Language - Paxen Publishing

STECK-VAUGHNAdult Education Solutions

LEVEL M

Language

TABE®

Tutor with Pretest

Reviewer: Chris MillerMs. Miller worked for over 30 years as an instructor, counselor, and director of adult education in Alabama.

Trademarks: TABE® is a registered trademark of Data Recognition Corporation.

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ISBN: 978-1-7345289-5-4

© 2020 by Paxen Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

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Printed in the U.S.A.

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A B C D E F

Contents iii

ContentsAbout TABE® 11 & 12 iv

About TABE® 11 & 12 Language Test iv

Using TABE® Tutor v

Test-Taking Tips v

Pretest vi

Unit 1 Usage

Lesson 1 Parts of Speech: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, and Adverb 2

Lesson 2 Parts of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection 4

Lesson 3 Order of Adjectives 6Lesson 4 Relative Pronouns and

Relative Adverbs 8Lesson 5 Prepositional Phrases 10Lesson 6 Verb Tense: Present, Past,

and Future 12Lesson 7 Verb Tense: Perfect 14Lesson 8 Verb Tense: Progressive 16Lesson 9 Modals 18Lesson 10 Consistent Verb Tense 20

Unit 1 Review 22

Unit 2 Punctuation, Capitalization, and Spelling

Lesson 11 Capitalization 24Lesson 12 Titles of Works 26Lesson 13 End Punctuation 28Lesson 14 Commas 30Lesson 15 Commas and Quotation

Marks 32Lesson 16 Spelling 34

Unit 2 Review 38

Unit 3 Sentences

Lesson 17 Complete Sentences 40Lesson 18 Sentence Fragments 42Lesson 19 Run-on Sentences 44Lesson 20 Combining Sentences for

Meaning, Variety, and Style 46Unit 3 Review 50

Unit 4 Vocabulary and Word Use

Lesson 21 Context Clues 52Lesson 22 Roots and Prefixes 54Lesson 23 Roots and Suffixes 56Lesson 24 Commonly Confused Words 58Lesson 25 Dialects in Literary Works 60Lesson 26 Precise Words and

Connotation 62Lesson 27 Using Reference Materials 64

Unit 4 Review 66

Unit 5 Text Types and Purposes

Lesson 28 Text Purposes: Opinion and Informative 68

Lesson 29 Topic Sentence 70Lesson 30 Organizational Structure 72Lesson 31 Supporting Sentences 74Lesson 32 Text Features 76Lesson 33 Graphics and Multimedia 78Lesson 34 Transitions 80Lesson 35 Word Choice 82Lesson 36 Conclusion 84

Unit 5 Review 86

Practice Test 90

Answers and Explanations 96

Pretest Answer Sheet 107

Pretest Analysis Chart 109

Practice Test Answer Sheet 111

Practice Test Analysis Chart 113

TABE® Tutoriv

About TABE® 11 & 12TABE® stands for the Tests of Adult Basic Education. These tests, published

by Data Recognition Corporation, are available in paper-and-pencil formats and online formats. TABE® 11 & 12 aligns with College and Career Readiness Standards and measures progress on the basic skills that adults need to succeed on the job and in life.

TABE® 11 & 12 has three subtests: Mathematics, Reading, and Language. Each subtest is available for five different levels:

L Adult Education—College and Career Readiness Level AE Adult Education—College and Career Readiness Level BM Adult Education—College and Career Readiness Level CD Adult Education—College and Career Readiness Level DA Adult Education—College and Career Readiness Level E

TABE® 11 & 12 Levels E, M, D, A

TestNumber of Items

(approximate)Maximum Allowable Testing

Time

Mathematics 40 65 minutes

Reading 47 100 minutes

Language 40 55 minutes

About TABE® 11 & 12 Language TestThis test measures language skills needed to communicate effectively in daily

life and in work settings. Language items cover key skills in grammar, usage, mechanics, sentence formation, and paragraph development.

The language tests include items from the following domains.

TABE® 11 & 12

Content Area Reporting Domains

Covered Domains

L E M D A

Conventions of Standard English ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦

Knowledge of Language ✦ ✦

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦

Text Types and Purposes ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦

vLanguage

1. Read the directions very carefully. Make sure you read through them word for word.

2. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what it means and what you have to do.

3. Read all of the answers carefully, even if you think you know the answer.

4. Answer all of the questions. If you cannot find the right answer, rule out the answers that you know are wrong. Then try to figure out the right answer. If you still do not know, make your best guess.

5. If you cannot figure out the answer on the paper-and-pencil test, put a light mark by the question number on the answer sheet and come back to it later. Erase your marks before you finish. If you cannot figure out the answer on the online test, flag the item for review.

6. Do not change an answer unless you are sure your first answer is wrong. Usually your first idea is the correct answer.

7. If you get nervous, stop for a while. Take a few breaths and relax. Then start working again.

Test-Taking Tips

The language test may include multiple-choice items and multiple-answer items. The online test may also include technology-enhanced items, such as fill-in-the-blank items, select text items, or drag-and-drop items.

Using TABE ® TutorPretest Begin by taking the pretest on pages vi–xi. Use the Pretest Answer Sheet on page 107 to record your answers. Then use the Pretest Analysis Chart on page 109 to identify your areas of strength and the areas you need to review. The chart will refer you to specific lessons in this book for further study.

Step-by-Step Instruction Each lesson starts with step-by-step instruction on a skill. The instruction contains examples and then a test example with feedback. This instruction is followed by practice questions. Work all of the questions in the lesson’s practice and then check your work in the Answers section in the back of the book.

Unit Reviews At the end of each unit, there is a Unit Review. Use these reviews to find out if you need to review any of the lessons before continuing.

Strategies and Hints Pay careful attention to the Strategies and Hints throughout this book. Strategies are test-taking tips that help you do better on the test. Hints give you extra information about a skill.

Practice Test At the end of the book, there is a full-length practice test. This test is similar to the TABE® 11 & 12 test. It has the same number and type of questions. This assessment will give you an idea of what the real test is like. Use the Practice Test Answer Sheet on page 111 to record your answers. Then use the Practice Test Analysis Chart on page 113 to identify the areas you need to review.

TABE® Tutorvi

Pretest

1 Read the sentence.

I run in the park in the morning.

Which correctly identifies the part of speech of each underlined word?

A. run: adjective; park: adjective

B. run: adverb; park: noun

C. run: verb; park: noun

D. run: verb; park: pronoun


My friend Andrea gave me the yellow daisies in the vase.

Which of these is a prepositional phrase?

A. My friend Andrea

B. gave me the

C. the yellow daisies

D. in the vase

3 Read the topic sentence.

Get a flu shot every year to help you stay healthy.

Which of these best develops the topic sentence?

A. The flu shot protects you against several strains of the virus. It can also lessen symptoms if you do get the flu.

B. Vaccinations have become controversial. This has led to an increase in diseases such as chicken pox.

C. The flu vaccine is usually given by a needle. You can get it at the doctor’s office or a pharmacy.

D. Children receive vaccines for different illnesses over time. For example, infants receive the Hepatitis B vaccine.


Raul _________ the dog before his wife arrived home.

Which word best completes the sentence?

A. walks B. will walk

C. has walked D. had walked

5 Which sentence uses capitalization correctly?

A. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson live on peacock street.

B. Memorial day occurs in May, not June.

C. Gary read about the accident in The Washington Post.

D. The Martinez family has a dog named rover.


The queen’s _________ has lasted over sixty years.

Which word completes the sentence and is spelled correctly?

A. reign B. riegn

C. reagn D. raign

7 Read the sentences.

Carlos made his son a red truck. It is a wooden truck.

Which revision best combines the sentences?

A. Carlos made his son a red truck, and it is a wooden truck.

B. Carlos made his son a red truck, but it is wooden.

C. Carlos made his son a red truck and a wooden truck.

D. Carlos made his son a red wooden truck.

Level M


viiPretest vii

8 Read the excerpt from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. In the excerpt, Aunty Polly is speaking to Tom Sawyer.

“Oh, go ’long with you, Tom, before you aggravate me again. And you try and see if you can’t be a good boy, for once. . . .”

Tom reached school ahead of time.

What is the best translation of the underlined phrase?

A. leave now

B. come here

C. go hide

D. stay still

Read the opinion passage. Then answer questions 9 through 11.

Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Why Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is Better than Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

(1) ________ (2) CBT teaches new ways of thinking and acting. (3) It requires people to talk about their problems. ________ (4) Instead, the EMDR patient makes eye movements while remembering a difficult event. (5) Over time, the emotional response to the event lessens. (6) This leads to fewer symptoms. (7) Both CBT and EMDR reduce symptoms of depression. (8) However, EMDR is more effective at reducing anxiety. (9) EMDR also reduces other PTSD symptoms. (10) Therefore, Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense both recommend EMDR to treat PTSD symptoms.

9 Which of these is the best topic sentence for this opinion passage?

A. EMDR is more effective than CBT at treating PTSD.

B. CBT and EMDR both treat PTSD.

C. There is no difference between EMDR and CBT.

D. Many people suffer from PTSD.

10 Which sentence best fills in the blank after sentence 3?

A. Next, EMDR is the same.

B. Still, many people are diagnosed with PTSD.

C. As a result, people with PTSD suffer from depression and anxiety.

D. In contrast, EMDR patients do not talk in-depth about problems.

11 Which of these is the best conclusion?

A. Find an EMDR therapist for the best trauma treatment.

B. Do your own research before choosing a trauma treatment.

C. Trauma affects people in the military and civilian life.

D. The best trauma treatment is simply talking.


Canada is the country ________ Will was born.


A. why

B. when

C. which

D. where

13 Which sentence should end with a question mark?

A. It is going to be a sunny day

B. The beach might be crowded

C. Think of a fun outdoor activity

D. Will you go to the park later

14 Which of these is a complete sentence?

A. Sailed in choppy ocean waters.

B. A bad rainstorm directly ahead.

C. The sailor turned toward land.

D. Hoping to return before the storm.


TABE® Tutorviii

15 Which sentence uses commas and quotation marks correctly?

A. “Time cards are due by five.” Sharon, said.

B. “Time cards are due by five,” Sharon said.

C. “Time cards are due by five, Sharon said.”

D. “Time cards are due by five, Sharon said.

16 What is the meaning of the word careless?

A. capable of caring

B. full of care

C. the action of caring

D. without care


Either you ride the bus, or you take the train.

Which words are conjunctions?

A. ride, take

B. Either, or

C. Either, the

D. or, you

Read the passage. Then answer questions 18 and 19.

Scientists study coastal erosion. During this process, ocean waves batter against cliffs and rocks. They pound rocks into pebbles. The pebbles are then slowly pounded by the ocean into sand.

Coastal erosion changes the shape of the coast over time. For example, the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was built in 1870. It was nearly 457 meters from the ocean. By 1970, it was just 37 meters from the ocean.

18 What is the meaning of the underlined domain-specific word?

A. process of wearing away

B. process of adding to

C. process of water changing into a gas

D. process of heat releasing energy

19 What type of graphic feature would best show what the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse and the area around it looked like in 1970?

A. a graph

B. a time line

C. a photograph

D. a map


ixPretest ix

20 Read the passage.

It is helpful to begin saving early for retirement. First, even a small amount put away each week adds up. Second, over time, you make interest on the principal (the money you saved). You then make interest on the interest you have already earned. __________

Which sentence best fills in the blank?

A. However, the longer you save, the more you make.

B. Therefore, the longer you save, the more you make.

C. For example, the longer you save, the more you make.

D. On the other hand, the longer you save, the more you make.

21 My favorite article in Baker’s Delight was _________.

A. Tasty Cupcakes

B. “Tasty Cupcakes”

C. “Tasty Cupcakes”

D. Tasty Cupcakes

22 Read the thesaurus entry.

calm (adjective)quiet, still, peaceful, sereneantonyms: nervous, tense, restless

Which of these means the opposite of calm?

A. still B. serene

C. tense D. quiet


The choir _________ the best song now.


A. had been singing

B. will be singing

C. was singing

D. is singing

24 Read the run-on sentence.

Leila left work late she had a lot to do.

Which revision best corrects the run-on sentence?

A. Leila left work late, so she had a lot to do.

B. Leila left work late, she had a lot to do.

C. Leila left work late because she had a lot to do.

D. Leila left work late, or she had a lot to do.


We found __________ boxes.

Which of these completes the sentence and has the adjectives in the proper order?

A. old, huge, cardboard, eight

B. eight, huge, old, cardboard

C. huge, eight, cardboard, old

D. cardboard, huge, eight, old


When Karen arrived at her party, we all said, “Surprise!”

Which precise word is the best substitute for the underlined word?

A. sighed B. shouted

C. murmured D. stated


Mr. Carter has cooked dinner for the family since he ______ last June.

Which of these best completes the sentence?

A. will retire

B. retires

C. retired

D. will have retired


TABE® Tutorx

28 Which two words have the same root?

A. precook, preview

B. nonsense, noon

C. pedestrian, pedal

D. underneath, uneasy


________ you like me to help you with the dishes?

Which word best completes the sentence and expresses an offer?

A. Must B. Would

C. Should D. Could

30 Which sentence uses commas correctly?

A. Yes I am baking brownies, cookies and a chocolate cake.

B. Yes, I am baking brownies, cookies and, a chocolate cake.

C. Yes, I am baking brownies, cookies, and a chocolate, cake.

D. Yes, I am baking brownies, cookies, and a chocolate cake.

31 Which two of these are sentence fragments?

A. A truck arrived with new siding.

B. The painter with a ladder.

C. They painted the house yellow.

D. After workers ripped off the old siding.


Last night, Ben ________ fried green tomatoes at the local diner.

Which of these correctly completes the sentence?

A. orders

B. ordered

C. will order

D. does order

33 Which sentence would most likely be found in an opinion piece?

A. You can recycle glass, some plastics, and many paper goods.

B. I urge you to recycle so that these items do not end up in a landfill.

C. Some communities will pick up recycling every other week.

D. Bins for trash and recycling are often different colors.

34 Read the sentences.

Over several years, the family transformed the rundown house into a comfortable family home. They made changes slowly and steadily with the help of their neighbors.

Which context clue helps readers understand the meaning of transformed?

A. over several years

B. made changes

C. slowly and steadily

D. help of their neighbors

35 Which sentence would most likely be found in an informative text?

A. Please support your local animal shelter with time and money.

B. People must not adopt a dog if they will not walk it.

C. Some animal shelters have a no-kill policy.

D. I encourage you to consider volunteering to walk dogs.


The concerned parents went ______ the school and spoke with the ________.

Which words correctly complete the sentence?

A. to, principle

B. two, principal

C. too, principle

D. to, principal


xiPretest xi

Read the passage. Then answer questions 37 through 40.

Tax Preparation Tips for Business Owners

(1) _________ (2) Keep all receipts for business expenses. (3) This includes monthly phone and Internet bills. (4) It also includes anything you buy for your business. (5) For example, you should keep receipts for office supplies. (6) This might include paper, pens, and ink cartridges. (7) Also track money you spend on advertising. (8) If you work at home, keep your monthly utility bills. (9) You can subtract a percentage of them from your income. (10) Other deductions may include mileage and some dining expenses.

Vocabulary

income: how much you make from work and investments

deductions: reductions that lower your taxable income

37 Which sentence makes the best topic sentence for the passage?

A. Take these actions to file your taxes.

B. If you want to buy a business, follow these steps.

C. Do your own taxes to save money.

D. Track your business expenses to make tax season easy.

38 What word in sentence 10 would be the best choice for boldface type?

A. deductions

B. mileage

C. dining

D. expenses

39 What would be the best feature to explain more about business expenses?

A. label

B. sidebar

C. caption

D. heading

40 Which of these is the best conclusion for this passage?

A. Another idea is to hire an accountant to keep track of your expenses.

B. Keep track of spending; see where you are wasting money!

C. Tracking business expenses is well worth the effort; it may save you money!

D. Most people hire an accountant to actually do their taxes.


Answers and Explanations

TABE® Tutor96

Level M Pretest

1. C. Run expresses an action. A park is a place. 4.L.1, 5.L.1

2. D. In is the preposition, vase is the object of the preposition, and the modifies vase. 4.L.1.e

3. A. These supporting sentences explain how the flu shot helps you stay healthy. They best support the topic sentence. 4.W.2.b, 5.W.1.b

4. D. The past perfect tense had walked expresses an action that ended before some other past action (arrived) took place. 5.L.1.b

5. C. The names of people and the titles of newspapers are capitalized. 4.L.2.a

6. A. The letters ei in reign stand for a long a sound. The letter g is silent. 4.L.2.d, 5.L.2.e

7. D. Combine the sentences by moving the key word wooden from the second sentence to the first sentence. 5.L.3.a

8. A. Go ’long (along) with you means “leave now” or “run along.” Aunt Polly tells Tom to leave, and he reaches school early. 5.L.3.b

9. A. This topic sentence states an opinion. It is supported by the details in the paragraph. 5.W.1.a

10. D. The organizational structure is compare and contrast. This sentence contrasts EMDR and CBT. 5.W.1.a

11. A. This conclusion restates the main idea of the introduction and includes a call to action. 5.W.1.d

12. D. The relative adverb where refers to a place. 4.L.1.a

13. D. This sentence asks a question. 4.L.1, 5.L.1

14. C. This sentence has a subject, sailor, and a verb, turned, and expresses a complete thought. 4.L.1.f

15. B. There are quotation marks around the exact words of the speaker. The comma follows the last word of the speaker. 4.L.2.b

16. D. The suffix -less means “without.” Careless means “without care.” 4.L.4.b

17. B. Either/or are correlative conjunctions. 5.L.1.a, 5.L.1.e

18. A. The process of erosion, or wearing away, is described in the passage. Oceans pound rocks into pebbles and then into sand. 4.W.2.d, 4.L.6, 5.L.6

19. C. A photograph would best show what the lighthouse and the area around it looked like. 4.W.2.a

20. B. This sentence shows a result. Because you make interest on both principal and interest over time, the longer you save your money, the more money you make. 4.W.2.c, 5.L.6

21. B. The title of an article in a magazine should be in quotation marks. 5.L.2.d

22. C. The word tense is an antonym of calm. It has the opposite meaning. 4.L.4.c

23. D. Use the present progressive to express an action that is taking place now. 4.L.1.b

24. C. This revision uses the subordinating conjunction because to join the clauses. 4.L.1.f

25. B. The adjectives should follow this order: number (eight) size (huge) age (old ) material (cardboard). 4.L.1.d

26. B. Shouted is the most precise word that fits the context of the sentence. 4.L.6

27. C. The past tense verb retired is needed because this action occurred in the past (last June). 5.L.1.d

28. C. The words pedestrian and pedal have the same root: ped, meaning “foot.” 4.L.4.b

29. B. The modal would is used to express an offer. 4.L.1.c

30. D. Use a comma after the word yes and to separate items in a list. 5.L.2.a, 5.L.2.c

31. B, D. Option B is missing a verb. Option D does not express a complete thought. 4.L.1.f

32. B. The words last night tell you that a past tense verb is needed. 5.L.1.c

33. B. The word urge signals an opinion. 5.W.1

34. B. The words made changes are a restatement of the word transformed. 4.L.4.a

35. C. This sentence states a fact and would be found most likely in an informative text. 4.W.2

36. D. In this sentence, to means “toward, in the direction of” and principal means “the person in authority.” 4.L.1.g

37. D. This sentence tells the main idea of the paragraph—what to do to prepare for tax season. It is supported by the heading and the supporting details. 4.W.2.a

38. A. Deductions is found in the vocabulary box at the end of the passage. Using boldface type would help the reader notice key vocabulary. 4.W.2.a

39. B. A sidebar is used to give additional or explanatory information. 4.W.2.a

40. C. This conclusion restates the central idea and makes connections among some of the main ideas. 4.W.2.e



Level M Pretest: Answer Sheet

Instructions: For each question, fill in the circle that goes with the answer you choose. Fill in the circle completely and make your mark heavy and dark. You may erase the mark you made and make a new mark. Do not make any other marks on your answer sheet.

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Level M Pretest: Analysis Chart

Instructions: This chart can help you determine your strengths and weaknesses on the language skills assessed on the TABE® 11 & 12 test. Use the Answers and Explanations starting on page 96 to check your answers to the test. Then, place an X next to the item numbers you missed. Review the lessons identified for any missed items.

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Pretest Item

Correct/ Incorrect

For incorrect items, review the following

lesson

1 Lesson 1

2 Lesson 5

3 Lesson 31

4 Lesson 7

5 Lesson 11

6 Lesson 16

7 Lesson 20

8 Lesson 25

9 Lesson 29

10 Lesson 30

11 Lesson 36

12 Lesson 4

13 Lesson 13

14 Lesson 17

15 Lesson 15

16 Lesson 23

17 Lesson 2

18 Lesson 35

19 Lesson 33

20 Lesson 34

Pretest Item

Correct/ Incorrect

For incorrect items, review the following

lesson

21 Lesson 12

22 Lesson 27

23 Lesson 8

24 Lesson 19

25 Lesson 3

26 Lesson 26

27 Lesson 10

28 Lesson 22

29 Lesson 9

30 Lesson 14

31 Lesson 18

32 Lesson 6

33 Lesson 28

34 Lesson 21

35 Lesson 28

36 Lesson 24

37 Lesson 29

38 Lesson 32

39 Lesson 32

40 Lesson 36

109

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