8/2/2019 Land Reform During Twentieth Century

1/3

Jewish Presence 11/4/2010 7:13:00 AM

Anti Semitism

Jews linked to communism Traditional trading, a feeling that they own a large amount of

capital

Hungarian short communist experiment

Tended to be the money lenders within society, problem of credit

for the rural poor

Some parties had a very nationalist agenda at this period (post WW1)

Can be seen that there was a proportion of anti-germanismJews tended to be disspraportionatlely represented n the universities

Particularly law and medicineo BUT general expansion of education following WW1

Sons of peasantry enter the universities moreDifference between peasants and farmers is that peasants tend to be on

subsistence living whereas farming is aiming to make a profit

Heavy peasant populations in Eastern Europe except for polandhungary and czechoslovakia more industrialised

Bohemian part of Czechoslovakia had a very high standard of living

Can be seen during the 1930s that the standard of living washigher than britain

8/2/2019 Land Reform During Twentieth Century

2/3

Land Reform 11/4/2010 7:13:00 AM

Fear of bolshevism, wanted to satisfy their peasants

Romanian government promises land reform after WWIMore radical land reforms happened in the nationalist countries

They werent focused on economic gains

Divided large estates into smaller estates which tends to be lessefficient

Rewards the peasantry

Was also used to by party politics, in Romania rightist party used land

reform against the Conservative party

In some countries they dont have a radical land reform in order to make

sure they didnt reward people too much

Bela Kun made things worse in Hungary with Communist Revolution as he

nationalized the lands of the landownersLand reform can be used to place people in certain areas of the region

Often rewarded those who had been fighting in WWIMost farmers still practicing strip farming

Means that strips of land are being continually divided upthrough inheritance

Also a lack of real tools

In some areas they are still using WOODEN ploughs Lack of livestock in the area

Rapid growth of population

An attempt to industrialise countries in order to provide industryfor an expanding workforce

o They do this through protectionism in order to allow infantindustries to spring up

o This means that industrial goods ar very expensive due tothe relative lack of industry in their own country

The Great Depression hits these countries hard

The Germans buy a lot of the grains off the Balkan countries atthis point which aids the countries

o This is for future stockpiling for war

8/2/2019 Land Reform During Twentieth Century

3/3

11/4/2010 7:13:00 AM

Origins in the Habsburg Era

Socially conservative

Focus on the church possiblyo VS Croatian Peasant Party

Family as the ideal unit

Focus on classes

Takes the sting out of the peasant parties when they get their land reform

They are politically satisfiedo May remove the more radical elements

Difficult for the leaders of the peasant parties to actually runt he country,

tended to be educated peasants but may well often be taken over by the

middle class in terms of leadership

Tends to morph from being peasant party to being an educatednationalist party

Also concerned about peasants role within the class system, moves

quickly away from basic socio-economic concerns of the peasants towards

more middle class objectives of nationalism