LABOUR REFORMS NEED OF NEW HR STRATEGIES

LABOUR

REFORMS

&

NEED OF

NEW HR

STRATEGIES

Labour Codes Draft Release For Public

House Date of Introduction

Debate / Passed in Lok

Sabha

Debate / Passed in Rajya Sabha

President’s Assent on

Code on Wages 2019

01.Nov.2019 Lok Sabha 23.Jul.2019 30.Jul.2019 02.Aug.2019 8th August 2019The Code on Wages (Central) Rules, 2020

(Draft).

The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 09.Dec.2019 Lok Sabha 19.Sep.2020 22.Sep.2020 23.Sep.2020 28th Sept 2020

The Code On Social Security, 2020 28.Nov.2019 Lok Sabha 19.Sep.2020 22.Sep.2020 23.Sep.2020 28th Sept 2020

The Occupational Safety, Health and

Working Conditions Code, 202010.July.2019 Lok Sabha 19.Sep.2020 22.Sep.2020 23.Sep.2020 28th Sept 2020

Labour Laws in India –What is changing

29 Laws have been consolidated in 4 Labour codesWhy Consolidation was Important?

Reduces the complexity in compliance due to multiplicity of Labour Laws

Facilitate the ease of doing business

Employment generation without diluting basic aspects of securing employee rights, safety, security and health of workers

Standardisation of the definition under different labour laws

https://www.simpliance.in/code_on_wages_2019.pdf

https://www.simpliance.in/The-Draft-Code-on-Wages-(Central)-Rules-2020.pdf

https://www.simpliance.in/The-Industrial-Relations-Code-2020.pdf

https://www.simpliance.in/The-Code-On-Social-Security-2020.pdf

https://www.simpliance.in/The-Occupational-Safety-Health-and-Working-Conditions-Code-2020.pdf

NEW DEFINITION

Wages (Section 2y) means all remuneration whether by way of salaries allowances or otherwise, expressed in terms of

money or capable of being so expressed which would, if the terms of employment, express or implied, were fulfilled, be payable to a person employed in respect of his employment or of work done in such employment, and includes,—

(i) basic pay;

(ii) dearness allowance; and

(iii) retaining allowance, if any,

but does not include–

a. any bonus payable under any law for the time being in force, which does not form part of the remuneration payable under the terms of employment;

b. the value of any house-accommodation, or of the supply of light, water, medical attendance or other amenity or of any serviceexcluded from the computation of wages by a general or special order of the appropriate Government;

NEW DEFINITION

Wages (Section 2y)

c. any contribution paid by the employer to any pension or provident fund, and the interest which may have accrued thereon;

d. any conveyance allowance or the value of any travelling concession;

e. any sum paid to the employed person to defray special expenses entailed on him by the nature of his employment;

f. house rent allowance;

g. remuneration payable under any award or settlement between the parties or order of a court or Tribunal;

h. any overtime allowance;

i. any commission payable to the employee;

j. any gratuity payable on the termination of employment;

k. any retrenchment compensation or other retirement benefit payable to the employee or any ex gratia payment made to him on the termination of employment:

NEW DEFINITION

Employee (Section 2k): Employee definition

includes all employees engaged on wages to do

skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled, operational or manual

work including managers, supervisors and

administrative staff. The term includes a person

declared to be an employee by the appropriate

government. However, it does not include apprentice

engaged under the Apprentices Act, 1961 and

members of the Armed Forces of the Union.

NEW DEFINITION

Worker (Section 2z): Worker definition includes any personemployed in any Industry to do any manual, unskilled, skilled,technical, operational, clerical or supervisory work for hire orreward.

It also includes ‘working journalist’ and ‘sales promotion employees’and for the purposes of any proceeding under this Code in relationto an industrial dispute, includes any such person who has beendismissed, discharged or retrenched or otherwise terminated inconnection with, or as a consequence of, that dispute, or whosedismissal, discharge or retrenchment has led to that dispute.

It does not include any such person:

a) who is subject to the Air Force Act, 1950, or the Army Act, 1950,or the Navy Act, 1957; or

b) who is employed in the police service or as an officer or otheremployee of a prison; or

c) who is employed mainly in a managerial or administrativecapacity; or

d) who is employed in a supervisory capacity drawing wage ofexceeding Rs.15,000 per month or an amount as may be notifiedby the Central Government from time to time; or

e) who is apprentice engaged under the Apprentices Act, 1961.

NEW DEFINITION

Worker (Section 2z):

Note:

There is a distinction made between ‘employee’ and‘worker’.

The employee definition includes all employeesincluding managers, supervisors and administrative staffwhereas the worker definition does not includeadministrative and managerial staff.

The supervisors are also excluded from the definitionof the worker if their monthly wage is more thanRs.15,000 or the sum notified by the CentralGovernment.

The term ‘worker’ excludes managerial and supervisoryemployees and includes sales promotion employees andworking journalists.

NEW DEFINITION

Employer (Section 2l): Employer means a person who employs direct or indirect employees(through contractor) in his establishment and where the establishment is carried on by anydepartment of the Central Government or the State Government, the authority specified, by thehead of such department, in this behalf or where no authority, is so specified the head of thedepartment and in relation to an establishment carried on by a local authority, the chief executiveof that authority, and includes,—

❑ in relation to an establishment which is a factory, the occupier of the factory as defined inclause (n) of section 2 of the Factories Act, 1948 and, where a person has been named as amanager of the factory under clause (f) of sub-section (1) of section 7 of the said Act, theperson so named;

❑ in relation to any other establishment, the person who, or theauthority which, has ultimatecontrol over the affairs of the establishment and where the said affairs is entrusted to amanager or managing director, such manager or managing director;

❑ Contractor; and

❑ legal representative of a deceased employer;

NEW DEFINITION

Employer (Section 2l):

Note:

There are two new concepts introduced in the definition of employer one is ‘contractor’ as anemployer and the ‘legal representative of a deceased employer’ will be treated as an employer. Asper this new definition the ‘Contractor’ is equally given importance as an employer, and would alsobe held accountable as an ‘employer; in respect of employees provided by it to the principalemployer. Contractor shall issue standard employment letter to his employees and pay socialsecurity benefits to his employees.

Further, legal representative of a deceased employer are also responsible for payment of dues likeminimum wages and bonus to the employees.

NEW DEFINITION

Establishment (Section 2m):

Means any place where any industry, trade, business, manufacture or occupation is carried on and includes Government establishment;

Note: This definition of establishment is broad enough to cover most establishments. Therefore, any person employedin such ‘establishment’ and falling within the definition of ‘employee’ will be governed by the applicable provisions of theCode. Presently, there is no blanket exemption given to any specific establishment from the applicability of the Code.However, the Code exempts certain establishments from the applicability of the specific provisions thereunder, forexample, establishments in public sector, Universities, Non-profit institutions, etc. are exempt from the Chapter onpayment of bonus under the Code.

Inspector-cum-Facilitator (Section 2r):

Means a person appointed by the appropriate Government under sub-section (1) of section 51.

Note: His role includes to advise employer and workers relating to compliance with the provisions of this Codeand to inspect the establishments as assigned to him by the appropriate Government. The Code intends tocombine the roles of facilitation and inspection rather than only inspection. The appropriate Government mayconfer jurisdiction of a randomized selection of inspection for the purpose of this Code to the Inspector-cum-Facilitator. Inspection will be web-based which will have a facility for electronic summoning of information tohelp compliance.

NEW DEFINITION

Contractor (Section 2f)

in relation to an establishment, means a person, who -

▪ undertakes to produce a given result for the establishment, other than a mere supply of goods or articles of manufacture to such establishment, through contract labour; or

▪ supplies contract labour for any work of the establishment as mere human resource and includes a sub-contractor;

Note: The contractor is equally given importance as an employer. The contractor will also be liable for the implementation of the Code. The Employer definition includes ‘Contractor’ as an employer

NEW DEFINITION OF WAGES

Contract Labour (Section 2g) means aworker who shall be deemed to be employed inor in connection with the work of anestablishment when he is hired in or inconnection with such work by or through acontractor, with or without the knowledge ofthe principal employer and includes inter-Statemigrant worker.

It does not include a worker (other than part-time employee) who –

is regularly employed by the contractorfor any activity of his establishment andhis employment is governed by mutuallyaccepted standards of the conditions ofemployment (including engagement onpermanent basis), and

gets periodical increment in the pay,social security coverage and otherwelfare benefits in accordance with thelaw for the time being in force in suchemployment;

NEW DEFINITION OF WAGES

Contract Labour (Section 2g)

Note:

As per this new definition, contract labourmentioned in (i) and (ii) cannot claimpermanency with Principle employer. Further,the ‘employee’ definition does not make anydifference between regular and contractemployees.

NEW DEFINITION

Same work or work of a similar nature (Section 2v) means work in respect

of which the skill, effort, experience and responsibility required are the same, when

performed under similar working conditions by employees and the difference if any,

between the skill, effort, experience and responsibility required for employees of

any gender, are not of practical importance in relation to the terms and conditions

of employment;

Code of Wages 2019

EARLIER LAWS SUBSUMED IN CODE OF WAGES 2019

• Payment of Wage Act 1936

• Minimum Wages Act 1948

• Payment of Bonus Act 1965

• Equal Remuneration Act 1976

CODE OF WAGES 2019

BENEFITS

1.

• Minimum wages and payment of wages to all organized and unorganized sectors

• Empower central government to set different national minimum wages for

different parts of the country

• Timely payment to employees without any wage ceiling

• Payment of salaries or wages on or before the 7th of the following month

• Removal of gender discrimination not just in wages but also in recruitments and

transfers

• Imprisonment only in case of offences committed repeatedly within five years of

commission of the first or subsequent offence

• Contract Labour to be treated on par with regular employees

CODE OF WAGES 2019

WHAT HAS BEEN CHANGED?

1.

Old New

Coverage Minimum wages are fixed for scheduled employments

with more than 1000 employees

Minimum wages paid to all employees

Wages Act - Applies to employees whose wages do not

exceed Rs. 24000/- PM

Provision regarding payment of wages will apply

to all employees

Bonus Act- Applies to establishments with 20 or more

persons and for employees and for employees whose

wages do not exceed Rs. 21000/- PM

Bonus will apply to employees whose wages do

not exceed a monthly amount notified by

central or state governments

Minimum

Wages

No Provision Minimum wages fixed by the state Government

cannot be lower than the national minimum

wages for that region

Overtime

Wages

Allow the relevant central or state governments to set

overtime wages

Overtime wages set at two times the normal

wages

CODE OF WAGES 2019


1.

Old New

Gender

Discrimination

Prohibits gender discrimination in wage payment,

recruitment , transfers and promotions

Removal of Gender discrimination not just in

wages but also in recruitments and transfers

Inspections Inspections are appointed to carry out

1) Surprise checks and

2)Examine persons and require them to give

information among other powers

Appointments of a Facilitator to carry out

inspection and provide information to

employees and employers for better

compliance .

Inspection will be done on the basis of

Inspection scheme , which will include a web-

based inspection schedule

CODE OF WAGES 2019


1.

Old New

Penalties Minimum wages : Offences includes

1) Paying employees less than minimum wages and

2) not providing for a day of rest in the week. Penalties include fine up to Rs.

500 and imprisonment up to six months

Wages Act: Offence includes

1) Non-payment of wages at specified time period

2) Unauthorized deductions from wages. Penalties include fine up to Rs. 7500

Bonus Act: In case a person or company does not comply with the

act, they can be punished with imprisonment up to six months or

fine up to Rs. 1000

Equal Remuneration Act Offences include

1) Non maintenance of documents in relation to employees and

2) Discrimination against women in recruitment , penalties include fine up to

Ts. 20000 or imprisonment up to 1 year

Employers who pays less than what is due under

the code will pay a fine upto Rs. 50000.

If employer is guilty of repeat offence within five

years , penalties include imprisonment upto 3

months or a fine of upto 1 lakh or both.

Employers who do not comply with any other

provision of the code will pay a fine of up to Rs.

20000.

If an employer is guilty of the same offences again

within five years , penalties include imprisonment

up to one month or a fine of up to Rs. 40000 or

both

Code of Wages 2019

Following points to be noted

1. Code applied to all sectors of employment

2. Minimum wage to all , including unorganized sector

3. Definition of employee includes employees in the supervisory , managerial and administrative category

4. Disparity in wages applicable in different state reduced

5. No salary ceiling on the applicability of the provisions of the payment of wages act

6. Demands could be met sourcing workers locally

7. Grievances can be addressed for all categories of employees, within the framework of the labour codes

ensuring uniformity in treatment , avoiding disputes and litigation cost

8. Inspection will be done on the basis of inspection scheme, which will include a web-based inspection

scheme

9. Employer has to deal with a single Inspector for compliance

Code of Wages 2019

Impact

Trade and Industry will have to restructure the salaries and wages, so as to ensure 50% of CTC excluding

employers contribution towards PF & ESIC are considered to be basic wages on which PF will be deducted.

Therefore, there will be reduction in net take home salary, but will substantially increase in savings of the

employees. Following factors needs to be considered while not only restructuring of salaries but compliance of

the labour code :

• Definition of wages does not include house rent allowances , 50% of allowances paid shall be part of the

basic wages for computation

• Higher amount of penalties for contravention

• Court can take cognizance of an offences punishable under this code if a complaint is filed by an employee

or a registered trade union.

CODE ON SOCIAL

SECURITY 2020

EARLIER LAWS SUBSUMED IN CODE ON SOCIAL SECURITY 2020

1. The Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923

2. The Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948

3. The Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

4. The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959

5. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961

6. The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972

7. The Cine Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981

8. The Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Cess Act, 1996

9. The Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Act, 2008

CODE ON SOCIAL SECURITY 2020

Object

• To extend social security to all employees and workers either in the organized or unorganized sectors

• To provide for voluntary coverage under ESIC and PF schemes even if the number of employees are less than the

limit.

• To extend social security benefits to temporary workers

• The definition of the EMPLOYEE has been comprehensively elaborated to over maximum number of employees

and workers

• To provide electronic registration of employers

• Constitution of various social security organizations like the national security board for the unorganized workers

• To empower the government to frame schemes for temporary workers and the members of their families for

coverage under the ESI scheme.

• To frame schemes providing for social security benefits to self employed workers

• To provide for payment of gratuity to fixed term employees on pro rata basis.


Features

• The facility of ESIC would now be provided in all 740 districts. At present, this facility is being given in 566

districts only.

• Establishments working in hazardous sectors would mandatorily be linked with ESIC, even if there is only

one worker working in it.

• Provision for Gratuity has been made for Fixed Term Employee and there would not be any condition for

minimum service period for this. For the first time, a Fixed Term Employee working for a determined period

on contract has been given the right of social security like a Regular Employee.

• There will be national database for unorganised sector workers where registration of all such workers

would be done on an online portal on the basis of Self Certification through a simple procedure. It would

facilitate the extension of benefits of various social security schemes to beneficiaries in the unorganised

sector.


Duties of employer have been specifically mentioned as

follows

a) ensure that workplace is free from hazards which cause or are likely to cause injury or

occupational disease to the employees;

b) comply with the occupational safety and health standards declared, regulations, bye-laws or

orders made under this Code;

c) provide such annual health examination or test free of costs to such employees of such age or

such class of employees of establishments or such class of establishments, as may be prescribed

by the appropriate Government;


Duties of employer have been specifically mentioned as

follows

d) ensure the disposal of hazardous and toxic waste including disposal of e-waste;

e) issue a letter of appointment to every employee on his appointment in the establishment, with

such information and in such form as may be prescribed by the appropriate Government and

where an employee has not been issued such appointment letter on or before the

commencement of this Code, he shall, within three months of such commencement, be issued

such appointment letter;

f) ensure that no charge is levied on any employee, in respect of anything done or provided for

maintenance of safety and health at workplace including conduct of medical examination and

investigation for the purpose of detecting occupational diseases;


Advantages to Employers

▪ No fresh registrations required under the code for employees already registered under

the subsumed laws

▪ Uniformity in definition of wages as adopted in the code of wages

▪ Returns to be filed electronically

▪ Fixed term method of engagement with no maximum period legally permitted subject

to payment of benefits on par with permanent employees

▪ Introduction of 5 years limitation period for initiation of an enquiry under the EPF Act

▪ Responsibility fixed on employees clearly to provide AADHAR for availing benefits

under the social security code

▪ EPFO and ESIC corporations to be made body corporates to increase the accountability



▪ Generation of web-based inspection scheme . Randomized selection of employers for

the purpose of inspection

▪ Inspector bound to perform advisory role- shall provide advice to employers and

employees on compliance of the provision of code

▪ Inspection report to be uploaded online within a time frame after inspection to ensure

transparency and for the employer to respond only on the specific queries.

▪ Proposal to enhance salary limit for women employees under the ESIC scheme to INR

50000/- to facilitate payment of Maternity and other cash benefits.


❑ Labour welfare fund law have not been merged with the code , leading to additionalobligation / compliance for employers.

❑ Insurance cover for payment of gratuity may be made mandatory , leading toblockage of working capital for employers

❑ Dues towards EPF and ESIC contributions shall have first charge on asset of theestablishment

❑ The provision that government will contribute 50% of the Maternity expenses towomen earning upto INR 15000/- has not been included

❑ Minimum fine for first time offence INR 50000/- with one-year imprisonment

❑ Enhanced punishment after previous conviction , fine up to INR 200000/- withimprisonment for a term of 2 years

❑ 2nd and subsequent offence involving non-payment of contributions due, maternitybenefit, gratuity benefit, employee compensation shall attract imprisonment not lessthan 2 years to 5 years and fine of INR 300000/-

THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CODE, 2020

EARLIER LAWS SUBSUMED IN


1. Trade Union Act

2. Industrial Dispute Act

3. Industrial Employment Act


What are the Changes?

1. This will apply to establishments with at least 300 employees which was earlier 100 employees

2. Permission for closure , lay-off will be required for establishments with at least 300 workers which was

earlier 100 employees

3. Dispute relating to termination of individual worker : Classifies any dispute in relation to discharge ,

dismissal, retrenchment, or otherwise termination of the services of an individual worker to be an

industrial dispute .The worker may apply to the industrial tribunal for adjudication

THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY,

HEALTH & WORKING

CONDITIONS CODE, 2020

EARLIER LAWS SUBSUMED IN

THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH

&WORKING CONDITIONS CODE, 2020

1. Factories Act

2. Plantation Labour Act

3. Mine Act

4. Working Journalists and other

Newspaper employees Act

5. Working journalist Act

6. Motor Transport Workers Act

7. Beedi and Cigar Workers Act

8. Contract Labour Act

9. Sales Promotion Employees Act

10. Inter State Migrant Workmen Act

11. Cine Workers and Cinema Theatre

workers Act

12. Dock Workers Act

13. Building and Other construction

Workers Act

THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH &WORKING CONDITIONS CODE, 2020

OBJECTIVES

To provide flexibility and to include necessary provisions in the code for

enforcing rules and regulations in tune with the emerging technologies



• Consolidation of laws helps for monitoring, easy compliances and benefitsof both companies and employees

• Once Registration, One License, One Return, One Common authority

• Single all India License valid for five years for engaging the contractlabours.

• Legal provisions strengthened to make employees abide by the safetynorms

• The code does not apply to apprentices

• Web based inspection for easy and smooth process

• Inspectors cum facilitators to perform the role of guiding the employers tocomply with the code.


Following Points to be considered by Employers w.r.t. compliances & consequences:

• Provision apply to Establishments employing 50 or more contract workers and to everymanpower supply contractor employing more than 50 workmen

• Welfare facilities for the contract labour to be provided by the principal Employer

• Engagement of Contract labour by a principal employer through a contractor withoutlicense shall be deemed to be in contravention of the code

• Principle Employers can also engage contract labour when there is a sudden increase inthe volume of work to be completed within a specified period of time

• Contractor to initiate the authority as and when he receives a fresh work order . Failureto intimate authority may lead to cancellation of license

• Contractor shall be responsible for payment of wages through bank transferelectronically and inform the principle employer after disbursement



• In case the contractor fails to make payment, the Principal employer will be responsible for thepayment of wages

• Contractor shall issue an experience certificate to the contract labour engaged by him

• Contractors engaging contract workers in more than one state can obtain a common licensefrom the designated authority

• The code provides for a common license as well as work specific license for contractors

• No contractor shall engage workmen without a license

• Licence can be applied shall be issued and renewed electronically

• A License issued under this code shall be valid for a period of five years



• Higher rate of penalty for violations.

• An offence leading to the death of an employee will be punishable with imprisonment

of upto 2 years , or a fine upto 5 lakh rupees, or both.

• For any other violation, where the penalty is not specified, the employer will be

penalized with a fine between 2 to 2 lakh rupees.

• Civil courts barred from hearing matters under the code

KEY ISSUES

• The new definition of “Wages” : Employers needs to understand its implications in detail.

• The new definition of “Wages” : could increase the wage bill significantly for some employers

o The employer needs to review some of the traditional salary components(allowance/benefits) under the new definitions to ascertain whether each component isincluded / excluded from the definition of wages

o The above may have an impact on the cost to be incurred by companies on componentssuch as provident fund, gratuity, leave encashment, overtime, statutory bonus etc. Furtherwith these changes, the net take home of the employee may get reduced. The cost to thecompany may also increase to some extent.

o If the exclusions, allowed under the cost of wages are less than 50% in a salary structure,the “wage” under the definition could be higher.

KEY ISSUES

• Employer needs to have clarity on what amounts to “sum paid to the employed person to defrayspecial expenses” under the definition of wages.

o For instance, there is a possibility to exclude uniform maintenance allowance from the definitionof “wages” for entities having a company policy to wear uniform at workplace as per businessrequirements.

• The review of compensation / salary structures remain a highly components specific exercise and nohard and fast rules be applied unless the stipulated factors for respective components suggest theneed for exclusion or are specifically excluded.

• Under the Code of Social Security, 2020 gratuity will have to be paid on the basis of the definition ofwages for the entire tenure of employment of the employees (including the past period). This mayresult in a substantial increase in the cost to the company on account of the incremental base onwhich gratuity will be calculated.

• The provisioning for gratuity, including contributions to be made by the company, will have to be doneaccordingly, based on the actuarial valuation as per the terms of gratuity policy of the respectiveentity.

BUDGETING & COST CONTROL

• Cap the gratuity scheme to INR 20 Lacs, if there is no such cap?

• Provisions for Gratuity Gratuity

• Bring down the leave accumulations limits?

• Encash leaves before Labour Code kick in?Leave Encashment

• PF Contributors at statutory limits for ne employees (INR 15,000 per month)?Provident Fund

• Review existing compensation structure & reallocate components ?Compensation Structure

• Review of existing employment contracts / policies to understand the implications

Review of Contracts / Policies / Practices

KEY SUGGESTIONS FOR EMPLOYER

• Set up an internal Task-Force (HR, Legal, Finance, etc) to review various aspectsof the labour codes along with the labour law experts

• Financial impact assessments on various scenarios – Wage / Social SecuritySchemes / Fixed Term Employee / Consultants etc

• Realign components of salary, if required as per the Code of Wages, 2019 tocomply with law.

• Incorporate Labour Code impact within 2021 salary budgets

• Assess Technology readiness

• Representations to the Govt through trade/ industry associations, as applicable

• Focus on 100% Compliance

RETHINKING MUST BY GOVERNMENT

• Wage Definition : Total excluded components not to exceed 75% instead of 50%

• Enhanced Gratuity Calculations : Implementation with prospective effect

• Lay-off, Retrenchment and closure permissions for industrial establishmentshaving more than 1000 workers

• Sole Bargaining Agent : Secret Ballot by Labour Department in case of multipleunions

• Excluding Managerial and Supervisory Associates from the purview of overtime,if intended

• Eliminating inconsistency (between Social Security and IT Codes) as regardspayment of gratuity to fixed term employees

• Changing the effective date of implementation to 1st July 2021.

Thank You..

Ashok B Nawal

[email protected]

Mobile No: 9890165001

Documents

LABOUR REFORMS NEED OF NEW HR STRATEGIES