LAB MANUAL - Ma’din poly

LAB MANUAL

COMPUTER APPLICATION LAB (5019)

COMPUTER APPLICATION LAB Civil Engineering Department

MA’DIN POLITECHNIC COLLEGE Page 2

5019-COMPUTER APPLICATION

LAB

SEMESTER - V

LAB MANUAL

Department of Civil Engineering

Ma’din Polytechnic College

Malappuram, India – 676517



LIST OF EXPERIMENT

NO.S NAME OF EXPERIMENT

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS IN COMPUTER APPLICATION LAB

Structural Design Package – STAAD.Pro, MS Excel

1 ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE BEAM

2 ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM

3 ANALYSIS OF A FRAME

4 DESIGN OF SIMPLE BEAM

5 DESIGN OF A FRAME

6 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

Project Management Package – MS Project

1 INTRODUCTION TO MS PROJECT

2 SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION PLAN

3 ASSIGNING RESOURCES AND LINKING TASKS

4 COMPLETION TIME AND CRITICAL PATH

Estimator package - MS Excel

1 ESTIMATION AND ABSTRACT OF COST

Surveying & MS Excel, AutoCAD

1 PROFILE LEVELLING

2 CUT AND FILL VOLUMES FOR EARTHWORKS



Exp No: 1 Date:

INTRODUCTION TO MS PROJECT

AIM

To familiarize the basic operations like task and duration in MS Project Professional 2016

SOFTWARE USED

Microsoft Project Professional 2016

THEORY

Project: Project is a temporary effort to create a unique product or a new service.

Project Manager must have complete knowledge of Product to be developed before

defining the scope (Cost, Time, Resources) of the project. A good Project Manager is

one who completes the project in time, within budget and as per customer

satisfaction.

A Project converts a vision, a dream or a need to reality.

A job that has a beginning and an end (Time)

A specified outcome (Scope)

At a stated level of performance (Quality)

At a budget (Cost)

Two basic things for completion of a project are

1. Material resources

2. Man power resources

Management: It is the technique of understanding the problems, needs and controlling

the use of resources, cost, time, scope and quality.

Project Management: It is the application of knowledge, skills, tools & techniques to

project activities in order to meet stakeholder needs & expectations from a project.

Technology deals with material resources whereas management deals with both

material resources as well as man power resources.



Project Management Software: Primavera, MS Project, etc

Why do companies use Project Management?

To handle projects effectively in an organization.

To define the project and agree with the customer

To plan and assess resource needs for the project

To estimate project cost and make proposals

To plan & schedule activities in a project.

To allocate the right resource at the right time.

To assess risk and failure points and make backup plans.

To lead a project team effectively and communicate well among team members.

Microsoft Project

Microsoft Project is a project management software program developed and sold by

Microsoft, designed to assist a project manager in developing a schedule, assigning

resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing the budget, and analyzing workloads.

USER INTERFACE OF MS PROJECT

MS Project interface consists of following tabs and ribbons

1. Quick Access Toolbar − A customizable area where you can add the frequently

used commands.

2. Ribbons interface area – where tools are placed in organised groups.

3. Commands − The specific features used to perform actions. Each tab contains

several commands. Pointing at a command, its description is available in a

toolpit.

4. View Label − This appears along the left edge of the active view. Active view

is the one you can see in the main window at a given point in time. Project

includes lots of views like Gantt Chart view, Network Diagram view, Task

Usage view, etc. The View label just tells you about the view you are using

currently. Project can display a single view or multiple views in separate panes.

5. View Shortcuts − This lets you switch between frequently used views in Project.

6. Zoom Slider − Simply zooms the active view in or out.

7. Status bar − Displays details like the scheduling mode of new tasks (manual or

automatic) and details of filter applied to the active view.



PROJECT INFORMATION

To add project start date and other information

related to it. Step 1 – Set the Start Date

Click Project tab → Properties Group → Project Information.

A dialog box appears. In the start date box, type DD/MM/YY, or click the down arrow

to display the calendar, select any date. Click OK to accept the start date.



Step 2 − Set up Calendar: 24 hours / Night Shift /

Standard

24 Hour − A calendar with no non-working time.

Night Shift − Covers 11 PM to 8 AM, night shifts covering all nights from Monday

to Friday, with one hour breaks.

Standard − Regular working hours, Monday to Friday between 8 AM to 5 PM, with

one hour breaks.

Step 3 − Adding Exceptions to Calendar

Click Project tab → Properties Group → Change Working Time.

Exceptions are used to modify a Project calendar to have a non-standard workday or a

non- working day (Holiday). It allots unique working hours for a particular resource

as well. Eg:- a holiday or office celebrations or events other than the standard office

works.





CHANGE FILE PROPERTIES

File properties contains version, security and other file details regarding the project. To add:

1. Launch MS Project

2. Click File Tab. Under Info Tab go to Project Information. Click arrow near

Project Information to click Advanced Properties. A dialog box opens, you can

type in the changes as required. Click OK and don‟t forget to save by clicking

on Save.

SWITCH TO A DIFFERENT VIEW

A view is a working place in MS Project where you can enter, edit, display and analyse

information of the project plan.

IMPORTANT VIEWS IN MS PROJECT:

1. Gantt Chart View

It is a default view which gives information about tasks, duration of each task,

starting and finishing dates and resources allocated to that specific task.

2. Resource Sheet view

Elaborates all available recourses allocated to a project in a sheet format. It

doesn‟t tell which tasks are assigned to which resource.

3. Resource Usage view

It groups the tasks against each resource.

4. Task Usage view



It shows details about each task that which task is assigned to whom and

working schedule of each resource.

5. Calendar view

Tasks bars appear on the days they are scheduled to start.

6. Network Diagram view

It shows relationship among tasks and also the dependencies

PROJECT PLAN:

A project plan is a model which is constructed based on some of the following aspects

of real project.While starting a new project, Project Manager must have answers to the

following important questions in his/her mind to produce deliverable of the project:

1. What tasks must be performed?

2. What will be the order / sequence of the execution of these tasks?

3. When should each task be performed? (schedule)

4. Who will complete a specific task? (resource assignment)

5. How much will it cost? (Cost Calculation/budget)

6. What if some task will not be completed as scheduled? (Tracking & Managing tasks)

7. What is the best way to communicate the project details to those who have

interest in the project? (Views, Reports & Graphs)



THREE PHASES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1. Project Planning : Plan is made and strategies are set, taking into

consideration the company‟s policies, procedure and rules.

2. Project Scheduling: Allocation of resources

3. Project Controlling: Reviewing the difference between the schedule and actual

performance once the project has begun.

PLAN

A plan is a detailed action-oriented, experience and knowledge-based exercise which

considers all elements of strategy, scope, cost, time, resources, quality and risk for the

project.

SCHEDULE

Scheduling is the science of using mathematical calculations and logic to generate

time effective sequence of task considering any resource and cost constraints.

Schedule is part of the Plan. It means listing of a project's milestones, tasks/activities,

and deliverables, with start and finish dates. Of course the schedule is linked with

resources, budgets and dependencies.

TASKS

Tasks are the most basic building blocks of any project.

Tasks represent the work to be done to accomplish the goals of the project.

Tasks describe project work in terms of sequence, duration and resource requirement

Defining the right tasks to create the right deliverables (product) is must. Tasks listed

in a project should describe all of the work required to complete the project

successfully.

DURATION



A duration of the task is the estimated amount of time it will take to complete a task.



MILESTONES

A milestone is a check point in your project that must occur but does not take any time.

Because the milestone normally does not include any work, so presented as task with

ZERO duration. They are used as major progress points to manage project success and

stakeholder expectations. They are primarily used for review, inputs and budgets.

In a Task entry table, enter a name for milestone and in the duration field enter

„0‟ day and then press “ENTER”. It creates a milestone.

Eg:- An approval or sign‑ off before the project can

proceed Milestones will be represented as a

rhombus in Gantt chart.

SUMMARY TASK:

The highest level of a plan‟s outline structure is called the Project Summary Task,

which encompasses the entire project schedule. A bunch of related tasks rolled up

together to organize the plans to phases. There are several number of sub-tasks under

any higher level task. These higher level tasks are called Summary Task. At an even

higher level, they are called Phases.

DURATION OF SUMMARY TASK:

Summary task is not a separate task entity but a phase of the project with several sub-

tasks in it, the duration of the summary task is from the start of the first sub-task to the

finish of the last sub-task. This will be automatically calculated by MS Project.

RECURRING TASKS

A recurring task is any task that occurs at regular intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, or

yearly) during the course of a project. Examples of such tasks might be weekly visits

to a project site, daily preparation of project status reports, or monthly meetings with

members of the project team.



TASK RELATIONSHIPS OR LINK TASKS:

When you enter tasks initially, Project schedules each task to begin on the project start

date and to run for the task duration. You may, however, want your tasks to occur in a

particular sequence.

1. Predecessor task - A task that must start or finish before another task can start

or finish is called a predecessor task.

2. Successor task - A task that cannot start or finish until another task starts or

finishes is called a successor task.

POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS (LINKS) AMONG DIFFERENT TASKS ARE:

Finish-to-Start (FS) – Default, commonly used

Start-to-Start (SS) (having same start dates)

Finish-to-Finish (FF) (having same finish dates)

Start-to-Finish (SF) (rarely used)

Task

Relationship Meaning Gantt Chart Example

Finish-to- Start(FS)

The finish date of the

predecessor task determines the

start date of successor task.

Painting is done

after plastering is

completed.

Start-to- Start(SS)

The start date of the predecessor

task determines the start date of

successor task.

Slab works of upper

floors and plastering

in down floors can

do simultaneously.

Finish-to- Finish(FF)

The finish date of the

predecessor task determines the

finish date of the successor task.

Tasks that require

specific equipment

must end when the

equipment rental

ends.

Start-to- Finish(SF)

The start date of the predecessor

task determines the finish date of

successor task.

In water cycle, if

condensation starts,

evaporation ends.

ORGANIZE TASKS INTO PHASES



Organize groups of closely related tasks

Duration, start date or other calculated values of a summery task cannot be changed

o Select the names of tasks to become subtasks of a summary task

o Task Schedule Indent

RESULT

Familiarized the basic operations like tasks and duration in MS Project 2016.



Exp No: 2 Date:

SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION PLAN IN MS PROJECT

AIM

To do a simple construction plan and print it using Microsoft Project Professional 2016

SOFTWARE USED


PROCEDURE

1. Open Microsoft Project Project 2016 and save the file (can be saved in

previous formats if required) with a file name.

2. Create a New Project and Save the file using suitable name

3. Set the „Project Information‟ details.

Go to „Project‟ „Project Properties‟ ribbon „Project information‟

● Title of the Project

● Manager of the Project

● Company Information

Set the starting and current date. Choose the type of calendar(Standard).

4. Set working and non-working time

a. The project calendar defines the general working & non-working time for tasks.

Project Properties ribbon Change Working Time

i. Select the base calendar (Normally standard)

ii. In the Name field on Exception tab, enter a descriptive name for

the non- working time, such as Holiday.

iii. In the Start and Finish fields, type or select the start and finish

dates for the non-working time span.

iv. Active “Work Weeks” tab and then click Details button to change the

v. default non-working days and timing. Click OK.

5. Enter the name of tasks

a. Go to the „Task Name‟ column and enter the „Task Name‟.

b. Press „Tab key‟ to change to next cell, add duration of that task.



Duration of the task can be calculated based on historical information

from previous similar projects, interviewing people who have worked

on similar tasks, expert judgment of those who have completed similar

projects

c. Press „Tab key‟, add start and finish dates.

d. Enter all „Tasks‟ with duration. MS Project automatically assigns the dates.

e. Organize Tasks into Phases.

6. To auto schedule all the cells, click on the cell near to „Indicators‟. Then go ot „Task‟

„Tasks‟ ribbon Select „Auto Schedule‟. Gantt chart colour becomes dark blue.



7. Link the adjacent and non-adjacent tasks

a. For Adjacent tasks:

i. Select the adjacent tasks

ii. Tasks Schedule Link tasks

b. For non-adjacent Tasks:

i. Select the first which will be the predecessor (to be followed by) task.

ii. Hold the „Ctrl‟ key, select the second task, it will be the

successor (following) task.

iii. Tasks Schedule Link tasks

8. Check the Project Plan‟s duration and statistics. Edit duration appropriately

based on previous experiences and knowledge.

9. Display projects entire duration in „Gantt Chart view‟. Scale the Gantt chart

appropriately and print it in an A3 sheet.

RESULT

Simple construction plan is done and printed using Microsoft Project Professional 2016



Exp No: 3 Date:

ASSIGNING RESOURCES AND LINKING TASKS

AIM

To assign man and equipment resources to a project; and to estimate the completion

time and cost of a simple construction project using Project 2016.

SOFTWARE USED


RESOURCES:

MS Project works with three types of resources: work, material and cost. Work

Resources are the Individual People can be identified by their Name (like Mr. Ahmad)

or designation (like Manager) and group of people resources can be defined by their

common skills like programmers. People and equipment that do the work of the

project. Optimum Resource Scheduling is the key to successful project management.

RESOURCE TYPES

1. Work resources − People and equipment to complete the tasks.

2. Cost resources − Financial cost associated with a task. Travel

expenses, food expenses, etc.

3. Material resources − Consumables used as project proceeds. For example,

paint being used while painting a wall.

Resource Example

Work resource as an identified person Aman, Vishnu, John

Work resource as a job function or group Engineer, Coordinator, Typist

Work resource as an equipment Lathe machine, Earth mover



ADJUST TASK LINK RELATIONSHIP

1. lick Task Tab → double-click the required task under Task Name column → Task Information dialog box opens → Predecessors Tab.

2. Click the box under the Type column and choose the relationship according to

your requirement.

3. Apply Lead and Lag

Lead − Lead time causes successor task to begin before its predecessor tasks ends.

Lag − Lag time causes successor task to start after its predecessor task ends.

a. By default, when we link tasks they are assigned “Finish to Start” relationship.

b. Click Task Tab → double-click the required Task under Task Name

column → Task Information dialog box opens → Predecessors Tab.

RECURRING TASK

Status meetings, status reports, inspection dates can recur with a particular frequency.

a. Gantt Chart View → Task Tab → Insert → dropdown box for Task →

Recurring Task.

b. Enter Task Name and choose Recurrence pattern.



PROCEDURE

10. Open Microsoft Project 2010 and save the file (can be saved in previous

formats if required) with a file name.

11. Fill the project information – File Project Information Advanced properties

12. Go to View menu Resource views Resource sheet

a. In the Resource Name field, enter the resource‟s name

b. In the Type field, select the type (Work/Material/cost).

c. In the Max. Units field, type or click the maximum capacity of this

resource to accomplish any work in terms of %.

d. Enter any other useful information related to your project

e. Repeat these steps for each resources.



13. Once the task and resource list are complete, resources need to be assigned to

tasks in order to work on them.

a. Click View Tab → Gantt Chart View → Resource Name column.

b. Click the box below the Resource Name column for the task you

need the resource to be assigned.

c. From the dropdown, choose the resource or material names.

14. After assigning resources to tasks you can view the cost, duration and work

required for the plan to complete.

a. To see the plan‟s start and finish dates, see the „Timeline‟

b. To see the plan‟s cost, Click View tab → Data group → Tables → Cost.



15. To get the total cost of project, Format menu → Show/Hide → „Project Summary Task‟.

RESULT

Learned to add man and material resources to a

project. Total cost of the project is obtained as

Rs. 59.690/-



Exp No: 4 Date:

COMPLETION TIME AND CRITICAL PATH

AIM

To find the critical path of a project in MS Project Professional 2016

SOFTWARE USED

MS Project Professional 2016

CRITICAL PATH

The critical path is the longest sequence of activities in a project plan which must be

completed on time for the project to complete on due date.

An activity on the critical path cannot be started until its predecessor activity is

complete; if it is delayed for a day, the entire project will be delayed for a day unless

the activity following the delayed activity is completed a day earlier.

If any of the activities on the critical path change, the end date of the project will be affected.

The word “critical” does not mean that the tasks are complex or important or need

to be closely monitored, but the focus is on terms schedule that will affect the

project finish date.

If you want to shorten the duration of a project, you should first start with

activities/tasks on the critical path.

Critical path is the longest path through a network of activities, which in-turn, determines the

shortest time possible to complete all tasks in the network (i.e. the shortest time to complete

the project).

The critical path in this example is A → B → E → F.



There are three possible paths in the network, with one being the

longest: A → B → C → F = 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 5 days

A → B → D → F = 1 + 2 + 0.5 + 1 = 4.5 days

A → B → E → F = 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 6 days (longest path)

SLACK OR FLOAT

Slack or Float are key to understanding Critical path. There are two types of

Float –

a. Free Float − It is the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying another task.

b. Total Float − It is the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the

completion of the project.

Estimated finish date and time details can be noted from the timeline.

DEFINITIONS

Early Start – The earliest time that an activity can start according to the logical constraints.

Duration – The estimated time to undertake the activity.

Early Finish – The earliest time that an activity can finish according to logical constraints.

Late Start – The latest time that an activity can start according to logical

constraints and without affecting the overall project duration.

Float – The time by which an activity may be delayed without affecting the overall

project duration.

Late Finish – The latest time that an activity can finish according to logical

constraints and without affecting the overall project duration.



PROCEDURE

1. Open Microsoft Project 2010 and save the project file (.mpp)

2. Set the currency units and default settings

File Options Display Currency

3. Fill the project information

File Project Information Advanced properties

1. Title

2. Manager

3. Company Name, etc

4. Set the start and finish dates

a. Set the calendar

5. Set working and non-working time

a. Specify holidays

b. Specify working hours

6. Enter tasks and sub tasks in the „Task Name‟ column with suitable indentation.

a. Auto schedule the tasks.

b. Link the adjacent tasks.

c. Add predecessor details.

i. Add lag or lead details

d. Enter duration for

each tasks.

7. Add man and material resources to resource sheet.

a. Add Resource name

b. Type

c. Standard rates

d. Over time rates

e. Fixed cost, etc

8. Display the critical path of the project

a. Format menu → Bar Styles Group → Check the Critical Tasks box ON.

9. Display and print the Gantt chart view and Network diagram for the entire

project with its resource sheet in an A3 Sheet.



RESULT

Estimated completion time for the project is found from timeline as 2018 Mar

18. The critical path is found and is indicated in the report.



Exp No: 5 Date:

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE BEAM USING STAAD.PRO

AIM

To familiarize the user interface and analyse a simple beam using STAAD.Pro

SOFTWARE USED

STAAD.Pro

THEORY

STAAD or (STAAD.Pro) is a STructural Analysis And Design Program developed by

Bentley Systems for the analysis and design of commercial buildings, bridges and

highway structures, industrial structures, chemical plant structures, dams, retaining

walls, turbine foundations, culverts and other embedded structures, etc. It is one of the

first software applications in the world made for the purpose of helping the structural

engineers to automate their work, to eliminate the tedious and lengthy procedures of

the manual methods.

STRUCTURE

When a body is subjected to a system of loads and deformation takes place and the

resistance is set up against the deformation, then the body is known as structure. The

structure are means of transferring forces and moments.

ANALYSIS

Calculation of the response of structures to actions. Analysis is performed to calculate

1. Stress distribution

2. Displacement

3. Critical buckling loads



METHODS OF ANALYSIS

1. Force method (Forces are unknown)

a. Clayperon‟s theorem of three moments

b. Matrix flexibility method

c. Consistent deformation method and Strain energy method.

2. Displacement Method (Displacements are unknowns)

a. Slope deflection method

b. Matrix stiffness method

c. Moment distribution method

d. FEM and Kani‟s method

TYPES OF STRUCTURES

1. Statically determinate - When the equations of statistics are enough to

determine all the forces acting on the structures, in the structures, then, the

structures are known as statistically determinate structures.

2. Statically indeterminate structures - When the equations of statistical

equilibrium are not sufficient to determine all forces acting on the structure

and in the structures, then the structures are known as Statistically

Indeterminate Structures. The equations of consistent deformations are added

to the equations of equilibrium inorder to analyse the Statistically

Indeterminate Structures.

STAAD Pro provides 4 different structure types

Type of

Structure Details

Space 3D framed structure with loads applied in any plane (The most general).

Plane 2D structure framed in the X-Y plane with loads in the same plane

Floor 2D or 3D structure having no horizontal (global X or Z) movement of the

structure (FX, FZ & MY, are restrained at every joint)



Truss

Any structure consists of truss members only, which can have only axial

member forces and no bending in the members Columns can also be modelled

with the floor in a FLOOR structure as long as the structure has no horizontal

loading. If there is any horizontal load, it must be analysed as a SPACE

structure.



GUI (GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE)INTERFACE OF STAAD.PRO

GUI Interface of STAAD.Pro

STAAD Pro METHEDOLOGY



WHAT ARE NODES, BEAMS, AND PLATES?

Node

Stiffed joint with 6 reactions. It is located at each end of Beam, and each corner

of Plate. Nodes considered the essence of the Geometry of any structure in

STAAD.Pro. Each Node will hold the following information:

Node Number.

Node Coordinate in XYZ space

Beam

Any member in the structure. It can be beam, column, bracing member, or truss

member. Each Beam will hold the following information:

• Beam Number.

The Node numbers at its ends.

Plate

a thin shell with multi-nodded shape

Starting from 3 nodes, and more. It can be anything of slab, wall, or raft

foundation. Each Plate will hold the following information:

• Plate Number.

• Node Numbers at each corner of it.

PROCEDURE:

1) STARTING THE PROGRAM

1. Start STAAD.Pro by double clicking on the icon



2. Click New Project Tick “ Space” Add „File Name‟ and choose location

Change Length Units to “Meter” and Force units “Kilo Newton” Click

„Next‟.

3. Tick “ Add Beam” Click „Finish‟.



2) GENERATING THE MODEL GEOMETRY

Select geometry from menu bar and click on „Nodes‟ or we can add Nodes

directly in the Grid that appears in the main window.

4. Click on to View from +Z. [Can consider it as the Front view]

5. Draw the beam length using Snap Node.

3) SPECIFY MEMBER PROPERTIES

6. From the file menu go to

Commands Member property Prismatic

Rectangle YD = 0.4 m

ZD = 0.3 m

Click, Add Close

Click, Assign to view Assign

Close (Click „Yes‟ when

prompted to continue.)



4) SPECIFY SUPPORT TYPES

7. Commands Support specifications Fixed

Click Add Select support 2 Assign to view

Assign

(Click „Yes‟ when prompted to proceed)



5) SPECIFY MEMBER LOADS

8. To specify member loads, go to

Commands Loading Primary Load Give title (and type)

Add (In case more types of loads like u.d.l, u.v.l, etc, Add

them too.)

9. From the „Data Area‟,

Click „New‟ Load items Member Load Concentrated force Provide

values of P, d1 and d2 Click Add Close.

Note: Provide Negative (-) sign for vertical

loading Similarly do same for all other

loadings.

Select the added load from the „Load and Definition‟ window in the data area.



Select the load Assign to view Assign

Close (Click „Yes‟ when prompted to

continue)

10. Scale the plotted beam loads as required. Goto toolbar

Scale Point Force (50), Dist.Force (25)

ApplyOK This will scale the length of the loads

to eye view clarity.

11. Add Load values : Scale Labels Load values Apply OK.

The beam will display in main window. Eg:-



12. Add Dimensions

Click Dimension Dimension to View Display Close

6) ANALYSIS

Analysis consists of three phases – Pre-Analysis, Analysis, Post Analysis

13. Start Analysing the beam

Pre-Analysis:

Commands Pre- Analysis Print Member Information To View OK.

14. Analysis:

Commands Analysis Perform Analysis All or No Print OK.



15. Result Analysis:

Commands Post Analysis Analysis Results Yes

OK Commands Analyze Run Analysis

16. Results:

Mode Post processing Result view options Apply

OK. Click „View Output file‟ Done.



It displays detailed output report. Print the full analysis report.

7) STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS

17. View structure diagrams

View Structure diagrams Loads and Results Apply OK.



18. To get the various diagrams like SFD,

BMD, etc. Result toolbar:

This may not visible like this. This is incorporated in toolbar as below.

Click on required icons to get various result diagrams.

Results View Values Beam results Ranges All

Go to the next tab – Beam Results Tick the required data

Annotate (You need to ON SFD and BMD or it will ask to ON

automatically)

Click OK Close.

19. Analysis part is completed.

RESULT

Analysed a simple beam and plotted various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro



Exp No: 6 Date:

ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM USING STAAD.Pro

AIM

To analyse a cantilever beam and to plot various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro

SOFTWARE USED

STAAD.Pro

PROCEDURE

1. Start a „New Project‟ in STAAD.Pro application.

2. Generate the model geometry of the cantilever by using „Snap Nodes‟ in „Grid space‟.

3. Specify the member properties of the cantilever beam.

4. Specify the fixed support position and assign it to the member generated.

5. Specify member loads on the cantilever beam. To view dimensions and load

details, labelling is done.

6. Go to the Analysis of cantilever – Pre-Analysis, Analysis, and Post Analysis.

Finally Analyze Run Analysis

7. Generate Results: Mode Post processing Result view options Apply OK

8. Generate structural diagrams and print them.

9. Analysis is completed.

RESULT

Analysed a cantilever beam and to plotted various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro



Exp No: 7 Date:

ANALYSIS OF A CONTINUOUS BEAM USING STAAD.Pro

AIM

To analyse a continuous beam and to plot various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro

SOFTWARE USED

STAAD.Pro

PROCEDURE


2. Generate the model geometry of the continuous beam using „Snap Nodes‟

in „Grid space‟.

3. Specify the member properties of the beam.

4. Specify the fixed support position and assign it to the member generated.

5. Specify member loads on the beam. To view dimensions and load details,

labelling is done.

6. Go to the Analysis of continuous beams – Pre-Analysis, Analysis, and Post

Analysis. Finally Analyze Run Analysis is done.




RESULT

Analysed a continuous beam and plotted various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro



Exp No: 8 Date:

ANALYSIS OF A FRAME USING STAAD.Pro

AIM

To analyse a frame and to plot various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro

SOFTWARE USED

STAAD.Pro

PROCEDURE


2. Generate the model geometry of the frame using „Snap Nodes‟ in „Grid space‟.

3. Specify the member properties of the elements.

4. Specify the supports and assign it to the members generated.


labelling is done.

6. Go to the Analysis frame – Pre-Analysis, Analysis, and Post Analysis.

Finally Analyze „Run Analysis‟ is done.




RESULT

Analysed a frame and plotted various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro



Exp No: 9 Date:

ANALYSIS OF A FRAME WITH SWAY USING STAAD.Pro

AIM

To analyse a frame with sway and to plot various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro

SOFTWARE USED

STAAD.Pro

PROCEDURE


2. Generate the model geometry of the frame with sway using „Snap Nodes‟

in „Grid space‟.




labelling is done.






RESULT

Analysed a frame with sway and plotted various structural diagrams using STAAD.Pro



Exp No: 10 Date:

DESIGN OF SIMPLE BEAM USING STAAD.PRO

AIM

To design a simple beam using STAAD.Pro

SOFTWARE USED

STAAD.Pro

PROCEDURE:

1) STARTING THE PROGRAM

20. Start STAAD.Pro by double clicking on the icon

21. Click New Project Tick “ Space” Add „File Name‟ and choose location

Change Length Units to “Meter” and Force units “Kilo Newton” Click „Next‟.

22. Tick “ Add Beam” Click „Finish‟.

2) GENERATING THE MODEL GEOMETRY

23. Click on to View from +Z. [Can consider it as the Front view]

24. Draw the beam length using Snap Node.

3) SPECIFY MEMBER PROPERTIES

25. From the file menu go to

Commands Member property Prismatic

Rectangle YD = 0.45 m

ZD = 0.23 m

Click, Add Close

Click, Assign to view Assign

Close (Click „Yes‟ when

prompted to continue.)



4) SPECIFY SUPPORT TYPES

26. Commands Support specifications Fixed Click Add

Select support 2 Assign to view

Assign (Click „Yes‟ when prompted

to proceed)

5) SPECIFY MEMBER LOADS

27. Add self-weight and member loads.

Commands Loading Primary Load Give title (and type) Add

(1) To specify self-weight:

In the „Load & Definition‟ window Click New Load items Self-weight

Then Assign each loads to the member.

Select the load Assign to view Assign

Close (Click „Yes‟ when prompted to

continue)

28. Scale the plotted beam loads as required. Goto toolbar

Scale Point Force (50), Dist.Force (25)

ApplyOK This will scale the length of the loads



to eye view clarity.

29. Add Load values : Scale Labels Load values Apply OK.



30. Add Dimensions

Click Dimension Dimension to View Display Close

6) ANALYSIS

Analysis consists of three phases – Pre-Analysis, Analysis, Post Analysis

Start Analysing the beam

31. Pre-Analysis:

Commands Pre- Analysis Print Member Information To View OK.

32. Analysis:

Commands Analysis Perform Analysis

All or No Print OK.

33. Result Analysis:

Commands Post Analysis Analysis Results Yes

OK Commands Analyze Run Analysis

34. Results:

Mode Post processing Result view options Apply

OK. Click „Go to post processing mode‟ Done.

7) STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS

35. View structure diagrams

View Structure diagrams Loads and Results Apply OK.

36. To get the various diagrams like SFD, BMD, etc.

Results View Values Beam results Ranges All

Go to the next tab – Beam Results Tick the required data

Annotate (You need to ON SFD and BMD or it will ask to ON

automatically)



8) DESIGN

37. Go to Commands Design Concrete

Design Change „Current Code‟ to „IS

456‟

38. Click on Select parameters ( )

Click on symbol „<<‟ Add necessary parameters like clear, Fc, Fymain, etc.



39. Click on Define Parameters ( )

Add values for each parameter as below

Clear = 0.03 m

Fc = 25000 kN/m2 (If mix is M25)

Fymain = 41500 kN/m2 (If steel bar used is

Fe415) If more parameters are added, give suitable

values.

Note: Click „Add‟ after each Close

40. Assign these parameters to the member

Select the parameter in „Concrete Design‟ window Assign to view



41. Click on „Commands‟ ( )

Add the required design requirements. Here we have a beam only. So we

add two terms. (1) DESIGN BEAM and (2) TAKE OFF.

42. Again come back to „Concrete Design‟ window

Click on „DESIGN BEAM‟ Assign to view Assign

43. Run Pre Analysis, Analysis, and Post Analysis again and the analyse the beam.

44. Analyze „Go to post processing mode‟

45. Come back to „Modelling‟ mode Double click the beam. It pop up a

screen showing various information about the beam.



Information includes Geometry, Property, Loading, Shear Bending, Deflection,

Concrete Design etc.



46. Print „Input File‟

Go to File View Input Command file

Copy and paste input details to MS Word and print.

47. Print STAAD Analysis Output

Go to File View STAAD Analysis Output

Copy and paste to MS Word and print required details from it.



48. The printout of below items are taken care

(1) Loading Diagram

(2) SFD

(3) BMD

(4) Deflection Pattern

(5) Input file

(6) Concrete Take Off

(7) Concrete design

49. Design of the simple beam is completed.

RESULT

Analysis and design of a simple beam is done and the required structural

drawings were obtained using STAAD.Pro.



DESIGN OF SIMPLE BEAM – DETAILS

LOADING DIAGRAM

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM (SFD)

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM (BMD)

DEFLECTION PATTERN

INPUT FILE



STAAD SPACE

START JOB

INFORMATION

ENGINEER DATE 21-

Jun-17 END JOB

INFORMATION INPUT

WIDTH 79

UNIT METER KN

JOINT

COORDINATES 1

1 5 0; 2 9 5 0;

MEMBER

INCIDENCES 1 1

2;

DEFINE MATERIAL

START ISOTROPIC

CONCRETE

E

2.17185e+0



07 POISSON

0.17

DENSITY

23.5616

ALPHA 1e-

005 DAMP

0.05

TYPE CONCRETE

STRENGTH FCU

27579



END DEFINE

MATERIAL

MEMBER

PROPERTY

1 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD

0.23 CONSTANTS

MATERIAL CONCRETE

ALL SUPPORTS

1 2 FIXED

LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD

CASE 1 SELFWEIGHT Y -1 LIST ALL

MEMBER

LOAD 1 UNI

GY -20 0 3

1 CON GY -50 6 0

PRINT MEMBER INFORMATION

ALL PRINT MEMBER

INFORMATION ALL PERFORM

ANALYSIS PRINT ALL PRINT



ANALYSIS RESULTS

START CONCRETE

DESIGN CODE INDIAN

CLEAR 0.03 ALL

FC 25000 ALL



FYMAIN 415000 ALL

DESIGN

BEAM 1

CONCRETE

TAKE

END CONCRETE DESIGN

PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT

ALL PRINT ANALYSIS

RESULTS FINISH

SUPPORT REACTIONS

DESIGN RESULTS



CONCRETE TAKE OFF



CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN DETAILS



Exp No: 11 Date:

DESIGN OF A FRAME USING STAAD.PRO

AIM

To design a simple beam using STAAD.Pro

SOFTWARE USED

STAAD.Pro

PROCEDURE:


11. Generate the model geometry of the frame using „Snap Nodes‟ in „Grid space‟.




labelling is done.




17. Generate structural diagrams and print them. Analysis is completed.

18. Design the structure : Commands Design Concrete Design

19. Select Design code as IS 456, add required parameters and design.

20. Print loading diagram, SFD, BMD, deflection pattern, input file, STAAD

Output file and concrete design with reinforcement details.

21. Design is completed

RESULT

Designed a frame and plotted various structural diagrams with design

details using STAAD.Pro



Exp No: 12 Date:

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN USING MS EXCEL

AIM

To work out concrete mix design using MS Excel

SOFTWARE USED

MS Excel

THEORY

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application that is used for basic data organization,

statistical analysis, graphing data as well as many other uses. For mix design calculation

works, MS Excel can do a lot.

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their

relative amounts with the objective of producing a concrete of the required, strength,

durability, and workability as economically as possible, is termed the concrete mix

design.

1) Start MS Excel and Set the page layout. Go to „Page Layout‟ ribbon

Size A4 Margins and Orientation can be changed as per need.

2) Check the data structure in IS 10262-2009 and Merge rows and columns as

required. It is done from complicated things to simpler. This is mind blowing task.

Select rows or columns Go to „Alignment‟ ribbon Merge & Center



3) Center, right or left align the „Texts‟ using Alignment ribbon tools. Indentation

(increase or decrease of space between the left and right margin) can also done if

needed.

4) Change complete fonts to „Times New

Roman‟. Select All (Ctrl + A) fonts

Times New Roman

5) To add Superscript in MS Excel

Select the letter to superscript Right click the mouse Format cells Tick Superscript

6) Add formula to cells : press „=‟ sign in a cell to start a formula definition.



7) Complete the details be referring to IS 10262:2000.



RESULT

Concrete Mix Design is done for M40 and the mix ratio is obtained as 1:3:3.26 with

water cement ratio 0.40.



OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Pages from IS 10262:2000 required for mix design calculations.















Exp No: 13 Date:

ESTIMATION AND ABSTRACT OF COST PREPARATION

AIM

To estimate the cost of a masonry platform 6 m x 5 m from the drawing and

specifications. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

(1) Foundation – Lime concrete

(2) Masonry – 1st class brickwork in lime mortar

(3) Flooring – 2.5 cm cement concrete over 7.5 cm lime concrete, over wall only

2.5 cm cement concrete

(4) Wall finishing – Outside walls are 12 mm cement

plastered 1:6 RATES

(1) Schedule of rates – Malappuram district

(http://keralapwd.gov.in/keralapwd/eknowledge/Upload/documents/306

http://keralapwd.gov.in/keralapwd/eknowledge/Upload/documents/3060.pdf

http://keralapwd.gov.in/keralapwd/eknowledge/Upload/documents/3060.pdf



0.pdf )



SOFTWARE USED

MS Excel

PROCEDURE:

1. Open MS Excel and save the file.

2. Set the page layout : A4, Portrait, margins.

3. Add a title to the work in the first row of excel using suitable merge and center.

4. Prepare the title row of the excel.

a. Type the data in title row

b. Freeze it:

Select the row to freeze ViewWindow Freeze panes Freeze

5. Enter the estimation data provided in respective cells.

a. Right click mouse Format cells Number

6. Using alignment tools like „merge and center‟, Left, indentation, etc, align

the data suitably so that easy understanding is obtained.



7. Use „Insert Function‟ to add formula functions to cells and to do calculations.

8. Provide borders to the required cells so that it will be displayed as a

table while prining.



9. Wrap the text so that the texts fit in a cell

a. Select the cell in which the text exceeds the cell width

b. Click on the „wrap text‟ icon in the Alignment ribbon

10. To print the file : Go to File Print Print





RESULT

Estimated the given masonry platform and prepared abstract of cost in MS Excel.

Grand total is obtained as Rs. 1,32,420/-.



Exp No: 14 Date:

PROFILE LEVELLING USING MS EXCEL

AIM

To plot the graph a plot using profile levelling in MS Excel

SOFTWARE USED

MS Excel

PROCEDURE

1. Set up the MS Excel worksheet –A4, portrait, etc.

2. Enter the data obtained from profile levelling in the excel sheet.

3. Use „Insert Function‟ method to workout summations using the formula

provided. Click on the cell to insert function and type as in below figure. It

will insert the function.

4. Complete the calculations by inserting required functions.



5. Apply checks using function.

6. Plot the profile of the plot by taking chainage (in m) along x-axis and

Reduced level (RL in m) along y-axis.

a. Select the chainage lengths Press Ctrl key Select the RL

reading corresponding to the chainage lengths.

b. Go to Insert Charts Scatter

c. Add profile title in the text box.

d. To include Axis titles (x-axis and y-axis), click on the „+‟ sign at the

right of graph plotted.

e. Change : X-Axis Chaingae, Y-Axis Reduced Level



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Chainage length (in m)

97.650

99.000

98.500

98.000

97.500

97.000

99.000

99.680 99.640 99.505

100.000

100.000

99.500

100.305 100.500

101.820 102.500

102.000

101.500

101.000

PROFILE LEVELLING R

ed

uce

d L

eve

l (in

m)



f. Add required chart elements like Data labels (To get value on each

points), Trendline (to get optimum formation level), etc.

7. The required profile is plotted.

RESULT

Plotted the graph of the plot using profile levelling in MS Excel



Exp No: 15 Date:

CUT AND FILL VOLUMES FOR EARTHWORK PROJECTS

AIM

To plot the profile of plot and to estimate the cut and fill volumes for the given

earthwork project using AutoCAD

Size of a grid : 5 m x 5 m

SOFTWARE USED

1. AutoCAD 2016

2. MS Excel

THEORY:

On construction projects it is often necessary to modify the existing ground levels to

create platforms to build on. Accurately calculating the volumes of soil that must be

removed (cut) or added (fill) to create the final ground levels is an essential part of the

planning process. Earthwork computations involve the calculation of volumes or

quantities, the determination of final grades, the balancing of cuts and fills, and the

planning of the most economical haul of material.



CROSS-SECTION METHOD

The cross section method involves plotting cross sections of the existing and proposed

levels at regular intervals across the project site. For each of the cross sections, the cut

area and the fill area is determined. The volume between each pair of sections is

estimated by multiplying the average cut or fill area of the two sections by the distance

between them. Once these volumes have been calculated for each pair of sections the

total cut and fill volumes are obtained by adding them all together.

PROCEDURE:

1. Set up AutoCAD worksheet and set units to meters.

2. Draw a rectangle with dimension 40 m x 20 m.

a. EXPLODE it

3. Complete the grid shape using offset at a specific distance of 5 m.

4. Go to 3D mode and take isometric view.

5. Assume a suitable formation level and draw the elevations of each

above/below the formation level.

6. Join the end points of these elevation lines.

7. Find area of each cross section – cut and fill areas – and note it in an excel sheet.

8. Create LAYERs of CUT, FILL. Colour them suitably.

9. Using Network tool, create the 3D profile of complete grids in the drawing.

10. Transfer the complete cut portions to CUT layer and fill portions to FILL layer.

11. Hold Shift key and rotate the 3D drawing to get an appropriate view and print it.

12. Complete the cut and fill volumes from the excel.

RESULT:

Plotted the 3D profile of given plot and estimated the cut and fill volumes for

the given earthwork project using AutoCAD



Documents

LAB MANUAL - Ma’din poly