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8/18/2019 L2 Class- Management of MSW
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EEM 607A
Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management2015-16 II
L2 - Topic 1: Management of MSW
Instructor: Anubha Goel
[email protected], x7027
Lecture: T 10:30 - 12:00; Th 12:00 - 13:30; WL
237 LAB : null
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Municipal Solid Waste(Domestic, Commercial)
Industrial, AgriculturalMining Solid Waste
Solid Waste
Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste
Revision: Types of Solid Waste
3
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Life Cycle of Solid Waste
• Generation
• Collection
• Transport
• Treatment
• Disposal
“We do not consume materials; we merely use
them and ultimately return them to the
environment, often in an altered state.” 4
Revision
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SWM Fundamentals:
Handling: Non-hazardous solid waste must be
kept separate from hazardous solid waste.
Mixing of hazardous and non-hazardous
solid waste will result in the entire waste being
categorized as hazardous.
Management: must be managed as per the
relevant rules which are applicable
•Non hazardous - Solid Waste ManagementRules
•Hazardous -Hazardous Waste Management
Rules. These rules are generally more
stringent than solid waste management rules. 5
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Examples of earliest known SWM
Programs
• India:
• Indus valley: city of Mahenjodaro had houses
with rubbish chutes
• Harappa – houses with toilets and drains
• China: By 200 BC, cities with “sanitary police”
whose job it was to enforce waste disposal laws.
• Rome: in 14 AD: waste collection program
6
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L2 ContentTopic 1 Management of MSW
• Characterization of components
• Factors affecting nature and amount of SW
generated
• Variation in % composition based on – location annual generation rate across
different countries, geographical locations
– SWM in low / high income countries• A. MSW Generation and Collection
– Calculation of amount generated in an area
– Collection Systems7
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Characterization of
MSW
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Characterization of MSW:
MSW (Commercial + Domestic) is heterogeneous in nature.
MSW can further be sub-divided into the following categories:
• Standard MSW: Residential and commercial wastes excluding special
items, hazardous wastes and some others - (~65 percent by weight)
• Bulky items (Furniture, mattress, consumer electronics, white
goods, yard waste collected separately, and tires)
(~ 5 percent by weight)
• Hazardous wastes (Oil-based paint, solvents, pesticides, cleaners,
acids/bases, petroleum products, oils, batteries)
(~0.1 percent by weight)
• Construct ion and demolition wastes (~14 percent by weight):
•Municipal services waste (street sweeping, tree and landscaping, etc.)
(~10 percent by weight)
• Water/wastewater treatment plant sludge (~6 percent by weight)9
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Components of Standard MSW:
Organic:• Food wastes
• Paper
• Cardboard
• Plastics
• Textiles• Rubber
• Leather
• Wood
• Yard waste
Inorganic:
• Glass
• Tin cans
• Aluminum
• Other metals
• Dirt, ash etc.
10
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Low Income Medium Income High Income
OrganicFood Wastes 40-85 20-65 6-30
Paper
1-10 8-30
20-45
Cardboard 5-15
Plastics 1-5 2-6 2-8
Textiles 1-5 2-10 2-6
Rubber
1-5 1-4
0-2
Leather 0-2
Yard wastes
1-5 1-10
10-20
Wood 1-4
Inorganic
Glass 1-10 1-10 4-12
Tin cans
1-5 1-5
2-8
Aluminum 0-1
Other metal 1-4
Dirt, Ash etc. 1-40 1-30 0-10
Typical Distribut ion of Standard MSW Components :
(Excluding waste which is recycled: by percent weight)
12
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Specific Weight of MSW Components:
Sp. Wt.
(kg/m3)
Moisture
Content
(% weight)
Sp. Wt.
(kg/m3)
Moisture
Content
(% weight)
Organic Inorganic
Food Wastes 291 70 Glass 196 2
Paper 89 6 Tin cans 89 3
Cardboard 50 5 Aluminum 160 2
Plastics 65 2 Other Metals 320 3
Textiles 65 10 Dirt and Ash 481 8
Rubber 131 2 Others
Leather 160 10 Appliances 181 1
Yard wastes 101 60 Demolition 1421 4
Wood 237 20 Sludge 1000 80
13
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Some Basic Facts about MSW Generation:
• MSW mass balance• generated = produced – recycled
• Characteristics of MSW differs between
developing and developed countries.• Developing: Larger % of food waste, ash, dirt
• Developed: Larger % of paper, plastic etc.
• Due to low MSW production and efficient MSW
recycling in households / informal sector ,
MSW generation is low in developing countries.
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Some Basic Facts about MSW Generation: contd.
• With prosperity, MSW production increases andMSW recycling in informal sector / households
decreases, resulting in rapid increase in MSW
generation.
• With continued prosperity, and better
awareness, the increase in MSW production is
arrested, and formal recycling programs
become important, resulting in stabilization and
even decrease in MSW generation.
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Producer
Recycling
Recycling by
Rag-Pickers
Storage by Producers
Collection Stations
Separation by Producers
Producer Composting
Producer Incineration
MSW Production
Sold toInformal Recyclers
Municipal Collection
Storage in Community Bins
Recycling by
Rag-Pickers
I nf or m al R e c y c l i n g
Animal Feed
Eaten by Animals
Eaten by Animals
MSW Management in
Low-Income Countries
Dumped in Low-Lying Land Recycling by
Rag-Pickers
Transfer
Uncontrolled
Incineration
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Storage by Producers
Collection Stations
Separation by Producers
Garbage Disposal
(Food Waste)
MSW Production
Municipal Collection
of Recyclables1. Paper
2. Plastic
3. Glass
4. Aluminum
5. Other Metals
6. Electronic Waste
7. Appliances
(see next page)
Municipal Collection
Continued in Next Slide
Hazardous Waste Disposal
MSW Management In
High Income Countries
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Incineration
MSW
Landfill
Composting
Storage in
Transfer Stations
Processing in
Transfer Stations
From Previous Slide
Transfer
Municipal Collection
of Recyclables
Recyclables
F or m al R e c y c l i n gI n d u s t r y
InorganicOrganic
Non-Biodegradable
Organic
Biodegradable
Ash
Disposal Options
Biogas Production
Sludge
from previous page
Filling Low-
Lying Land
Treatment Plant
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Importance of solid waste
management in minds ofstudents in India
Importance of…..
SW Issues = Water issues
Source: Gobar Times,
Down to Earth, Feb 1 -15 2012
Govt. efforts in increasing
awareness
• Social messages on radio/
television
• Involvement of celebrities
• Encouragement to innovative
techniques• Upgrading existing facilities
• Ban on use of plastic bags
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24
TOPIC 1. A.
MSW GENERATION AND
COLLECTION
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25
How to calculate the amount
and volume of MSW
generated for a certain area ?
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Calculation of MSW Weight and Volume
Generated in a Certain Area
Information Required:
• Population of the Area (based on Municipal Records)
• Per capita MSW generation (by weight):
May be determined through direct measurements in the area, or a
value may be taken from published reports (~ 0.5 – 1.0 kg/capita/d
in low income countries)
• Determination of MSW characteristics: Various components, e.g.,
Standard MSW, Bulky items, Hazardous Waste, Construction and
Demolition Waste, Waste from Municipal Services and Treatment
Plant Sludge.
May be determined through direct measurements in the
area, or values may be taken from published reports
(percent weight basis, as discussed earlier)
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Information Required (Continued):
• Determination of Standard MSW characteristics
May be determined through direct measurements in the
area, or values may be taken from published reports
(percent weight basis, as discussed earlier)
• Total weight of MSW is determined as below,
Total MSW (weight basis) =(Per capita MSW Generation) X (Population of the Area)
• Weight of the Individual MSW Components are determined as
below,Weight of a Component =
(Total MSW) X (Percent Weight of that Component)
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Home Assignment 1
28
E ample Problem:
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Example Problem:
Given that the population of a certain area in a municipality is 10,500.
Per-capita MSW generation in this area was determined to be 0.73 kg per
capita per day. The percentages of various components of MSW in this
area (by weight) are as follows:
Standard MSW ~ 70 percent
Bulky Items ~ 5 percent
Hazardous Waste: ~ 0.25 percent
Construction Waste: ~ 12 percent
Municipal Services Waste: ~ 8 percentTreatment Plant Sludge: ~ remaining amount
The percentages of various components of standard MSW are as follows:
Food Waste: ~ 45 percent
Paper and Cardboard: ~ 8 percent
Plastic: ~ 2 percent
Textile: ~ 2 percent
Rubber and Leather: ~ 3 percent
Wood and Yard Waste: ~ 3 percent
Glass: ~ 5 percent
Metals: ~ 5 percent
Dirt and Ash: ~ remaining amount 29
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• For the MSW generated in the area, Calculate on per day basis
1. total weight of MSW solid waste generated
2. weight of each MSW component generated
3. total volume of MSW generated, and the volume of each MSW
component, on a m3
/day basis given the following information:(Make appropriate assumptions, as required)
Sp. Wt.
(kg/m3)
Moisture
Content
(% weight)
Sp. Wt.
(kg/m3)
Moisture
Content
(% weight)
Organic Inorganic
Food Wastes 291 70 Glass 196 2
Paper 89 6 Tin cans 89 3
Cardboard 50 5 Aluminum 160 2
Plastics 65 2 Other Metals 320 3
Textiles 65 10 Dirt and Ash 481 8
Rubber 131 2 Others
Leather 160 10 Appliances 181 1
Yard wastes 101 60 Demolition 1421 4
Wood 237 20 Sludge 1000 80
Given Specific Volumes of MSW Components:
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Given Collection Frequency of MSW is as below:
Standard MSW: dailyBulky items: weekly
Hazardous waste: monthly
Construction and Demolition: weekly
Municipal services: daily
Treatment Plant sludge: weekly
Calculate the weight and volume of various MSW components to be
collected on a daily/weekly/monthly basis, as appropriate.
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