KHOA HQC CONG NGHl

OAIMH GIA THIJC TR A IMG MOT SO LOAI O AT Ol£l\l HilXIH TROIVG M iA TAI THAIVH HOA

Ph^m Ngpc Tuin1, Hd Quang Due1 Le Thj Minh Luong1, Duong Van Vinh1

t 6 m t At

Thanh H6a thuQc vung tr6ng mia trpng diim v6i didn tich trong mia chilm khoang 30.300 ha. 6 vung nui vi trung du, 2 loai dit diln hinh chilm didn tich Ion la dat do vang tren da set va biln chat (Fs) va dat nau do trdn macma kilm vi trung tinh (Fk). Dilu tra cho thay: tren dat do vang tai huyen Thg Xuan va dat n&u do tai huydn Ngoc Lie voi nSng suit mia binh quin nien vu 2011-2012 dat 60,33-66,44 tan/ha doi voi mia to va 55,83-61,26 tin/ha doi voi mia goc, tuy nang suat dat cao hon so voi binh quan ca nuoc (61,7 tan/ha) nhung chua cao so voi tilm ning cua dja phuong, gia tri tru dudng CCS cung con d muc thip (8,70-9,03%).Qua nghten cuu budc dau da xac dinh dugc thuc trang dp phi nhidu dit va mpt so ylu to han chi ning suit, chit lugng mia nguydn lidu nhu sau: dat niu do dl bj khd han; dat do vang co dia hinh doc, chia cit; phin Ion di|n tich mia khdng co tuoi ma phu thupc chu ylu vao nuoc mua; ca 2 loai dit chua it (pH 5,9), dp phi (chit huu ca va dam) trung binh, ham lugrng lin tong so giau nhung lan dl tidu rit ngheo, kali tong sd va dl tidu rit nghdo; quan thi vi sinh vit trong dat khong cao va ngheo chung vi sinh vat phin giai lin. Trong canh tac mia, vide diu tu phin huu co dl cai tao dit chua dugc chu trgng, lugng phin bon dam, lin, kali diu d muc thip (160-170 N, 80 P20 5, 90-106 KjO) kg/ha.Tirkhda: Ciy mia, dit do vang, dat nau do, d$ phi nhieu, nang suit mia, tru dudng.

i .M t v AnbC

Thanh Hoi co diOn tich tu nhi£n 1.112.033 ha, trong d6 dit san xuat nong nghidp 248.040 ha; dat san xuat lam nghidp 553.999 ha; dat nuoi trong thuy san 10.157 ha; dat trong cay hang nam 61.200 ha; dat trong mia 30.300 ha; dat chua six dung 153.520 ha voi cic nh6m dat thich hop cho phat tri n cay luong thuc, ciy lim nghidp, cay cong nghi$p va cay an qui. Thanh Hoa co dia hinh da dang, thap dan tir T&y sang Dong, chia 3 vung ro ret la vung nui va trung du, viing dong bang va viing ven bi£n trong do viing nui va trung du co dien tich dat tu nhien Ion nhit 839.037 ha, chiefm 75,44% dien tich toan tinh; do cao trung binh viing nui 600 -700 m, do doc tren 25°; vung trung du co do cao trung binh 150 - 200 m, do doc 15-20°.

MOt so loai dit di&i hinh chi&n dien tich ldn 6 vung nui vi trung du co: dat do vang tren da set va bi&i chit (Fs) chi&n 277.168 ha va dat nau do tren macma ki£m va trung tinh (Fk) chi£m 139.273 ha phin bO chu y&i dgc theo tuy£n duong Ho Chi Minh t?u cic huyen Thp Xuin, Nggc L$c, Thudng Xuan, Nhu Thanh, Nhu Xuin, Cim Thuy. T?d cic vimg nay, ciy mia dugc danh gii li ciy trong chu luc trong vung tr6ng mia nguyen liOu cua cic nhi miy dudng

'Vi$n Tho nhudng Nong h6a

d Thanh Hoa. Vdi hinh thuc trong mia chu y£u la dOc canh trong thdi gian dai, d£n vai chuc nam, thi thuc trang do phi nhieu dat la vin d£ cap bach d$t ra cin dugc nghien cuu mot cich nghiem tuc d£ c6 nhung bien phap bao ve va sir dung dat mOt cich c6 hiOu qua.

Xuat phat tir thuc t£ tren, d£ tai nghien cuu danh gia thuc trang dO phi nhieu 2 loai dat di£n hinh trong mia la dat do vang (Fs) tai huyOn Thg Xuan va dat nau do (Fk) tai huyen Ngoc Lac, tinh Thanh Hoa da dugc ti£n hanh.

2. NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PIMP NGHBV CUU

2.1. NOi dung nghien cuu- Nghien cuu hien trang dO phi nhieu dit do

vang va dat nau do trong mia tai huyOn Thg Xuin va huyen Nggc Lac, tinh Thanh Hoa.

- Xac dinh nhung y£u to han chtf nang suat vi chat lugrng mia nguyen lieu cua 2 loai dat tren.

22. Phuong phdp nghien cuu- Thu thap so lieu thu cap tir cic co quan huu

quan.- Thu thap so lieu so cap thong qua phi£u dieu

tra nong hO nam 2012 tad 2 huyen Thg Xuin vi Nggc L$c.

N6NG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRI^N N6NG TH6N - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2014 85

KHOA HQC C6NO NOHt

- Phan tich mot so tinh chat ly, hoa va sinh hpc cua c£c mau dat nong hoa thu thap trong vung nghidn cuu.

1 «*T QUA NGNtN CM U lU A l UtfN

3.1. Ning suit vi chit lupng mia

Chi tidu danh giaDat do vang tai h. Thp Xuan Dat nau dd tai h. Ngpc Lie

'IT Xa Xuan Phu XaThoLam

Trung binh Cty Sdng Am Xa Nguydt An Trung binh

1 Nang suat mia ta, tan/ha

64,00 68,89 66,44 62,67 58,00 60,33

2 Ning suat mia gdc, tan/ha

61,33 61,19 61,26 58,75 52,92 55,83

3 Do dudng CCS, % 9,4 8,7 9,05 8,5- 8,9 8,70Nguon: So lieu sa cap thong qua phieu dieu tra ndng ho nim 2012Qua bang 1 ta thay n&ng suat trung binh mia to

cung nhu mia goc trdn dat do vang ddu cao hon trdn dat nau do, gia tri ning suat mia ta cao han la 6,11 tan/ha va mia goc la 5,36 tan/ha; do duong trung binh CCS tuy phu thupc vao giong mia, song tren dat do vang dat 9,05% cao han trdn dat nau do (8,70%).

Theo bao cao cua Cue Trong trpt, nang suat mia binh quan ca nuoc nam 2012 dat 61,7 tan/ha, trong do nang suat mia trung binh cua mien Bac dat 55,7 tan/ha va tru duong binh quan dao dong 8,5 -10 CCS.Nhu vay, tai Thanh Hoa nang suat mia trdn dat nau do dat trung binh va trdn dat do vang dat gia trj tuong duong muc binh quan cua ca nuoc nhung cao hon binh quan cua midn Bac, tuy nhien tru duong chua cao. Theo Cue Trong trot, so lidu vd tru duong chua phan anh dung chat lupng cua mia nguydn li£u tai ruong mia khi thu hoach do tru duong do tai nha may nhieu noi mia mua xd lan nhi u tap chat hoac sau khi thu hoach xong khong dupe dua vd che bidn ngay ndn da tang ty Id tidu hao mia/dudng trong qua trinh che bidn.

Nhin chung, tinh Thanh Hoa thuoc vung trong mia trpng diem, nang suat mia cung nhu tru duong binh quan so voi ca nuoc va mien Bac la chua cao.

Dd xac dinh nhung nguydn nhan dan ddn tinh trying trdn, d tai da tidn hanh khao sit hi£n trang sin xu£t mia nguyen lieu tren 2 loai dit niy thdng qua cAc budc didu tra ca ban va dinh gii thuc trang dd phi nhieu dat trong mia.

32. Thyc trang dit trdng mia- Huy?n Thp xuin va huyen Ngpc Lac li 2 huyen

midn nui cua tinh Thanh Hoa nen co dia hinh chia cat phuc tap, bang 2 cho thiiy cic rudng trong mia chu y£u la chan van vi chin cao. Voi cic dia hinh nhu tren dai da so dien tich trong mia kh6 c6 thd chu dong dugc nguon nuoc tu6i.

- Da so cac rudng trong mia cd thdi gian canh tic kha lau: 87,2% sd ruong tai Ngpc Lie vi 65,2% sd ruong tai Thp Xuan da trdng mia theo phuong thuc doc canh tren 15 nam. Voi hinh thuc canh tic nhu vay thi cay mia khd cd thd cho nang suat cao.

- Phan tich mot sd tinh chit dat (bing 2) cho thay: pHKC1 dao dpng 5,65 - 6,14 (TB 5,98) t?i Thp Xuin va 5,98 - 6,0 CTB 5,99) tai Ngpc Lac li tuong ddi phu hpp vdi yeu cau cua ciy mia vd dp pH (tir 5,0 ddn 8,5, thich hpp nhat la 6,5), tuy nhien dd dat ngudng thich hpp thi van cin phai bdn bo sung vdi khi trdng mia.

Bang 2. Thyc trgng dit trdng mia nguyen li£u tai 2 huydn Thp Xuin vi Ngpc Ljc

Chi tieu danh giaDat dd vang tai h. Thp Xuan Dit niu dd tai h. Ngpc Lie

1 1 X. Xuan Phu X. Thp Lam Trungbinh

Cty Sdng Am

X Njjuydt Trungbinh

1 Tp Id dia hinh (%): Cao-Van-Thap

42,942,9-14,2 23,8-66,7-9,5 • 27 ,£66,7-5,5 65,0-33,3-1,7 •

2 Thdi gian canh tic mia trdn 15 nim, % sd hd

73,3 57,1 65,2 94,4 80,0 87 2

3 Bp pHKC) 5,65 6,14 5,89 6,00 5,98 5,99

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4 Hiru ca OM, % 2,21 1,45 1,83 2,56 2,21 2,385 Ham lupng N, % 0,14 0,1 0,12 0,14 0,14 0,146 Tdng sd P20 5, % 0,17 0,13 0,15 0,21 0,19 0,207 Tdng sd K20, % 0,20 0,10 0,15 0,11 0,11 0,118 Huu hieu P20 5,

mg/lOOg dit3,66 13,76 8,71 2,08 4,77 3,42

9 Huu hieu K20, mg/lOOg dit

4,99 7,09 6,04 9,76 9,77 9,76

10 VSV tdng sd, Cfu/g dit

7,0x10® 3,8x10® 5,4 x 10® 4,3x10® 4,2 x 10® 4,3 x 10®

11 VSV phan giai lan, Cfu/g dit

7,0 xlO4 8,8 x10s 4,7 x10s 5,0x10* 1,8 xlO4 3,4 x 104

12 VSV cd dinh dam, Cfu/g dit

4,0 xlO6 5,8 x10s 2,3x10® 1,2 x 10s 2,9 x10s 2,0 x10s

13 VSV phan giai xenlulo, Cfu/g dit

2,8 xlO6 6,8x10* 1,4x10® 6,3 x 10s 5,5 x10s 5,9 x10s

Ngudn: Phid'u dieu tra ndng hd va k it qua phin tich miu dat tai Trung tam NC Phin bdn & Dinh dudng ciy trdng vi B$ mdn Vi sinh v$t- Vidn Thonhuong Ndng hda nim 2013

- Ham lugng huu co (OM) tren dat do vang 1,45 - 2,21% (TB 1,83%) va tren dat nau do 2,21 - 2,56% (TB 2,38%) phan Anh thuc trang ca 2 loai dat nay co do phi trung binh. Ham lupng dam trong dit trung binh0,1 - 0,14%. LAn tong so giau tr£n ca 2 loai dat, tuy nhi n lugng lan dl tieu thip, do d6 dn c6 bien phap tic dgng de phan giai cic hgp chat lan kh6 tan thanh lSn huu hieu ddi vdi cay trong nhu bd sung chi pham vi sinh v|t ho$c bdn phan vi sinh. Kali tdng sd va de tieu rit ngheo tren ca 2 loai dit, can thilt phai luu y bdn phdn kali dl tdng nang suit va nang cao tru dudng CCS ddi vdi mia nguyen lieu.

- PhSn tich tinh chit sinh hpc dit (bang 2) cho thiy: mat dp VSV tdng sd trong ca 2 loai dit d muc trung binh (tren 10® Cfu/g), tuy nhien mat do vi sinh v|t phan giai lan lai khi thip (104 - 10s Cfii/g); vi sinh

vat phan giai xenlulo trong dit nau dd thip (5,9 x 10s Cfu/g). Nhu vay, neu su dung chi phim vi sinh vat cd chua chung phan giai lan dl cai tao dit se dem lai hieu qua cao trong viec nang cao dp phi nhieu dit.

Tdm lai, vl thuc trang dit trdng mia tren 2 loai dit dd vang va nau dd tai Thp Xuan va Ngpc Lac va mpt sd han chi nang suit, chit lupng mia nguyen lieu cd thi danh gia nhu sau: (i) Dit trdng mia cd dia hinh phuc tap va chia cat nen khong chu dpng dupe ngudn nude tudi ma chu ylu phu thupc nude trdi; (ii) da sd ruong cd thdi gian canh t£c mia dpc canh kha lau (tren 15 nam) nen khong dupe cai tao; (iii) ham lupng lan tdng sd cao nhung lan dl tieu lai thip; (iv) dit rit ngheo kali ca tdng sd va dl tieu. Nhung han chi tren can phai cd bien phap khic phuc kip thdi dl nang cao nang suit va chit lupng mia nguyen lieu.

TT Chi tieu danh giiDit dd vang tai h. Thp Xuan Dit nau dd tai h. Ngpc LacXaXuan

PhuXaThp

LamTrungbinh

Cty Sdng Am

XaNguy|tAn Trungbinh

1 1| hp khdng tuoi nude, %

93,33 80,95 87,14 77,77 100 88,88

2 Bdn vdi:- T 1| hd bdn, %- Lupng v6i TB, kg/ha

40,0867

47,6745

43,8806

94,41.560

90,01.450

92,21.505

3 Bdn phan chudng:- T/1| hd bon, %- Lupng bdn TB, kg/ha

60,09.073

76,212.500

68,110.786

55,54.500

10,05.000

32,74.750

4 Bdn phSn VSV:

N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG TH6N - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2014 87

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-Ty 1| hp bdn, %- Lupng bdn TB, kg/ha

93,31.943

90,52.668

91,92.305

66,73.063

80,03.250

73,33.156

5 Bdn phAn dam:- Ty 1| hp bdn, % 100 90,5 95,2 100 100 100- Lupng bdn TB, kg/ha 309 391 350 387 365 376

6 Bdn phan lAn:- Ty 1| hp bdn, % 20,0 33,3 26,6 22,2 0 11.1- Lupng bdn TB, kg/ha 400 595 497 500 0 500

7 Bdn phAn kali:- Ty 1| hp bdn, % 33,3 52,4 42,8 16,7 10 13,3- Lupng bdn TB, kg/ha 162 192 177 200 100 150

8 Bdn phAn NPK:- Ty 1| hp bdn, % 6,7 4,8 5,7 5,5 0 2,7- Lupng bdn TB, kg/ha 300 600 450 900 0 900

9 Ty 1| hp sir dung thuoc phdng trir - SAu b£nh, % 100 100 100 100 100 100- Cd dai, % 0 52,4 52,4 0 0 0

3.3. Thyc trgng ky thu t canh tAc mia nguyfenli|u

- Thuc trgng canh tAc mia nguyfen lteu (bang 3) cho thay a ca 2 huy n hAu hit phu thuoc vao nuoc mua, so hp c6 tudi chu dpng chi khoang 12%.

- Ca 2 loai dAt a 2 huyfen deu la dat khong chua (pH dat 6), tuy nhten dl dat muc thich hpp (6,5) cung can bo sung them voi; tai Thp Xuan ty te hp su dung voi cho mia chi dat 43,8% va lupng voi su dung la 806 kg/ha th£p hon so voi a huy^n Ngpc Lac.

- Bon phan chudng la bi|n phap bo sung chAt huu ca cho dat co hi|u qua, tuy nhten, tai Ngpc LAc ty 1 hd bon phan chudng chi dat 32,7% va lupng bon thap dat 4.750 kg/ha.

- Dat trong mia tai Thp Xuan va Ngpc Lac, nhin chung co hAm lupng lan tong so cao nhung lan dl ti€u thap, trong khi d6 ty 1$ hd b6n phan lan va lupng lan b6n lai thAp (500 kg supe lAn/ha). Do do, dl nang cao ham lupng lan dl tieu trong dat rat can phai su dung cac chi pham vi sinh vat hoac phan bon vi sinh, nhit la cic san pham c6 chua chung VSV phan giai

cAc hpp chat lan kh6 tan. Tuy nhiln, bon phan VSV cAn luu y chat lupng cua phan b6n.

• Phan dam dugc ngudi trong mia rit luu tam, lupng phan dam url su dyng tgi Thp Xudn dgt 350 kg/ha (tuong duong 161 kg N/ha) va tgi Ngpc L$c dat 376 kg/ha (173 kg N/ha). Nhu vAy, lupng phan dam bdn cho mia or ca 2 dia phuong la a muc thAp. Dl nang cao ndng suat mia du kiln lin dat 7080 tan/ha cin tang lupng bdn phan dgrn ur£ ten 200- 250 kg N/ha [31 tr£n cA 2 logi dat

• Dat nau dd va dat dd vang dr Thanh H6a 1A 2 logi dat giau lan tong so nhung lgi rit ngheo lan dl tteu dl cirng cap cho cay, do vAy canh tac mia rit cAn thilt phai bdn phAn lAn hoAc bo sung vao dAt chi pham vi sinh v$t cd chua chung phAn giai cAc hpp chit lAn khd tan. Tgi Thp XuAn vA Ngpc L$c, ty 1| hd bdn lAn rat thAp (TB tuong ung 1A 26,6 vA 11,1%) vA lupng bdn phan supe lAn 1A 500 kg/ha (82,5 kg P205/ha) 1A a muc thAp; nAng lupng bdn lAn dgt 120 - 125 kg P205/ha [3] s£ phu hpp hon cho cAy mia.

T T Chi tteu dAnh giADat dd vAng tgi h. Thp XuAn DAt nau dd tgi h. Ngpc L$c

1 1 XA Xuan Phii

XaThpLAm

Trungbinh

Cty Sdng Am

XAN^ylt Trungbinh

I Diu tu cho lha trdng mia, tr.d:l LAm dat (cAy mAy) 7,14 6,49 6,82 6,35 6,21 6,282 Giong mia 8,44 7,92 8,18 8.62 7,39 8,013 V6i 1.42 0,91 1.17 1,33 1.41 137

88 N6NG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRI^N N6NG TH6N - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2 14

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4 Phan bdn cic logi 21,81 23,88 22,85 21,52 22,27 21,905 Thudc BVTV 0,87 0,83 0,85 0,87 0,62 0,756 ChSm sdc, thu hoach

mia5,12 5,56 5,34 3,80 3,10 3,45

Cdng diu tuTB: 44,80 45,59 45,21 42,49 41,00 41,76n Thu tir sin xuit mia:l Gii mia TB, tr./tin 1,09 1,05 1,07 1,04 1,07 1,0552 Nang suit* TB, tin/ha 62,67 65,04 63,86 63,52 59,92 61,713 Thu nhap TB tir mia,

tr.d/ha68,31 68,29 68,33 66,06 64,11 65,10

m Lai rdng, tr.d/ha: 23,51 22,70 23,12 23,57 23,11 23,34Ghi chu (*): Ning suat tinh trung binh (mia ta, mia gdc) theo phidu diSu tra ndng h$.• Dit n&u do vi dit do v<kng 6 Thanh H6a la 2 logi

dit rit nghlo kali tdng so va dl tilu, th\rc tl cho thiy ty 1| hO bdn phan kali a Tho Xuan va Ngoc L$c tuong ung la 42,8 vi 13,3% vi lupng b6n la 106 va 90 kg K20/ha. Su dung phan kali nhu vay thi chi sd do dudng CCS chic chin la kha thip; muon nang cao CCS thi phii chu y b6n phan kali vdi lupng 200 • 250 kg K20/ha [3].

- Qua dilu tra cho thiy trin dit nau do cr Ngpc L$c, ndng suit mia goc thudng la thip so vdi mia to 20 ■ 30% do mia bj chit khd, m0t trong sd nguyln nhan li sang vu 2 xuit hi|n nhilu nh0ng cua bp xln tdc (d dia phuong thudng gpi li luy). M$c du cd dung m0t sd logi thudc BVTV song khdng cd hi|u qui, tuy nhiln theo cic chuyln gia cua Vi|n BVTV thi dl phdng trir siu luy cd thi six dung cic logi thuoc nhu Vibasu hay chi pham Biofun dl bdn vao dit ngay tir vy 1 mia to.

- Danh gii hi|u qua san xuit mia nguyln li|u d 2 huy|n (bing 4) cho thiy: Muc dp diu tu cho 1 ha trdng mia cua cic hd d huy|n Thp Xuan la 45,21 tri|u ddng cao hon so vdi cic h0 d huy|n Ngpc Lac (41,76 tri|u dong) do trin dit dd ving cd dgi xuit hi|n nhilu hon nin cdng cham sdc mia cao hon trin dit niu dd.

- Lai rdng thu tir sin xuit mia d Thp Xuan la 22,70 - 23,51 (TB 23,12) tri|u dong/ha va d Ngpc L$cli 23,11- 23,57 (TB 23,34) tri|u dong/ha. Vdi thdi gian canh tic mia 12 thing thi day li muc lai tir sin xuit 1 ha mia chua cao, do dd ngudi ndng dan chua thyc sy phin khdi dl trdng mia.

IKfrUllN• Thanh Hda thudc vung trdng mia trpng diim

vdi di|n tich trdng mia chilm khoing 30.300 ha. TUn dit dd ving tgi huy|n Thp Xuin vi dit niu dd tgi huy|n Ngpc L$c vdi ndng suit mia binh quin niln

vy 2011 - 2012 dgt 60,33 - 66,44 tin/ha doi vdi mia to va 55,83 - 61,26 tin/ha ddi vdi mia gdc, tuy nang suit dgt tuong duong so vdi binh quan ca nude nhung chua cao so vdi tilm nang cua dja phuong, gii tri tru dudng CCS cung cdn d muc thip (8,70 - 9,03%).

- Budc dau da xac dinh dupe thyc trgng d0 phi nhilu dit va mdt sd ylu td hgn chi nang suit, chit lupng mia nguyln li|u nhu sau: Dit nau dd dl bj khd hgn; dat dd vang cd dia hinh ddc, chia cit; phin ldn di|n tich mia khdng cd tudi, phu thudc vao nude mua; ci 2 logi dit chua it (pH 5,9), dd phi (chit huu co vi dgm) trung binh, him lupng lin tdng sd giiu nhung lan dl tilu rit nghlo, kali tdng sd vi dl tilu rit nghlo; quin thi vi sinh vit trong dit khdng cao vi nghlo chung vi sinh vit phan giai lan.

- Trong canh tic mia, vi|c su dyng phan huu co dl cai tgo dit d huy|n Ngpc L§c chua dupe chu trpng. Lupng phan bdn N, P, K trin c i 2 logi dit diu d muc thip (160 -170 N, 80 P20 5, 90 -106 K20 kg/ha). Dl nang cao nang suit mia nguy£n li|u dy kiln dgt 70 - 80 tan/ha va tru dudng dgt trin 10%, cd thi tang lupng bdn phan trin 2 logi dit dd vang va nau dd nhu sau: 200 - 250 N, 100 -125 P2Os, 200 - 250 K20 kg/ha.

TAI U0J THAM KHAO

1. Cyc Trdng trpt, 2013. H$n trpng san xuit vi giai phap phdt triin on djnh nganh mia dudng. Bio cio tdng kit nginh mia dudng 2012, Hi N0L

2. Vi|n Thd nhudng Ndng hda, 1998. Sd tay phin tich dit, nude, phin bdn, ciy trdng. Nxb Ndng nghi|p, Hi Npi.

3. Vi|n Thd nhudng Ndng hda, 2005. Sd tay phin bdn. Nxb Ndng nghi|p, Hi Ndi.

4. Phgm Ngpc Tuin vi cdng sy, 2013. B io d o kdt qui diSu tra thyc trpng sin xu it mia nim 20121& vung B ic Trung b . Hi Ndi.

N6NG NGHI0P VA PHAT TR|£n N6NG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2014 89

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5. Cong Thong tin di£n tu Thanh H6a: aspx?ChannelId-1fififtartirleID-40425 http://thanhhoa.gov.vn/vi-vn/Pages/Article.

EVALUATING TOE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME TYPICAL SOILS IN GROWING SUGARCANE REGION IN THANH HOA PROVINCE

Pham Ngoc Tuan, Ho Quang Due Le Thi Minh Luong, Duong Van Vinh

Summary

Thanh Hoa province belongs to the main growing sugar-cane region with an area of about 30,300 hectares of sugar-cane. In mountainous and midland region, two typical soils in large area are red and yellow soil on gravelly and clay (Fs) and red brown soil on neutral and alkaline macma (Fk). Investigation showed that on red yellow soil in Tho Xuan district and on red brown soil in Ngoc Lac district with an average yield of sugarcane crop year 2011-2012 was from 60.33 to 66.44 tons/ha of sugar cane (young trees) and from 55.83 to 61.26 tons/ha for sugarcane (old trees), but in terms of on a nation-wide scale the productivity of sugar­cane is average, but the local potentially is not high, raw sugar is also low (8.70 -9.03%). Through initial research has identified that the characteristics of soil fertility and a number of factors limiting the productivity and quality of sugar-cane as follows: red-brown soil easily getting drought; red-yellow soil with slope, temporary division; most of the growing sugar-cane area is not yet irrigated, mainly depends on rainfall; two acid soils (pH 5.9), fertility (organic matter and nitrogen) is average, rich in total phosphate content but very poor in digestive phosphorus; very poor in total and digestive potassium; microorganism populations in soil is poor and poor in microorganism species that disintergates phosphorus. In sugar-cane cultivation, the use of organic fertilizers for soil improvement is not yet focused; the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is low (160-170 N, 80 P2Os KjO 90-106) kg/ha.Key words: Sugarcane, the red yellow soil, the red brown soil, the soil fertility, sugarcane yield, sugar content

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