Upload
sarahazf
View
73
Download
7
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PERANCANGAN UNTUK KETERBUATAN
(DFMA : “ DESIGN FOR
MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLING” )Dr.-Ing. Indra Djodikusumo1
ENGINEERING DESIGN BOOKS
2
Perancangan Konsep ���� “ Conceptual Design”
Perancangan Wujud(Perwujudan) ���� “ Embodiment Design”
Design Requirements/Design Specifications &Objectives
Concept / Principle Solution
(Perwujudan) ���� “ Embodiment Design”
Perancangan Detail(Penyiapan Dokumen Produksi dan Operasi)
���� “ Detail Design”
Definitive Layout
Production Documents andOperation Documents
3
PERANCANGAN KONSEP
Metode pengembangan konsep:
1) Metode dasar
a) Galang gagas (brain storming)
b) Penulisan gagasan (metode 6-
Design
Requirements/
Design
Specifications and
Objectives
Principle
Solution/
Concept
4
b) Penulisan gagasan (metode 6-
3-5)
c) Analogi
d) Ekstrim/kebalikan
e) Pakar/buku referensi/jurnal
2) Metode morfologi
3) Metode logika (TRIZ dan
Perancangan Aksiomatik)
PERANCANGAN WUJUD
Principle
Solution/
Concept
Design
and
Requirements/
Design
Tata Letak
“Sistem Teknik”/
“Definitive
Layout”
Material Fungsi
1) Steps
2) Checklist
3) Rules
4) Principles
5) Guidelines
6) EvaluationEmbodiment Design
5
Design
SpecificationsLayout”
Final Assy.Sub Assy.
Component
Geometry ProsesProduksi
STEPS IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
1) Identify embodiment-determining requirements2) Produce scale drawing of spatial constraints3) Identify embodiment-determining main function carriers4) Develop preliminary layouts and form design for the embodiment-determining main
function carriers5) Select suitable preliminary layout6) Develop preliminary layouts and form-design for the embodiment for the remaining
function carriers7) Search for solution to auxiliary functions
Concept
6
7) Search for solution to auxiliary functions8) Develop detailed layouts and form designs for the main function carriers ensuring
compatibility with the auxiliary function carriers9) Develop detailed layouts and form designs for the auxiliary function carriers and
complete the overall layouts10)Evaluate against technical and economical criteria
1) Optimize and complete form design2) Check for errors and disturbing factors3) Prepare preliminary partts list and production documents
Preliminary Layout
Definitive Layout
PERANCANGAN WUJUD
Principle
Solution/
Concept
Design
and
Requirements/
Design
Tata Letak
“Sistem Teknik”/
“Definitive
Layout”
Material Fungsi
1) Steps
2) Checklist
3) Rules
4) Principles
5) Guidelines
6) EvaluationEmbodiment Design
7
Design
SpecificationsLayout”
Final Assy.Sub Assy.
Component
Geometry ProsesProduksi
CHECKLIST IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
8
CHECKLIST IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN (CONT’D)
9
CHECKLIST IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN (CONT’D)
10
PERANCANGAN WUJUD
Principle
Solution/
Concept
Design
and
Requirements/
Design
Tata Letak
“Sistem Teknik”/
“Definitive
Layout”
Material Fungsi
1) Steps
2) Checklist
3) Rules
4) Principles
5) Guidelines
6) EvaluationEmbodiment Design
11
Design
SpecificationsLayout”
Final Assy.Sub Assy.
Component
Geometry ProsesProduksi
RULES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
1) Clarity that is, clarity of function or
lack of ambiguity of a design—
• facilitates reliable prediction of the
performance of the final product and in
many cases saves time and costly analyses.many cases saves time and costly analyses.
12
RULES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN (CONT’D)
2) Simplicity generally guarantees economic
feasibility.
� A smaller number of components and
simple shapes are produced more simple shapes are produced more
quickly and easily.
13
RULES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
3) Safety imposes a consistent approach to
the problems of strength, reliability,
accident prevention and protection of
the environment.
14
PERANCANGAN WUJUD
Principle
Solution/
Concept
Design
and
Requirements/
Design
Tata Letak
“Sistem Teknik”/
“Definitive
Layout”
Material Fungsi
1) Steps
2) Checklist
3) Rules
4) Principles
5) Guidelines
6) EvaluationEmbodiment Design
15
Design
SpecificationsLayout”
Final Assy.Sub Assy.
Component
Geometry ProsesProduksi
PRINCIPLES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
1) Principles of Force Transmission
� Flowlines of Force and the Principle of Uniform Strength
� Principle of Direct and Short Force � Principle of Direct and Short Force Transmission Path
� Principle of Matched Deformations
� Principle of Balanced Forces
� Summary of Force Transmission Principles
16
PRINCIPLES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
2) Principle of the Division of Tasks
� Assignment of Subfunctions
� Division of Tasks for Distinct
FunctionsFunctions
� Division of Tasks for Identical
Functions
17
PRINCIPLES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
3) Principle of Self-Help
• Concepts and Definitions
• Self-Reinforcing Solutions
• Self-Balancing Solutions• Self-Balancing Solutions
• Self-Protecting Solutions
18
PRINCIPLES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
3) Principles of Stability and Bi-
Stability
• Principle of Stability
• Principle of Bi-Stability• Principle of Bi-Stability
19
PRINCIPLES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
3) Principles of Fault-Free Design
20
PERANCANGAN WUJUD
Principle
Solution/
Concept
Design
and
Requirements/
Design
Tata Letak
“Sistem Teknik”/
“Definitive
Layout”
Material Fungsi
1) Steps
2) Checklist
3) Rules
4) Principles
5) Guidelines
6) EvaluationEmbodiment Design
21
Design
SpecificationsLayout”
Final Assy.Sub Assy.
Component
Geometry ProsesProduksi
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
1) Design for X
22
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
2) Design to Allow for Expansion
• Expansion
• Expansion of components
• Relative Expansion of Components
23
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
3) Design to Allow for Creep and Relaxation
• Behaviour of Materials Subject to
Temperature Changes
• Creep
• Relaxation• Relaxation
• Design Features
24
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
4) Design against Corrosion
• Causes and Effects of Corrosion
• Free Surface Corrosion
• Contact Corrosion
• Stress Corrosion• Stress Corrosion
• Selective Corrosion within a Material
• General Recommendation
• Examples of Design against Corrosion
25
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
5) Design to Minimise Wear
• Causes and Effects
• Design Features
26
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
6) Design for Ergonomics
• Fundamentals
• Human Activities and Ergonomic Constraints
• Identifying Ergonomic Requirements
27
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
7) Design for Aesthetics
• Aim
• Visual Information
• Guidelines for Aesthetics
28
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
8) Design for Production
• Relationship Between Design and Production
• Appropriate Overall Layout Design
• Appropriate Form Design of Components
29
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR CAST
COMPONENTS
30
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR CAST
COMPONENTS (CONT’D)
31
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR CAST COMPONENTS (CONT’D)
32
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
SINTERED COMPONENTS
33
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
SINTERED COMPONENTS
34
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
DROP-FORGED PARTS
35
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
DROP-FORGED PARTS (CONT’D)
36
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
DROP-FORGED PARTS (CONT’D)
37
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
COMPONENTS MACHINED BY TURNING
38
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
COMPONENTS MACHINED BY TURNING (CONT’D)
39
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
COMPONENTS MACHINED BY BORING
40
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
COMPONENTS MACHINED BY MILLING
41
DESIGN GUIDELINES WITH EXAMPLES FOR
COMPONENTS MACHINED BY GRINDING
42
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
8) Design for Assembly
• Types of Assembly
• General guidelines for Asssembly
• Designing Assembly Interfaces
43
ARRANGE ASSEMBLY OPERATIONS
44
REDUCE ASSEMBLY OPERATIONS
45
STANDARDIZE ASSEMBLY OPERATIONS
46
SIMPLIFY ASSEMBLY OPERATIONS
47
REDUCE INTERFACES
48
STANDARDIZE INTERFACES
49
SIMPLIFY INTERFACES
50
GUIDELINES IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN
(CONT’D)
8) Design for Maintenance
9) Design for Recycle
51
CLOSING
� Karakteristik Perancangan Wujud:
� Kompleks
� Iteratif
� Multidisiplin
� Memerlukan kerjasama yang erat antara � Memerlukan kerjasama yang erat antara
berbagai ahli
� Diperlukan berbagai pengambilan keputusan
yang penting dalam perancangan
� Dapat digunakan sebagai “kendaraan” untuk
kerjasama antara berbagai KK di FTMD
52
PERANCANGAN WUJUD
Principle
Solution/
Concept
Design
and
Requirements/
Design
Tata Letak
“Sistem Teknik”/
“Definitive
Layout”
Material Fungsi
1) Steps
2) Checklist
3) Rules
4) Principles
5) Guidelines
6) EvaluationEmbodiment Design
53
Design
SpecificationsLayout”
Final Assy.Sub Assy.
Component
Geometry ProsesProduksi