Kiem Soat o Nhiem Khong Khi Va Tieng on -Week 3-1

7/28/2019 Kiem Soat o Nhiem Khong Khi Va Tieng on -Week 3-1

1/29

1/99I HC QUC GIA Tp.HCM

KIM SOT NHIM KHNG KH V TING N WEEK 3

Cn B Ging Dy: TS. H QUC BNGPhng Nhim Khng Kh v Bin i Kh Hu

Vin Mi trng v Ti nguyn

Phng hc: C.B006Thi gian: Th 3, 12h00- 14h45


2/29

Ni dung chi tit

Ni dung chi tit HP/MHStit

Hnh thc t chc/Phng php dy - hcv kim tra, nh gi

Chng 1. Kh quyn v hin trng nhimkhng kh 03 Ging vin ging bi,sinh vin nghe v tholun, nh gi trongim chuyn cn

2/99

1. 1. Thnh phn v cu trc kh quyn 01

1. 2. Khi nim v nhim khng kh 0,5

1. 3. n vo v tiu chun cht lng mitrng kh ca Vit Nam v th gii

0,5

1. 4. Hin trng nhim khng khcc

thnh ph

l

n c

a Vit Nam v trn th

gii

01


3/29

Ni dung chi tit

Chng 2. Cc ngun gy nhim mi trngkh 03Ging vin ging bi,sinh vin nghe v tholun, nh gi trongim chuyn cn

2.1 Ngun nhim do thin nhin 01

3/99

2.2 Ngun nhim nhn to 01

2.3 Phn loi ngun nhim 01

2.3.1 Ngun im

2.3.2 Ngun ng

2.3.3 Ngun mt


4/29

a) Da vao nguon goc phat sinh

- Nguon t nhien: nui la, ong at, bui tao thanh do bao cat, s phat tan cua phan hoa,mui hoi, cua cac qua trnh phan huy sinh hoc- Nguon nhan tao:+ nguon co nh: cac nguon t qua trnh ot kh thien nhien, ot dau, cui, trau .., cac nha

may cong nghiep ...+ nguon di ong: t giao thong, nh xe co, may bay, tau hoa ...

b) Da vao tnh chat hoat ong- o nhiem do qua trnh san xuat: cong nghiep, nong nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep- o nhiem do giao thong van tai: xe co, may bay, tau hoa, tau thuy...

Phan loai nguon o nhiem khong kh

- o nhiem do sinh hoat: cac qua trnh dung dau than, cui ...e un nau, thap sang.- o nhiem do qua trnh t nhien: do s phan huy cac hp chat hu c, bao cat, phan hoa,nui la...

c) Da vao bo tr hnh hoc

- iem o nhiem: ong khoi cac nha may...- ng o nhiem: do giao thong- Vung o nhiem: khu chan nuoi, khu tap trung nhieu nha may, x nghiep, khu cong nghiep

...


5/29

a) Khai niem ve chat o nhiem: bat ky mot chat nao c thai vao khong kh vinong o u e anh hng en sc khoe eu la cac chat o nhiem, v du: bui, hikh oc, mui hoi cac chat o nhiem .

b) Phan loai chat o nhiem:- Da vao nguon goc s dung nhien lieu:

+ chat o nhiem t qua trnh ot: kh thien nhien, dau, cui, noi hi + chat o nhiem sinh ra t cac qua trnh cong nghe khac nhau: do s dung cac loainguyen lieu, hoa chat co sinh ra cac chat o nhiem trong qua trnh san xuat..

- Da vao n uon oc hat sinh:

CAC CHAT O NHIEM KHONG KH

+ chat o nhiem s cap: SOx, NOx, bui.thai ra t cac qua trnh ot nhien lieu+ chat o nhiem th cap: H2SO4, Ozone sinh ra do cac phan ng cua cac chat scap.

c) Phan loai theo tnh chat vat ly:

- Chat o nhiem the ran: v du cac loai bui- Chat o nhiem the kh: v du cac loai hi kh oc- Chat o nhiem the long: v du cac loai hi dung moi


6/29

O NHIEM KHONG KH DO BUI

nh ngha: bui la mot tap hp nhieu hat, co kch thc khac nhau, ton tai lautrong khong kh di dang bui bay, bui lang va cac he kh dung nhieu pha gomhi kh mui.

- Bui bay co kch thc t 0,001 10 m- Bui lang co kch thc ln hn 10 m


7/29

Chng 2. Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng kh

2.1 Ngun nhim do thin nhin


8/29


Hot ng ni la

Ni la hot ng phun ra mt lng rt ln cc cht nhimnh: T r o bi, SO2, H2S, CH4. Tc ng n mi trng rt nngn.


9/29


nhim do chy rng

Khi rng b chy c rt nhiu cht c hi bc ln v lan to ramt khu vc rng ln, i khi vt ra khi bin gii cc nc crng b chy. Chy rng pht ra mt lng rt ln cc cht

nhim nh: khi, tro bi, Cc Hydrocacbon, SO2, CO & NOx


10/29


Bo ct

Bo ct thng xy ra nhng vng t trv kh khng cche ph bi thm thc vt, c bit l vng sa mc. Gi mnh lmbcct tnhng vng hoang ho, sa mc v mang i rt x a g y

nhim bu kh quyn trong 1 khu vc rng ln.


11/29


NHIM DO I DNG

Sn g m tmt bin bc l n v bi nc do sng p vo bc gi t i dng thi vo t lin cha nhiu tinh th mui,NaCl (70%), cn li MgCl2, CaCl2, KBr, vv.


12/29


NHIM DO THC VT

Ngoi tc ng rt hu ch v khng th thiu i vi ngi. Thcvt cng l ngun gy ONKK ng k:

- Phn h o a t10-50 micromet

- Cc bo tthc vt, nm thng cc i vo ma h (thng 8,9)- Pht thi VOCs


13/29


N do vi khun v vi sinh vt

- Trong kk xung quanh c rt nhiu vi khun v vi sinh vt. tbit ni c ng ngi

- V d: Vi sinh vt khu vc tu in ngm Paris: 600-800

con/m3. Trong khi kk thong ch c 200 con/m3- Cc sn phm ln mem v b phn hu l mi trng tt c h o s

sinh si v hot ng ca vi khun hiu kh -> NH3, Mn, CO2,


14/29


N do cc cht phng x

- Trong lng t c mt s khong sn v q ung kim loi c k hnng phng x.

- Cng phng x cng mnh v cng gy nguy him cho con

ngi- V d: phng x tgch lt nn, vv


15/29


N c ngun gc t v tr

- C rt nhiu ht vt cht rt nh tv tr thm nhp v o bukh quyn mt cch thng xuyn v lin tc. 3/10 micromet ->vi centimet/

- Ngun gc tthin thch v cc m my hong o, mt tri- Bi thin thch cha: Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Cr- Bi th cc thin thch st: Fe, Co, Ni


16/29


N do nhn to

- Nhim do giao thng- Do un nu- Do cc nh my- Do t cc loi rc thi

Theo cch phn lai thng thng th ngi ta phn chia cc ngunp m:1. Ngun im (ngun cng nghip),2. Ngun ng (ngun giao thng )3. Ngun vng (ngun sinh hot)Ngoi ra, cn c pht thi t cc ngun t nhin nhng ti lngpht thi tngun ny l khng ln lm nn c th b qua..\TLTK\Air Pollution Causes, Effects And Solutions!.mp4


17/29

Nguon o nhiem do giao thong: moi loai phng tien giaothong se s dung cac loai nhien lieu khac nhau v vay chungse sinh ra cac kh o nhiem khac nhau:

- Xe tai, Bus ...dung nhien lieu Diesel: NOx, CO, SO2....- Xe hi, gan may: dung nhien lieu xang: VOC, CO, SO2...- Tu thuyn sinh ra: NOx, SO2, CO, ..

Nguon goc c ban cua o nhiem khong kh


18/29

Nganh cong nghiep Hoat ong chu yeu Loai chat gay o nhiem

S che kim loai Nung chay, can thep ... Hi khoi cua oxit kim loai, CO,bui tro, SO2, ...

Che tao nhng san pham kimloai

Che tao thiet b gia nhiet, thiet bhan, o dung ...

Hi kim loai, bui t lo uc.

C kh che tao Che tao nhng chi tiet may... Bui, sng khoi...

Nguon o nhiem do cong nghiepMoi nganh cong nghiep se nay sinh mot van e duy nhat, lien quan en che

o van hanh trong san xuat, nh la: vat lieu tho, phng phap che bien, hieuqua cua he thong va viec lap ac he thong x ly o nhiem

,

phuc vu nganh ien...o trang tr noi that, san pham go Khai thac go, che bien va sn .... Mun ca, bui, dung moi hu c.

Hoa chat va nhng san phamtng ng

Hoa dau, san xuat H2SO4,Na2CO3, vai tong hp, nhom ...

Rat nhieu chat o nhiem sinh ra tviec boc hi cac hoa chat...,

Thc pham va cac san phamtng t Giet tht, che bien, hun khoi, ohop .... Mui hoi, oi thiu, thoi nat....

Gay va cac san pham tngng

San xuat giay t bot go,xenlulo,gie rach...., tron nghien,nau

Mui, bui va kh oc.

In an Tao ra nhng khuon ch, inkem... Hi o xt thoat ra t cac khuonch, dung moi luc in.


19/29


Hm lng pht thi ngun t nhin v nhn to


20/29

TNG TC CA CC CHT NHIM TRONG KH QUYN

EMISSIONS

DISPERSION(transport

& turbulence)

TRANSFORMATION(chemistry)

POLLUTANTDISTRIBUTION

H2SO4Photooxidants

O3, PAN

Secondary polluants

HNO3

sun

humidity

20/99

TrafficHeatings

Industry

VOCNOxCOHeavy metals PM

SO2

Primary polluants

PM

Health

Biogenic

CO2 rain

Vegetation growth

Sources Effects

Human sources Natural sources


21/29

QUN L CHT LNG KHNG KH

Emission sources Strategy for control of emission Environmentalimpacts

Monitoring

Emission sources Strategy for control of emission Environmentalimpacts

Monitoring

21/99

model

Air qualitymodel

Topography andlanduse

Concentrationfields

Emissioninventory

xposure

modelMeteorological

fields

model

Air qualitymodel

Topography andlanduse

Concentrationfields

Emissioninventory

xposure

modelMeteorological

fields


22/29

Tnh ton pht thi5.1. ng dng GIS trong vic tnh ton pht thi cc cht nhim khng kh trong

khng gian

22/250


23/29

Tnh ton pht thi

- Tnh ton ti lng theo tng loi hnh cng nghip:

jninin NKG = (g/nm)

Trong :

Gin l pht thi cht nhim i trong ngnh cng nghip n (g/nm)

Kin h s pht thi ca cht nhim i i vi ngnh cng nghip n (g/tn nguyn liu th

hoc g/tn sn phm)

23/250

jn: ng nguy n u n n u o c s n p m c a n m y rong ng n c ng

nghip n (tn/nm)

- Tnh ton ti lng theo vng:

== nmininim NKGG (g/nm)

Trong :

Gim: Pht thi cvht nhim i trong qun m (g/nm);

Gin: Pht thi cht nhim i ca ngnh cng nghip n trong qun m (g/nm);

Kin: H s pht thi cht nhim i trong ngnh cng nghip n (g/tn nguyn liu th hoc

g/tn sn phm);

Nnm: Lng nguyn liu th (nhin liu) hoc sn phm ca ngnh cng nghip n trong qun

m (tn/nm).


24/29

Loi ngun pht thi H s nhim Ghi ch1. t than

Than bt Antracite (kg/MT)- Cho y l- Cho vo tng tThan cha Bitum (kg/ MT)

19S19S

18S

19S

L cao vi cng sut nhit

lng 103 Btu/gi

1. t duNh my in (kg/m3)Du cn : (kg/m3)Du chng ct (kg/m3)

19.6S19S

17S

S chuyn i SO2 thnhSO3 l 93%

3. Du nh (petroleum refining): l hi v cc qu 19.2

H s nhim ca SO2 i vi mt s ngun

trnh gia nhit (process heater)4. Nh my sn xut H2SO4 (Kg/ MT ca H2SO4nguyn cht)

48 Lng sulfur t 13-19%

5. Nh my luyn km th KTK6. Nh my luyn ng th (kg/MT) 550

7. Nh my luyn ch th (kg/MT)Qu trnh kt tinhL cao

Luyn tinh

625275

22.5

40

8. Xe gn my

g/ming/km

0.20.12

Lng sulfur khang 0.4%


25/29

Xy dng m hnh tnh ton pht thi do hot

ng giao thng - EMISENS model

Evaporation Evaporation

25/250

TC_ low TC_high

T otal C old H o t E va po ra tionE E E E= + +

Colde Hote


26/29

M hnh tnh ton pht thi Giao thng

Bottom-up Top-down

Kt hp: phng php bottom-up & top-down

- U IM: Tnh ton phtthi trong khng gian v thi

- U IM: Tnh tng pht this dng tng hot ng giaothn v h s ht thi trun

26/250

bnh

- kHUYT IM : I HIQU NHIU THNG TINV SINH RA SAI S NHIU

- kHUYT IM: SAI S KHITNH PHT THI TRONGKHNG GIAN


27/29

GAM THI GIAN TNH TON:

i ee

Car Euro I

Car Euro II

Moto Euro I

.

.

.

Car

Iee

, , , ,

1

nIv

ip Iv is iv ip iv is

iv

e e=

=

M hnh tnh ton pht thi Giao thng EMISENS model

27/250

150 kiu xe 5 n 10 loi xe THI GIAN GIM > 10

Moto Euro II...

Moto

.

.

.

iv

ivIvwith N

=

Develop EMISENS model


28/29

Hot emissionsIveh

hot _ emission Iveh Iveh IvehE e F L=

Develop EMISENS model


28/250

MeasurementCalculate

( )v2

2 x

ivehv1

e a v b v v d Ln v c dv = + + + +

nveh(Iveh)

Iv e h iv e h iv e h

iv eh 1

e e=

= nEh


29/29


T o tal C old H o t E va po rationE E E E= + +

29/250

Iveh,Istr

hot _ emission Iveh,Istr Iveh,Istr Iveh,Istr E e F L=

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Kiem Soat o Nhiem Khong Khi Va Tieng on -Week 3-1