Maximum Parallel Links based routing Maximum Parallel Links based routing scheme with Power Control for Ad Hoc scheme with Power Control for Ad Hoc

Wireless Sensors NetworksWireless Sensors Networks

Khan Gul WaqarComunication Laboratory

Helsinki University of Technology

Funded by Control Engineering LaboratoryHelsinki University of Technology

OutlineOutline

What is a Ad hoc wireless NetworkWhat is a Ad hoc wireless Network Important features of Ad hoc NeworksImportant features of Ad hoc Neworks Ad hoc Sensor NetoworksAd hoc Sensor Netoworks Applications of Ad hoc Sensor NetworksApplications of Ad hoc Sensor Networks Main CriteriaMain Criteria

My Thesis Topic My Thesis Topic Motivation behind itMotivation behind it

7 Differenent routing schemes7 Differenent routing schemesResultsResultsFuture workFuture work

Important features of Ad hoc Important features of Ad hoc NeworksNeworks

No Base station or central controlNo Base station or central control

The established links are short-lived The established links are short-lived links links

multi-hop multi-hop

packet forwarding capabilities packet forwarding capabilities

self-organizing self-organizing

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Source

Destination

Ad hoc Sensor NetworksAd hoc Sensor Networks

The number of nodes in a sensor network is The number of nodes in a sensor network is very highvery high

Sensor nodes are densely deployedSensor nodes are densely deployed

Sensor nodes are prone to failuresSensor nodes are prone to failures

The topology of a sensor network changes The topology of a sensor network changes very frequentlyvery frequently

Sensor nodes are limited in power, Sensor nodes are limited in power, computational capacities, and memory.computational capacities, and memory.

Applications of Ad hoc Sensor Applications of Ad hoc Sensor NetworksNetworks

Commercial and Military applicationsCommercial and Military applications

Industrial Control and MonitoringIndustrial Control and Monitoring

Home automation and consumer electronicsHome automation and consumer electronics

Security and Military sensingSecurity and Military sensing

Asset tracking and Supply chain managementAsset tracking and Supply chain management

Intelligent agriculture and Environmental sensing Intelligent agriculture and Environmental sensing (Temperature, humidity, soil make up and other (Temperature, humidity, soil make up and other environmental applications)environmental applications)

Health care applications Health care applications

Main Limitations Main Limitations

Energy i.e. Batery lifeEnergy i.e. Batery life

ThroughputThroughput

Idea of my thesis workIdea of my thesis work

Energy saving but not at cost of throughputEnergy saving but not at cost of throughput

A

B C

No RTS-CTS caseA ’Hidden Node’ Problem

RTS

CTS

CTS

RTS-CTS CASE

RTS-CTS caseA solution for ’Hidden Node’ Problem

Exposed Node Problem - Capture EffectExposed Node Problem - Capture Effect

A B C DA B C D

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C

A

D

G

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M

Routing- A random walk approachRouting- A random walk approach

Seven Different Protocols Seven Different Protocols (1/2)(1/2)

Without Power ControlWithout Power Control

Algo_1: Minimum Distance Algo_1: Minimum Distance

Algo_2: Maximum Distance Algo_2: Maximum Distance

Algo_3: Minimum NeighborsAlgo_3: Minimum Neighbors3A: Nearest3A: Nearest3B: Farthest3B: Farthest

Algo_4: Maximum NeighborsAlgo_4: Maximum Neighbors4A: Nearest4A: Nearest4B: Farthest4B: Farthest

E

C

A

D

G

Seven Different Protocols Seven Different Protocols (2/2)(2/2)With Power ControlWith Power Control

Algo_5: Minimum Distance Algo_5: Minimum Distance 5A: Nearest5A: Nearest5B: Farthest5B: Farthest

Algo_6: Neighbors BasedAlgo_6: Neighbors Based6A: MinPowerMinNeighborsMinDistance6A: MinPowerMinNeighborsMinDistance

6B: MinPowerMaxNeighborsMinDistance6B: MinPowerMaxNeighborsMinDistance

6C: MaxDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist6C: MaxDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist

6D: MinDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist6D: MinDifferenceOfNghbrsMinDist

Algo_7: Parallel LinkAlgo_7: Parallel Link

Algo_7: Parallel LinkAlgo_7: Parallel Link

E

C

A

D

G

RFR RFR SFRSFRRFRDRFRDRDRD

Signalling for Algo 7Signalling for Algo 7And timing DiagramsAnd timing Diagrams

RFR = 352 Micro secRFR = 352 Micro secSFR = 352 Micro secSFR = 352 Micro secRFRD= 352 Micro secRFRD= 352 Micro secRD= 352 Micro secRD= 352 Micro sec

Aeronet PC 4800Aeronet PC 4800Power Levels 1,5,20,50,100mW Power Levels 1,5,20,50,100mW and -60dB Rx Sensitivityand -60dB Rx Sensitivity

Example with reference valuesExample with reference values

Matlab Environment is usedMatlab Environment is used

Total_Num_nodes=10Total_Num_nodes=10SOURCE ID= 1SOURCE ID= 1DESTINATION ID = 2DESTINATION ID = 2PathLoss=2; PathLoss=2; MinReqRxPower=0.4 (Units) MinReqRxPower=0.4 (Units) PowerLevel1= 1(Units);PowerLevel1= 1(Units);PowerLevel2= 2(Units);PowerLevel2= 2(Units);PowerLevel3= 3(Units);PowerLevel3= 3(Units);PowerLevel4= 4(Units);PowerLevel4= 4(Units);PowerLevel5= 5(Units);PowerLevel5= 5(Units);T_RFR= T_SFR= T_RFRD= T_RFR= T_SFR= T_RFRD=

T_RD=2unitsT_RD=2units7 4 27 4 27 4 37 4 37 4 67 4 67 10 67 10 6

a. Algo_1 b. Algo_2a. Algo_1 b. Algo_2c. Algo_3 _A c. Algo_3 _A d. Algo_3_B d. Algo_3_B

a. Algo_4_A b. Algo_4_Ba. Algo_4_A b. Algo_4_Bc. Algo_5_A c. Algo_5_A d. Algo_5_B d. Algo_5_B

Algo_6, A, B, C,DAlgo_6, A, B, C,D

Simulation results Routing processSimulation results Routing process

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yConsumed Energy without sleep mode

Consumed Energy with sleep mode

Simulation results Simulation results Data transferData transfer

Sample values with realistic valuesSample values with realistic valuesAverage Results over 5 simulations

N=10, A=100*100sqm, Free Parth loss exponent=5

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

Algorithms

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Number of hops -LatencyNumber of hops -LatencyAverage Hops

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Future workFuture work

To implement the same idea for searching To implement the same idea for searching a set of routes instead of random walka set of routes instead of random walk

To incorporate mobilityTo incorporate mobility

More power level and continuous power More power level and continuous power control control

Thank You ALL!!Thank You ALL!!

Questions Questions ????