Key Criteria/Principles in selecting indicators

Follow-up consultation on TFI Recommendations on

Communication for EPI/PolioDakar - Senegal, 05 and 07 April, 2008

Purpose

• To help identify programme strengths and weaknesses

• To show trends over time

Principles

• Should be done in conjunction with other EPI monitoring • Integrate key agreed communication indicators to

existing immunisation monitoring forms at all levels• Many other indicators specific to communication are

tracked by communication specialists• Existence of a plan • Plan has clear objectives• Should define universe and denominator (for

comparison). Indicator expressed as part of the universe

Principles (2)

• Baseline needed

• The usefulness of monitoring data is to show trends over time. Taking measures only once is not useful at all because there is no point of comparison.

Types of Indicators to Track

• INPUT: measure the quantity, quality and timeliness of resources provided/available for a project or programme e.g. funding; human resources; equipment; materials; or organizational capacity.

• OUTPUT: measure activity implementation or immediate results. Tracking these indicators should be specific to what communication activities were planned.

Types of Indicators to Track (2)

• OUTCOME: measure results of communication activities eg behaviour change of caretakers and family, knowledge of caretakers, etc.

• IMPACT: measure achievement of programme objectives. Communication’s contribution can only be inferred because many other factors influence programme impact.

INPUTS• Staff

• Funds

• Facilities

• Supplies

• Other Resources

OUTPUTSImmediate effects:

• # staff trained

• # community meetings organized

• changes in knowledge and skills

• # IEC materials produced

OUTCOMESShort term effects:

• Behavior change• Attitude change• Policy change • Increased

community contributions to programme

IMPACTLonger term changes in:• EPI coverage• Polio incidence• Social norms • Child health

EVALUATION(impact evaluation)

MONITORING(process evaluation)

Impact Indicator

Outcome Indicator

Output Indicator

Input Indicator

Example - Briefing Religious Leaders

# of households who accept polio vaccination in their home

# of religious leaders who incorporated messages in x% of their sermons/No briefed

# of religious leaders briefed/No in district

# of religious leaders willing to cooperate/ No briefed

Impact Indicator

Outcome Indicators

Output Indicators

Input Indicators

Example - IPC Training for HWs

# of mothers who bring their child to the immunization session on time

-# of trained health workers who tell at least 80% of mothers when to return; -mother’s knowledge after IPC

# of courses held; # of health workers trained; knowledge and skills acquired from training

-funding for training in place; -trainers available