KENNETT’S CLARIFICATIONSocrates & Syllogisms

Today’s Objectives Wrap up with our group presentations by

learning about Friedrich Nietzsche from Tom, Kayla, Levi

Gain more clarity on Socrates, syllogisms, inductive/deductive reasoning

Part 1: Nietzsche Tom, Kayla, Levi

Hook Question What things do you

know for sure? ie. Are you really in

this room right now? How do you know you’re not in a dream?

How do you know what you know?

Part 2: Socrates Socrates believed that all real

knowledge involves defining You learn about a subject through

deduction – moving from very general observations to more specific knowledge about a subject

You move to more specific knowledge through the use of syllogisms

Socrates’ Trial: Why? One of the most famous trials of all

time Charged for:

Corrupting the youth Shared idea such as “I is not the majority

opinion that yields correct policy, but rather genuine knowledge and professional competence which is possessed by only a few”

Impiety Failing to acknowledge the gods that the city

acknowledges Introducing new deities (often referred to his

spirit, but was really referring to his intuition)

Socrates’ Death Sentenced to death by drinking a

hemlock-based liquid

What were Socrates’ syllogisms?

What is an argument An argument is NOT:

A question (Are the snow tubers having fun?)

A proposal (Let’s go snow tubing!) A suggestion (We recommend that students

snow tube every day) A command (Don’t forget to snow tube!) An exclamation (Snow tubing’s crazy!)

An argument IS: A group of associated statements of belief

or opinion

Logical Syllogisms Major premise: All men (A) are mortal

(B). Minor premise: All Greeks (C) are men

(A). Conclusion: All Greeks (C) are mortal

(B).

Syllogistic Fallacies Major premise: Some cats (A) are black

things (B) Minor premise: Some black things (B)

are televisions (C) Conclusion: Some cats (A) are

televisions (C)

Syllogistic Thinking & Descartes Thought of as the father

of modern philosophy his denial of the thesis

that all knowledge must come from sensation.

Ultimately, explored metaphysics – the ultimate structure of reality

“I think, therefore I am” Let’s learn about the

origins of this phrase…

Practicing Logical Thinking: A Game One person writes a 3-4 digit number Another person guesses For each guess, the number creator

gives them a hint… Pico Fermi Bagels

Fermi: a correct digit placed correctly Pico: a correct digit placed incorrectly Bagels: no digits are correct