Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute I · 6 Current Affairs Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019 Discoveries in 2018 n Plague – The sample of the

Kem C. Gardner Policy InstituteD A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S I U N I V E R S I T Y O F U T A H

In Partnership with the Salt Lake Chamber

KEM C. GARDNER POLICY INSTITUTE

We are an honest broker of

INFORMED RESEARCH

that guides

INFORMED DISCUSSIONS

and leads to

INFORMED DECISIONS™

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S 1

Utah spent most of the past 12 months at the top of the U.S. economic leaderboard. Strong job growth, low unemployment, rising wages, and net in-migration fuel an economy that just keeps on going. Informed observers will recognize Utah’s prosperity,

but also see the nuance, intrigue, challenge, and even wonder in Utah’s economic script.

Utah Informed takes readers behind the curtains and shares fascinating details about Utah and the nation. For example…

n How did South Dakota surpass Utah’s fertility rate? A precipitous rise in teen pregnancies.

n Why aren’t Utah sales tax revenues keeping pace with economic growth? An aging population that spends a greater share of their income on health care.

n Why is Utah’s per capita water consumption so high? We are the second driest state with low water rates.

n Who has the most engaged NBA fans? Utah, of course.

In addition to sharing compelling trends and ideas, in this fourth edition of Utah Informed we give a nod on the cover to our Institute’s home, the Thomas S. Monson Center. The beautiful neoclassical mansion on South Temple Street was home to Enos A. Wall, the first entrepreneur to mine copper in Utah’s Bingham Canyon (today mined by Rio Tinto). Copper, which is known for its conductivity, provides a useful metaphor for the way Utah Informed transmits light to those who study it.

The Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute serves as an honest broker of informed research, that guides informed discussions, and leads to INFORMED DECISIONS™. We hope this edition of Utah Informed will help you make wise decisions in 2019.

January 2019

Natalie GochnourDirector, Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute

Taylor RandallDean, David Eccles School of Business

Derek MillerPresident & CEO, Salt Lake Chamber

Thanks for your interest,

2 Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

ContentsCurrent Affairs

Words and phrases to know in 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Discoveries in 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Top Google searches in the United States in 2018 . . . . . 7Voter turnout rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Political affiliations of U.S. Congress and

Utah Legislature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Recession Watch Duration of United States economic expansions . . . . . 10Federal budget balance as a percent of GDP . . . . . . . . . 11A history of yield curve inversion as a

recession warning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Extra yield on long over short-dated treasuries . . . . . . 13Animal Spirits Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Utah CEOutlook Confidence Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Utah Economy Industry-adjusted state-to-U.S. employment

growth ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Unemployment and other measures of labor

underutilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Hachman Index of economic diversity, 2017 . . . . . . . . . 18 Average annual employment growth in the

life sciences industry, 2012 to 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Annual employment growth and decline in

Utah’s counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Construction jobs as a percent of all Utah jobs . . . . . . . 21Percent of Utah families with income below poverty

status by educational attainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22The nation’s largest commuting zones with most

intergenerational mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Utah System of Higher Education graduation

rates, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Female share of the workforce in STEM and

other occupations, Fall 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Public elementary and secondary schools

pupil-teacher ratios, FY 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Utah public elementary and secondary school

pupil-teacher ratios, Fall 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Total miles driven per driving-age population . . . . . . . 28Utah Jazz player salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S 3

Economic Development Qualified opportunity zones in the West . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Qualified opportunity zones in Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31High-growth company density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Startup density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Where the state can help rural Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Economic Development Logic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Utah Jazz 3-point shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Public Finance Vicious tax cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Utah sales tax base as a percent of

personal income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Composition of state funds for higher education

in Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Number of services, by category, subject to

state sales and use taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Sales tax rates and total tax burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41State government employment per 1,000

population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42State of Utah budget stress test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Energy and Environment Mountain states’ average annual precipitation,

2013–2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Frequency of floods and flash floods in Utah . . . . . . . . . 45Residential water bill for 30,000 gallons of

water across the state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Mountain states’ domestic water consumption . . . . . . 47Energy industry employment as a percent of

total employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Utah energy production and consumption . . . . . . . . . . 49Renewable energy electricity generation in Utah . . . . 50Salt Lake County average days per week in each

air quality category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Health Health ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Life expectancy at birth by Utah small area,

2012–2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53County uninsured rates, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Average annual growth in Utah’s family income

and health insurance costs, 2006-2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Percent of adult Utahns in fair or poor health

by income, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Percent of kindergarteners with an exemption

from one or more vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57


ContentsReal Estate and Construction

States with most growth in detached single-family home permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Ratio of the median value of owner-occupied housing units to median household income, 2017 . . . . . . . . . 59

Composition of building permits for residential units by housing type, 2000–2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Wasatch Front commerical real estate under construction by property type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Utah median monthly mortgage payment and 30-year mortgage rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Mortgage debt balance per capita, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Growth in mortgage debt balance per capita,

2016-2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Travel and Tourism Visitor spending as a percent of state GDP, 2017 . . . . . 65Private leisure and hospitality sector jobs in

Utah’s counties, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66County Transient Room Tax revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67International visitor spending by country,

2016-2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Utah national park and monument indicators . . . . . . . 69Utah skier/snowboarder place of origin and stats . . . . 70

Utah Demographics Utah population components of change . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Total fertility rate, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Birth rates by age of mother, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Utah’s foreign born population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Salt Lake City population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Median age in Utah and the United States . . . . . . . . . . . 76Cumulative change in Utah persons per

household since 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Cities with the most- and least-engaged NBA fans . . . 78Utah Jazz Facebook followers by country . . . . . . . . . . . 79

The whole point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Editor-in-chief: Juliette Tennert

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Current Affairs 5

Words and phrases to know in 2019

n 2.12 – Utah’s current total fertility rate (TFR), the number of children who would be born per woman based on the current schedule of age-specific fertility rates: At 2.12, Utah’s TFR is at an all-time low and approaching the replacement rate.

n CA·VU – ceiling and visibility unlimited, a military term indicating an obstruction-free sky, coined by President George H. Bush to mean a clear and visible future where people can “easily identify the objectives and threats” in their paths: Seeking CAVU.

n con· sum· able ser· vice – service for which the identification of the place of consumption is straightforward: The State of Utah does not currently tax many consumable services.

n em· pa· thy – the ability to identify, understand, and share the feelings and perspectives of others: Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella believes that empathy is essential for innovation.

n fourth in· dus· tri· al rev· o· lu· tion – mobile internet, Internet of Things, additive manufacturing, and other innovations that will change our lives: The 4th Industrial Revolution will require policy innovations.

n in· land port – crossroads of the west fulfilled: Utah’s inland port will provide custom clearance for Chinese goods.

n juu·l ing – a slang term for the recreational use of a leading brand of electronic cigarettes in the U.S., JUUL: The American Academy of Pediatricians warns that juuling is on the rise, with devastating consequences.

nmis· in· for· ma· tion – incorrect or misleading information: The distribution of misinformation—and its close cousin, deliberate disinformation—jeopardizes our ability to make informed decisions. Russian troll farms and others propagate falsehoods on Facebook, Twitter, other social media, and by other means. These untruths imperil our ability to prosper.

n strike team – a mission-driven, multi-disciplinary, and well-resourced enterprise: The the Utah Coal Country Strike Team will raise incomes in Carbon and Emery counties.

n YIM·BY – yes in my backyard, a movement that lays the groundwork for more housing construction for people of all income levels: Can YIMBY overcome NIMBY?

6 Current Affairs Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Discoveries in 2018

n Plague – The sample of the oldest-known strain of the pneumonic plague, perhaps the world’s first major pandemic, was found in remains in a 5,000-year-old tomb in Sweden.

n Christmas Salamander – A newly-discovered aquatic salamander has Christmas-tree-shaped growths from its head, which it uses to breathe underwater.

n Saw Wasp – A species of wasp with a saw along its back was discovered. Scientists speculate it uses it to cut its way out of whatever other creature its parents laid its egg in.

n Hunchback Shrimp – A round-back and shell-less shrimp discovered in the Antarctic was named Epimeria quasimodo after the title character of “The Hunchback of Notre Dame.”

n Extraterrestrial Communications – Repeating radio burst deep in space flashes sporadically, making some researchers wonder if it’s a black hole or an advanced civilization.

n Ancient Wealth – An excavation in where Tenea, Greece once thrived revealed pottery, coins, and marble-clad homes, showing ancient Teneans were far wealthier than previously thought.

n The Thunderclap – A fossil of the world’s largest-known animal were uncovered. The “Ledumahadi mafube” or “giant thunderclap at dawn” weighed about 26,000 pounds and lived in Argentina 200 million years ago.

n Ancient Art – A 73,000-year-old drawing was found in a stone in South Africa. The unintelligible but deliberate lines are now called the earliest drawing ever found.

n Shellless Turtle – A 228 million-year-old fossil revealed turtles once lived without a shell; scientists are now studying how they evolved.

n Alzheimers – San Francisco scientists discovered a gene that causes people with it to be far more susceptible to Alzheimer’s.

n Blindness Cure – Using a patch of stem cells over the eye, scientists returned the sight of two blind patients.

nMartian Photos – NASA’s InSight, a newly landed Mars explorer, sent back clear images of Mars’ landscape, perhaps the next step in unlocking the Red Planet’s past.

n Exomoon – Astronomers discovered what may be the first known exomoon (moon outside the solar system).

n Gene Editing – A Chinese scientist claimed to have produced “gene-edited babies,” which would be the world’s first.

n Uterus Donor Success – A successful birth resulted from a uterus donated by a deceased woman for the first time.


Signs of our times

Top Google searches in the United States in 2018

Source: Google

All Searches1) World Cup2) Hurricane Florence3) Mac Miller4) Kate Spade5) Anthony Bourdain6) Black Panther7) Mega Millions Results8) Stan Lee9) Demi Lovato10) Election Results

News1) World Cup2) Hurricane Florence3) Mega Millions4) Election Results5) Hurricane Michael6) Kavanaugh Confirmation7) Florida Shooting8) Royal Wedding9) Olympic Medal Count10) Government Shutdown

People1) Demi Lovato2) Meghan Markle3) Brett Kavanaugh4) Logan Paul5) Khloé Kardashian6) Eminem7) Urban Meyer8) Ariana Grande9) Rick Ross10) Cardi B

What is...?1) What is Bitcoin?2) What is racketeering?3) What is DACA?4) What is a government shutdown?5) What is Good Friday?6) What is Prince Harry’s last name?7) What is Fortnite?8) What is a duck boat?9) What is a Yanny Laurel?10) What is a nationalist?

8 Current Affairs Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

A new high! Utah voter turnout exceeds US in 2018 midterm elections

Voter turnout ratesCounted ballots as a percent of total voting-eligible population

Source: United States Elections Project

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Utah United States

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%


*Party division totals are based on November Election Day results. The actual party division of a particular Congress often changes due to the death or resignation of a Member, contested elections, or changes in Member party affiliations.Sources: House.gov; Senate.gov Source: le.utah.gov

Midterm outcomes

Political affiliations of incoming U.S. Congress and Utah Legislature

116th United States Congress 63rd Utah Legislature

100 29435 75

Senate• 53 Republicans

Up from 51 in 115th Congress

• 45 Democrats Down from 47 in 115th Congress

• 2 Independents

House• 199 Republicans

Down from 241 in 115th Congress

• 235 Democrats Up from 194 in 115th Congress

1 Disputed North Carolina 9th district

Senate• 23 Republicans

Down from 24 in 62nd Legislature

• 6 Democrats Up from 5 in 62nd Legislature

House• 59 Republicans

Down from 62 in 62nd Legislature

• 16 Democrats Up from 13 in 62nd Legislature

10 Recession Watch Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Slated for the longest expansion on record

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of National Bureau of Economic Research and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data

Duration of United States economic expansionsLengh of expansion and average annual job growth

113 months (1.5%)

73 months (0.9%)

120 months (2.0%)

92 months (2.8%)

58 months (3.5%)

36 months (3.4%)

106 months (3.2%)

24 months (3.6%)

39 months (2.5%)

45 months (4.3%)

37 months (5.1%)

July 2009

November 2001

March 1991

December 1982

March 1975

November 1970

February 1961

April 1958

May 1954

October 1949

October 1945

Expa

nsio

n St

art

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Recession Watch 11

Economy expands, federal budget deteriorates

Federal budget balance as a percent of GDP

Note: Balance is the 4-quarter moving sum; Q4 2018 and beyond are forecast.Source: Wells Fargo Securities

-12%

-10%

-8%

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000Year

2004 2008 2012 2016 2020

Periods of Recession


Yielding the yield

A history of yield curve inversion as a recession warningSince pre-recession peak in 2005

Note: Inversion date is when the 3-month Treasury yield rises above the 10-year yield.Source: Refinitiv, as published in the Wall Street Journal, December 6, 2018

- 9.3%

24.3%

- 15.3%

7.7%

0.9%

12.2%

37.1%

13.2%

False Alarm

False Alarm

12

18

11

14

30

22

January 12, 1966

September 8, 1966

December 19, 1968

February 12, 1973

July 4, 1978

September 1, 1980

May 29, 1989

September 10, 1998

February 20, 2006

- 21.6% 9

Date of inversion

S&P 500 performance over next 12 months

Months torecession


Inversion season

Extra yield on long over short-dated treasuries

Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Jun

76

Jun

78

Jun

80

Jun

82

Jun

84

Jun

86

Jun

88

Jun

90

Jun

92

Jun

94

Jun

96

Jun

98

Jun

00

Jun

02

Jun

04

Jun

06

Jun

08

Jun

10

Jun

12

Jun

14

Jun

16

Jun

18

10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 3-Month Treasury Constant Maturity10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity


Do you believe in spirits?

Animal Spirits Index

Note: Index includes S&P 500 index, Conference Board consumer confidence index, yield spread, VIX index, and economic policy uncertainty index; the Animal Spirits Index seeks to “shed light on economic agents’ expectations about the near-term economic outlook.”Source: Wells Fargo Securities

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997Year

2003 2009 2015

Periods of Recession


Utah CEOs less optimistic

Utah CEOutlook Confidence IndexWhat is your expectation for the economy six months from now?

Source: Salt Lake Chamber CEOutlook composite score

66.07

59.21

61.67

58.75

61.36 61.43

55.47

50.0050

55

60

65

70

17-Q1 17-Q2 17-Q3 17-Q4 18-Q1 18-Q2 18-Q3 18-Q4

Index

16 Utah Economy Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Holding on to #1 for job growth in current expansion

TX1.49

CA1.46

MT0.70

NM0.23

AZ1.15

NV1.14

CO1.32

WY0.51

OR1.03

UT1.57

MN0.72ID

1.07

KS0.53

NE0.65

SD0.70

ND1.21

OK0.53

MO0.53

WA1.26

GA1.23

IL0.64

IA0.45

WI0.55

AR0.65

AL0.66

NC1.15

MS0.67

NY1.01

LA0.58

PA0.65

MI0.69

OH0.60

KY0.69

VA0.84

IN0.68

ME0.41

SC1.27

FL 1.44

TN1.02

WV0.00

AK0.34

HI 0.91

< 0.50

0.50 - 0.79

0.80 - 0.99

1.00 - 1.29

1.30 +

DE 0.93

RI 0.71

VT 0.54NH 0.65MA 1.16

NJ 0.75MD 0.83

C T 0.50

Note: Ratio of actual employment growth to the employment growth the state would have experienced if its industries grew at the same rate as those of the rest of the nation. Numbers above 1 indicate outperforming the nation.Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute

Industry-adjusted state-to-U.S. employment growth ratiosGrowth since end of recession, 2009-2017

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Utah Economy 17

2.6%3.2%

4.6%4.0%

0.5%

0.6%

0.9%

0.9%1.9%

2.4%

2.8%

2.9%

5.0%

6.2%

8.3%

7.8%

Q4 2007 Q3 2018 Q4 2007 Q3 2018

Involuntary Part-time Rate

Discouraged/Marginally Attached Worker Unemployment Rate

Headline Unemployment Rate

Utah United States

Unemployment limbo

Unemployment and other measures of labor underutilization Current and previous economic peak

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics data


Strength in diversity

Hachman Index of Economic Diversity, 2017

Note: Value of 100 would mean that state’s economic activity is distributed exactly like the nation’s; more diverse economies have a higher index score.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP data

TX76.3

CA93.1

MT80.1

NM62.5

AZ95.7

NV64.7

CO93.6

WY25.1

OR89.1

FL 92.0

UT96.9

MN94.6ID

79.2

KS90.3

NE69.5

SD65.2

ND51.1

OK57.7

MO96.8

WA87.7

IN76.0

GA95.2

IL95.6

IA74.8

WI92.3

AR88.6

AL91.1

NC92.5

MS86.8

NY79.9

LA85.6

PA95.5

MI92.2

OH93.9

KY90.4

VA89.1

ME91.1

SC90.9

TN91.9

WV54.2

AK31.9

HI 71.8

< 65.0

65.0 - 79.9

80.0 - 89.9

90.0 - 94.9

95.0 +

DE 53.5

RI 87.3

VT 90.9NH 95.0MA 90.0

NJ 93.4MD 87.4

C T 91.9


Life sciences boom (bloom?) in Utah

Average annual employment change in the life sciences industry, 2012 to 201720 states with most life sciences jobs

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data

TX2.4%

CA1.9%

AZ2.2%

CO3.0%

UT5.0%

MN2.0%

WA2.2%

GA4.4%

IL1.0%

WI1.0%

NC1.9%

NY0.3%

PA0.1%

MI1.6%

OH0.9%

FL 2.2%

TN1.3%

IN-0.2%

decline0.0% - 1.4%1.5% - 2.9%3.0% +Not a top 20 state

MA 2.4%

NJ -0.7%


Job Tetris, growth and decline in Utah’s counties

Annual employment growth and decline in Utah’s counties

Note: 2018 through second quarter.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages data

BeaverBox Elder

CacheCarbon

DaggettDavis

DuchesneEmery

GarfieldGrand

IronJuabKane

MillardMorgan

PiuteRich

Salt LakeSan JuanSanpete

SevierSummit

TooeleUintah

UtahWasatch

WashingtonWayneWeber

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Growth Decline


Construction employment back to pre-bubble levels

Construction jobs as a percent of all Utah jobs

Note: e = estimateSource: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Survey data

8.3%

5.4%

6.8%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

e

20-year average = 6.5%


The importance of educational attainment, a family perspective

Percent of Utah families with income below poverty status by educational attainment of householder

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 5-year 2013-2017 American Community Survey data

4.9%

15.0%

6.7%4.9%

2.8%

All families Less than high school graduate

High school graduate(includes equivalency)

Some college,Associates degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

All families Less than high school graduate

High school graduate(includes equivalency)

Some college,Associates degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

25.5%

46.6%

29.9%

24.2%

10.4%12.5%

22.4%

12.1% 11.6%6.9%

Female householder, no spouse present

Married-couple families

Male householder, no spouse present


Families rising

The nation’s largest commuting zones with most intergenerational mobilityAverage income percentile at age 30 of those whose parent’s income was in the 25th percentile

Source: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez “Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States”

40.841.1

41.341.3

41.542.0

42.242.3

42.442.7

42.843.243.2

43.443.4

43.844.1

44.244.2

44.344.4

44.644.7

45.246.2

Philadelphia

San Antonio

Fresno

PortlandMiami

Bu�alo

Denver

Fort Worth

Bridgeport

Sacramento

Houston

Washington DC

Seattle

Los Angeles

Providence

New York

Newark

Manchester

Minneapolis

San Diego

San FranciscoBoston

San Jose

Pittsburgh

Salt Lake City


Women finish what they start (and improve higher education graduation rates)

Utah System of Higher Education (USHE) graduation rates, 2017

Note: Graduation rates are measured by the percentage of first-time, full-time students who graduate within 150% of the published time for the program (six years for a four-year baccalaureate degree and three years for an associate degree). Source: Utah System of Higher Education

42%

67%

50%

33%

47% 48%

34%30%

22%

All USHESchools

Universityof Utah

Utah StateUniversity

Weber StateUniversity

SouthernUtah

University

SnowCollege

Dixie StateUniversity

Utah ValleyUniversity

Salt LakeCommunity

College

All USHESchools

Universityof Utah

Utah StateUniversity

Weber StateUniversity

SouthernUtah

University

SnowCollege

Dixie StateUniversity

Utah ValleyUniversity

Salt LakeCommunity

College

All Students

Female

46%

68%

53%

40%

51%58%

38%34%

25%

36%

67%

44%

25%

39% 36%28% 25%

19%

Male


The STEM gap

Female share of the workforce in STEM and other occupations, 2017

Note: STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematicsSource: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey data

20.6%

29.3%

46.0%48.2%

Utah United States

STEM Occupations Other Occupations


Larger classroom sizes in the West

Utah public elementary and secondary school pupil-teacher ratios, Fall 2015United States = 16.0

Note: The pupil-teacher ratio includes teachers for students with disabilities and other special teachers, while these teachers are generally excluded from class size calculations; ratios reflect totals reported by states and differ from totals reported for schools or school districts; data are most recent available for national comparisons.Source: U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data

TX15.3

CA23.9

MT14.0

NM15.5

AZ23.1

NV20.6

CO17.4

WY12.4

OR20.9

UT22.9

MN15.4ID

18.7

KS12.4

NE13.6

SD13.9

ND11.8

OK16.3

MO13.6

WA18.8

GA15.5

IL15.7

IA14.2

WI14.9

AR13.7

AL18.2

NC15.5

MS15.1

NY13.2

LA12.3

PA14.2

MI18.2

OH16.9

KY16.4

VA14.2

IN18.1

SC15.2

FL 15.3

TN15.1

ME12.2

WV14.1

AK16.9

HI 15.5

< 13.0

13.0 - 14.9

15.0 - 16.9

17.0 - 19.9

20.0 +

DC 12.4 DE 15.0

RI 13.4

VT 10.5NH 12.4MA 13.4

NJ 12.3MD 14.8

C T 12.3


23.023.0

23.123.223.3

23.624.0

24.624.8

25.2

Jordan

Box Elder

Nebo

Juab

Uintah

Cache

Davis

Alpine

Morgan

Provo

Districts with highest ratios

10.210.2

12.413.9

14.2

15.915.9

16.617.2

17.6

Daggett

Piute

Tintic

Wayne

Rich

Gar�eld

Grand

Park City

San Juan

Kane

Districts with lowest ratios

Utah public elementary and secondary school pupil-teacher ratios, FY 2017Utah average = 21.8

Note: District average = 19.8; Charter school average = 22.1Source: Utah State Board of Education

Provo has the highest student to teacher ratio in the state

QAMOA W A R D W I N N E R

Why student-teacher ratios matter

Higher amounts of engagement and retention

More individualized attention

Accommodation of different learning styles

Submitted by David Eccles School of Business QAMO (Quantitative Analysis of Markets & Organiztions) students Jessie Rabe and

Jonathan White.

Jessie Rabe Jonathan White


Utahns behind the wheel

Total miles driven per driving-age population

Note: Driving age population aged 15 and above.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Federal Highway Administration and U.S. Census Bureau data

10,000

10,500

11,000

11,500

12,000

12,500

13,000

13,500

14,000

14,500

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

United States Utah


Jazzonomics

Utah Jazz player salariesAnnual and cumulative since 1985

Source: Utah Jazz

$0.00

$0.20

$0.40

$0.60

$0.80

$1.00

$1.20

$1.40

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

85‐8

686

‐87

87‐8

888

‐89

89‐9

090

‐91

91‐9

292

‐93

93‐9

494

‐95

95‐9

696

‐97

97‐9

898

‐99

99‐0

000

‐01

01‐0

202

‐03

03‐0

404

‐05

05‐0

606

‐07

07‐0

808

‐09

09‐1

010

‐11

11‐1

212

‐13

13‐1

414

‐15

15‐1

616

‐17

17‐1

8

BillionsMill

ions

Historical Player Salaries

Annual Player Salaries Cumulative Player Salary

30 Economic Development Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Opportunity Zones (format as c hec klis t bullet points )P art of the T ax C uts and J obs A c t of 2017E c onomic ally-dis tres s ed c ommunities des ignated by the G overnor of each s tate for preferential tax treatment to s pur new inves tmentInves tors can defer c apital gains until s ale or exc hange, through 202610% exc lus ion of deferred gains for inves tments held longer than 5 years 15% exc lus ion of deferred gains for inves tments held longer than 7 years100% exc lus ion of deferred gains for inves tments held longer than 10 years

Land of opportunity

Qualified opportunity zones in the West

Source: U.S. Department of Treasury Community Development Financial Institutions Fund Opportunity Zones Resources and Internal Revenue Service Opportunity Zones Frequently Asked Questions

Opportunity Zones

Part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017

Economically-distressed communities designated by the governor of each state for preferential tax treatment to spur new investment. Investors can defer capital gains until sale or exchange, through 2026

10% exclusion of deferred gains for investments held longer than 5 years



D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Economic Development 31

TOOELE

SAN JUAN

MILLARD

KANE

JUAB

IRON

EMERY

BOX ELDER

UINTAH

GARFIELD

GRAND

UTAH

WAYNEBEAVER

DUCHESNE

SEVIER

RICH

SUMMIT

SANPETE

WASHINGTON

CARBON

CACHE

PIUTE

WASATCH

DAVIS

WEBER

DAGGETT

SALT LAKE

MORGAN

Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri Korea,

UTAH

TOOELE

DAVIS

SALT LAKE

WEBER

MORGAN

How will Utah leverage opportunity zones?

Qualified opportunity zones in Utah

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics data


Look at us grow!

Source: Kauffman Foundation 2017 Kauffman Index of Growth Entrepreneurship State Trends

TX82.8

CA88.9

MT26.2

NM16.2

NV45.3

CO96.9

WY12.9

OR70.0

AZ101.6

MN73.7ID

38.3

KS61.9

NE42.6

SD42.0

ND39.9

OK30.7

MO47.4

WA87.9

UT174.8

IL76.6

IA32.7

WI39.9

AR17.9

AL66.0

NC69.9

MS19.7

NY67.1

LA40.9

GA124.5

PA64.2

MI57.3

OH85.1IN

55.1

SC67.7

TN71.2

KY30.8

ME28.7

VA208.3

WV31.7

AK7.3

HI 26.8FL 77.0

< 50.0

50.0 - 74.9

75.0 - 99.9

100.0 +

DE 76.2

RI 19.2

VT 12.6NH 67.2MA 100.0

NJ 73.4MD 102.8

C T 37.9

High-growth company densityNumber of private businesses with at least $2 million in annual revenue reaching three years of 20 percent annual revenue

growth, normalized by total business population


Start me up

Startup densityStartups per 1,000 firm population

Note: Startup businesses here are defined as firms less than one-year-old employing at least one person besides the owner.Source: Kauffman Foundation 2017 Kauffman Index of Startup Activity State Trends

TX90.9

CA89.6

MT68.5

NM65.2

AZ85.8

CO88.2

WY70.9

OR77.0

NV108.4 UT

91.0

MN64.2ID

80.2

KS64.8

NE61.7

SD62.6

ND84.7

OK72.9

MO95.5

WA81.5

GA82.4

IL69.1

IA54.7

WI59.1

AR66.6

AL63.4

NC74.7

MS64.1

NY83.3

LA64.8

PA60.6

MI64.4

OH57.4IN

61.6

SC73.3

TN69.3

KY76.3

VA73.7

ME62.8

WV51.1

AK69.9

HI 62.7FL 98.7

< 70.070.0 - 79.980.0 - 89.990.0 +

DE 77.0

RI 60.0

VT 58.0NH 58.3MA 66.9

NJ 76.1MD 68.6

C T 58.9


Rural economic development incentives - time for an update?

Where the state can help rural UtahItems identified in rural county economic development plans

Incentive Update

18

Infrastructure

11

Economic Development

Capacity Building

8

Transportation

7

Higher Education Funding & Alligning

6

Workforce Development

6

Housing Quality/

Affordability

3

State Job Relocation

3

Energy/ Natural

Resources

2

Recruitment/ Investment

7

Regulation/ Policy

7

Inter-Government & Business

Relationships

7

Note: Circle size and number identify count of plans mentioning each item.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of rural county economic development plans submitted to the Utah Governor’s Office of Economic Development


Some considerations...

Economic Development Logic Model

Intial/Baseline Conditions Inputs

Outcomes

Outputs(Program Activities)

Capacity Outcomes(Shorter-term)

Realized Outcomes(Longer-term)

Economic Conditions/

Business Cycle (regional,

national, global)

Industry/Cluster Conditions,

Competitiveness & Levels of Definition/

Development

Existing Regional Networks & Innovation Ecosystems

Existing Workforce Skills

& Knowledge

Portfolio of Programs

Facilities & Equipment

Product, Production Processes, & Business

Capacities

Regional-Level:

• Establishment Growth/Survival

• Job Growth

• Earnings/Wage Growth

• Revenue/Sales Growth

• Opportunities/Equity

• Increased Share of Cluster Activity

EDA FundingEvents,

Networking & Referrals

Markets & Business Networks

Other FundingR&D &

Commercialization Support

Innovation, Technology Transfer, & Commercialization

Client/Participant Resources

Financing Support

Financing & Investment

Mentoring, Coaching, & Training

Human Capital & Workforce

Planning & Institutional

Development

Organizational Capacity

Source: U.S. Economic Development Administration


You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take

Utah Jazz 3-point shotsAttempts and makes

Source: Basketballreference.com

185

2,425

59

887

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

AttemptsMakes Quin Synder

Coach

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Public Finance 37

Can the cycle be broken?

Vicious tax cycle

Source: Utah Governor’s Office of Management and Budget

Tax Base GetsNarrower and

Narrower

Pressure to Increase Taxes

Insu�cient Tax Revenue

IncreasedPressure for

Exemptions and Deductions

38 Public Finance Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Utah’s narrowing sales tax base

Utah sales tax base as a percent of personal income

Note: 2018 and beyond are forecasted.Source: Utah Governor’s Office of Management and Budget and Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute

67%

42%

35%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025


No more fiscal wiggle room...

Composition of state funds for higher education in UtahEducation Fund and General Fund contributions

Note: Fiscal years; 2019 and 2020 figures are based on Governor Herbert’s budget recommendations.Source: Utah Governor’s Office of Management and Budget

94%

93%

66%

65%

53%

72%

97%

86%

65%

66%

34%

9% 61%

60%

69%

65%

42%

46%

38%

23%

32%

27%

4% 3%

6% 7%

34%

35%

47%

28%

3%

14%

35%

34%

66%

91%

39%

40%

31%

35%

58% 54

%

62%

77%

68%

73%

96%

97%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Education Fund General Fund


Considerations for broadening the base

Number of services, by category, subject to state sales and use taxesMaximum, median, and Utah counts

Note: Total services equal to maximum taxed in all categories but Admissions/Amusements (15 services) and Other Services (47 services); the most recent counts for AZ, LA, MD, MA, NM, and OK are from 2007; all other counts are from 2017.Source: Federation of Tax Administrators Sales Taxation of Services Survey; Medians calculated by Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute

HI, WANM, AR

16

HI, WANM, DE

20

HI, WANM, DE

9

DE19

WA44

HI, DE34

Utah7

Utah8 Utah

6

Utah0 Utah

5

Utah11

Utah0

Utah15

Utah12

Util

ities

Pers

onal

Serv

ices

Busi

ness

Serv

ices

Com

pute

rSe

rvic

es

Onl

ine

Serv

ices

Adm

issi

ons/

Am

usem

ents

Prof

essi

onal

Serv

ices

Fabr

icat

ion,

Repa

ir &

Inst

alla

tion

Oth

erSe

rvic

es

HI, WA, NM, SD, TX

8

WA, DE,SD, CT,TX, OH,

PA8

HI, NM,WI14

10

57

1

4

10

0

68


It’s all relative

Sales tax rates and total tax burden

Note: Tax rates are as of 2018 and tax burden estimates as of 2015, the most recent comparable data available; severance tax collections are excluded from tax burden analysis.Source: Tax Foundation and Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau Survey of State and Local Finances data and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis data

Combined State & Local Sales Tax Rates

All State and Local Taxes as a Percent of Personal Income

CA8.6%

MTno sales tax

NM7.8%

AZ8.4%

NV8.1%

CO7.5%

WY5.4%

ORno sales tax

UT6.8%

ID6.0%

WA9.2%

CA11.1%

MT9.1%

NM9.8%

AZ9.0%

NV9.8%

CO9.0%

WY8.7%

OR10.2%

UT9.3%

ID9.1%

WA9.2%

Combined State and Local Sales Tax Rates

All State and Local Taxes as a Percent of Personal Income


Gaining efficiencies in state government

State government employment per 1,000 population

Note: Excludes higher education.Source: Utah Governor’s Office of Management and Budget

8.9

6.6

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

State of Utah budget stress test


State of Utah budget stress test

State budget could withstand stagflation and moderate recessions; another Great Recession would be more challengingHypothetical budget gaps vs. reserve availability as a percent of state fund appropriations

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of Utah Office of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst data

Year 1: 3.0% Year 1: 5.6%

Year 1: - 0.2%

Year 2: 10.2%

Year 2: 14.5%

Year 3: 10.6%

Year 3: 14.7%Year 4: 9.4%

Year 4: 13.1%

Year 5: 6.2%

Year 5: 9.3%

4.1%

17.1%

19.0%

8.0%

2.7%

Total: 39.4%

Total: 57.3%

Year 2: 5.9%

Year 3: 6.7%

Year 4: 3.0%

Year 5: - 3.0%

Total: 12.5%

Total: 50.9%

Value at Risk, Adverse Scenario

Value at Risk,Severely Adverse

ScenarioValue at Risk,

Stag�ation Scenario

Reserves

Very Di�cult Di�cult Somewhat Di�cult Moderately Easy Easy

Reserves Accessibility

cumulative: 48.2%

cumulative: 40.2%

cumulative: 21.2%

44 Energy and Environment Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Pray for rain...

Mountain states’ average annual precipitation, 2013–2017Inches per year

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

10.2

11.9

13.8

14.8

17.4

19.1

19.4

24.1

Nevada

Arizona

Utah

New Mexico

Wyoming

Colorado

Montana

Idaho

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Energy and Environment 45

...but not all at once

Frequency of floods and flash floods in Utah

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Flash Floods

Floods


Variation in water pricing

Residential water bill for 30,000 gallons of water across the state

Note: Base rates plus the incremental costs for each 1,000 gallons. Source: Utah Governor’s Office of Management and Budget

Rank City/District $ Rank City/District $ Rank City/District $ Rank City/District $1 Park City $347.68 31 Wendover $84.32 61 Clinton $63.00 91 Panguitch $46.09 2 Cedar Hills $172.76 32 Gunnison $82.40 62 West Point $62.35 92 Murray $46.05 3 Washington Terrace $151.30 33 Sandy $80.94 63 St. George $61.52 93 Perry $44.50 4 Pleasant Grove $143.46 34 West Bountiful $80.16 64 Logan $61.50 94 Eagle Mountain $44.00 5 American Fork $139.80 35 West Jordan $79.37 65 Taylorsville-Bennion ID $61.41 95 Clearfield $43.29 6 Coalville $130.00 36 Midvale Area 3 $78.91 66 La Verkin $61.30 96 Delta $42.10 7 Kane County $121.25 37 Roosevelt $78.00 67 Vineyard $60.84 97 Provo - Winter $41.39 8 Draper $119.50 38 Lindon $77.47 68 Spanish Fork $59.20 98 Springville $41.25 9 Riverton $119.05 39 South Salt Lake $77.25 69 Sunset $58.50 99 Brigham City $40.96 10 Morgan $119.00 40 Elwood $77.00 70 Provo - Summer $58.49 100 Huntington $40.80 11 Toquerville $116.21 41 Magna $76.87 71 Salt Lake City $58.11 101 Orem $40.46 12 North Ogden $115.85 42 Ivins $76.55 72 Mona $58.00 102 Beaver $40.20 13 Saratoga Springs $115.60 43 Herriman $76.19 73 Cedar City $56.20 103 Castle Dale $40.00 14 Wellington $110.33 44 Monticello $76.10 74 Blanding $56.10 104 Layton $39.07 15 Pleasant View $108.25 45 Manila $75.25 75 Payson $55.14 105 Nibley $39.00 16 Fruit Heights $105.10 46 Richmond $75.00 76 Kanab $55.00 106 Tooele $37.50 17 Kaysville $100.05 47 South Ogden $74.87 77 Heber City $54.61 107 Wellsville $36.50 18 Salem $98.50 48 Aurora $72.80 78 North Logan $54.21 108 Hyde Park $36.00 19 Alpine $97.00 49 Midvale Area 2 $72.55 79 Bona Vista Water $54.17 109 Moab $36.00 20 Kearns ID $96.55 50 Fairview $72.50 80 Smithfield $53.40 110 Riverdale $33.85 21 Ogden $94.55 51 Hurricane $70.00 81 Orangeville $51.35 111 Richfield $33.50 22 Bluffdale $93.00 52 Bountiful $68.60 82 Tremonton $51.25 112 Nephi $33.00 23 Farmington $89.55 53 Mount Pleasant $67.50 83 Highland $49.86 113 Grantsville $31.10 24 South Jordan $88.50 54 Centerville $67.00 84 Lehi $48.95 114 Lewiston $30.94 25 Elk Ridge $88.25 55 Santaquin $66.38 85 Fillmore $48.50 115 Randolph $30.00 26 South Weber $87.10 56 Granger-Hunter ID $66.01 86 Francis $47.50 116 Enoch $29.00 27 Syracuse $87.00 57 North Salt Lake $64.70 87 Roy $47.05 117 Oakley $29.00 28 Vernal $85.90 58 Woods Cross $63.60 88 Milford $47.00 118 Manti $28.50 29 Mapleton $85.50 59 Washington $63.17 89 Ephraim $46.62 119 Hyrum $25.60 30 Price $84.42 60 Midvale Area 1 $63.13 90 Ferron $46.25


Dry but thirsty

Mountain states’ domestic water consumptionGallons per capita per day

Source: USGS Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2015

81

106

123

126

145

156

169

184

New Mexico

Montana

Colorado

Nevada

Arizona

Wyoming

Utah

Idaho


Top 20 for energy industry jobs

Energy industry employment as a percent of total employment, 2017

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

TX6.62%

CA4.43%

MT5.22%

ID

CO4.79%

OR3.85%

WY14.38%

NM5.56%

KS4.81%

AZ

NVNE

SD

MN

ND8.86%

WA

UT4.22%

GA

IA

FL

AR

AL4.19%

OK6.57%

MOKY

MS

TN

LA6.92%

IL

WI

VA

IN

NC

SC3.88%

NY

PA

MI4.23%

OH

ME

WV6.32%

AK6.74%

HI

14.5% 3.5%

DC DE 4.19%

RI

VT 5.56%NH MA 4.31%

NJ MD

C T


Energy is one of our state’s many exports

Utah energy production and consumptionGigawatt hours

Note: e = estimateSource: Utah Geological Survey

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

e

Net generation

Consumption


Solar gains momentum

Renewable energy electricity generation in Utah, 2017Percent of total electricity generation

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

United States, Renewable Sources

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%Other

Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic

Wind

Geothermal


Best air quality is in the fall

Salt Lake County average days per week in each air quality categoryNovember 2013 to October 2018

Note: Unhealthy air days are characterized by high ozone levels in the summer and high levels of particulate matter in the winter. “Unhealthy” category includes the less severe “unhealthy for sensitive groups” category. Index is based on ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide content.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data

3.9 3.9

1.4

5.1

2.1

3.0

4.2

1.80.7

0.031.4

0.1

Winter(Dec-Feb)

Spring(Mar-May)

Summer(Jun-Aug)

Fall(Sep-Nov)

Unhealthy Moderate Good

52 Health Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Utah 4th healthiest in the nation

Health ranking

Source: United Health Foundation 2017 America’s Health Rankings Annual Report

TX34

CA17

MT22

NM36

AZ31

NV37

CO7

WY26

OR20

UT4

MN6ID

14

KS25

NE13

SD24

ND18

OK43

MO40

WA9

GA41

IL27

IA15

WI21

AR48

AL47

NC33

MS50

NY10

LA49

PA28

MI35

OH39IN

38

SC44

FL 32

TN45

KY42

VA19

ME23

WV46

AK29

HI 2

41-5031-4021-3011-201-10

DE 30

RI 11

VT 3NH 8MA 1

NJ 12MD 16

C T 5

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Health 53

Another way to look at quality of life

Life expectancy at birth by Utah small area, 2012–2016

Note: Life expectancy can be used to gauge the overall health of a community.Source: Utah Department of Health, Center for Health Data and Informatics

Summit County81.5

Logan 81.8

Tooele County77.8

San Juan County

79.1

Juab, Millard & Sanpete Counties

79.1

Grand County

79.2

Sevier, Piute & Wayne Counties77.8

Beaver, Gar�eld, Kane & Iron Counties

(except Cedar City)77.3

Daggett, Duchesne & Uintah Counties

77.5

Box Elder County (except Brigham City) - 80.5

Cedar City78.5

Rich & Cache Counties (except Logan) - 80.7

Washington County (except St George) - 81.0

St George81.4

Brigham City75.4

73.2 to 76.0 (Shortest Life)

76.8 to 78.6

79.1 to 81.2

81.3 to 84.5 (Longest Life)

County Boundary

Red Bottom 4 areas with the shortest life expectancy

Green Top 4 areas with the longest life expectancy

Carbon & Emery

Counties74.7

Farmington/

Avenues

SLC - Glendale

84.1

Ogden - Downtown

Centerville

Foothill/

84.5

South Salt Lake

73.2

74.4

74.8

83.1

Provo-North/

BYU82.7

UofU

N


Variation in Utah’s uninsured rates pre-Medicaid expansion

County uninsured rates, 2016Percent of population aged 65 and younger without health insurance

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau Small Area Health Insurance Estimates

Tooele8.1

Millard13.1

San Juan17.1

Kane8.6

Iron11.9

Juab10.2

Box Elder8.4

Emery8.7

Uintah12.9

Gar �eld14.7

Grand13.9

Utah7.9

Beaver12 Wayne

13.6

Duchesne13.7

Sevier10.6

Rich10.2

Carbon9.4

Washington11.6

Cache9.3

Sanpete12.7

Piute12.8

Salt Lake10.9

6.5 - 8.1

8.4 - 9.7

10.2 - 11.6

11.9 - 13.9

14.7 - 17.1

Davis 6.7

Weber 9.6Morgan

6.5

Wasatch9.5

Summit 20.5 Daggett 9.7

State Rate: 9.7


Harder to keep up

Average annual growth in Utah’s family income and health insurance costs, 2006-2016

Note: Income is median family income; premiums and deductibles represent average employee contributions and deductibles for private-sector employees enrolled in single and family coverage; data are inflation-adjusted (2016).Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey data

0% 2%1% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%

Prem

ium

s

1.7%

2.4%

Ded

uctib

les

6.4%

Family Income

Family Plan

Individual Plan

Family Plan

Individual Plan

3.9%

0.4%


Income and health, a strong correlation

Percent of adult Utahns in fair or poor health by income, 2016

Note: Each square represents three percent of the adult population (age 18+) with fair of poor general health; data is age-adjusted.Source: Utah Department of Health Office of Public Health Assessment Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

27.7% <$25,000

Percent of population Income

14.2% $25,000 - $49,999

7.2% $50,000 - $74,999

7.0% $75,000 +


Vaccination worries

Percent of kindergarteners with an exemption from one or more vaccines 2016–17 school year

Note: Non-medical exemptions in Utah rose from 3.6 percent in 2009–2010 to 4.9 percent in 2016–2017. Medical exemptions have remained stable at 0.2 percent. Sample designs vary by state. Medical and non-medical exemptions may not be mutually exclusive, and some children may have both exemptions.Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

0.1%

5.1%

6.8%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

MS

WV AL

LA IN NY

CA DC KY DE RI VA MA TN AR

MD IA KS NC TX NJ

OK NE SC SD CT N

M PA OH FL GA HI

NH

ND M

IM

T VT NV

WA

ME

AZ UT WI

ID OR

AK

58 Real Estate and Construction Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Utah leads single-family housing recovery

States with most growth in detached single-family home permitsSince pre-recession peak in 2005

Note: Most recent data is for 2017.Source: U.S. Census Bureau

34%

35%

37%

40%

44%

44%

49%

56%

57%

61%

68%

72%

Nevada

Arizona

California

Florida

Georgia

Oregon

US

Washington

Idaho

Colorado

Texas

Utah

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Real Estate and Construction 59

Growth in Utah home values far outpacing income growth

Ratio of the median value of owner-occupied housing units to median household income, 2017United States = 3.5

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 1-year American Community Survey data

TX2.9

CA7.1

MT4.3

AZ3.9

NV4.5

NM3.7

CO5.0

OR5.3

WY3.5

UT4.0

ID4.0

KS2.7

NE2.6

SD3.0

MN3.3

OK2.7

ND3.1

WA4.8

MO2.9

GA3.1

IL3.1

IA2.5

WI3.0

FL 4.1

AR2.8

AL2.9

NC3.2

NY4.8

MS2.8

LA3.5

PA3.1

MI2.8

KY2.9

OH2.7

VA3.8

IN2.6

ME3.4

SC3.2

TN3.3

WV2.8

AK3.7

HI 7.9

< 2.9

2.9 - 3.4

3.5 - 3.8

3.9 - 4.6

4.7 +

DC 7.4DE 4.0

RI 4.0

VT 3.9NH 3.6MA 5.0

NJ 4.2MD 3.9

C T 3.7


Apartment boom in Salt Lake City

Composition of building permits for residential units by housing type, 2000–2017Share of residential building permits

Balance of Wasatch Front = Davis, Utah, and Weber counties; Ring counties = Juab, Morgan, Tooele, and Summit countiesNote: Other includes group quarters, mobile homes, manufactured homes, cabins, accessory dwelling units, and any other dwelling unit type not covered by apartments, condominiums, townhomes, duplexes, or detached single-family homes; regions are mutually exclusive.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of Ivory-Boyer Construction Database data

75%

21%14%

6% 9%

11%

59% 71% 74%

69%

14%19%

15%8%

13%

0% 1% 1% 2%

9%

Salt Lake City Balance of Salt LakeCounty

Balance of WasatchFront

Ring Counties Balance of the State

Apartments Single-Family Detached Condo/Townhome/Duplex Other


Retail dives, apartments soar

Wasatch Front commerical real estate under construction by property typePercent of total stock

Note: 2018 as of the third quarter.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Insitute analysis of CoStar Group Inc. data

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Apartment O�ce Industrial Retail


Double whammy of rising interest rates and home prices

Utah median monthly mortgage payment and 30-year mortgage rates

Note: Median monthly payment is based on median sales price for single-family homes.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of UtahRealEstate.com, Freddie Mac, and Mortgage Bankers Association data

$1,2

25

$1,1

22

$1,0

81

$1,0

09

$1,0

34

$1,1

50

$1,4

25

$1,6

02

$1,5

39

$1,3

16

$1,1

91

$1,0

58

$1,0

14

$1,2

15

$1,2

72

$1,3

12

$1,3

73

$1,5

69

$1,9

29

8.14%

5.85% 5.79%

6.39%

6.04%

3.66%3.59%

4.86%

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Monthly Payment 30-year Mortgage Rate


Utah mortgage debt among highest in nation

Mortgage debt balance per capita, 2017States with highest and lowest rankings

Note: Population is ages 18 years and older with an Equifax credit file; District of Columbia mortgage debt per capita = $62,080.Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York State Level Household Debt Statistics 2003-2017

Top Ten Bottom Ten

$41,790

$41,580

$41,830

$45,760

$47,110

$47,370

$50,900

$50,900

$54,640

$54,680

CT

AK

UT

MA

WA

VA

CO

MD

CA

HI

$15,230

$15,240

$18,200

$19,830

$20,010

$20,820

$21,000

$21,500

$22,810

$23,130

MS

WV

AR

OK

KY

LA

AL

OH

IN

MI


Utah’s growth in mortgage debt burden second in nation

Growth in mortgage debt balance per capita, 2016-2017United States = 4.3%

Note: Population is ages 18 years and older with an Equifax credit file; District of Columbia mortgage debt per capita = $62,080.Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York State Level Household Debt Statistics 2003-2017

TX5.3%

CA5.3%

MT4.1%

NM1.2%

AZ6.9%

NV6.4%

CO8.2%

WY5.0%

OR5.0%

UT7.5%

MN2.5%ID

5.4%

KS3.9%

NE5.1%

SD4.3%

ND4.5%

OK5.7%

MO2.9%

WA5.5%

GA4.5%

IL1.5%

IA2.3%

WI1.3%

AR3.5%

AL3.4%

NC4.4%

MS4.5%

NY2.8%

PA2.8%OH

2.6%IN3.7%

LA4.4%

TN6.5%

MI3.6%

KY3.1%

VA3.4%

ME1.5%

SC4.8%

WV2.6%

AK1.6%

HI 4.4%FL 4.3%

< 2.0%

2.0% - 3.9%

4.0% - 4.9%

5.0% - 5.9%

6.0% +

DC 4.7%DE 3.8%

RI 3.3%

VT 1.7%NH 1.7%MA 4.2%

NJ 2.8%MD 3.7%

C T 1.3%

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Travel and Tourism 65

What happens in Vegas happens elsewhere too

Visitor spending as a percent of state GDP, 2017

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Travel Association and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis data

TX4.4%

CA5.0%

MT9.6%

NM7.6%

AZ6.2%

CO5.8%

WY9.0%

OR5.4%

NV26.6% UT

5.4%

MN4.2%ID

6.5%

KS4.8%

NE4.2%

SD5.7%

ND5.7%

OK4.3%

MO4.8%

WA3.7%

GA5.3%

IL4.8%

IA4.7%

WI3.6%

AR5.8%

AL4.6%

NC4.6%

MS6.0%

NY5.0%

PA3.5%OH

3.1%IN3.3%

LA5.4%

TN5.8%

MI3.9%

KY4.7%

VA5.0%

ME6.7%

SC6.5%

WV5.6%

AK5.5%

HIFL 10.0%

28.7%

< 4.0%

4.0% - 4.9%

5.0% - 6.9%

7.0% - 9.9%

10.0% +

DE 3.0%

RI 3.6%

VT 7.9%NH 5.2%MA 4.2%

NJ 3.7%MD 4.4%

C T 4.3%

66 Travel and Tourism Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

Travel and tourism drives over a third of all jobs in six counties

Private leisure and hospitality sector jobs in Utah’s counties, 2017Percent of total private employment and top ten for job growth

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of Utah Department of Workforce Services data

Growth in Private Leisure and Hospitality Employment, Top Ten Counties, 2013-2017San Juan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7%Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.6%Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0%Grand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1%Wasatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7%Box Elder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4%Sanpete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3%Millard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1%Juab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7%Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.8%


Tax exporting

County Transient Room Tax revenueAnnual change and top ten collectors

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of Utah State Tax Commission data

County Transient Room Tax Revenue, Top Ten Counties, FY 2017 ($ millions)Salt Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18.3Summit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $9.5Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7.1Grand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4.7Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.4Kane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.5Garfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.9Wasatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.9Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.6Weber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.6


O Canada

International visitor spending by country, 2016-2017$ millions and year-over-year change

Source: Tourism Economics

+31.5%

+10.6%

+13.2%

+11.0%

+7.8%

-5.2%

+4.0%

-0.2%

-0.5%

+9.9%

$0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 $140 $160 $180 $200 $220

Taiwan

Brazil

South Korea

Japan

Australia

United Kingdom

Germany

France

China

Canada

2016

2017


Utah’s national parks: efficiency, understaffing, or both?

Utah national park and monument indicatorsJobs and visits

Note: e = estimateSource: National Park Services and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

e

Mill

ions

of V

isito

rs

National Park Jobs

National Park & Monument VisitsNational Park Jobs


Taking advantage of the greatest snow on earth

Utah skier/snowboarder place of origin and stats

Source: RRC Associates

New York 4%

Florida 4%

Texas 5%

International 7%

California 10%

All other states33%

Utah37%

Average age: 40.3 years

Length of stay: 5.8 nights

Stay in commercial lodging: 67%

Averagelodging rate: $431/night

First time visit to Utah: 33%

New York 4%

Florida 4%

Texas 5%

International 7%

California 10%

All other states33%

Utah37%

Average age: 40.3 years

Length of stay: 5.8 nights

Stay in commercial lodging: 67%

Averagelodging rate: $431/night

First time visit to Utah: 33%

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S Utah Demographics 71

Utah natural increase continues descent

Utah population components of change

Source: Utah Population Committee (2010-2018) and Utah Population Estimates Committee (2000-2009)

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

(20,000)

(10,000)

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

Net MigrationTotal Change Natural Increase (births less deaths)

72 Utah Demographics Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019

TX1.92

CA1.69

MT1.80

NM1.76

AZ1.79

NV1.77

CO1.63

WY1.86

OR1.56

UT2.12

MN1.87ID

2.01

KS1.93

NE2.06

SD2.23

ND2.06

OK1.90

MO1.81

WA1.71

GA1.79

IL1.73

IA1.94

WI1.79

AR1.91

AL1.82

NC1.77

MS1.85

NY1.65

LA1.88

PA1.69

MI1.76

OH1.83IN

1.87

SC1.73

FL 1.71

TN1.80

KY1.90

VA1.75

ME1.58

WV1.73 DE 1.75

RI 1.51

VT 1.52NH 1.51MA 1.51

NJ 1.75

DC1.42

MD 1.75

C T 1.59

AK2.02

HI 1.89

<1.60

1.60 - 1.73

1.74 - 1.83

1.84 - 1.94

>1.94

Oh mother, where art thou?

Total fertility rate, 2017Births per woman

Note: The total fertility rate is the expected number of births per woman based on the current schedule of age-specific birth rates.Source: National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System Births: Final Data for 2017


22.6

87.7

147.5

125.5

50.9

10.415.2

81.8

140.3

121.4

52.5

11.9

0.9

18.8

71.0

98.0 100.3

52.3

11.6

0.9

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49*

South Dakota Utah United States

South Dakota’s fertility rate driven, in part, by teen births

Birth rates by age of mother, 2017Births per 1,000 women

*South Dakota does not meet standards of reliability; fewer than 20 births.Source: National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System Births: Final Data for 2017


More new Utahns arriving from Asia than any other region

Utah’s foreign born populationRecent arrivals by region of birth

Note: 1990-2000 entrance from 2000 Census, through March 2000; 2000 and later entrance from 2007-2011 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates; 2010 and later entrance from 2012-2016 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Decennial Census and American Community Survey 2011 and 2016 5-Year Estimates

16.5%

20.2%

44.5%

64.9%

62.9%

34.3%

10.9%

7.4%

9.5%

2.0%

4.6%

5.3%

2.9%

2.2%

3.3%

2.7%

2.7%

3.1%

Entered1990-2000

Entered after 2000

Enteredafter 2010

Asia Latin America Europe Africa Northern America Oceania


Utah’s capital city population reaches a milestone; still shrinking in proportion to county

Salt Lake City populaton

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Division Estimates

72.9%

17.7%

189,454

159,936

200,544

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017

Share of Salt Lake County

Salt Lake City Population


Median-aged Utahns still can’t run for president, getting closer

Median age in Utah and the United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

19.2

22.9

30.1

25.1

28.1

23.1

38.1

31.0

0

40

30

20

10

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 2017

United States

Utah


-1.4

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Householding Behavior Contribution Population Age Composition Contribution

From Leave it to Beaver to Modern Family

Cumulative change in Utah persons per household since 1920Persons per household was 4.5 in 1920, 3.1 at last census

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of IPUMS USA: Version 8.0 data


Cities with the most- and least-engaged NBA fans.

Most engaged fans Least engaged fans

Source: WalletHub ranking based on ticket prices, stadium accessibility, fan engagement, and NBA and NCAA team performance.


It’s a small world

Rank Country Followers

1 USA 475,791

2 Philippines 475,570

3 India 193,418

4 Nigeria 57,780

5 Brazil 56,186

6 Mexico 51,362

7 Indonesia 40,491

8 Australia 30,855

9 Taiwan 30,836

10 France 30,405

11 Turkey 22,642

12 Kenya 19,133

13 Italy 17,703

14 Canada 14,944

15 Domican Republic 14,229

16 Mongolia 12,872

Rank Country Followers

17 Spain 11,582

18 Argentina 11,271

19 Greece 10,582

20 Venezuela 10,128

21 Thailand 9,208

22 Poland 8,213

23 UK 8,152

24 Colombia 8,077

25 Malaysia 8,032

26 Germany 7,437

27 Serbia 6,660

28 Chile 5,945

29 Portugal 5,872

30 Puerto Rico 5,775

31 Peru 5,713

32 New Zealand 5,209

Utah Jazz Facebook followers by country

Source: Facebook


The whole pointPr

obab

ility

of m

akin

g an

info

rmed

dec

ision

Accurate data and information

K E M C . G A R D N E R P O L I C Y I N S T I T U T E S TA F F A N D A D V I S O R S

Leadership Team

Natalie Gochnour, Associate Dean and DirectorJennifer Robinson, Associate DirectorShelley Kruger, Accounting and Finance ManagerColleen Larson, Administrative ManagerDianne Meppen, Director of Survey ResearchPamela S. Perlich, Director of Demographic ResearchJuliette Tennert, Director of Economic and

Public Policy ResearchNicholas Thiriot, Communications Director James A. Wood, Ivory-Boyer Senior Fellow

Faculty Advisors

Matt Burbank, Faculty AdvisorAdam Meirowitz, Faculty Advisor

Senior Advisors

Jonathan Ball, Office of the Legislative Fiscal AnalystGary Cornia, Marriott School of BusinessTheresa Foxley, EDCUtahDan Griffiths, Tanner LLCRoger Hendrix, Hendrix ConsultingJoel Kotkin, Chapman UniversityDarin Mellott, CBREChris Redgrave, Zions BankBud Scruggs, Cynosure GroupWesley Smith, Western Governors University

Staff

Samantha Ball, Research AssociateMallory Bateman, Research Analyst DJ Benway, Research AnalystMarin Christensen, Research Associate Mike Christensen, Scholar-in-ResidenceJohn C. Downen, Senior Managing EconomistDejan Eskic, Senior Research AnalystEmily Harris, Demographic AnalystMichael T. Hogue, Senior Research StatisticianMike Hollingshaus, DemographerThomas Holst, Senior Energy Analyst Meredith King, Research Coordinator Jennifer Leaver, Research AnalystAngela J. Oh, Senior Managing Economist Levi Pace, Senior Research EconomistJoshua Spolsdoff, Research Economist Paul Springer, Senior Graphic DesignerLaura Summers, Senior Health Care AnalystNatalie Young, Research Analyst

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Thomas S. Monson Center I 411 E. South Temple Street

Salt Lake City, UT 84111 I 801-585-5618 I gardner.utah.edu

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S U N I V E R S I T Y O F U T A H

ConvenersMichael O. LeavittMitt Romney

BoardScott Anderson, Co-ChairGail Miller, Co-ChairDoug AndersonDeborah BayleCynthia A. BergRoger BoyerWilford ClydeSophia M. DiCaroCameron DiehlLisa EcclesSpencer P. Eccles

Matt EyringKem C. GardnerChristian GardnerNatalie GochnourClark IvoryRon JibsonMike S. LeavittKimberly Gardner MartinDerek MillerAnn MillnerSterling Nielsen Cristina OrtegaJason PerryTaylor RandallJill Remington LoveBrad RencherJosh Romney

Charles W. SorensonJames Lee SorensonVicki VarelaRuth V. WatkinsTed Wilson

Ex Officio (invited)Governor Gary HerbertSpeaker Brad WilsonSenate President Stuart AdamsRepresentative Brian KingSenator Karen MayneMayor of Salt Lake CountyMayor Jackie Biskupski

Partners in the Community The following individuals and entities help support the research mission of the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute.

Legacy PartnersThe Gardner CompanyIntermountain HealthcareLarry H. & Gail Miller Family FoundationMountain America Credit UnionMitt and Ann RomneySalt Lake City CorporationSalt Lake CountyUniversity of Utah HealthUtah Governor’s Office of

Economic DevelopmentZions Bank

Executive PartnersMark and Karen BouchardThe Boyer CompanyIvory HomesSalt Lake ChamberSorenson Impact CenterWCF Insurance

Sustaining PartnersClyde CompaniesDominion EnergyStaker Parson Companies

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Advisory Board

Salt Lake Chamber Board of DirectorsSteve Starks, ChairLinda Wardell, Vice ChairKim AbramsMatt BaldwinLaura BoguschMarc CameronWilford ClydeJohn DahlstromSpencer P. Eccles

Theresa FoxleyVal HaleKay HallGary HoogeveenClark D. IvoryGreg M. JohnsonPat JonesFred P. LampropoulosBrent Low

Dean W. LuikartDr. Donna L. MilavetzDerek MillerScott ParsonRay D. PickupGary B. PorterCraig Wagstaff

Documents

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute I · 6 Current Affairs Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Utah Informed: Visual Intellection for 2019 Discoveries in 2018 n Plague – The sample of the