:� :1 .7 .S~+tr Y1AWf?x'.w~."~'`l:~w~.lt panther. ., k1y,Ji,~

QUWC+,o .Y . v1.~,G1G~p$Xtl:x.

Special Ed~i~orial :__ BROTHBR LBROI

xc. . . bls.ck

ow;~ck p~ ~ .

® ~ . . black, powerblaciK ps,z~ the -,:

o . bls,ck ,px~r;t,~r

Leroi Jorfes started writing while he .was `a,'boyi,'»

~$he 'h ~s +growtx into a Black

Man, so ha~~ his "~vr3.t ngs developed ar~d matuzed -intcs- some

f the mcaart, .3:mpntaantwritings an¢.thopght's of the Black worl,d. .

Sb1'aie Slack

writers have severely 'cr aicl

~

Lct`~t~.'t s ~~Black enough .

But what these :writers forget i~

~Y~at Lero.._taupe by the

wh%te motherfucker

t~o buy him of ~ grid ' maimstablishment writer . `

At the same tune,

he has 'g~bwt~ by, ' 1his prize-winning Cbut not very Black) easay'rr~' a Libre"orb, he is

the one

Black

American write! to 'feast hiswestern c3vilizatiorx.'s art for art salve decacierxce ~tnd flipto the vestibule of mother-Africa . Listen to Leroi bringancestarss. . . . . . . .The magic dance in the street . Run up and dawn Br ad Stareet,nig~gers~take the shit you want, Take their lives if need be, bu,t et what you ~tantwhat you need. Dance up and down the`~treets,'turn all th rnusi~ up, run throethe streets with music, beautiful radios cn Market Street s tMe~ are broughthere especially for you . Our brothexs are moving a~11 over sms,shing at ~ex~ywh3~tefaces .

We must make our owr~ 4Vorld ~ ~~n, Aur own world s an

w:e cannot do thisunless the white man is dead . . . . . . . .Maybe youlre not hip to it;but this passage is notprose, no, . it isn't

Thisis Afr~.can

poetry

at

itsbest .

It is the poetry ;formless, rhymeless, thelilting poetry of Africa .Let it roll off your tongue,,ululate it, and see,

whe-thex ., y~au can, ever get awayfrom it .We ask; Would these same

Black writexs have had the rstrength ,°' not

to submit towhite Azrie~3:carx fin~,nc~.ahflattery

,and `; still ,be~eo?nepoet-pr ophets '

for 'Bl ackpes~ple

anywhere ' near

the~r~~,iber of Leroi Jones? We ~~,~.

.r;:.

'.~"l~:xV'~i:NCd lJ. Leltui Jones* and

ri~s3rtgs, ~ .neat beinghas`~~sme~shed ali at~

~:m 3~nta, . a nigger e~eps anc~' 'k~wnds since19-60 ) .: ~ In auz opin-e~'thetic effcart Pa®tIii$ woxd~" sdur~ds an.~orth adtir3,ce fray o

v

Street

DO T~?C'~: ALY~Oe~ .T~ .x,~ SAC,?ED WORAS; OF BUR : ANCESTQa~~� 7C0,

gia:z

....._.,_.... ~. .. 7ap~it~I77k"tl& lYtf~fYU`t~

_~.

LERO~ JONES F3EId ~~'G

Blac',: Mv~zo,

B7_ac~;c Poetzf~,

Black Dance:, Black; F~~�,h %dirtWhere? .-

~2na~CG~o~e+, C:~u~~"~:zyfWhen? Satu:r. day y ,~ui^2 : ;;r

,.;'? ~ ~7C3.rra~:?

'7 : ~Opm ; C'os~fi:~?

u~ ~ .

~J~J,... ..

..Y..»-...~w..a,...,.~ ..,.,.~...", .-». .,F.;.. , . ..

._ .M

PRtax

BLACuC . +,`~TC'L w

~

i~10 , .

1~P~.tb7_~a'~e~~. ~~~uc~yP^.}zther

II~i.~~ ta :P, O Bo;; 1

U

~~E r~.,AC~ rR~~r ~.:r1JRUl't b b C o p . b .. 0 .

t, . 9 v~ G ' "

soul ~zs~~~' . , ~

n

,

carp~:~::.~~r~ .,

Edit a~~; ;

N ,r ~~ , MJU'TNS,. OF

o.e~,c:`~ ; .

^ ' r +.

o ~ ~ n v.

3 JL~ 's

0 4'¢,o ~ 4 .r;

.. 0 NMYf, ~ .r ^ ^ o..

o. .p 6 " t . :hPp " .~.~~

" ' n . .n

o

~,

.,

,,

n

n

, {~.

~,,~w

,

~

~ , o f n . . ~

I T;.ACK .PO~~J~,~2 r .aPage

'believe that before the:i.r .zitera~:y

c',itxc~. .~ms

l o~:~a

un~,;::s ;:and Lexoi in thecont~ ".ct

of the decadent

sow ~ o "." ~cc~nomwc: malaise

thathe , ass . Y~een

fighting

.a~. ,:;lams~ o

.

form^ r;are, it is BECAUSE of this fight that Le of Yeas k~ee~ ~o ;i~~~,0."~essful intv~g nc7, ~'~~C.~1US1 of L~roi's refusal ~;o ~Ue bo.u.c,~ht ~~~~:.°

.~~~6Jh : ~Sey tka~;t ~t~e Big Hon

I:cy :s attez,~pt`_~ :rrg to sank his grimy, ja9g~=d te'f~t?`~1 xYxto Li:c~o~ : ~ : :, Jones by senten=~cai.n.r izim to 23~�,3 years °fin pr ,sonb

.. . . . .

_

L~~o~~ i~>rs and Sisters : . . :, ~~

th~y~ ° ca~i bust°° II~otY~.ex' L~~.r~;i . ~;VY ': .x~~slating

our.:

:i:nto paerns axxd plays, whaa,ey will Sit~Aely ~ :~y ~c ,,7 ;:s~;z ::~~ the. source(ut,ac : Amer~.ca) ,of ts~ose . songs .that sang for a; ~c,. ;~u As:rica-waxl,c a~~. cry`'

"y~a:~ . tl~E

destruction of this decadence

that t~~lks of :ius~i~ce ,:but ~a~t~ . +-,~ ir~.;~o: e iripris-oi:me~~°~ on tho;s~; that dom,and it b,

.

S~Ft~ ;~,'~~y~.an~: urn rrJ2~`;4 :~sC 46th Street, Near Xot'It, N .7~ ., IOiY17E'Iea.~E gTtt'oil nee ae u subscriber Sor:

tr^^ y~~t, ~3.OQ ot,Nnme ~;~ . .

two

?Z issues ~3~00

,~t~ttiT3.~:;~ 9 lc~~~j

~~ .

1'iu' 1

-!-`15~. . .1.. .a.y~ 7 .f "̀ .1 .Y~lA '.'~'.,~.~ .~ozni a . ;s~o

r

J' rl " [ ,,

' ;'

,

(long live our ancestoxso)

;:fREf~APgROWN~..,

, . .

~

:-, .f >

;-~c r t r - ..

,

~ ,

r. . .

.

: :_ c

yr.

'1 ;~~:::i , : , .

, .

'Since ' S~pte~mbe "~8 ~ :.19~G7

~.s^"RaR~,Bxown :,, ;Chairman of the Student ATan~-Vio~;~nt, ~o- ..,ordinating Committee, has been a politi~cal . P.rri ones

of ~~~ ~ ~brk City s .: .; .~£or~:,~t3de~

'a , .,to

tra+vei '' by~

~: ._ cb' ~~t

~ 'or:de.~ ;,

;which ~

~. :f,- ;disobeyed; -' would rt~su7:t';i:n t~e ;;~faX~~feit- .,

`,, ure ~ of '$15,b~d `pond . :and ~BroroVn!a,: : imp~ s+pn». ;. ,ment .

This

tactici ~`af .1?F2:EUEN~I~lE . AR~2EST ;, ., t. r .is being tested by the Federal Government

a;~,

as

a w2l~r'

of~ ; , de~alr ~ng ' with .those swhgse o~,

:r ; .pznion5 'they' do - : not : like : : .~It :-is ,the; . s,a~me,. .

.d 't~i'Ctic'' use ;Yn, a' `=c:~!wder~ : form 'in , thp~~ : :Ur~~:,pf

' of 'So~ut$A~i'

'aSall 'thi'!~

-'r:. rcanc cer, :o~s~ ar.-~. . ,.,-~ .

~'~~t "

Wh~th2Y'", -it is c~~;letd, ; ;"hose ;ax,.~e'j;~,,. or t:r,~,r~~er'ts:v'~r~~~i'~est,tc .,,fhe r.esu,~,the ;. .of t'tc~c~ . ; . gas ''Ghe'r ame; , ` an, individual', s.~,

movements are restricted, to .a :proSCribeel .,area for an indefinite period .

Upon`exarriiri ng?~th+a--facts t~f.+the ;~ase .,of:`',Rap 3YOtv~z `

i~r becbi~es ~:-c~:ea~r ; ."that the , .eo iscioizs

intent ~.a~, nQrt,' t.o' . ~a~1., .I3rpwn on,.,~, :.various fa1s2 charges, but, .~~pl;y z~ake� ~~-,impossible to travel around the country~rzd

speak . "'~ This''

w.~uld, ,:hhu~;t , , . ; nnrt-. ..only; .. : : ~

, . . ,~xt~wn; . but

"the-' oxg~itiizat~azn :fob .- w~, ch .kie~ ..is '~ha rinari 'arrd 'pr~:neipal .: ; spoke ~ma~+~ Y.;- ; floe

~tu~lent Nonr~-~xb'hcnt ~ Coor.~di~:ndt :n~, Cr~mm'ii�~....~,t?~ ,

~`h~~r .

~"~Si ~1C~'S~'7 Tl'";'~ ~t.tZf?^l%ila+' . 2':'.':i 'tha;ou~.rl

Pag e . .- . . .-. . ...3

� 'v,, ': , ,

,. ,. . .

ie,~

~~,

,1;'r~e :co.uxts

. ~~h.GoveXiim~ri-i: n'oy~'ed[ to -sto

:Brd~wn. and SNCC w,it~o,u1:creab rig a publict

r

;

Y

P

,~,`o t '

..r . ,, ; : ; T e-Fa t~r . .~.n : .-t;he .Gase cSf I~ . ~Ra Browi9 ar'e s: ~. l,ea . Qn ,~u7~y ~~4, 19Ei7,,,Brb~tz,,spokek~ , .G

p

P3,n:~Cambridg~,, ,Marylan~.r He:-'fief'~~'th~~ city th~ ~- safe' exrenir~g on~: h ,s ; way t , , as i

9

,llrdC .

Awhile . a,fte~~j ~he,~had le.f't' Cambridge the ~ Fine- S.treet ; ~lemen~ary ~ch,ool, whichhas a history of ~bei'rg'`bur'r ed;' 'was `~ur~-ed° `again, _ -The ~aext, d~.y, ,the. r.Srtate Attorneyof Maryland issued a warrant

for the

arrest

of ~rp~wn, . c.har;c;inc~,~~,m .with iriCiting,.

;- thb pe;opl;e-; ,,- tsa ,,burp floe s,4hoo1 .

Later the same day, the Federal Government warrant+

~~a-s ~ ~:.ssu~:d., , :~~r : he ,.~rre°st`~ o,f' ~3~t~wn' ' this bne~~ ch,ar.'g.ing ~xim .vu3.th l.eavi,ng the

state of. .

: .

r . ; .i. . :

;? � . ;.

r .,,. ;

-r r' Max.yl.;an~l;- ~ nto_, ; ,~,y4.~

; . . arxesti

ori;' , t~~ fsrst cYia~rge . :' : � The Federate- charge.,, . made him,

oftive~

' ? ~ '

~

;course, a fugi .

_.° . . .�.._ _.t_______________~_______NDUGU ZANGU ~4VAMEKUFUAA WA ISHI

_ .,. :

fiom justice' , , ' . , . ~

.,~~rn. a ~x!_~sa~34~~ 1~iA~S~9A~~~.: ~.~~: . ;

~~N ~" Afl~CI~s~£~ . ~A,~~_1 ~7

BLACK MARKETER --- Continued

L3rowu lcaxizcsd aC the waxrants for his arrest, and, on the following day, arrangedthrough his attorneys to turn himself in to the F . G . I . in New York, On July 26,Brown was leaving Washington, D, C, for New York tiae.t~rn himself in, when he wasarrested by the police at Washington National Airpoxt ~,nd~'immei~liately turned overto the F,B, I,

The F,B, I . was fully cognizant of where ; }~~oo~tt~~~vas ...~oing and, for whatpurpose,

but they chose to abrogate the agreement "tHat~:,~~d'~l~e~n zvozkc~~l.f .Qut ~'be.^t~~enthem and Brown's attorneys, choosing instead to~make_,i'~ ap~ear=fi~at ~~.h~xl been'trying to run away .

,,,;;.

,

; ;,

He was taken to a detention cell - in the U,S . Post Office Building-in Alexandya,-`Virginia, held for six hauxs and then released . The Federal Government had decided.,to drop the charges of "flight from prosecution"against him,

However, when Brown walked out of the Post Office Building, he was axrested'onthe steps by Alexandria police, who charged him'with "flight f~c~m prosecution,'' un-der a Virginian state law,

The Federal Government had bowed out to let the stateGovernment do the same work,

knowing that in a.'5outhern couxt, there was much, lesschance for Brown to receive a fair hearing than a Fe~.era1 Couxt .a :,,~,

. .He was taken to the city jail in Alexandria, Va .,' and . �afteY some time was re"

leased on $10,000 bond, Then, ; .the Governor of Maxyl,~nd, ask~d''the Governor o~ Vir~ .ginia to extradite Brown to stand trial on the school-burning charge . The Governorof Virginia

honored

his

request ; Brown was once- again- in jail, but his xetur.rr' to,.,Maryland was prevented through legal action taken by~his attorneys, On September-,~

; 18 , 1967, Brown was released from jail on yet ~a`tiix~thex'`$14,000 bail on the conditionthat he . would not leave the eleven counties of the Southern District of New Yoxk

, ;.except to travel to consult with one of his attorneys .

v'Shortly thereafter,

Brown was once aga ,p af~es~ed'on a charge of carrying `a we~-porr: ' whilE

under,

indictment,

was j~ai],ed iri '~tecvr lbrkrCity and' released .p.n $15 ;Q00bond.

The red a ction on . Brown's right to travel was appealed"to the CYri:ef Ju~ti-ce.off the U,S . Supreme Caur~t who tu ned:down the appeal .

It--` -

is, , vl-eax (fiat if ,H :""Rap .Bxcswn .is going to be released fror;i his, ''jail" °in,NewYork, it will ;-onL`yx'be t eC~titse of `pressure put upon the Federal Government .

This isan important case ; izec~usre-~,~ . g the Federal Government-succeeds in keeping~H . : RapBxawn ''jailed", overnighf;'mil:~ants wall find themselves arrested on false chargesand xeleased, with the condition :hat ~~'~heir movements . .be' restricted_lvty a proscribedarea .

It

happened

to Bill Epton, :, ..~~:ack Liberation fighter from ~iaxaem, in .1964,when he was arrested on charges of inciting to riot during the Harl2m ;rebellions ofthat summer,

I-c happened to John Harris, Black Liberat an fighter .in'Los Angeles,who 'was arrested for leafleting, released and note restricted to California . It hap-pened to Edd e Oquendo, Black Draft resistor. from i3roaklyn, who. wa§ convicted forrefusing to serve in the army, released on appeal and is now restricted'vto.,,the bor-rough of Brooklyn, New York .

~

".

~. .

Tt is clear what the Government is tryingyto,do . It is oux responsibility tostop them . If they succeed in keeping H. Rap~E3roovny- .one of the well-known Blackleaders, restricted to New York, they will then be able to move with impunity a-gainst any militant in the country . - ;

Page . . . . . . . . 4

(Continued)

(7l .

DLACK MARKETER - Continued

trJHAT YJU MUST DO:

Page . . . . . . . . 5

. .

Send a tel~gxam immediately i:a SNCC, 10f Fifth Avenue, New' York, :IV :Y,._,. 10011requesting H .' :~T~"

° Drown to speak in your :comn(i~ri ty .

The United States :~ay,~rnmeritis trying to say that Black"p'eople in the Unified-Stakes are nod interested in .thewords of Chairman . Drown,

tnle know this is 'a Tie .'

2 .

Write letters of protest to Chairman H:'~'ap ~Drov~n. .,p~Qt~sting his illegal '"housearrest ." Your letter may be used as an affidavit which, we will attach,to his ap-'peal to the Supreme Court to overturn the racist decision of the Vir~i~ian crackerjudge .

3 . Circulate and get signatures for the Cit ens Amicus Brief in Support .,of N: RipDrown's a ; ;ea1 from h~.s''~3ai1 Restrictions.

4 . Send a contribution to the National df~i-e~ of SNCC, 360 Nelson Street 'A~lanta,Georgia . ' Your dollar;s.''wiril 1~elp SNC~, ;carry on its political ~~ork towed DuckLiberation° .

, .

,, ;, .. n.

~ne.losed find $~,<00 far yearly subscriptian to SNCC

Enc.lased find znv c~antri~utian to SI~tCC .

(Enclased find X5,00 ~'ar'y ~rly su~baar~pt~an taSNCC Ne~vslezterA1wiD enter my name are 3lVCCas ensiling 1.~~s~ sa ~ may, r e tieALI.. press releases and attzer la~blia~tions,),"

BLACK MARK. .;TER - continued

DR . SPOCK AND OTHER PROMINENT WHITE AMERICAN ANTIWAR FIGURES TNDICTED

Thw White American government has launched its first major attack on c~ltwteAmexica T s movemex~~t

against ;,the

Vietnam war .

A federal grand jury indictedfive

prominent opponents of the war January 5,

, : .,,, f

~:; .. ,~,~~ �V

The

five were charged with "cons~lri~ing to councel young men to violate achedraft laws ."

They face up to five years in prison and fines of v~10,000 eachif convicted .The govern~t~n~.~ ~ m~a:nc~ .,-.x.~, t~xrar,ize arid` intimidate -.the .white peace movement

chose for it$ :rvi.~t; s~,;,5oi~e ;o~ ~~h .e t~c5st wYdely'-~)e~lowiz :, ;arid~xespectab~ ;,figuresassociatedr}s~a.th : the~r:~der,ate . wing . o~`' ~he° rno~i~me~ t .

r~:;;-Most famous of those indicted were ~'17Y j ~=~ Betrj'smir~~~Spock, : t,he, ;a3l~hp~

,anti pe;- .

diatrician, and Willian Sloane Coffin Jr :

CYl~pl'ai~t` of yaYe yniversit~~.. .Accord ~x i A,~ ?'

"

~'~-~>:~e,~ ~,~inc~ictmg~ , ~

, }

the

five agreed to

sponsox a , tat~t:ian-"w~'c~ecraft resi~s;;ta~.ce ; pr-,agzy~,m. . that~oul,d

wiac~.ude. 't~xsr~.ipting .the induction centers,� ,,making pzil'S7<~ c T~app+¬

7~ a .. .~o~ rr~~~}ng~r;,mez~ ' to' . ~xes s~t`. the :~tr~ft . ;.an~ . to revise to:'serve in

the

military service's and

s`s'ixing +culls ~ :~or~~.eg,~.$~t~ants~: ;tq ., tii~n ,~in~''`their. draft cards .'!

Dx : Sp~~k~ d~cLarec~~,~th~;t:. Q,~e~.;~~~~.~.an for . thc indictments was tat "Lyndon John-son and the Administration are eefing`''fiore `des~ erafe al=7; the- ; time :,

b.~causetlm wax is still going ,against them ."

,, crF . ;. :~ ~ :�~=

` : . . .He

s~id,~; ~hii~ C

nd~ct, ., ,w~s .."~,.~gal .,~n . the h3~hest sense" and i~pointed to~ the rNuxemburg

dec ~iox~s:, .- as ,,~ttsti,fi:c,~t on f`dx hia=~~(ct~:onsabieca~~e ..,~he 9mQZlcan .government "is up to crimes against' numanfty~~t ~ -

. . ;~~ ~ . ; ; ,,

~.The white american governmenty"ss intention of , opet9ing~ ~ headon confrontatio~i`'^

with the w)ix to � ..american

peace'` movement

is c~aaf from its decision to art ackthe most zespectabYe rather than the mast radical wing of the movement .are metz of some stature in the United States .

Pa e . ., . � ,~a

A NEW BLACK MUSIC MAGAZINEA much-neerle~l Black Music Publication, The Cricket , will appear in January .

The Cricket is an Afro-indoamerican and Car$bbean bulletin, a fast-incisivevision of ~Uh2re the ,jazz, x&b, blues,`music world i , right now . �

The editors of T~:e Cricket are LeRoi Jones, Larxy Neal and A .B~ Spe7.lman,~three well-known writers on African-American music .

Along with brother Neal','Jones and Spellman,

a great many writers from all over the country will cots-'tribute to this monthly word from the origicnals .

The Cricket will be distributed free to musicians unions, clubs, jazz pub-lications, record ca~anies, schools and will deal, as we said with ALL OF ;OUR MUS IC .

=~"A).ong wit .v the writers, musicians from various parts of our sound world;v

will also ~~ writing :

_forthe Cricket , tracing the contemporary existence ofartist-mus:i:can'as artist-musician and/or Hustler-breadwinner . Th,e

musiciansare, o:i course, advisors .

The Cricket will- exist no matter what anybody thinks . We ask you to helpus, if you can . Reviews, Dialogues, Interviews, Stories, Essays about our mu-sic, all of

this

will be part of The Cricket .

~Zf yon are a ~eco~cd co~cpanyplease send us your most interesting albums to review---those which are mostpertinent ~o our announced theme .

If you are a musician, send us your com-nents,

your own stories and reviews .

We'l,l be sending you ours .

If you area publisher or critic, send us your publication sowwe can ;f~;nd out whereyou're at, and if you can stay there .

If you are anybody else, r~ decidehow ±o respond.

We need everything, Write to : The Cricket , P,O, Box 663Newark, New Jersey .

DRUM . ..

taHtAT . .IS. de F~1t~L.LE AFTER

. f. >~reat` man~i,';Amer~tcans~ ; `

ncft~din~,,.,: odder ~~,

ly ~nougl ,

marry, : oho have a' ri~aic~ .time, mak~-a: ing ~'~ ends

, ' J ,meet ; . . ;are

c~otr~ed~.

; ak~out,~~ de~ Gfull~'s t,aka.ng ~'.~zu~r go~-+3." bad` couarse,

t3~e gofd~ i'~

Eor~' ~nox

isn't "our gold .'!;Tk~atr is,°'r it'dge~n't belong to the counter

J : r :.,ryt.~s~~workers .' 'f~ou .might say the U,S, gold .s ,>hc~xd "is ` the

collective

property of, ;the-{~d5;' capitalist class, But even this .ti~

s;~~~te', is -far from clear, Fact' is, that gold r

hoard is mortgaged, not up to the halt,but way `' over the hilt, Ftane~' is ,o,~,e r~~'the mortgagees,

We're not so naive as to think.,$;;.l .~;ne,. ..of "xeasbning will have amy effect a~t

~~11'., :ov people who axe enraged ovex d:,.~uulle''s policy of buying gold with U,.~,o lars : they'll ; come right bacf anc~ tel.;l~s ., �thia is a lot of hogwash if not dow:}right unpatr~iot~,c that the United StateI~~ ~

~rfought' ' two`~waxs ; .

to save the Frer~r_~t~on . fri~m' .~ :'rktin~~~.Qm,,

and that Fxa~~~ .~ :. . .

, . ., . .ow~ .y , , rus r , : .

a~ ,.r . Wor,~,cl . l~ax

I

debt'~~oi~ &~ . t~~~~.

1ic~:~

:,

~a ffifnciQTatIS r; ~.,a~d

inte~rles't .

"!.I~~'ran~Q~'ca~iriues to de~tand gold"'foz ~~dahi~.~,.-c5w-dollars spent in France by� . . ,Ame".E.ican tourists and businessmen, de Gaullg.seems to despise,j!, .� ; .;~d~.torialized the' Tn~dianapolis Stax , Dec . I, "the UniteqStates =should retaliate promptly by an-:~orancing to France and to the world thatxao demand for gold will be honored unti:~.France

pays

her dQbts to the UnitedStates ."

WHY DE GAUGLE BEHAVES AS I-~E DOESIndeed, many U.S, capitalist spokesmen-.

edi~'wors, politicians in Congress, and o-thers---are getting quite a head of steamover President de'Gaulle's policies . DeGaulle, it '~.is said, is a man obsessedwith hatred of everything Anglo-Saxon,Ccangxessman Pucinski is convinced that"dn Gaulle is a sick man," "His attackscn ?;he United States, his attacks on Eng-lat2d, his attacks on Canada, his attackscn the efforts of England to become amember of the Common Market, his anti-°.'Lbri sic

outbuurs s," r~ucinski added, "allindicate

that here is a man who has lostall sense of perspective and all sense ofj~.dgment . "

J FJu

v) l'- '.r?

Pa~e . .a . . . . .d-r " .

, , . .Jl .r~ "s .. .

: ,r : +r.l : .

.

7. : r, . . ; .I °,J ~~~1

, : a

-'people who personalise '~~ontq~gorax~history . , in

this way, May' evc~l~e applause ;''but "they ,~orztx b~te nzot~hirij' 'to pu1~,13C~s:zxn-~~~'::-~e~standlr~g t ' > ":~De;r~cau~lle `is a .r~big;'.~ .'

~t~o-~ .>~~r " . .~: ical figure TT �

~ . : :he

hss � ,succeeded zif~-~coricentrati,a~ ,!. a ., greet :`:-cteal. .~ ,, power in .the office ; ~~f

Presixierx~E`,

Bu~,..he is farfrom`be~.rr~, the almif~ty, Btiti].;~~,headed tyrant, whc~ . .,i,s . draggingt an, .̀ ufw~.l~.ing ~'enCh ±.nation

~l,:png, , . with

Him as he se~;ks; pex ° + .sonal rever~ge ~~ ;~.~at: rsbme of his ,U,,S .,-cx~. .. ..'tidst.`-accuse

hin, ; af.~ a being..

on; , :

;~m:. ~©n

r;r_?trary

~fe" Gaulle has` behind hx~n` :quietly,but nevertk~~~ess fe~vently ahpl~!~ding.-his ' +-s+.,efforts,

a , ;.solid :z~a~ority of yhe Fr:,ench -~<vcapitalist c.7.asa . : ;~r: :+- �

.,Tndeed- de . ;~aulle'~s policies car~":onkybe`

spprecia~Qd when they.',are examined irr' t'he . , .;r~~.ight .. , .of Fr~n~~h ~ca~f-tslist� interests i '

FAVORS BE~'i,~iATI

AR$ ~1aLUfOR~F`

. ., . :Fixst

af` aZ1, it may die. , wish to .recall ; '~~a,~~ ,:'t ~ ~a pertinent

,.Qbserve~t~:i~r~ :~ Pr~eside~,t ~GeoxgeWashington ;.made in h~s -; farewell . address, .. . . ; ' ."There can be no .:.g~tea'tex- erro~C. ~ahan toexpect ox calculate .,men ',real,, f,~:uors.fromnation

to

nation, ~'

he laid. . , '!'Tt is anillusion which ex~arer ~rice `mist lure .:!' ,

The

United

St.ate,s ' ~~c`!nt t 90,: tQ wara~"gainst

Germany ~,i~r:Wozltl''Wais'~.I . ~nd hI tosave the . ~zench .rtat on Eton extinction,It went''`to wax to safeguard and expandU,S, capitalism's

foreign

maxktgts~'"==~ fo-reign sagtee8

of

raw

mater, ~,~1 .~' anc~ :fo-reign areas rf°~ :~:safe acrd profitable capi-

. : .

r

DRUM

tat investments . And when the U,S, gave and political competitor that it is, T ~s .$17 billion in aid

to "rehabilitate" free herself of tie need a~or an "et~Ccl~nicpostwar France, it was not out of love umbrella" held in Anglo-Saxon hands,~she ;for France, but because if France had not

labished money

an3d scientific talent on, .

been saved for capitalism she would have developing hex own- A-bomb,' She reasser-been reorganized on "Communist" statist ted sovereignty~cv~er Frend~ territory andlines, and would have wound up as satel- air'spaee that'°shP~`had'~een in na pas3-,ite and ally of Soviet Russia,

Lion to assert in' x.949 whets SNi4~fi, NA'~O'sAs for the Fxench ruling class, it never

supreme military ° heed~ua~t~arsi took upwasted a moment's time on gratitude .

It resid+snce in the 1~eart of franca,

?~orst

understood U, S,

capitalist motivations of all, fromi U .S, icapitali m''s iewpointthoroughly.

And, regardless ctf,.j~u~~,,o ;~;,a~i :, -were~F~~aixce's actilons shak~:ng the rickefiy

paned to head its political executive~com- international ~on~etary system in Which

mittee,

French

national

policy has ex-, t `the ,~1a~;~^ax . ;~and 'tJ~,e'p+o-und atex~l ~ag"':b+acame

pressed

what

were believed to be French� , in~tex'~aa~,~,q~al r.~ rvet ~cu~x~nuies .

ruling-class interests .

~ ~�;~ . .Franca',,s~ .r, aAm'p~~,~an~. :r 'has ;='

a'lx+eady been., r ds,.g~,t ''.~

'~'~l k

~ ~~he

' ~uLu'innb , ~ "The

cT+~ll ar's

FRCM COMPLIANT ALLY TO COMPETING FOE

x,~.t-r~~?~~~':~~-,~~ =~rfa~tus ab~s'i>lv~!~3',,,U»S ., n~pitalism

For many postwax years, Fxench capital-.,:, ;~±~ .,-tM~?} z~e'a~d :f4~' so ~marracge~`3ts~ economic' af-

ism relied so heavily on U,S, aid that i'h~,i~~freir,s~~,as ,'~'c ~`l mit~ate ~kbe def~+~3ts i~ti'in-

found it

expedient to collaborate on po-,, . : xert~~t~.ana'1 `payments

.tbrat~ i't

incurred

olicy .

These

were the early years

of ,, yea~;~, .ra~ter w'year .

That~`.~.a,'

m'stead''of

the North

Atlantic

Treaty Organization,4 : ., baviz~ tp use 'the gold fxb~n Foit 'Knox to

Even after the Euxopean Common Market was .;pay .q~ff ,the defi~pits, U;S' ;.'%~capi~talismof

organized, France was a more or less com- .̀, :used

iz~fla~:ed

dollars .

~irf' effect, ; it

pliant

ally .

Sut, as the Common Market

bought francs with dollars~ "'an~ used 'the ^

solidified, French

capitalism

began

to , .francs to buiy up 1~ucrative p~~nch iii~idus-

experience

the stimulating advantages of 3. ~ tri2~1' " eatablishmei~ts .

~

~' ~' ~

,~

a market

that

expanded 'to unprecedented

p

.. ' .

.,: ~r`-. .rc~

. : :..~

scope .

Gzadually, Fxance's economic andmilitary dependence on U .S,., capitalism~c~iminished

and finally disappeared.

It

~ ~.,

was then that her natural,'pap3aalist . rolgas an economic competit;b~ ~of' the . U,'S, be-g'an to emerge.

.'v

.;By :~now, French capitalism wfflded, no~E

only the weight of Frencf~`~b~ereignty,

but also, i,n some instances, tii~ weight

of alf si c

df 'the ~ E iropean ~, Comn bn, ;Martcetnations .

This~'~she was ablr~` to do because

the

Treaty

of Rome,

~ih ch~ cxeated ; . 'theCommon' Market,

provided for '~ 'v2tcS,'. ~ As

i.s~' well :know, . .:.France

'uti~,i'zed `~Cl e~ vetot~x block

I3r`itain's entry -f~into the Common

Market.

5Yre did this not, as it is gen-exalhy supposed ;

because

de Gauile was t., ~, " ;

hostile to Angla-Saxons, but because F3xi-

ta n was

seen : as a jixnior partner .in' an

Ang~.o-Saxon ; ; . a:mper'~.al'is~h. ;

'~o l~t~~ hei iri~would be

to give U,S, ~ capitalism a stxa-'task ^ agent

in Common Market :councils,.. .For vaxiaaxs- ;reasons,wtl~' st'~would~~iave beenin; conflict with Fr~ecich cap~tal at 'Xnter-

.? ~ ,

t � .

~""" ~ p,'.v iv'"~t ~: ". r .

,,~ .>rr ~ ., .̀~,,v

s- .fi. ;. f

F~tANCE REASSERTS SOVEREIGNTY. ;DeyGaulle's Fran+cev very logically began . �� .,.

tc~ treat ; . U,S,, capitalism''as ti,~ ~. ... .� ... . .~4 .

'7 ..) . . .

Tt(7 .~. G: 3.~ .~

1

`R

, . . .

}

~'!! :7 :S ..L C~t ~~

i f i 'y,

ti.4a . . .,. .:)

. '..v~..I. ;Jt` . . .

. . .,rJ'.,.., j': ~ :. .

.

.

'. ~

.,

'

'~ To Be Cc~ntd~#ue'd!

. .

Page . . . � . . .

~''L A y, ~� In f.3

, . . "'~q ;F ~li4y,... ~-:, :;v ;--,

. .

.

.l; t.

~' .f :, it

;F -'

es;~s . '

A

~..' fi1':~ .

PF:OTI

S DES2RaY PfJRTUGUESE WHI7~ESIN . ~TG4LA

SOUTHER N AFR ICA

Tbe, guerrsla ogax in Angola has spread .,-~ .,� ;A renters dispatch carried in Le Mondetq

the,

center of .the, country�~~ the New ; �,ah January 2 reports : that

a

Libera-York fides o~E" rie;' ceml~~r 3q re~~rt.s .~ ~

., . , .t on Movement

spokesman on Radio t3raz-ter haf~ng' =-corii~~ns~ ;'' th~i~ , pper~at%tins ~~ zaville announced

that

thirty

Portu-primar.i~,y> t~c~ ~t~e .:bq~der~vregians for the

gnaw

bodies were ;left behind in theselast

six yea~r~,

the .Angolan guerrilas

engagements y , while the guerrillas lost-are reported to have recently scored

six dead.major gains in the central region, farPram their reputed base in Zambia .Violent clashes at several points in

the coastal regions of Cabinda in north'Angola have also been recently reportedby the Angolan'-Peoples Libexation Move-ment .

NEW WARNING ON WII~EFt WAR IN SOt?1~{EASTAS IA

The new year began with a series ofwarnings than Lyndion Johnson is on theverge of carrying the Vietnam wax into

GLOBAL VIEWS - Continued

Laos, Cambodia, North Vietnam, ox evenChina . The warnings came from criticalsenators, former generals and govaxn-ment officials, who are in a good posS, ..tian to t~now clhat Johnson is up to .Lieut, General James M . Gavin, re-

tired, referr~,ng to Eisenhower's pro-posals for a virtual invasion of Laosand Cambodia, said December 29 ;

"I can't .conceive

of them being saidwithout briefings Exam someone in thePentagon .

So thiso . . . .is what we aregoing to dp ."

Earlier in D`~emb~r, Roger Hilsman- ""farmer Under Secretary of State forSoutheaJt As :an Affairs, told a iiF?wYork audie^ce that the "present situa-tion cv .~.ll lead ~:.nexorably, unless ourpresent rJ~b;jectives are changed, to a?`rid war in North Vietnam ."

Sc:~ator tJa;%ne Mors~,~ said in a Janu-a~.=~ :~ tr:~~~: .sacan : ~~.~'~^~~view that U . S .was I3E ,*ded for a war with China . TheN~:~ra ~.~-~c ~=~ost reported that Morse saidau~^'o~`., ~ waaw~" Gnrot be ~NOn either

with" . -~- .c . .;:-~ . " .~ ~~

or

nur.~--~~ :w

~aeapons " ~

Pa!~e . , . . . . . .10

and that "if war With China did come,that America would have 3,000,000troops in China within three years .','Morse further decYaxed: "I am shocked

at how we can walk out on all our moralideals in connectia~i with the way we',reprosecuting the war, We'd better ~~r3nit, because, don't'foxget that only de-feated nations axe tired, and if weshould lose it the verdict of the worldwould make .the Nur~mburg trials insig-nificant ."

000 GUERRILLAS REPORTED IN WESTIR_IAN ,__IND4NES IA

A new outbzeak of majox guerrilla ac-tivity in Indonesia is reported in theJanuary g issue : of the weekly New'~~"~"sweek�Two thousand guerrillas are said to beoperating freely irk the jungles aroundSukarnoptucna, the ca~~ital of West Irian(formerly, Netherlands New Guinea), andother. population centers on that island .Indonesian gunboats have

reportedlyshelled'smailer tows°s and villages whichhave risen against tie bloody dictator-ship of General Suha~rto.

Newsweek re-ports that amid spre~dit~g fighting, theguerrillas have

blocked the, flaw offood supp3.ies from the ''in~eriox to gov,-ernment-controlled s+a~tled areas .

"- Pl.oae Ctip and Mpit to : """

N~aYn";i

oddrwss~~1 ; .. Pisdp~ ~Enc "oswd Xou YVi1i l~ie~! ;~,~: ::i: ... . : . .":.., ., ca : ~r ',

P .a . ~px a~di .Emeryville ~rqnthOnkld~ ;~~ ~Cd'i'i'iai,aia

.

.the 2~a~ r~s -b~ -they pad,a~ncrur$ ,>

> ,

r.

. . .b~._...~.~ .~.,.. .,~,m.. ..,.~

Page : : . . : : . : x:

~e Wife,,. Lovers

.»Q~r

One or More Wives(Undexcov~r)~� Y ~' '

�( In the men ~

T2~e, ;"hz~~p~iy marx.?~ed"., ;Fura~eans ~nd .~mer~cans who secretly

keep

apartmentsfc~z th~ii~~~:o+ctQ~s mayr:s~~~r a~ caunt~~~a ~heze men have . more than one; legalw' ..~`"e, but when the~fa~~-t~ axe examinied', w~i~h.are the nwze maxal?

~~ .

._~~i~s .

_ searching quest on

wh3eM invo~.v~~~ ~ po7,yga~y cats . ; oni~ Viand and one wife1us "outside laws interests" on the athe~ dad 3.ar1A51 ~aia~uec~ r~r~calists th~eiugh~d~xll~dn`szconaider,

olyg~m~--the

ra~t~.~t,,, ;,,

r

~ p,

p

e .a .f h~v~.n9 maze thin one wife ae ~~gair~st theiz~ ~`imorah code,

l''he hold that its ~ oP].~ ptuc~ose is t#~e gr~tificatigpof tree lusct of ~Che � male ~,nimai~

~

'~~" 'But md~y of the same western' ma~crle~ men who ~ ccr~~le~ polY~amY spend evenings

aitaay

~frotn - hone ~a.~ ".business ma~texs" vnh~.~ch ccrn~ sl: gf romantic interludes ~n

SOiU%. SIS'~l~''

r .,r

r POLYGAMY LT;~~SUS MONOGAMY

Continued

Page . . . , � . , '12

Though it .is commonly agreed that the practice of polygamy is on the way outit is still by na means obsolete .

Searching for facts on the marriage customs in Africa,

I asked a young "filesA:~ri can vahom I had been

led to believe was a participant 'in a polygamous maic.=riage, what he thought about polygamy as a national custom, He promptly shotbac; :"We axe no more polygamous than those men in your country who hav~ aparrments

for

t:~air

lovers on Fifth Rvenue .

Our acts are legal under Mus13Mg ]~atv andcustomary law .

It must be agreed to by the families .

Polygamy is ~ very good~.n.si;itution . It is a very unselfish institution ."

f_~ n,

nore calmly,

he ^gadded,

"polygamy is basically an associa~tiorl of theric3z,

You n<ust ba well-to-do before you can adopt a polygamous state."Polyr~. amy is often accepted in

areas where there is a i~reat predom' nanice

ofIn some areas of the world aaomen autnumb~r; the nic?n as manycvcr~en over men,

7 ar_d S to ,~a i traveled through West Africa last summer,

I had an opportunity to obiserve tze practice of polygamy,

Far example, in Accra, I renewed the aC~-quain~:ance of H . P . Touepic, assistant maintenance engineer, Korlebu'Hospital,Fa;a:a, Gi~a?ia .

Under Touepic's name in my notes, made in August 1960, Y have the followingnotation :

"~'x~ 189C., I brou h~ : the first steam lorry out from Germany, ,

,Tune S last, Iwa.~ ~~~ ye~rs old

I have 47 children alive and I am still bxeeding . My firstc'x~.l~~ was i~aYn in 1901 . The youngest is one year old "

~: ~.io W 'c recall the number of wives Touepic had.

Of cauxse, several. are now?o-;c~ . F:ocvavEr, I did meet two of his present wives.

One is an elderly womanc~'hap^ ~n. h.cY b0's, and the other a teacher in ,`the town"`of Accra in hex 20's .~t'2

:, ~.. : ; .~<, happy ~

' ,~d~ " ar i;he :~.egal requirements

of polygamy is "'that you obtain the consent of,~.-=rs ; : ~cvife .

If:, she does not approve, and t~e .man persists, .she ma.~, get ary~a~c`~~~o

~t is tri .".~ ;`~ir.responsible persons may a'k~use the principles oh-whichNo'i~,~ ~,i :y ~.~ I~~,~nd. ' F :-, .

ice a ~:r,=:ice youn<;~ men who go_,about posing a~ men o~'~meansma.,~ ab~~Rc thie practice ; but they axe soon foundd~~~°^`''-~~

r {.QO ,a xu1^,

in ':rcC^Se' areas of Africa wher~~tj~b7[" ; r~amy ~~ practiced, .

ther'~' alez~` ?.~ ~.~~~ twa schoo'.s

of thought among the wom

; ' i ~ lat ,e .:

ii~n'

who' at`e' ~~not ~rdaf'-r3ir: :~ are favox:'~'olf ` fdi~posed to polygamy .

~~~~a`lr~a~dy Yi - th~~ .'pc~1Y~~us~'r.r~ys:.~te:a 2~ac=~ no o"wjectians .

The strongest obj`+e'ct~it~n`ootii~S~=~f~om'"tY~t~s~~ wl~b'~'are`~it~a~'_°~::ie~: urz~.c~~: tl-:e m.c~nogar~o?-~s system .

They raise the ~qu~',f~'ion off:. ::%n~ex`%tance . 'rThe laws of inh~ritax~ce under Muslim and customary law' in Africa are cons -

otaraT~ly different froni'our'own . Where the polygamous system prevails, the inI7.eritarce is matrilineal (mother) rather than Partilinial`(father) :

Upon thedeatix

of

the

father,

tYze p~coper y descends to the oldest , son, of the oldestsister of the deceased. '

,T3:e :~a. : .~st o'oligavion is to the oldest sister's oldest son .

Oy 'this

systetn~p~.~sper° :y r~fte~~ remains in the family fax generations . The deceased head of

a ic, t< :~'+ T

':a;~

v~~il1 the property that acquired in his own right as he chooses .Bca t'r_e property he inherits undex the customary law, he cannot will-away .It rout qa -:o the oldest son of the oldest sister .

sn cage the oldest son is deceased, then it goes to the next oldest, whoi~..-~~edi,~~tcly becomes the head of the family . Also, the fame-ly-council can

c~is~.r!~.ebit ;

Royal blood descends through the mother, not the father'. Acla~ .~ ¢

muy

marry for lo~~e but he must also marry a queen- from the ,royal houseto tie seleatad by the e~.d~:~: s

?+. BLA{~PC ;, ;~a_ SINE ft7r BLAC:~ P5C)FL,

I'&~ : ,

Articlest2rt :"iewG

P

SCl.°n.. 5 ~S~A °

POL~:GAMY VERSUS P~ROPdOGt~.MY"

P? cl:

oxit :ci~:'~z

rNas icxzaped

u,c~ra l~;x.u~nah

and.

Ghana ~ash yea:: hecaase e~f aG,~hi~cn.,

p~tp~ i.°

Ua~a~.c:~? ~Yie G'~Gria Gu~r:~c;Anm4:it :cazeased thz~t w~;s in',;er preted b x cutsiei~:rs as., app~:u:.irg of g~l;re~~ir;fc~ta.s taaxxiagi;s .

4:-G;~~;.a~.1Y~

f:Y~=: ,bJ.~:i'L2 "apes: Z~:~. .d nothi.ne~ of ~;he sv~t .:? .rl

^_F .̂

ii?~~G~: ~

'?°U

a'~'Uad

t~'12 .

~Sc~'S7Li1~al%

7f

G:e7: ta7a1

'~CEA~;c?S ys~,ia v : : ;

:., W , ~

ei :_~~~:~~-~ :a ."; ,~

i .z

'vd~: . ~;~

f2pzr

al3.xec~~r~

~i~~a

arid' ~.iece~ ~,~~-.

fo~~ - ~?al.y

t~r'a2 wifeii1L5 y

1.3'lf:

CjL'.S ~":.Z.f7i1

of F"J iit~.~:r :. i3F

f:£Yi7t3.r2 :r.9

tQ fJE

c~rY

a~ca' caf ;- 'wicie

d:C:+[?i :~`Gao

In~~^ex'~~. :?xr . 4~xeas c~f Africa

~~r~xe

are those wTx-o 'helie~e it h;~s g~.^e~":~3;er, ec~orxora;~c~d~:c,tn'i:~~~ ~- . a%~ci i.,

a

.-a.a :a.c :~. .~ f,.~r . .j.~a,~,.rk ~a~.n ..,~:g f~~:i?:f

cr,~.~dar3 w:," ,

Continued

Page . . e . . . , , ~.3

wr~at . ..t~api7~rrc:;1 wav 'that. .merr~ e~u~~~~.a ~.1a~.ia 3 or 4urcn~ . cvi:~~ d . . :r¬r°., xrgistex .

PURNING SPEARPage . . . . . . . .I4

Hannibal is said to have been the most brilliant military .genius of all time .At 26, he executed and accomplished what, in his day, was truly impossible,Born in 246 A,D., in a wealthy seafaring nation and descendants of another

great Black people,

the Phonenicians, Carthage was the center . of trade at thattime .

Carthage traded with India, people of the Mediterranean and neighboringIsles and, of course, traded with other-people of Africa .Rome,

which was only 100 miles

from . the

beautiful, black wealthy shores ofCarthage, naturally envied the richness there and wanted a piece of trade. Diy'sSoon war erupted between Rorne and Carthage (the first of dire° wars between

Rome and Carthage called the .Punic Wars) in which 53eily was lost to Romans .Though the Carthaginians suffered that defeat, her people were soon 'roused

by Hamilcar Barca--the Lightning,

who led his people on to a series of b~il-liant victories .

His nine year old son, Hannibal (with the spirit of a bornwarriox) then pledged to bury the Romans beneath the sand dunes of the Sahara .Just

seventeen short years later, Hannibal had become supreme commander of thearmy, and went on to unite all his people and dust all his local enemies .Spain and F~ance, plus the savage white tribes in the axea, also were sub-

dued by this brave black man .

Even more daring, with just 80,000 men and 40elephants, Hannibal decided to revenge his people and bring Rome tumbling down .

Even though Rome had a mi113.on men in its infantry a superior navy, and wasvirtually impregnable because of the frozen Alps which provided a natural de-fense, she still shook in her. white knees at the thought of Black retribution .Check now ; Hannibal and his soldiers were

used to the weather of the tropics, were un-merically and physically outnumbered, andhad not even seen the Alps nor could they i-mag .ne the dangers to be encountered; thefreezing weather, frozen paths, incredibleprecipices which meant instant death if onefell, and savage cuhite tribes lurking behindthe rocks . This was incredible : No ~vpryedared cross the Alps, except Hannibal

But before he even reached the Alps, Han-nibal met an array of whites guarding theRhine river which he had to cross . TheHunkys had the numerical advantage, plusthey did not need. to cross the river . Alwaysthinking, Hannibal sent part of his armysome few miles down vhe a:iver .where theycrossed safely . A1. a signal, Ha~a3.baicrossed the river and was met full force inthe front by the enemy . Hannibal's othersoldiers then attacked the enemy on itsflank and caught them in a trick whichwhat looked as defeat into victory, boldtactics into brilliant strategyr

The Alps

---- . . . . .-,,were next°

Hannibal and hia soldiers found themselves fatally unprepaxed for the bliz-zard cold of the Alps . Many of his men froze to death, or fell to death on thehigh ridges . About halfway, Hannibal and his soldiers wexe met by a hostilewhite tribe which let loose boulders on the army and killed many men who wereunable to defend or cover themselves on the narrow path . Unable to progress or

a

.y . . . " . ~ .a8

:i' ' ('IS:'~..~ ;'; ~.I.i,} .fr(J~j

. . 'fl(~l~~w : ~ ffl..i :y~'tr rrr,r~

, :`I'1 ~

{~~~ .~is

_~.~--,._k~URlya'NC._s`FE~. _ Page- 2--�Hannibal "

. .~: r

, , . : . ,

pa~e . : . : : . . :1Si . a i=-~c>rri:rl~ i

r =:::aL".

..,-q t ~'tr : ;'eYi~'

-

,. :

. .1 ;' : " w:.

re~xeat,

th~,s~,~~~x3~~.liant Black : strategist lay ;d~~d a few day . ° :bTe ~~ . i

rat~±elf.~ ''tint r . . ,tn~t the hunkys- .,retired ~ every

evens

«

at tl~e,~ sine tatnae -a~hd o.~~.y-=xstuztxed,,~~

`;, .dawn .

Bc._ . :~zg . his plan upon these fact~",,and knaawl;~d~e . of th~~ eneu~ies' c9~felns±~,~, : .'r(7 . .Hannibal . and his ent~.re army swooped :past .t~?Q ~nram3,es' guard ; shortly after t~eyf' .~""'ietixe~: .:

'Though

the . enemy: was ;aleacted, and .,~ti~.~, managed -~Q : trill many . Qf t~ ; . ;~ f .t~'oops, �

H~;nnibal

and

'the majority of ,.the .~o~.d~,ers stall e~prv ved plus ,his, ~.~ .eleph~.;r~i;~~ $

ar integral part of has ax7my,

y.

r,`J . . .Fuxthe::

m;'s.sfor une

,gnsue.d:

wk~en anctt~er .

ts;in . trfta~"; p e:tar~ded ;fx~.,e~r~d

i : ,~

Rr .and e~. z~ht , many

moare . , of

Hana~ibal

s., ~ tro ~ . ~ ..i~:;.a

a . .,

Only 213 ~.I~fiQ

l:cal.var~i :

of. , the .or~t,~. nal, ~O ;Qt3~ mep ~~rvsved :-,--.but., ~~n~n~bal .';

d .~~hc~

~r+~~~:'~

A1 s . .~

:r J:and a,c~~:.~;~lisheii ther,~.zppo`s;~~.ble ;.,

~,:. ;~ :

, . ~"1,, ; ;

.

:

, ,; . :F~ome shook tq death .;

Tt .e whole w~id: ;gasped ~a~~;r a~k~d, , s,~w ~ at k3a~#~~d~:= teen a

,~f~ rth~"se "B~actc people,wY~o, .,cur's think-~

. impassible, then do i

"~

~" .: .'r.~; "

r ; :, . ,"Rome,

xmmcdiately ~ moba.l zed

alrh:~ of :~ts~ , ar~~.~r

r~

; ,er~e

wp:. : ita, ~

~ce"~sis~.

.'rlom Carthage hoping to persuade ., H~r~f~br$.~, ,w~ ,w

rF~s~

yy; w~eak r ~r~" ~hum'~ex to ~~,t~~turn home .

hnstead,

Hannibal

gat~iere~d

aal ~1~3,~

M.':an~ $,did ~to his ca~pt,ix~ee:,_ . .J .Jthat tize;y would have

to

fight fax the~tr~ l~ ~e =. :..~~~,,.c~aPti.~ss whoa re~aaainec! ~- ;! .f .

,live covy.d

go . ., free with+a bag

of gold

o~.~t~o~,x~,~_~.H~;npib~l

and ~~~°,,~mme_ ofgaadies .

t~f,,e~ .the, capta.ves had battl,a~t~~.a~,h- atMer, Hst~ipib~I . kepi . hd.s ::=~r~a~m3s. _f t~.;and gztr~: ~so?.d to the Apes who lived .

; �

;.

,.,Hanr "c~ ;~

t

'mod

to~,h e

e

and bo as ~

~

~"~~3~u~,,~,

~~$1~~

~ ~

~r~.~~ .,her~. . .

m p

s ~ally' rapped t4

i~ m~n:~

~-were I~.k~: captives ~.n a starange land fac~~~~13;th ~~~~h~1f~~1~ ern~my wiith pp~

r~ tocur:' and r ~~":~s axe to hide and that tl~ey wQU~hd:1~~,:~,,~4,~a

5tht . ~~ . 1~~teir :1f~.=~~~;,would- uhY~;r d~~?

Those

Black

men ', chose,>tt~ '.f

~~ _

. ; ,~hr~.4 ;~ ¬~; ,~th~ei~ ~Iat~~+5~E ~1~d

e floe,.= :Ir a: ge.:~y

.

-~:.:~ Rome had , ever ~broug#~t

to battle .

'

' -

'

, .

:~ :~ ,f(7 .1

,.t^Jwth c~c~ux..~;c(e, sag~,nity,, and Black, bzain ;p~~!e~:~~ ~~n~aibia ,:-th ug~t.~9:~t.=;h~~..;e.~r - ;.

te~y and za^~:ics .

t~om~, owexcs~n~ident of ~

nn;

l!

~na~1 "~

~ yv ° a~ta~~~dr~ : r,,

t..., ~~_~

~~..rwhen

-( ;w%: :~. :1

~a~appened, and Roman ~ troops ~mam~a~.:~~k,

. .~~,

~~~fth

r. . ~,

~a1, ~las~d .in on a "Ex~ ; flanks . .

and

stamp®ded with hia~ e1c~p~~rat'~t'Car~ ,rf

~f'1 ` ~tN3~ft . s~~~tth ,~si~ the .~ ~ ~.

white ta:r~~:~s

'.~,nd : the hands of Isis B1aatE ~wuzd~men~ ., ~'~

''

i

:.fast., ;'in-; ~ e ,

`,tl~, kc:ma~~ b~ ood. funned the xiver.,,~ufidi~t~medf,an~,~,

oc-1h.~~ Teas e:ne of . the many miraculous def~atts~, :^o~,,r

~"~~a~~. .,..`~'man `c° .':~rx give who was determined to st~Yive, Ba~~tuc$e~~~~''eCmoxal7.y,

psychologically b

and

militar:~7,"y.,

I'"er:~aaps -the Qnlmace: was

izot

to

follow the advice of :,i~:as -ger~ersls :and atitael :>:. -~:a~~a.s br~.nging down that wall of beastrom,He

ca~c~.da ? to

pillage the land and wdi.d : so virfual7.y ,ur~d~;until die k:.~a~d rumors of a planned attaal~ by., Romans '~~

nvkaide~,~a~.~hage3 `~ Hant~ ~bat

~.my;,-e~ :i~.'~;c- Iy tuacned to the city, Romp,. , . ~s he~s st~drod ..,an the ~:hi~la.~w

~:.oo~ti qthe rw~~.t;~,

''.a~ sun

stood still,

clouds refused to move and b'xds , stopped :;~hat.-ter ng whi'l~ t~xe wind tiptoed through the ,gr~a ts .~ .. ?Ha

3b~]:"'{~

f.ac~r~u~id~

~x'.,~ityon hxs elephant and all Rome had a shit :fit .

but ~°t~t~rr~, H,a~nxb~l ~~r~ai~e,~s°hadars~

gfigure xc :~^ded into the hills and all ~4me .e

rrl~. rl its

~i

breewt~` ire a d~sighThereafter:" , for thirteen years,

Hannibal roamed all over ~t~ly~ .°~tn~d °

cls, m~rdsomE of fi ,~ ,~~ealth

partly stolen- from Ce,~r^bhaige-.

C3nly bsr:~%~ . . t

. :s~=~t.s

x':;wasin

~~~.~ ~". ~ a, ~~. ~:.onda,tion did Hannibal leave: :Italy :;~d re uxrr~ .~l~a

,. ~ :~D

; i

c. ;.

,~eof ~ar ~~,: ^^~

~~aere

so

disunified that all of Ha~nnibal's

e

is

tuns,~c ~ °~ :~~:~ ~ " . ~ .Soc~,r;gafterwards,

Rome

had

been abl~~~~ Iv'e ~~~~o!t 4Vs~ ; ::e.~g~= : .~ :;~~. again made wax with Carthage and took advanta e of the people'sd s~.iai~;;r,>

Esrave a IIlack Hannibal fought, till deep its his s xties . Though helose: uo~ :z?~

::'^wisive battles he continued- to cook .

When he died, even the worldhad ~~ ~~ ~;. .~ :'."4 rc?c~ledge the passing of this Black genius :

~J'r<)

~:~~r~o~nl7t~,r~ ~9y a~ueh~~l ic e

,ma~ta~Ce ~t~r~3,l~atlk ~c~

(they - city

oils Doss zrrTO zHe ARMY ;: ., .C~ .l:1L '%)fY :df :i:t: f:)~~)f1 :~:9J~~:SYC[ ~1C~S :j..Y' t'ft. .1 .

rf . 'i .:.'

, .^ : t.

. .

-

i:}') :ir'?fY ;if~)00 ~ ~

~ tf ;[ca

~C)f;`

!'~~

t . [t'; ,̂

C?lI1, .

a . <

t`t

~ :c ;

% :1 ~

, r

r`

. . .

~ rrCf E

.

~

[

.~, . .~ S .f r'IiiR'-.c:

°~f f

y.

t'

ff

~.

,, :~.,r:;~-

f a.r~xt,~,y,,:r.,

. ~ .

fi r, :

.v~~t

.

n ::u'v .t. .' i :, .

} . . .l .,C.', r . . f t:?

r: t".~ .i.

'

~}''~AeI2°tt$1~~ Tif'a

r wr>< r ;( it :rt>y i .,At, r,l. S

>" , . . .,

r::, ,.

w. .

TYie `T~"dcluctiCti~ ~dff ;cdr' shmtoi~:. M~:~, '~~r~~d~.~

!1Ko,-

fitmrr " sctY~y .

Gairexnm

~ti t

soPsi<,,,r>Lat ~ailowed to'~ interfere' ~ im . ~

~..11'~'fC'~- .-u,~ .

x i C'~r-

yry ,;.

~~ , "N~r~-no,'' :t.{ltis;` prot.este,d, ~tna3~l'i

.G~~~~~ ~.:

peen

xeadi'ng

in .' ahe~ p~tP r~~°:~!ti?dwr ~~1fte?~,

px ests

beenY : : :st,ir;x'i;~g

up `;Mt~,cf~tb~:'e, ~fd+~''

I'm going

to

take

a

machine

gun, and

blast th+e -he11-' vut of'..the~m:"

The;, Indutcticnh~ Officer wa.nced .at~d' wr~~e ::`

sameah ng , on~ the letter : in front ~;df 1~~'im~.~

,.~ ;i .fS .r:'

, ,~.'f1a�~12S $9.I11~~

r.

''

i 1:;7 .~.1' "s

~!ou

w~r~'t .,9~~ sent to,

:~~ ;; ."x4'~1~,~aoiul'd., Fy~ou' 1ik~

"~~"Sam'

pre-

ti~;~-erha ~~~~'xn

..,Unc1e:,s: Axmy and b~ .W~,

, . ; i. ,(,...

r~ , ~;tt

, t

, .} . . ,., .'

,~ . ,.Pare

~ �'~~e-' ,'~ i~ ~~'on

s~

n .

::: . ~1oYe~d. . ,,

` '

V3ie't` t>

`

h

~

;~~

ma~t,

~ s, , .P

~.~

.

: , .

,~,

n~'tcfr~'.

r.ti

,i~~

a~h~:

~{b~ed `the tb~~ : of

his

to

o=~ta Germa~i

r ,

-S' n;+~'a ;7

r7 '

. :

~

- :

~

, .~

~

f~

" c

(v::. .. ., . . .,. �. .. . . .�,

., _ . . ....

. . . . .,.

. ., .., . .~.

. .

.

,. .

. .:. . .. . .o ~

" ~'e

~~~~

r~itc~h'~`d`e.,nom,, _h ",:~ .: ,~: m. , )

; : :: ~,

:.

,

',

-'

: . .

.~, .

.:-

w~~.. ;~'

a.'

:.

fix

~.

~

, arrd

.. . Gh he1"1 ~eah~

~.,d, like, :~o .gQ~ to Ger-..

-~;ti~~ ~t'r $h~ ;~1~i~ ~ 'I~~rr`'~t~i~

C~iti~:'`

+, `

~~

eeo~+con~

~J ~.:'.

n-!

'ed

rCitgt ~uas ' ~e~ro~v`~ie~ci''?tf~

''swe~t

''bod '~a.

.~

~,

' ,h~i

;n

w

`~11 ' :~ta~~i's,,,-r

;,

Y

~

tup ,

treat.e~l, E t~,:e ., .~Jews

dew he`~ds`~ '~ '~~r~ced" t~ ' . .~~~ him ,~s':.,~e~:

'

f

.

~ "~

f.. . .

'

T m gori

s°hbat' avewy.~,, .,, , . ,

r, ~

p

Ian ;t~art'' ~e~c~an I_

.

r ,; ;. .

~~,

�t,.cam, thicaugfi: ' 'Mos'~ wi~fe~`los'~' in deer ' see

thau~h~t.off

i~txrtnur~d~i tierdC~~F~S:~t~"~Co t'he~:r .

~e off~Cef

eased what .h~ had put on

biddies .

.`

the "lotter'; r' and, `yvrofe

son~etk~inq: . e~:se,

A'b bad-'s'hd~~.dered "~~r ~"it~: CAm~+:n'

," ''~Eo

',-

~,:, :~,~,,~,

,. . , ', .

g.

~

:glancing ~a"t tS't3s ~~d shaki'ng his $ead.

-

is .

'~} -

~i.t,t :a :r ., ~ .r . ;;

:~ ,

.. ~;-

t

o sn.

N ; ~ Ger n'.�

,~, .

.,t~.

., r C~ . a

~

us

d e

t seem :right.:r

.. ..

~e~~,:, c2t~ : :

Z .

'?heP,,

,fu?raf, :~~~ .~ic3~d` :

`fbr :

qu

ri :;he

s~~

,

'

r,~oui

I

su

ese

ou'd

:cylru]E't`'fyr irwt

.s->t,

r

, ~~~

' ,

-' ..

~,

s

PP

Y

. ~ `rt ..

`bye ~a 13.ttLe: ~hap~i er

ris ing

duty here imt,',

.. , , "f, h~ s~idy ~scr~;tc~i3~ng beh~.ad~;h-~.s''

t}~e` Uni,te~l Stag

where you ` c;an be . :closeYeah,.,

ar

aiiii Pt~1'li~t~'~' ot~f : h'~s~~ i~rilt~~=ti~o~a nat

'

to ~lomet~''"

~

-

~_. . ..

.~p~~~~:~ ;~~~r~'~t'~~ '~~r~.s'''h~x~ ~t~~t~r Win" " - .~ ~ :~ea~h,~''I~'v~, .. .

,,

~e

,~r~~as

r

~eato code `whi r:~~t': ~~ ;i~1,CsttdAi%~tgt~~h some

tt 1

t7 f". ;T ',

tz

y,n~ the

~~''my.

.

'

.,~

~

=

,

i~r~~,~.:,tt~i

1#at'

' ~~

.

~:

e''.

~

,

.~"H~ve ~' ~eet ;? `~Pi~V~e

ase

~x~f~,°`:.trie ~~n,,~.o~.i.,

`m ''Sou'~her., . . ,

rt

r.,s-a~~ as ';h~` ., ~3~k:~ht': .

letter

'from Oti~~.`) tffx'~~t~~-,a4

rc~~brn'e ~di~.

m;

~- 7 . .firn , he n

"~~~m'bffidex.

,Kfa Klux IC'~an

Ye~dh`, r '~I;I~~

~~ what

I..~,omi~_':h~3'la " aY~oti'~~rt , . t.~':' ~9'Ctno~h..of. , ~y' f

; Otis - sa~.d'i;^ ~~ei~nir~g .

~tiI, vv'~n^~`ed.:~te ~ ~ ~+~~ ` � ~M.~i . .

C1eah

, up

t I o~xld '' if-

c

rat - seat

c~v~x ~ tl~~'r~~~t©~~i~~ ;. . ~, .9'

f1-at-_

tam,~t

-

. . t~aia

a~ minute .

+~,, sesent-~'~~ Viet l~einn? "''

Ot.~s nodded ;

'f1~Lat''s'.`:'cuf artt~ ':' ~th2 ;fi'nducti+'yrY, : ,. Q,ffi~t~ ~: e hs ~ :d

xeCs

3 9.-r ~a :

~ 'f. . ..~:~

e

!~~

y

Y

via

~3~on t you`)ra :. .rex

,

~i~ine . b

_ ~e

s~et~t

to . v3:+~~

~~~3~

: ~ . , f t

;.,.f ~

~

,`

,,

13k2

amontri

orr,r dust''t~vantto''help~: "my`

.couiri~txy : that~:~

,:,

sll, ~~.~ ; Qtis

s~idt

"f 'ght ng °°them , a~here~".

Bud+fti~at

pxa.~~ s` ~ that ~'-ve

b~eti talk, n~

all'~~that' ' mi's's '-' '~'g=a~-nst :;~~he ?~.8). :.r,~Onr~f`r~

i~ganing to have a

about

t~a't;, "" Otis

pet stafioned in o~ie

babes where L can be

em, p1a~e~ where

they`f

°t~grx~c"ed that me and

ends oould go around

~th2~t ,,.place ' in nothing

,,

r ;̀.'~~

''.' ~ The Tz~du~tio~ ~ ~~f3cex

sighed

and

~'-'Y`~',u,'~~~t;:~t~~ 'stain ed "sam~~.k~~h

~~ on

~.he

~:ettex as~ heyPr~,

. .

! ;,

. ;:~~nded~ 3.t` ~iack t~ Otis .

. :~'fiehT: Ydtt what ~ t~

he sai.da

rtWe

zre a lit

ui;C'~ ' `right

now.

Why

ok' 'in a litt~e~: ~yi~31e

The ,I~~wrea Af~,ons .gat th~e~.r thing ta~eth~~ with ,their latest recoxdi ,ng of

;~` .Ll° 1 'YEAR ( 52 issvex ~~

, .~~ G9 $ M05° {26 i~sutnF~ ~'.~~ '~~'

1~\NAME1

t+ADDRESS`Iv

j° riTY .

;;,

We're ~ w~.nne~, and never let anybody sayvThat we can r t make it -

,cause the peoples. :' . : in3nd$ ~ 3,No more ;tears, ..da,we cry,a

iwe have finally dried auAnd cue're ~rniGv~rio on-'up " .

Laved Y~eve

~cy,~;; we're movie' on upWe're l~vitig' proof of those alert thatr-'°we" :r, .~ ; trueAnd vue're~ mo:vir~'

an .up.

. , . ,have ;meroy, -we' xe movfn " an up

~~d eviybody tcr~ows . the tru~~f

wee <-justLake .ya'~x ,~:ead'~s teYl ; ybd for

. . :, .At last ~ tl zct blessed` d,~y 'hag ; came . and I dt~ti ;' t .'~e i to a11: .:. mta,+v3n "~

on hpLaved have mr~xcy we're moving on up: . , ,

MUNA~IMAD S~'~A~CS'~:~~usT

:* .

_.

~~ Ch~e'~~C'how you wish to l reeeive

'~,j'hk~KIL SUBSCRtpilON

far~' Muhainmad Spralts Ne'wspapa

C7 MOME pEllVERY

We're mov~~a' an'upLaved h~-ve mercy ;we'r'e movie' on upI don''t ~ri~~:nd , lea~lin' ;Y~~re to show the world we hav~'~~~i~t~ ~fe'ax''pause we';x~ a' vu~.nnei ., end everybody knows the t~~'~hW~ ~uat kegp orb ph

i

lik~ your leaders tel]~°'~+!~i,~At ~:~Ist f~~~. bless~$ ;~~y ha:~s come, and I dorr't caar~ wWe',re 3us~t g4naa riiov~ t~~ .~upLaved hive mercy we' x,~ movie on upWe dust keep,on pushi;n!We're, ~a w~,;~ner, and eve~Cybody,'s gonn~a~~ita've'' cntti ~~~,

''E'nfes,,,my .subsc,fiption °ttf~ M'll,'.

. ' ,..g~,~Ak5., Enclaled is M'y ,t~4

.

.11rrWl"� ,

. . �

,.

MMa0.0.RCUS GARVEY : BLACK. FATitlptx ~rr~ . ~ ,~f .̀K PdW~,R ~# )~. c+':)

~~ ARCU5 GARVEY WAS ~ORIV-SIN THE ISLAND OF JAMAICA,SRtTISM WEST tND1ES~

ON THE

i7 TN

DAY Of AUfIVb'Iw ,--- .I R:.S 7 ~

~t IS ~ .110tNER ANpPATH ER

WERE

SOTN

IILACK AFRICANS

WHOSE

ANGO TORS , WE11E

tllpUallT TO TN ATPART Oi THE WORLO FROM AFRICA AS l~.AVES IIr .WNJ-T~ CNRIiYIAN Ett'AOPEANS .

MARCUS GARVEY'S MOTHERWAS A

SOlE R

AND

CONSC IE NT'I O USLADYE, WNO "tCAME VICTIM OT' THEEuROPEAy~S RELIGION-CHRISTIANITY .

TRUE TQ ITS PURPOSEREN06R6D NERCHRISTI ANITY~ TOO SOFTAN,Ps AS IAARCVS

ARVEY ~AS,

,.-mar.:,.

xo a ~ r. Y g ~ .R

iN SpITE ,,4)k~.THE 6011TRAOIC~

CON~R11f10N `PR61~EN7~IF

TO MER

RY CNRlSTt AN "fiYP IARf .GARVEY WAS A STRICT NVIIANI~

7AR1 AN .

LATER ~!

+~Qi O . r~~ .~cR`~~

~

~~,:2FOR

THE TIIAE S

O U R 1 t1~9it ;; ~111I1t',

~:~;r '

.:. .Nc7i P ;l,.., ..7FrO C(' .<;'C`JG,`.'

:.Its t .®;7r>hr~a .l' . 'YU!'.~~:

,CbCfS.r1t ~"J~h

SN6 COVLD 66 SELN

VA4t~~ O " "b'{i'tf,IT1S1f't 1!L

OfTL N

NURS " N d

TII~Et t~;rwRtlc .,,

~!xr

~;"e" ri~Dt`!I

~ 1 Rr+o

~~'I~Y~,'% . fir

LS

r..~N~~s 60L1T `

ASSISTING THE

NEEDY

/Afi11LI

DETER° M I

MARCUS GAI't°YEY;'S FATHVR Vs1A,5A , NtANI . .OF ,Q~~ .RE-A'1'

~1'NTE4LEC T

AND. .a~+ sH ;sNO couR

O6.

N

W A S :A IME Lh~ASIpUiW~10 KNEW THAT TWE

p~SBES OF BLACKv

P~OFLE WAt) bEtNR~fS " ER OF TNE1R .,,

:>"F~.r,~r'a :e :~

a fy C-.

' is .t : ~ ~

"~"'.'"""""9

~i~~.v rfwi:L :.1. :; . ::>df

. �aO..R f A 1 NAd~:~

.'~'L LAtfrfL.+ .CiM E"7 , +lf,yl.,Q~C.

yE;.k~Y ~~i;, TN.~ .IQ!'t:~tsr'. s~ :M4ktrl~~r'~Fs. .FAN,:,

~NE WAS A RtiAL1,i.J?r,U~f77!11

INTEREiTRD INTHE NIf10RY OF1LAGK PEOPLE .'

. ~,. .TH 1 S

PROO'Q,IIAN DE'D6D ITRiE1~W < .TN_6 3REAT~MAROON :ft,~'K~OF JAIdA1CA~ WN0FORCE D

THE LNOtirdNELAVE " NIAiTERlI TO RESPEz,Rf3NT$ A.Np FREF+Jf;OM,

~~~i"!~`~~ tt~ ~t c~J Itsv r .~I~el~io~; ``tt~F

i~~~4

r IN NER t3 .d1`f~IMU.NITY~ vSNE WA6 ALWAYS

TO YIELD _ ._ ."

-

YY'I~c1.1N0 TO RETVR~1 A i'IAILE lrib'R~A " LOW ,

.;

~6LEIV~h N11AiELfy r ~la'H"~~

AND SESTOYI 'I~NA'R~ITY' UPON HEII EN[h11t8 .

'.

.~

~ ,TO TM1S iTRANb6 COli1~II" MATION ~1,II .iMRS .GARYEY~ MARCV:SGARVEY WAIT "ORN .

ri