July 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 536 - 1€¦ · July 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 536 - 7 4.4 Aescin or derivative: 6.3 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Products

July 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 536 - 1

CLASS 536, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES

SUBCLASSES

1.11 Carbohydrates and derivatives: This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds which are carbohydrates or deriva-tives thereof, i.e., those compounds which sat-isfy one of the three criteria set forth below (unless otherwise indicated, figures are repre-sentative examples only):Criterion 1: com-pounds whose monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes [1, 2] or polyhy-droxy mono-ketones [3, 4] having the formula Cn(H2O)n (wherein n = 5 or 6 – subsequent ref-erences to “n” refer to these values), i.e., “acy-clic saccharides,” of which representative samples are:

D-ribose [1]

D-glucose [2]

D-ribulose [3]

D-fructose [4] Criterion 2: the correspondingcyclic hemiacetals, i.e. “cyclic saccharides” ofwhich represen-tative examples are:

a-D-ribose D-ribofuranose [5]

a-D-glucose D-glucopyranose [6]

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536 - 2 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS July 2011

a-D-glucose D-glucopyranose [7] [10]

a-D-glucose D-glucopyranose [8] wherein:(i) figure [5] is the cyclic form of figure [1],(ii) figures [6-8] each depict, in a differentway, a-D-glucose, which is one of [11] the two cyclic forms of D-glucoseshown in figure [2], (iii) figure [2] isa Fischer projection, figure [6] is a con-formationalprojection, figure [7] is a Haworth projec-tion,and figure [8] is a Mills projection, (iv) thenumber one carbon atom, the asterisked carbon atom, is the hemiacetalcarbon and is also known as the anomeric carbon. Criterion 3: the derivatives of (1) or (2) wherein: (a) for acyclic saccharides,(i) the 5 or 6 carbon member skeleton and the carbonylfunction are not destroyed, (ii) there are no fewer than(n - 2) total –OR moieties directly bonded to the carbonskeleton (wherein R is H or a group bonded to oxygen through carbon), (iii) no more than one oxygen atom is attached to any one carbonof the carbon skeleton, and structures [9-14] [12] areillustrative:

[13]

[9]

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[14] (b) for cyclicsaccharides, except for C-glycosyl compounds describedin section, and (c) there can be substitution by moieties whichdo not destroy the cyclic saccharide structure as long as at least one –XH or –XR group is bonded directly to the hemiacetal/anomeric car-bon(this carbon is denoted with an asterisk in the fig-uresbelow), wherein X is –O–, –S–,or –NRS– and R is H or agroup bonded to X through carbon and RS is asub-stituent which completes the valency of the nitrogen atom, andfigures [15-18] represent the minimum struc-turenecessary to constitute a cyclic saccharide deriva-tive:

[15] n=5

[16] n=6

[17] n=6

[18] n=6 wherein: - at leastone of the R1 (where n = 5) or atleast two of the R1 (where n = 6)must be –OR wherein R is H or a group bonded to the oxygenof –OR through carbon; and the representation of thebond between XR and the ring position 1 in ech of the struc-tures [15-18] signifiesan a (i.e., axial) or b (i.e., equato-rial) configuration (c) forcyclic saccharide, C-glycosyl-type compounds (also known as C-glycosides) (i) C-glycosyl compounds will have the structure defined below [19-21]

[19] n=5

[20] n=6

[21] n=6 wherein: - at leastone of the R1 (where n = 5) or atleast two of the R1 (where n = 6)must be –OR wherein R is H or group bonded to the oxygenof –OR through carbon; - R2, R3,and R4 alone or in combina-tion can be any substituentwhich completes the valency

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of the carbon atom. (ii) “C-glycoside”,although often used in the art to represent this type compound,is a mis-nomer–“C-glycosyl” is the properterm.

(1) Note. All statements in this sublass defi-nition are intended to be inclusive of allspatial and stereochemical configura-tions, except if otherwise specified.

(2) Note. Oxygen heteroatom-containingcyclic compounds lacking any –XH or–XR bonded to the anomeric carbon ofthe cyclic structure are not carbohy-drates/cyclic hemiacetals; such com-pounds are tetrahydrofurans [22] ortetrohydropyrans [23, 24]:

[25]

Tetrahydrofuran [22]

[26]

Tetrahydropyran [23]

Tetrahydropyran [24]

(3) Note. Included within the scope of this class are compounds wherein oxygens which are attached to carbons of the car-bohydrate skeleton are also attached to the same alkylidene or substitued alky-lidene groups. See, for example, struc-tures [25-29].

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[27]

[28]


[29]

(4) Note. Carbohydrate degradation prod-ucts which contain fewer than five car-bon atoms in the carbohydrate moiety are not provided for in this class, but are classified elsewhere in the chemical compound area.

(5) Note. Alcohol, acid, and amine deriva-tives of carbohydrates which are formed by an alcohol, carboxylic acid, or amine function replacing the oxygen of the car-bonyl group of an acyclic carbohydrate are not provided for in this class, but are classified elsewhere.

(6) Note. The heteroatom of the cyclic car-bohydrate must be an oxygen. Com-pounds with different heteroatoms or compounds without a heteroatom in the cyclic structure (e.g. inositol) are not classified in this class; they are classified elsewhere.

(7) Note. Some names of common carbohy-drates include: Monosaccharides: Fructose (Fru), Fucose (Fuc), Galactosamine (GalN), Galactose (Gal), Glucosamine (GlcN), Glucose (Glc), Glucuronic acid (GlcA), Idose (Ido), Mannose (Man), Neuraminic acid (e.g., Neu5Ac, etc.), Sialic acid, Xylose (Xyl). Oligosaccharides: Cyclodextrin, Lac-tose (Lac), Maltose, Raffinose, Sialyl Lewis x (sLex), Sucrose, Trehalose. Homopolysaccharides (all the mono-meric units are the same): Amylose/ Amylopectin, Cellulose, Chitin/Chito-san, Dextran, Glucan, Inulin, Starch. Heteropolysaccharides (different mono-mers comprise the repeating unit): Algin/Alginic acid, Bacterial/capsular polysaccharides; Glycosaminoglycans

(Mucopolysaccharides including Chon-droitin sulfate, Dermatan sulfate, Hep-arin, Heparan sulfate, Hyaluronic acid, Keratan sulfate); Gums, Mannans, Pec-tins, Xylan.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 22.1 through 24.5, for nucleic acids and

oligomeric or polymeric forms thereof, including DNA or RNA frag-ments (e.g., genes, etc.)

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,

subclasses 36 through 41 for hydroly-sis of carbohydrates by nonbiochemi-cal methods wherein the process stops with such hydrolysis or is followed by purification, concentration, or crystal-lization of the sugar or sugar solution thereby produced.

162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses for liberating, recovering, or purifying of cellulose fibers from natural sources.

424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treat-ing Compositions, subclass 1.73 for carbohydrates attached to radionu-clides; subclasses 9.35-9.351 for car-bohydrates attached to magnetic imaging agents; and subclass 9.43 for carbohydrates attached to X-ray con-trast imaging agents.

428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti-cles, subclasses 532 through 537.7 for a nonstructural laminate contain-ing a carbohydrate.

435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 72 through 105 for enzymatic or microbial pro-cesses for synthesizing a saccharide containing compound; subclasses 274-279 for using an enzyme or microorganism to recover or purify a carbohydrate material from animal, plant, or microbial material.

506, Combinatorial Chemistry Technol-ogy: Method, Library, Apparatus, for a carbohydrate library and a process of creating said library.

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514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treat-ing Compositions, subclasses 23 through 62 for pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing a carbohydrate as the active ingredient.

527, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 300 through 315 for a solid polymer derived from a carbo- 3 hydrate or derivative reactant and an ethylenic reactant, a SICP or a SPFI or a process of preparing said poly-mer.

530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Deriva-tives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, sub-classes 395 through 398 for glyco-proteins such as proteoglycans, mucins, etc. 4.1

544, Organic Compounds, appropriate sub-classes for purines and pyrimidines which do not have a carbohydrate attached.

549, Organic Compounds, subclass 315 for ascorbic acid; subclasses 356-428 for tetrahydropyrans; and subclasses 429-509 for tetrahydrofurans. Such tet-rahydropyrans and tetrahydrofurans lack an –XH or –XR bonded to what would be the anomeric carbon atom of a cyclic saccharide.

562, Organic Compounds, subclasses 512 through 609 for compounds wherein a carboxylic acid group has replaced the carbonyl function of an acyclic carbohydrate, especially subclass 597 for oxalic acid.

564, Organic Compounds, for compounds wherein an amine function has replaced the carbonyl function of an acyclic carbohydrate.

568, Organic Compounds, subclasses 852 through 872 for compounds wherein an alcohol group has replaced the car-bonyl group of an acyclic carbohy-drate.

2 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.11. Compounds which are pectins and reaction products thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 426, Food or Edible Material: Processes,

Compositions, and Products, sub-class 577, for food compositions con-taining pectin.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.11. Compounds which are algins or reaction prod-ucts thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 426, Food or Edible Material: Processes,

Compositions, and Products, sub-class 656, for food compositions con-taining algin.

O- or S-Glycosides: This subclass is indented under subclass 1.11. Compounds which an acetal or thiocetal deriv-atives of the cyclic forms of sugars in which the hydrogen atom of the hemiacetal hydroxyl or hemithioacetal sulfhydryl group has been replaced by an alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group.

(1) Note. An O- or S- glycoside is basically a compound having a sugar moeity con-nected to an aglycone moiety via oxygen or sulfur.

(2) Note. On complete hydrolysis these compounds yield one or more monosac-charides, and mono or polyhydric alco-hol or phenol, or sulfur analogs thereof.

(3) Note. The cyclic sugars referred to in the definitions are normally pyranoses or furanoses.

(4) Note. Glycosides derived from aldoses are referred to as aldosides, and those from ketoses are ketosides.

(5) Note. This subclass includes arbutin, amygdalin, and salicin, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:2, for pectins.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:560, Organic Componds, subclass 68 for

tannins some of which are probably glycosides.

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4.4 Aescin or derivative: 6.3 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Products which consist of a mixture of sapoge-nin glycosides (saponins) obtained from the seed of the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hip-pocastanum).

6.4 5 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.

Compounds in which the aglycone moiety of the glycoside contains a cyclopentanohydro-phenanthrene nucleus.

Processes of extracting from plant materi-als: This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Processes which include extracting the com-pound from plant materials.

Daunomycin or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula and derivatives thereof:

6 This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Compounds wherein a six- membered hetero-O-cyclic substituent is connected directly to a carbon atom of the cyclopentanohydrophenath-rene nucleus.

6.1 Oxygen containing five-membered hetero ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Compounds wherein a five-membered hetero-O-cyclic substitutent is connected directly to a carbon atom of the cyclopentanohydrophenan-threne nucleus.

(1) Note. This subclass includes, for exam-ple, neutral saponins and glycosides hav-ing an aglycone moeity described as cardenolide. Acid saponins (i.e., triter-penoid saponins) are not subject matter for this subclass. For purposes of classi- 6.5 fication, saponins which are not desig-nated as acid or neutral are considered neutral and are classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 4.1, for acid saponins (i.e., triterpenoid

saponins) which are known not to contain the cyclopentanohydro-phenanthrene nucleus.

4.4, for aescin or derivatives.

6.2 Nitrogen, phosphorus or halogen contain-ing: This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Compounds which contain nitrogen, phospho-urus, or halogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 16.8, for glycoside antibiotics structurally

similar to daunomycin wherein the anthracycline structure is destroyed or wherein the amino group is removed from daunosamine.

18.7, for daunosamine, per se.

Oxygen containg hetero ring of at least twenty ring members (e.g., amphotercin, nystatin, pimaricin, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which contain a hetero-O-cyclic substitutent of twenty or more ring members.

(1) Note. The compounds provided for herein are commonly referred to as “macrolide antibiotics” or “polyene macrolide antibiotics”. They include a macrocyclic lactone ring with various ketonic an hydroxyl functions glycosid-ically bound to deoxysugars. As repre-sentative of this class of compounds there may be mentioned amphotericin A, amphotericin B, candicidin, nystation, perimycin, and pimaricin.

(2) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:

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7.2 Erythromycin or derivative (e.g., oleando-mycin, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Compounds which have the following structure and derivatives thereof wherein the three-part structure shown is not destroyed, and wherein the dimethylamine group of desosamine is not removed, but may be substituted.

7.1 Oxygen containing hetero ring having 12-19 members (e.g., methymycin, carbomycin, spiramycin, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which contain a hetero-O-cyclic substitutent of twelve or more ring members.


7.3

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:7.1, for desdimethylamine erythromycins.18.7, for desosamine, per se.

Boron, phosphorus or sulfur containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Compounds which contain boron, phosphorus, or sulfur.

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7.4 Additional nitrogen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Compounds which contain at least one nitrogen other than the desosamine nitrogen.

7.5 Purification or recovery: This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Processes which include separating the com-pound from impurities or from the reaction mixture.

8 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which upon hydrolysis yield a sugar, or mixture of sugars, and the anthoxan-thins.

(1) Note. The anthoxanthins include the fla-vones, the flavonols, the flavonones, the isoflavones and the xanthones.

(2) Note. The compounds are usually plant pigments.

(3) Note. The subclass provides for rutin, quercitrin, hesperidin, citronin and eri-odictin, etc.

(4) Note. The flavone moiety is the agly-cone portion of the compound.

8.8 Coumermycin or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.:

13 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

13.1 Antibiotic BM 123 or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following isomeric structural formulae (below) and derivatives thereof.:

13.2 Neomycin B or neomycin C or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formulae (below): and derivatives, com-plexes, or mixtures thereof.

13.3 Paromomycin or derivative (e.g., neomycin E, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.:

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13.5 Butirosin or derivative (e.g., ambutyrosin,etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

13.6 Gentamicin or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the folllowing struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

13.4 Antibiotic XK or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.Compounds which may have any of the follow-ing structural formulae (below) and derivatives 13.7 Kanamycin or derivative:thereof. This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.

Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula: (below) and derivatives thereof.

(1) Note. Included herein are antibiotics of the XK-88 series, such as XK-88-5, also named seldomycin factor 5, and those of the XK-62 series, such as XK-62-2.

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15 This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Compounds which are reduction products of streptomycin and have the following formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

13.8 Carbonyl bonded directly to kanamycin nitrogen: This subclass is indented under subclass 13.7. Compounds which include at least one carbo-nyl group directly bonded to a nitrogen of kan-amycin.

13.9 Sisomicin or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compoounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

14 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) or which have the struc-ture of any of the three main components shown in the formula; and derivatives thereof.

16 This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Compounds which result from an addition-type reaction of streptomycin, or a derivative thereof, with another compound.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for the addition salts formed by reacting strepto-

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mycin with metal halides, organic amines, organic or inorganic acids, etc. 16.6 Neamine or derivative (e.g., neomycin A,

etc.): 16.1 Fortimicin or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.

This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-Compounds which have the following struc- tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof. tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

16.2 Lincomycin or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

16.7 Kasugamycin or derivative: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the following struc-tural formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

16.8

16.3 Cyano or -COO- containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Compounds which contain a -CN or -COO group.

16.4 Additional sulfur containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Compounds which contain at least two sulfurs.

16.5 Phosphorus or halogen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Compounds which contain phosphorus or halo-gen.

Antibiotics: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which have the capacity to inhibit the growth of or destroy micro-organisms and are generally emplyed to kill disease in aperson or animal.

(1) Note. Anibiotics are generally produced by a bacterium or fungus, however, such processes are not provided for herein.

(2) Note. The compound may be antibacte-rial or antifungal.

(3) Note. This subclass provides for antibi-otics which are not provided for in spe-cific antibiotic subclasses above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology And

Microbiology, for processes of mak-ing antibiotics by cultivating micro-oganisms.

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16.9 Purification or recovery: 18.1 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.8. Processes which include separating the antibi-otic(s) from inpurities or from the reaction mixture.

18.2 17.1 Boron, phosphorus, heavey metal or alumi-

num containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which contain boron, phosphorus, a metal having a specific gravity greater than four, or aluminum.

18.3 17.2 Nitrogen containing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compound which contain nitrogen.

17.3 Nitrogen containing hetero ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 17.2. 18.4 Compounds which contain nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring.

17.4 Nitrogen in aglycone moiety: 18.5 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Compound which contain nitrogen in the agly-cone (nonsugar) moiety of the glycoside.

17.5 Sulfur containing (e.g., methylthiolin-cosaminide, etc.).: 18.6 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.2. Compounds which contain sulfur.

17.6 Nitrogen or sulfur in aglycone moiety: This subclass is indented under subclass 17.5. Compounds which contain nitrogen or sulfur in the aglycone (nonsugar) moiety of the glyco-side. 18.7

17.7 Nitro or nitroso containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 17.2. Compounds which contain nitro or nitroso.

20 17.8 Nitrogen in aglycone moiety:

This subclass is indented under subclass 17.7. Compounds which contain nitrogen in the aglycone (nonsugar) moiety of the glycoside.

17.9 Nitrogen in aglycone moiety: This subclass is indented under subclass 17.2. Compounds which contain nitrogen in the aglycone (nonsugar) moiety of the glycoside.

Polycyclo ring system (e.g., hellebrin, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which contain a polycyclo ring system.

Containing -C(=X)X- wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which contain a -C(=X)X- group wherein the X's are the same of diffierent and are O, S, Se, or Te.

Plural oxyalkylene groups bonded directly to each other. This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which contain two or more succes-sive oxyalkylene groups.

Halogen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Compounds which contain halogen.

Processses: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Processes which are directed to the prepara-tion, purification, recovery, stabilization of treatment of an O- or S- glycoside.

Reacting a carbohydrate with an organic -O- containing compound (e.g., reacting glu-cose with methanol, etc.) This subclass is indented under subclass 18.5. Processes which include perparing the glyco-side by reacting a carbohydrate with an organic compound containing -O-.

Nitrogen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds which are nitrogen containing derivatives of carbohydrates.

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which upon acid hydrolysis yield acetylglucosamine and which are polysaccha-rides having the following repeating unit (below) and derivatives thereof.

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(1) Note. Chitin is a horny substance that forms part of the hard outer shell of insects and crustaceans and is structur-ally similar to cellulose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which are polysaccharides con-taining the following repeating unit wherein the degree of sulfation of the individual com-ponents in the polysaccharide is apparently not uniform and may vary at different areas of the carbohydrate chain, and derivatives thereof.

(1) Note. Heparin is a natural substance which can be found in various tissues of mammals, especially the lung, spleen, liver and muscle, and has been used medicinally for coagulation of blood and metabolism of lipids.

22.1 N-glycosides, polymers thereof, metal deriv-atives (e.g., nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which are glycosidic derivatives of the cyclic forms of sugars in which the agly-cone portion is attached thru nitrogen to the sugar moiety by substituting it for the hemiace-tal hydroxyl of the sugar.

(1) Note. The compounds included herein are N-glycosides, nucleic acids, oligonu-

cleotides, metal derivatives of nucleic acids, etc.

(2) Note. A nucleoside is an N-glycoside wherein the aglycone portion is a pyrim-idine ring or a purine ring system attached thru ring nitrogen to a pentose sugar (either a ribose or a deoxyribose).

(3) Note. A nucleotide is a phosphorylated nucleoside.

(4) Note. Polynucleotides, also called nucleic acids, are covalently linked series of nucleotides in which the 3i position of the pentose of one nucleotide is joined by a phosphodiester group to the 5i position of the next.

(5) Note. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are biologically occurring polynucleotides in which the nucleotide residues are linked in a spe-cific sequence by phosphodiester link-ages.

(6) Note. The numbering of the members of the purine ring system in these sub-classes does not follow the Ring Index numbering system. The numbering sys-tem followed is:

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 4+, for glycosides wherein the aglycone

moiety is attached to the sugar portion through an oxygen or sulfur atom.

25.5, for homopolymers wherein the mono-meric unit is a nucleotide or a nucleo-side.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 544, Organic Compounds, subclass 243 for

nucleotide analogs which are not gly-cosides.

23.1 DNA or RNA fragments or modified forms thereof (e.g., genes, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which are fragments of nucleic acid having a specific sequence of deoxyribo-nucleotide units, or ribonucleotide units, linked by successive 3i-5i phosphodiester linkages, or modified derivatives thereof.

(1) Note. A gene is a fragment of DNA that encodes a specific polypeptide in a recombinant process.

(2) Note. “Encodes” means that the frag-ment of DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide expressed by a microorganism that has been trans-formed with such fragment of DNA.

(3) Note. For purposes of this class the term microorganism includes bacteria, actino-mycetales, cyanobacteria (unicellular algae), fungi, protozoa, animal cells, plant cells, and virus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 24.1, for non-coding sequences which con-

trol transcription or translation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and

Microbiology, subclasses 69.1+ and 440+ for recombinant processes that utilize DNA fragments and subclass 320.1 for plasmids (circular extrach-romosomal self replicating fragments of DNA).

436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immuno-logical Testing, appropriate sub-classes for monenzymatic analytical processes which test for, or utilize, N-glycosides, polynucleotides, or poly-nucleosides.

514, Drug, Bio-Affecting, and Body Treat-ing Compositions, appropriate sub-classes for therapeutic composition and methods of using DNA frag-

ments, RNA fragments, nucleotides, or nucleosides.

530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Deriva-tives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropri-ate subclasses for polypeptides or pro-teins that are products obtained from recombinant processes that utilize fragments of DNA.

23.2 Encodes an enzyme: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific enzymes.


Microbiology, subclass 172.3 for recombinant processes which utilize fragments of DNA.

23.4 Encodes a fusion protein: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific fusion proteins.



23.5 Encodes an animal polypeptide: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific animal polypeptides.



23.51 Hormone: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.5. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific hormones.



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23.52 Interferon: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.5. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific interferons.



23.53 Immunoglobulin: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.5. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific immunoglobulins.



23.6 Encodes a plant polypeptide: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific plant polypeptides.



23.7 Encodes a microbial polypeptide: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific microbial polypeptides.



23.71 Bacillus thuringiensis insect toxin: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.7. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode Bacillus thuringiensis insect toxins.


Microbiology, subclasses 440+ for recombinant processes which utilize fragments of DNA.

23.72 Viral protein: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.7. Compounds which are DNA fragments which encode specific viral proteins.


Microbiology, subclasses 440+ for recombinant processes which utilize fragments of DNA.

23.74 Fungal protein: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.7. Compounds which are DNA fragments encode specific fungal proteins.



24.1 Non-coding sequences which control tran-scription or translation processes (e.g., pro-moters, operators, enhancers, ribosome binding sites, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Fragments of DNA which are sequences of nucleotides which do not encode polypeptides in recombinant processes, but which regulate the expression of such chemical compounds in such processes.

(1) Note. Included herein are such com-pounds as promoters, operators, ribo-some binding sites, enhancers, etc.

24.2 Non-coding sequences having no known reg-ulatory function and which are adaptors or linkers for vector or gene construction: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Compounds which are fragments of DNA, which have utility in constructing a desired gene or in the insertion of genetic material into a vector.

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(1) Note. A vector is a vehicle employed to introduce a nucleic acid sequence, or gene, into a cell.


Microbiology, subclass 320.1 for vec-tors.

24.3 Probes for detection of specific nucleotide sequences or primers for the synthesis of DNA or RNA: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Fragments of nucleic acids which have utility as probes for the detection of specific nucle-otide sequences, or as primers for the synthesis of DNA or RNA.

(1) Note. A probe is a single strand of DNA or RNA which could be labelled, and which hybridizes by complementary base pairing with another single strand of DNA or RNA.

(2) Note. A primer is a sequence of nucle-otides which is used in the synthesis of DNA or RNA.


Microbiology, subclass 6.11 for ana-lytical processes that utilize probes for detecting the presence, or absence, of a particular nucleotide sequence.

24.31 Probes for detection of animal nucleotide sequences: This subclass is indented under subclass 24.3. Fragments of nucleic acid which are single strands of DNA or RNA with utility in analyti-cal processes for the detection of complemen-tary nucleotide sequences of animal origin.

24.32 Probes for detection of microbial nucleotide sequences: This subclass is indented under subclass 24.3. Fragments of nucleic acid which are single strands of DNA or RNA with utility in analyti-cal processes for the detection of complemen-tary nucleotide sequences of microbial origin.

24.33 Primers: This subclass is indented under subclass 24.3. Fragments of nucleic acids which have utility as primers.

(1) Note. A primer is a sequence of nucle-otides which is used in the synthesis of DNA or RNA.

24.5 Nucleic acid expression inhibitors: This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Fragments of DNA or RNA which are effective inhibitors of transcription or translation.

(1) Note. Transcription is the process by which the genetic information contained in a fragment of DNA specifies the com-plementary sequence of bases in an RNA chain.

(2) Note. Translation is the process by which the genetic information contained in a fragment of RNA directs or specifies the sequence of amino acids in polypep-tide synthesis.

25.1 3i-5i linked RNA: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which are polyribonucleotides of a specific sequence wherein the ribonucleotide units are linked by 3i-5i phosphodiester link-ages.

25.2 2i-5i linked RNA: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which are polyribonucleotides of a specific sequence wherein theribonucleotide units are linked by 2i-5i phosphodiester link-ages.

25.3 Synthesis of polynucleotides or oligonucle-otides: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Process for the synthesis of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides, which process may be, or include, a crosslinking step.


Microbiology, appropriate subclasses for processes for the synthesis of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides

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that utilize a microorganism or an enzyme.

25.31 Deprotection step: This subclass is indented under subclass 25.3. Processes for the synthesis of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides which include a deprotec-tion step.

25.32 Labels or markers utilized (e.g., radiotracer, affinity, fluorescent, phosphorescent mark-ers, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 25.3. Processes for the synthesis of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides in which a label or marker is used to indicate the presence of a particular product.


Microbiology, subclasses 91.1+ for processes of synthesizing polynucle-otides or oligonucleotides which include an enzyme utilized as a label or in any other category.

25.33 Pentavalent phosphorus compound utilized: This subclass is indented under subclass 25.3. Processes for the synthesis of polynucleotides and oligonucleotides which utilize pentavalent phosphorus compounds.

25.34 Trivalent phosphorus compound utilized: This subclass is indented under subclass 25.3. Processes for the synthesis of polynucleotides and oligonucleotides which utilize trivalent phosphorus compounds.

25.4 Separation or purification of polynucle-otides or oligonucleotides: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Processes for the purification or separation of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides.


Microbiology, appropriate subclasses for processes for the purification or separation of polynucleotides or olygonucleotides that utilize a micro-organism or an enzyme.

25.41 Extraction processes (e.g., solvent extraction process, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 25.4. Processes for the purification or separation of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides which include extraction steps, e.g., solvent extraction processes, etc.

25.42 Denaturant utilized: This subclass is indented under subclass 25.41. Processes for the separation or purification of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides which include extraction steps, which processes uti-lize a denaturant.

25.5 Homopolymers having repeating sequences of four or more identical nucleotide units: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Polynucleotides consisting of four or more identical nucleotide units linked by phosphod-iester linkages.

25.6 Nucleic acids which include two or three nucleotide units: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which include two or three nucle-otide units linked by phosphodiester linkages.

(1) Note. Each unit has to be a nucleotide unit, i.e., a phosphoesterified nucleoside.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 26.5, for plural N-glycosides bonded to the

same phosphorus ester group wherein the N is part of a nitrogen containing hetero ring.

26.1 Phosphorus containing N-glycoside wherein the N is part of an N-hetero ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which are N-glycosides which contain phosphorus and wherein the N of the N-glycoside moiety is part of a nitrogen con-taining hetero ring.

(1) Note. Nucleotides are provided for in this and indented subclasses.

(2) Note. An example of a compound pro-vided for herein is:

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26.11 The phosphorus is part of a ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds wherein the phosphorus is part of a ring structure.


26.12 The N-hetero ring is part of a purine ring system: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.11. Compounds in which the nitrogen containing hetero ring is part of a purine ring system.


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26.13 Adenine or substituted adenine: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.12. Compounds in which the purine ring system is adenine, i.e., 6-aminopurine, which may be substituted.


26.14 The N-hetero ring is a diazine or a diazole ring, including hydrogenated: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.11. Compounds in which the nitrogen containing hetero ring is a diazine ring, i.e., a six-mem-bered hetero ring with two nitrogens and four carbons, or a diazole ring, i.e., a five-mem-bered hetero ring with two nitrogens and three carbons, which nitrogen containing hetero ring could be hydrogenated.


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26.21 Plural phosphorus atoms bonded directly to the same chalcogen in a chain (e.g., pyro-phosphates, polyanhydrides of phosphorus acids, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.2. Compounds which contain two phosphorus bonded directly to the same chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur selenium or tellurium) in a chain.

(1) Note. An example of a compound pro-26.2 Plural phosphorus atoms in N-glycoside: vided for herein is:

This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds which contain more than one phosphorus atom.

(1) Note. Examples of compounds providedfor herein are:

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26.22 Both terminal phosphorus atoms are esteri-fied by organic groups wherein one of these organic groups is the sugar moiety: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.21. Compounds wherein both terminal phosphorus atoms are esterified by organic groups wherein one of the organic groups is the sugar moiety.


26.23 Exactly two phosphorus atoms in the chain (e.g., coenzyme A, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.22. Compounds in which the chain consists of two phosphorus groups bonded directly to the same chalcogen in the chain.


coenzyme A

uridine diphosphate glucose

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26.24 NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and derivatives thereof: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.23. The compound which is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and derivatives thereof.

(1) Note. The structure for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is:

26.25 FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and derivatives thereof: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.23. The compound which is flavin adenine dinu-cleotide and derivatives thereof.

(1) Note. The structure for flavin adenine dinucleotide is:

26.26 Triphosphates (in same chain): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.21. Compounds which contain a chain of three phosphorus joined by chalcogen atoms.

(1) Note. An example of a compound pro-vided for herein is adenosine triphos-phate:

26.3 Plural monophosphate groups (e.g., adenos-ine -3i,5i- biscarboxymethyl phosphonate, cytidine nucleoside diphosphate, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.2. Compounds which include two or more mono-phosphate groups attached indirectly to each other.


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26.4 Cobalamin nucleotides (e.g., vitamin B-12, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds which are cobalt containing nucle-otides.

(1) Note. An example of a compound pro-vided for herein is vitamin B-12.

26.41 Processes of preparing or labelling: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.4. Processes for the preparation of cobalamin nucleotide compounds or for the labelling of these compounds.

26.42 Processes of concentration, separation, recovery, or extraction (e.g., recovery from organ extracts, from fermentation broth, from sewage sludge, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.4. Processes for the separation, extraction, recov-ery, or concentration of cobalamin nucleotide compounds.

26.43 Adsorbent used (e.g., activated alumina, ion exchange resins, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.42. Processes for the separation, extraction, recov-ery or concentration wherein an adsorbent is used.

26.44 Cobalamin analogs (i.e., compounds wherein the benzimidazole ring system has

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been replaced by another organic ring struc-ture, or compounds wherein cobalt has been removed or replaced by another metal, or is substituted by a group other than -OH or -CN): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds which are cobalamin analogs, e.g., compounds wherein the benzimidazole ring 26.6 system has been replaced by another ring struc-ture, or wherein the cobalt metal has been removed or replaced by another metal or the cobalt is substituted by a group other than -OH or -CN, etc.

26.5 Plural N-glycosidic moieties bonded to the same phosphorus ester group: 26.7 This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds wherein plural N-glycosidic groups are bonded directly to the same phos-phorus ester group.


SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 25.6, for nucleic acids which include two or

three nucleotide units linked by phos-phodiester linkages.

Labelled (e.g., tagged with radioactive tracer, fluorescent marker, intercalator, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds to which a marker (chemical, radioactive, fluorescent, etc.) has been added to indicate its presence.

The N-hetero ring is part of a bicyclic ring system: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring is part of a bicyclic hetero ring system.


26.71 Preparing purine nucleotides:This subclass is indented under subclass 26.7.Processes for the preparation of purine nucle-otides.

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26.72 Guanosine nucleotide preparation: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.71. Processes for the preparation of guanosine nucleotide.

26.73 Separation or purification of purine nucle-otides: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.7. Processes for the separation or purification of purine nucleotides.

26.74 Inosine nucleotide: This subclass is indented under subclass 26.7. The compound which is inosine nucleotide.

(1) Note. The compound provided for herein is:

26.9 The N-hetero ring is five-membered (e.g., l-b-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxa-mide-5i-phosphate, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring is five-membered.


26.8 The N-hetero ring is six-membered and monocyclic (e.g., uridine-5i-monophosphate, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring is six-membered and is not part of a polycyclic ring system. 27.1


N-glycosides wherein the N is part of an N-hetero ring which hetero ring is part of a polycyclo ring system containing an N-het-ero ring and an additional hetero ring (e.g., rebeccamycin, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which are N-glycosylamines wherein the N of the N-glycoside moiety is part of a nitrogen containing hetero ring which het-ero ring is part of a polycyclo ring system that

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contains the N-hetero ring and an additional hetero ring.

(1) Note. This and indented subclasses do not provide for compounds that contain a phosphorus ester group attached to the sugar moiety.

(2) Note. Nucleosides are provided for in this and indented subclasses.

(3) Note. An example of a compound pro-vided for herein is rebeccamycin:

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 26.1+, for nucleotides, i.e., phosphorus con-

taining nucleosides.

27.11 Preparing by cleaving nucleic acids or by attaching an N-heterocyclic base to a sugar ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1. Processes for the preparation of N-hetero gly-cosides which include cleaving (degradation) of nucleic acids or bonding an N-heterocyclic base to a sugar ring.

(1) Note. Chemical cleaving (degradation) of nucleic acids is provided for in this subclass.


Microbiology, subclasses 85+ for pro-cesses of cleaving nucleic acids which

utilize a micro-organism or an enzyme.

27.12 Separation or purification (e.g., resolving isomeric mixtures, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1. Processes for the separation, isolation, or puri-fication of the N-hetero glycosides.

(1) Note. Chemical processes for resolving isomeric mixtures are included in this subclass.


Microbiology, appropriate subclasses for processes for the separation, isola-tion or purification of N-glycosides or nucleic acids which utilize a micro-organism or an enzyme.

27.13 Bicyclic ring system consisting of the N-het-ero ring fused to another hetero ring (e.g., 2-azaadenines, 6-azaadenines, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring is part of a bicyclic ring system which consists of an N-hetero ring fused to another hetero ring.


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27.2

27.14 Multideoxy or didehydro: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.13. Compounds wherein two or more -OH groups, which would normally be attached to the sugar ring, have been replaced by hydrogen or another chemical group.


The bicyclic ring system consists of a 1,3 diazine ring, which may be hydrogenated, fused to a five-membered N-hetero ring (e.g., purine isoesters like tubercidin, toyo-camycin, sangivamycin, sparsomycin A, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.13. Compounds wherein a 1,3-diazine hetero ring, which may be hydrogenated, is fused to a five-membered N-hetero ring.


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27.21 The five-membered N-hetero ring is 1,3-dia-zole, which may be hydrogenated (e.g., 6-chloropurine nucleoside, nebularin, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.2. Compounds wherein the fused five-membered N-hetero ring is 1,3-diazole, which may be hydrogenated.

(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are (nebularin = top structure):

27.22 Carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, or nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, bonded directly to the sugar ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.21. Compounds wherein the sugar ring of the nucleoside is bonded directly to carbonyl, thio-carbonyl, or nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso.


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27.3

27.23 Carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, additional hetero ring or nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso attached indirectly to the sugar ring by acyclic nonionic bonding: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.21. Compounds wherein thiocarbonyl, carbonyl, nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, or an additional hetero ring is attached indirectly to the sugar ring of the nucleoside by acyclic non-ionic bonding.


Adenosyl: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.23. Compounds wherein the bicyclic ring system is adenine (6-aminopurine).


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p-Toluene sulfonate of s-adenosyl-L-methion-ine

27.4 Arabinose is sugar moiety: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.21. Compounds wherein the sugar ring is arabi-nose.

(1) Note. Arabinose is a pentose sugar. Arabinose and ribose are epimers (iso-mers) which differ in the configuration around carbon number 2.


27.31 S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, salts, or esters thereof: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.3. A compound which is S-Adenosyl-L-methion-ine, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, a salt thereof or an ester thereof.


27.5 Ketose is sugar moiety (e.g., decoyinine, psi-cofuranosyl purines, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.21. Compounds wherein the sugar moiety is a ketose.

(1) Note. A ketose is a sugar containing a ketone group when represented in straight chain form, and which forms a hemiketal in furanoside form.


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decoyinine

27.61 Additional nitrogen bonded directly to the 2-position of the purine ring system: This subclass is indented under subclass 27.6. Compounds wherein the 2-position of the purine ring system has an additional nitrogen substituent bonded directly thereto.


6-amino-9-psicofuranosylpurine

27.6 Nitrogen, other than nitro or nitroso, bonded directly to the 6-position of a purine ring system (e.g., adenosine, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.21. Compounds wherein a nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, is bonded directly to the 6-position of a purine ring system.


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27.62 Nitrogen, chalcogen, or additional carbon (1) Note. An example of a compound pro-bonded directly to the 6-position nitrogen vided for herein is: (e.g., 6-position nitrogen is substituted, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.6. Compounds wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium), nitrogen, or additional carbon is bonded directly to the 6-position nitrogen.


27.63 Halogen, chalcogen, or cyano bondeddirectly to the 2-position of the purine ringsystem:This subclass is indented under subclass 27.62.Compounds wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen,sulfur, selenium, or tellurium), cyano, or halo-gen is bonded directly to the 2-position of thepurine ring system.

27.7 Chalcogen, halogen, or benzene bonded directly to carbon of the purine ring system (e.g., isoguanosine, 2-fluoroadenosine, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.6. Compounds wherein benzene, chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium), or halogen is bonded to a carbon of the purine ring system.


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27.8 Chalcogen bonded directly to the 6- or 2-position of a purine ring system (e.g., inosine, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.21. Compounds wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) is bonded directly to the 2-position or the 6-position of the purine ring system.


28.1

27.81 Nitrogen, other than nitro or nitroso, bonded directly to the 2-position of the purine ring system (e.g., guanosine, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 27.8. Compounds wherein nitrogen, other than nitro or nitroso, is bonded directly to the 2-position carbon of the diazine ring in the purine ring system.

N-glycosides wherein the N is part of a six-membered hetero ring (e.g., diazines, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which are N-glycosides wherein the N of the N-glycoside moiety is part of a six-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring.


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28.2 Multideoxy or didehydro: This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Compounds wherein two or more -OH groups which would normally be attached to the sugar ring have been replaced by hydrogen or by another chemical group.


28.3 The N-hetero ring is a triazine ring, includ-ing hydrogenated (e.g., 6-azauridine, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring has exactly three nitrogens and three carbons.


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28.4 The N-hetero ring is a 1,3-diazine ring, including hydrogenated (e.g., pyrimidines, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring is a 1,3-diazine ring which may be hydrogenated.


28.5 Nitrogen, other than nitro or nitroso, bonded directly to the 4-position, and chal-cogen bonded directly to the 2-position of the diazine ring (e.g., cytidines, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 28.4. Compounds wherein nitrogen, other than nitro or nitroso, is bonded directly to the 4-position and chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium) is bonded directly to the 2-position of the diazine ring.


28.51 Having chalcogen, carbonyl, or thiocarbonyl bonded directly to the 4-position substituent nitrogen: This subclass is indented under subclass 28.5. Compounds wherein carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, or chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) is bonded directly to the 4-position substituent nitrogen.


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28.52 Halogen or alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms bonded directly to the 5-position of the diaz-ine ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 28.5. Compounds wherein an alkyl group of 1-5 car-bon atoms or halogen is bonded directly to the 5-position carbon of the diazine ring.


28.53 Chalcogen bonded directly to the 2- and 4-positions of the diazine ring (e.g., uridine, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 28.4. Compounds wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) is bonded directly to the 2- and 4-positions of the diazine ring.


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28.55 Halogen bonded directly to the 5-position of the diazine ring (e.g., 5-fluorouridine, etc.):

28.54 Alkyl, or substituted alkyl, bonded directly This subclass is indented under subclass 28.53. to the 5-position of the diazine ring (e.g., Compounds wherein halogen is bonded thymidine, 5-methyl uridine, etc.): directly to the 5-position of the diazine ring. This subclass is indented under subclass 28.53.Compounds wherein an alkyl group, or a sub- (1) Note. Examples of compounds providedstituted alkyl group, is bonded directly to the 5- for herein are:position of the diazine ring.


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28.6 N-glycosides wherein the N is part of a five-membered hetero ring (e.g., selenazole nucleosides, pyrrole nucleosides, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds which are N-glycosides wherein 28.7 the N of the N-glycoside moiety is part of a five-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring.


Plural nitrogens in the N-hetero ring (e.g., triazoles, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 28.6. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring contains plural nitrogens.


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28.9 Benzimidazoles: This subclass is indented under subclass 28.8. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring is part of a benzimidazole ring system.


28.8 The N-hetero ring is a 1,3-diazole ring, including hydrogenated (e.g., imidazoles, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 28.7. Compounds wherein the N-hetero ring is a 1,3-diazole ring which may be hydrogenated.


29.1 Nitrogen of N-glycoside is acyclic nitrogen: This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1. Compounds wherein the nitrogen of the N-gly-coside is acyclic nitrogen (is not part of cyclic structure).

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29.11 N-hetero ring bonded directly or indirectly to the acyclic nitrogen: This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Compounds wherein a nitrogen containing het-ero ring is bonded directly or indirectly to the acyclic nitrogen of the N-glycoside.


29.12 The acyclic nitrogen is part of a urea or thio-urea group: This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Compounds wherein the acyclic nitrogen of the N-glycoside is part of a urea or a thiourea group.


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29.13 Sulfur containing (e.g., sulfides, sulfones, sulfates, sulfonamides, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Compounds which contain sulfur.


29.2 C-glycosides wherein the sugar ring is bonded directly to carbon of an N-hetero ring (e.g., 9-deazaadenosines, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which are glycosidic derivatives of the cyclic forms of sugars in which the agly-cone portion includes an N-hetero ring, which hetero ring is attached through ring carbon to

the sugar moiety by substituting it for the hemiacetal hydroxyl of the sugar.


30 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which are nitrogen containing derivatives of repeating glucose units, which units have the following structure:

31 This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds which include a heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as a ring member.

32 This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds which result from the reaction of a hydroxyl group of cellulose with an acid.

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(1) Note. The esterifying acid may include nitrogen and may be organic or inor-ganic.

(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for compounds formed when the sole acid entering into the formation is a halogen.

33 This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Compounds in which the acid moiety contains sulfur.

34 This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Compounds in which the acid moiety contains phosphorus.

35 This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Compounds in which the acid is nitric acid, and the resulting compound contains the -NO3 rad-ical.

36 This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Compounds which contain, in addition to the -NO3 radical, adiverse esterifying acid radical.

37 This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Processes in which cellulose undergoes a phys-ical or chemical treatment prior to the nitration step.

38 This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Processes in which cellulose nitrate is purified, recovered, separated, altered physically; or treated chemically wherein the primary intent is merely to modify a property of cellulose nitrate.

(1) Note. The processes herein may com-bine producing the nitrated cellulose with a subsequent treatment or may merely treat already formed cellulose nitrate.

39 This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes which include physically subdivid-ing units of cellulose nitrate to form smaller particles.

(1) Note. The processes of this subclass include formation or treatment in addi-tion to the comminuting.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 241, Solid Material Comminution or Disin-

tegration, for comminuting, per se.

40 This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes in which nitrated cellulose is recov-ered from photos:graphic film.

41 This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes wherein the flow resistance or amount of polymerization of nitrated cellulose is altered.

42 This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes for increasing the physical or chemi-cal stability of cellulose nitrate.

43 This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds which have the general formula ROR', wherein RO is the cellulose residue moi-ety and R' is an organic radical.

(1) Note. Nitrogen containing cellulose ethers are made by substituting and organic radical for the hydrogen atom of a portion of the hydroxyl groups of cel-lulose.

(2) Note. The attached organic radical R' is referred to as the etherifying radical.

44 This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Compounds which contain at least two diverse organic radicals attached via ether linkages to the cellulose residue moiety.

45 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which have amylose and amy-lopectin as their two main components.

(1) Note. Starches are heterogeneous in that the amylose and amylopectin occur in different rations to each other.

(2) Note. Starches yield dextrins upon extensive thermal or acid degradation and yield glucose upon complete hydrol-ysis.

46 This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds which are any nitrogen containing derivatives of various gummy polysaccharides

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produced by thermal or acid degradation of starch.

(1) Note. Dextrins are carbohydrates, inter-mediate between starch and sugars. Deg-radation of dextrins yields maltose and glucose.

50 (2) Note. For classification here the nitro-

gen containing derivatives of dextrin have to be gummy polysaccharides; sug-ars are not provided for herein.

47 This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds which result from reacting starch with a reagent having at least two functional groups which link together starch molecules, usually via ether or ester linkages between hydroxyls of said molecule.

SEE OR SEARCH THISCLASS:

CLASS, SUB-

48+, for nitrogen containing starch esters that are not cross-linked.

50, for nitrogen containing starch ethers that are not cross-linked. 51

48 This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds which result from the reaction of a hydroxyl group of a nitrogen containing starch derivative with an acid.

(1) Note. The esterifying acid may be organic or inorganic.

(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for compounds formed when the sole acid moiety entering into the formation is a halogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THISCLASS:

CLASS, SUB-

49

47, for nitrogen containing starch esters that are cross-linked.

This subclass is indented under subclass 48. 52

Compounds which (1) additionally contain an ether moiety or (2) contain a plurality of diverse ester radicals.

(1) Note. The ether moiety may exist (1) independently of the ester moiety, as in nitrogen containing ethyl starch acetate, (2) by connection to the starch via an

intervening ester linkage as in a nitrogen containing starch ethoxyacetate, or (3) by direct connection to the starch with the ester moiety connected to the ether moiety as in a a nitrogen containing ace-toxyethyl starch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds which have the general formula ROR', wherein RO is the starch residue moiety and R' is an organic radical.

(1) Note. Nitrogen containing starch ethers can be made by substituting an organic radical for the hydrogen atom of a por-tion of the hydroxyl groups of a starch.


SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 47, for nitrogen containing starch ethers

that are cross-linked.

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which are high molecular weight polysaccharides containing D-glucose units linked predominately -D (16).

(1) Note. Dextrans yield only glucose on hydrolysis but differ otherwise from starch and glycogen as in molecular structure, etc.

(2) Note. Dextrans are usually a group of compounds differing according to the bacteria used to ferment the sugar.

(3) Note. Controlled hydrolysis of native dextran yields clinical dextran of lower molecular weight which is useful as a blood plasma substitute.

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which are exudations of plants produced to cover wounds and prevent attack by micro-organisms and are highly branched polysaccharides composed of two or more monosaccharides.

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53


This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which contain a carbon atom to which nitrogen is directly bonded and to which oxygen is directly attached by a double bond.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for com- 57 pounds having, for example, the group:

54 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which contain sulfur in addition to nitrogen.

58

55 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which contain two or more atoms of nitrogen.

55.1 Polysaccharides: This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Products wherein the nitrogen containing car-bohydrate consists of two or more sugar moi-eties.

55.2 Glucosamine containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Compounds which include an amine of glucose of the formula (below) and derivatives thereof.

59

60 55.3 Processes:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.7. Processes which are directed to the prepara-tion, purification, recovery, stabilization or treatment in any way of nitrogen containing derivatives of carbohydrates.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds which consist of repeating glucose units having the following structure:

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 30, for nitrogen containing cellulose

derivatives.

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compounds which are formed by changing a cellulose derivative back to cellulose.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 60+, for cellulose xanthate or viscose

which is utilized to make regenerated cellulose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compounds which result from the reaction of a hydroxyl group of cellulose with an acid.


(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for compounds formed when the sole acid function entering into the formation is a halogen.


esters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds in which the acid moiety contains sulfur.


esters in which the acid moiety con-tains sulfur.

This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Compounds which are cellulose derivatives that include the group:

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1


(1) Note. The viscose process is based on 64 the reaction of carbon disulfide with the sodium salt of cellulose to yield a xan-thate, which forms a viscous colloidal solution in dilute aqueous alkali. This subclass provides for the colloidal solu-tion as well as the cellulose xanthate.

65

66

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS,CLASS: 57, for regenerated cellulose.

SUB-

61 This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Compounds in which cellulose xanthate or vis-cose is purified, recovered, separated, altered physically; or treated chemically wherein the primary intent is merely to modify a property of the product.

67

(1) Note. Merely forming viscose from the xanthate is not considered a subsequent treatment.

68

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS,CLASS: 57, for regenerated cellulose.

SUB-69

62 This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds in which the acid moiety contains phosphorus.

70


esters in which the acid moiety con-tains a phosphorus.

71

63 This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds in which the acid moiety is a car-boxylic acid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Compounds which contain at least two diverse carboxylic acid moieties.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for stearyl cellulose acetate, for example.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Compounds in which at least one of the car-boxylic acid moieties is a propionate, butyrate or isobutyrate radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Compounds which additionally contain an ether moiety.

(1) Note. The ether moiety may exist (1) independently of the ester moiety as in ethyl cellulose acetate, (2) by connection to the cellulose via an intervening ester linkage, as in cellulose ethoxy acetate, or (3) by direct connection to the cellulose with the ester radical connected to the ether radical as in acetoxyethyl cellulose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Compounds in which the carboxylic acid moi-ety is the formate radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Compounds in which the carboxylic acid moi-ety is either the propionate, butyrate or isobu-tyrate radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Compounds in which the carboxylic acid moi-ety is the acetate radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes in which cellulose undergoes a phys-ical or chemical treatment prior to the forma-tion of the acetate ester.

This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in which acetic acid is used in the pretreatment.

(1) Note. In these processes acetic acid is employed in the pretreatment in addition to the acetic acid or acetic anhydride used to form the acetate.

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72 This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes in which a halogen containing com-pound is employed in the pretreatment of the cellulose or in the formation of the cellulose

82

73

acetate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes wherein a sulfur containing com-pound is also used in the pretreatment.

83

74 This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in which a sulfur containing com-pound is used in the pretreatment.

75 This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in which a compound containing a halogen is employed in the pretreatment of the cellulose or in the formation of the cellulose acetate.

76 This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes in which cellulose acetates are puri-fied, recovered, separated, altered physically; or treated chemically wherein the primary intent is merely to modify a property of the cel-lulose acetate. 84

77 This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Processes which include physically subdivid-ing units of the compound to form smaller par-ticles or subjecting the compound to centrifugal force.


tegration, for comminuting, per se.

78 This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Processes in which cellulose acetate is recov-ered from photos:graphic film.

79 This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Processes which result in the inhibition or reduction of the corrosive properties of cellu-lose acetates.

85

80 This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Processes wherein the flow resistance or amount of polymerization is altered.

81 This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Processes whereby the physical or chemical stability of cellulose acetate is increased.

This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Processes in which a halogen containing com-pound is utilized in the subsequent treatment or in the formation of cellulose acetate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes in which a halogen containing com-pound is utilized in the formation of cellulose acetate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 72, and 75, for a process of making cellu-

lose acetate which includes a pretreat-ment wherein a halogen containing compound is utilized in pretreating the cellulose or in forming the cellu-lose acetate.

82, for a process which includes subse-quent treatment of cellulose acetate and the use of a halogen containing compound in the subsequent treat-ment or in the formation of the cellu-lose acetate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compounds having the general formula ROR', wherein RO- is the cellulose residue moiety and R' is an organic radical.

(1) Note. Cellulose ethers are made by sub-stituting an organic radical for the hydro-gen atom of a portion of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose.



ethers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Processes in which a cellulose ether is purified, recovered, separated, altered physically; or treated chemically wherein the primary intent is merely to modify a property of the cellulose ether.

(1) Note. The processes herein may com-bine producing the cellulose ether with a

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subsequent treatment or may merely treat an already formed cellulose ether.

(2) Note. This subclass does not generally provide for processes wherein the intent is to make a derivative of the cellulose ether. However, cross-linking processes are included here as well as processes wherein the purpose is merely to modify a property of the cellulose ether, even when some derivatizing occurs.

91

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 43, for subsequent treatment of nitrogen

containing cellulose ether derivatives. 92

86 This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes which include physically subdivid-ing units of the compound to form smaller par-ticles.

93

(1) Note. This subclass provides for grind-ing, pulverizing, shearing, etc.

94

(2) Note. The processes of this subclass include formation or treatment in addi-tion to the comminuting.

95


tegration, for comminuting, per se. 96

87 This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes which include altering the interwork-ing characteristics of the compound with liq-uids.

97

88

89

This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the flow resistance, amount of polymerization, or high temperature stability is altered.

This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein an organic acid or an inor-ganic acid is employed in the subsequent treat-ment.

98

99

100

90 This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds which contain at least two diverse organic radicals attached via ether linkages to the cellulose residue moiety.

101

(1) Note. This subclass provides for methyl benzyl cellulose, for example.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 44, for nitrogen containing mixed ethers

of cellulose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Compounds wherein at least one of the radicals attached via the ether linkage is a hydroxyalkyl radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds wherein the etherifying radical contains sulfur.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds wherein the etherifying radical contains a double or triple bond.

This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Compounds wherein an etherifying radical contains a benzene ring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds wherein the etherifying radical is a hydoxyalkyl radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Compounds wherein the hydroxyalkyl is hydroxyethyl.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds wherein the etherifying radical is the carboxyalkyl radical or a salt thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Compounds wherein the etherifying radical is the carboxymethyl radical or a salt thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds wherein the etherifying radical is an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Compounds wherein the ehterifying radical is the ethyl radical.

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compounds which include metal.

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102 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds which have amylose and amy-lopectin as their two main components, and derivatives of such compounds.

105

(1) Note. Starches are heterogeneous in that the amylose and amylopectin occur in different ratios to each other.

106

(2) Note. Starches yield dextrins upon extensive degradation and yield glucose upon complete hydrolysis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 45, for nitrogen containing derivatives of

starch.

103 This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Compounds which are any of various gummy polysaccharides produced by thermal or acid degradation of starch, and derivatives of such compounds.

107

(1) Note. Dextrins are carbohydrates, inter-mediate between starch and sugars. Deg-radation of dextrins yields maltose and glucose.

(2) Note. Derivatives of dextrins which remain gummy polysaccharides are clas-sified herein; however, sugars are not provided for here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 46, for nitrogen containing dextrin deriva-

tives.

104 This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Compounds which result from a chemical reac-tion between starch, or a derivative thereof, and a reactant containing the functional group and derivatives of such compounds.

108

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Compounds which result from reacting starch or a derivative thereof, with an oxidizing reagent, and derivatives of such compounds.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Compounds which result from reacting starch with a reagent having at least two functional groups which link together starch molecules, usually via ether or ester linkage between hydroxyls of said molecules.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 47, for nitrogen containing cross-linked

starch derivativess. 107, for starch esters that are not cross-

linked. 111, forstarch ethers that are not cross-

linked.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Compounds which result from the reaction of a hydroxyl group of a starch with an acid.



SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 47, for nitrogen containing starch mole-

cules connected via ester linkage. 48, for nitrogen containing starch esters. 106, for starch esters that are cross-linked.

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Compounds which (1) additionally contain an ether moiety, or (2) contain at least two diverse ester moieties.

(1) Note. The ether moiety may exist (1) independently of the ester moiety as in ehtyl starch acetate, (2) connection to the starch via an intervening ester linkage as in starch ethoxyacetate, or (3) by direct connection to the starch with the ester moiety connected to the ether moiety as in acetoxyethyl starch.

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109 This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Compounds which include phosphorus or sulfer.

110 This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Compounds wherein the acid reactant contains 113 a carboxylic acid group

114

111 This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Compounds having the general formula ROR', wherein RO- is the starch residue moiety and R' is an organic radical.

(1) Note. Starch ethers are made by substi- 115 tuting an organic radical for the hydro-gen atom of a portion of the hydroxyl groups of starch.


SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 47, for nitrogen containing starch mole-

cules connected via ether linkage. 50, for nitrogen containing starch ethers. 116 106, for starch ethers that are cross-linked.

112 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds which are high molecular weight polysaccharides containingD-glucose units linked predominately -D (16).

(1) Note. Dextrans yield only glucose on hydrolysis but differ otherwise from starch and glycogen as in molecular structure, etc.

(2) Note. Dextrans are actually a group of compounds differing according to the bacteria used to ferment the sugar.

(3) Note. Controlled hydrolysis of native detran yields clinical dextran of lower 117 molecular weight which is useful as a blood plasma substitute.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 51, for nitrogen containing dextran deriv-

atives.

This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Compounds which include iron.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds which are exudations of plants produced to cover wounds and prevent attack by micro-organisms and are highly branched polysaccharides composed of two or more monosaccharides.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:52, for nitrogen containing gums.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds which result from the reaction of a hydroxyl group of a carbohydrate with an acid.

(1) Note. The esterifying acid may be organic or inoraganic.


This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Compounds which additionally contain an ether moiety.

(1) Note. Carbohydrate ethers are explained in the definition and notes for subclass 120.

(2) Note. The ether moiety may exist (1) independently of the ester moiety as in ethyl sucrose acetate, (2) by connection to the carbohydrate via an intervening ester linkage as in sucrose ethoxyacetate, or (3) by direct connection to the carbo-hydrate with the ester moiety connected to the ether moiety as in acetoxyethyl sucrose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Compounds which include phosphorus.

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118 This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Compounds which include sulfur.

119 This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Compounds wherein the esterifying acid is car-boxylic acid.

120 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds having the general formula ROR', wherein RO- is the carbohydrate residue moi-ety and R' is an organic radical.

(1) Note. Carbohydrate ethers can be made by subsituting an organic radical for the hydrogen atom of a portion of the hydroxyl groups of a carbohydrate.

(2) Note. The organic radical R' may also be a carbohydrate moiety.

121 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds which include metal.

(1) Note. For the purpose of this subclass arsenic is considered to be a metal while silicon, selenium, and tellurium are not metals.

122 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Compounds which include sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine.

123 Plural diverse saccharides containing (e.g., heteropolysaccarides, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Products which contain three or more sugar moieties, at least two of which are different.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are prod-ucts referred to as conplex polysaccha-rides.

123.1 Polysaccharides: This subclass is indented under subclass 1.11. Compounds which are polymers containing a sugar ring as the monomeric unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS: 114, for polysaccharides that are gums

(e.g., plant exudates, etc.). 123, for heteropolysaccharides and com-

plex saccharides.

123.12 Glucans (e.g., pullulan, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Compounds which are polymers of D-glucopy-ranose.

123.13 Disaccharides (e.g., maltose, sucrose, lac-tose, formaldehyde lactose, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Compounds which contain exactly two monosaccharides units covalently bonded to each other.

(1) Note. An example of a compound pro-vided for herein is sucrose:

124 Processes: This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes which are directed to the prepara-tion, purification, recovery, stabilization, or treatment in any way of carbohydrates or deriv-atives of carbohydrates.

125 Isomerization: This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Processes wherein a carbohydrate is prepared by transformation or rearrangement of the ele-ments of a starting compound without adding or taking away any element.

126 Polymerization: This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Processes wherein a carbohydrate is prepared by a reaction wherein two or more molecules of the same sugar combine.

127 Purification or recovery: This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Process which include separating a carbohy-drate from impurities or from the reaction mix-ture.

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128 From plant material: This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Processes wherein a carbohydrate is separated or recovered from plant material.

END

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Documents

July 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 536 - 1€¦ · July 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 536 - 7 4.4 Aescin or derivative: 6.3 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Products