Jaringan Komputer

Intoduction

By : Eko Prasetyo

Teknik Informatika

Univ. Muhammadiyah Gresik

2011

KONSEP DASAR

• Stand alone

• Network

2

Kendala Standalone?

• Upgrade peralatan berlebihan.

• Tidak bisa berbagi data karena peralatan tidak Kompatibel?

• Biaya dukungan dan pelatihan membengkak ?

• Hilangnya data karena sebagian individu tidak

3

• Hilangnya data karena sebagian individu tidak membuat backup di samping sebab –sebab lainnya.

• Komunikasi bisnis dilakukan serampangan.

• Pesan penting hilang.

JARINGAN KOMPUTER

• Sekelompok komputer otonom yang saling

berhubungan satu dengan yang lain

menggunakan protokol komunikasi tertentu

melalui media komunikasi sehingga dapat melalui media komunikasi sehingga dapat

berbagi informasi, program penggunaan

bersama perangkat keras seperti printer,

hardisk, dll.

4

TUJUAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER

• Membawa informasi secara tepat dan

tanpa adanya kesalahan dari sisi pengirim

(transmitter) menuju ke sisi penerima

(receiver) melalui media komunikasi(receiver) melalui media komunikasi

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�� SumberSumber dayadaya lebihlebih efisienefisien

�� MempertahankanMempertahankan informasiinformasi tetaptetaphandalhandal dandan terbaruterbaru

�� MempercepatMempercepat Sharing dataSharing data

Kelebihan Jaringan?

�� MempercepatMempercepat Sharing dataSharing data

�� MemungkinkanMemungkinkan KelompokKelompok kerjakerjaberkomunikasiberkomunikasi efisienefisien

�� MembantuMembantu melayanimelayani klienklien lebihlebihefektifefektif

�� LebihLebih hemathemat

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Kerugian Jaringan

• Keamanan Data

• Virus

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Kebutuhan Jaringan Komputer

• Apa yang diperlukan dalam Komunikasi?

– Setidaknya satu device jaringan (biasanya)

• contoh switch, hub, router, dll

– Medium yang digunakan

• contoh. Udara- wireless, Tembaga – Kabel, Fiber optics

– Protokol umum yang biasanya dipakai

• Contoh. TCP, IP, IPX, NetBEUI, AppleTalk

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Contoh skema desain jaringan

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Network Device pendukung

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TOPOLOGI

Cara menghubungkan komputer yang satu dengan komputer lainnya sehingga membentuk jaringan

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Topologi bus

� Keuntungan :� Hemat kabel

� Lay out sederhana

Mudah dikembangkan

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� Mudah dikembangkan

� Kerugian :� Deteksi dan isolasi kesalahan sangat

kecil

� Kepadatan lalu lintas pada jalur utama

� Bila salah satu klien rusak, maka

jarigan tidak berfungsi

� Diperlukan repeater untuk jarak jauh

Topologi ring

� Keuntungan :

� Hemat kabel

� Kerugian :

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� Kerugian :

� Peka terhadap kesalahan

� Pengembangan jaringan lebih

kaku/sulit

Topologi star

� Keuntungan :� Paling fleksibel

� Penambahan/pemutusan stasiun dapat

dilakukan dengan mudah, tanpa mengganggu

bagian jaringan yang lain

� Kontrol terpusat

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� Kemudahan deteksi dan isolasi

kesalahan/kerusakan

� Kerugian :� Boros kabel

� Perlu penanganan khusus pada kabel

� Kontrol pusat (hub) menjadi titik kritis

MEMILIH TOPOLOGI JARINGAN

• Biaya

• Kecepatan

• Lingkungan

• Ukuran• Ukuran

• Konektivitas

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Jenis Jaringan

Peer to peer

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Client server

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UNTUK APA JARINGAN KOMPUTER?

� Business Applications

� Home Applications

� Etc.� Etc.

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Business Applications

� Resource sharing

� Communication medium among employees

� Doing business electronically with other companies, especially suppliers and customers

� e-commerce (electronic commerce)

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Jaringan dengan dua client dan satu server

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Model client-server

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Home Network Applications

� Access to remote information.

� Person-to-person communication.

� Interactive entertainment.� Interactive entertainment.

� Electronic commerce.

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Peer-to-peer (client dan server tidak ada yang tetap)

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Beberapa bentuk e-commerce

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Macam Jaringan

• Local Area Networks

• Metropolitan Area Networks

• Wide Area Networks

• Wireless Networks• Wireless Networks

• Home Networks

• Internetworks

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Transmission Technology

Types of transmission technology

• Broadcast links

• Point-to-point links• Point-to-point links

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Broadcast Networks

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Local Area Networks

Two broadcast networks(a) Bus(b) Ring

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Metropolitan Area Networks

A metropolitan area network based on

cable TV.

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Wide Area Networks

Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.

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Wide Area Networks (2)

A stream of packets from sender to receiver.

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KECEPATAN DAN JARAK JARINGAN KOMUNIKASI

Perbandingan Sistem Multiprosesor, LAN, MAN dan WAN 32

Wireless Networks

Categories of wireless networks:

• System interconnection

• Wireless LANs

• Wireless WANs

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Wireless Networks (2)

(a) Bluetooth configuration

(b) Wireless LAN

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Home Network Categories

• Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals

• Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3)

• Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax)

• Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, airco)

• Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam).

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Network Software

• Protocol Hierarchies

• Design Issues for the Layers

• Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services• Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services

• Service Primitives

• The Relationship of Services to Protocols

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What is a protocol?

• Communications between computers requires very specific unambiguous rules

• A protocol is a set of rules that governs how two or more communicating parties are to interactinteract

– Internet Protocol (IP)

– Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

– HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

• The purpose of a protocol is to provide a service to the layer above

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Network SoftwareProtocol Hierarchies

Layers, protocols, and interfaces.

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Protocol Hierarchies (2)I like

rabbits

Location A

3

2

3

2

Location B

Message Philosopher

TranslatorInformation for the remote translator

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

J'aime bien les

lapins

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

• The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.

1 1

Secretary

Information for the remote secretary

Fax #---

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

Fax #---

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

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Protocol Hierarchies

Example information flow supporting virtual communication in layer 5.

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Mengapa perlu Layering?

Telnet FTP NFS

Packetradio

Coaxial cable

Fiberoptic

Aplikasi

Media Transmisi

HTTP

• Tanpa layering: setiap aplikasi baru harus di-implementasi kembali untuk setiap teknologi jaringan

radiocable opticMedia Transmisi

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Mengapa perlu Layering?

• Solusi: diberi layer antara yang menyediakan abstraksi unik untuk bermacam-macam teknologi jaringan

Telnet FTP NFSAplikasi HTTPTelnet FTP NFS

Packetradio

Coaxial cable

Fiberoptic

Aplikasi

Media Transmisi

HTTP

Layer antara

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Design Issues for the Layers

• Addressing

• Error Control

• Flow Control

• Multiplexing• Multiplexing

• Routing

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Connection-Oriented and Connectionless

Services

• Six different types of service.

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Service Primitives

• Five service primitives for implementing a simple connection-oriented service.

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Service Primitives (2)

• Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network.

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OSI Reference Model

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TCP/IP Reference Model

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TCP/IP Reference Model (2)

Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.

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Hybrid Model

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Example Networks

• The Internet

• Ethernet

• Wireless LANs: 802:11

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Growth of the Internet

• Number of Hosts on the Internet:

Aug. 1981 213

Oct. 1984 1,024

Dec. 1987 28,174

Oct. 1990 313,000 1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

Oct. 1990 313,000

Oct. 1993 2,056,000

Apr. 1995 5,706,000

Jul. 1997 19,540,000

Jul. 1999 56,218,000

Jul. 2001 125,888,197

Jul. 2002 162,128,493 1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002

Growth of the Internet

54

55

Growth of the Internet

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The Internet

• Different network types emerged for data transfer between computers

• ARPA also explored packet switching using satellite and packet radio networks

• Each network has its protocols and is possibly • Each network has its protocols and is possibly built on different technologies

• Internetworking protocols required to enable communications between computers attached to different networks

• Internet: a network of networks

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Architecture of the Internet

Overview of the Internet.Overview of the Internet.

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Internet Protocol (IP)

• Routers (gateways) interconnect different networks

• Host computers prepare IP packets and transmit them over their

attached network

• Routers forward IP packets across networks

• Best-effort IP transfer service, no retransmission

Net 1 Net 2

Router

Addressing & Routing

• Hierarchical address: Net ID + Host ID

• IP packets routed according to Net ID

• Routers compute routing tables using distributed

algorithm

H

G

G

G

G

G

G

Net 1

Net 5

Net 3

Net 4Net 2

H

HH

Transport Protocols

• Host computers run two transport protocols on top of IP to enable

process-to-process communications

• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) enables best-effort transfer of individual

block of information

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) enables reliable transfer of a stream

of bytes of bytes

Internet

Transport

Protocol

Internet Usage

Traditional applications (1970 – 1990)

• E-mail

• News• News

• Remote login

• File transfer

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Ethernet Local Area Network

• In 1980s, affordable workstations available

• Need for low-cost, high-speed networks

– To interconnect local workstations

– To access local shared resources (printers, storage, – To access local shared resources (printers, storage, servers)

• Low cost, high-speed communications with low error rate possible using coaxial cable

• Ethernet is the standard for high-speed wired access to computer networks

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Ethernet Medium Access Control

• Network interface card (NIC) connects workstation to LAN

• Each NIC has globally unique address

• Frames are broadcast into coaxial cable

• NICs listen to medium for frames with their address

• Transmitting NICs listen for collisions with other stations, and abort and

reschedule retransmissionsreschedule retransmissions

Transceivers

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Wireless LANs

(a) Wireless networking with a base station.

(b) Ad hoc networking.

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Wireless LANs (2)

The range of a single radio may not cover the entire system.

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Wireless LANs (3)

A multicell 802.11 network.

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IEEE 802 Standards

The 802 working groups. The important ones are marked with *. The

ones marked with � are hibernating. The one marked with † gave up.68

Pekerjaan Rumah

• Baca Tanenbaum Chapter 1 & 2

• Kerjakan soal Chapter 1 Nomor: 3,4,9, dan 11

• Tugas di kirim ke eko1979@yahoo.com paling lambat 29 Maret 2011 pukul 24:00

• Format nama file : tugas-intro-noreg-nama.doc• Format nama file : tugas-intro-noreg-nama.doc

• Format subject email : tugas-intro-noreg-nama

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