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2
Japan’s Energy Situation
The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan
Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Japan
Promotion of New and Renewable Energy
in Japan
Innovative Energy Technology Development
- Contents -
Japan’s Energy Situation (1)
4
- Total Primary Energy Supply in Japan -
Japan USA UK France Germany Italy EU
Dependence on Oil 49% 39% 35% 34% 37% 51% 40%
Dependence on Oil Imports 99.7% 60% ▲54% 98% 97% 94% 74%
Dependence on Middle East 87% 23% 5% 24% 10% 30% 22%
Comparison of structure of energy demand and supply with other industrialised countries (Year 2002) (%)
Source :IEA
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Other
Hydro
Nuclear power
Natural gas
Coal
Oil
Gulf Warin 1991
2nd Oil Crisisin 1979
1st Oil Crisisin 1973
77% 48%
Source: METI
10
0m
illio
nK
L<O
il Eq
uiv
alen
t>
Japan’s Energy Situation (2)
5
- Primary Energy Supply MIX in Japan -
16%
10%
0 1973 1979 1990 1995 2000 2007
Fossil fuel dependence
REN
NUC
GAS
Coal
LPG
OIL
Japan’s Energy Situation (3)
6
- POWER Generation MIX in Japan -
NUCGAS COAL OIL
P.Hydro Hydro, Geo, Renewable
Japan’s Energy Policy
Energy-based economic growth
Environmental protection
Efficient supply
Energy policy
Energy security
Reform of energy industry and social system
Safety and public understanding
- Formulating the “Strategic Energy Plan of Japan” (revised in June 2010) in line with the “New Growth Strategy in Japan”
- Directing bold, concrete policy targets and specific policy measures
The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan (1)- Ambitious Targets Toward 2030 -
9
Doubling Japan’s energy self-sufficiency ratio and its self-developed fossil fuel supply ratio its “energy independence ratio”to about 70%.Raising the zero-emissions power source ratio to about 70% .Halving CO2 emissions from the residential sector.Maintaining and enhancing energy efficiency in the industrialsector at the highest levels in the world.Maintaining or obtaining major shares of global markets forenergy-related products and systems.
Domestic energy-related CO2 emissions will decline by 30% ormore in 2030.
10
Securing resources and enhancing supply stability– Deepening strategic relationship with resource rich countries under the
cooperation between the public and private sectors
– Support for upstream concessions with the risk money
– Enhancing development of domestic and overseas energy resources
An independent and environment-friendly energy supply structure– Expanding a feed-in tariff system
– Building 9 new or additional nuclear plants by 2020 and more than 14 by 2030
– New coal thermal plants planned for the future to be CCS-ready
– The world’s most advanced next-generation interactive grid network as soon as possible in the 2020s.
The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan (2) - Specific Measures to Achieve Targets (Supply side) -
11
The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan (3) - Specific Measures to Achieve Targets (Demand side) -
Realizing a low carbon energy demand structure(Industrial sector)
– World’s most advanced energy efficiency through introducing the most advanced technologies
– Enhancing energy conservation law implementation
(Households)
– Net-zero-energy houses available by 2020
– Replacing 100% of lights with high-efficiency lights (including LED and organic EL lighting)
(Offices)
– Net-zero-energy building in new public buildings by 2020
– Enhancing support and regulatory measures (including “top runner” standards) to promote use of highly efficient equipment
(Transportation sector)
– Next generation vehicles share of new vehicle sales to 50% by2020, and up to 70% by 2030
12
The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan (4) - Specific Measures to Achieve Targets (Demand side) cntd.-
Building next-generation energy and social systems– Demonstration projects for smart grid and smart communities both
domestically and abroad, and strategic international standardization
– Introducing smart meters for all users as early as possible in the 2020s
– Disseminating fixed fuel cells and developing a hydrogen supply infrastructure
Developing and disseminating innovative energy technologies– Drafting a new energy innovation technology road map
– Developing public-private cooperation on highly efficient and low carbon technologies
– Building a new mechanism to appropriately evaluate how international dissemination of Japan’s technologies, products and infrastructure contributes to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions
Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Japan
13
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
(石油換算キロトン/10億円)
(年度)
約37%改善
Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Japan
(Source) “Total Energy Statistics” by ANRE
我が国の実質GDP当たりエ
* Calculated according to IEA Energy Balances of OECD/Non-OECD Countries(2008edition) Index of each country making Japan 1, based on the value dividing primary energy supply by GDP.
Energy use per real GDP of Japan
(Oil converted kilo ton/1 billion yen)
Approx. 37% improvement
Fiscal Year
Primary energy supply per GDP unit of each country (2007)
1.02.0 1.8
2.53.1 3.1
6.0 6.0
7.9 7.9 7.8
17.5
3.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
(Index Japan=1.0)
5
○ Japan improved the energy efficiency by 37% after the oil crises in the 1970s as a result of active activities made by both public and private sectors.
○ Japanese primary energy supply per GDP is the lowest in the world owing to various energy conservation measures taken for the respective sectors.
Approx. 37% improvement
Industrial
Promotion of introduction of energy-efficient equipment, etc. and development
of energy conservation technology (budget, taxation, policy-based financing)・Supporting private business operators that invest in improving energy-efficiency
・Supporting the introduction of energy-efficient equipment such as high-efficient water heaters
・Supporting energy-efficiency diagnosis and introduction of ESCO services
Measures based on Energy Conservation Law
Energy Efficiency is promoted through both regulatory and supportive measures.
Top Runner Standard (for household appliances,
automobiles, etc.)
Effort obligation and judgment standards
Reporting Requirements
Measures to encourage
improvements in EE in housing
Reporting
RequirementsReporting Requirements
Overall Picture of Energy Efficiency Initiatives
Commercial
(Business)
Commercial
(Residential)Transport
Obligations (Appointment of
Energy Manager etc)
8
Top Runner Program:
The concept of the program is that fuel economy standards for vehicles and energy conservation
standards for electric appliances, etc. shall be set exactly the same as or higher than the best
standard value of each product item currently available in the market.
Target products (23 products)Fuel Efficiency
(km/L)
Energy conservation standards according to Top Runner
method
At the time of standard setting Target Fiscal Year
19km/L
18km/L
17km/L
15km/L15km/L
14km/L
13km/L
12km/L
16
Achievement is judged
by weighted average
per product category
Example of Top Runner Program
Top Runner Program
1. Passenger vehicles
2. Freight vehicles
3. Air-conditioners
4.TV sets
5. Video-cassette recorders
6. Fluorescent lights
7. Copiers
8. Computers
9. Magnetic disc units
10. Electric refrigerators
11. Electric freezers
12. Space heaters
13. Gas cooking appliances
14. Gas water heaters
15. Oil water heaters
16. Electric toilet seats
17. Vending machines
18. Transformers
19. Electric rice cookers
20. Microwaves
21. DVD recorders
22. Residential router
23.Layer 2 switch
14
Equipment Improvement of energy consumption
efficiency (Results)
Improvement of energy consumption
efficiency (Initial expectation)
TV sets
(CRT-based television)
25.7%(FY1997→FY2003) 16.4%
Videocassette recorders 73.6%(FY1997→FY2003) 58.7%
Air conditioners* 67.8%(FY1997→FY2004) 66.1%
Electric refrigerators 55.2%(FY1998→FY2004) 30.5%
Electric freezers 29.6%(FY1998→FY2004) 22.9%
Gasoline passenger vehicles* 22.8%(FY1995→FY2005) 22.8%(FY1995→FY2010)
Diesel freight vehicles* 21.7%(FY1995→FY2005) 6.5%
Vending machines 37.3%(FY2000→FY2005) 33.9%
Computers 99.1%(FY1997→FY2005) 83.0%
Magnetic disk units 98.2%(FY1997→FY2005) 78.0%
Fluorescent lights* 35.6%(FY1997→FY2005) 16.6%
Energy-saving standards for equipments with ※marks are defined by energy consumption efficiency per unit (ex: km/l), and those for equipments without ※marks
are defined by energy consumption quantity (ex: kWh/year). “Improvements of energy consumption efficiency” in the above Table are judged by standards of each
equipment (ex: If 10km/h changes to 15km/h, this is 50% improvement. (It is not calculated by fuel quantity of 10 liter/100km and improved quantity of 6.7
liter/100km to say the improvement is 33%.). And if 10kWh/yr changed to 5kWh/yr, this is also 50% improvement.)
Energy-saving Effects from Top Runner Program
15
Future vision for Renewable Energy deployment
■ Increase “Renewable Energy / Primary Energy Supply” to 13% in 2030,
depending on installation design.
LPG 18 (3%)
LPG 18 (3%)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Renewable energy, etc.
Renewable energy, etc.
67 (13%)
Nuclear power60 (10%)
Nuclear power122 (24%)
Natural gas105 (18%)
Natural gas80 (16%)
Coal 130 (22%)
Coal 85 (17%)
Petroleum 244 (41%)
Petroleum 142 (28%)
Actual, fiscal 2007 Estimated, in 2030
20
Regulatory Scheme & Incentives for Promoting New and Renewable Energy
energy suppliers (electric power companies,
gas companies, oil companies) have to use
non-fossil energies while using fossil oil
efficiently
Areas to develop and promote installation :
from “oil alternative” to “non fossil”
■ Revision of Alternative Energy Act
■ Act for Promotion of Non-fossil Energies byEnergy Suppliers
■ New Energy Promotion Act
Breakdown Result
0.010.020.030.040.0
50.060.0
70.080.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
(Fiscal Year)
(1
00
GW
h/
年)
Wind Power PV Hydro Biomass Others
■ RPS(Renewables Portfolio Standards)Act
- electric utilities have to use electricity generated
from renewable energies
- the target increases until FY2014 year by year
■ Incentives
- subsidies and tax incentives for residence and non-residence
Numerical Target of RPS Act
for Residence for Non-Residence
Subsidies
Photovoltaic
70,000 yen per kW(system under 700,000 yen)
All the New Energies
non profit bodies etc.
half of installation cost
companies
1/3 of installation cost
Taxations
Photovoltaic
Tax Reduction for Home
Loan and for Reform to
save the energy
All the New Energies
7% Tax Reduction
(Small & Medium Entities)
or Special Depreciation
Incentives (Subsidies and Taxations)
○Of the electricity generated by photovoltaic generation systems, surplus electricity will be purchased.○ The buyback period is within the 10 years from the start of the program. The buyback price is fixed.
(※The buyback price may differ depending on the fiscal year in which a panel is installed. In the initial stages, it is ¥48/kWh for residential use [less than 10kW].)
○ Expenses will be born by all electricity users.
Major points of the buyback system
Purchase revenue(¥48/kWh for
residential use)
Surplus electricity
Users of photovoltaic generation systems
Solar surcharge
(Born by all electricity users)
ElectricityE
lectric
Pow
er
Co
mp
an
ies
Ele
ctric
ity U
se
rs
Purchase revenue(¥24/kWh for purposes
other than residential use)
Surplus electricity
※In the initial stages after installation, ¥48/kWh for residential use (less than 10kW) and ¥24/kWh for other uses.In the case where a private electric generator is also installed, ¥39/kWh and ¥20/kWh, respectively.
Outline of the New Buyback Programfor Photovoltaic Generation
Innovative Energy Technology Development
⑱HEMS/BEMS/Local-Level EMS※
⑬High-Efficient house & building ⑭Next-Generation High Efficiency Lighting
⑯Ultra High-Efficiency Heat pumps
⑰High-Efficiency Information Device and System
⑦Intelligent Transport System
①High-Efficiency Natural Gas Fired Power Generation
⑥High-Efficiency Superconducting Power Transmission
③Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage(CCS)
④Innovative Photovoltaic power Generation
⑪Innovative materials, Production/Proceeding
⑫Innovative Iron and Steer making process
⑧Fuel Cell Car
Efficiency Improvement Low carbonization
⑮Stationary Fuel Cell
Su
pp
ly S
ide
②High-Efficiency Coal Fired Power Generation
⑤Advanced Nuclear Power
Generation
Power Generation
/transmission
Industry
Transportation
Commercial
Dem
an
d S
ide
⑲High-Performance Power Storage
⑳Power ElectronicsCross-Cutting
⑩Production of Transport Biofuel
Hydrogen Production, Transport and Strorage
12③CCS(restated)
⑨Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle / Electric Vehicle
※EMS:Energy Management System、HEMS:House Energy Management System、BEMS:Building Energy Management System
23
■ Deployment (Subsidy)
Subsidy for Installation of Residential Photovoltaic System
Subsidy for Purchasing of Clean Energy Vehicle
Subsidy for Installation of Residential Fuel Cell
Subsidy for Installation of New Energy (non-residence)
■ Research and Development
Post-silicon Innovative Photovoltaic Cells
Next Generation Wind Power Technologies
Bio-ethanol Production System from Celluloses
Effective Transform Technologies for Biomass Energy
R&D for Scientific Innovation on New Generation Batteries
Research on Storage Batteries with Various Appliances
R&D for Practical Use of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Advanced Research on Materials for Storage of Hydrogen
201
43
61
364
15
3
8
36
30
10
412
114
80
389
15
3
19
35
30
64
51
9
220
0
20
161
9
2
3
24
Budget
128 billion yen for FY 2010 Budget Request
unit :100 million yen
Budget Request Budget Supplemental Budget
for FY2010 for FY2009 for FY2009