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Globalisation of RetailingA few successful retailers in
globalisation
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Sales rank
Ratio of overseas store
Ratio of overseas sales
Countries of operation
Mitsukoshi(Japan) 63 35.7% 1.4% 7
Eaon (Japan) 17 1.1% 11.2% 4
Muji (Japan) - 29.6% 11.9% 15
Wal-mart(US) 1 43.0% 24.2% 13
Carrefour(France) 2 78.5% 54.2% 26
Tesco (UK) 4 43.6% 24.0% 13
The Early DevelopmentLate 19th Century
Vanguard of Foreign Trade in Japan
Import Western Products Trade Textile Products
Early 20th CenturyTransform them into Department
StoresCatch Up with European Stores
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Declining Sales during WWⅡ
1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 19450
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Consumer demand Little merchandise Clerks been
inducted Limited sales area
4
Table 1: Total sales of All department Stores (thousands of Yen)
Activities in Manchuria
Tap New Growing Market
‘Gaisho’ Department and Trading Department Meet the Demands of Japanese Army and Concern in Manchuria.
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1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 19290
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
Total Imports Imports from Japan
Mitsukoshi’s Development
Open a Branch In Seoul in 1906 In Dalian in 1928
Rely on Sales in Overseas Branches
Store (7500 ㎡ )Sapporo(Japan)
2.9 million YenDalian (China)
6.8 million YenSeoul (Korea)
11 million Yen
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In the Era of High Economic Growth
1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 19910
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
140,000,000
160,000,000
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
All Retail Stores (left-hand scale)Department Stores (right-hand scale)
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New Forays into Europe and US
For Domestic Store’s MerchandiseUnderstand Fashion TrendFind New Fashion Brands
For Gaisho CustomersLoyal Customers→Ethnic Enclave Market
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Ethnic Enclave MarketLondon Mitsukoshi Opened in 1979
Target: Gaisho customersJapanese TouristsJapanese Residents
In transitionAfter the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001
Tourist Decreased in NumberJapanese Economic Depression
Expatriate Employee were Younger and Fewer.
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For the department stores’ development
Either Close or Change the StrategyFrankfurt and Munich closed in
2008London expanded customers to
include Asian customers.Role of Overseas Branches
Domestic StrategyFor Loyal CustomerFor Upmarket Merchandise
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Development in Asian Countries
Cater for Japanese Tourists and ResidentsHong Kong
Adaptation into the Local marketIsetan’s Hybrid store in SingaporeMitsukoshi in Taiwan
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For Further DevelopmentDid Complementary Strategy for
Domestic MarketNeed Full-scale Global Strategy
Asian Developing CountriesDecline Population in JapanYet to Work Out a New Strategy
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ConclusionWhat Did Globalisation Mean to
Japanese Department Stores?
Focus on Growing Market and SalesSufficient Domestic MarketLack of Standardisation Contribute to Heighten the High End
Store
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