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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Ali Ghanie

Sub Divisi Kardiologi Bagian Pena!i" Dala#

$K U%SRI & RSM' Pale#bang

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INTRODUCTION

The term heart and vascular, a pumping

system and circulation

Anatomic, Physiologic, and

pathophysiologic aspect

Disease o cardiovascular

Diagnosis o

Treatment

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ETIOLOGY OF CV DISEASES

!" Coronary artery disease

#" $ypertensive heart disease

%" &alvular $eart disease

'" (yocardial disease, myocarditis)" Pulmonary artery $ipertension

*" Pulmonary em+oly

" Congenital heart diseasel

-" Arthmia and conduction system

." Pericardial disease

!/" 0ndocarditis inecti

!!" Rheumatic heart disease

!#" Cardiac tumor

!%" Cardiac in1ury2Trauma

!'" 0ndocrine meta+olic cardiac disease

!)" Cardiac neuromiopathy

!*" Drug induced cardiac disease

!" Aortic disease

!-" Peripheral arterial disease

!." Cardiac disease due to non cardiac

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DIA3NO4I4

Physical diagnosis

5a+oratory e6am

0lectrocardiogram resting, e6ercise

6Ray

0chocardiography CT scan 2 nuclear

Angiography

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TR0AT(0NT

7ehaviour

Covservative, drugs Th2

Intervention non surgical 8percutaneous9

4urgery

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RIWAYAT PENYAKIT

( 'arus di)er"a*an!an hubungan dokter

pasien+ ,angan #endelegasi

( Me#)erole* informasi dasar guna ren-anadan evaluasi+ ser"a )engoba"an

( Bersa#aan menimbulkan kepercayaan antar

pasien - dokter

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KERANGKA DARI RIWAYAT PENYAKIT

( Masala* )si!ologis

( Su#ber in.or#asi

( Sin"esis diagnosis( Landasan ren-ana )e#eri!saan .isi!+ lab+

)engoba"an dan )rognosis

( Consul"an" be*avior

( Men-a"a" ri/aa"( Ring!asan dari ri/aa"

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Ringkasan dari Riwayat Penyakit

Proble# Pri#er

Di..erensial Diagnosis

Kelainan Ana"o#i

Kelainan $isiologi

S"a"us Kardiovas!uler+ Ko#)ensasi+ S"abil & Tida!

Ri/aa" Pengoba"an La#)au+ Se!arang

Prognosis

Per"anaan ang belu# "er,a/ab

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SUMBER INFORMASI

( Tele)on+ sura"+ au"o & allo0ana#nase

PERSIAPAN PEMERIKSAAN

AB ! FISIK" PROGNOSIS" PENGOBATAN

( Lab1 S"andard 2

( sesuai dengan ga#baran !lini! 2

( da)a" di)a!ai a"au *arus diulang 2

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#ONSUTANT BE$A%IOUR

( Bu!an *ana #engu#)ul!an !elu*an+ "e"a)i didasari

ole* )enge"a*uan ang luas( Me#erlu!an !ea*lian un"u! da)a" #enga#bil #a!na dari

ri/aa"

( 'arus ber!esina#bungan+ "ida! "er)u"us 3 )u"us+ da)a"

,uga "er)o"ong+ sa#bil #engevaluasi da"a ang ada( Pada !eadaan "er"en"u )asien #e#bua" )ersonal

diagnosis+ dengan #a!sud s"i#ulasi dis!usi+ ,angan di

!ri"i!+ "un,u!!an ba*/a !i"a "oleran dan "er"ari!1

( Kadang 3 !adang res)on )asien #e#bua" .rus"asi+ "e"a)i*arus "e"a) si#)a"i

( Pasien da)a" diban"u dala# .i!iran dan di bi#bing dala#

#en,elas!an

( 'indari !e-enderungan )ene#)i"an dala# )ers)e!"i.

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Diagn&sis Sintesis

( Ma,or disabling s#)"o#s+ bu!an sa,a Keluhan

utama+ ,uga *al lain ang ber*ubungan dengan senseo. /ell being1

( Beri!an !ebebasan !e)ada )asien un"u!#ena#)ai!an )erasaan dan rea!sina1

( Berdasar!an i"u "i#bul di.erensial diagnosis danusa*a !lari.i!asi diagnosis "er#asu! kronologis,diskriptip, danasosiatip.

( Sela#a /a/an-ara *arus di observasi e#osi rea!sigera! .isi! )asien1

( A)a!a* si#)"o# benar 3 benar #engga#bar!an)ena!i"+ deviasi nor#a+ a"au dibesar 3 besar!an1

( Melalui )roses dia"as da)a" dibua" sua"u !esi#)ulanang #endasari !o#)le! si#)"o# )enderi"a

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Ge'a(a Se)agai Diagn&stik Marker

( Sarana -anggi* "en"una da)a" di"eri#a+ /alau)un

bedside -lini-al e4a#ina"ion "e"a) "ida! beruba*

( Dulu 567 diagnosis berdasarkan anamnese, 867

.isi!+ 967 dengan sarana )enun,ang1( Lain *alna se!arang+ sangat bergantung dengan

)ena!i" ang #endasarina

( Keadaan "er"en"u *ana da)a" dengan Sarana bantu

( Do!"er *arus da)a" #enen"u!an nilai prediksi dari

gejala+ sa#)ai se,au* #ana )e#eri!saan lan,u"an

di*arus!an

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'ISTORY

( Kenaikan tekanan vena pulmonalis+ dis)nea+or"*o)nea+ ba"u!+ *e#o)"isis

( Aliran koroner tidak adekwat+ angina )e!"oris

( Shunt dari kanan ke kiri+ -anosis+ dis)nea+s:ua""ig+ sin!o)e

( Gagal jantung kongesti+ beng!a! !a!i+ neri*a"i

( urah jantung rendah+ .a"igue+ dis)nea

( Aritmia jantung+ )al)i"asi+ sin!o)e1

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Si*+t&* Kardi&,ask-(er

(%eri+ lo!asi+ luasna area+ )enebaran neri+!/ali"as neri+ se,a! !a)an+ la#ana neri+ .a!"orang #eni#bul!an dan #eng*ilang!an neri1

( Ds)nea+ on e..or"+ )aro4s#al no-"urnal+ or"*o)nea

( Ba"u!

( 'e#o)"sis

( Pal)i"asi

( Sn-o)e

( Ede#a

( $a"igue+ !elela*an

( Canosis

( Anore!sia+ nausea+ vo#i""ing

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#.est Pain

( Angina )e!"oris+ a!iba" iskemik miokard

( Dise!si aneurs#a aor"a

( Peri!ardi"is a!u"

( E#boli )aru( A!iba" *i)er"ensi )ul#onal+ is!e#i! RV 2

( %on !ardia!+ cemas, muskuloskletal, herpes,

esofagus, lambung, shoulder hand syndrome

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Nyeri ain / ain

( !yeri tungkai" )eri.er a"*eros!lerosis+ Ranaud+

"*ro#bo)*lebi"is+ !laudi!asio in"er#i""en+ e#boli

( !yeri kepala+ #igraine+ *i)er"ensi+ neri ra*ang+

)ala"u#+ )i)i+ rongga "elinga ;is!e#i #io!ard