Issues of Planning & Policies that Determine Quality of ... · PDF file08/08/2012 · Issues of Planning & Policies that Determine Quality of Life ... AAAAAAAAAu8/27q1pFUtQ8w/traffic+in+Bayan+Baru

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P e n a n g F o r u m n o . 5 – 0 4 / 0 8 / 2 0 1 2A p u b l i c d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e H o n . C h i e f M i n i s t e r

Issues of Planning & Policies that Determine Quality of Life in Penang

CHAU Loon WaiFaculty of Built EnvironmentU i iti T k l i M l i

Source of Image: http://www.photomalaysia.com/gallery/data/511/medium/IMG_5480m.jpg

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia


Quality of Life in Penang?No need for big definitions…


g

No rocket science stuffs…

It’s simply about our everyday experiences & feelings…& what gthey gradually add up to….

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Looking forward to working every morning…


730,000 souls, 2010

850 000 l 2020?850,000 souls, 2020?

1 million souls, 20XX??

Source of Image: https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7PiTyAl9qPo/TXIx7X1RhiI/AAAAAAAAAu8/27q1pFUtQ8w/traffic+in+Bayan+Baru.JPG


Can’t wait till Friday evening…


Source of Image: http://money-specialist.com/?m=200611

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…& the weekend…

Source of Image: http://xtherest2.multiply.com/journal/


For / of whom?Easy to get there?Nice to be there?

Quality of Life?

Nice to be there?Safe to be there?What’s on offer there?(Have) Time to be there?(H ) RM t d

Source of Image: http://markiphotosniper.com/2011/08/vertorama-hdr-gurney-drive-penang/

(Have) RM to spend there?Other choices?Will this be there for my kids?

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Quality of Life?

YES!&

Source of Images: http://bursadummy.blogspot.com/2011/05/penang-water-front-projects.html

NO!P e n a n g F o r u m n o . 5 – 0 4 / 0 8 / 2 0 1 2A p u b l i c d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e H o n . C h i e f M i n i s t e r

Quality of life is about h i i h d having various human needs met in the simplest, most casual,effortless manner, and it should be for most, if not all, people –the built environment plays a pivotal role

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People places – nice, safe places to go to (walk, cycle to) and be in

Choices, freedom with civility

Towards Livable Penang (a non-exhaustive list of characters)

Smart, efficient public transport; uncongested streets (necessary driving)

Choices, freedom with civility

Serendipity (various needs fulfilled, unexpectedly, rather effortlessly)

Inclusiveness, social equity

Affordability, reasonable cost of living (home, transport, food, healthcare)

Connectedness, with the past, with the present, with nature, with the worldHealthy environments healthy lifestyleHealthy environments, healthy lifestyle

Civic pride, solidarity, self esteem

Clean air, clean waters & green living environments

Macro-economic & political certainties (career security & growth)

Good place to call home (to grow up, rear kids, grow old (& die?) in)


Source of Image: www.penang-traveltips.com/acheen-street-flea-market.htmQuality of Life:

Source of Image: http://penangpage.com/gurneydr/gdrive120.jpg

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Quality of Life:

Source of Image: http://kelvinartz.blogspot.com/2009/07/bon-odori-2009.html

Source of Image:http://sayaanakbangsamalaysia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=723:george-town-2012&catid=40:tale-in-ten&Itemid=76

Source of Image: http://blog.japhethlim.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/BERSIH_00075.jpg


Quality of Life:

It’s about the PEOPLE!(Their everyday (& not so everyday) experiences & feelings… &what they gradually add up to )what they gradually add up to….)

Source of Images: www.capturingpenang.com/2010/05/thousands-participate-in-penang-clean.html

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Quality of Life:

Source of Image: http://wperspective.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/botanical_23.jpg

Source of Image: http://s3.amazonaws.com/wildfire_production/media_files/4582767/DSC_20699.jpgSource of Image: http://johnkrippinger.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/img_1201.jpg


Quality of Life:

It’s about the ENVIRONMENT!ENVIRONMENT!

Source of Images: http://www.what2seeonline.com/2008/04/penang-heritage-trees/

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Worsening congestion

Dwindling land resources (?)

Encroachment on greenfield sites (the hills, prime agriculture lands)

D l ti f G T

The Issues

Unsatisfactory public transport services (though improved)

Pedestrian unfriendly environments

Lack of green spaces, trees, parks in the city

Lack of high quality public realm & true people places

Depopulation of George Town

Under appreciated waterways & water edges

Housing affordability (e.g. the middle class has been “stepchild-ed”)

Development plans (the Structure & Local Plans) that do not ensure a more sustainable & livable Penang (Island & Mainland)

Under appreciated waterways & water edges

Absence of concrete forward-looking green growth strategies (population growth, talents, global competitiveness, strategic sectors)


Problems with the current Draft Local PlanSpatially vague – Transit Oriented Development (TOD) form & structure? Walkable street structure?

Too “timid” in strategies/policies on advancing sustainability & livability – no UGBs; Turf Club land still zoned for new development; no new major parks; more emphasis on road upgrading & construction (PORR, tunnel) than promoting public transport & walking etc.

Numerous inaccuracies – e.g. promote development on greenfield sites; inaccurate definition of ‘brownfield’

Not readily usable for objective, accurate assessment of development proposals with respect to sustainability & livability (quality)

Not global, inventive, entrepreneurial & bold enough to enhance Not global, inventive, entrepreneurial & bold enough to enhance long-term social & economic competitiveness of Penang

Missing quick-wins (demonstration projects) that will potentially significantly improve quality of life in the city – e.g. Sungai Pinang Development Corridor; station area planning (buses, light rail)

A “toothless” & “clawless” tiger?

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Our Desired Development Plans?We don’t want mere grand statements / rhetoric in the development plans

We don’t want development plans that are not people centric & lost touch with the ground

We don’t want development projects that do not benefit the local people & the environment

We don’t want development plans that contain mainly knee-jerk policies

We don’t want development plans that are prepared without genuine stakeholder participation & input

We don’t want development plans that are formulated as mere formalities (not used in development control & unable to guide development)

We don’t want development plans that are spatially unclear & open to manipulation by developers / landowners / politicians


Penang Island Draft Local Plan 2020

?

??

?

✓?

?

Do we need the PORR?

??

?

? ✓the PORR?

We do we need more parks & green spaces!

Note: Map shown is indicative & for PF5 discussion only

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Penang Island Draft Local Plan 2020

? ?

? ?

?

?

?

???



Or DOT?

Penang Island Draft Local Plan’s TOD?Or DOT?(Development that Omits Transit!)

Source of Image: Seattle Planning Commission, 2010, p.9


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City of North Vancouver, BC’s Development Pattern Approach to Measuring GHG Impacts of Land Use Decisions

Typical Development Pattern / Land Use Structure of TOD

Source of Images: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2009, pp.39, 41, 44


Wilshire Boulevard, west LA – compact corridor (mixed use, transit oriented) surrounded by lower-density neighbourhoods

Density & Compactness Have a Structure

Source of Image: ULI, 2010, p.19

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‘Density’ is oftentimes quite confusing…confusing…& can be controversial… needs qualification

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Density works along with Design (Quality),

Density is not monstrosity, not all highrise, certainly not over-crowdedness

y g g ( y)Diversity, Destinations & Distance (to transit, local centre) – 5DsDensity must be supported by a high level of amenities & high quality public realm

Density can be delightful – right density at the right place

Density is context based (no one size fits all!)

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CAUTION!Density alone covering a large area Density alone, covering a large area without supporting infrastructure, transit & amenities (e.g. large concentrations of high density low cost homes) spells disaster in the cost homes), spells disaster in the long run!


Density takes different forms… (which then influence the built environment quality & quality of life

f th i h bit t)of the inhabitant)

Source of image: Urban Design Compendium 2, 2007, p.88

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Imagining Livable, Compact Development with 5Ds…

Urban‐Advantage.com




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Rosslyn-Ballston Metro Corridor5 Metro Stations – focal points for high-density, mixed use, TOD

90% of new commercial & residential development along Metro corridors

Floor Area Ratio (FAR): 3.0-10.0 within core Metro station areas

Adjacent low-density residential neighbourhoods preserved

Smart Growth!

Source of Image: www.vatransit.com/practices/images_task5/r02-3.jpgSource of Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ArlingtonTODimage3.jpg


Rosslyn-Ballston Metro CorridorBuilt: 27,000 residences + hotel rooms; 27 mil. sqft. Office + retail

82,000 daily Metro passenger boardings & alightings

Average daily traffic (ADT) volume have remained stable despite rapid developmentrapid development

High Metro use; pedestrian friendly environment; strict parking controls

Source of Image: www.mjwells.com/transit-oriented

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The Market Common, Clarendon in Arlington,

Virginia – Compact Urban Village along the Rosslyn-

Ballston Metro Corridor

Rosslyn-Ballston Metro Corridor

Ballston Metro Corridor

Source of Images:ULI 2007, cover, pp.22, 23


Station Areas as Urban Places

Source of Images: ULI, 2003, pp.7-9

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Mocking Bird Station Area Development, Dallas Area Rapid Transit(DART) System

Integrating residential lofts, retail, Integrating residential lofts, retail, offices, high quality public realm within station area development

Source of Images: ULI, 2003, pp.11, 14


Imagining Penang Road…

Source of Image: ULI, 2003, p.19

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Imagining Jalan Ayer Itam…

Source of Image: ULI and Ernst & Young, 2010, p.17


Street trams / light rails are good for & blend well in dense urban environments

Source of Image: Seattle Planning Commission, 2010, p.4Source of Images: Ginn 1998, p.1, p.26

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Adelaide (George Town’s sister city) –Trams preserved, modernised & extended

Source of Image: www.stampboards.com/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=10448.


Penang Island Draft Local Plan onthe ONLY Main Waterway in the City?

No Vision!The Sungai Pinang Corridor should be designated a Special Area for compact mixed

No Vision!

compact, mixed use (with affordable homes), transit oriented, waterfrontinner urban neighbourhood


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Sungai Pinang – Existing Condition

Source of Image: http://penangfengshui.blogspot.com/2012/03/river-of-singapore-vs-sungai-pinang.html


Imagining Sungai Pinang?Learning from Brindley Place, Birmingham, U.K.

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Imagining Sungai Pinang?

Source of Image: Public Spaces Public Life Perth, 2009, p.77

P e n a n g F o r u m n o . 5 – 0 4 / 0 8 / 2 0 1 2A p u b l i c d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e H o n . C h i e f M i n i s t e rP e n a n g F o r u m n o . 5 – 0 4 / 0 8 / 2 0 1 2A p u b l i c d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e H o n . C h i e f M i n i s t e r

Imagining Sungai Pinang?

Source of Image:www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/sungai_pinang.htm

Source of Image: Public Spaces Public Life Perth, 2009, p.100

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“Prangin and Maxwell Roads, Penang…Private buses are lined up along the clean, open Prangin Canal, and next to it, a grass verge with trees!....”(Khoo and Wade, 2003, p.110)


Imagining Prangin Canal?

Source of image: Khoo and Wade, 2003, p.110


Prangin Canal?Source of Image: www.gotopenang.com/content/komtar-walk

Source of Image: http://kh-penang.blogspot.com/2009/05/komtar-walk-penang.html

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Imagining Prangin Canal?

Source of Image: Kwon, K.W., undated, ‘Cheong Gye Cheon Restoration Project: A revolution in Seoul’, Seoul Metropolitan Government

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Learning from CheongGyeCheon, Seoul CBD, South KoreaImagining Prangin Canal

Source of Image: Kwon, K.W., undated, ‘Cheong Gye Cheon Restoration Project: A revolution in Seoul’, Seoul Metropolitan Government

Watch the Cheong Gye Cheon Revitalisation Project Video (19:51 minutes) at: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5440301045365337991#

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Source of Images: Kim, K.S. 2009 ‘Revitalization of Seoul City Center, Korea’, JPBW Weekly Seminar, Faculty of Built Environment, UTM, 7 August 2009




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Learning from Melbourne- 2nd most livable city in the world (2010)- Most livable city in the world (2011)

Source of Image: Gemzoe, Gehl Architects, 2008


Melbourne Had Its Bad Days…


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Melbourne’s City Centre Improvement Program

Source: City of Melbourne & Gehl Architects 2004, p.11


But Now Melbourne Has a Larger Residential Community


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A Higher Density Melbourne…

Source of Images: City of Melbourne & Gehl Architects 2004; Gemzoe, Gehl Architects, 2008


Melbourne Also Has a Larger Student Population

Source: Gemzoe, Gehl Architects, 2008

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Melbourne’s Central City University/College Campuses…



Melbourne’s Improved Streets for Public Life…


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Melbourne’s Improved Streets for Public Life…



Melbourne’s Improved & Expanded Pedestrian Network

Source: City of Melbourne & Gehl Architects 2004, pp.57-58

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Melbourne Also Has More Outdoor Cafés



Source of images: Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2004, 2005

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Source of images: Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2004


Recommended StrategiesInstitutionalise clear Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs) – current 76m hill land lines, designated prime agricultural lands, forest reserves are good starting points – strictly no approval for developments above 76m

Promote inner growth densify existing centres & inner urban areas Promote inner growth, densify existing centres & inner urban areas (greyfield & brownfield sites) – avoid touching greenfields & the hills!

Rezone the Turf Club land into open space / recreation – to be connected to the MPPP Metropolitan Park & Botanical Gardens

The Draft Local Plan should be amended to have clear spatial

Draft Local Plan to be immediately exhibited for public comments & gazetted the soonest possible

Supplement the Draft Local Plan with a Transit Master Plan – clear TOD land use structure; high density, mixed use development along public transport corridors, Station Area Planning (SAP) demonstration projects (scrap PORR & re-channel funds)

pstrategies for the blue-green network – increase the number of metropolitan parks & open spaces; increase tree densities in the city

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Identify quick-win developments as demonstration projects & prepare Special Area Plans to ensure growth & development do not

Recommended StrategiesSupplement the Draft Local Plan with a Pedestrian & Cycling Master Plan (short & medium distance trips) – clear spatial strategies

prepare Special Area Plans to ensure growth & development do not deviate from but advance sustainability & livability goals

Begin with the Special Area Plan for the Sungai Pinang Development Corridor – medium-high density, mixed residential, walkable, transit oriented inner urban communities in parcels through joint public-private ventures & open tender (cf. Potsdam – Kirchsteigfelddevelopment , Germany)

Follow with the Special Area Plan for the Prangin Canal Area – high Follow with the Special Area Plan for the Prangin Canal Area high density, mixed use, walkable, transit oriented central area revitalisationproject through joint public-private ventures & open tender

Ensure all natural amenities (waterfront, waterways, hills, forests) are publicly accessible to all – begin limiting development of luxury enclaves that are out of reach of Penangites & deny access rights to natural amenities

P e n a n g F o r u m n o . 5 – 0 4 / 0 8 / 2 0 1 2A p u b l i c d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e H o n . C h i e f M i n i s t e rTowards Materialising

Quality of Life in Penang…

We need development plans (especially the Local Plan) that

Source of image: Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2004

mandate accurate assessment of opportunities & constraints of proposed developments by developers

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We need development plans

Towards MaterialisingQoL in Penang…


We need town planners with strong design capabilities & 3-D

We need development plans (especially the Local Plan) that mandate accurate impact analysis & enable objective assessment of proposed developments by developers


g g pspatial visualisation abilities & with PASSION!

Town planners need to collaborate and work closely with architects, landscape architects & engineers


We need development plans (especially the Local

P e n a n g F o r u m n o . 5 – 0 4 / 0 8 / 2 0 1 2A p u b l i c d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e H o n . C h i e f M i n i s t e rTowards Materialising

Quality of Life in Penang…

plans (especially the Local Plan) that mandate the submission of illustrations of a project within its context to enable effective assessment of the project impacts by planners & communication with the public


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Balanced growth & development between

Mainland Not Forgotten…

pthe island & mainland are crucial to ensure long-term sustainability & livability of Penang


Thank you for your kind attention!

For Livable, Sustainable Penang – Quality of Life for All!CHAU Loon WaiFacul ty of Bui l t Env i ronmentUnivers i t i Teknologi Malays ia8 1 3 1 0 U T M J o h o r B a h r ul w c h a u @ u t m . m y

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Issues of Planning & Policies that Determine Quality of ... · PDF file08/08/2012 · Issues of Planning & Policies that Determine Quality of Life ... AAAAAAAAAu8/27q1pFUtQ8w/traffic+in+Bayan+Baru