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BSc International Relations 2015-16: IR305

Strategic Aspectsof International

Relations I

BSc (Econ) 2ndor 3rdYear

Professor Christopher CokerRoom CLM.5.09 (Administrator, Room CLM.6.11)

Recommended lectures IR305 (15)Beginning Michaelmas Term

Week 1 MT: Mon 28 Sept 15 17.00-18.00 Room CLM.2.02

No lecture Week 2 MT (9 Oct)Then Fridays 14.00-15.00

Room CLM.6.02

Classes (5): Mon 10.00-11.00Tues 10.00-11.00Tues 12.00-13.00Tues 14.00-15.00Wed 11.00-12.00

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IR305 Strategic Aspects of InternationalRelationsIntroduction

This is not a conventional Strategic Studies course. It is a course which treatswar as a cultural activity. Culture is now very much in fashion in InternationalRelations but its role is much disputed. My own understanding is that war is asupremely cultural activity and the way societies think about it and practice itare fundamentally influenced by cultural factors, such as attitudes totechnology, cultural predispositions (or ways of warfare), ethical preferences,religious allegiances, and general attitudes towards globalisation (both for andagainst). As a dynamic subject, the course material frequently changes: inthe Cold War we were interested in theories of nuclear deterrence and thestruggle between the superpowers in regions such as Southern Africa and

Central America. Subjects of interest now include everything from nuclearproliferation, transnational organised crime, and even problems like AIDS(described first by President Clinton in 2000 as a national security threat tothe United States).

Aims and Objectives

The aimof this course is to provide an intellectual challenge to academicallyable students by engaging with difficult and demanding material in the IR field.The material addresses a number of key normative issues such as theevolving nature of war (both western and non-western), and the on-going

debate about the viability and legitimacy of the use of force in internationalsociety. In providing an insight into the relationship between theory andpractice it will provide a basis for further study or for careers in government,international organisations, media and the military.

The objective of the course is: to promote a critical engagement with a widerange of literature, predominantly from the social sciences, but also includingcontemporary literature, philosophy and sociology; and to display thisengagement through the development of a succinct writing style (for essays)and the ability to present complex arguments in class presentations.

Brief Course Descript ion

Every lecture series needs an approach. One can begin with the adviceRichard Southey received from his tutor when he went up to Oxford in 1793 You wont learn anything by attending my lectures; so if you have any studiesof your own, youd better pursue them. The academic world has changedsince then and you can no longer expect to hear such a frank admission. Yetthe lectures that I offer 15 in all are designed to inspire students to pursuetheir own interests. By adopting a cultural approach marrying anthropology,sociology, and even literature with different theories of war I hope the lectureswill enable you to pursue your interests more systematically. In that sense,the lectures are designed to provide a framework within which you can placethe more interesting things that attract your fancy: what the Rambo film

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culture has to say about American attitudes to war; or works such as WilliamGibsons novel Virtual Light have to tell us about terrorism in the future; orwhy a best seller, Tom Swoffords memoir of the Gulf War, Jarhead, still looksback to the Achilles myth when attempting to define what makes a warriordifferent from a soldier.

The lectures are intended, in other words, to bridge the gap between theacademic study of war and the experience of our time. They will provide acommentary on the main security debates of our time.

At the moment there is no single text book to which I can direct you. Thethree key works I recommend you buy are John Keegans History of War forits cultural approach to military history, Martin Van Crevelds Transformationof War to better understand the contemporary security environment, andSebastian Jungers War for its insight into the warriors personal experience ofwar.

Books marked in boldin this reading list are recommended.

Teaching Methods

1. There will be a series of 15 lectures (IR305) running through theMichaelmas and Lent terms. A lecture list is provided overleaf. Theselectures are designed to provide an overview of the course syllabuswith commentary on the literature.

2. Fifteen weekly classes will be arranged, commencing in Week 3 of

Michaelmas Term. Please check the Sessional Timetable for details.Revision classes will be offered in the Summer Term as well. Detailsof Class Discussion Topicsand some basic reading for each classare also provided at the end of this syllabus (see below). Classes,which are compulsory, are an opportunity to explore in depth particularissues and to engage in discussion in a small group context. Studentswill be expected to contribute to such discussions and present paperseach week.

3. Students will be expected to engage in independent study, employingthe reading lists provided to deepen their knowledge of the subject.

Course Requirements

Students will be required to write three essays (of c.1,500 words each) in thecourse of the year, in Michaelmas and Lent Terms. The essays will be due inthe last week of November, February and April (precise deadlines to be set byclass tutors). The purpose of these essays is to provide experience ofsummarising succinctly and engaging with complex material and to assist inpreparation of the course examination.

Students will be required to make presentations in class.

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Course Assessment

Assessment will be via an unseen, three-hour examination in the SummerTerm (100%). For guidance some past examination papers are attached tothis document as an appendix. Students should note that International

Relations is an evolving subject and past examination papers need to betreated with caution. Further guidance on the examination will be provided ata later date.

Moodle

Moodle is the LSEs virtual learning environment a website bringing togethera range of resources and tools to support the IR305 course. The IR305Moodle site is shared with the post-graduate course in the same area, IR415.Material specific to either undergraduates or postgraduates is clearly markedwith the relevant course number.

Moodle is available anytime and from any place via the Internet. Featuresinclude: course information and reading lists; access to readings (journalarticles and e pack readings, i.e. scanned readings that are not otherwiseavailable online), discussion and presentation boards, space for classpresentations and other work.

Moodle is accessed from the LSE home page (via the Apps menu in the topright hand corner), or directly athttp://moodle.lse.ac.uk using your LSE

network username and password. Help in using the system is availableonline. The Centre for Teaching and Learning (CLT) also runs tutorials, whichstudents are encouraged to make use of.

SEE Moodle for ful l interactive reading list:https://moodle.lse.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=4858

THOUGHT FOR THE DAY:

When the Russian tanks go west

Who will protect you and me?

Perhaps, Col. Slochoms 2nd

Essex Rifles

And the Light Horse of the LSE

(Philip Larkin, 1968, on reading that the British Government was withdrawing from East of Suez)

http://moodle.lse.ac.uk/https://moodle.lse.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=4858https://moodle.lse.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=4858https://moodle.lse.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=4858http://moodle.lse.ac.uk/

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IR305 Strategic Aspects of InternationalRelations

15 LECTURES

Strategic Theory (Weeks 1-4)

1 The Changing Character of Strategy: Antiquity to the Present

2. Thinking about war: Clausewitz

3. Thinking about war Sun Tzu & Thucydides

4. The End of War?

Strategic Culture (Weeks 5-10)

5. Humane Warfare

6. READING WEEK-No Lecture or Classes

7. War and Culture: Ways of Warfare

8. War and Technology

9. Asymmetrical Warfare10. The Risk Society at War

Strategic Practice (Weeks 11-16)

11. Globalisation and War: the new security agenda

12. NATO: the clash of political/military cultures

13. Genocide

14. The New Geo-politics

15. War and the developing world

16. Terrorism

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Recommended Course Reading List

Baylis, John, Gray, Colin, Wirtz, John, Strategy in the contemporary world: anintroduction to strategic studies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010 Course

collection U162 S89

Billingsley, Dodge, Fangs of a Lone Wolf: Chechen Tactics in the Russian ChechenWars 1994-2009

Billingsley, Dodge & Grau, Lester. Operation Anaconda: Americas First Major Battlein Afghanistan

Bradley Jay Strawser; Jeff McMahan Killing by remote control: the ethics of anunmanned military, New York: Oxford University Press 2013, Library Online Access

Bruce Riedel, Return of the Knights: al-Qaeda and the Fruits of Middle EastDisorder, Survival, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Autumn 2007), pp. 107-20

Clarke; Walter Jeffrey Ira Herbst,Learning from Somalia: the lessons of armedhumanitarian intervention, Boulder, Colo : Westview Press 1997, Course collectionbooksDT407 L43

Coker, C, Humane Warfare: the new ethics of post-modern war, Routledge, 2001U21.2 C68 Chapter 1, pp. 7-23. online at

https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219261

Coker, Christopher. Waging war without warriors? : the changing culture of military

conflict. Boulder, Colorado. : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002, Chapter 4, pp.61 82. and epack: https://library2.lse.ac.uk/elib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16415.pdf

Coker, Christopher, Warrior Geeks: how technology is changing the way we fight andthink about war (London: Hurst, 2012)

Coker, C, (2009) War in an Age of Risk, Polity Press -U21.2 C68

Coker, Christopher, The Improbable War: China, the US and the logic of GreatPower conflict, (Hurst 2014)

Donald MacKenzie; Judy Wajcman, The social shaping of technology OpenUniversity Press 1999. Library Online Access.

Edwards, Paul N. The closed world: computers and the politics of discourse in ColdWar America, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1996, Library Online Access

Foster, Nigel Alwyn Changing the Army for Counterinsurgency Operations, MilitaryReview, Vol. LXXXV, No. 6 (November-December 2005), pp. 2-15Freedman, Lawrence & Efraim Karsh, How Kuwait Was Won: Strategy in the GulfWar, International Security, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Autumn 1991), pp. 5-41

https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219261http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090818113840&PID=m-vO68diI61CiE8gXTw_QU2TDyyE&SA=U21.2+C68http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090818113840&PID=m-vO68diI61CiE8gXTw_QU2TDyyE&SA=U21.2+C68https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219261

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Lawrence Freedman, Victims and victors: reflections on the Kosovo war, Review ofInternational Studies, Vol. 26 (2000), pp. 335-58

Freedman, Lawrence, War. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press 1994. LSELibraryCourse collection booksU21.2 W25

Gray, Colin S, War, Peace and International Relations: an introduction to strategichistory, Routledge, U21.2 G77

Gray Colin S.The strategy bridge theory for practice, Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress 2010. Library Online Access.

Gray, Colin S. Another Bloody Century : Future Warfare London: Weidenfeld &Nicolson, 2005.U21.2 G77 Chapter 4, pp. 131-167. U21.2 G77 and epack:https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16311.pdf

Gray, Colin S, Thinking Asymmetrically in Times of Terror, Parameters Spring 2002,pp5-14.

Heuser, Beatrice, Reading Clausewitz, Blackwell, 2002. U55.C6 H59. Chapter 8inepack:https://library2.lse.ac.uk/elib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16324.pdf

http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/02spring/gray.htm

Joshua Johnson, From Cuba to Bolivia: Guevaras Foco Theory in Practice,Innovations, Vol. 6 (2006), pp. 26-32 LINK

Kilcullen, David, The Accidental Guerrilla: fighting small wars in the midst of a bigone, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, U240 K41 and online at:https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219643

Luttwak, E, Towards a post heroic warfare, Foreign Affairs, May/June 1995http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora74&id=495 and Post heroic military policy, Foreign Affairs,July/August 1996 JX1 orhttp://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora75&id=589and online at

https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/docview/214225681

McFate, Sean, The Modern Mercenary: private armies and what they mean for worldorder, OUP 2015

Moreno, Jos A. Che Guevara on Guerrilla Warfare: Doctrine, Practice andEvaluation, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 12, No. 2 (April 1970),pp. 114-133

O Tuathail, Gearoid, Understanding Critical Geopolitics: Geopolitics and Risk

Society, Journal of Strategic Studies, 22, 2/3 (1999), pp107-124 MC U162 andonline at:

http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807142901&PID=JAe-Vweck23xjvJV-FxBpCBPplr&SA=U21.2+G77https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16311.pdfhttps://library2.lse.ac.uk/elib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16324.pdfhttps://library2.lse.ac.uk/elib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16324.pdfhttp://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/02spring/gray.htmhttp://www.ucalgary.ca/~innovate/issues/2006winter/Johnson%20Cuba%20to%20Bolivia.pdfhttp://www.ucalgary.ca/~innovate/issues/2006winter/Johnson%20Cuba%20to%20Bolivia.pdfhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825150400&PID=KYlbnlTaKdqax78OnaL9dYmskzzL&SA=U240+K41https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219643http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora74&id=495http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora74&id=495http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora75&id=589http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora75&id=589https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/docview/214225681https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/docview/214225681https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/docview/214225681https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/docview/214225681http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora75&id=589http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora75&id=589http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora74&id=495http://heinonline.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/fora74&id=495https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219643http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825150400&PID=KYlbnlTaKdqax78OnaL9dYmskzzL&SA=U240+K41http://www.ucalgary.ca/~innovate/issues/2006winter/Johnson%20Cuba%20to%20Bolivia.pdfhttp://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/02spring/gray.htmhttps://library2.lse.ac.uk/elib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16324.pdfhttps://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16311.pdfhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807142901&PID=JAe-Vweck23xjvJV-FxBpCBPplr&SA=U21.2+G77

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http://dx.doi.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/10.1080/01402399908437756

Paul Williams, Security Studies: an introduction, London: Routledge c2008, LibraryOnline Access

Peter Paret, ed., Makers of Modern Strategy From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986)

Philip H. Gordon, Winning the Right War, Survival, Vol. 49, No. 4 (Winter 2007-08),pp. 17-46

Peter R Neumann & MLR Smith, Strategic Terrorism: The Framework and itsFallacies, Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 28, No. 4 (August 2005), pp. 571-95

Robert A. Pape Jr, Coercive Airpower in the Vietnam War, International Security,Vol. 15, No. 2 (Autumn 1990), pp. 103-46

Rosencrance, Richard /Steven Miller (eds) The Next Great War: the roots of Worldwar 1 and the risk of US-China conflict ( MIT Press 2015)

Stephen Peter Rosen, Vietnam and the American theory of limited war, InternationalSecurity. Vol. 7, No. 2 (Fall 1982), pp. 83-113

Stone, John, Air-Power, Land-Power and the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict, CivilWars, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Autumn 1999), pp. 26-42

Stone, John, Clausewitzs Trinity and Contemporary Conflict, Civil Wars 9 (2007),282-96.

Smith, M. L. R. & Roberts, S. War in the Grey: Exploring the Concept of Dirty War,May 2008 In:STUDIES IN CONFLICT AND TERRORISM.31, 5, p. 377-398

Smith, M. L. R. Escalation in Irregular War: Using the Principles of Strategic Theoryto Examine from Frist Principles, 2012 In:The Journal of Strategic Studies.35, 5, p.613-637

Smith, Rupert, The Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World (London:Allen Lane, 2005).U27 S65

Van Creveld, Martin, Technology and War: from 2000BC to the present, Free Press,1991 D25 V21 [REC] Conclusion in epack:

https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16321.pdf

Johnson, The Afghan Way of War: How and Why they Fight, Oxford UniversityPress, 2011.

http://dx.doi.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/10.1080/01402399908437756https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/michael.rainsborough.htmlhttps://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/journals/studies-in-conflict-and-terrorism(4c4f3b56-d47c-47ac-8dc6-600ee44ba04f).htmlhttps://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/michael.rainsborough.htmlhttps://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/journals/the-journal-of-strategic-studies(04b107b4-3d11-48f6-bee5-0ce6366c1d3a).htmlhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143923&PID=aXNd4erfequx-yYFeCo2RwhHNa&SA=U27+S65https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16321.pdfhttps://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16321.pdfhttps://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16321.pdfhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143923&PID=aXNd4erfequx-yYFeCo2RwhHNa&SA=U27+S65https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/journals/the-journal-of-strategic-studies(04b107b4-3d11-48f6-bee5-0ce6366c1d3a).htmlhttps://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/michael.rainsborough.htmlhttps://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/journals/studies-in-conflict-and-terrorism(4c4f3b56-d47c-47ac-8dc6-600ee44ba04f).htmlhttps://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/michael.rainsborough.htmlhttp://dx.doi.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/10.1080/01402399908437756

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Recommended JournalsFull Access available via LSE Library

Adelphi Papers IISS

African Security Review

Asian Security

Civil Wars

Comparative Strategy

Conflict, Security & Development

Ethics & International Affairs

European Journal of InternationalSecurity

Foreign Affairs

Foreign Policy

Geopolitics

International Affairs

International Organization

International Politics

International Security

International Studies Quarterly

International Studies Review

Janes Defense Review

Janes Defense Weekly

Journal of Cold War Studies

Journal of Conflict and PeaceManagement

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Journal of Global History

Journal of Intelligence History

Journal of InternationalPeacekeeping

Journal of Military History

Journal of Peace Research

Journal of Strategic Security

Journal of Strategic Studies

Millennium

Military Balance IISS

NATO Review

Orbis

Parameters

Review of International Studies

RUSI Journal

Small Wars and Insurgencies

Strategic Comments IISS

Strategic Studies Quarterly

Strategic Survey IISS

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

Survival IISS

Terrorism & Political Violence

The World Today

World Politics

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Interesting Films

Ancient WarfareGladiator300Spartacus

Middle AgesHenry VBraveheartKingdom of Heaven

19thCenturyWaterlooLast of the Mohicans

Dances with WolvesGettysburgGloryThe PatriotMaster &CommanderThe Alamo

Colonial WarfareZuluZulu Dawn

Breaker MorantBattle of AlgiersLaurence of Arabia

World War 1All Quiet on theWestern FrontGallipoliPaths of GloryLe Grande IllusionSergeant York

World War 2The Longest DaySaving Private RyanA Bridge Too FarWhere Eagles DareGuns of NavaroneEnemy at the GatesMemphis BelleDas BootRun Silent Run Deep

Cross of IronThe Battle of Britain

Empire of the SunThe SunDownfallThe Great EscapeDays of GloryThe Thin Red Line

Cold WarDr StrangeloveRed AlertPlatoonFull Metal JacketHamburger Hill

Apocalypse NowWe Were SoldiersHunt for Red OctoberIce Station ZebraRambo 1,2,3,4Thirteen DaysJFKNixonThe Good ShepherdThe Deer HunterThe Fog of War

Civil WarSalvadorRomeroLumumbaDogs of WarCheOf Gods & MenThe Wind thatShakes the BarleyCatch a Fire

GenocideSchindlers ListHotel RwandaThe Killing FieldsThe PianistShooting DogsShake Hands withthe Devil

Post-Cold War

1990sBlack Hawk Down

JarheadThe SiegePatriot GamesParadise NowMunichDelta Force 1CommandoTrue LiesThree KingsLord of WarBehind Enemy LinesCrimson Tide

21st

CenturyRestrepoGreen ZoneThe KingdomZero Dark ThirtyRoute IrishThe Hurt LockerRedactedBattle for HadithaBody of LiesSyriana

Waltz with BashirAmerican SniperAct of ValourCaptain PhilipsSpy gameTeam AmericaFour LionsFahrenheit 9/11Good KillStop LossLions for Lambs

Post-Apocalyptic1984Mad Max 1, 2, 3The RoadTerminator 1 & 228 Days Later28 Weeks LaterThe PostmanTwelve MonkeysDistrict 13

The Matrix TrilogyWorld War Z

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Recommended You Tube Documentaries

BBC Empire Warriors- Insurgency in Aden, Palestine, Kenya, Malayahttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empir

e+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8B

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vz709_bbc-empire-warriors-2of4-the-jewish-war_shortfilms

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzxfe_bbc-empire-warriors-3of4-the-intelligence-war_shortfilms

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzbvq_bbc-empire-warriors-4of4-the-hunt-for-kimathi_shortfilms

Mexico's Drug War - BBC Documentaryhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThcAPtAA0ec

Sendero Luminoso/People Of The Shining Pathhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aPCcC6tSUQ

In the Name of the People: El Salvador's Civil War 1985 DOCUMENTARYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHO-WiiZba0

The Fog of War - Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KSqnK_9WRA

First Tuesday: Four Hours In My Laihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VFxPNdBXpspart 1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7ESAvk2tVspart 2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv5JJDQ4DfEpart 3

BBC Documentary on Iraq Warhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AKnu8upe4Q

Northern Ireland:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcS2LBx3nZ4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-LzeZGd12o

Al Qaeda: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Agi0UUO4Jog

Terror From Within (1995 Oklahoma Bombing Documentary)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT5PS_cIjgo

Truth of the LTTE - Full Documentaryhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDMAh9flF9E

Chechen War Beslan (2006)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zslPUpLkvDs

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empire+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8Bhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empire+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8Bhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empire+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8Bhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empire+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8Bhttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vz709_bbc-empire-warriors-2of4-the-jewish-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vz709_bbc-empire-warriors-2of4-the-jewish-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vz709_bbc-empire-warriors-2of4-the-jewish-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzxfe_bbc-empire-warriors-3of4-the-intelligence-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzxfe_bbc-empire-warriors-3of4-the-intelligence-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzxfe_bbc-empire-warriors-3of4-the-intelligence-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzbvq_bbc-empire-warriors-4of4-the-hunt-for-kimathi_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzbvq_bbc-empire-warriors-4of4-the-hunt-for-kimathi_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzbvq_bbc-empire-warriors-4of4-the-hunt-for-kimathi_shortfilmshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThcAPtAA0echttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThcAPtAA0echttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aPCcC6tSUQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aPCcC6tSUQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHO-WiiZba0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHO-WiiZba0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KSqnK_9WRAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KSqnK_9WRAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VFxPNdBXpshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VFxPNdBXpshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7ESAvk2tVshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7ESAvk2tVshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv5JJDQ4DfEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv5JJDQ4DfEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AKnu8upe4Qhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AKnu8upe4Qhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcS2LBx3nZ4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcS2LBx3nZ4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcS2LBx3nZ4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-LzeZGd12ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-LzeZGd12ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Agi0UUO4Joghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Agi0UUO4Joghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT5PS_cIjgohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT5PS_cIjgohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDMAh9flF9Ehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDMAh9flF9Ehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zslPUpLkvDshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zslPUpLkvDshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zslPUpLkvDshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDMAh9flF9Ehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT5PS_cIjgohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Agi0UUO4Joghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-LzeZGd12ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcS2LBx3nZ4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AKnu8upe4Qhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv5JJDQ4DfEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7ESAvk2tVshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VFxPNdBXpshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KSqnK_9WRAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHO-WiiZba0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aPCcC6tSUQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThcAPtAA0echttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzbvq_bbc-empire-warriors-4of4-the-hunt-for-kimathi_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzbvq_bbc-empire-warriors-4of4-the-hunt-for-kimathi_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzxfe_bbc-empire-warriors-3of4-the-intelligence-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vzxfe_bbc-empire-warriors-3of4-the-intelligence-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vz709_bbc-empire-warriors-2of4-the-jewish-war_shortfilmshttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1vz709_bbc-empire-warriors-2of4-the-jewish-war_shortfilmshttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empire+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8Bhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empire+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8Bhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+empire+warriors&qpvt=bbc+empire+warriors&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=5411893394F4A4A3BD8B5411893394F4A4A3BD8B

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Afghanistan- Battle of Qala-I-Jangi 2002https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMstzQQIgJw

REEL BAD ARABS: How Hollywood Vilifies a People

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKD3CnPJNOE

Private Military Companies- Shadow Companyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf80zCnl8Do

Humanitarian Intervention in Sierra Leonehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dp7Q018O6s4

Genocide in Srebrenica 1995https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fliw801iX84

GHOSTS OF ABU GHRAIB Documentaryhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcGMsfs5Kt4

Torture: The Guantanamo Guidebookhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCUzHnVeI10

The Devil came on horseback- The Janjaweedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MX1Wm1jo5-c

Darfur Dilemma Sudanhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfUHHEiOKeI

The Arab Awakening - Death of Fearhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8_4OzV8DLw

What Really Happens in Iraq. WARNING VERY GRAPHIC IMAGES! (BEWARNED!)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n233Vyi21Vg

The Islamic State (Full Length)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUjHb4C7b94

The Battle for Iraq: Shia Militias vs. the Islamic Statehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pEZcCJIKkg

The Trident Missile System - Modern High Tech Weapons - Full Documentaryhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj7Q1Z83pFA

Fault Lines - Deadly Force: Arming America's Policehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vciY_1e8n2o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMstzQQIgJwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMstzQQIgJwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKD3CnPJNOEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKD3CnPJNOEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf80zCnl8Dohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf80zCnl8Dohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dp7Q018O6s4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dp7Q018O6s4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fliw801iX84https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fliw801iX84https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcGMsfs5Kt4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcGMsfs5Kt4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCUzHnVeI10https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCUzHnVeI10https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MX1Wm1jo5-chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MX1Wm1jo5-chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfUHHEiOKeIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfUHHEiOKeIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8_4OzV8DLwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8_4OzV8DLwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n233Vyi21Vghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n233Vyi21Vghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n233Vyi21Vghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUjHb4C7b94https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUjHb4C7b94https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pEZcCJIKkghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pEZcCJIKkghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj7Q1Z83pFAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj7Q1Z83pFAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vciY_1e8n2ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vciY_1e8n2ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vciY_1e8n2ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj7Q1Z83pFAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pEZcCJIKkghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUjHb4C7b94https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n233Vyi21Vghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8_4OzV8DLwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfUHHEiOKeIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MX1Wm1jo5-chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCUzHnVeI10https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcGMsfs5Kt4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fliw801iX84https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dp7Q018O6s4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf80zCnl8Dohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKD3CnPJNOEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMstzQQIgJw

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COMBAT FILMS & RESEARCH DOCUMENTARIES

Operation Anaconda

Summary tbc

Virgin Soldiers

With unprecedented access, award winning filmmaker Dodge Billingsley tells the story ofIndia Company 3rd Battalion, 7th Marine regiment, crack U.S. frontline troops in Iraq. With

some as young as 19, the invasion of Iraq was the first time any of them had actually beensent into combat. Experience a day in the life of these young men as they play a vital role in

the liberation of Iraq. With remarkable battle footage, Virgin Soldiers reveals the true story of

men who fought their way into the heart of Baghdad. "I have never seen a more accurateportrayal of war than Virgin Soldiers. The documentary's greatest strength is showing the

perspective of war as lived by our junior enlisted Marines." - Captain Jeff Pool, Public AffairsOfficer for the 2nd Marine Division

"With unprecedented access to US troops during the war in Iraq, Billingsley documented amonth of fear, doubt, frustration and boredom as India Company made its way towards

Baghdad. He captured a picture of what life was really like for frontline soldiers, many of them

very young and in combat for the first time - who fought their way into the heart of the city.

Judges Comment: You can feel that the soldiers trusted him, which makes it one cut aboveother features of embedded journalists. Technically outstanding."

Fog & Friction

War is complicated and has always been so. From Clausewitz, to Jomini to the think-tank ofthe twentieth century, the military thinker has struggled with the concepts of Fog and Friction.Today friendly-fire incidents, collateral damage, and plans that fall apart under the stress ofcombat seem unavoidable. Marines from 3rd Battalion 7 Marine Regiment prepare to crossinto Iraq during the race for Baghdad, unsure of the enemys strength amidst a number ofconfusing signals. Later, Marines and soldiers from 1st Battalion of the 187th Combat Brigadefind themselves on the outskirts of Baghdad, facing a determined enemy conductingoperations from a complex urban landscape. In another part of the world, the pilots andgunners of Bravo Company Apaches take heavy fire requiring them to improvise new tacticsad hoc during Operation Anaconda in eastern Afghanistan. So too, the war reporter in bothAfghanistan and Iraq also struggles to make sense of his experience, to convey the story of

war, often without the operational knowledge that soldiers receive. Fog and Friction seeks toadd clarity to confusion by examining war today as it is fought and reported.

Swift & Company K: 3/25 Marines Engage in West Africa

On November 10, 2003 members of Kilo Company 3rd Battalion 25th Marine Regiment flewto West Africa to participate in joint training with local military forces in the countries of Ghana,The Gambia, and Senegal. Swift and Company K follows Kilo Company 3/25 Marines as they

interact for the first time with their West African counterparts. As one of only three reserve

infantry battalions not activated for deployment since September 11, 2001, this is the unit'sfirst overseas deployment, consisting of a variety of missions including joint patrol, helo

insertions, live-fire exercises with multiple weapons, riverine operations, and amphibious

landings. In the context of increased global security concerns, Kilo Company's mission toAfrica also marks an increasing US interest in Africa. It also gave the Marines a chance to

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engage one-to-one with West African soldiers at a time when stereotypes of Africa, Muslims,Christians, and Americans are hazy at best.

Fault Lines and Pipelines

The beautiful and historic Caucasus Mountains are home to three major conflicts in the formerSoviet Union, Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and Chechnya, and multiple minor struggles.

Corruption is rampant and coups, random killing and kidnappings are so prevalent thatforeigners in Georgia's capitol Tbilisi are warned not to walk after dark in its most affluentdistrict, Rustaveli, more commonly referred to as the "red zone". Intertwined in this convoluted

political and geographic landscape is a significant portion of the world's known oil reserves.The Caspian Sea basin boasts great fields of crude and natural gas with one major caveat-there is no accessible sea route to get the precious energy sources to the world market.

Pipelines, constantly under sabotage, exist running east to west through the Caucasusvalleys to the Black sea, while a more aggressive international pipeline project spanning theregion is in various stages of planning and preparation. The Baku-Ceyhan pipeline will skirt

four regional wars and numerous ethnic enclaves where war can break out at any moment.

Fault Lines and Pipelines examines this intriguing yet treacherous region in the context for asecure pipeline route.

Chechnya: A look ins ide Chechnyas Warrior Culture

Chechnya: Separatism or Jihad? examines the nature of Islam in the ongoing Chechen

conflict. In early 1995, numerous foreign mujahadeen arrived in Chechnya to assist the

separatist movement, and there have been foreigners there ever since. Their contribution onthe battlefield and their influence in the political situation within the Chechen resistance is not

clear and has often been politically manipulated by all sides in the conflict. More disturbing,four large-scale hostage taking raids into Russia in the past decade, Budyonnovsk (1995),

Kizlar (1996), Moscow Theater (2002) and Beslan (2004), now referred to as "spectaculars,"seem to run parallel to the radicalization of the conflict and serve as a chronological timelinefor the story and illustrate an evolution and escalation of militant Chechen tactics. Chechnya:Separatism or Jihad? explores the larger question of wether or not the Chechen

independence movement has been hijacked by militant islam.

Arms Bazaar

War is complicated and has always been so. From Clausewitz, to Jomini to the think-tank ofthe twentieth century, the military thinker has struggled with the concepts of Fog and Friction.Today friendly-fire incidents, collateral damage, and plans that fall apart under the stress ofcombat seem unavoidable. Marines from 3rd Battalion 7 Marine Regiment prepare to crossinto Iraq during the race for Baghdad, unsure of the enemys strength amidst a number ofconfusing signals. Later, Marines and soldiers from 1st Battalion of the 187th Combat Brigadefind themselves on the outskirts of Baghdad, facing a determined enemy conductingoperations from a complex urban landscape. In another part of the world, the pilots andgunners of Bravo Company Apaches take heavy fire requiring them to improvise new tacticsad hoc during Operation Anaconda in eastern Afghanistan. So too, the war reporter in bothAfghanistan and Iraq also struggles to make sense of his experience, to convey the story ofwar, often without the operational knowledge that soldiers receive. Fog and Friction seeks toadd clarity to confusion by examining war today as it is fought and reported.

Unfortunate Brothers: The Dilemmas of Korean Unification

Shot over the course of three years, Unfortunate Brothers: Korea's Reunification Dilemma

seeks to explore these issues by following Mr. Lee, a North Korean defector trying to adjust tolife in his newly adopted South Korean homeland. Through Mr. Lee's intensely personal

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account of his journey from North Korea, as well as expert interviews, the film tries to unravelthe riddle of Korean unification and promote deeper understanding of two countries many of

us know little about. The Beyond the Border series is a collection of documentary filmscovering conflict, geography, politics, history and current affairs. Produced by Combat Films &

Research for the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies at Brigham Young

University, the series examines events, trends and stories from around the world with anemphasis on international relations.

Immortal Fortress

Award winning Immortal fortress takes the viewer on a dangerous behind-the-scenes journeyinto Chechnya, exploring the tiny mountain republic's war-driven culture whil searching for itsmost prolific warrior, Shamil Basayev. After centuries of blood feuds and resistance to all

foreign occupiers, the warrior cult defines Chechen society. Ideally every Chechen man is firsta warrior. Shamil Basayev personifies this warrior spirit. to Russia and the west he is aterrorist, but to man in Chechnya a hero. The surprise attack on the Russian city

of Budyonnovsk in 1995 and the invasion of Dagestan in 1999 have given him international

attention and brought Russia back to the battlefield. Immortal fortress is a riveting look behindthe scenes of one of the world's most controversial men and least understood cultures. Itanswers the broader question of why Shamil Basayev and thousands of other Chechens fight."The wild west may be gone but there are still a few places on the planet were everyday

events are larger than life. One such place is Chechnya, where Dodge Billingsley went toshoot a documentary on the region. the result is on of those rare films that its you in the gut,but makes you a bit more informed at the same time. these people come from a different

culture, and the voices and images enable you to connect with it. Not necessarily agree withit, but certainly understand the Chechen thought process. It's not fiction, but fact, and

compellingly presented fact at that." -Jim Dunnigan (Author of "How to Make War" and "A QukDirty Guide to War")

Helen Foster Snow: Witness to Revolut ion

Summary tbc

Masses to Masses: An artist in Maos China

What happens to the individual artist when culture becomes a tool of government? From theMasses to the Masses is the story of Jin Zhilin, a Chinese artist whose career was altered

dramatically by the currents that shaped Communist China. Jin responded to Mao Zedong's

call for artists to learn from the masses and create for the masses. But after Mao launchedthe Cultural Revolution in 1966 to purge China's intellectuals and those he deemed

insufficiently "red," Jin found himself on the wrong side of the new artistic mandate and wasimprisoned. Sent to Yan'an upon his release, Jin was finally able to pursue his lifelongpassion: to learn from the masses, in this case the traditional artists of Yan'an. With his

students, Song Ruxin, Feng Shanyun, and Chen Shanqiao, he spent the next seven yearscapturing his life and history of the revolutionary capital using oil, watercolor and woodblock

prints. From the Masses to the Masses features original art, restored and preserved, and

interviews with the artists to document the hardships and dreams of artists during thisimportant watershed period in modern Chinese history.

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Ukraine Sonata

As the shadow of soviet control slipped away from the former satellite states, Ukrainestepped forward and declared its independence. free of Moscow's grip, hone is the statefunding that supported the arts. Music is an abandoned program. Once a source of great

pride and honor for the former Soviet Republics, many formerly celebrated musicians arenow destitute. Young students of music have an uncertain future. The spiritual repressionof the Soviet era, ironically, inspired creative genius and stands in marked contrast to thestate of music today in Ukraine. As communism collapsed, a surge of nationalismemerged in the light of freedom as the population and musicians alike searched for aheritage from a history dominated by Russia. Ukraine Sonata looks at the years before,during, and after the great "Perestroika" of the Soviet Union and how the IndependentRepublic of Ukraine is negotiating the changes on a musical level.

Global Car

Global Car examines globalization by exploring the dynamics of the automotive global supply

chain. The car is a symbol of American ingenuity and technological progress. Beyond that, itis a symbol of the American psyche. But there's probably not truly an American car that's built

anymore. Consumers often do not appreciate how much their lifestyle depends on globalnetworks of goods and services. Trade balance, domestic content, off-shoring, outsourcing -

what do these things mean to the average American? By looking at one vehicle - the DodgeRam pickup - and tracing the origins of its component parts from all over the world, a symbolof the world economy appears, and it is in your garage.

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Recommended Fictional Books

Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee in the Court of King Arthur forunderstanding the catastrophic problems of regime change and state building.A Yankee engineer from Connecticut is accidentally transported back in timeto the court of King Arthur, where he fools the inhabitants of that time intothinking he is a magicianand soon uses his knowledge of moderntechnology to become a "magician" in earnest, stunning the English of theEarly Middle Ages with such feats as demolitions, fireworks and the shoringup of a holy well. He attempts to modernize the past, but in the end he isunable to prevent the death of Arthur and an interdict against him by theCatholic Church of the time, which grows fearful of his power.

Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of Courageexcellent for how war shattersromantic illusions very quickly. Taking place during the American Civil War,

the story is about a young Private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, whoflees from the field of battle. Overcome with shame, he longs for a wound, a"red badge of courage," to counteract his cowardice. When his regiment onceagain faces the enemy, Henry acts as standard bearer.

Frederick Manning Her Privates We for a different take on WW1 from theEnglish war poets - why even the bloodiest of wars do not always appearmeaningless for the participants. Set during the Battle of the Somme and toldfrom the perspective of an ordinary private.

Tolstoy Hadji Muratfor the encounter between the western and non-western

worlds. Set in the 19th

Century in the Caucasus, the protagonist is HadjiMurat, an Avar rebel commander who, for reasons of personal revenge,forges an uneasy alliance with the Russians he had been fighting.

Norman Mailer, The Naked and the Dead is a 1948 novel based on hisexperiences with the 112thCavalry Regiment during the Philippines Campaignin World War II. The book is interesting for exploring how 20thCentury warsproduced the 'big' issues and ideas that the War on Terror doesn't.

Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried for the realities of asymmetricalwarfare. The protagonist, who is named Tim OBrien, begins by describing an

event that occurred in the middle of his Vietnam experience. The ThingsThey Carried catalogs the variety of things his fellow soldiers in the AlphaCompany brought on their missions. Several of these things are intangible,including guilt and fear, while others are specific physical objects, includingmatches, morphine, M-16 rifles, and M&Ms candy.

Don Delillos short story Human Moments in World War 3for the realities ofdrone warfare. A first person story told by an astronaut, in orbit around theEarth, accompanied by Vollmer, in which they both discover the humanmoments while a non-nuclear WWIII rages down below.

Most of these works are discussed in my book Men at War: what f iction tellsus about conflict f rom the Iliad to Catch-22(Hurst 2014)

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STRATEGIC THEORY

The term strategy must be one of the most commonly used terms in publicdiscourse. It is employed to refer to anything from state policy to personalchoices. Yet, few appreciate what this term really is, and what it implies as asystem of inquiry. In fact, I have rarely been called upon to state what it is thatexplicitly underpins a strategic theory approach to the study of socialphenomena.

The notion of strategic theory as a method of analysis has slowly, over thecourse of 40 years, permeated the domain of international relations andpolitical studies via the work of those like Thomas Schelling and Colin Gray

classic strategic theorists and has been increasingly used andacknowledged as a tool to assist in the comprehension of decision making.One of the best statements of the utility of strategic theory has been given byHarry Yarger: Strategic theory opens the mind to all the possibilities andforces at play, prompting us to consider the costs and risks of our decisionsand weigh the consequences of those of our adversaries, allies, and others.

In essence, strategic theory is the study of correlations between ends andmeans, including the use, or threat of use, of armed force as a consciouschoice of political actors who are intent on rationally pursuing their objectives

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Strategic Thinking & The Changing Character of War

One day in the summer of 1945 at 08.15, the 29 year old Tsutomu Yamaguchi was walking

towards the dockyards in Hiroshima where he worked as a draftsman designing oil tankers for

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. His three-month secondment to the shipyard was due to end the

morning the Americans dropped the first atomic bombs. The bomber was the Enola Gay, so

named after the pilots mother and the baby in her belly nicknamed Little Boy weighted more

than 40 tonnes. It took one minute to reach the target. Almost instantly a fireball expanded

into a mushroom cloud. The picture of the cloud snapped by the military photographer

George Caron is one of the most iconic photographs ever taken. Yamaguchi was unlucky.

He fled to his home two days walk from the city. He arrived in Nagasaki just in time to

experience the second bomb.

The Pacific War was so far the only atomic war weve experienced. But conventional war was

bad enough. Twenty-seven million Russians alone died during 1941-5. Earlier still, in one

days battle on the Somme in 1916, 20,000 British soldiers were killed. If that was a

percentage of the present US population, the figure would be 280,000.

Wars now involve much reduced expenditure of human capital and correspondingly less

material damage. Precision guided munitions enable more accurate targeting. Public news

media demands minimum collateral damage. Wars are no longer fought about ideas and

ideologies but about interests, and even more, the management of risks. What we are

witnessing is a clash of cultural styles between a post-modern world (the West) and the

modern one and both employ violence very differently.

LECTURE

Bauman, Zygmunt, 'Reconnaissance Wars of the Planetary Frontland'. Theory, Culture andSociety 19, no. 4 (2002) orhttp://tcs.sagepub.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/content/19/4/81.full.pdf+html

Creveld, Martin Van, The Changing Face of War: Lessons of Combat, from the Marne to Iraq(New York: Ballentine Books, 2006).D431 V21

Coker, Christopher, The Warrior Ethos : Military Culture and the War on Terror New York, NY:

Routledge, 2007.U21.2 C68

Edmunds, Timothy, 'WhatArethe Armed Forces For? The Changing Nature of Militaries inEurope'. International Affairs 82, no. 6 (2006): 1059-75. JX1 orhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00588.x

Freedman, Lawrence, 'The Age of Liberal Wars'. Review of International Studies 31 (2005)Supplement S1.93-107. JX1 or

Hillman, James. A Terrible Love of War. Penguin. London 2004. Chapter 1, pp. 1-42 U21.2

H65 or epack

https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_41226.pdfLaidi, Zaki, A World without Meaning: The Crisis of Meaning in International Politics.

Translated by June Burnham and Jenny Coulon(London: Routledge, 1998).D860L18 and online via:https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219453

Smith, Rupert, The Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World (London: Allen Lane,2005).U27 S65

http://tcs.sagepub.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/content/19/4/81.full.pdf+htmlhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807142342&PID=k0pL7wTaHaWOJsj8lEy6ObqJh6Z&SA=D431+V21http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807142222&PID=zn-dDdnFyEPBSHMylgiQ0Q4QE3&SA=U21.2+C68http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00588.xhttp://journals.cambridge.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/action/displayIssue?jid=RIS&volumeId=31&seriesId=0&issueId=S1https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_41226.pdfhttps://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_41226.pdfhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143517&PID=fGD5WSHFSzPsTfSrYu0Eloftqc&SA=D860+L18http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143517&PID=fGD5WSHFSzPsTfSrYu0Eloftqc&SA=D860+L18https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219453http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143923&PID=aXNd4erfequx-yYFeCo2RwhHNa&SA=U27+S65http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143923&PID=aXNd4erfequx-yYFeCo2RwhHNa&SA=U27+S65https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219453http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143517&PID=fGD5WSHFSzPsTfSrYu0Eloftqc&SA=D860+L18http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807143517&PID=fGD5WSHFSzPsTfSrYu0Eloftqc&SA=D860+L18https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_41226.pdfhttp://journals.cambridge.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/action/displayIssue?jid=RIS&volumeId=31&seriesId=0&issueId=S1http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00588.xhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807142222&PID=zn-dDdnFyEPBSHMylgiQ0Q4QE3&SA=U21.2+C68http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807142342&PID=k0pL7wTaHaWOJsj8lEy6ObqJh6Z&SA=D431+V21http://tcs.sagepub.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/content/19/4/81.full.pdf+html

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CLASS

QUESTION: How has the character of war changed since 1815?

The Changing Character of War

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGIsrM9pZrc

Top 10 Bloodiest Wars of the Last Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_Z67hjsi0s

Iraq Explained -- ISIS, Syria and War

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQPlREDW-Ro

Is War Over? A Paradox Explained

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbuUW9i-mHs

NEED TO KNOW | The ghost city: Inside Mogadishu, Somalia | PBShttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xv72Hh-9Fh0

Crime and Violence in Central America

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6DfQ11b5EM

Is crime in South Africa worse since Apartheid?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xteF2DVCCvQ

Thinking about war: ClausewitzThe two classic writers Sun Tzu and Clausewitz have done more than any other to shapewestern strategic thinking. It is often argued that strategy transcends both the time in which itis formulated and the culture from within which it emerges. There may be societies that donot think strategically, but they are not important ones. Tribes dont think in terms of strategicchoices but all states do which is why the writing of the oldest strategic writer, Sun Tzu, istimeless.

And it is interesting that months before the last Gulf War the US distributed 100,000 books toits forces in the Gulf, among them The Art of War. The force commander, General TommyFranks, could quote much of Sun Tzu by heart. The notion of attacking the enemypsychologically without firing a shot is attributed to Colonel John Boyd, an American tacticianwhom Donald Rumsfeld calls the most influential military thinker since Sun Tzu.

Does Sun Tzus importance in the modern American military bear out Michael Handels beliefthat there is no truth to the prevailing contention that both Clausewitz and Sun Tzu epitomiseopposing culture-bound approaches to the study and conduct of war?

But the very first man to write about war, Thucydides, has still much to tell us, particularlyabout wars paradoxical nature. It is said that when he was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff Colin Powell used to display a quote on his desk from Thucydides History: Of allexercises of power, restraint is the greatest. It was at the heart of what came to be known asthe Powell Doctrine. Thucydides, as it happened, never said it, but he came near to saying itin the sixth book of his History, putting the words into the mouth of an Athenian general,Nicias. It is an illustration of Thucydides famous irony: life, and particularly war, is full ofparadoxes. Once used, military power can diminish very rapidly.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGIsrM9pZrchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGIsrM9pZrchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_Z67hjsi0shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_Z67hjsi0shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQPlREDW-Rohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQPlREDW-Rohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbuUW9i-mHshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbuUW9i-mHshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xv72Hh-9Fh0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xv72Hh-9Fh0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6DfQ11b5EMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6DfQ11b5EMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xteF2DVCCvQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xteF2DVCCvQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xteF2DVCCvQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6DfQ11b5EMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xv72Hh-9Fh0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbuUW9i-mHshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQPlREDW-Rohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_Z67hjsi0shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGIsrM9pZrc

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I shall argue in this lecture that although strategy is indeed culture bound, the strategicthinking of both writers must be located in a cultural context: a distinctive Chinese, andwestern way of thinking about war. One is holistic, the other dialectical. It is only byunderstanding the cultural and philosophical presuppositions of both books that one cangrasp the importance of what their authors are saying.

LECTURE

Clausewitz, Carl von, On War (trans) Michael Howard/Peter Paret, Princeton UniversityPress, 1976 [avoid the Penguin edition with the Introduction by Anatol Rapoport] U102 C61

Gardner, N, Resurrecting the Icon: The Enduring Relevance of Clausewitzs On War,

Strategic Studies Quarterly, Spring 2009

http://www.au.af.mil.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/au/ssq/2009/Spring/Gardner.pdf

Heuser, Beatrice, Reading Clausewitz, Blackwell, 2002. U55.C6 H59. Chapter 8 in epack:

https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16324.pdf

Holmes, Terence, Planning versus Chaos in Clausewitzs On War, Journal of StrategicStudies, 30:1, February 2007

Meilinger, Philip, Restoring balance to the influence of Clausewitz, Strategic StudiesQuarterly, 1:1 Fall 2007 http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2007/Fall/Meilinger.pdf

Paret, Peter, Clausewitz in his time: essays in the cultural and intellectual history of thinkingabout war, (Berghahn books 2015)

Stoker, Donald, Clausewitz: his life and work, OUP 2014

Strachan, H Clausewitz in the twenty-first century Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007

U102.C6643 C61 and electronic resource:

http://www.oxfordscholarship.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/97

80199232024.001.0001/acprof-9780199232024

Schuurman, Bart, Clausewitz and New War School, Parameters, 40:1, Spring 2010

http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/Articles/2010spring/40-1-

2010_schuurman.pdf

CLASS

QUESTION: Can we find contemporary examples of the centre ofgravity; the fog of war; moral forces; and clash of wil ls?

Stone, John, Clausewitzs Trinity and Contemporary Conflict, Civil Wars 9 (2007), 282-96

Honig, Jan Willem, Interpreting Clausewitz, Security Studies 3:3 Spring 1994D31

https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636419409347562

Joint Vision 2020

http://www.fraw.org.uk/files/peace/us_dod_2000.pdf

http://www.au.af.mil.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/au/ssq/2009/Spring/Gardner.pdfhttps://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16324.pdfhttp://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2007/Fall/Meilinger.pdfhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807144433&PID=k9xU8cFwG0BP5tpRChP3J-3xJwz&SA=U102.C6643+C61http://www.oxfordscholarship.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232024.001.0001/acprof-9780199232024http://www.oxfordscholarship.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232024.001.0001/acprof-9780199232024http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/Articles/2010spring/40-1-2010_schuurman.pdfhttp://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/Articles/2010spring/40-1-2010_schuurman.pdfhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080812151540&PID=ka5mIVyMeC8dnBQ1qSHeWKdRGwD4&SA=D31https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636419409347562https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636419409347562http://www.fraw.org.uk/files/peace/us_dod_2000.pdfhttp://www.fraw.org.uk/files/peace/us_dod_2000.pdfhttp://www.fraw.org.uk/files/peace/us_dod_2000.pdfhttps://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636419409347562http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080812151540&PID=ka5mIVyMeC8dnBQ1qSHeWKdRGwD4&SA=D31http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/Articles/2010spring/40-1-2010_schuurman.pdfhttp://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/Articles/2010spring/40-1-2010_schuurman.pdfhttp://www.oxfordscholarship.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232024.001.0001/acprof-9780199232024http://www.oxfordscholarship.com.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232024.001.0001/acprof-9780199232024http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080807144433&PID=k9xU8cFwG0BP5tpRChP3J-3xJwz&SA=U102.C6643+C61http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2007/Fall/Meilinger.pdfhttps://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16324.pdfhttp://www.au.af.mil.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/au/ssq/2009/Spring/Gardner.pdf

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Joint Vision 2020 Emphasizes Full-spectrum Dominance

http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=45289

Clausewitz and Contemporary War

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otJp3Qt7Vuw

USAWC expert discusses Clausewitz

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSF_UtEWnCg

Donald Stoker | Clausewitz: His Life and Work

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8K312sz9to

Thinking about Thucydides & Sun Tzu

LECTURE

Bartley, C M, (2005) The Art of Terrorism: What Sun Tzu can teach us about International

Terrorism, Comparative Strategy, 24(3), July-August, pp237-251. Available online

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=18448840&site=eho

st-live

Berkowitz, B, (2003) John Boyd: The America Sun Tzu, Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs,

47(2), Spring, pp370-5. JX1 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4387(03)00012-7

Coker, C, (2003) What would Sun Tzu say about the war on terrorism?, RUSI Journal, Vol

148:1, February, pp 16-19. Available online at:

http://dx.doi.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/10.1080/03071840308446848

Connor, W. Robert, Thucydides, Princeton University Press, 1985

http://quod.lib.umich.edu.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/cgi/t/text/text-

idx?c=acls;idno=heb01431

Grinter, L, Cultural and Historical Influences on conflict in Sinic Asia: China, Japan and

Vietnam in Blank, S (ed), Conflict and Culture in History, Washington, 1993

Orwin, Clifford, The Humanity of Thucydides, Princeton University Press, 1994 DF229.T6

O71

Platias, Athanassios and Koliopoulos, Constantinos Thucydides on Strategy: GrandStrategies in the Peloponnesian War and their relevance today, Hurst, 2010 NOT IN

BLPES

Strassler, Robert Landmark Thucydides New York: Free Press, 1998, DF229.T55 T53

Sun Tzu, The Art of War (many editions) UNESCO (326) [REC]

Wee, C H, (Trans and Commentary), (2003) Sun Zi Art of War: An Illustrated Translation with

Asian Perspectives and Insights, Singapore: Prentice Hall

Yuen, Derek, Deciphering Sun Tzu (Hurst 2014)

http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=45289http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=45289https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otJp3Qt7Vuwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otJp3Qt7Vuwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSF_UtEWnCghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSF_UtEWnCghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8K312sz9tohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8K312sz9tohttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=18448840&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=18448840&site=ehost-livehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4387(03)00012-7http://dx.doi.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/10.1080/03071840308446848http://quod.lib.umich.edu.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01431http://quod.lib.umich.edu.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01431http://quod.lib.umich.edu.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01431http://quod.lib.umich.edu.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01431http://dx.doi.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/10.1080/03071840308446848http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4387(03)00012-7http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=18448840&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=18448840&site=ehost-livehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8K312sz9tohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSF_UtEWnCghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otJp3Qt7Vuwhttp://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=45289

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CLASS

QUESTION: Can we apply an analysis based on the ideas of Thucydidesand Sun Tzu to the invasion of Iraq in 2003?.

Lebow, Richard Ned, The Tragic Vision of Politics, Cambridge University Press, 2003,UA10.5 L44 or online at:

https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1273559

McCready, D M, (Chaplain/Colonel, US Army Reserve), (2003) Learning from Sun Tzu,

Parameters, May-June, pp85-88.http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/

Peloponnesian War and Thucydides

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfYvXXxz_hU

Thucydides: A Master Historianhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x3Ii1diRPI

Sun Tsu - The Art of War

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMNaULHLH9c

The Art of War, By Sun Tzu. Chapter 1 Modern Interpretation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dcAUYozdmI

The End of War?

A few years ago at the height of the war in Bosnia, General Slavko Lisica tried to shame Serbconscripts in Croatia into fighting by declaring that all those that are not prepared to defendthe glory of the Serbian nation should lay down their arms and take off their uniforms. To hisastonishment, they all did, including their commanding officer. Furious, he shouted at them toremove everything, including their underpants, and with the exception of one man, theyremoved everything and marched off completely naked. Later the recruits managed tocommandeer a cannon and used it to shell Lisicas headquarters. Elsewhere, back in Serbiaitself, young men mainly reacted by determined draft dodging.

From such stories writers such as John Mueller have deduced that war is coming to an end,even if warfare is not. We were inundated at the end of the twentieth century with books

promising the end of art, the end of nature, the end of science, and the end of history.Foucault famously even predicted the end of Man. It is possible to write a book about the endof war? Mueller has. This lecture will explain that although modern states may be structurallyunfit for war, war retains its iron grip on culture. It is a self-replicating pattern of behaviour, aself-reproducing cultural activity. And it appears to be one of the most robust culturalactivities of all. War still has a future.

LECTURE

Clarke, M, Does War Have A Future in Lindley-French, J and Boyer, Y (eds) The Oxford

Handbook of War, Oxford University Press, 2012

https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1273559https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1273559http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parametershttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfYvXXxz_hUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfYvXXxz_hUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x3Ii1diRPIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x3Ii1diRPIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMNaULHLH9chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMNaULHLH9chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dcAUYozdmIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dcAUYozdmIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dcAUYozdmIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMNaULHLH9chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x3Ii1diRPIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfYvXXxz_hUhttp://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parametershttps://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1273559

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Coker, Christopher, The Future of War : The Re-Enchantment of War in the Twenty-First

Century, Blackwell Manifestos Malden, MA ; Oxford, Eng.: Blackwell Pub., 2004.

U21.2 C68 and online at: https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1210236

Horgan, John The End of War, McSweeney Books: San Francisco 2012 [NOT in BPLES]

Hedges, Chris. War Is a Force that Gives Us Meaning. 2002. Public Affairs, NY. PerseusBooks Group. 210 pages. Chapter 1: The Myth of War, pp. 19-42 and epack:

https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_19669.pdf

Mandelbaum, Michael, Is Major War Obsolete? Survival 40(4) Winter 1998-9 U162

https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/survival/40.4.20

Mueller, J, The Banality of Ethnic War International Security 25(1) Summer 2000 JX1 and

online: http://www.jstor.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/stable/2626773

Van Creveld, M, The Rise and Decline of the State, Cambridge University Press, 1999 JC11

V21 and online at:

https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497599

CLASS

QUESTION: Can war be eliminated?

Gat, Azur, Is War Declining and Why?, Journal of Peace Research 50:2 2013

Gerr, T, Ethnic Warfare on the wane, Foreign Affairs 79(3) May/June 2000 JX1 and online:

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=3008909&site=ehos

t-live

Mueller, J, War has almost ceased to exist - an assessment, Political Science Quarterly

124:2, 2009

John Horgan: The End of War?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM6rvequsz4

The Evolution of a Global Peace Systemhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1HMRAZNQd8

http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825142725&PID=IkvPpZo8IX7nEHqc4Y8BFNHb-mm2&SA=U21.2+C68https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1210236https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_19669.pdfhttps://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/survival/40.4.20http://www.jstor.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/stable/2626773https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497599http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=3008909&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=3008909&site=ehost-livehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM6rvequsz4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM6rvequsz4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1HMRAZNQd8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1HMRAZNQd8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1HMRAZNQd8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM6rvequsz4http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=3008909&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=3008909&site=ehost-livehttps://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497599http://www.jstor.org.gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/stable/2626773https://gate2.library.lse.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/survival/40.4.20https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_19669.pdfhttps://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1210236http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825142725&PID=IkvPpZo8IX7nEHqc4Y8BFNHb-mm2&SA=U21.2+C68

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STRATEGIC CULTURE

According to Hudson, constructivism views culture as an evolving system ofshared meaning that governs perceptions, communications, andactions...Culture shapes practice in both the short and long term. At themoment of action, culture provides the elements of grammar that define thesituation, that reveal motives, and that set forth a strategy for success.

Cultural approaches to strategic studies have existed in various forms forhundreds of years. The argument that culture influences national securitypolicy is grounded in classic works, including the writings of Thucydides andSun Tzu. Clausewitz advanced these ideas by recognizing war and war-fighting strategy as a test of moral and physical forces.

The goal of strategy was much more than defeat of the enemy on the

battlefieldit was the elimination of the enemys morale. In the 20th

century,national character studies linked Japanese and German strategic choices inWorld War II to deeply rooted cultural factors. Russell Weigleys 1973 classic,The American Way of Warfare, further underlined the importance of culturalroots of strategic dispositions. Jack Snyders work on Soviet nuclear strategyduring the Cold War directed scholarly attention to the key link between

political and military culture and strategic choice.

Recent events have renewed scholarly interest in the role of culture ininternational security. Scholars and practitioners have begun to interpretchallenges like democratization in Iraq, U.S.-China trade disputes, nucleartensions with Iran, and the war on terror through the lens of national identity andculture. Contemporary scholarship claims that a focus on strategic culture offersvaluable perspective on military doctrine and critical choices such as nuclearstrategy and the use of force.

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Humane Warfare

There has been a major attempt to humanise warfare in the past 20 years. There are many

descriptions of this term: that war is now post-modern; post-heroic; virtual (or virtuous);

network-centric etc. But isnt humane warfare a contradiction in terms? Isnt all war, by

definition, inhumane? Doesnt Clausewitz tell his readers that to try and fight humanely isridiculous: that war is by nature bloody and that it is impossible to win without bloodshed?

The lecture will take further the work that I began in my book Humane Warfare (2001) and it

will use the same framework, looking at the subject in terms of three concepts (1) humanism;

(2) humane weapons systems; (3) humanitarianism.

LECTURE

Coker, C, Humane Warfare: the new ethics of post-modern war, Routledge, 2001

U21.2 C68 [SET]

Daalder, Ivo, OHanlon, Michael, Winning Ugly: NATOs War to save Kosovo, Brookings,2000 DR2087 D11 [NORM]

Ignatieff, Michael, Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond, Chatto & Windus, 2000

DR2087 I21 [NORM]

Krauthammer, Charles, The Short Unhappy Life of Humanitarian War, The National Interest,

57:4, 1999, pp5-8 E183.7

Luttwak, E, Towards a post heroic warfare, Foreign Affairs, May/June 1995 and Post heroic

military policy, Foreign Affairs, July/August 1996 JX1

McInnes, C, Spectator Sport War: the West and contemporary conflict, Lynne Rienner, 2002

U21.2 M47 [SET]

Toffler, A D, War and Anti-War, 1993 U102 T64 [1_WK]

Virilio, Paul, Pure War, Semiotext(e) 1997 U21.2 V81 [SET]

CLASS

QUESTION: How and why has the West tried to make war more

humane?

Hickery, James, Precision-guided munitions and human suffering in war,Ashgate 2012

Miller, Mark, Spectacle: Operation Desert Storm and the Triumph of Illusion, Simon &

Schuster, 1992 XX(725816.1)

Norris, Christopher, Uncritical Theory: Post-modernism, intellectuals and the Gulf War,

Lawrence & Wishart, 1994 HM101 N85 [REC]

Gulf War Highway of Death

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=gulf+war+highway+of+death&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=gulf+war+highway+of+death&sc=0-12&sp=-1&sk=&ghc=1#view=detail&mid=4E9591157DA9F76462324E9591157DA9F7646232

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USMC Venon Multi-launcherhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804C

USMC Active Denial Systemhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=USMC+ACTIVE+DENIAL+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=B5C40333D4965D23E231B5C40333D4965D23E231

BBC Psychological-Operations in Afghanistanhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4w18t5pntyI

President Clinton Policy on Humanitarian Military intervention in Somaliahttp://www.c-span.org/video/?51257-1/un-intervention-somalia

British Intervention in Sierra Leonehttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-

21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEA

War and Culture: Ways of Warfare

Eurocentrism, were told, is an abiding sin. But it persists. When Life magazine employedtwo dozen editors in September 1997 to compile a list of the 100 most important men andwomen of the last millennium, they came to the conclusion that the West had adisproportionate number of global movers and shakers. All but seventeen of the hundredwere of western origin. This, the magazine told its readers, reflected not the biases of itseditors, but the socio-political realities of the past thousand years.

Whether one agrees with this list or not, its fairly incontrovertible that the West has beensupreme in war for the past two hundred years. The thesis that there is a distinctive Westernway of war which can be traced back to the Greeks has done much to enhance the reputationboth of Victor Davis Hanson and John Keegan. Hansons book Culture and Carnage was onthe top of President Bushs reading list in 2003.

This lecture will discuss whether there is a Western way of war, and whether it is possible toendorse Hansons claim that there are military affinities across time and space in Westernwar-making that are uncanny, enduring and too often ignored. There are at least threecriticisms that have been made of the thesis. The first is that it is overly reductionisthistorically: second, that it is guilty of Orientalism; third, that it is guilty of Occidentalism. Inshort, there is no straight highway from the ancient world to modern times. Instead there are

a number of roads, some cul-de-sacs, other false turns, and some that lead nowhere.

LECTURE

Black, Jeremy, War and the Cultural Turn (Cambridge: Polity, 2012), CB481 B62

Bousquet, Antoine, The Scientific Way of Warfare: order and chaos on the battlefields of

modernity, Hurst, 2008,F8693

Buley, Benjamin, The New American Way of War: military culture and the political utility of

force, Routledge, 2007,U21.2 C68 and online at

https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219499

Coker, Christopher. Waging war without warriors? : the changing culture of military conflict.

Boulder, Colorado. : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002, Chapter 4, pp. 61 82. andepack:

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804Chttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804Chttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804Chttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804Chttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=USMC+ACTIVE+DENIAL+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=B5C40333D4965D23E231B5C40333D4965D23E231http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=USMC+ACTIVE+DENIAL+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=B5C40333D4965D23E231B5C40333D4965D23E231http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=USMC+ACTIVE+DENIAL+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=B5C40333D4965D23E231B5C40333D4965D23E231https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4w18t5pntyIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4w18t5pntyIhttp://www.c-span.org/video/?51257-1/un-intervention-somaliahttp://www.c-span.org/video/?51257-1/un-intervention-somaliahttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEAhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEAhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEAhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEAhttp://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825143747&PID=REIoARR7DWxs8CtzAnZQC2cjZie&SA=F8693http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825142725&PID=IkvPpZo8IX7nEHqc4Y8BFNHb-mm2&SA=U21.2+C68https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219499https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1219499http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825142725&PID=IkvPpZo8IX7nEHqc4Y8BFNHb-mm2&SA=U21.2+C68http://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20090825143747&PID=REIoARR7DWxs8CtzAnZQC2cjZie&SA=F8693http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEAhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEAhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=british+intervention+in+sierra+leone&qs=AS&form=QBVR&pq=british+intervention+&sc=4-21&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C23F9F7487FC511E8FEAC23F9F7487FC511E8FEAhttp://www.c-span.org/video/?51257-1/un-intervention-somaliahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4w18t5pntyIhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=USMC+ACTIVE+DENIAL+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=B5C40333D4965D23E231B5C40333D4965D23E231http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=USMC+ACTIVE+DENIAL+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=B5C40333D4965D23E231B5C40333D4965D23E231http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804Chttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804Chttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=MILITARY+non+lethal+weapons&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=military+non+lethal+weapons&sc=0-18&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ADE73299567E130D804CADE73299567E130D804C

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https://library-2.lse.ac.uk/e-lib/e_course_packs/IR305/IR305_16415.pdf

Hanson, Victor Davis, The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece,

University of California Press, 1998 U33 H25 [SET]Anthony Davis How the Taliban became a military force in William Mahey(ed)Fundamentalism Reborn: Afhghanistan and the Taliban Hurst:1998 DS371.3

CLASS

QUESTION:Is there a western way of warfare?

Echevarria, Antulio, Towards an American Way of War, Strategic Studies Institute, 2004

http://www.dtic.mil/futurejointwarfare/ideas_concepts/echeverria_american_way_of_w

ar.pdf

Porter, Patrick, Good Anthropology, Bad History: the cultural turn in studying war,

Parameters, 37:2 Summer 2007

Victor Davis Hanson in NAS Conference Keynote: "Western Culture is Unique"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KR7Bezi380w

Victor Davis Hanson: In Defense of Liberty: 3 Poisonous Ideologies Destroying the Westhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqYvJhtUe1s part 1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMdiaC-RnBs part 2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUxHz1xON74part 3https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOffaUquN5s part 4

WWII Blitzkrieg Lightning Warhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFFcxqGaTbg

Ancient Discoveries - Chinese Warfarehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9ed2pIvOEw

War and Technology

The United