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Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks

Telemetry and WSNs

24 January 2005

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Organizational

Monday  4:30-5:20 Room 4511 SC

Thursday 12:30-1:20 Room 3220 SC

Please note that the room numbers are different for Mondays and Thursdays.

Monday 5:20-6:20 Room 1126 SC

Thursday 1:30-2:30 Room 1126 SC

Other By appointment Room 523C SHL

Class Websitewww.engineering.uiowa.edu/~ece195/2005/

Class Time

Office Hours

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Review Questions• Explain how advances in MEMS have

contributed to the development of WSNs• List and briefly explain the purpose of four

building blocks of a Mote.• List and briefly explain the function of the OS

on a WSN node• Name and briefly explain a technological,

scientific, and cultural development that have contributed to the development of WSNs

• What is TinyOS?• Explain (to a non-expert) what is a mote

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Telemetry• Distance measurement

• Most often radio link

• Military

• Environmental

• Industrial (SCADA)

• Biological

• Medical

• Non-military – ISM bands

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ISM Bands• The industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)

radio bands• Originally internationally for non-commercial

use of RF. Limitations on data.• Today, commercial, Wireless LAN, Bluetooth,

IEEE 802.xx networks. No limitations on data.

• Bands– 900 MHz band (33.3 cm wavelength) – 2.4 GHz band (12.2 cm wavelength) – 5.8 GHz band (5.2 cm wavelength)

• License Free, but NOT unregulated• Often Spread Spectrum, but need not be

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Wallops Island

UAV’s

Weather

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• Datalogger • 900 MHz wireless transceiver • 1/4 wave whip antenna • Rechargeable battery • Solar panel • ~ 1.5 km LOS• 900 MHz• Water quality, temperature

CSBUOY-NS Buoy System

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Biotelemetry

• Albatross tracking

• Predatory bird tracking

• Whale tracking

• Caribou tracking

• Body composition of sea lions

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Argos Satellite System• International: CNES, NASA, NOAA

• Polar orbiting satellite

• Ground stations – Fairbanks (AK), Wallops Island (VA) &

Lannion, France

• Pre-processed by the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) in Suitland Maryland

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Argos

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Argos Applications

• Fishing Management

• Protecting Wildlife

• Ocean and Climate

• Monitoring Volcanoes

• Tracking Sailboats

• Tracking Expeditions

• Tracking Hazardous Materials

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Biotelemetry: Northern Pintail

USGS Western Ecological Research

Center Pinsat

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BiotelemetryCNES, NASA, or NOAA, polar orbiting satellite

Argos processing center

E-mail

12 gram, solar PTT from Microwave Telemetry, includes GPS

$5K per node and

operating costs

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Medical: Video Pill

24 hours to travel through body The pill's view of the stomach and intestine

Video pill & standard endoscope

• Light, video camera, transmitter• Receiver strapped on patient• Swallow

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Asset Tracking• Terminology

– Fleet tracking, Asset Tracking• Combine GPS + Radio (cell phone)• Mature: Turn-key• Marketed as a service. Companies will

– Install hardware– Deal with phone companies– Provide tracking software– Monthly charge

• Real-time tracking (high-end)• Locator services (low-end)• OnStar

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Example of an Asset Tracking Kit Web-based software

Asset Tracking Cell Modem

• Commercial Cell• GPS Interface• Robust• Extended Temperature• Vibration

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

• Oil, Telecommunications, Power industries, Municipal water systems

• GOOGLE “SCADA Software” => 60K hits

Pressure

Temperature

Flow

Levels

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Think Back -Sensor Network

Interface electronics, radio

and microcontroller

Soil moisture probe Mote

Antenna

Gateway

Server

Internet

Communications barrier

Sensor field

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Think Back -Sensor Network

Gateway

Server

Internet

Sensor fieldWatershed

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Telemetry vs. Sensor Networks• Similarities

– Wireless– Measurements, sensors, …

• Important Differences– Network vs. non-networked– Embedded intelligence (in-network

processing) vs. centralized processing– Cost– Ad Hoc vs. Specialized– New vs. Old– Genealogy (Engineering vs. CS)

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Next Time: Wireless Terms, FAQ, & Glossary