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2. Intermediate Technical JapaneseVolume 2: Glossary 3. IntermediateTechnical JapaneseVolume 2:GlossaryJames L. Davis University of Wisconsin-MadisonThe University of Wisconsin Press 4. The University ofWisconsin Press1930 Monroe Street Madison, Wisconsin 53711www. wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/ Copyright 2002 The Board of Regents ofthe University of Wisconsin SystemAll rights reserved35 42Printed in the United States ofAmericaCataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-299-18564-8 5. Table of Contents-Volume 2Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms1Lesson 1: Mathematics I (numbers and sets)7Lesson 2: Mathematics IT (matrices, variables and functions) 19Lesson 3: Mathematics ill (solutions, statistics and models) 33Lesson 4: Computer Science I (fundamentals; part I)55Lesson 5: Computer Science IT (fundamentals; part IT)71Lesson 6: Computer Science ill (applications; part I)83Lesson 7: Computer Science IV (applications; part IT)93Lesson 8: Mechanics I (pressure and vacuum) 105Lesson 9: Mechanics IT (motion and flow)123Lesson 10: Thermodynamics I (fundamentals)137Lesson 11: Thermodynamics IT (applications) 147Lesson 12: Light I (fundamentals) 155Lesson 13: Light II (wave properties) 165Lesson 14: Light III (applications) 175Lesson 15: Sound I (fundamentals) 185Lesson 16: Sound II (applications)195Lesson 17: Magnetism I (fundamentals) 205Lesson 18: Magnetism II (applications)215Lesson 19: Electricity I (fundamentals) 225Lesson 20: Electricity II (applications) .231Lesson 21: Electricity III (semiconductors and superconductors) 239Lesson 22: Electronics I (transistors and diodes) 247Lesson 23: Electronics II (other circuit elements and basic circuits) 255Lesson 24: Electronics III (ICs)261Lesson 25: Electronics IV (other circuits and devices)269Lesson 26: Signals and Signal Processing I (fundamentals) 277Lesson 27: Signals and Signal Processing II (applications)285Lesson 28: Computer Hardware I general) 295Lesson 29: Computer Hardware II (memory and recording)303Lesson 30: Polymers I (fundamentals)309Lesson 31: Polymers II (MW, DP, viscosity and processing) 319Lesson 32: Polymers ITI (properties and applications) 329Lesson 33: Materials I (ceramics; fundamentals) 341Lesson 34: Materials II (ceramics; applications)351Lesson 35: Materials III (glass, carbon and diamond)363 -v- 6. Lesson 36: Materials IV (metals) 375Lesson 37: Materials V (material processing) 389Lesson 38: Materials VI (material properties)399Lesson 39: Interdisciplinary Topics I (magnetic and electrical interactions) 407Lesson 40: Interdisciplinary Topics IT (electrochemical, biochemical and bioelectronic interactions) 415 -vi- 7. Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms0.1) connective form of a verb~BIJO)I 7 /{ YO) special~Ary(pure) number {Also read 7J) 9 to refer to a "count"}fftt }/~1existence1~0)=/10)arbitrary... ~:~tG-C... :?71 G-Cwith respect to ..., with regard to ..., for ...~fJftJ t~ fJ t~Jto be valid, to hold true, to consist oflfit~.Q?7 /t~.Q simple, mereac~:t=- :Jrysymbol~$ ~/~ryarithmetic operation, algorithm... cc7).-CJ:v) we may consider, we may view ~ .:L ry =Jry-~set, collection7t 7/ element~< 7J)< to write... 7J) Gt~~to consist of ..., to be made up of ...0.2) conjunctive form of a verbfIJr; sum, peace, harmony, JapanffF9.Q ~3ry9.Qto namet~ti. 1 Jt~ti.DC:Jonly oneJE~.Q~t!.~~ to be determined1lJ~$j{1jjJjJ/,*ryj7 commutative law*S~$j{1j * 7 Y :J~ ry ry j 7 associative law~~: I 7~:especially, in particular~~~-~tt?7~7/1T37--t1 multidimensional uniformity~JE7/71 test~~ 71~/ calculation, computation~~t~ 3 ry1 t~ easy, simplefI{PJ!L~ ~~7/A7pseudorandom number!XJ~ 7Y7/weakness, fault, shortcominggij G7J) ~: 9 ~ 3!> ~ t; 7J) ~:9 ~to clarify, to make clearfilu O)~U to desire, to wish forDD$ addition*$multiplication... ~:--=>v)-rconcerning ..., regarding ..., for ...7t~$j{rj 7"//1 ,*ryj 7distributive law~jtv17/ zero elementlfifjf:jt?7/17/ unit elementPJ~1*jJjJ/?71 commutative fieldfF.Q --=>-Camong ...-~$H1m1 YT1 //1fixed/constant range~;t~7J Iv tJ~;t ~ to consider$HimJ/1 range, span-JiJ -7-1 within, insideOO~(1):J:J(1)individual, separate7C7/ element~~3?j element~-.a*rJtJ/ inclusion~) l:::-r1negation, "NOT"-16- 23. 1 J~~*tJ:v)Dc:J~~,,< *tJ:v)does not contain even one~m~ 7 ry ~.:z. ry =Jry empty set~9Q !79Qto belong (to)mJ ~Jto possess, to havefllW~ :J..ry7/:J finite/countable numberfllWm~:J..ry7/~.:Lry::Jryfinite set~~N~b.7/:J infinite/uncountable number~~Nm~ b.7/~.:z.r):J~r) infinite set.t3J::LJ ard_$7tm~ proper subset1-8:12-iilill~2~fnB~ =t-=try 0 / 1) symbolic logica2~fnB~~=t-:J~ry0 / 1) tJ 7(the study of) symbolic logic~~At7tJ7 mathematics~G~~ all, every3timO)=t-3t7Yt70) commonfnB JJI! ~ tJ: T=t-tJ:0 / 1) logicalfmfnU A10/ reasoning, inference~~B9~2~1! A t7 tJ 7 T =t-=t- :J~ ry * t7 mathematical symbolismiJf~7/=t-.:z.ryresearchfnB~~ 0 / 1) jf7 (the study ot) logic$r~ 7~.::c / branch, field, sectorf(~rnuJJl!~ Aryl) 0 / 1) jf 7(the study of) mathematical logic~~B9fnB~~ A ry jf 7 T=t- 0 / I) tJ 7 (the study ot) mathematical logic~~B9~~~ I) 0 /T=t- 0 / I) jf 7 (the study ot) theoretical logic:f:)0).t30)0)each, every, respective~fnB1)0/ theory~fl 17:J..rycharacteristic, distinctiveJ~t1JDft~J~t ~ t) clearly, plainly, distinctly... G~ jt 9t1Jtso long as (we) at least do ...m~ ~31Jprocessing, treatment~~~7-1~/:tcomputer, calculator... m... 3r) ............ used for ...fF~"!T!Jt-1 creating, producing, drawing up tJ-1*/concept, notion, general idea :A7-1 :r:t-tJ:graphical ~~9G~bothI:!:i.In, point to regard, to consider "!T/./ left (hand) side ~/~-1 in fact, actual, practical, real fJ-1Ar)order, rank{&~: iJ~ t) ~:temporarily, provisionally, for arguments sake~~HO).be 7 /0)infinite_t)~9" < t) iJ;t 9"to repeat{&~~~~H-B}~ffi fJ t Y:r:t-.be 7 /~ ~ .:L ry ~~ / hypothetical population of infinite size~* I:: 3 r)*/ sample2.10) nounl ~ noun2 C9Q; clause + C9Qring-21- 28. ~FPJ~~ t::tJtJ/5~noncommutative fieldtt~~~:/.:I.9J7A../A9 dependent variablefi~775~falling bodyi1!tJJ 7/~7 motionElffirir :/::L77Yj] free fall~-1* 7Y51 object, body... (/) 5!>~:(with)in ...I!fII=t: 3I)distancefir7YtJfallDO)il3tjJJ7~ acceleration-)E(/) 1Y71(/) fixed, constant~Jt/ Y Jr / discovery2.11) connective form +.s ~tJ: 5to carry out repeatedly~tJJ A../~7fluctuation, variation{~~~tJ:7~9--e/T~tJ: accidental, by chance~~ 371/factorO)~ only, solely... ~: ~ C: --:5 iJ t)light~1: 1Yt1generation, production occurrence7fl~ "!T/7/scattering=t:~m~g 7V:/Y!/T/ point of discontinuity~yt}~ 1~-17/ singular point, singularity{fJ: 71A9coefficient~}J..rYx /O)OO~~ ~}~7 ~ /O)jJ /71 ~;f Boltzmann equationtlffl I/37 invoking, quoting claiming 7.I./t-ol::- entropy7t~ :J7t/light ray(tij~ tr~ direction orientation 7~t:9~ :~?f:9~to reverse., to do backwardsMm~O) ~;t;b~b(i)anterior. tovard the front~1ltqO) ? 0~ tJ~b(J) posterior, toward the back~~~ ~3rJT/focal point -23- 30. 2-1: fiJIJrT~J .:39VY matrix!I 71/ring~~PJ~-f* r:7171/~1noncommutative field~~-f*~YA9~1real number field~~~-f* 7?JAry~1complex number field... ~~i1~~v) ...~;!~l;)i1~.f:).f:)v)it often happens that ...-1:. -V3 ry on ...-00-::1 {counter for many small objects }*O)et 5 tJ: J~O)et5tJ:such as the following~1Jm 7-3ry*ry71 rectangle~1R/17-arrangement, layoutff4JJX:::1ry--e1construction, composition~7t~1J/ component, element1J5~~ et~~ to call, to name1:.~2~3ry:f-the above (mentioned)v:instance, caserPlG :t:5t~Gsame, identical, equalti~tonly, exactly~J~ number of columnsf-j~number of rows-t?9~C:if we do so, thereupon, then, so... ~:OO G-c ... ~:jJ/ G-cconcerning... , regarding ...1Jlllf jJ7~/additive group~..-.J-c Gt::,1J~..-.J-ctherefore~f-j~J!I --e/:37v~jJ/ total matrix algebra... ~ cir~~v: ... ~ c ;~.t3.t3 v:often ... , frequently ...11!{ll: IT ~j~/1:37v~ unit matrix... et?t~like ..., such as ...~fT~JV1:3ryv~zero matrix(PJG Gb9 to write out, to express in writing~-f*t3"JtJ:7~ -5-1 T:f-tJ:tangible, specific, definite11):*?~:f- mode, method, form, system~T G309 to show, to indicate~OO~ 3r)7J/A?explicit function=JJ100f* =:Jr)7J/7-1 binary relation~OO~ -1 /7J/A?implicit functionljx~ 3!>t::..x~ to give, to impartWJ~~ ~3""-/A? parameter~1r~~/17J1""-/A? parameterWJ~~~~ ~3""-/Ar7l:::3r)V parametric representationIOCff_~T37"t:f-~.:z.?:1? Cartesian product~5t1JNit e7~/*r7T1~=t: differential equationii-f*77~1 falling bodyJ!!fJJ ?,/Pr) motionElEB1i~~::Lr)7YjJfree fall#.11*:/Y-51object, body~ra V7J/time0 .. 0) 5!>~:(with)in ...IlSfII :f- 3I)distance-ti~t exactlyri~ fallclause + c9n~1if we suppose ...DDJml3t acceleration-lEO) fixed, constant -28- 35. ~J! / Y 7/ discoverymto approach.. to become near4lJ~~ 7" Y J) jj J.JphysicsI ~r)ti?engineeringItA:A9~=t:-numerical formulatt~ :ArJrnumerical valueJJlli ~/~.:LY calculation.. computationjf~~J:f/ resourceiff: tJ :/IJmanagement~ control...t& :/391high(er) order, higher (rank)-fiL~ 17 position, locationt:~:IJ~" ~ I:: mutually P.rj;(YJ/7 identical distribution, same distribution~~n[;NJ beforehand, in advancemT-7tJ~~T-/paper tapem~T-7 ~=t-T-7 magnetic tapeI"J~7139 content(s)PJIh$ tJ~r)~ movable part311Jj1i31 ~771D path of traveliRtl(J(]fct =J-3 7~YT:f-t~directftiIJ"t1~3 control~~tj{IJ)Et! -t~~1J!JT1* method of absolute measurementfE117:,J J) 3-? pressuremill;(:/-e4=-area ,:; verb + C t: tll:~ft :/~~1 era. age......the times H~Mt1~/productiontt~ ~~tJ1 society;g.:::~ ~t1-!t/~1" a third partytt~~aPofi ~-vtJ1T::t=-t:/~~ social quality, quality as perceived by the societystatisticsmainstream, de facto standardM~~=t:I) :J 9 /7 ;t:.r: 1)- structure memoryJ/ t:tMJ / t:~j:~ibandwidthi)t~7/~39 decrease, reduction~Q~j:t1~ to plan, to devise, to strive for, to work toward~JDi~ :t:373r)iJ sharing, shared usefPJ~7?--eA t:7:;7~""tA simultaneous access~ifft ::J?~?jJincrease in speed/throughputiI~ 9Y-e1achievement, accomplishment, attainment3.10) conjunctive formor an It)-adjectivc (or negative verb) + tI..~ftjIJi1II$"t-1:3:fcontrol part6bD.Q G~~ to occupy, to hold, to account forT-~jlfF T-9J9~ data manipulation$~77/ part~ portionm~j~te:tjr)~1T=t-t~relativeto repeatfliitdlJ~/-e1l::/ new productM~7J1/~developmentfJJJOJ~m~3::t-~/tJ1 i~itial stage/step{IDE *~37 assurance"} guarantee~~.Q~1 (;&I)~ to start, to begin -36- 43. 3.11) negative pro-isional + tI. 6tet~ 9i1l~ D?~r)~~ worker. laborer O . . tJt; ...... ,:~ . . O tJ) G ...... f:: to ) t~ ~from ... to ......*1: ~f1(j(jtJ: *-e-e/~~T=t-a company-vide ~fj- :/:j:Jr)perfonnance~execution btJ~OO bt1~< l: Japan (literally ~~our countryH) rt~~~1f~/ ry :Jr)T::f-l:: /~Y tJ / lJ total quality control various to kno.. to be aware of.. to be familiar with conversion. transfoffilation preparation3.12) ._ J:: 5 1:90 =.:I..-l/:J-Y=.:z..-"/-:J-./ Newton-Cotes formula ~it :J"~=t:~7t~?7/ division into equal partsiffij1ij I) 3?~/ both ends/edges/terminals13UJo ~~weight~.s~;t6~ to chooseflftfi~~7/:j-value of an integral jjr)A(J)~itjJr):A(I):J?~=t:Gauss" formula;mjjjc~ I) 3 ?*r) c t> both I3wfet :)::J..r)IJ.free-is -~-1 {counter for large machines and vehicles}~~O)7?:A70) multiple, pluralA~(}C(J.c. people~.m:tD77b~.7 3 970 7~7.b..application programm-ftO)J:I/~~4 (J)modemfMitIIJ:!~-t1:3 I) 0::/ control theoryA,~ ~)*{>now right now 7I~7DtA::J.7~3ry:1DtAindustrial process~Jjl/D-tA iJ/:t-37/0tAenvironmental process~11i~-l:T)v 7-1-if1 ti7-l:T)Veconomic model. . Ol:JJJ -C~)~...~:tt)t~JLl-).Qhas reached the point of ...-37- 44. unstable~~fI1A7~alphanumeric character~~ =/~=l= recognition, cognition7C~EJ9)(f~1& ::J7jJ7T=l=-~~J:~c:t]optical character reader~tflJ7=J-/iNj: *9T1~=l=- equation~~/iNj: ~~1 A7*771 ~=l=-algebraic equation~flRm~ A7=J-1J 1 *7numerical solution~9G~ ... c:~t ;Q)tJ: G9G ~... c:~tnot limited/restricted to ... tJ~~Gt~V)1J~Gt~v)m::J/root~fii~t~A7=J-71~/numerical calculation/operation/iit.*9*9method, manner, technique*glj ~1Ygeneral classificationIx(/) -:J~(/) next, followingilIf~fii =l=-/~=J- approximate value1:j. 7.. -c tJ) t:> Jt.J t~ 7.. -ctJ t:> after giving, after imparting*~Il "t-1~ precision, accuracy~lxGf(~ =J-7 ~1J 1) 3 7 successive/sequential improvementG-Cv) v)-CJ:v) (we) may usel&*G-C~~.:z.7J7G-C~even if (it) convergesimll J7~rate, velocity~v).B~V) slowilI-:5 ~ speed~.xO)cS JJ~(1)cSJ as follows... (J)i[[ fj ~~Ct> most~j!:j.,.,-1 =t: / average.. meanffi:ii 17- position, locationJt!JiJ l:: V1proportion, ratio~jCJJ777/ 1) 3-7 restitutive force1R"9JJ ~ E9!>fJ,Q restitutive forceM< ttt~ &3 < to work., to act~bNJ-C extremelyElEbfct-;)::l.9fd. free~t)=f ~/~"t)~simple pendulumI3~M~:;:J.:L9~7 self-induction, auto-induction-~~- T/:f-37 ) 3 r)capacitanceUttJi7--( :17 resistance~ dragJHl~9lJ7/7-1 V1typicallrepresentive example_~_IIJ ~377~/~7 harmonic oscillation~1fJ9/~/~ry simple harmonic motionAmllJlkfJ?~/~ryAry angular frequency~nJO)m:tD~3=t:1J9 initial phase3-5: JlilWHIiitfnMtfi7-397j]1""t~ hannonic analysis1I5etf(]tt I) ==- ~T:t:1d.historicalJl1JOJOO~ ~.:Lr):t:jJ/A?periodic function7tfft. 7~/tJ1decomposition, degradationtt~=~.:I. ~ytechnology, technique... J: ? ,:tJ:~ it comes to be that ...~6~ furthermore~J Abel If1 J9 Abel ~// topological Abelian groupt~n?T39 expansion, extensionft.q(1)~::J-:;.:I.(J)various, myriad, diverse-~it 1 y!/ngeneralization-40- 47. aR9 Y79to translatemil1::;f simulation, imitationJb~:I?;f broad definition, broad sensem~ 7/://reality... t::.~in order to ..., because ...miPJ~)V1 :/~/ analog~~ :/YT/experiment, trial1l?Jt1J7J/J?observation~*(J)~.y-1(J)a great quantity of, a great number ofJtffll:::3?cost, expensetJ)tJ)~to require, to involve (time or money)?JtIJJEJ?T1 measurement.:c-tlf3~.:c-tl:/~/itself~_tJ::I /T/tJ: difficult~~~{~:/3?T/~/tJchange in conditions~tk*tJ: I1:t:-37 :/ /~~1 tJ: influence enormous, profound, very greatJlI!rn 1) :I.? reason:If iiI ~ tJ: 7 tJ J t)tJ:impossiblemff(J) 7/~1(J) present, current, nowJb01u of course-~ for the time being, tentative(ly)... ~:9~9 is nothing more than... , is just ...~~~: :/Y~1 ~: actually, in practiceimff :I/~1 mixture1::T)V~~ -tT)V:/YT/ experiment using a scale modelfdli t//? ship, vessellJt~m:I77?:t:-aircraft*m~~ A1J?:/Y7/ water tank experimentmi1l1J~~ 7?~ry~YT/wind tunnel experiment{~~I~tJ117:I?:37 chemical industry~~*(J) :// 7~ / .y -1 (J)full size~gttYT-1design... WJ~: ... *x~:before ..., prior to .../J~(J)~ tJ~t~(J)small (size), compact~IDE 7/~3?verification~IE~.:z.?t-1 correction, revision, modification~~~mfJT$ :/YT/T:t:-::JJ-1t:t:-*?experimental analysisx~2~/1dominance, control~Jtlj*:7J7 law (of science), rule~< ~!>rJ It) in almost all cases!t!An~ "/=::1. :7 1) 3 ?single input1t!llin~"/:/::LYJ)37 single output_m7~-~J~? t"/717.{ - ~/Y? linear feedback control systemftjIJilIJ:/ATLt1:f3~ATb.lRfJt&"3 C tJ ~ --:J]j-jto handle~ to trea~ to deal withJEfif*fl 71 Ary71 A9 constant coefficient*,JilIItt~~t1:3:~J.Y:/~ control engineer~~~tt~7 ~ 7 ~ 7t-1 response characteristics~~iftiiIRJ .:D:/discussion, argument~ debateLaplace ~~ Laplace .".:/ j] :/ Laplace transformiIi_riti I.:/~/:/*ry operational calculus~5L,lin this way, by doing soAlli1J~f*=3. 9~.:L Y I) 3? tJ /71 relation among inputs and outputsliiitfJijlfc T:/~yj]:/Arytransfer function~13 ~.:L3.7.:c7main items, principal items~Il: ~11~: frrst(ly), frrst of all:tciEtt7:/T1~1 stability~IDE *:/37assurance, guaranteeJ: tla It) J:t>J:lt~ betteriR-S~;t 6.s~ to chooseM)~-/O)"-1 ));-- -;I (J)closed loopa~fiflO) iJ-1 I) 3" -tJ-1 ::JO) improvement final, last-1 "//f)J,,-AAJJ -1 "//~)~A=3. :7 1) 3? impulse inputA7~/A1J.A T~ -;1=::1. r) I) 3? step input... J:~t9-Q... 1:~19~with respect to ..., with regard to ..., for ...iAill~~~it j]f~7fr)f?-t1 transient response characteristicsiJAlJEJlIJ$lJJII:JT:/T:=-.y~?--e1:3 classical automatic control theoryJ1I!if8 1]0/~L,lt) It-;t;-QL,(,,) remarkable, considerable, striking~M :37t:f- accomplishment, achievement... O)l--:J... Q)(}C:Jone of ...~JjJIJ1! }::/~Y*9criterionJa1DtIt~J!i~ .:I. 7 JA 7) 3 91 ::t-frequency domainNyquist fJLWfNyquist 4=-t =t:- Nyquist locusm*tJ9fct :J"/~/T:f-1J: fundamental, basicJtfct-Q~c.fJ.-Qto differm2*titw.*fjit~1 =~tjJ1 ?T-1t:/World War IIIi! almost. roughly, approximately%JiX completionC~0Cin passing, by the waytt~1tifJT=f:;.:I.YtJ?~/ technological innovation~L~:t~ c; rJ:and, in addition (to that)-43- 50. ~7j{IJ$fJ~*I~ 7-1J7t-1:3=t:=t:measurement and control equipment~f!g/Y ~-1invention__li9tJ:=t: 7-1 =t:3T tJ:wonderful, amazing, miraculousilI ~$fJ~Jlf! ~ =t:/~+-1t-1:3) 0/ modem control theoryrm< OG< to open {transitive verb}imm Y7Y/communicationf4~ tJjJ7 science~Ji /YT/development, growth%i< JJ::< stronglyW1JiWlY7=t: stimulation, stimulusf1lmf4~ :/37$7tJjJ7 computer/information sciencem~tJ: :;::L 7 3 7 tJ: important~B~tJ::J /=~T=t:tJ: modem, up-to-dateijl~O)7/~-10) modem~*3tJ:~~-1tJ: various, varied1& l] fJltr cJ)....&>5to fit, to suit, to match~~1:::/,yY quality~~8"JtJ:7-1-if-1 T:t:tJ:economicit J) llig- J < J) ti.-gto manufacture, to produce, to turn out~~::L -!1+ /means, measure, way1** -!1-17-1system, organizationili R 8"J tJ: :t: / -!1+-1 T:t: tJ:modem$Y::L*9technique, method13m tJY37 taking advantage of, making good use of -44- 51. 5iiJJemphasis, stress~jj *lJ te:teffective, successful~1ft:/Y~ enactment, carrying out, doing~3K~~3ry=l=-.:z.ry1::/~Ydesired/required qualityrm~tJ-1/YdevelopmentmJl~~~:/3ry7-3ry~market researchiMJii7-3ry~Yprocurement, supplytrl~ --t-1/ry manufacturing~~ 7/~ inspection, examination, test(ing)~~ tJ/~audit, inspectionJl&ft///-1 sales, marketingfflJJJ tJY~ry activity, action~~1i n)lun~~n)t:::.. way of thinking~IiID7-1tJ7plan9l1~ ~37-measure, step, action~llI!lJte:t :fry 1) T~t~rational~t>9 to turn, to rotate, to drive, to cycle through~~te:t1:: Y 3 ryt~ necessary~{ifJ~ Dry~ry~~worker, laborer... iJ~ G ... ~:~Q ~"C ... n) G ... ~: tt: t:::.. 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