PERFORMANCE BASED STANDARSInnovative Approaches in Queensland

BESTUFS National SeminarUniversity of Melbourne

Laszlo (Les) Bruzsa – Principal Engineer (Queensland Transport)

Queensland Domestic Freight: Actual & Projected

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Road Freight - TotalRail Freight (H&R) - TotalSea Freight - Total

Queensland Road Freight: Urban vs Non-Urban

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Queensland Road Freight by Vehicle Type Actual & Projected

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- LCVs- Rigid Trucks- Articulated Trucks

Annual Growth Rates

TEU– Most Likely Growth – 6%– High Growth – 8.5%– Between 1989/99 and 2005/06 – 11%

NTC Report ‘Twice the Task’– Urban Freight in Brisbane – 2.98%– Containerised Freight – 6.5%

Adverse Impacts in Urban Areas

Port of Brisbane Growth in TEUs

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2004/05 2009/10 2014/15 2019/20 2024/25

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Most Likely High Growth

Data Source: PoB

Land Transport TaskYear 2003/04 2008/09 2012/13 2017/18 2025/26

Number of TEUs 611,811 1,000,000 1,409,511 2,218,906 4,586,189

Rail % 14% 18% 20% 22% 25%

Truck Journeys 1,580,644 2,514,522 3,461,296 5,408,544 12,100,367

Truck Journeys per Week Day

5,715 9,091 12,514 19,544 39,963

% Increase in TEUs 61% 124% 252% 628%

% Increase in Truck Journeys

59% 119% 242% 599%

Increase in Number of Trucks

482 971 1,977 4,893

The significant effect of import/export container growth on truck journeys and the number of trucks (based on truck utilisation of 1.17 TEU/truck and 5.7 moves/transport cycle)A significant increase in rail’s share of container transport has only a marginal effect on the number of truck journeysOther trends

– Increase of 40 foot containers– Increase of container weights

Data Source: PoB

Heavy Freight Vehicles Registrations in Queensland

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Rigid Trucks Articulated Trucks B-Doubles/Road Trains/Triples

Recent PBS “milestones”

PBS package approved by ATC in Oct 2007Interim Review Panel (IRP) ceased its operation in Oct 2007– Reviewed a large number of PBS case studies for compliance with

the interim standards and guidelines (more than PBS 50 applications)

– Identified priorities for the further development of PBS standards, guidelines

Performance Review Panel (PRP) was established – an independent national body with representatives from each jurisdictions + industryPBS Secretariat was established in Oct 2007– First PBS applications have been assessed

PBS networks are being certified (Level 1, 2, 3 and 4)PBS assessors have been certified

Freight Policy Principals in QueenslandEncourage better modal choices;Provide a freight network that supports the movement of freight by the most effective and sustainable means;Use initiatives (for example, regulation and charging mechanisms) to encourage industry to move freight by rail or sea rather than road, where it makes sense;Encourage the use of road-freight vehicles and rail wagons that provide for greater efficiency without adding to infrastructure costs;Develop a full cost/pricing model, reflecting government objectives, providing for equitable choices in transport mode;Implement the performance-based standards framework to improve management and use of the network by freight vehicles;Continue to implement the regulation of the access of heavy vehicles (for example, road trains and B-doubles) to road routes.

Truck and Dog Combinations

A number of truck and dog combinationsNo uniform rulesIncreased length 19.5m, 19.6m (prescriptive limit is 19m)Up to 50t of GCMAxle loads are the sameOpportunity to use a wider range of different truck models but no significant productivity improvementsSafety features (ABS, EBS, FUPS)

5-axle Truck and 4-axle Dog19.5m OAL (exceeds the prescriptive limit of 19.0m)2 PBS access levels approved based on GCM

– 50.0t (PBS L1 – general access), – 56.0t (PBS L2 – B-double access)

Modular, improved truck capacity and utilisation (truck is used for farm deliveries)Owner-operator

Simulation: MSD

Innovative Steerable Extendable

Innovative steerable extendable17.54m long semitrailer,OAL up to 22.0m Active steering systemDesigned to carry long roof sheetsInnovative designPBS covers the “non-extended” operationSignificant productivity benefits

– increased payload capacity for the extended operation– can carry longer products

Significant safety benefits– reduced rear overhang,– improved stability

Trailer design (dimensions) could be used for the development of a generic (non-extendable) longer trailer (more than 25% extra volume)

Innovative Steerable Extendable

Innovative Steerable Extendable

Simulation: MSD

21.4m Long Car Carrier21.4m long pm-semi, 40t of GCM, longer rear overhangA “Bloody” European designMeets PBS Level 1 standards

Long Rigid

14.64m long 28t of GVMEndorsed by IRP

Innovative “Jinker”

26m long innovative jinker combination for logging

– Meets PBS Level 2 StandardsInnovative folding designCan carry 19m long logsSignificant productivity benefits

– Increased payload– Increased productivity at the mill

Innovative “Jinker”

Significant safety benefits– reduced rear overhang,– increased stability.

Steerable Wheel Systems Technology

The design could change the heavy vehicle fleetTesting will be requiredInfrastructure impacts are still debated

Simulation: MSD

Significantly Improved Dynamic Performance

Extreme lane change (0.6g peak)

PMSemi (42.5t GCM)PMSemi (42.5t GCM) Innovative Road Tanker (60.2t GCM)Innovative Road Tanker (60.2t GCM)

Simulation: MSD

Extended Operation of Super B-Doubles

Projected Growth for Rail Born Cargo

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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Normal Truck

Super B

Super B-TriplesDeveloping a concept vehicleCarries three 40 foot containersPBS or not PBS is the questionTwo versions (heavy and light)Significant productivity benefits

Endorsed PBS Level 2 Combinations

34m long Type 1 Road train– Meets PBS Level 2

Innovative dolly designAccess to the PortVehicles are being constructed

Quad-axle Semitrailers• Selecting the best heavy vehicle option for the freight task• Dynamic performance of the candidate vehicle is important• Compliance with PBS requirements or other requirements• Adequate operating conditions• Managing conflicting interests: infrastructure vs. vehicle vs. traffic

vs. environment

Safer Road Trains: ABB-QuadPm-semi hauling a B-Triple53.5m long, 128t of GCMMeets PBS Level 4 standardsOperated in 3 statesSignificant safety benefits

IssuesBuilding knowledge with PBS vehiclesPBS is based on computer simulation and vehicle testing but on-road testing can identify safety problemsAddressing community and access issuesResource limitationsIndustry needs certaintyAccess limitations – 3 levels of governments (Federal, State and Local)Increased road tollRemote area vs. urban area

Conclusions“Business as usual” is inadequate responseNTC Report ‘Twice the Task’:– Aim of regulation: “Optimum use of assets,

rather than asset protection”;– “Forecasts point towards a significant increase

in the use of articulated vehicles at the expense of smaller, rigid vehicles”.

Queensland Transport and Main Roads encourage the use of new, innovative configurations as new combinations would provide significant productivity and safety benefits to the community (with infrastructure protected);PBS is up and running;PBS can provide the framework to the development of new heavy vehicle combinations

AcknowledgementThis presentation was prepared by using resources from– Queensland Transport– National Transport Commission– VicRoads– Haulmark Trailers– Mechanical Systems Dynamics– ARRB/RoadUser Research– Bisitechnics– Steearable Wheel Systems Pty Ltd– Trackaxle– Leap Australia Pty Ltd– Scania Australia Pty Ltd– Elphinstone Pty Ltd