INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION - The World … · TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT FROM ... Initial Environmental Examination list of Table and Figure ... but these are expected to be

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

THE 115 KV TRANSMISSION PROJECT

Ban Hat in Champasak Province (Laos) to Stung Treng (Cambodia)

February 2007

cB KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

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Initial Environmental Exam ination Content

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT FROM

Ban Hat in Cbarnpasak Province ( Laos) to Stung Treng (Cambodia)

Table of Contents

1 List of Table 1 List of Figure I 1 Abbreviations I I1 1 I Unit I 111 I

1 1.3 Extent of IEE 1 1 1

I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Pumose of the Proiect

1 1.4 Leeal and Policy Framework I 2 1

1 1 -

1

1 1.4.1 Cambodia Environmental Assessment Recluirement 1 2 1 1.4.2 World Bank Operational Policies 2 1

2.3 Amount of Land Required for Construction I 4 2.4 Transmission Line Route t 5

1.4.3 Relevant Agreements 11 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Project Area 2.2 Scope of the Project

1 2.5 Transmission Line Design 1 7 1

3 4 4 4

1 2.8 conductor Selection I 11 1

1 2.6 Tree Clearance 2.7 Resettlement Clearance

1 2.9 Substation Desim I 11 1

9 10

1 2.10.2 Construction 1 12 1

- 2.10 Project Implen~entation 2.10.1 Pre-construction Activities

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy Korea Electric Power Corporation

11 11

1 2.10.3 Preparation and Maintenance 12 1

Initial Environmental Examination Content

111 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVlRONMENT 3.1 Physical Resource

3.1.1 Topography and Drainage

1 3.2.1 Flora I 14 1

13 13 13

3.1.2 Climate 3.1.3 Geography and Soil

3.2 Biological Resource

1 3.2.2 Fauna --

16 1

13 14 14

1 3.3.3 Land Tenure 1 22 1

3.2.3 The Ramsar site in Stung Treng 3.3 Socio-Economic Condition

3.3.1 Admi~listration -- 3.3.2 Population and Settlement Pattern

3.3.8 Historic and Religious sites k - ENVIRONG~ENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

18 1

2 2 2 2 2 2

1 4.1.4 Soil Erosion I 29 1

' 4.1 Negative Impact in Construction Stage 4.1.1 Land Acquisition and Land Use Change 4.1.2 Land Use Restriction

1 4.1.3 Crop and Land Disturbance --

2 7 2 7 27 28

1 4. I. 10 Health and Safetv 1 33 1

4.1.5 Water Quality and Soil Contamination

4.1.6 Noise and Air Quality -- ---

4.1.7 Loss of Tree Resources F:: 4.1.8 Habitat Loss 1 4.1.9 Resettlement

1 4.1.11 Historic. Cultural and Reli~ious Sites 1 34 1

30 3 1 3 1 3 2

32_1

1 4.2 Negative Impact in Construction and Maintenance Stage -- 3 4 )

1 4.3 Positive Environmental Impact 37 1

4.2.1 Electrocution 4.2.2 Radio and TV Interference 4.2.3 Flieht Deaths and Electrocutio~~

1 4.3.1 Social and Economic Benefits I 37 1

3 4 3 5

36 I

4 . 3 . 2 Reduce air Pollution 1

38 I V ENVIKONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Ministry of Industry, Mines and E n e r a Korea Electric Power Corporation

39

5.3 Environmental Management Responsibilities 4 7

b i m n m e n t a l ~ a n a g e m e n t plan 39

I

I 5.2 EMP Monitorine 39 1

Initial Environmental Examination Content

1 6.1 Obiective of Public Consultation I 49 1

VII EMP BUDGET AND FINANCING 7.1 Basis of Comoensation Cost Estimate

6.2 Methodology 6.3 Participation 6.4 Public Consultation meeting

6 . 5 Main Discussion and Conclusion

1 7.2 Incremental Administrative Cost Estimate 1 57 1

49 49 50 54

I

APPENDIX

7.2.1 Incremental Administrative Cost for the 1" Step 7.2.2 Overall Planning for the 2nd Step

I 1 Result of Site Survev 1 1

57 58

1 2 Official Letter 1 1 1 3 Related Law and Policies 1 1

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energ)? Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Exam ination list of Tabk and Figure

List of Table

Table 2.1 Transmission Line Design Features Table 3.1 Climate Data for Stung Treng Province Table 3.2 Estimated Trees to be Removed from the ROW

List of Figure

7 14 15

Table 3.3 Key Cambodia bird Special found in or near the Ramsar site Table 3.3.1 Report Occurrence of Mammal in or near the Rarnsar site Table 3.4 Land Use AIongThe Transmission Line ROW Table 3.5 percentage of Educated People Affected by the Project Table 4.1 Impact Matrix -

Table 4.2 Estimated Land Acquisition Table 4.3 Labor Force Within the Affected Village 'Table 5.1 Mitigation Plan --

Table 5.2 EMP Monitoring Plan Table 7.1 Estimate Cost for 1" Incremental Administration

--

16 17 2 3 24 26 27 3 3

--A 40 45 5 7

Ministy of 1ndusty:~ines a n d - ~ n e r ~ ~ I Korea Electric Power Corporation

Figure 2.1 Project Area Figure 2.2 Transmission Line from Laos border to Stung Treng Figure 2.3 11 5 kV Tower Design Figure 2.4 Similar 11 5 kV Pole Figure 2.5 'Tree Clearance along the ROW Figure 2.6 Resettlement Clearance (ROW) Figure 3.1 Lower Island Area Location Figure 3.2 Upper Island Area Location

4 6 8 8 9

10 20 2 1

Initial Environmental Examination list of Table and Figure

Abbreviations

1 ASEAN I Association of Southeast Asian Nations 1 i ASL I Above Sea Level 1

i EMP I Environmental Management Plan 1

CBD EAC EdC EIA EMF

1 GHG I Greenhouse Gas I

Convention on Biological Diversity Electricity Authority of Cambodia Electricity de 'arnbodia Environmental Impact Assessment Electrical and Maenetic Field

1 IEE 1 Initial Environmental Examination 1

GMS

1 IEIA I Initial Environmental I m ~ a c t Assessment 1

Greater Mekong Sub-Region Heavy Fuel Oil International Electro-technical Committee

1 IMO I Independent Monitoring Organization 1 Independent Power Producer

International Standards Organization 1 LDO I Light Diesel Oil I 1 MEF 1 Ministrv of Economv and Finance 1 1 MIME I Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy I 1 MOE I Ministry of Environment I NR I National Road 1 PACIF~H I P e o ~ l e Affected Comrnunities/Farnilies/Householcis 1 1 PIC 1 Proiect Im~lementation Consultant I 1 PMO 1 Proiect Management Office I 1 RPEC I Resettlement PlanIEnvironmental Coordinator I

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy II Korea Electric Power Corporation

Right of Way Resettlement Plan Unexploded Ordinance

1 ROW

,

RP UXO

Initial Environmental Examination list of Table and Figure

Units

m I Millimeter i krn I Kilometer I

I v I Volt I

I kW ( Kilowatt (1,000 W)

kV A

- - -- - - -

Kilovolt (1,000 volts) Ampere (Coulomb/second) Kiloampere -

Watt (Joule/second)

1 VA I Volt-Ampere I

MW GW Wh k Wh

MWh

kVA ( Kilovolt-Ampere ( I ,000 VA) , MVA I Megavolt-Ampere (1,000 KVA)

Megawatt (1,000 kW) --- Gigawatt (1,000MW) Watt-hour Kilowatt-hour (1,000 Wh)

Megawatt-hour (1.000 kWhi

Mittistry of Industry, ~t-lines, and Energy 1 1 1 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Exam ittation Introditction

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND

With financial support from World Bank, EdC has launched the construction project of two transmission lines from the Laos Border to Stung Treng and from the Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham; this project is a part of the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Power Project. As clearly defined by the Ministry of Environment, the project is going to be carried out with environmental sustainability of the al'fected areas along the ROW.

To effectively evaluate the impact of the project, KEPCO has canied out IEE and EMP in an attempt to identi& the number of local residents affected by the project, the nature and degree of impact on them, measures taken to minimize the effects and compensation, and other assistance to be delivered to af'fected people for unavoidable impacts.

The social impacts from the transmission lines will be the relocation of households and dwellings and other buildings within the ROW during construction, and land use restrictions within the ROW during operation.

The primary bio-physical impacts, associated with transmission line construction and operation are land use change, vegetation loss, minor habitat loss, wildlife death, and minor erosion.

1.2. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this Initial Environmental Examination is to:

Identify and assess environmental impacts associated with transmission lines.

Identify design, construction and maintenance measures to avoid or mitigate potential adverse environmental impacts, to be incorporated into the final design.

Develop an environmental management plan and associated monitoring plan for project construction and operation.

Assess the organizational capacity of the implementing agency and provide reconlmendations for enhancement.

1.3. EXTENT OF IEE

This IEE covers the assessment of bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the proposed 11 5 kV transmission lines from the Laos border to Stung Treng, collectively referred to as the "transmission line" through out this IEE.

This IEE is based on the feasibility design of the main transmission line route and line structures, and primarily assesses key environmental issues. Final route and line design will be undertaken by the Contractor in accordance with feasibility design criteria. Changes may

Mittistry of Industry, Mines and Energy 1 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Examination Introduction

occur to the selected route, but these are expected to be minor. The design of the line structures nlay change particularly tower height and spacing.

1.4. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAME WORK

According to the Law of the Royal Government of Cambodia and World Bank Policy the pro-ject is required to conduct a study of Environmental Assessment. No conflict has been identified between these separate requirements.

1.4.1. Cambodia Environmental Assessment Requirement

The key requirements of the Environmental Assessment are that environmental and social impact assessment is carried out, impacts are minimized and mitigation and co~npensation measures incorporated illto the project including assistance to people affected by the project.

All the above requirements have to be in accordance with the Law of Royal Government of Cambodia on Environmental Protection and Natural resource Management, This law is supported by the Sub-Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (Sub-Decree 72, August 11, 1999), which sets out institutional responsibilities, impact assessment requirements and examination procedure. The Annex to the Sub-Decree lists project types that require Initial Environmental Impact Assessmcnt (IEIA) or Environmental Impact Assessment (HA). although no distinction is made between these t uo types of assessments. The Draft Guideline for conducting Environmcntal Impact Assessment (EIA Report 2000), prepared by The Department of Environmental Impact Assessment, Provides an EIA format guideline and indicates mandatory information to be provided in the EIA. All mandatory information is contained in this IEE.

1.4.2. World Bank Operational Policy

The World Bank's Environmental Assessment Policy (OP 4.01) requires that the environmental assessment accurately identi& thc breadth, depth and type of analysis based on the nature, scale and potential impacts. Environmental assessments are classified into different categories based on complexity, scale and level of impact, ranging from the largest and most complex - Category A. to the smallest and least complex - Category C. For all categories the environmental assessment should take into account global environmental aspects on biodiversity and institutional capabilities related to environmental and social aspects.

The assessment nevertheless examines the project's potential environmental impacts and recommends measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. The project has to avoid forest, wild lands, national parks, protected or other sensitive natural environments areas and particular cultural and social sensitive area such as temples, graves, schools.

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 2 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Exantination Introduction

1.4.3. Relevant Agreements

Cambodia is one of the sibmatories to a number of international conventions and agreements that include:

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD ,1995)

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 1975)

ASEAN Agreement on the conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (1985)

Cambodia ratified The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in 1995. The three objectives of this convention are to conserve biodiversity, sustainable use biological resources and to fairly and equitably share the benefits resulting from the use of genetic resources.

Cambodia became a party to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance in 1999, formally listing three Ramsar sites in the north, center and south-west of the country, with plans to consider further sites.

Cambodia signed the ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1985, committing its self maintaining essential ecological processes preserving genetic diversity and ensuring sustainable natural resource use.

hfinistry of Industry, Mines arid Energy 3 Korea Electric Power Corporalion

Initial Environmental Examination Description of the Proiect

11. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1. PROJECT AREA

Figure 2.1: Project Area

The project study area encompasses Samaki Commune, Stung Treng District, Stung Treng Proviiice. Samaki Commune has 6 Villages.

2.2. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The followings are the scope and extent of the project:

115kV double circuit transmission line from Laos Border -Stung Treng Substation, 56 km of steel lattice towers.

Tree clearance of a 30 m width along the transmission line (15m from the central line)

The substations at Stung Treng Province to be cleared are about 50m x 70m =

3500m2 for substation.

2.3. AMOUNT OF LAND KEQUlRED FOR CONSTRUCTlON

In general the project will require the following area of land:

0.40 ha of land for tower footing based transmission line from Laos Border to Stung Treng Province.


Initial Environmental Examination Description of the Project

0.365 ha of land for the substations at Stung Treng includes the access roads for the substation.

Construction of 115 kV transmission lines and substations will require the acquisition of land or, in the case of transmission lines, restriction of land use below the power lines. All substation are located on private lands. There is not much agricultural land within the proposed alignments. When it is necessary to construct transmission lines across agricultural land, in the unlikely event that is necessary to acquire land for towers, compensation will be provided to the affected persons (APs) on whose land the tower(s) will be located.

2.4. TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE

The 115kV Transmission Line from the Loas Border to Stung Treng, is approximately 56 krn:

- From Laos border to Stung Treng runs along the south side of NR7 until the cross road to Siem Pang.

- After that it run crossing the NR 7 and run along it to Stung Treng Substration in the east.

- It would be set back from the road by 15 - 25m in order to reduce environment impact. Most trees and plants along the west and east side of the road have already been cleared and pruned, so that the necessary conductor clearance distance will be provided. There are few settlements and individual houses along the route.


Initial I:'nvironmuntal E.vamination Description oj'the I.'rojuct

2.5. TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN

The chosen nominal voltage level of the 115 kV corresponds to the intended voltage of the interconnection with Laos.

Although demand at Stung Treng may currently be low, MIME emphasized the importance of Stung Treng as the hub in the northeast which is a focus area of a regional development triangle among Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Therefore, double circuit transmission lines will be installed to satisfy above similar reasons to those stated in Stung Treng.

Table 2.1: Transmission Line Design Features

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 7 Korea Electric Porver Corporation

Design Feature

Line Length Type of Support Number of Tower Average span between Tower Tree Clearance Width (From central power line) Resettlement Clearance Width(R0W) (From central power line) Tower height Substations

TL Line from Laos -Stung Treng

56 krn Steel Lattice Tower 160 300-350

15 m

8 m

32 m 50 m x 70 m

Initial Environmental Examination

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Figure 2.3: 115 kV Tower Design

Figure 2.4: Similar 115 kV Tower

Ministry of industry, Mines and Energy 8 Korea Electric Power Corporation


2.6. TREE CLEARANCE

Trees will be either removed or periodically pruned to provide necessary line clearance, whilst minor pruning will be required for insulated distribution lines. The SWER alignment will avoid palm trees (primarily sugar palms) in preference to trees grown for wood and smaller fruit trees as many of these trees can be pruned to provide the necessary line clearance without killing the trees. If growing tip of palm is removed then the tree dies.

Vegetation clearance distances will be maintained by pruning regrowth every 1-2 years. Cuttings will be offered to the local resident if the pruned tree is privately owned, or offered to the community for communal trees, but if cutting are not required then the contractor will be responsible for their disposal. It is proposed that pruning contracts be awarded to local people to maintain line clearances.

Centre Line ,

Figure 2.5: Tree Clearance along the ROW

Ministry of Industry, ,Mines and E n e r a 9 Korea Electric Power Corporation


2.7. RESETTLEMENT CLEARANCE (ROW)

Figure 2.6: Resettlement Clearance (ROW) [Source: Guidebook for power engineers (MIME) category 2.6.461


In a transmission line construction, the conductor usually comprises 20% to 30% of the material and labor costs. The selection of conductors is critical since the wind and tension loads that supporting stnictures must withstand are dependent on the size and type if conductors used. Structure heights are also largely dependent on the conductors selected since maximum sag of phase conductors under maximum ice or maximum temperature conditions is governed by certain physical, mechanical and dimensional properties of the conductor. Even environmental effects, such as radio noise and audible noise, are heavily influcnced by the conductors themselves.

2.9. SUBSTATION DESIGN

Transmission lines from Laos border to Shlng Treng substations will be connected to substation in Ban Hat, Laos and operated under the voltage of 11 5 kV, with double circuits.

The design shall comply with Cambodia "Electric Power Technical Standards" and the guidebook for "Power Engineers" issued by the ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME) and other international standards. The design shall be suitable for operation in Cambodia weather. In the case of matters not stipulated in the technical standards, IEC or I S 0 standards will be applied.

2.10. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

2.10.1. Pre-construction activities

Pre-construction activities will involve the final design of the transmission structures and routes, geotechnical investigations, asset verification and acquisition, compensation and relocation measures.

A detail final design will be prepared for the transmission line, towers and substations. Final designs will include tower spacing and a range of foundation and tower types for different ground and flood conditions. A detailed survey of the route will be undertaken based on the previously surveyed route to finalize and peg the transmission line centerline, ROW and tower location.

Asset verification will be completed once the ROW has been pegged, for all privately owned land, buildings, trees and other non-transferable property within the ROW that will be affected by the construction or operation of the line or substations. This will be used to update the existing asset database. The acquisition of land at tower sites, the relocation of buildings within the ROW and the payment of compensation for trees to be removed will be finalized prior to the start of construction at each related site.

Ministy of industry, Mines and Energy 11 Korea Electric Power Corporatiori


2.10.2. Construction

Sections of the line will be constructed concurrently by multiple work teams to complete the line during this period. Construction will primarily occur during the dry season (November- May), when ground conditions are dry enough to allow heavy machinery access to tower sites for foundation construction and tower erection and to the substation sites for foundation preparation. The only construction that may occur during the wet season will be substation constn~ction after the foundations have been prepared. Line stringing may also occur, although this may be limited by access to the line and thunderstorm activity.

The main transmission line construction activities will be vegetation clearance within the Clearance Width, tower foundation construction, tower erection and line stringing. Vegetation clearance will be undertaken by hand and kept to the minimum required to achieve necessary line clearance distances, restricted to the 30 m Clearance plus nearby large trees that could fall and damage the line. Vegetation less than 3 m high will not be cleared. Land mine or cluster bomb clearance will be required at least at one site along the Clearance prior to any construction in the vicinity.

Tower foundation will be constructed by in drilling each footing point with a mobile drilling unit, then concreting the excavated voids to form footing points. Alternatively, pre-fabricated concreting pile will be driven into the ground to form the foundation points, with the exposed sections of the piles tied together by concrete horizontal beams. On sites subject to deep flooding a concrete support structure will be constructed.

The substations will be constructed by removing and stockpiling topsoil from the area to be land filled, installing the earth mat and land filling to approximately 1 m above original ground level. Topsoil will then be spread over the fill batters and seeded. Construction of the substation facilities will then be undertaken.

2.10.3. Operation and Maintenance

Transmission line operation will generally involve limited maintenance activities. Line maintenance will usually be restricted to periodic, special and emergency inspections. Routine inspections and planned maintenance will be timed to occur during the dry season where possible, whereas emergency line reinstatement may have to occur during the wet season.

Patrolling of the line from the ground will be undertaken periodically before and after the monsoon. The patroller will inspect structure foundations, insulators, conductors, and jumpers, etc. Periodic hand pruning of vegetation within the ROW will be undertaken to maintain line clearance distances.

Special inspections will be undertaken after floods, severe winds, hail storms, earthquakes and fires. Emergency inspections of the affected section of line will be undertaken after each tripping of the line to ascertain the nature of the fault and cany out repairs. Failure of the line involving a wire break is highly unlikely, but it would require line restringing.

Ministty of lndustty, Mines and Energy 12 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental E.uamination Description of the Environment

111. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The bio-physical and socio-economic environment along the majority of the proposed transmission line routes are generally typical of non-irrigated floodplain paddy land of south- eastern Cambodia and cleared forests of North-eastem Cambodia.

3.1. PHYSICAL RESOURCES

Topography, drainage, geology and soils along the proposed transmission line routes are described in this section.

3.1.1. Topography and Drainage

The proposed transmission line route is located on or near the Upper Mekong floodplain, which forms part of the Mekong Lowlands. The entire route is flat, with grades generally between 0-l'%, except for hillsides between Ch.19.600-28.000 (plantation) and Ch. 59.850- 61.300, and for specific sitc features such as riverbanks, canal and drain banks, road and rail embankments and the landform transition between settlement areas and lower paddy fields. Lower floodplain land is interspersed with shallow water bodies and minor rises, often where settlement and tree crops are grown.

'She elevation of the route ranges between 5-44 m above sca level (ASL), with most of the route located between 5-18 m ASL. The lowest point occurs where the line terminates on the Vietnam border.

Seasonal tlooding occurs over an estimated 70% of the route, based on levels recorded in the route survey that included anecdotal information on flood levels. Flood levels up to 3.5 m deep occur on the southern end of the route, but the majority of seasonal flooding is estimated to be less than 1.2 m deep.

3.1.2. Climate

The project area has a monsoon-dominant climate, described as tropical wet and dry due to the distinct seasonal variation. Approximately 70-80% of annual rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon from mid-May to late September or early October. The northeast monsoon brings drier and cooler air from early November to March, then hotter conditions prevail in April and early May, producing a pronounced dry season.

The hot season lasts from March to June, with air temperatures in the project area peaking in April at an average daily maximum of 36 T. The coolest months are December/January with an average daily maximum of 30-3 1 @C.

ministry of Industry, Mines and E n e r ~ y 13 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Zriitial Environmental Examination Description of the Environment

Table 3.1 : Climate Data for Stung Treng Province (2005)

Source: Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology

November December Annual Mean

3.1.3. Geology and Soils

Geology along the transmission line route is characterized by Cenozoic alluvial plain deposits, terrace alluvial, pediments, alluvial fans and floodplains. Accordingly, surface soils along the route are reasonably uniform. Soil fertility is very low, with little potential to improve rice yields by more intensive management. The soil is subject to water logging due to the low permeability of the underlying subsoil, and can be saturated for periods of up to a week even after heavy, short duration rainfall. The soil is also drought sensitive due to the low water holding capacity of the sandy surface soils and the difficulty ofroot penetration into the heavy subsoil.

33.60 3 1.80 33.69

3.2. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Flora, fauna and protected areas along the proposed transmission line route are described in this section.

22.50 19.70 23.40

3.2.1. Flora

37.90 42.80 114.05

Vegetation cover within the ROW is largely dictated by the intensive land use activities that occur along the entire route. The route (around 37 %, see table 3 .54 is sown to a household, with fields left fallow for the remainder of the year. Sugar palms are commonly grown as a scattered tree crop on paddy land, located on bunds or within fields.

Areas of grassland occasionally occur next to watercourses or on land with poorer cultivation potential as a fallow between occasional crops. Small areas of flooded grassland occur within some water courses and depressions.


Initial Environmental Exam ination Description of the Environment

Tree cover, primarily consisting of trees grown for fruit, wood and other production purposes, occurs on about 34.57% of the ROW (see table 3.5a), mainly in settlement areas but also in plantations. The predominant species are sugar palms, mangoes, bananas and coconuts. 18% of the ROW (see table 4.5b) in Stung Streng is plantation area.

Temple groves, whilst not located within the ROW, occur in proximity to the route on higher land around some temples. This vegetation commonly consists of trees and shrubs.

Trees locate along the ROW (Laos Border to Stung 'Sreng) are considered to be forest trees which most of them have already been cleared. The below is the amount of trees which will be affected by the project, located along the ROW (Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham).

Table 3.2: Estimated Trees to be removed from the ROW From Laos - Stung Treng

Area Name of

Trees Laos Border -Stung Treng

-- -.

I I Sdoa 1 14 1 1.04% I

Coconut 1684 34.04% Slar Tree 1625 32.84%

palm Tree 424 8.57% Wlango Total 1

1214 4,947

--

Putrea Banana 50

24.55% 100%

Mango + Coconut

L -- I Por 1 0.08%

Bamboo -. Palm Tree

105 32

Source: Affected Villages Only

81 45

7.86% 2.39%

-.


6.05% 3.37%

Tamarine Tree Sugar Can Jack Tree

Forest Tree Total 2

Total

16 10 10

959 1,337

1.19% 0.71 % 0.71%

71.81% 100%

6.284 100%

Initial Environmental Examination Description of the Environment

3.2.2. Fauna

There are no fauna will be affected by the transn~ission line ROW from (Laos Border to Stung Treng). Since the habitats along the ROW were already cleared.

A. Mammal

Vong (2004) provides the most comprehensive account to date of mammals recorded from or close to the Ramsar site. A total of 26 species were found to be presently or recently living in or close to it (Table 3.3). Small mammals (bats, rats, mice, shrews, otters, civets etc) were not included in the study. The total number of mammals in the Ramsar site will therefore be considerably higher than 26. Most of the Ramsar site mammals were reportedly hunted and together with habitat lossldegradation and loss of prey species this has contributed to the reported decline and local extinction of many species. Hunting appears to be camed out extensively and is done for both local consumption and sale for meat, trophy and medicinal purposes.

Table 3.3 Reported Occurrence of Mammals in or Near the Ramsar Site

Scientific Name Manis javanica

Macaca fascicularis

1 Asiatic iackal ! Canis aureus 1 Believed to be rare around Ramsar 1

Occurrence and Comments Outside Ramsar area, rare and declining. Hunted Common in Ramsar. Hunted occasionally

macaque Pig-tailed macaque Asian wild dog

1 (dhole)

Sun 1 Ursus malayanus l ~ o r m e r l ~ in Ramsar, rare and declining1 outside. Hunted Formerly present. Now believed absent from black l k s S p -

Macaca nemestrina

Cuon alpinus

Occurs on some Ramsar islands and O'Talash river Occurs outside Ramsar. Rare

1 ~ a m s a r - -

1 In areas close to Ramsar, e.g. 1 bear ( Jungle cat Felis chaus -

Leopard Tiger Asian golden cat

Leopard cat Fishing cat

u - x s p a u r u s -- 1 Believed to occur in forests outside Ramsar. 1

1 Panthera pardus 1 Panthers tigris Catopuma temminkii

Clouded leopard Southern serow


Rare. Hunted Occa<ionally in Ramsar Reported from Preah Rumkel commune Not recently recorded and believed absent from Ramsar

Prionailurus bengalensis Prionailurus viverrinus

Present in Ramsar site. Hunted Formerly common now believed only in

1 Neofelis nebulosa Naemorhedus sumatrensis

O'Talash. Hunted Reportedly in O'Talash. Rare. Hunted Recorded at O'Savy in 1993. Hunted

Banteng I Bos iavanicus Rare in Ramsar. Hunted

Initial En viron m ental Exam ination

) Hunted p

I Sambar I Cervus unicolor / Absent from Ramsar but occurs in nearby 1

Wild water 1 buffalo

I I I forests. I

Bubalus amee , Absent

I

Eld's deer 1 Cervus eldii Muntiacus muntjac Hystrix brachyura

1 Nycticebi~s pygrnaeus ( Absent

- - - - - - - Absent from and near Ramsar Ramsar islands and O'Talash Common. Hunted for medicinal p u l p x l

1 porcupine Wild boar Asian elephant

Source: adapted from Smith (2001) and Vong (2004)

B. Birds

Slow loris Nycticebus coucang hunted

Sus scrofa --

Elephas maximus

BirdLife Intemational (2003) has identified 40 important bird areas (IBAs) for Cambodia. One of these is the Mekong river channel from Kratie to the Lao PDR border, which includes the Ramsar site. This IBA contains seven globally threatened and near-threatencd species: the critically-endangered white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis) and white-shouldered ibis (Pseudibis davisoni) and the near-threatened black-bellied tern (Sterna acuticauda), grey- headed fish eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus), the red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus), oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster), and the Mekong endemic the Mekong wagtail (Motacilla samveasnae). Vong (2004) recorded all these species as occurring in the Ralnsar site.

and food

Tn the most comprehensive bird survey undertaken to date in the Ramsar site and adjacent arcas, Vong (2004) recorded 231 species. This is nearly half the total currently known from Cambodia. These records include birds from both the Mekong river channel and the northern plains to the east and west of the river. Smith (2001) identified 39 key Cambodian bird species of which Vong (2004) recorded 17 from the Ramsar site area (Table 3.3.1). It is very clcar therefore that the Ramsar site and adjacent forest areas arc of major importance for the conservation of Cambodia's birds.

Table 3.3.1 Key Cambodian Bird Species Found in or Near the Ramsar Site

hfinistry oJIndustry, Mines and Energy 17 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Name Spot-billed pelican

Painted stork

Scientific Name Pelecanus philippensis

O r i e n t a l a s t e r Mycteria leucocephala

Occurrence and Comments Reportedly occurs August to November. Globally threatened - vulnerable Globally near-threatened Globally near-threatened

Initial Environmental Examinatiorr Description of the Environment

> White- Pseudibis davisoni 1 Globally threatened - critical 1

Lesser adjutant Greater

Leptoptilos javanicus 1,eptoptilos dubius

shouldered ibis 1 White-winged

Globally 1 loba all^ near-threatened

Globally threatened - vulnerable Globally threatened - endangered

1 duck Lesser fish- eagle Grey-headed fish-eagle White-rumped vulture Cinereous vulture Red-headed vulture White-rumped falcon

Carina scutulata

Source: adapted from Smith (200 1) and Vong (2004)

Globally threatened - endangered

lchthyophaga humilis

Ic hthyophaga ichthya

Gyps bengalensis

Aegypius monachus

Sarcogyps calvus

Aquilla clanga

tern Indian skimmer Great hombill

The project for transmission lene for Laos border to Stung Treng, according to Fiat -Law of fisheries 1987, large scale commercial fishing is not allowed in the Ramsar reserve.

Globally near-threatened


Globally threatened - critical




3.2.3 The Ramsar Site in Stung Treng

Rhyncops albicollis 1 Buceros bicomis

The complex ecosystem of the Stung Treng Ramsar site is not newly recognised. Its first description can be referred back to the French colonial period in the 19th century. During the French expedition (1866 - 1868) along the Mekong mainstream, de Cam6 described the river's characteristics from Kratie to Stung Treng:

Record needs confirming Globallv near-threatened

From Stung Treng town to the Lao PDR border, the characteristics of the river still continue to be impressive. Here de Came (1872) has described that in some places the water flowed violently through the twisted channels and between flooded forests along the river bed. The river and forest joined one to the other and nothing was heard but the noise of the wind in the high branches of trees, or the roaring of the waters round their roots. The account also shows that when the evening came, some fishers (as now) showed themselves by the flickering light of their torches, which illuminated them with fiery serpent-like beams cast on the waters, and the dying voice of the wind. Elsewhere, the water spreads out, half-veiled by charming trees, which bend over it and dip their ever-fresh leaves, and white and rose flowers, in its coolness.



In 1999, a 37 km stretch of the Mekong river from about 5 km north of Stung Treng town to about 3 km south of the Lao PDR border (with 500 m on each side of the river) was designated as a Ramsar reserve ('wetland of international importance' under the Ramsar Convention). The site covers an area of 14,600 hectares. Currently, there are about 13,000 people living at the site. It is located in two districts: Thalaboriwat and Stung Trcng, with four communes, 2 1 villages, and about 40 islands (DOE, 2002).

The varied and special ecological conditions of the Ramsar site provide the area with a great diversity of wildlife - mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and vegetation -described in detail in Chapter 4. The four flagship species1 of the Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Programme (MWBP) are found in or very close to the Ramsar reserve - the 11 I 'iwaddy dolphin, Sarus crane, Mekong Giant Catfish and Siamese crocodile. This gives the area an added significance for the programme.



Figure 3.1 : Lower Island Area Location

8 - W z

0 - - 0 p- - 0


' , , 20 ',o Koh-Khonhang

1 >$

,+-t %

C 1 )' .

34 ,

-

- 1 - - n - 8 - Z

$- ?

g- g

O -

f

$- n

2

:- f

35 1 5 0 , . I

38 i I(

139 ' , '36 \',

1 37 1 , 0 Krabei-pong I

~s~andr 20 Koh Khon-hang 21 Koh Kalai ' ! 22 Koh Heap 34 Koh Key I

36 Koh Tellemoi 36 Koh Sneng 1

37 Koh Han 1 38 Koh Kondul 39 Koh Sombu I * . 4 1 "

40 Kon Sralao I 41 Koh Lpl

P

42 Koh h s u w I I ; , /' ,

U K o h Naleng 2 U Koh Yon I 2,: '44 ,

- / ,p / ' 41 Koh Khunphan M Koh Kang I

" l 43'2,; > J ,

47 oh ~~clmchw , '42 * , ; F S " , ? ~ ' 41) Koh Ttaing ,461 ,v , ' 3 "1

I r

",lIagns 1 - 4 '

48 Phum Kqh Key ,I' , . i 60 Phum Koh Sneng 61 Samld oommunrvlllagea , 47 " 62WbadWam - ,/', 40 - Villages

/ - 1

A - Survey campsites

I,' r n ~ 1 s . h Conservat~on Zones ilslands - ChannelGrass Features

I

I

Channel Woodland 8 Mosatc Bushland and water

I Meters

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

I I I I I I I I 60dOm 606000 608000 61OWO 612WO 614000 61 6000 61 8000

UTM zone 48 north; WGS84


-.., ..- ..- .. .a-..-..-.. - * * ..,..;..,..- hlmcb 1 Koh Lanor 2 Koh Bon4nw 1

I 3 oh chhoeutorl mom \ I I

4 oh Lon 6 Koh 8unbua (north) 8 Kah Phnov 7 Kah K a 8 Koh R u u d 9 Koh Chhoeutul Tol 10 Koh Ton* 11 Koh Khon-kham 12 Kah Khon-tu 13 Kah Kok-khey 14 Kah Scmbur. (mum) 16 Kah %ng 16 Kah &lm 17 Koh Phnm 18 Koh Ftumd 10 Koh Khan-kheo 10 Koh Kharhalg 21 Koh Kdat 22 Kah Heap

Vlllagas 23 Phum 0 8v.y 24 Phum Krab P a h 26 Phum W n Slm

Fish u m m a t l m zmaa 28 Anlong Chhauteal n Anlong 8unph.nk.ykem 28 Anlong h 19 Anlong hnphuong so Anlong Ruul 31 Anlong Lungor P Anlong Combnu

Other loullone 33 PNk s a w I

I

'.-" Lao border

Villages

Survey campsites

B ~ l s h Consewat~on Zones i Islands

jChanndGrassFeatures

1 ]channel Woodland & Mosa~c Bushland and water

~e le rs N 0 1000 2000 3000 4000

I I 1 I I I I

596000 I

5 m I mom W2WO 604mO 6owOo g0M)oO B l o w 0

UTM zone 48 north; WGS84

Figure 3.2: Upper Island Area Location

Ministry oflndustry, Mines and Energy 2 1 Korea Electric Power Corporation

I t~it ial Environmental Examination Description of the Environment

3.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The general social environment in the vicinity of the propose transmission line route is described below.

3.3.1. Administration

The 115 kV transmission line routes from Laos Border to Stung Treng Crosses Samaki Commune, Stung Treng District, total route 56 krn.

3.3.2. Population and Settlement Pattern

As shown in the Statistic Handbook 1995-2004 of Electricite Du Cambodge, we estimated one year after, Kampong Cham Province has a population of 1,893,138, Kampong Cham Town has a population of 53,366, Ponhea Kraek has a population of 145,763 and Tbong Kmum has a population of 252,722.

3.3.3. Land Tenure

All land belongs to the State under the Land Law 1992, but private property rights regarding possession, use of land and rights of inheritance are recognized by this Law. Under the National Constitution of 1993, the right of private land ownership is recognized and land expropriation is prohibited, except in the national interest and with payment of fair and just compensation.

Few people hold legal land titles in Cambodia, however land tenure is largely recognized by occupation and recognition by ones neighbors. Boundaries are clearly defined in paddy areas where each field is demarcated by an earth bund, whilst residential land in villages is often fenced.

The Certificate of Possession and Use of Land is a form of title, issued by the Department of Cadastre and Geography within the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Affairs and Planning (formerly the Land Titles Department). A Certificate is obtained by a landholder by submitting an Application for Possession and Use of Land to the provincial office of the Department of Cadastre and Geography. The applicant receives a Receipt for the application, then a slow process of issue is commenced that may involve a dispute over ownership where more than one receipt has been issued for the same piece of land. The Receipt is used as evidence of ownership and is passed on when land is sold or ownership otherwise transferred.

Very few landholders in the project area hold any form of land title, with the majority having lodged an Application for Possession and Use of Land. Most landholders obtained their land from distribution by authorities that commenced in 1989. The remaining landholdings were either bought or inhcrited.


Initial En virunm ental Exam ination Description of the Environment

3.3.4. Land Use

Land use along the proposed route is primarily rural, with small areas of urban settlement and light industry occurring on the right side of the route from Kampong Cham to Vietnam Border (Figure 2.2). The local farming system is dominated by rice cropping, with tree crops and gardens established on slightly raised areas around dwellings where the water logging or flood hazard is lower.

The dominant crop is lowland rain fed (wet season) rice, transplanted from June-October and harvested from October-December. This crop is grown without irrigation, transplanted November-March and harvested February-May. Dry season crop yields are higher than wet season yields due to controlled irrigation and additional sunlight.

Rice is grown as an opportunity crop on land that is signiiicantly inundated during the wet season. Other field crops in Stung Treng Province.

Grasslands, consisting of grasses and shrubs, are limited in extent, often occurring on slightly higher land that has not been settled. These areas probably were established voluntarily during an extended fallow pcriod, on these lower quality rain fed paddy fields.

Domestic water is collected from roofs and drawn from private wells, private or communal ponds and public watercourses, and usually stored in large clay or masonry jars at each house. Stock water is mainly derived from watercourses and private and communal ponds.

'lhble 3.4: Land Use along the Transmission Line ROW 7 Distance 1 C1ear;;;;Area ' I

Land Class % of Route

Paddy 15.76% 1 Houses I tree crops I gardens

Plantation trees -

Forest 6 2 4

Grassland x

Reverie features I main canals 1.2 3.6

Main roads and rail 1.2 --

2.12%

Total 56.40 1 169.2

Source: Project Area Only

3.3.5. Local Economy and Household Characteristics

The local economy along the length of the ROW is characterized by rural production and the provision of basic goods and services. The most common primary occupation is farming (38%

'Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 23 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial E n vironnl e~ital Exam ination Description of the Environmerit

of AP respondents), with rice providing the main source of income. Other occupations and income sources reported in the survey included: small business seller, driver, worker, officials.

Reported annual household incomes ranged from $13 to $2,737, with a median income of $1 83 and an average of $249 (Preliminuy Social Econonlic Survey results).

Household heads were reported as having a median age of 44 years in the Preliminary Socio- economic Survey, and median level of education of seven years. The spouses of the household heads were reported as having a median age of 41 years, and median level of education of four years.

The head of severely affected APs have a level of education above that of the general population from data compiled for commune along the ROW (Laos Border to Stung Treng), with almost 14% is illiteracy while 34% is literacy compared to total population in the affected village. These figures not include the kids beyond 6 years old and the people older than 55 years old.

Table 3.5: Percentage of Educated People Affected by the Project

I Total

Province -

p u n g Treng

2

Source: Project Area Only

District

3.3.6. Energy Use and Electricity Supply

l lliteracy --

Cornrnune

Tren Stun: I a H a i n g Korsuon

Haing Korban Trney

Koh Korden

Biomass is the main source of energy in the rural areas along the transmission line route, dominated by the burning of fuel wood, charcoal and agricultural residues. These rural areas have no main electricity supply, however many households consume a small amount of electricity derived from batteries. Rural villages are serviced by small independent power generators that operate battery recharging businesses. Households use 12 V batteries for running a house light or television, whilst smaller batteries are used for hunting and other purposes.

Affected Villages (Adult)

3.3.7. Transportation and Communications

Kamphann 126 Kilo Brarnbey 70

350

230

Road transport in the project area primarily occurs via National Route 7 (NR7) the main

660

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 24 Korea Electric Porver Corporation

1 245 190

440 440 474

Initial Environmental Exam ination Description of the Environment

arterial route in the area, which runs from the Laos border to Stung Treng Province. The section of NR 7 from Stung Treng to the L,aos Border is in good condition.

Local telecommunications are limited in rural areas along the transmission line route. Stung Treng town is serviced by telephone landlines.

3.3.8. Historic and Religious Sites

There are no historic areas along the transmission line route or within the region of influence of the proposed line.

Ministry of Industty, Mines and Enerm 25 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Init ial Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Environmental impacts that may result from construction or operation are summarized in Table 4.1. The duration of each impact is indicted as either "permanent" (P) or "temporary" (T), whilst the "adverse" (A) or "beneficial" (B) nature of the impact is also indicated. Impacts have been classed as "primary" based on the relative significance of that impact to others.

Table 4.1 : Impact Matrix

The potential bio-physical and socio-economic impacts associated with the transmission line vary greatly between the construction and operation phases of the project. The majority of environmental impacts will occur during, or result from, line construction. The type and extent of potential environmental impacts vary depending upon topography, land use, vegetation cover

I


construction; line

round disturbance.

Issue

Land Acquisition and Land Use Change

In~pact

Permanent land use change

Land use restrictions

Initiating Project Action

Tower construction; substation construction

The temporary access tracks; batching plant operation; tower

Adverse Beneficial

A

A

Impact Duration (tem./per)

P

'I'

Prin~ary Significance

X

Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Im~ac t and Jfitipation Measures

and settlement pattern.

The primary bio-physical impacts associated with transmission line construction and operation are land use change and vegetation loss. Secondary potential impacts include land and crop disturbance, habitat loss and wildlife deaths, erosion and usual intrusion.

4.1. NEGATIVE IMPACT IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE

4.1.1. LAND ACQUISITION AND LAND USE CHANGE

Land acquisition is required to establish the transmission line towers and substation. Land acquisition, which will depend on the final design, for the tower site around 160 tower for the 115kV line will be 0.40 ha (5x5 m), (4m square tower base plus 1 m). Land to be acquired at the substation sites in Stung Treng Province (70m x50m) will totally be 0.35 ha with an additional 0.015ha required for access road leading to substation. Accordingly, total land acquisition is estimated to be 0.765 ha for substations and foot print, to be confirmed during the final design.

Most of the 0.40 ha required for the project is private land. All landowners who will have land acquired for poles will only have a single acquired site.

Mitigation Measures

Fair compensation will be paid for acquired land based on current market rates, taking into account land capability.

Owners of land acquired for 115 kV towers will be permitted to grow cereal crops under the towers.

Table 4.2: Estimated Land Acquisition

4.1.2. LAND USE RESTRICTIONS

Transmission Line Component

115 kV Pole Substation

Land use restrictions will be placed on all land within the ROW. Vegetation will be restricted to a 3 m height, whilst no structures will be permitted to be constructed within the easement. On rural land, this will reduce the agricultural capability of land by denying the growing of most trecs in the ROW. On urban or industrial land, land use capability will be reduced by prohibiting structures.

Immediately outside the ROW tree height restrictions will also be applied, as indicated in

Land area

0.4 0.35

Ministry of Industv, Mines and Energy 27 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Total Area 1 0.67 0.35

Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitigation kleasures

Figure 2.6. Cereal cropping within the ROW will be permitted as this vegetation is less than 1 m high, whilst garden crops will also be unaffected as they are generally less than 3 m high (e.g. cassava grows to around 3 m).

Mitigation Measures

o A one-off compensation payment may be paid to affected landowners to offset the devaluation of land within the ROW due to reduced land capability. This payment is being considered in the Resettlement Plan, based on current or future land capability, depending upon the site. No compensation will be paid for vegetation height restrictions applied to land adjoining the ROW.

4.1.3 CROP AND LAND DISTURBANCE

Disruption of farming activities and the disturbance of crops, bunds, canals and drains will occur during construction and some line maintenance activities where machinery access has to be gained and no permanent roads exist. Crop disturbance during construction will result from the establishment of a temporary 3-4 m wide access way to each tower site, the construction of each tower site and conductor stringing. Short sections of paddy bunds and drainlcanal embankments will be temporarily removed and drains1 canals may be temporarily tilled to establish access, to be reinstated by the contractor once construction has been completed.

Major maintenance activities are likely to have a similar impact, but only at specific sites. Essential maintenance activities will mainly only disturb crops between July-December when wetland rice is grown on approximately 40 % of the ROW. Therefore, total likely crop disturbance during this period would be small.

Spoil will be created from the excavation of tower footings. Approximately 3-4 m' of fill will be excavated to establish voids for poured concrete foundations. In addition, approximately 3500m2 (Im x 0.35 ha) of fill is required to construct the Stung Treng, assuming a 1 m depth of fill. Land disturbance may also occur at each temporary concrete batching plant site, with approximately 4,550 m2 of land required at each substation.

Mitigation Measures

Contractor will select the suitable Machinery for construction activities in according to site situation and minimization of ground disturbance.

Construction activities on cropping land will be timed to avoid disturbance of field crops within one month of harvest (November to December) wherever possible.

Established roads and tracks will be used for construction and maintenance access to the line wherever possible.

Where access is required off existing roads and tracks, access will be restricted

illinistry of Industry, Mines and Energy 28 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial En vironmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

to a single camageway width within the ROW unless more direct and lower impact access can be gained.

The temporary placement of fill in drainslcanals will not be permitted where impeded drainage could cause flooding or damage.

Fill temporarily placed in drainslcanals will be removed, whilst excavated drainlcanal embankments will be reinstated, immediately following the required access.

Compensation for lost production will be paid for crops disturbed prior to harvest based on area of disturbed crop, market price and agreed yield

Spoil excavated from tower footings will be disposed of by placement along roadsides, or at nearby house blocks if requested by landowners, to improve these features.

Wiruiing of f i l l for the substation foundations by creating or improving local ponds or drains, undertaken with the agreement of local communities.

Temporary concrete batching plants will be located on disturbed sites or areas of low production potential (e.g. grassland) where possible.

4.1.4. SOIL EROSION

Soils along the ROW are generally susceptible to erosion due to a high dispensability, therefore ground disturbance has the potential to create an erosion hazard reduced vegetative cover from ROW clearing and general ground disturbance from machinery operation while construction will only create a low erosion hazard as ground slopes rarely exceed 2%. Exceptions to this will be on riverbanks and on the batters of canals and drains where vegetation removal and ground disturbance on these steeper slopes may create a moderate to high erosion hazard on these specific sites. A moderate erosion hazard will also be created on embankment batters at the substation sites during and following land filling.

Mitigation Measure

Constn~ction activities involving significant ground disturbance (i.e. substation land forming) will not be undertaken during the monsoon season (mid May to October).

Tree clearance to enable line construction and establish the ROW will seek to leave ground cover (i.e. grass and low shrubs) undisturbed as much as possible.

Tree clearing will only invoke the cutting of trees to ground level or pruning as appropriate, with tree stilnlps and roots retained.

Substation embankments will be top soiled and planted with a cover crop and perennial ground cover species immediately following final land forming to provide rapid and long-term ground stabilization.

The fenced substation compounds will include the embankments to ensure that

- Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 29 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Examinatio~r E~rvironmental Impact and Alitigation hieasrires

ground cover is protected from over grazing or harvesting.

8 Excess fill fiom tower foundation excavation will be disposed of by land forming next to roads or around houses, in agreement with the local comn~unity or landowner. All land-formed areas will be seeded with a cover crop and perennial grass mix.

Where fill is obtained from specific sites for the constn~ction of the substation foundations, these sites will be rehabilitated by seeding with a cover crop and perennial grass mix.

4.1.5. WATER QUALITY AND SOIL CONTAMINATION

Construction activities will require a small volume of water for concreting and to supply the construction workforce with drinking water and for sanitation purposes. Water will be drawn fiom nearby streams, springs and other sources, with the agreement of local people as necessary.

Water sources are susceptible to pollution from accidental spills of construction materials, oils and chemicals, and from human contamination from defecation. Appropriate facilities will be provided and controls placed on construction and workforce activities.

Soil and water contamination may occur at the substations from the accidental release of transformer oil. The substations will be bounded in accordance with standards to prevent the loss of oil off site.

Turbidity created by minor erosion and sedimentation resulting from construction will have a negligible impact on water quality.

Mitigation Measures

Fuel and other hazardous materials used during project construction will be stored in a secure manner above flood level and at least 20 m from any body of water, watercourse, and canal or storage pond.

Substations will be constructed above at least the 1:10 year flood level by creating a filled pad.

Substation transformers will be located within secure and impervious bounded areas with a storage capacity of at least 110% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated reserve tanks. Drainage flame traps with oillwater separators will also be installed.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) will be prohibited from use in any electrical equipment.

ini is try of Industry, ~ i n e s and Energy 30 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

4.1.6. NOISE AND AIR QUALITY

Tower foundation construction will be undertaken by boring machines and pile drivers, depending upon site conditions. This equipment will generate noise levels in the range of 55- 60 dBA at the source.

Given the relatively short duration of excavation activities, and the predominantly nlral location of these activities, the resulting noise impact is classified as relatively minor.

Exhaust emission from machinery used for tower and substation construction will be minor, localized and of shoit duration. Dust may be generated on construction sites and at the temporary concrete batching plants from the handling of cement, sand and aggregate.

Mitigation Measure

Construction activities will only be undertaken during the day and local communities will be informed of the constnlction schedule.

Batching plants will be located away from residences where possible.

Temporary concrete hatching plants will be located away from residences to reduce the potential for dust in inhabited areas.

Water spraying of construction site particularly in dry and windy condition.

4.1.7 LOSS OF TREE RESOURCES

Private and cotnmunal trees and plants above 3 m height within the 30 m wide ROW will be either removed or pruned to provide the necessary conductor clearance distance illustrated in Figure 2.6. This will involve the removal of classes as having economic value, as recorded in the asset survey. Trees up to 3 m in height will be permitted within the ROW, such as banana palms.

In addition, large trees within 30 m of the base of towers and poles will be selectively removed or pnlned to reduce the height of trees that have the potential of falling and striking these structures. Tree removal or pruning will also be undertaken immediately outside the ROW to prevent trees from falling and striking the lowest conductor (as low as 8 m above ground level).

Tree removal and pruning will mainly occur in settlement areas, where the majority of trees occur. Trees in the ROW from Laos Border to Stung Treng will be cleared or pruned on 68.64 ha of "settlement/tree/garden area" (table 3 3 ) and 135 ha from Laos Border to Stung Treng (table 3.5b) will be cleared. Scattered trees such as sugar palms and coconut palms that are grown on paddy land, canal embankments, riverbanks and roadsides comprise the remaining trees to be removed or pruned.

hiinistry of Industry, Mines and Energy 31 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Init ial Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitiantion Measures

A large number of replacement trees will be grown by households outside the ROW to offset lost production, therefore the long-term loss of trees will be less than the number of tree removed.

Rlitigation Measures

= Trees that can survive pruning to less than 3 m height will be pruned to provide the required line clearance distances, not cleared.

= Vegetation to be cleared.wil1 be marked prior to clearance to ensure that minimal clearance occurs. Trees that have mature heights in excess of the required clearances will be clearly marked, and only these trees will be felled or trimmed to meet the clearance requirements.

= Felled trees and other cleared or pruned vegetation (wood, branches and foliage) will be made availablelretained by the owner of that vegetation for hislher use, or will be removed if requested by the owner.

Compensation for removed or pruned trees will be paid at fair market value based on tree type and age.

4.1.8 HABITAT LOSS

Wildlife will be affected by transmission line construction and operation through the loss of habitat from ROW vegetation clearing, and from the deaths of individuals caused by electrocution or flight impact.

No areas of high habitat value were identified along the ROW, with ROW tree clearance generally restricted to managed production trees and the 30 m easement, therefore habitat loss is considered insignificant.

Mitigation Measures

Trees up to a 3 m height will be retained within the ROW

Trees that can survive pruning to less than 3 m height will be pruned to provide the required line clearance distances, nor cleared.

= Transmission line construction workers will be prohibited from harvesting or collecting fuel wood or other tree products in the project area during their employment, apart from the current activities of locally employed staff.

4.1.9 RESETTLEMENT

The transmission line ROW has been located to avoid settlements, 94 small business shops will be little affected and will require moving l m or 2m backward. Small compensation will be paid to the affected owners.


Initial Environmental Examination Environmental I m ~ a c t and Mitieation hleasures

No impact will occur to "host" communities where land is acquired for relocating households as these households will be relocated within their own communities.

Mitigation Measures

Replacement houses, other buildings and facilities will be constnicted to a similar standard as the existing structures.

Replaced structures will, in order of preference, be located on the existing landholding outside the ROW, on a replacement block of land in the vicinity of the original building or at a similar site agreed upon with the owner.

Relocated households will retain title over their existing ROW land (except tower and substation sites) despite being compensated with a house block and an adjacent tree and garden area, thereby gaining additional land for garden production or similar.

Relocation expenses and allowances will be paid to affected households to cover for the cost of moving possessions and the cost of inconvenience during relocation.

Building materials from Structures removed from the ROW will be made available to the relocation household for its use. Materials that are not wanted by the household will be disposed of by the design and construct engineer.

4.1.10 HEALTH AND SAFETY

Health and Safety Factors are mainly described with providing the mitigation measures below.

A. LABOR FORCE

The numbers of cases of sexual transmitted disease may be created by the temporary influx of construction workers into the project area from construction activities and from the operation of the transmission and distributio~~ lines.

Based on conducting site survey, the labor force within affected villages includes 12% unemployed, 37% farmers, 18% fishermen, 10% merchants and 5% officials, 30% are laborers. The available labor force for the project would be 992.

Table:4.3: Labor Force within the Affected Villages


Source: Affected Villages Only

Commune Unemployed Omcials

50 - 25 24 8

8

L- 127

Farmers

300 260 235 9 5 65 37

992

Fishermen

240

1- 8 5 30

3111 32

481

-

Samakey

-

T o 3

Workers

100 4 3 120 130 5 7 24

474

Merchants

90

25 34

36 282

Haing Korsuon Haing Korban Tme y Koh Korden ~ a m ~ h a n n Kilo Brambcy

--

50 3 5 50 80 7 5 34

324


Mitigation Measures

The Design and Construct Contractor will prepare an Occupational Health and Safety Plan and provide relatcd training and instructions to all staff before each person commences duties.

The construction workforce facilities provided by the Design and Constn~ct Contractor will include proper sanitation, water supply and waste disposal facilities.

Public health information will be provided to the construction workforce prior to the commencement of on-site work, primarily covering the prevention of HIVIAIDS.

B. CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS

Health hazards from construction activities will occur from heavy machinery operation, the handling of hazardous materials and general construction activities. Unexploded ordinance (UXO) can probably occur within the ROW and thus poses a significant hazard at these locations.

Mitigation Measures

A boundary marker and access control will be prohibiting possible construction hazards from general construction activities.

Unexploded ordinance (UXO) will be surveyed and a boundary marker and access control (sturdy fencing with locked gate) will be performed.

4.1.11 HISTORIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS SITES

'The transn~ission line route avoids crossing or running within close proximity of historic, cultural and religious sites, and no graves are crossed by the ROW.

Mitigation Measures

The transmission line route avoids crossing or running within close proximity of historic, cultural and religious sites, and no graves are crossed by the ROW.

4.2 NEGATIVE IICZPACT IN CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE STAGE

4.2.1. ELECTROCUTION

Electrocution can occur from contact with the live conductors, flashover from the conductor to a tower and conductor breakage. Contact with live conductors or flashover to a person or


Initial Environmental Examination Envirotrmental Inrpact and Mitigation Measures

object near a live line is highly unlikely to occur given that a safe minimum vertical clearance from ground level of 7 m and 6 m will be provided to both 115 kV lines respectively. The accidental failure of the transmission line involving a conductor breakage is also highly i~nlikely to result in people being electrocuted. Very sensitive and 100% redundant transmission line protection will be adopted for the line. This protection will detect any fault, including conductor snapping, and causes the line to be de-energized within three cycles (i.e. 60 milliseconds), thus largely avoiding the potential for electrocution from breakage. Three main methods will be used to limit the lightning voltage that may appear at a substation overhead ground wires (shield conductors from lightning strikes); reduced line insulation or gaps near the transformer station; and lightning (surge) arresters, as near as possible to the transformer (discharge incoming impulses to the ground).

Mitigation Measures

Wherever towers are located close to settlements, fences, signs and metal guard structures on the towers can be used to dissuade people and wildlife such as monkeys from climbing the towers.

The use of marker balls on conductors will be considered in the detailed design of 11 5 kV lines to make the conductors more visible. Specific sites considered will include where air traf'fic is more likely.

Public disclosure to local con~munity through television, radio, or brochure 011

danger because of electrocution.

4.2.2. RADIO AND TV INTERFERENCE

High voltage transmission lines can develop a "corona effect" caused by the ionization of air around the conductors, insulators an(! hardware due to a constant elcctric charge. This effect occurs when the stress on the air surrounding the conductor and associated hardware exceeds the breakdown strength of air. It results in power loss and electromagnetic interference to radio and television signals, producing low level noise, but does not pose a health hazard. The corona effect is generally low in dry weather and rises as moisture levels increase.

Conductor size is a significant detenninant of corona effect. The selection of a sufficiently large conductor prevents the onset of corona.

Mitigation Measures

Transmission line design will comply with the limits of electromagnetic interference from overhead AC power lines and high voltage Equipment Installation AS/NZS 2344: 1997 and equivalent international standards.

Conductors (more than one conductor/phase) will be used for the 115 kV line to mitigate the corona effect.

The design of all line conductor fittings, vibration dampers, tension clamps and

Mirristry of Industry, Mines and Energy 35 Korea Eledric Power Corporation


other line components will avoid sharp corners or projections that would produce high electrical stresses in normal working conditions. The design of adjacent metal parts and mating surfaces will prevent corrosion of the contact surfaces and maintain good electrical contact under service conditions.

Care will be taken during manufacture of conductors and fittings and during subsequcnt handling to ensure smooth surfaces free fiom abrasion.

4.2.3. FLIGHT DEATHS AND ELECTROCUTION

Fauna deaths during transmission line operation may result from flight impact or electrocution. Studies in Europe have identified that significant numbers of avifauna may be killed, especially in areas rich in wetland bird habitats. Limited information is available on the effect of transmission lines on mammals such as bats and monkeys.

A. BIRDS Larger predatory birds can be killed by electrocution, while nocturnally active avifauna is more frequently involved in wire strikes. Medium to large waterfowl are susceptible to wire strikes as they often lack maneuverability and have a high incidence of low-level flight activity. Bird deaths from strikes usually occur at night during rain when visibility is poor. Many losses occur when birds strikes the ground wire, which is not as visible as conductors.

In flight, birds can collide into the cables of power lines because cables are often difficult to see. In most cases the impact of collision leads to immediate death or to fatal injuries and mutilations. In principle, birds of any flying species can become victims of collisions with some types of aerial wire or high-voltage power lines. Migrating birds flying at heights between 20 m and 50 m are at considerable risk of collision.

Mitigation iV1easu res Migration flight altitude is dependent on many factors, such as flight distance, weather, wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, time of day and topography, as well as the species, size and structure of the bird. Many important investigations on bird collision have been performed on high- and highest-voltage power lines. There is a lack of information about migratory routes, especially nocturnal ones and about any concentrations at critical heights which would increase the risk of collision.

To minimise bird deaths associated with transn~ission lines will be considered near the Ramsar Site during detailed line design (at Stung Treng). Silhouettes of birds of prey attached to conductors to frighten birds Markers, such as colored balls (red) attached to conductors to enhance visibility by birds. Modifications to mitigate electrocution, such as perch guards and conductor insulation (Helland-Hansen et al, 1995).


Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitigation hleasures

B. MAMMALS

Mammals Bats may strike transmission line wires at night, while arboreal mammals such as monkeys may be electrocuted by climbing towers and reaching wires. Many of the mitigation measures applicable for birds will also minimise bat strike, as flight paths are similar.

Mammals may be electrocuted by either sim~~ltaneously touching a conductor and earthing on a tower, or by touching two conductors. It is expected that arboreal mammals will only utilise towers to escape from predators, chase prey or out of curiosity. The required vegetation clearance distances from the base of towers and lines will ensure that monkeys do not move directly from trees onto towers or lines. However, considering the inquisitive behaviour of monkeys, they may climb towers and consequently risk electrocution.

hIitigation Measures

Installation of screens to prevent monkeys and other arboreal mammals climbing towers will be considered in the design of the towers.

A monitoring program will be undertaken to determine the occurrence of fauna deaths associated with the transmission line. Additional mitigation measures will be considered if implemented measures are unsuccessful.

4.3. POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAI, IMPACT

4.3.1 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS

The main social and economic benefits that are intended to flow from the transmission of electricity from Laos Border to Stung Treng are:

increased electricity supply and improved supply reliability decreased cost of electricity; electrification of un-serviced rural areas.

Increased electricity supply and improved supply reliability should eventually lead to a decrease in the cost of electricity. These benefits will indirectly promote development by making production more reliable and cost effective.

The supply of electricity to villages near the transmission line would make electricity more affordable and reduce the need for battery recharging by households that currently use electricity.

Domestic laborers will be employed in the project construction, with the minority coming from Phnom Penh. Local enlployment will generate income in the project area, albeit for a short duration.

Landowners who own houses to be relocated away from the ROW to a site off their existing landholding will gain a small area of additional land due to the need to purchase a house



block and the retention of the ROW land.

Laborers for construction of the transmission line will be sourced from local areas where appropriate therefore the economic benefit of their income will be largely retained in the region.

It is emphasized that land acquisition for construction tower and substation sites should be at fair market value. Replacement housing will be the same quality as existing structures and compensation for cleared trees will be paid at fair market value as specified in the RP. Accordingly, no economic loss to private landholders will result from transmission line construction.

Mitigation Measures

Labor intensive construction methods will be considered by the Design and Construct Contractor where a time or cost penalty is not likely to be incurred in order to create employment.

At least 50% of the unskilled construction workforce will be sourced from the project area (Excluding Phnom Penh), as a condition of the Tender.

Contracts for the regular pruning of vegetation within and next to the ROW will be given to local village-based contractors if there is no cost penalty incurred.

4.3.2. REDUCE AIR POLLUTION

Air quality in Provincial Town will be improved as a direct consequence of electricity importation. Whilst existing HFO and LDO plants will not cease operation when the transmission line becomes operational, and electricity consumption in Provincial Towns is likely to increase as a consequence of the greater and more reliable electricity supply delivered by the project, the existing polluting generation will be reduced as soon as the transmission line is operational, leading to a reduced need to generate up to 629 GWhla from HFO and LDO. This offsetting of generation will reduce the release of polluting gases and particulate matter in Provincial Towns, particularly SO2, NOx and C02.



V. ENVIRONIVIENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Comprehensive environmental management requircs planning, implcmcntation, supervision and monitoring activities to be undertaken by a range of parties prior to and during project construction and during projcct operation. This includes implementation of the EMP.

5.1. ENVIRONR.IENTA1, MANAGEMENT PLAN

Monitoring the implementation of environmental and social management measures is required to ensure that measures arc undertaken in accordance with the EMP. Auditing the outcomes of implemented measures is also required to identitjr ineffective measures or implementation procedures, allowing the design of improved measures and implementation of corrective actions.

On-going monitoring of the implementation of EMP measures will be primarily the responsibility of the DCC, PIC and IMO. Environmental and social awareness training shall be provided to all personnel whose activities and decisions can affect the environmental and social outcomes of the project.

5.2. EMP fiIONlTORING

Monitoring the inlplementation of environmental and social management measures is required to ensure that measures are undertaken in accordance with the EMP and to cnable measures to be adapted and relined as issucs arise. Auditing the outcomes of implemented measures is also required to identify ineffective measures or inlplementation procedures, allowing the design of improved measures and implerncntation of corrective actions.

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energv 39 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Mana~ement Plan

Table 5.1 : Mitigation Plan

1 Phase Mitigating Measure When M P

is conducted- frequency of

measurement or coiztii~uous?

Land Acquisition and Land Use Change

Crop and land disturbance

Contractor will select the suitable Machinery for construction actinties in according to site situation and minimization of ground disturbance

Construction activities on cropplng land will be timed to avoid disturbance of field crops with~n one month of harvest (November to December) wherever possible.

Established roads and tracks will be used for construction and maintenance access to the line wherever possible.

Where access is required off existing roads and tracks, access will be restricted to a single camageway width within the ROW unless more direct and lower impact access can be gained.

The temporary placement of fill in drainslcanals will not be permitted where impeded dramage could cause flooding or damage.

Fill temporarily placed in drainslcanals will be removed, whilst excavated drainlcanal embankments will be reinstated, immediately following the required access.

Compensation for lost production will be paid for crops disturbed prior to harvest based on area of disturbed crop, market price and agreed yield

Spoil excavated from tower footings will be disposed of by placement along roadsides, or at nearby house blocks if requested by landonners, to improve these features.

Wlnnlng of fill for the substation foundations by creating or Improving local ponds or drains, undertaken with the agreement of local communities.

Temporary concrete batching plants will be located on disturbed sites or

Construction and Operation

Institution Responsibility*

Contractor

Ministry of Industry Mine and Energy 40 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Management Plan

Loss of Tree Resource

areas oilow production potential (e.8. grassland) where possible.

Trees that can survive pruning to less than 3 m height will be pruned to provide the required line clearance distances, not cleared.

1

Vegetat~on to be cleared w11 be marked pnor to clearance to wsure that

, m ~ n ~ m a l clearance occurs Trees that have mature he~ghts m evcess of the requ~red clearances will be clearly marked, and only these trees w11 be felled or mmmed to meet the clearance requ~rements

' Ftlled trees and other cleared o7 -9unzd vegetat~on (wood, branches and fol~age) wl l be mdde .i\~i~ab,c~rztdined by the owner of that vegetation for hisher use, or will ~ c . removed ~f requested by the owner

' Compensation for removed or pruned trres v.111 be paid at fair market value based on tree type and age.

Before Clearance

Clearance

After Clearance

I Health and Safety

I Labor Force

9 The Des~gn and Construct Contractor will prepare an Occupational Health and Safery Plan and provide related tralning and instructions to all staff before each person commences duties.

The construction workforce facilities provided by the Design and Construct Contractor will include proper sanitation, water supply and waste disposal facilities.

Construction / Contractor

Puhlic health information will be provided to the construction workforce 1 ' pnor to the commencement of on-utr work, pnmri ly covering the prevention of HIVIAIDS.

I

Construction IIa~ards

' A boundary marker and access control ill be prohibiting possible construction hazards from general construction activities.

' Unexploded ordinance (UXO) will be surveyed and a boundary marker and access control (sturdy fencing with locked gate) will be performed.

Before Construction

Construction

--

Ministry of Industry Mine and Energy 4 1 Korea Electric Power Corporation


Electrocution

Wherever towers are located close to settlements, fences, signs and metal guard structures on the towers can be used to dissuade people and wildlife such as monkeys from climbing the towers.

The use of marker balls on conductors will be considered in the detailed design of 115 kV lines to make the conductors more visible. Specific sites cons~dsred will include where air traffic 1s more likely.

Public disclosure to local community through television, radio, or brochure on danger because of electrocution.

Before Construction

Construction

Operation

Radio and TV Interference

Transmission line design will comply with the limits of electromagnetic interference from overhead AC power lines and h ~ g h voltage Equipment Installation ASNZS 2344: 1997 and equivalent international standards.

Conductors (more than one conductor/phase) w l l be used for the 1 IS kLt line to mltlgate the corona effect.

The design of all line conductor fittings, vibrahon dampers, tension clamps and other line components will avoid sharp comers or projections that would produce h ~ g h electrical stresses in normal working conditions. The design of adjacent metal parts and mating surfaces will prevent corrosion of the contact surfaces and maintain good electrical contact under service conditions.

Before Construction

Care will be taken during manufacture of conductors and fittings and during subsequent handling to ensure smooth surfaces free from abrasion.

Construct~on actlvltles w l l only be undertaken dunng the day and local communltles w l l be Informed of the construchon schedule

Batching plants will be located away fromresidences where poss~ble. Before Construction Noise and .4ir Brains Effect

Contractor t - Quality

P Contractor


Temporary concrete hatching plants ulll be located away from residences to reduce the potential for dust in inhabited areas.

Construction

Operation


1 Waicr spraylng of construction site part~cularly in dry and windy condition.

i

Fauna 1 Habitat Loss

I

Bird and Mamnlal Deaths

Trees that can sunrive pruning to less than 3 m height will be pruned to provide the requtred line clearance distances, nor cleared.

Trees up to a 3 m height will be retained slthin the ROW

Transmission line construction workers will be prohibited from harvesting or collecting fuel wood or other hee products in the project area dunng their employment, apart from the current activities of locally employed staff.

I

To minimise bird deaths associated with transmission lines uill be considered near the Ramsar Site during detailed line design (at Stung Treng).

Silhouettes of birds of prey attached to conductors to frighten birds

Markers, such as colored balls (red) attached to conductors to enhance visibil~ty by birds.

h t o d ~ f i ~ ~ n o n s to mlt~gate electrocut~on, such as perch guards and conductor lnsulat~on (Helland-Hansm el al, 1995)

Installation of screens ro prevent monkeys and other arboreal mammals climbing towers wll be considered in the design of the towers.

A momronng program w~l l be undertaken to determine the occurrence of fauna deaths associated wlth the transmtsslon l~ne Add~honal mltlgat~un measures uill be constdered ~f ~mplemented measures are unsuccessful

Before Construction

Before Constmctlon

Construction

Operation

Contractor

Contractor

Erosion Soil Erosion

Construct~on actlvltles ~nvolv~ng slgn~ticant ground disturbance (I e subbtatlon land formlng) wll not be undertaken dunng the monsoon season (nild May to October)

Tree clearance to enable line coi1,tructlon and establish the ROW ail1 seek to leave ground cover (i.e. grass and low shrubs) undisturbed as much as nossihle.

Before Consmction

Construction



Water Pollution and Soil Contamination

Tree clearing will only invoke the cutting of trees to ground level or pruning as appropriate, with tree stumps and roots retained.

Substation embankments will be top soiled and planted with a cover crop and perennial ground cover spec~es ~nuned~ately following final land forming to provide rapid and long-term ground stab~lization.

The fenced substahon compounds will include the embankments to ensure rhar ground cover is protected from over grazing or harvesting.

Excess fill from tower foundation excavation w11 be dlsposed of by land formlng next to roads or around houses, in agreement with the local conununity or landowner. All land-formed areas w l l be seeded w t h a cover crop and perennial grass mix.

Where GI1 1s obtained from specific sites for the construction of the substation foundations, these sites will be rehabilitated by seeding w t h a cover crop and perennlal grass mlx.

Operation

Fuel and other hazardous rnatenals used dunng project construction w ~ l l be stored in a secure manner above flood level and at least 20 m from any body of water, watercourse, and canal or storage pond.

Substations will be constructed above at least the 1:lO year flood level by creating a filled pad.

Substation transformers will be located within secure and impervious bounded areas with a storage capacity of at least 110% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated reserve tanks. Drainage flame traps w t h oll!water separators will also be installed.

Polychlorinated biphenyls w l l be prohibited from use in any electrical equipment.

Before Construction

Construction

Operation

The transmission llne route avoids crosslng or running within close proximity of historic, cultural and religious sites, and no graves are crossed by the ROW.

Ministty of Industty Mine and Energy 44 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Before Construction Contractor


Table 5.3 : EMP Monitoring Plan

1 I What I Where 1 How I When / Issue ( parameter is to be I is the parameter I is the parameter I is the parameter 1 I monitored? I to he / to be monitored/ I ro he monitored- ' ' monitored? qty;eof frequencyof

monitoring measurement or e ui ment? continuous?

CONSTRUCTION

End Date Responsibility

1 Crop and land - Construction machine I ROW and access - Visual Weekly When construction 1 When construction ' 1 disturbance - Condit~on of access road to temporary of - Interview villagers / is completed

Start Date

1 road's to batching plant 1 location I

1 Loss of Tree / Remark Trzes to be Resources cleared or pruned to 3m

I EDCiPMU 1 : Forestry Administrative Dzfore cleared or After cleared and 1 pruned tree starts pruned tree

I Labor Forcz 1 - IIsalth and safety

planning. - Samtation, water

I supply and garbage i - o i \ e public health 1 infomation before I construction starts.

Site Visual When I When consmiction construction starts is conlple~ed

Once per month I

I Construction Hazards Make fence surrounding The site that have ' Visual

I the UXO sites. 1 UXO

EDCIPMU

Weekly EDCIPMU i

When When construction construction starts is completed

I I I I 1 I,- ; -

1 - Marhers and use of 1 I I 1

Ministry of Industry Mine and Energy 4 5 Korea Electric Power Corporation

1 Elech-ocut~on protection 1 Every 3 months 1 FDCiPMU - Use color balls I

I

When construct~on 1s completed


- Equipment Installation Interference ASNZS 2344 or

equivalent attached to conductors at each

1 substat~on.

1 - Batching sites

Brains Effect 1 - Day time construction

1 - Information of 1 construction ( schedule

Substation

- Temporary batching plants.

- ROW

- Visual - interview with

Villagers

workers. I so,l ~ r o s l o n 1 - Foot pnnt

I pole

I

Habitat Loss - Pnority of tree and ROW and Site I vegetable. I - Pruned tree to i m i

1 - Dike of Substation I I

1 - Visual - Interview with

Villagers i - Prohibit the collection 1 of m e products irom 1 i

I

1 equipment. 1 substation i d 1 ! transformer. I

I

fIistoric and ,-ultura, Priority of Historic and +--+- Site for visible Effect I "ltura' heritage. 1

Water and Soil

When equipment EDCiPMU arrived site. is completed

1

- Oil and hazardous - Warehouse and Visual

I Once per month j

Contamination 1 material storage. storage. 1 - PCBs use in electricity

EDCIPMU

- Once per year - Once per month

- Weekly t !

- Once per month after raining

Weekly when elecmcity equipment amved site.

When it w a s f o u n d

4

EDCiPMU

! is completed

EDCiPMU

1 EDCIPMU

starts 1 is completed

is completed 1

,

--


1

Initial Environmental Exuminatiort

5.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES

EDC and the PMO (Phnom Penh) will be responsible for ensuring the project complies with t he environmental policies, procedures, and best practices of the GoC and World Bank. EDC w ill check the specifications and special provisions that are set out in the construction contract. The Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) will be responsible for ensuring, on a day-to- day basis, that the mitigation measures and monitoring activities identified in t h e EMP are properly implemented.

EDC will be required to assign two environmental specialists in Phnom Penh during the const ruction phase and one permanent environmental specialist during project implementation to efficiently implement the required environmental monitoring and evaluation works at the sites. Additionally, an External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will be required to include a bird specialist or engage the services of an internationally recognized NGO specializing in bird issues associated with development projects: in particular transmission line projects. The EMA will coordinate its' efforts with the PIC. Environmental procedures to be followed are described below:

Data Collection

Construction Most data collection would be performed by the PMO (Phnom Penh). Some monitorin

g activities (see Monitoring Plan) are the responsibility of government authorities (e.g. Forest Authority and Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts for cultural properties), again these are specif ied in the Monitoring Plan.

Operation The EDC Office of Social, Environment and Public Relations will have full responsibi

lity for most data collection. Issues related to bird flights and any associated impacts from the transmission line would be the responsibility of the EMA.

Data Analvsis

Con.struction Data will be analyzed by the PMO with PIC assistance.

Operation Data will be analyzed by EDC. EDC will includc one environmental specialist assigned to ana l y ~ e all the environmental data collected. Information regarding bird flight and associated imp

' acts would be analyzed by the EMA.

Reporting (Iacludin~ Recommended Actions)

Construction Thc PMO assisted by the Design and Construction Contractor, the PIC and the EMA will prep are environmental reports and any recommendations for further actions based upon on their d



ata analysis and issue reports as follows:

Weekly reports to EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department)

Quarterly reports to EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), MIME, and the Ministry of Environment

Semiannual reports EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), MIME, the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank

Annual reports to EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), MIME, the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank

Reporting to the World Bank will be done as part of EdC regular reporting requirements. Each report to the World Bank will be required to include a separate section on environment, whic

h will include a summary of the findings, any environmental issues that occurred during the re porting period and how they were managed, or how they will be managed, and a schedule for completion.

Operation EdC, MIME, the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank will receive reports at least an nually.

Management

Construction The PIC and EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), possibly with r ecommendations from the Ministry of Environment will be responsible for implementing any recommendations presented in the environmental reports.

Operation EDC Transmission and Distribution Department will be responsible for implementing any rec ommendations presented in the environmental reports.


Initial Environmental Examination Consultation

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

6.1. OBEJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULATION

Information dissemination is made to consultation with and participation of PAPs to reduce the potential for conflicts, minimize the risk of Project delays, and enable the Project to design smoothly as a comprehensive development program to suit the needs and priorities of the PAPs, thereby maximizing the economic and social benefits of the investment. Specific objectives of the public information campaign and public consultation are as follows:

To establish a clear, easily accessible and effective conlplaint and inform about environmeiltal impacts & mitigation measures. 'To share fully the information about the proposed Projects, its components and its activities, with the PAPs. To obtain information about the needs and priorities of the PAPs, as well as information about their reactions to proposed policies and activities. To obtain the cooperation and participation of the PAPs and communities in activities required to be undertake11 for environmental management. To ensure transparency in all activities related to environmental impact & mitigation measure.

During the site suivey in February and March, 2006, the study teams conducted interviews and consultations with villagers, head of villages. and head of communes for Vietnam Border- Kampong Cham and 1,aos Border to Stung Treng transmission line Project. The study teams directly visited houses of 11. :id of village, head of commune, and invited affected villagers to attend the consultation met. .g.

According to data sheets, general information of the villages, specific information of affected land, villagers' attitudes and comments towards the project's impact were collected by interviews.

The consultants visited the villages where the transmission lines are passing and met the affected people there. And consultants presented the official document issued by MIME to the head of the village and the related people and had a discussion about the environmental impacts and mitigation measures which can happen during the project.

6.3 PARTICIPATION

Public participation includes both the information exchange (dissemination and consultation), and collaborative forms of decision-making (participation). Dissemination refers to transfer of information from Project authority (EdC Counter partner) to the affected population. Consultation, on the other hand, generally refers to joint discussion between 49 Project authorities and the affected population serving as a conduit for transfer of information and sharing of ideas.



6.4 Public Consultation

The public consultation meeting held on 15 November 2006 at Stung Treng District, Stung Treng Province. Purpose of the this meeting to inform and disclose of the project activity to stakeholders on Project Impact on households, shops, tree, vegetable and land use of the people that live along the 1 15kV ROW from Laos Border to Stung Treng.

The public consultation have presented of subject like scope of the project, project activities, potential of the environmental and social impact, especially impact on local communities that live along the 11 5 kV transmission line (along national road No 7). The attendants had more questions and recommendation as summary as follow:

Steng Treng Public Consultation Session

Date : November 15,2006 Time and Venue: 8: 300-12:OO at Steng Treng District

This public consultation meeting attended by the Stung Treng's local authority and concerned institution of the projects such as Electricitk du Cambodge, Ministry of Economy and Finance, and representative of 1I.E Governor of Province, representative of relevant departments in the province, district authority, commune, village and reporter.

This consultation session was introduced by Mr. M A 0 Visal, Head Office of Social, Environment and Public Relation of Elkctricitk du Cambodge and followed by Mr. M A 0 Visal and Mr. CHEN Sophanna made presentation on Social and Environmental Impact and Resettlement, which was followed by comments and questions as following:

Summary of the discussed main points:

Before posing the questions and commending in this consultancy meeting, Mr. CHEN Sophanna raised the reasons of conducting this meeting that, it is an essential part of the project to be disseminated the awareness of the project and consulting with the ministry, relevant department and local authority and the people living along the transmission line trace which required the advantage and suffered impact due to the project to obtain those commences to discuss with awareness and find out good measures to alleviate the possible bad impacts.

Comment 1 : Mr. HAK Vimean, Deputy Director of Provincial Environment Department and Director of Ramsar site in Stung Treng

A. This project is very important for national socio-economic, and poverty alleviation. However, the project has to concern about the main consequences; there are the impacts on lands, wide animals, birds, eg. Troyorng is a scare bird with only 200 in the world and these birds still lives in the province around 30, they fly from Sieni Bang district, and Ou

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 50 Korea Electric Power Corporatiorr

Initial Environmental Examirration Consultation

Svay to our Sekong River. And the birds that movc from Tonle Sap across to Sekong River in Beong York region, has many kinds and million amount, such as Anhinga Melanogaster from May to June. Does this transmission line affect to those birds or not? Does the project have any measures to mitigate the birds' impact?

B. Forestry has no consequence due to along the road side, most has almost been cut down. Nevertheless, we have to ask the permission from Mong Rithy Company before constructing on its granted land. Around there, one village has been affected is village Kilo 8. Which measures do we have to oblique or reduce in order to develop continuity.

C. Where does the electricity source of supplying to Steng Treng province come from?

Respond : by Mr. CHEN Sophanna and Mr. M A 0 Visa1

A. Thanks to the meaningful qucstion. To mitigate the birds impact, we have some measures as following:

Silhouettes of birds of prey attached to conductors to frighten birds Markers, such as colored balls (red) attached to conductors to enhance visibility by

birds. Modifications to mitigate electrocution, such as perch guards and conductor insulation

(Helland-Hansen et al, 1995). B. Our study is to choose the linc trace 15-20 m from road center which was appointed by sub

decree 06 of the government to divert the affected forcst and animal shelter. Now, there is a small affcct on the forest along the side road du(x to most of them has almost been cut. By the way, the effect on plants, property and land. tile government will compensate due to the market price which is agreed by the government and World Bank. And working g o u p of Inter-Ministry cooperates with Sub-committee of provincial resettlement will do Detail Measurement Survey and compensation before the project commencement.

C. The transmission line will be interconnected from Laos at Bahad, not from the region which is near Cambodia-laos border.

Comment 2: Mr. Phonn Saret, Deputy Chief of Education Office in Steng Treng District.

A. Does the border between Canbodia - Laos has been clearly limited? Does the pole which construct along the border have any consequences to the limited border or not?

Respond: by Mr. CHEN Sophanna

In the Power Purchase Agrecment between our two countries stated that the electricity tower is not the limited the boundary behveen countries and the border in present will be determined by border poles.



Comment 3: Mr. PHENG Chea, Director of Industry, Mines and Energy Department

A. Thanks to the government who take attention to develop on the energy sector in our Steng Treng province. The distribution project and power planning just make the inauguration and receive in 2006 and on the coming day, electricity with the low cost caused by the transmission line from Laos will be supplied as well.

B. Capacity 30 MW has been purchased from Laos not just only develop in the town but also to develop in the village commune and district along the transmission line and the boundary. This project supplies the cheaper cost of electricity by generating from oil.

C. The development always gets the consequences but just made it least.


Thanks for comment of Mr. Director of IME.

Comment 4: Mr. Mi Sopheak, Deputy Governor of Steng Treng District

A. Due to the Power Purchase Agreement from our neighbor country if one country has policy instability will effect to power supply. What is the measure to constantly power supply.

B. Are there the service relation between Laos and our country will be connected and . . .


A. The inter-connection from Laos is one of the ASEAN's Master Plan in transmission line connection from one country to another in ASEAN community. The Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy and ElCcticitC du Cambodge as a government representative in signing the Power Purchase Agreement and in this agreement has clearly stated that even one country has a political instability the power supply still continue according to the agreement.

B. And this Power Purchase Agreement also stated about the responsibility of each parties if Laos electricity inform about the connection, disconnection, payment and other information to EDC and EDC Steng Treng by each individual responsibility.

Comment 5. Mr. Thak Khamtann, Steng Treng Provincial Secretary General

A. Summary of the interests which has just been raised.

B. Through the previous presentation transmission line pass through our province have a small consequences.

C. The solution on the land impact must be enforced by the land law.

D. Disclose to people to understand about the usefulness of the project and ask people to



cooperate in order to make this project done smoothly.

E. Representative of the provincial authority. I would like to thanks to the World Bank for supporting in this project and the government that pay much attention on the development of Electricity sector in Steng Treng province.

Respond: by Mr. CHEN Sopanna

Thanks for the valuable commence of Steng Treng Provincial Secretary General and Thanks for your valuable time to attend in this consultation mecting.

Position 1 Teleobone 1 Table 6.2 List of Participation of Public Consultation Meeting

1 M 1 Deputy head of STG Elect 3 1 Dan Kimsm --

S

4 1 Yen Sophan 1 M ( Deputy -- chief of Section RUIMEF 01 2 828 666 I I I I

1 - -

5 1 M 1 Deputy chief of Koh Khorden I I I - 4

6 ) Tha Somchey M Village Chief of Thmey I 4 I 4 Phuk Savath 4 M I Village Chief of Hangkhoban

- - J J 8 L.im Mom F 1 Deputy Director of Women affair 011213829 1

I I I 1 zl Khav P ~ M Commune Chief of Samaky 012 377 890

1 10 1 Lort Teav ) M ) Villilge Chiefof Hangkhosoun 1 1 . .- -- In 1 Yuos March - 1 M ( Deputy Chief Department of STG District 012 702 943

12 1 Ub Sophal 1 M 1 Chief Of ice of STG District

14 San Nu i- 011 727 040

( 13 ( Phon Sareth ( M ( Deputy Chief Office of STG District I I I I

092 818 270

M ( Village Chief of Khamphann 1-34 Om Chuon 1 092 236 340 1 M Deputy Director of PW'r

kfinistry of Industry, Mines and Energy 53 Korea Electric Power Corporation

1 I

16

17

18

I 9

Mao Visa1

Phum Sam 0 1

Chen Sophanna

Suos Saophorn

M

M

M

M

- Head - of Of ice of social, Environment, EDC

Employee, CP&P, EDC De. Head of Oflice of social, ~ y i r o n m e n t , E DC

Employee, CP&P, EDC

012 623 459

012 854 020

012 884 115

012 421 073

ltiitial Etivironmental Examination Consultation

1 20 Tum Sokunthea F ~ Employee, EDC STC C I I Say Sieng Ree ) M Cleark of STG District I I I

) 22 1 Hean Chakriya F I Employee, EDC STG I I 1 I I 1 23 1 Hak Vimean 1 M ( Deputy Director of Environment Department 1 092 740 109 1

I I 1 24 1 My Sopheak 1 M 1 Deputy Director of STG District --- --- I 1 Total : 24, Lady: 3

6.4. NUIN DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Summary of the project description was explained to the representative villages and villagers concerned. Alignments of the transmission line and affected land are discussed. Since the impacts and affected lands by the Project is minimized and mitigated, participants basically agreed the implementation of the Project. They expressed their willingness to participate in the construction work of the Project as a labor to get income fiom the Project. Being a transmission line project of which the villagers were well aware and quite common in all part of the country. Also, all villagers were well aware of the project by comparing to the benefits resulting from the project. Therefore, the villagers did not raise the environmental issues and expressed no concern with respect to adverse environmental impacts to them.


Presentation of the project Command and Question from attendant

Command and Question from attendant General Secretary of KGC Governor provided recommendations

Initial Environmental Examination EMP Budget and Financing

VII. EMP BUDGET AND FINANCING

7.1. BASIS OF COICIPENSATION COST ESTIMATE

The compensation rates for the forest tree which were indicated in section 3 will follow the following policies from Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery:

1. Royalty payment of $541111' for the second quality of the logs, in this case after paying the above amount contractor can use and sell the logs.

2. Compensate the land needed to reforestation for fast-growing trees (Acasa) in the rate of $680/ha (6 year monitoring)

3. Compensate the land needed for rcforestation for slow-growing trees (tnung, Cheu teal, tneak, sokram) at the rate of $1000/ha (10 years monitoring).

7.2. INCREMENTAL ADbIlNISTRATIVE COST ESTliClA'I'ES

Total estimated costs of incremental administration cost for the first step is US$ 6,860.00. The compensation cost will be indicated after the implementation of the second planning.

7.2.1 Incremental Administrative Costs for the lSt step

'The incremental costs of administration related to the preparation and implementation of the EMP are set out below:

1 Background survey Day 1 3/4people 1 300.00 / 900.00

Table No 7.1: Estimate Cost for 1" Incremental Administration 1 ,tern Cost in US $ Unit

--

Accommodat~on

Sub-total

I - In the Field I---- -- --- ----- - J

-

N r Rate

Sub-total

2- In office

~lfinistry of Industry, Mines and Energy 57 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Day

hfapping - -. . -- -

514people

Day

- Day

Day

Day

Day

300.00

5

3 ---

1

814people

1,500 00

300.00

150.00

1,500.00

1.200.00

714~-0 - 00

300.00 -

300.00 300.00

560.00

Initial Environmental E.uamination EMP Budget and Financirrg

7.2.2 Overall Planning for the 2""tep

After the discussion during Meeting of Result Report, following is the plan for the next step that will be conducted during Detail Measurement Survey to get the total actual compensation amount.

Determine the amount of log for cutting - Determine the total land area for clearing Indicate the amount of land for reforestation both for fast-growing and slow-growing-trees. Sum up the cost for operation and for loyalty payment Submit the document to World Rank and Forest Administration

Ministry of Zndustry, Mines and Energy 58 Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Envirunmet~tal k-.vamination --- Appendix

APPENDIX 1. Results of Site Survey

2. Official Letter

3. Related Law and Policy

Ministry of industry, Mines and Energy Korea Electric Power Corporaiion

I,ritial Environmental Examination Ao~endix

Result of Site Survey AFFECTED VILLAGES

1 Haing Kor Suon I 350 1 260 1 330 1 70 1 1010 1 Commune

1 Haing Kor Ban 1 230 1 240 1 150 1 50 1 670 (

Village

Samakey

2. Omcial Letters

Illiteracy

Kamphann

Kilo Brambey


Tmey

Koh Korden

Literacy

126

70

245

190

Primary School

194

65

250

216

Lower Secondary School

9 8

30

'rota1

130

172 60 1 685

86 1 674

57

25

475

190

Initial Environmental Examination Appendix

-

7 Kim Sae Hyuo Project Manager Korea Electric Power Cor

Ministry of Zndrrstry, Mines and Energy Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Eir vironmental Examination Appendix

-

Date: January 30, 2006

Mr. Stung Treng Provincial Governor

Subject : Initial Environmental Examination for Transmission Line Letter of Authorization

Dear Excellency,

Regarding the Initial Environmental Examination for Transmission line project, we would like to authorize one team of two people in conducting site survey along the National Road No. 7 t?om Laos Border to Stung Treng.

Survey Schedule:

- Laos Border to Stung Treng January 3 1,2006 - February 1 1.2006.

The names of the team are as follow:

1 . Sak Sanlonl Engineer Identity Card No. 1552000223 2. Kuch SobandetfAssistant Identity Card No. 180013980

Your consideration would be highly appreciated

Yours faithlully,

Ministry of Zndus~ry, Mines and Energy Korea Electric Power Corporaiion

Initial E n vircmmental Ekam ination Appendix

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ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy Korea Electric Power Corporation

Initial Errvironmental Examination Appendix

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Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energc. u


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Zt~itial Environmental Examination Appendix

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Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy a

Initial Environmental Examination Appen ~ L K

3. Related Law and Policy

1 . Cambodia Law

1.1. Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource hlanagement

1.2. Sub-Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process

2. World Bank Operational Policy OP. 4.01 3. Relevant Agreements

- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD ,1995)

- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 1 975)

- Asean Agreement on the conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (1985)

Ministry of Industry, bfines and Energy Korea Electric Power ~ o r ~ o r o t i o n

Documents

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION - The World … · TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT FROM ... Initial Environmental Examination list of Table and Figure ... but these are expected to be