Initial Environmental Examination...A. INTRODUCTION A.1 Purpose of the Report and Project Background 1. This report is the description of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Initial Environmental Examination

July 2011

UZB : Water Resources Management Sector

Project

Report of Dangara

Subproject [Final Report]

Prepared by Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Republic of Uzbekistan for the

Asian Development Bank.

ii

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 3rd June 2011)

Currency unit – sum (SUM)

SUM1.00 = $0.00059 $1.00 = SUM1,701.83

ABBREVIATIONS

AP – Affected Person/ Party ADB – Asian Development Bank BCP – Best Construction Practices BISA – Basin Irrigation System Administration CDR – Control and Distribution Room (of pump house) CE – Construction Environmental Management Plan CEMP – Construction Engineer employed by PM Consultants DCEC – Department of Pump Stations, Energy, and

Communications DPSO – Department of Pump Station Operations DWM – Directorate for Water Management EA – Executing Agency EARP – Environmental Assessment and Review Procedure/

Framework ECL – Environmental Consequences Listing EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMU – Environmental Management Unit GDP – Gross Domestic Product GNI – Gross National Income GoU – Government of Uzbekistan HAE – Hydro-geological Ameliorative Expedition I&D – Irrigation and Drainage IA – Implementing Agency IEA – Initial Environmental Assessment IEE – Initial Environmental Examination ISA – irrigation system administration LARF – land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework LARP – Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan MAWR – Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources MCA – Main Canal Administration MoF – Ministry of Finance NES – National Environmental Specialist NGO – Nongovernment Organization NPC – National Protection Committee (Goskompriroda) O&M – Operation and Maintenance PCB – Polychlorinated biphenyls PIU – Project Implementation Unit PM – Project Manager PMO – Project Management Office PNPC – Provincial National Protection Committee (Oblkompriroda) PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance CEE – Provincial Directorate for Ecological Expertise

(Gosecoexpertisa) R&U – Rehabilitation and Upgrading

iii

SCLRGCSC – State Committee on Land Resources, Geodesy, Cartography and State Cadastre

SE – Site Engineer (Contractor‟s Employee) SEE – Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise

(Glavgosecoexpertisa) SES – Sanitary and Epidemiological Services WRMSP – Water Resources Management Sector Project WSP – Worker Safety Plan WUA – Water Users‟ Association

GLOSSARY

Dehkan – Household plot used for household‟s immediate food requirements and sale of surplus. Given to head of family for the livelong ownership. Size of dehkan farms–irrigated land is 0.35 ha and 0.50 on non-irrigated area.

Goskompriroda – State Committee for Nature Protection hokimiyat – Local Government Authority makhalla – The Smallest Administrative Group In a Community

[Collection of Villages to Create a Community Village] Oblast – Russian Version of Viloyat (Region) Oblkompriroda – Provincial Level of State Committee for Nature Protection Oliy Majlis – Parliament Picket – 100 m section Rayon – Russian Version of Tuman (District) Shirkat – Cooperative Farm, Successor of Former Kolkhoz Tuman – District, Smaller Administrative Unit of The Viloyat Uzbekgydrogeologiy

a – State Hydro-geological Enterprises

Uzgidromet – Center of Hydro-meteorological Service Viloyat – Provincial Administrative Unit of Uzbekistan. [ Uzbekistan

has 12 Viloyats (or Provinces) and 1 Autonomous Republic Karakalpakstan

vodokanal – Water Supply And Sanitation Agency

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Uzbekistan and its agencies ends on 31st December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 31st December 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

IEE Report of the Dangara subproject

iv

Table of Contents A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1

A.1 Purpose of the Report and Project Background ..................................................... 1

A.2 Extent of the IEE Study ............................................................................................... 2

B. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT .................................................................... 3

B.1 Type and Category of the Project .............................................................................. 3

B.2 Need for the Project ..................................................................................................... 4

B.3 Description of Project Facilities .................................................................................. 5

B.4 Project Rehabilitation Work ........................................................................................ 7

B.5 Proposed Schedule for Implementation ................................................................. 11

C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................ 12

C.1 Physical Resources ................................................................................................... 12

C.2 Ecological Resources ................................................................................................ 12

C.3 Economic Development ............................................................................................ 15

C.4 Social and Cultural Resources ................................................................................ 20

D. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................................................................... 26

D.1 Potential Environmental Impacts ............................................................................. 26

D 1.1 Issues / Concerns Relative to Siting ............................................................................. 26

D.1.2 Issues/ Concerns Relative to Design ............................................................................ 30

D.1.3 Project Alternatives..................................................................................................... 31

D.1.4 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Construction ........................................................... 32

D.1.5 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Operation ............................................................... 37

D.2 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts ....................................................................... 38

D.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Designs ............................................................................. 38

D.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction ...................................................................... 41

D.2.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation .......................................................................... 46

E. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .. 48

E.1 Laws and Institutional Roles of GOU ...................................................................... 48

E.2 Responsibilities of Implementing EMP ................................................................... 50

E.3 Reporting Requirements ........................................................................................... 53

E.4 Redress Grievance Mechanism ............................................................................... 53

E.5 Costs of Environmental Measures .......................................................................... 55

F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ......................... 56


v

F.1 Public Consultation .................................................................................................... 56

F.2 Information Disclosure ............................................................................................... 57

G. FINDINGS ANG RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................. 57

H. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 58

I. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 59

ANNEX –A: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................... 61

ANNEX - B: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................ 77

ANNEX - C: ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE GRANTED BY PROVINCIAL NATURE PROTECTION COMMITTEE ......................................................................... 92

ANNEX - D: PHOTOS ...................................................................................................... 98


1

A. INTRODUCTION

A.1 Purpose of the Report and Project Background

1. This report is the description of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the proposed Dangara subproject of the Water Resources Management Sector Project of Uzbekistan (WRMSP). The IEE study was conducted during the project preparation period to identify the impacts of the proposed project on the environment and to recommend measures to mitigate such impacts arising from their implementation. The IEE Report is prepared to meet the environmental requirements of the ADB.

2. The proposed Dangara subproject is located in the Dangara district in the western part of Ferghana region, on the left bank of Syrdarya River, about 340 km east of Tashkent and 5 km off the 20 km location from the Kokand city on the Kokand Namangan highway (Figure 1). The rehabilitation of this subproject will include replacement of the pumps and electrical control systems in the pumping station, deepening and widening of the intake canal, rehabilitation of pump house, machine canals, and all related structures. These facilities/ structures are all owned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR) and operated by the Basin System Irrigation Administration (BISA). The Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources is the Executing Agency (EA) of this WRMSP.

3. The ADB has approved a loan for the Government of Uzbekistan (GoU) for the WRMSP on 17 December 2008 and will close on 30 June 2015. The Project continues the support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the rehabilitation and upgrading of irrigation and drainage infrastructure and capacity development for water management. The Project is structured as a sector loan project. The WRMSP has selected to rehabilitate and upgrade seven irrigation schemes as subprojects.

4. WRMSP involves two areas of the country: (i) the Zarafshan River Basin, and (ii) the Fergana Valley. The Project will (i) rehabilitate and upgrade (R&U) pumping stations, (ii) rehabilitate and upgrade irrigation and drainage canals and structures, and (iii) improve inter-farm water management through state water agencies and on-farm management through water users‟ associations (WUAs). The primary aim is the sustained and increased agricultural productivity.

5. Uzbekistan has about 4.3 million hectares (ha) under irrigation. Irrigated agriculture accounts for over 90% of all agricultural production and consumes 88% of all water resources, viz., 57 cubic kilometres annually. Agriculture remains a key sector of the economy and the main source of livelihood for the rural population.

6. In the irrigated areas, about 1,500 electric pumps are installed which irrigate 1.17 million ha. Some of these are very large pumps, for example the Karshi system lifts 350 m3/s of water from the Amudarya over an elevation of 170m. Main canals and inter-farm networks extend over 28,000 km of which some 33% is lined. Water use efficiency is quoted (Mahommadiev S.Kh. and Mirzaev M.P., undated) as being about 60%1. Furrow irrigation is practiced on 99.9% of the area. The two major land quality problems in the country are salinity and water logging caused by high groundwater levels with only 50%

1 In reality this is considered to be much less than this and is probably about 45-50%.


2

of irrigated land classed as non-saline by Central Asian standards (toxic ions represent <0.5% of total soil weight. Salinity generally increases towards the Aral Sea with <10% of land in the Amudarya and Syrdarya basins being regarded as saline while further downstream in Karalpakstan about 95% of the land is saline, highly or very highly saline. A reduction in the quantity and quality of water delivered to farms and poor maintenance of drainage canals is responsible for increased salinization (Mahommadiev S.Kh. and Mirzaev M.P., op.c i t ) .

A.2 Extent of the IEE Study

7. The IEE study was carried out by the Project Management Consultants attached to Joint Venture of Dongshing Engineering Consultants following the requirements of Safeguard Policy Statement (June 2009) and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Also the Procedure recommended in the Environmental Review and Assessment Framework prepared by PPTA consultants for the WRMSP was followed. Environmental Specialists attached to the TA visited the project sites during the period of Feasibility study and prepared the IEE report together with Feasibility Reports in June 2011. Public consultations were carried out in April 2011 prior to preparation of this report. Moreover, the information provided by other experts carrying out Feasibility Study was also used in this exercise.

8. The areas coveted by the IEE include the pump station of Dangara located 5 km off the Kokand-Namangan highway and 25 km from the Kokand city. It is more than a kilometre away from the closest settlement “S.Ollahamalk” with population of 1,5 thousand people; Dangara Machine Canal within or in the boundary of territories of WUAs of Dangara-Chinobod, Istikbol, Ishonch Oktepasay, Dangara Mulkobod, Vodiy Dangara Naymansay, Syrdarya, and Dangara sohily covering 7100 ha; irrigation beneficiaries in the settlements of Bogish, Okjar, Tortiksaray, Kattaturk, Kichikturk, Ollahamalk, and Karasara. Also, available infrastructure to access and provide services were considered. The scope also covered the available river flow for diversion at the Dangara intake and water users downstream.

9. Environmental Specialists visited the pump house and its surrounding area, also visited the entire Dangara intake canal and Dangara machine canal by driving along inspection roads. They also observed the access roads to the project and the closest settlement S.Ollahamalk located about one km away from the pump house and where some of the irrigation beneficiaries of the project were resident. Secondary data of the socio-economic study for the sub project were used to evaluate the settlement and socio-economic conditions of the project beneficiaries, Flow records of the river. Water quality and water uses by downstream users collected by the TA consultants for the Feasibility study and baseline socio-economic data were also used.

10. Findings of site reconnaissance, results of social surveys, technical descriptions based on the engineering designs contained in the Feasibility Reports and outcome of discussions with Officers of the various professionals of the relevant BISA, Hokimiyats, WUAs, Water Inspection Organization in the Region, Provincial Directorate for Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa), etc., are integrated into this IEE Report.

11. Thus the IEE Study involved the following activities:

Gathering of baseline information available on the physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the project area and its


3

subcomponent sites; and understanding the technical, social, and institutional aspects of the project; This included public consultation and field visits;

Screening of potential issues, concerns and impacts relative to siting, design, construction and operation to distinguish those that are likely to be significant for a particular subcomponent and warranting further study;

Recommending measures to mitigate adverse issues, concerns and impacts, particularly to the detailed project design team;

Preparing an Environmental Management Plan indicating impact areas, recommended mitigation measures, method of monitoring the impacts, particularly during construction and operation phases and responsible persons; and

Proposing an environmental monitoring plan (EMP) and the institutional set up for implementation of the above Environmental Management Plan.

12. Public consultation activities were carried out, including on-site consultation with beneficiaries of the project activities. The consultation workshops allowed the people to voice their concerns and the TA consultants answered questions they had on the project. These face-to-face meetings allowed the TA consultants fine-tune the environmental management and mitigation plan, particularly to fit the needs of the area residents.

B. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT

B.1 Type and Category of the Project

13. The subproject is an irrigation project that will rehabilitate and upgrade the

pumping station of the Dangara irrigation system receiving water from the Syrdarya

River in the Dangara district (Rayon) of Fergana Province, on the left bank of Syrdarya River. The subproject will improve the availability of adequate water at the pumping station as well as reliability of the pump stations to meet the original design capacity of the water extraction and irrigation of the full command area.

14. The expected impact of the subproject is the sustained and increased agriculture production and productivity. The expected outcome is that the irrigation systems fully functional and operated in an efficient manner leading to (i) reduced production losses, (ii) increased energy efficiency, (iii) improved water management, (iv) decreased land degradation caused by soil salinity and water-logging, (v) increased irrigation efficiency, (vi) enhanced farm productivity through increased yields and cropping intensity, and (vii) increased rural livelihoods. Regarding the energy efficiency, the existing pumps are operating at very low efficiencies. The proposed new pumps are not only of energy efficient type but also will operate at higher efficiency levels than now and energy loss will be minimized by proper control of both energy loss and water leakages. As a result kWhs used for pumping a unit of water per unit head will be significantly reduced with the project.

15. The Project has been classified by the ADB as a Category B project requiring an IEE. The adverse impacts that will potentially arise from the implementation of the Project will generally be minor to moderate. Measures to mitigate them can be designed, provided and/or instituted without difficulty. For Category “B” projects, the ADB requires an IEE According to the GoU environmental legislation, the subproject falls under Category - 3 or low risk projects because it involves long-distance channel with capacity


4

less than 100 m3/s and manifold with capacity less than 20 m3/s.

B.2 Need for the Project

16. The Dangara irrigation system had been commissioned in 1962 to irrigate 7,100 ha, drawing 10 m3/s of water from the Syrdarya River through an earthen inlet canal and then pumping into the irrigation canal system by 4 pumps each of 2.5 m3/s capacity. The command area of the Dangara subproject is 7,100 ha. However, about 965 ha (or 13.5%) of the command area is not cultivated due to shortage of irrigation water caused by deteriorated pumps and irrigation facilities as well as low water level in the Syrdarya river during July to September period, which restrict inflow through present sill elevation.

17. The Syrdarya river flow records in recent years indicate low annual discharges during main irrigation period from May to October. Drop down of the water level with low discharge in the river during the irrigation period has reduced intake water to the pumping plant which caused reduction in pumped irrigation water. From 1992, a change in the upstream Toktogul reservoir operational mode from irrigation and hydropower generation to hydropower generation caused a sharp reduction in water releases in vegetative season and an increase in winter releases. As a result about 13.5% of the command area of Dangara scheme has been deprived of irrigation water.

18. At the entrance of the Dangara intake canal, the canal bed elevation is 360.44 m and the river bed elevation is 355.44 m or 4 m below the intake sill. The intake canal longitudinal profile shows uneven bed elevations with the average bed level above the invert level of 359.31 m. The maximum bed elevation of 360.45 m was observed at the picket 6+00 due to silt deposits in the canal bed.


5

Figure 1: Location of the Dangara subproject

19. Low discharges are experienced in the river from July to September resulting in drastically reduced flow into the intake canal during the above period: Current invert elevation of the inlet canal 4 m above river bed and siltation of the intake canal restricts the inflows during this period necessitating temporary arrangement (i.e. using 3 pumps to directly pump water from the river into the intake canal) for supplementary augmentation. Absence of adequate sediment trapping mechanism and silt removal system has reduced the canal capacity to transmit water along the intake canal.

20. The Dangara pumping station is the oldest one among all 7 subprojects of WRMSP. The pumps, motors and other electro-mechanical equipment and facilities have deteriorated due to inadequate attention on proper maintenance. Currently only 3 pumps are operational. The pumped water carries a large amount of abrasive suspensions, causing damages to the pumps and in turn a drop of pumping efficiency and reduction in irrigation water. Subsidence of intake chamber progressively in the last 15 years and leaking through the walls and signs of reinforcement corrosion, and cracks in the foundation of the pump room were problems.

21. The electrical system has exhausted its resource and it is being operated under unsafe condition. In the underground pumping room, the cables, racks and trays are superannuated, not fixed properly and hanged down on worker‟s head that may result in electrical failure or hazards. Lighting facility inside and outside of the pumping station was not sufficient and together with high temperature inside the pumping station due to poor ventilation, maintenance of CDR, pumping units and electrical parts is an inconvenient job for the O&M staff.

22. In the machine canal, mounds of silt deposits excavated from the canal‟s section and dumped along the canal bank clearly shows the pumping of suspended sediment-laden water into the irrigation system despite heavy settlement of large particles in the intake canal. Though the machine canal is operational, it is in poor condition requiring repairs of damaged panels and most of the construction joints. In some reaches the damages to the concrete panels are substantial requiring replacement. The unlined earthen canal section is in poor condition with prevalent bund settlements and erosions as well leading to loss of water.

23. The other associated structures such as offtakes are in poor condition with structural damages; existing hydroposts are not only inadequate in number but also need repair; aqueducts, siphons and regulators need rehabilitation. The inspection road needs grading and leveling.

B.3 Description of Project Facilities

Intake Facilities

24. The Dangara Intake is located on the Left Bank of the Syrdarya River at Uymovut and the other side of the river is the Namangan Province. In the surrounding area of the intake neither significant vegetation nor human habitats are encountered (see Annex-D). The intake system comprises of an unregulated opening in the left bank of the Syrdarya


6

River forming the entrance to the earthen intake canal conveying water from the Syrdarya River to the pump house. At the entrance, the canal invert elevation is 359.31 or 4 m above the river bed elevation of 355.44 m. The intake canal is 1,200 m long and the longitudinal profile shows uneven bed elevations with the average bed level above the invert level at the entrance. The maximum bed elevation of 360.45 m was observed at the picket 6+00 indicating silt deposits in the canal bed. with an average bed width of 5 m,

25. The intake for the pumping station is partitioned to have 4 compartments for 4 pumps with mono rail crane operated gates with a bar screen in front and an inclined trash rack on the downstream. Inflow with floating litters into the intake basin was observed. The trash rack is cleaned manually with pitchfork from a boat.

Pump House

26. The Dangara pump house covers 185 m2 and other facilities of intake chamber, suction pipes, rising mains, etc., attached to it. The entire premises are more than 0.5 ha of government desert land under BiSA in a remote area more than one km away from the “S.Ollahamalk, the closest settlement. The pump house consists of 4 vertical turbine pumps to transmit water to the discharge basin at the head of the irrigation system through four 1,420 mm diameter steel pipes. Length of rising mains is 44 m and the total dynamic pumping head is 10 m. The pumps work at positive suction head and are located in a dry pit.

27. Subsidence of intake chamber progressing over the last 15 years is reported. The external open-type transformer substation is in unsatisfactory condition with highly deteriorated equipments. Substation of main transformer and the auxiliary transformer also have deteriorated showing leaks and rusted metal parts.

Canals

28. Water from the Dangara intake chamber is discharged into an open concrete basin and conveyed to the Dangara machine canal. The discharge basin is in satisfactory condition but needs minor repairs for closing cracks and filling eroded spots in the stilling basin. The irrigation distribution canal system comprises of a machine canal, inter-farm canals and on-farm canals. In addition, few farms are directly fed from the machine canal.

29. The Dangara machine canal runs through 2 kishlak associations, i.e., Taipak and Okjar, located in a remote irrigation area (semi desert). All settlements are more than one km away from the irrigation system and the land occupied by the canal is owned by the BISA. The Dangara machine canal, 18 km long with a capacity of 10 m3/is, is concrete lined up to picket 28+00 and thereafter up to picket 180+00 the canal is unlined and operate with earth banks. Considerable seepage losses are reported from the unlined earthen section. Mounds of silt deposits along the canal from head to tail reaches have constrained canal flows. It is an impact of pumping silt laden water into the irrigation system. It is clear that part of the sediment had been washed into the farmlands while the residual in the canals impedes the water way leading to water shortages to lower reaches in the canal.

30. Though the machine canal is operational, it is in poor condition requiring repairs. The Dangara machine canal has 35 offtake structures issuing water from the machine canal to inter-farm and on-farm canals in the command area. These offtakes are in poor condition due to inadequacies in maintenance in the past.


7

31. The hydropost and the hydrometric bridge at the head of the canal are in poor condition and need to be rehabilitated. To facilitate discharge measurement, additional 2 hydroposts and hydrometric bridges at strategic locations will prove to be useful. These hydroposts need to be calibrated and stage discharge relationship chart at each hydropost shall be displayed.

32. The Dangara machine canal incorporates 3 aqueducts, 5 siphons. 6 regulators, which are operational but they have minor damages. The surface profile of the inspection road is uneven with longitudinal and cross sectional depressions; platform width at many sections is less than the original specification of 10 m because storage of sediment excavated from the canal. he Dangara machine canal has 7 bridges to provide access across canals and are in satisfactory condition.

B.4 Project Rehabilitation Work

33. Rehabilitation of the Dangara subproject will address prevailing constrains related to low water levels in the Syrdarya river during peak demand period and system defects to supply the required amount of water for irrigation at the farm level.

Intake

34. The 1.2 km long intake canal will be deepened and widened to provide sufficient passage of incoming flows from the Syrdarya River to the pumping plant overcoming the present constraint of sill level and bed level of the intake canal being about 4 m above the river bed level. Also the intake canal bank will be protected by an armor of boulder (d50=50 cm) packing to a distance of 20 m from the entrance. The existing earthen canal will be enlarged and include an excavated silt trap in the canal bed. Provision of dredging facilities such as a floating cutter suction dredger for removing sediments in the intake canal is recommended.

35. The design parameters for the Dangara intake canal will be to meet the maximum irrigation demand of 10 m3/s by maintaining the river bed elevation at 355.44 m with sill level of pump house intake at 356.44 m and sill elevation at the entrance to the intake canal at 356.00 m. This would enable to abstract water even at the minimum Water level of the Syrdarya river at 357.00 m.

36. Two intake gates at the pump house forebay have to be installed with thrash screens in front of them with stop-logs to enable repairing the thrash screens, when necessary. New handling/lifting mechanism have to be provided. Suction chambers should be designed to provide sufficient water depth and space between suction pipes to avoid/reduce intrusion of airs into the pumps that creates vortexes at the inlets causing abnormal vibrations of pump units resulting in premature failures of related components.

Pump House

37. Rehabilitation of the Dangara pumping station will encompass replacement of the pumps, motors, auxiliary equipment, electrical accessories and other associated systems and rehabilitation of distribution pipelines, including rising mains, intake chamber, pump house building, etc.


8

38. Having considered, the prime need to lower the pump intake level to facilitate intake of water from Syrdarya River during low water levels from June to September as well as poor structural condition of the existing pump station building and available options to remedy them, a decision was made to adopt an outdoor vertical turbine pumps.

39. The rising mains placed under ground must be investigated to determine replacement and/or repair with suitable internal and external protection lining. All four extensions of discharge pipelines have to be protected internally and externally by proper coating system against corrosion and erosion. It is better to place the discharge pipeline above the ground with necessary expansion joints and supports, which will make it easy to investigate the condition of pipeline.

40. The pump house building has gradually subsided for the last 15 year. Ferghana State Architectural and Construction Inspection thorough investigations concluded that the concrete surface of substructure of the building are corroded and does not meet the requirements of specifications for bearing and guarding constructions, manufactured from in-situ reinforced concrete. Metalwork is distorted and corroded. Concrete floors are damaged and concrete walls are corroded. Substructures have lost some degree of bearing capacity.

41. Considering the study and other governing site situations, the option of using the existing pump house superstructure with repair but to use outside pumps and motors and therefore extension of existing intake structure to the river side was selected in the meeting with the regional specialists, PMO, PIU and the Consultants. Floor elevation of the intake structure will be lowered to facilitate suction of water to the pumps. This option has the following advantages to compare with other options:

Irrigation water supply during the construction period can be continued by providing a detour channel connecting the intake canal to the existing intake chamber behind the rehabilitation site;

Superstructure of the existing building will be repaired to accommodate electrical equipment and control system, offices, etc., and substructure of the building will not be rehabilitated but will be filled with sands;

construction of intake structure under the groundwater level will be easier to compare with other options by minimizing excavation depth;

Construction period will be shortened and construction cost will be the least among other options.

42. No drain pumps will be required since the pumps are installed outside the existing building. Since all the pumps and motors are installed outside the existing pump station building, there is no necessity of major repairs to existing overhead crane but a Separate 15 ton mobile crane has to be provided to this pump station to facilitate repair and maintenance work. Ventilation system consisting of roof extractors, wall mounted fans, heaters, etc., is required to be provided, since electrical control and distribution system will be installed inside the existing building.

43. At present, there are no instruments in the pumping station to monitor the operating conditions and performance of pumps, therefore pressure switches, pressure transmitter, flow meters in the rising main, etc., are recommended to be installed.


9

44. Complete rehabilitation of electrical equipment and system with protection of pump operation is considered under the project. One additional unit of transformer and breakers is needed to improve reliability and stability of power supply system and to meet increased future demand as well as continuous operation of main pumps regardless breakdown of one transformer unit. In order to improve reliability of cables and cubicles, the cables with conduit tubes from transformer substation to switchgear room are necessary to be buried.

45. Whole electrical equipment and facilities of the Dangara pumping station are very old and need to be completely replaced. The replacement will include a power transformer, panels, trays, cables, conduit tubes and lightings of various kinds.

46. External power transformer of oil immersed type needs to be replaced with a type like cast resin mold type which has better durability, safety and credibility than the existing one and that can be placed in the cubicle inside pump house. Besides, it is necessary to install one more standby transformer in case of full stoppage of the pumping station during repair and maintenance works, when power supply of 35/6 kV substation will be stopped.

47. Use of sufficient number of fluorescent lamp or high pressure metal halide lamp considering luminous efficiency, life time and color rendering properties to replace existing high energy consuming incandescent lamps is required inside and outside pump house building and in the CDR. Newly installed equipment needs complete grounding for protection of operation staff and electrical system on the whole.

48. A diesel generator of adequate capacity for emergency power supply during power failure will be provided in the pumping station.The pumping station will have its own local instrumentation, control and recording system, including telephone communication system. New computer system for improving operational effectiveness of pumping station will be installed in the CDR. All signals, as equipment operational conditions, temperature of pump and motor, water level, pressures etc. are transmitted to control desk and computer.

49. Pump units can be started from local control panel or locally during commissioning works. Pump unit lockup, electrical and technological protection are envisaged in control schemes. Normal stop of pump will be carried out by switching of operation key into the stop position. Emergency stop of pump will be carried out in an automated mode by electrical and technological protection system.

50. It is necessary to place several monitoring cameras at the pump room, intake chamber and the CDR, water level sensors at drainage pit, ultrasonic water level sensor in section chamber and ultrasonic flow meters of rising main to improve reliability of automation system to be applied to this pumping station.

51. Lamp, audio, alarm and warning signaling systems are envisaged for monitoring over pumping station operation, as well as for warning to operation staff about malfunction of each equipments.

Irrigation Facilities

52. Considering the available financial resources, the rehabilitation work in the Dangara irrigation system will be confined to 18 km of the machine canal.


10

53. The design of the sediment trap considered (i) the layout of the current intake and pumping station facilities for inflows and silt removal arrangements, (ii) monthly Syrdarya river flows from 1998 to 2008 (Figure 3.1), (iii) average monthly turbidity variations in Syrdarya river (Figure 3.2), and (iv) fractional particle size of the sediment (Figure 3.3).

54. The annual peak irrigation demand is from June to October and the maximum and minimum river flows during this period are 771 and 149 m3/s, respectively and corresponding sediment loads in the river are 2,500 and 94 g/m3 of the river flow. Assuming bulk density of 1.3 g/cm3, and suspended sediment to be 70% of the total sediment load in the river, the total estimated inflow of sediment into intake canal with the inflow of 15 m3/s is 1,710 m3/day.

55. The existing earthen canal will be enlarged and include an excavated silt trap in the canal bed. The above option was analyzed considering a bed width of 15 m, side slope of 1:1.5 and the outcome is summarized below. It is proposed to use a floating cutter suction dredger for removing silt from the canal bed to pump onto the either of the banks maintaining a berm of 5 m minimum. From the above removal of sediment from the basin is more frequent during the peak flows in July and August and will be very much during the other period.

56. The discharge basin at the head of the machine canal will be cleaned of all debris and cracks of minor nature and will be treated with cement grout and larger cracks will be open cleaned and filled with concrete.

57. The repairs at the joints will include opening and removal of damaged sections of the concrete panels, backfilling and compacting with soil and gravel at the eroded bedding, placing bitumen impregnated water proofing membrane, re-concreting the broken sections of and sealing the gap between panels with mastic cement. Replacing 60 damaged panels will include removal of damaged concrete panels, backfilling and compacting with soil and gravel at the eroded sections, placing bitumen impregnated water proofing membrane under the joints, re-concreting the broken panels and seal the gap between panels with mastic cement.

58. The unlined section of the machine canal from pickets (28+00) and (180+00) will be concrete lined to reduce conveyance losses. The head walls of the offtake structures, siphons, aqueducts and the regulators need to be modified to conform to the sectional profile of the canal lining.

59. Within the existing lined canal reach the high sections on the bund will be graded and low sections need to be filled with soil and well compacted to the designed levels. In the reaches beyond picket 28+00 the canal bunds need to be formed to the design requirements.

60. The following canal structures will be replaced or repaired: 35 offtake structures needing improvements and 5 offtakes need to be replaced; hydroposts at immediate downstream of the discharge basin need cleaning and minor repairs and replacement of the measuring gauge; 35 hydroposts of type I (well type) will be constructed to facilitate discharge measurements for offtake The damaged sections of the 8 aqueduct need to be repaired and the conduit cleared of sediment; 6 regulators need to be repaired. The inspection road platform width of 8.0 m needs to be maintained through the entire reach of 18 km, any piles of soil or sediment encountered need to be removed to ensure minimum requirements. The platform needs to be graded to the design profile. The compacted gravel dressing to a width of 4 m needs to be provided to the carriageway, where necessary, to facilitate easy access.


11

B.5 Proposed Schedule for Implementation

61. The noncore subprojects will be grouped into two, based on the consideration of location, convenience of bidding and construction, etc. Group-I will consist of three subprojects, namely Suvli, Abdusamat-I and Dangara subprojects and Group-II will have two subprojects of Kizil-Ravat and Buloqboshi.

62. Turnkey level detailed design and bidding documents for the subproject together with other Group-I subproject will be prepared during three and half months from April to mid-August 2011, including consolidation of the documents based on discussions with local organizations and specialists.

63. After review and approval of the bidding documents by ADB and the Government, the documents will be finalized and the bidding will be advertised and the bidding documents will be issued for the bidders by early September. All bidding procedures including contract award and registration will be completed by the end of 2011.

64. Construction works for rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure of the Dangara subproject is scheduled for two years, starting from January 2012 and to be completed by end of 2013. Detailed work schedule of rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure will be prepared by the Contractor. The implementation schedule is as follows.

Table 1: Implementation Schedule – Dangara Subproject

2014

Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1

Feasibility Study

Approval of Feasibility Study

Detailed Design and Preparation of

Bidding Documents

Conduct Surveys

Prepare Draw ings, Specif ications, BoQ and

Cost Estimates

Preparation of Bidding Documents and

Consolidation

Bidding and Award of Contract

Review of Bidding Document by ADB

Review of Bidding Document by the

Government

Finalization of the Bidding Document

Advertisement and Issuance of Bidding

Document

Opening and Evaluation of Technical Bids

Review and Approval

Opening and evaluation of Price Bids

Review and Approval

Contract Aw ard and Registration

Construction Supervision

2011Activity

2012 2013


12

C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

C.1 Physical Resources

Location and Topography

65. Uzbekistan is a landlocked country with an area of 447,400 km2. The country can be divided into three zones:

(i) The desert (Кyzylkum), steppe and semi-arid region covering 60% of the country which is located mainly in the central and western areas;

(ii) The fertile valleys that are located alongside the Amu Darya and Syrdarya rivers; The subproject is located in this zone alongside the Syrdarya River;

(iii) The mountainous areas in the east with peaks rising to about 4,500 msl.

66. The Fergana valley (where the subproject is located) is situated within three of the Central Asian countries: Kyrgyzstan (71%), Tajikistan (8%) and Uzbekistan (21%). (see Figure 2). Within Uzbekistan the Fergana valley is one the most important and productive irrigated areas and in Uzbekistan it occupies an area of 1,946,000 ha of which 911,300 ha is irrigated. Climatically the Fergana valley belongs to the central cotton zone of Central Asia. Its western and central areas are deserts with low precipitation while rainfall increases in the surrounding mountains.

http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinationRedirector?openMap=true&ethylCobjId=3676


13

Figure 2: Fergana Valley

67. The Dangara subproject is located in Dangara district in the western part of Ferghana region, on the left bank of Syrdarya River, about 340 km east of Tashkent. The Dangara district is located on north-west of Fergana Region and borders with Kokand town, Furkat and Uchkuprik districts, Namangan Region, and Republic of Tajikistan (18,5 km). With a total area of 440 km2, It was created in 1970. Within the territory of the district, Kokand town and Dangara settlement are located. The district includes 128 settlements with a population of The population of about 140,3 thousand comprising 32,8 thousand (23,4%) urban and 107,5 thousand (76,6%) rural populations..

68. The subproject irrigation area is situated on the sloping proluvial plain of the debris cone periphery of the Southern Ferghana River. Absolute elevation marks are 368-378 m. Surface is sloping north and northwest at an angle of 0.0016-0.043.

69. Ferghana intermountain trough the south borders with Alay and Turkestan ridge included in the Tien-Shan mountain system. Desert climate prevails in the western part of trough; while in the eastern, sub-mountain area, the climate has semi-desert features. In sub-mountains, the climate is vertically zonal. The Syrdarya River splits the trough into two unequal parts. In the left bank part, which are wider debris cones of Sokh, Isfara, etc., rivers are well developed, represented by slope flats, alluvial terrace of the Syrdarya river and inter-Adyr sinks. The most even depressed part of the valley is represented by the Syrdarya River‟s terraces. The relief is flat that, in some extent, is the result of long-term irrigation farming, for which land levelling plays an important role. The latest causes entirely smooth micro-relief, although, in some places it is saucer-shaped sink.

Climate

70. The climate of Uzbekistan is continental, even arid or desertic over 60% of the country. The average rainfall is 264 mm ranging from less than 97 mm in the northwest to 425mm in the mountainous zone in the middle and southern parts of the country. Rainfall occurs during the winter season, mainly between October and April. The climate is characterised by high temperatures in summer with 37- 45°C in July but temperatures dropping to below -11oC during winter. Because of frequent frosts between late September and April, in general only one crop per year can be grown.

71. Ferghana intermountain trough in the south borders with Alay and Turkestan ridge included in the Tien-Shan mountain system. Desert climate prevails in the western part of trough; while in the eastern, sub-mountain area, the climate has semi-desert features. In sub-mountains the climate is vertically zonal.

72. The climate of the Fergana oblast is milder as a whole than the climate of the lower Syrdarya and Tashkent areas, which are more exposed to the harsher northern winds. The closed position of the Fergana valley creates a more stable weather pattern where sharp reductions in temperature are absent even in the winter periods.

73. The nearest meteorological station to Dangara subproject is in Kokand. The climate in the subproject area is acutely continental and arid, with cold winters and very hot summers. Climate data for the Kokand meteorological station which is in the boundary of the Subproject is given in Table 2.

74. Precipitation: The records at the nearest meteorological station at Kokand shows the average annual rainfall of 182 mm, most of which occurring during the cooler winter/spring season with extreme drought conditions during summer. The maximum


14

rainfall is occurring in December (60.3 mm) and May (60.8 mm) and minimum is occurring in July (0.1 mm). As such, the non-vegetative season has high humidity with more precipitation while vegetative season has low humidity with less precipitation. In spring, precipitation occurs in the form of showers or hail, which induces mudflows in arid, sub-mountainous and mountainous areas. Stable snow cover is not typical. Total number of days with snow cover is about 17 days.


1

Table 2: Meteorological Data; Kokand (1977- 2007)2

Item Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Av Max T ºC 4.03 7.42 14.6 23.1 28.4 33.7 35.1 33.5 29.0 21.3 13.1 5.53

Av Min T ºC -2.6 -0.8 4.7 11.0 15.4 19.6 21.7 20.1 14.9 8.7 3.3 -0.9

RH % 84.7 77.0 65.9 57.0 51.1 43.7 43.8 46.5 51.7 63.5 75.1 84.9

Wind run km/mth 5,580 6,080 8,124 8,502 8,294 7,180 7,562 7,258 6,558 6,232 5,772 5,518 82,659

Sunshine hrs/mth 139 176 239 262 274 307 366 362 341 280 208 126 3,079

Av rainfall mm/mth 12 12 18 19 15 5 4 4 3 9 12 16 128

2 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of Dangara Subproject, 2011


1

75. Humidity: In terms of humidity, the area pertains to dry and very dry zones. Winter is characterized by higher humidity. The humidity in January and February shows 80-90%. During winter, excessive, tight and prolonged fogs, hoarfrost and ice-slick are frequent. June is the driest month with an average relative humidity of 45%.

76. Water surface evaporation: Water surface vaporization in the area is high; with an annual rate of 1,400 mm, viz., about eight times the annual average precipitation. The highest evaporation rate occurs in July, showing about 237 mm.

77. Wind: Wind in the area is peculiar and unstable throughout the year. Normally, a distinctive internal changeover of air masses occurs, showing a conventional type of mountain-valley air circulation. Wind direction changes twice a day. During such periods, mainly in summer and autumn, the climate becomes dry. The wind changes in spring and summer due to air masses penetrating to Ferghana valley as a result of cyclonic activity. Such period is marked by enhanced wind activity. Maximum wind speeds reach 20-30 m/s, with some flaws accelerating to 40 m/s. Monthly wind speed ranges from 1.5-2.0 to 2.5-4.0 m/s. Main wind directions are western or south-western.

78. The unfavourable climatic condition of western part of the region is the winds occurring in the Ferghana valley. In the spring (March – May), these winds may reach 30 - 35 m/s which can dry and erode the surface layers of the soil and cause serious damage to young cotton and other plants by wind blast and exposing their root systems. On the average, there are 42 windy days in the Fergana oblast and dust storms can occur during the spring. The dry hot wind often occurs in July. A significant moisture deficit occurs during the summer period which is hot and experience the maximum incoming radiation.

79. There is a problem of wind-blown sand and silt, particularly from two sand dunes close to intake canal of the Abdusamat-1. This causes heavy siltation in the canal and its bank (the inspection road).

80. Air quality of the subproject is indicated as very low by the air pollution index of 1.5 reported in 2010 for the Fergana countryside compared to that of 4.4 in the Fergana city area3.

Soils

81. The subproject irrigation area is situated on the sloping proluvial plain of the debris cone periphery of the Southern Ferghana River. The soils in this region are composed of sand, sandy loam and loamy clay layers of alluvial origin. There are some proluvial deposits, overlying alluvium and sediments covering the whole irrigated area. The sediments have different thickness in different places. The thickest sediments are concentrated in a small area, while the rest of the area is covered by sediments of less thickness (50-60 cm).

82. Hydrological and ameliorative condition of the land is determined by a number of factors: lithological structure, groundwater table and their chemical activity, aeration zone salinity and natural drainage conditions of the area. The following zoning is made based on the principle of separation:

Province A (morphogenetic first order relief type): sloping-proluvial plain of the debris cone periphery of Southern Ferghana rivers. Absolute elevation marks

3 State Nature Protection Committee, Annual Report, 2010


2

are 368-378 m. Surface is sloping towards north and northwest at an angle of 0.0016-0.043.

Sub-oblast A-I (natural drainage conditions): Natural weak drainage onditions.

District A-I-1 (groundwater table as of July 2010): 0.72-3.48 m

Sub district A-I-1 (groundwater salinity and chemical composition): salinity 1- 3 g/l, type - sulphate sodium.

83. Area “a” (geological and lithological structure of the 0-5 m thick layer) is formed by yellowish and grey clay loam solid and semi-solid, plastic and low plastic, with layers of sandy loam, loam and sand of different thicknesses.

84. Based on geo-filtration schematization, the subproject pertains to single-horizon double-layer system formed by a layer of gravel and pebbles overlaid with 6-22 m (on average 14 m) thick clay loam. Water transmissibility of the layer is 764.2 m2/day. Hydrological ameliorative condition of the lands during the vegetative season is unsatisfactory.

85. By soil and climatic zoning, the area pertains to central latitudinal desert zone of Central Asia with desert type of soil formation. Hydrogeological conditions determine the area as prospective “b” area according to hydromodular zones in accordance with recommended agricultural crop patterns.

86. Hydrogeological characteristics determine location of the area under the conditions of backwater and underwater outcrop. As a result, hydromorphic saz soils: meadow, fully irrigable. Mechanical composition is variegated and includes loam, heavy and moderately heavy clay loam, sandy loam and sand. The soils with light clay loam, sandy loam and moderately heavy mechanical composition are prevailing.

87. Although, the whole area is irrigated, based on salinity levels, the area contains low and moderate salinity soils with spots, which is evidence of unsatisfactory ameliorative condition of the lands. Leaching and land improvement measures are required. By humus reserves and soil nutrients levels, the soils pertain to soils with low content.

88. Agro-irrigation horizons have high carbonate content. Carbon dioxide content varies not so much both, in the area and profile (8-11%). According to the carbonate content, silt in the canals is similar to agro-irrigation horizons. Carbon (organic) and nitrogen content in grey soils in some places has considerable fluctuations, particularly, at ploughing level. Fields after cultivation of alfalfa has, in average, increased carbon content comparing with old ploughing fields; however, they are not always rich with nitrogen.

89. The soils are mainly represented by laminated soils. Backwater and pinching out of the ground waters occur in the area owing to the hydrogeological features. This causes a development of hydromorphic soils, i.e. meadow, fully irrigated soils. The soils are composed by sand, sandy loam and loamy clay layers that is evidence of their alluvial origin. There are some proluvial deposits, overlying alluvium and irrigation sediments, which cover the whole irrigated area. The irrigation sediments have different thickness in different places. The thickest sediments are concentrated in small area, while the rest area is covered by sediments of less thickness (50-60 cm).

90. Light soils cover more than half of the area. High crop yield on such soils is provided by the irrigation with small, but frequent portions. Quality of soils is determined


3

by the combination of its features such as crop yield and specificity and complexity of necessary agro-technical and land reclamation measures.

91. Many of the main soil features, which shall be taken into account for Bonitate value, are determined by soil genetic property, durability of the irrigation, soil salinity, water-logging, irrigation erosion and genesis of soil formation rock. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account a thickness of agro-irrigation sediments, soil mechanical texture and drainage capacity of soils.

92. Qualitative assessment of soils is made on the basis of Bonitate scale criteria with respect to the most conservative soil characteristics. Soil fertility is determined by applying decreasing coefficients to individual unfavourable properties: thickness of soils, salinity, water-logging, erosion, etc. Depending on the type of soil, dynamic soil properties are also taken into account: soil density, salinity levels, humus and gypsum content (viz. downgrading factors). An example considering 2 factors are given below.

Table 3: Bonitate factors for two soil characteristics4

Soil consistency Degree of salinity

Soil consistency (g/cm3)

Bonitate factor hydromorphic

Degree of salinity (%)

Bonitate factor

1 0.85 Non-saline 1.0

1.1 0.9 Low salinity 0.85

1.2 1.0 Medium salinity 0.6

1.3 0.95 High salinity 0.3

1.4 0.75

93. Potential soil fertility in the subproject area is generally estimated at 70-80. Average weighted value under the present conditions is 59. To date fertility has been lowered by 15-25%. A package of agricultural and land reclamation measures will help eliminate most negative conditions, which will add to increased fertility index. Average weighted Bonitate value will increase with the project. Subsequently, following the aforementioned measures and implementation of crop rotation system, fertility may be restored to original capacity few years after implementation of rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure of the subproject.

94. By soil and climatic zoning, the area pertains to Central latitudinal zone of ephemeral steppes Ц-II-A, area “b” with desert type of soil formation. Hydrogeological conditions determine area “b” where inflow and outflow of groundwater is hampered, with unstable water table and regime, which depend on local conditions.

95. Considering the texture of the first meter of top soils and effect of water tables on the existing and projected conditions, the following hydromodular zones have been determined.



4

Table 4: Soil resources by hydromodular zones5

Ground water table (m)

Hydromodular zones Mechanical composition (0-100cm)

Area

Current Projected Current Projected ha %

1-2 2-3 VI IV Various, laminated (from medium loamy clay to sandy loams and sands)

3,905 55

1-2 2-3 VII V Loamy clay and clay 3,195 45

Total for the area 7,100 100

96. In order to adopt an irrigation regime based on Ц-II-A zone in accordance with recommended agricultural crop patterns, the area under each category is as follows.

- Area “a” – hydromodular district IV 3,905 ha 55%

- Area “b” – hydromodular district V 3,195 ha 45%

Geology

97. Geological structure is formed by alluvial and proluvial deposits of the Quaternary age. The 6-22 m deep deposits below surface are represented by the layers of clay and sandy loam, sand and loam of different thicknesses. Gravel and pebbles mixed with sand-and-sandy loam and sand occur in the layers deeper below. The layer of gravel and pebbles is heterogeneous, with occurrences of clay loam and loam of different thicknesses. The thickness of the Quaternary deposits is over 100 m.

98. The project is located in the seismic zone designated as 6 -7 on the Richter scale which pose a threat of potential earthquakes demanding protection against such events in case of physical structures to be built for any purposes.

Surface Water Resources

99. Through the territory of Dangara district, big canals of Naymansay, Oktepasay and Urganji flow. On the district border the Syrdarya river runs and also big pump stations such as Abdusamat and Olhamak are located in the river. As a consequence of arid climatic environment, the Dangara district requires considerable amount of water for irrigating vast tracts of fertile land. The primary source of water for agriculture for Dangara district is Syrdarya River.

100. The man waterway of the Fergana region is Syrdarya River. Also there are other tributaries such as Isphayramsay, Shahimardansay, Sokh, Margilansay, Altiariksay, Kuvasay and Beshalishsay. Because of insufficient water supply of Isphayramsay and Shahimardansay, a considerable part of the territory is irrigated by big canals originating from the Syrdarya River, viz. Big Fergana Canal, South-Fergana and Andijan canals.

101. The Fergana valley with the Syrdarya River has a long history of irrigated agriculture and settlement dating back 2000 years. At the end of the 1940s the Soviet



5

government built large scale works to change the water distribution within the valley. The Big Fergana canal, Big Andijan Canal and Big Namangan Canal were some of the structures that were constructed at this time. By 1985 the main reserves of the Fergana valley‟s fertile lands had almost all been converted to irrigation which transformed the valley into one of the most densely populated and productive areas in Central Asia.

102. The Dangara pumping station draws water from the Syrdarya River - a trans-national river, which has a length of 3,019 km and a drainage basin area of 219,100 km2. The Syrdarya is formed by the confluence of the Naryn and Karadarya rivers in the eastern Fergana Valley and generally flows northwest until it empties into the Aral Sea (see Figure 1).The Syrdarya is the longest river in Central Asia.

103. The upper catchment comprises the main northern branch the Naryn and the lesser southern branch the Karadarya. These upper tributaries have their source in the Central Tien-Shan Mountains in the Kyrgyz Republic where the principal source is seasonal snowmelt with less significant volumes from glaciers and perennial snow as well as rainfall. For its first 680 kilometres, the Naryn river flows through Kyrgyzstan and contains 7 reservoirs including the large Toktugal reservoir with an active storage of 14.0 km3 and an installed capacity of 1200 MW (ICWC, 2008). The Karadarya which has a smaller catchment in the Fergana Range has only one reservoir, the Andjan reservoir with a storage capacity of 1.75 km3.

104. The Big Fergana Canal (BFC) takes off from the Uchkurgan barrage on the left bank of the Naryn River just inside the Uzbekistan border. The BFC is a major structure (active capacity 150 m3/s) and irrigates the majority of the Fergana valley. The canal also continues through to Tajikistan.

105. The Syrdarya has the following tributaries: Padshaata, Kasnasay, Gavasay and Chaadaksay on the right side and Isfayram, Shakhimardan, Sokh and Isfara on the left side. The water in the above tributaries is fully used for irrigation during the cultivation season and only during the winter season their waters reach Syrdarya River. The river has a meandering course with the bed width varying from 300 to 450 m and the flow depths from 1.5 to 4.0 m, viz., the minimum during mid-summer and maximum during early spring.

106. The Syrdarya continues for about 120 km through the Fergana valley within Uzbekistan before it enters Tajikistan. The Besharyk pump station is located along the lower section of the Syrdarya River about 30 km above the Tajikistan border. The Syrdarya then enters Tajikistan and flows into the large Kayrakkum reservoir (active capacity 2.55 km3). The river flows for about 40 km before it again re-enters Uzbekistan, where it trends north west and is joined by the Chirchik River which is controlled by the Chirchik reservoir with an active capacity of 1.6km3, after about 120 km the Syrdarya enters Kazakhstan and the large Chardarya reservoir (active capacity 4.4 km3). After the Chardara reservoir there are no other reservoirs though there are numerous off-takes for irrigation areas within Kazakhstan. Some 1,627 km below the Chardarya reservoir what remains of the flow within the Syrdarya reaches the Aral Sea.

107. Following the separation of the central Asian countries after the break -p of the Soviet Union, the regional river control arrangements that were used to manage the Syrdarya for irrigation have been changed to national priorities and the upper reservoirs which are mainly within Kyrgyzstan are now mainly used for hydropower production. The bulk of the stored water is now released during the winter months.

108. Water is shared according to an interstate agreement that was formulated by the


6

five Central Asian states in 1992. This includes two organizations the Syrdarya Basin Water Organisation and the Ambudharya Basin Water Organisation that determine each basins allocations. The Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia (ICWCCA) is the coordinating body. Despite the agreement water allocation continues to remains a vexed problem for downstream users and has created significant political tension among the member states determine each basins allocations. The Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia (ICWCCA) is the coordinating body. Despite the agreement water allocation continues to remains a vexed problem for downstream users and has created significant political tension among the member states

Figure 3: Syrdarya River basin

109. However, Syrdarya River flow has created a problem for Uzbekistan for irrigation water supply during the summer due to reduced flows as well with reduced water quality. This has affected the whole Fergana valley system which is one of the oldest and most complex irrigation areas in Uzbekistan with many of the areas having been irrigated for over 2,000 years. Regional conflicts are now arising between availability and use.

110. Hydrological conditions of the Syrdarya river from the confluence of its tributaries to Kayrakum reservoir has been observed at the following gauging stations:

a) Kal kischlak; observation period since 1935 (2,173 km from the estuary) b) Akdjar Kishlak: observation period since 1954 (2,082 km from the estuary c) Chilmakhramskaya hydroposts: observation period 1944-1955 and 1970-1992

(2,059 km from the estuary) d) Makhautau hydroposts: observation period since 1959 (2,042 km from the

estuary)


7

e) Kayrakum hydroelectric power plant hydroposts: observation period since 1956 (1,960 km from the estuary)

111. The Dangara pumping station is located at 89 km downstream from the confluence of main tributaries of the river. Analysis of the above observations revealed the following facts:

Consistency of river flow has been changed by increased water intake, especially during 1960-1980;

Monthly discharges of the river have changed as a result of Toktogul and other reservoirs built in the upstream.

112. Since 1992, a change in the Toktogul reservoir operational procedure was effected from that of irrigation and hydropower generation to only hydropower generation. As a consequence, a drastic reduction in water availability during the vegetative season and a corresponding increase in winter releases has resulted as clearly depicted in Figure 4. Also, the construction of the Kayrakum reservoir had a partial effect on the water levels at the river at the Dangara intake site.

Figure 4: Flows in Syrdarya River at Chilmakram Hydropost6

113. On the whole, contributions of the Naryn river has considerably reduced since the development of hydropower and irrigation projects in the upstream in Kyrgyzstan territory during the last decade of 20th century. Operations of upstream reservoirs, namely Totogul, Krupsay, and Tashkumir for hydropower generation, have resulted in large daily fluctuations in the river discharges and consequent doubts on adequacy of water availability for daily requirements in the downstream.

114. The monthly flow records in the Syrdarya river at Chilmakram hydropost from 1998 to 2008 indicate considerable reductions in the average monthly discharges during the peak irrigation period from May to September, correspondingly the river water levels also have decreased.

115. Dangara subproject depends on the Syrdarya river flows to meet the irrigation water demand. Figure 4 shows monthly maximum, minimum and average discharges in the Syrdarya river at Chilmakram hydropost from 1998 to 2008 and the flows indicate low annual discharges during main irrigation period from May to October. Drop down of the water level with low discharge in the river during the irrigation period has resulted in

6 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Average 2,10 1,98 1,47 1,15 914 894 698 652 586 919 1,43 2,14

Minimum 1,72 1,45 1,10 578 433 389 399 386 467 700 1,22 2,06

Maximum 2,40 2,54 1,85 2,25 1,36 1,99 941 956 1,00 1,60 2,15 2,79

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Disc

harg

e [m

cm]

River Flows in Syrdharya River at Chilmakram Hydropostfrom 1998 to 2008


8

reduced intake water to the pumping plant, particularly from July to September, which caused reduction in irrigation area.

116. The intake to Dangara pumping station is located on the left bank of the Syrdarya River at about 89 km from the confluence of the Naryn and Karadarya rivers. The average monthly maximum river flows as shown in Figure 4 occur in December with an average flow of 2,218 million m3 and maximum flow of 2,893 million m3. The average minimum monthly river flows occur in August with an average flow of 674 million m3.

117. At present, the subproject experiences irrigation water deficits during the peak irrigation period from June to September due to reduced discharges and the corresponding reductions of water levels in the Syrdarya River. Although Syrdarya River conveys a discharge much greater than the peak irrigations demand of 10 m3/s, the inadequate effective head of water at the entrance to the inlet canal constrain delivery of the required discharge. As a result, the irrigation authorities were compelled to augment the inlet canal to Dangara pump station using 3 pumps lifting water directly from the river. With this arrangement Dangara pump station could use only 1 to 2 pumps and consequently compelling the water users to reduce the cultivated area under the Dangara command area. Monthly planned and actual operation of pumps at Dangara pumping station from 2007 to 2009 is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Planned and Actual water use at Dangara Pump Station7

118. The quantities of actual water supplied by the Dangara pumping station is shown in Figure 6. Actual quantities water pumped during the peak irrigation period June to September was only 1.5-1.8 m3/s instead of planned 5-6 m3/s.


Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2007 PUMPS Planned 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3

2007 PUMPS Actual 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

2008 PUMPS Planned 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3

2008 PUMPS Actual 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 5 2

2009 PUMPS Planned 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3

2009 PUMPS Actual 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

No

. o

f P

um

ps

Planned & Actual Pump Usage


9

Figure 6: Planned and actual water use at the Dangara pump station8

Sediment flux in the river

119. In general, sediment flow in the Syrdarya River is a function of meteorological factors, relief features and soil factors. Flow and sediment regimes have changed following the operation of the Toktogul reservoir in the Naryn River and Andijan reservoir in the Karadarya River.

120. Increase in the silt flux downstream of the Syrdarya river is caused by enhanced carrying capacity of the flow and storm water inflow along the right and left bank tributaries. Average monthly mean of the silt content in winter and autumn varies from 250 to 470 g/m3, while that in spring and summer from 450 to 2,000 g/m3.

121. Average monthly turbidity in the Syrdarya river at Chilmakram hydropost from 1970 to 1987 is shown in Figure 3.2. The figure shows silt contents of 52 - 600 g/m3 in minimum flows, 248 - 1,253 g/m3 in average flows and 620 - 2,800 g/m3 in maximum flows, which indicate turbitity increases with the rate of flow. High turbity generally occurs during the period from April to July, even the discharge in the river is much lower than that during November to March. High turbidity in average flow occurs during four months from April to July showing 971, 1,253, 1005 and 767 g/m3,, respectively, and the turbidity in the rest of the months ranges from 200 to 500 g/m3 (see Figure 7:



2007 Discharge Planned 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 5 5 5 6

2007 Discharge Actual 4 5.5 4 4 5 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 4 4 4


2008 Discharge Actual 4 5.5 4 4 3.5 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 4 2 4


2009 Discharge Actual 4 5.5 4 4 3.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 4 4 4

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Dis

charg

e [cum

/s]

Planned & Actual Water Pumped


10

Figure 7: Turbidity of Syrdarya River Flow from 1970-19879

122. Figure 8 shows particle size distribution of the sediments in Syrdarya river flows. The sediments include relatively fine particles in suspended load; 68% of the suspended particles are coarser than 0.03 mm and 32% finer than 0.075 mm in average flow.

Figure 8: Particle Size distribution of sediments10

Groundwater

123. There are 94 major aquifers in Uzbekistan. The renewable groundwater

resources are estimated at 19.68 km3/year, of which 12.88 km³/year are considered to be overlap with surface resources. Limits to groundwater abstraction for each aquifer in Central Asia have been established. It is permitted to use only such a quantity of groundwater that does not cause surface flow reduction. This quantity is estimated at 6.8 km3/year for Uzbekistan. However, the actual groundwater abstraction is estimated at 7.5 km3/year which causes surface flow reduction.



Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Minimum 86 60 230 110 600 220 140 94 52 160 230 160

Maximum 730 780 790 2300 2800 2500 2200 910 520 820 1000 620

Average 367 438 507 971 1253 1005 767 429 248 359 351 326

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Turb

idity

[gm

s/m

3

Turbidity in Syrdharya River - at Chilmakram Hydropost from 1970 to 1987

2.5 1.5 0.75 0.35 0.15 0.10 0.075 0.03 0.0075 0.001

Min 1.60 1.10 0.10 0.40 1.10 1.90 24.50 7.90 9.50 0.10

Max 1.60 1.10 10.90 28.60 11.90 12.00 40.30 21.90 36.30 16.20

Average 1.60 1.10 1.59 8.45 5.37 6.73 31.59 15.16 23.30 8.37

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Sed

ime

nt C

on

ten

t [%

]

Particle Size

Sediment Particle Size Distribution in Syrdharya River

at Chilmakram Hydropost


11

124. The main source of drinking water in Fergana region is ground waters from artesian wells and boreholes. The fresh water with low mineralization (1 mg/l) is encountered in the region unevenly, particularly in south-western part of the region.

125. Category IV protected area status (the lowest category) has been given to five small localized sites, which include; "Sand Boston Buva" located in the Buva district; an 8,5 ha area "Zilha" in Oltiarik district; a 22,2 ha area "Akbarobod" in Quva district; a 20 ha, “Yozyovon steppe” in Yozyovon district; and the Central steppe in Ohunbabaev district. A fresh water aquifer the “Isfara deposit” has been given the status of "Protected natural territories". The aquifer can be used for drinking water but is protected from use for irrigation and industry. Apart from the aquifer all of the protected areas are located at some distance to the Dangara subproject.

126. The subproject has a single water-bearing horizon in Quaternary deposits. Based on the data from the Ferghana Hydrogeological Expedition, groundwater (in July 2010) was found at 0.72-3.48 m depth under the surface. Water is salty with dissolved solids (1-3 g/l) with chemical composition of sulphate and sodium.

127. Groundwater is recharged by infiltration water coming from fields and irrigation network, atmospheric precipitations and inflow from hypsometric upstream land. Groundwater is discharged through subterranean flow-off, evaporation and plant transpiration, as well as collector drainage.

128. Groundwater is influenced by irrigation and climatic conditions. Groundwater levels are the deepest between February and March. The closer-to-surface occurrence of groundwater is typical of the vegetation season from June and July. Average long-term annual amplitude of groundwater fluctuation level is 0.5-1.2 m. Permeability factor for clay loam is 0.3 m/day and for gravel and pebbles 20 m/day.

129. Over application of water, will form an elevated water table and where it rises to the rooting zone within saline soils and this will be hazardous for plants leading to productivity declines and death in excessively saline areas. The Sokh-Syrdarya BISA11 recognises that groundwater related problems are critical issues within the Fergana valley. Rising groundwater tables are controlled by an extensive system of drainage channels that covers the Fergana valley and drain to the Syrdarya, however many of these have not been well maintained by the farmer based Water User Associations (WUA) and the central government is now initiating a program that is initially focussed on the Fergana valley to improve farm drainage and to move this away from the WUA to the BISA system. The Sokh-Syrarya BISA have an extensive groundwater and drainage water collection system that covers the Fergana valley and has plotted salinity concentrations over several years, which indicates that salinity is increasing. Drainage from the irrigation areas is directed back to the Syrdarya and consequently the location of the pump station means that it also receives water with lower quality due to upstream return flow.

130. Hydro-melioration Expedition division of the Sokh-Syrdarya BISA monitors soil and water quality within the Fergana valley and within the subproject area by a system of monitoring sites and wells that are established at about 1 well per 70 ha. Wells are monitored in both April and October each year, i.e. at the beginning and end of the irrigation season. Samples are weighed for minerals remaining after evaporation. Any samples that record more than 3g/l are considered to be hazardous for cropping.

11 BISA Basin Irrigation System Authority has been formed by MWRA to specifically address irrigation within basins rather than by political boundaries. BISAs are government agencies, whereas WUAs are farmer based


12

C.2 Ecological Resources

Forests and Biodiversity

131. Natural vegetation currently occupies 85 % of the desert and steppe area, 13 % of mountains, valleys and floodplain areas. In the floodplains which were originally well covered with flora, only 2% of the original flora now remains. Flora of Uzbekistan is represented by at least 4,500 species of vascular plants which belong to 650 genera and 115 families. Endemism rate is rather low and equals 8 % (or 400 species) of the total number of species. (Uzbekistan Academy of Science, 2006).

132. The total area of state owned forest land is 8.6 million ha or about 18% of the total area of the Republic. The area under actual forest is 2.4 million ha or 5.3% of the country‟s total area of forest. Compared to 1996, the total area of the state forest reserve has been reduced by more than 1 million ha (NPC, 2005).

133. Uzbekistan is at the junction of several bio-geographic regions in Central Asia and has a rich faunal diversity that includes endemic species and other species that have migrated to occupy the diverse range of habitats that are present in the country. The present vertebrate fauna includes 677 species, including 108 species of mammals, 432 species of birds, 58 species of reptiles, 2 species of amphibians and 77 fish species. Many of these species and their habitats are now under threat from economic development which has changed much of the original desert habitats to irrigated areas while overgrazing by farmed animals has further reduced the range and numbers of many of the species. (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 2006).

134. Uzbekistan has prepared lists of rare and endangered flora and fauna12. Of the 4,500 species of flora in Uzbekistan some 302 species of plants and 3 species of fungi have been classified according to three categories of occurrence and areal extent as being rare and endangered. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2006) shows that 44 types of plants from the Red Book grow in the Samarkand Province out of which one type Hedysarum amancutanicum is listed as Category 0; 15 species are listed as Category 1; 24 species are listed as Category 2, and 5 species are listed as Category 3. Some 48 species of fauna are listed in the Red Book of which 31 species are Category 2, 12 are Category 3 and 5 are of Category 1.13

135. The flora of the Fergana region is very diverse and rich. The northern part has salt marsh meadows (saz) where Russian thistles grow. Considerable part of land is occupied by cultural crops, essentially cotton. In the oasis most widespread flora include pyramidal poplar, mulberry, elm, djida, willow, Greek nuts, apricot, apple tree, pear tree, peach tree, pomegranate, fig, quince, cherry tree, grape, plum, almonds, etc. Also white acacia, tulip tree, maklur, ailanthus, plane, etc., grow. Along river deltas, deciduous and Central Asian juniper woods, which protect slopes from erosion and have economic value, are encountered.

136. The fauna of Fergana region is diverse and rich. In Syrdarya tugai wild boar is encountered, in foothills of Alay ridge, wolf, fox, badger, porcupine, etc., can be rarely seen, in the oasis – big-eared hedgehog and rattle-mouse are found. Among birds. sparrows, pink starlings, pigeons, turtle-doves, swallows, quail, hoopoe, cuckoo, crow,

12

Academy of Sciences and State Committee of Nature Protection, 2006. The Red Data Book of the Republic of

Uzbekistan. Volume I: Plants the Fungi. Volume II: Animals 13

Category 0 are species that are thought to be extinct, category 1 are species that are close to becoming extinct (endangered); Category 2 are rare species; and Category 3 are Reducing ones .


13

nightingale and others are present. Among predatory birds eagles and griffins are found but occationally. In foothills on stony slide-rocks – stony partridge (Keklik) and skylarks are reported. On reservoir banks a large variety of ducks, sandpipers and other waterfowls are found. Among reptiles, usual tortoises, and numerous lizards; and among arachnidan – phalanxes, scorpions, tarantulas; and among fish – marinka, barber, catfish, small carps are the reported specie.

137. In the Dangara district the widespread flora is represented by saxaul, kandim, tamarisk, camel's-thorn, wormwood, pearl oyster of Leman, Caspian Halostachys, Russian fleshy thistle, Salsola, Petrosimonia oppositifolia. On Syrdarya banks warm grey list poplar, willow, silver salt tree and others grow. However, only some sparse vegetation mainly established by people or secondary growth is found in the area around pump house and canals whereas some bushes are found in the intake area (see Annex- D).

138. In the Dangara district animals reported in areas of wild nature include jackals, foxes, wolfs, jungle cat, hares, rodents, birds: sparrow, Indian starlings, skylarks, ducks, bald ducks, pheasants, ravens, storks, falcons, venomous and no venomous snakes: sandy boa, whip snake, grass snake and others. The fish species in the Syrdarya river are carp, catfish, asp, snakehead, barbell and marinka (carp family). However, the irrigation project is totally cleared of its original vegetation and no wildlife except birds were observed.

Protected Areas

139. Uzbekistan has addressed the problem of declining flora and fauna by creating

protected areas at both the national and provincial levels. The national level includes six

mountain reserves (Gissar, Zaamin, Kitab, Nurata, Surkhan and Chatkal); three desert-tugai nature reserves (Kyzylkum, Badai-tugai, and Zarafashan; two mountain national parks (Zaamin and Ugam-Chatkal; nine reservations (Arnasai, Dengizkul, Karakir, Karakul, Karnabchul, Koshrabad, Saiga-chiy, Sarmysh and Sudochie) and two nature monuments (Vardanzi and Yazavan). A strictly protected status has been given to the eco-centre “Djeiran” to breed rare animal species for their re-introduction to their natural habitats.

140. There are two state nature reserves In Fergana valley, i.e., Yaz‟yavan and Central Fergana (see Figure 7). The forestry economy with an area of 12,254 thousand ha is of ecological importance. There are 3 fresh water aquifers with status “Protected natural territories”, viz., Isphayram with area 2195,9 ha of local importance, Chimion-Avval with area 17036 ha and Sokh with area 16913 ha (Republican significance). There are no protected areas within the sub-project area or close to any project components but far away from the subproject.


14

Figure 7: Protected Areas

Ecology of the Project Area

141. The subproject area is a semi desert plane and on the right bank of the Syrdarya River, vegetation of the type tamarisk, oleaster and reed can be found at the very edge of the bank. However, very little vegetation is found beyond. On the left bank, where the

subproject is located, large tracts of land are cultivated with water pumped from the river. The surrounding area of the intake at the river is covered only by some sparse bushes and secondary growth of weeds. However, planted trees around the intake canal bund are encountered (see Annex- D)

142. The irrigation area (former desert) is devoid of its original vegetation. This having been removed by the construction and alteration of the environmental conditions by the irrigation systems. Here the original vegetation has been replaced by crops (cotton, wheat and maize), deciduous trees (poplars and fruit trees). Irrigation Canals run through fully cleared land but along the side of the some canal sections poplars (Topil), plane trees (Cheenara), tamarex, dzhida, yantak and isrik have been planted where they survive on water seeping from the canal. Some salt tolerant grasses and sedges are found in the lower wetter areas where groundwater table has risen.


15

C.3 Economic Development

143. Uzbekistan is an upper low-income country rich in resources and economic potential. Since gaining independence in 1991 (having separated from the Soviet Union) the country has navigated towards a market based economy. With the subsequent transition, the chief economic goals of the country have broadly consisted of reducing dependence on imports, ensuring energy and food self-sufficiency, diversifying the economy, prudent fiscal and monetary policies, stimulating exports and expanding employment opportunities in order to raise living standards. The government has adopted a gradualist approach to economic change which has seen per capita GNI increase from $420 in 2003 to $610 in 2006. During the same period GDP grew from 4.4% to 7.2%. Despite this growth, poverty and unemployment are continuing problems in Uzbekistan (WB, 2000)14.

144. Agriculture is the key economic sector in Uzbekistan making up 33% of the GDP, 38% of employment and providing about 40% of export income (WB, 2000). Some 60% of the country‟s population live in rural areas. Agricultural land occupies 28.5 million ha of which 4.2 million ha is irrigated, the remaining 23.4 ha is low productive grazing land.

145. Due to the arid climate, crop production is almost entirely dependent on irrigation. Cotton and wheat are the two major crops, which are grown on 41% and 42% of the irrigated land respectively. Both crops are subject to production quotas imposed by the government. Uzbekistan is globally the sixth largest cotton producer and the second largest cotton exporter after the USA with cotton making up about 25% of export income. However, cotton production is being increasingly affected by soil degradation and salinization which is now affecting 50% of the irrigated area (WB, 2000). In Uzbekistan the Fergana province is one of the major agricultural production areas and is solely dependent on irrigation. In 2007, 66% of agricultural production in Fergana province was produced from dehkan farms (290,215 ha) and 31% from privately owned farms.

146. Since the mid 1990‟s Uzbekistan has also increasingly diversified away from cotton to make itself secure in food production and has promoted winter wheat growing. This crop uses less water and in 1997 the country attained self-sufficiency in wheat production.

147. The Ferghana valley, with administrative centre of Ferghana city, has a history of ancient irrigated agriculture and an agro based economy. Records indicate about 72% of the total population depends on the irrigated agriculture. Consequently, employment, income and the welfare of the majority of the population depend on the agriculture production.

148. For the last 10 years, the growth of rural population and corresponding increased land use for settlements and other in the region has led to reduction of the irrigated lands per capita. The increasing demand for water other than irrigated agriculture has been observed in the recent past.

149. In the Dangara district there is a one grand enterprise “Magnat”, which produce yarn and cotton tissues. There are also 6 joint enterprises, 10 construction and erection organizations, 2 automobile company, 9 trade- purveying centres. Dangara canning factory was established in 1997. The official number of unemployed men is 64. However, 2757 new work places are reported to have been established. The total number of existing small business is 2037 and out of which 1242 are farms (the average area of a

14

World Bank, 2000. Irrigation and Drainage Sector Strategy Study. Volume 1. Report prepared for MAWR


16

farm is 20,1 ha)..

150. The command area of the subproject is 7,100 ha. However, about 965 ha (or 13.5% ) of the command area is not cultivated due to shortage of irrigation water caused by deteriorated pumps and irrigation facilities as well as low water level in the Syrdarya river. Of the presently irrigated area 5,923 ha or about 83.4% of the irrigated lands are cultivated by private farmers and the balance 1,177 ha or 16.6% by dehkan farms including household land plots.

151. Averaged land use in the subproject area for four years from 2007 to 2010 is shown in Table 5. Cotton and wheat were the main crops on the irrigated lands, covering 40.34% and 43.46%, respectively. The rest of the lands were grown to vegetables (5.06%), orchards (3.58%), fodder crops (3.38%), vineyards (3.09%), and mulberry (0.99%). Regarding the crop mixture, all or 100% of private farms have grown cotton and mulberry, 85.32% of farms have grown wheat, 84.90% of fodder crops, etc.

Table 5: Land use in Dangara subproject (average for 2007-2010)15

No Land Use All farms (%) Private farms (%)

1 Wheat 43.5 9.5

2 Cotton 39.8 100.0

Potato 0.2 -

3 Vegetables 1.9 43.5

Water melon and gourds 0.3 36.8

4 Fodder crops, total 3.1 93.8

- maize for silage 2.8 97.7

- perennial grasses 0.3 55.6

5 Orchards 3.1 73.5

6 Vineyards 1.3 -

7 Mulberry 1.0 100.00

Household plots 5.9 -

Total 100.0 85.8

152. For the period 2007-2009, average yield capacities and gross yields of various crops in all farms and private farms in the Dangara subproject area are given in Table 6. The table shows yield capacities of wheat and cotton in all farms at 25.81 centner/ha and 22.71 centner/ha, respectively.

153. The yield capacity of 25.81 centner/ha wheat in all farms is little lower than 29.77 centener/ha of private farms. The table also shows gross yield of 6,822.1 tons wheat, 5,571.8 tons raw cotton, 1,381.3 tons vegetables, 309.7 tons fruits, and 339 tons potatoes in all farms. Private farms produce 98.4% of wheat, 100% of raw cotton, 67.8% of vegetables, and 54.5% „of fruits.

15

Dongshing Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011


17

Table 6: Crop area, yield capacity and gross yield (average for 2007-2009)16

No Land use

Area (ha)

Yield per ha (centner/ha)

Crop production (ton)

All farms Private farms

All farms Private farms

All farms

Private farms

1 Wheat 2,643 2,255 25.81 29.77 6,822.1 6,712.1

2 Cotton 2,453 2,453 22.71 22.71 5,571.8 5,572.0

3 Potatoes 90 0 37.67 339.0

4 Vegetables 224 112 61.93 84.05 1,387.3 941.3

5 Melons and gourds 205.3 174.3

6 Maize for silage 164.7 133.7 120.0

- Annual grasses for

silage 40.7 40.7 183.3

- Perennial grasses for

silage 218 139 34.46 44.99 751.3 625.3

7 Orchards – total 188 94 16.47 17.94 309.7 168.7

154. In 2010, households in the sub-project area produced 7 241 tons of crops, including: The average crop production of households in 2010 was 1.5 tons per household

1 543 tons of vegetables

1 442 tons of fruits

1 060 tons of grapes

976 tons of melons and watermelons

819 tons of wheat, and

1 402 tons of maize.

155. Table 7 shows number of animals and production of livestock and poultry in the district and subproject area. The subproject area represent only minor portions of livestock and poultry of the Dangara district, showing 0.83% cattle, 1.97% cows, 0.56% sheep and goats and 1.34% poultry. Production of livestock and poultry in the subproject

area covers 4.6% meat, 9.28% milk and 1% of eggs of district production.

16

Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011


18

Table 7: Livestock and poultry in the District and Subproject area in 201017

Livestock and poultry District total Subproject area

Percentage of District total

Number of Ani,als

Cattle 51,750 10,605 20.5

Cows 21,730 3,394 15.6

Sheep and goats 44,750 6,150 13.7

Poultry 149,130 12,290 8.2

Production

Meat (live weight basis), ton

4,500 207 4.6

Milk, ton 45,750 4,248 9.28

Eggs, thousand pcs.

13,800 139 10.1

156. After rehabilitation of the pumping station, guaranteed irrigation water supply will create favourable conditions for crop production and cropping intensity. With improved soil fertility, Bonitate value of the subproject area can be raised by implementing crop rotation and cultivation of green manure crops, etc. Also, advanced agricultural practices to be introduced for crop cultivation, mineral fertilizers to be applied in a timely fashion, improved seed varieties to be used and advanced framing will be implemented. Farmers will have more opportunities of growing double crops like vegetables, potato and maize

for silage after harvest of wheat as shown in Table 8.

17



19

Table 8: Land use structure under the current conditions and with the project18

No Crop

Current conditions (2010) With the project

Area (ha)

Total % total

Area (ha)

Total % total Private farms

Dehkan farms

Private farms

Dehkan farms

1 Wheat 2,385.8 281 2,667 43.5 2,200 480 2,680 37.7

2 Cotton 2,440 0 2,440 39.8 3,140 0 3,140 44.2

3 Vegetables 0 15 15 0.2 50 75 125 1.8

4 Potato 50 65 115 1.9 50 73 123 1.7

5 Melons and gourds 7 9 16 0.3 7 20 27 0.4

6 Fodder crops-total 180 12 192 3.1 337 32 369 5.2

- Maize for silage 110 4 114 1.9 160 14 174 2.5

- Annual grasses 60 0 60 1.0 137 10 147 2.1

-Perennial grasses 10 8 18 0.3 40 8 48 0.7

Total sowings 5,063 382 5,445 88.7 5,784 680 6,464 91.0

7 Orchards-total 139 50 189 3.1 139 50 189 2.7

Including fruit-bearing

0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0

8 Grapes-total 0 79 79 1.3 0.0 85 85 1.2

Including fruit-bearing

0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0

9 Mulberry 60 0 60 1.0 0 0 0 0.0

10 Household land plots 0 362 362 5.9 0 362 362 5.1

11 Forest farm 5,262 873 6,135 100.0 5,923 1,177 7,100 100.0

Total

Double crops 0 0 0 0 220 100 320 4.5

-Vegetables 0 0 0 0 160 80 240 3.4

-Potato 0 0 0 0 1,180 380 1,560 22.0

-Maize for silage 2,386 281 2,667 43.5 2,200 480 2,680 37.7

Note: HH land plots: 362 ha

157. Similar to crop production, production of livestock and poultry will also increase with the project (see table 9).

18



20

Table 9: Livestock and poultry production with the project19

Livestock and poultry Production

Cattle (head) 12,195

Cows (head) 3,903

Sheep and goats (head) 7,072

Poultry (head) 14,133

Meat (live weight) (ton) 244

Milk (ton) 5,008

Eggs, thousand (piece) 164

C.4 Social and Cultural Resources

158. Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia with around 27.6 million citizens20 and a land mass of almost 450,000 km2. It occupies a strategic, though double landlocked location bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Turkmenistan and Afghanistan to the south and west. It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 45th by population. The capital Tashkent with a population of over 2.5 million is the largest city in Central Asia. Some 90% of the population belongs to Central Asian nations. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, approximately 80 % of the population are Uzbek. Russians are the second largest group with 5.5% of the population. Other ethnic groups include Tajiks 5%, Kazaks 3%, Karakalpaks 2.5%, Tartars 1.5% and Kyrgyz 1%. Nearly 60% of the population live in rural areas.

159. The Uzbek language is the official state language and Russian is also widely spoken. Uzbekistan benefits from a rich cultural inheritance being one of the „cradles of civilization‟ located on the ancient „Silk Road‟ between Asia, the Middle East and Europe21.

160. The strength of recent export led growth22 in the region of 6%-8% GDP growth per annum between 2004 – 200823 and the maintenance of high rates of public expenditure in the education and health sectors, have enabled a reduction in the overall poverty rate from 27.5% (urban 22.5% to rural 30.5%) in 200124, to 23.6% (urban 17.6% to rural 27.1%) by 200725. The indicators of wealth creation are positive with gross national income per capita increasing to US$900 in 200826, up from US$730 in 200727.

19

Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011 20

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) 21

UNDP Country Programme Action Plan 2010- 2015 22

Especially in gold, copper, cotton, natural gas, machinery production, and chemical, light and food-processing industries – (buoyed by favorable global prices) 23

The Economist Intelligence Unit 24

Welfare Improvement Strategy of Uzbekistan – (2008-2010) Table 3.8 25

UNDP Draft Country Programme Document for Uzbekistan 2010-2015 (19th March 2009) 26

World Bank Uzbekistan Country Brief 2009 (per capita based on GNI, Atlas method). 27

United Nations Development Assistance Framework 2010-2015 p. 13


21

However, no recent information is available in published literature to analyse the trends by now.

161. Poverty and low wages are a national concern and it is estimated that 26% of the population live below the national poverty line (2003 data as quoted by ADB, 2008) with the great majority of these people living in rural areas. It is estimated that rural incomes have declined to less than 25% of the urban wage rates. Rural poverty has been shown to be clearly related to unreliable water supply and land degradation (water logging and soil salinization) with those farmers located at the end of the water distribution systems normally the most affected. Poverty in rural areas is also affected by increased numbers of people now wanting to enter the workforce as a consequence of high birth rates in the 1970‟s and 1980‟s. With the privatisation of landholdings there has been a reduction in employment opportunities and many of these people can no longer find work in rural areas or are underemployed. It is estimated that about 3.5 million mainly young men have migrated abroad in search of work.

162. Within Uzbekistan the Fergana valley currently supports a population of 6,867,200 persons of which 71% are rural. The population density in the valley within Uzbekistan is the highest in the three countries at 353 persons/km2 with only 0.19 ha/head of irrigated land now available. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, economic growth slowed down and the complex irrigation structures gradually declined due to lack of maintenance caused by lowered income from reduced water availability and the resulting inability of poorer farmers to meet the costs of maintaining the structure.

163. Ferghana valley and its townships depend on agro-economy to ensure income, employment, and welfare of the rural population. It is estimated that about 90% of the total population in Dangara district depends on the irrigated agriculture. However, in some areas ensuring a reliable irrigation water supply has become a problem due to physical deterioration of the water distribution structures.

164. The resident population of the subproject area are located within 2 massifs shown in the Table 10. Without the project, residents in the area will gradually decline because of decreased crop cultivation due to shrinking irrigation lands.

Table 10: Population in the project related Massifs28

Massifs Persons

Taypok 565

Okjar 23,877

Total 24,442

165. In Uzbekistan, there is a free public medical service. The largest hospitals are located in Tashkent while regional centres provide adequate facilities at regional levels. However, the facilities at district hospitals are not fully-equipped and they send patients to regional hospitals for serious conditions. The prevalence of illnesses has increase during the last years in the whole of the country. From 2005 to 2008 the level of prevalence increased at the rate of 3.59% in the Fergana region and major causes were allergy, nervous disorders, respiratory diseases, digestive problems and nasal catarrh.

28



22

About 21% of children below 5 years are under-seight (ADB, 2005).

166. In the Fergana region, there are 127 hospitals with 6,5 thousand doctors and 26,2 thousand average medical staff. In the Dangara district, there are 4 hospitasl with 390 beds. Also, there are 22 units of Ambulatory-clinic agency, 20 rural medical offices. The Fergana Province has sanatory "Chimion".

167. Regarding educational facilities, the number of general school is 42 for 26479 school children and 5 professional colleges for 52400 students. In the district there are 45 libraries, 17 cultural centres and 43 play grounds. In the province, for entertainment there are 4 theatres, 335 clubs, 394 cinemas. There are 737 mass libraries, 9 museums, 9 sanatoriums and 1 house for rest. There are 6 mass media publications in the province, namely: "Fergona haqiqati", "Ferganaskaya Pravda", "Fargona Tongi", "Davr ovozi" and others. There is Function teller adio company of Fergana region.

168. The facilities and supports available locally for implementation of the Dangara subproject are as follows:

Availability of well- developed livelihood support infrastructure, transportation and other engineering communications;

Availability of construction organizations, local construction materials and experienced staff;

Long experience of the rural population in cultivation of various agricultural crops;

Availability of the operational organizations for water management structures, engineering and technician staff having unique experience in long-term O&M of physically worn out pump stations and canals;

Availability of agricultural product processing entities and other support from related sectors;

Opportunities for further socioeconomic development of the subproject area.

169. The subproject has a strong institutional organizational arrangement for managing irrigated agriculture sector comprising (i) Basin Irrigation System Administration (BISA), (ii) Irrigation System Administration (ISA), (iii) Main Canal Administration (MCA), Department of Pump Operations (DPSO), Water User Association (WUA) and other relevant stakeholders. In addition the District and Regional Administrations also show keen interests in the irrigated agriculture sector.

170. he farming structure has evolved since independence. Shirkat farms created from Soviet collective farms were transformed into private farms by the end of 2007 and are the main producers of the strategic commodities, cotton, and wheat. The private farms are subject to the government regulations. Considerable number of rural population is employed in private farms.

171. The dehkan farms are small inheritable household plots (0.15–0.35 ha) free from Government quotas for crop selection and marketing. Their land use rights have been transferred to private individuals. This allows for secure possession, inheritance, and free cropping patterns and produce vegetables and fruits to meet the country demands. In addition the dehkan farms provide important cash flow to farmers.

172. The local government organizations established at the lowest level of governance are the Makhallas (equivalent to villages). The area of a Mahalla is determined by local authorities and the sub project area has 7 Makhallas. The Rural Assembly of Citizens


23

(RAC) is at the next higher level of rural administration. The Chairman is elected by village representatives based on District Administration Recommendations (Local Authority). Dangara has 2 RACs. Water User Associations (WUA) are non-governmental organizations that distribute irrigation water to farmers. There are 4 WUAs in Dangara Project. Members elect the Chairman. The Chairman appoints the other officers. WUAs are also responsible for O&M of irrigation and drainage structures and canals.

173. The Sub-Project area population is rather homogeneous in terms of ethnic origin: almost 100% of population being Uzbeks. The demographic data of the subproject population is given below.

Table 11: Demographic data of the Dangara sub-project29

Indicator Data Source Number

Total Population RACs & Makhallas 22 750

Total No of HH RACs & Makhallas 4 634

Average HH Size 4,9

Total No of Families RACs & Makhallas 5 652

No of Poor Families* RACs & Makhallas 627

No of Non Poor Families 5 025

% of Poor Families 11,1

% of Non Poor Families 88,9

No of children below 1 year RACs & Makhallas 980

No of children below 5 years RACs & Makhallas 1 660



Total No of children below 16 years RACs & Makhallas 7 008

No of adults > 60 RACs & Makhallas 1 437

Total No of Dependents 8 445

Dependency ratio 59,0

Dependency ratio (Employed) 79,6

No of Old age pensioners Total RACs & Makhallas 1 475

% of Old age pensioners in Popln. 6,5

No Disabled / handicapped Total RACs & Makhallas 444

% of Disabled / handicapped in Popln. 2,0

No of Persons Migrated Total RACs & Makhallas 95

% of Persons Migrated 0,4

*Poor families are identified by RACs and Makhallas based on multiple factors, such as

number of dependents, income level, family members with disabilities, etc. Poor

families are subject to social transfers from the government.

174. Employed population comprises 74.5% of the total workforce of 14 231 people. The largest number of population is employed in agriculture (13.6%) and government

29

Socio-economic baseline data collected for the Feasibility Study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011


24

sector (15.4%). Majority of economically active women in the sub-project area are housekeepers. However, as revealed by the focus-group discussions with women, housekeepers are involved in a number of agricultural activities, such as livestock raring in households and cotton harvesting. Unemployment rate is very high and constitutes 10.3% of the total population.

175. The education level in the sub-project area is higher than in most of the rural areas of Uzbekistan. The rate of people with complete secondary education (50.3%) is above average among surveyed sub-project areas (23.4%). The percentage of people with higher education (5.3%) is also higher than average level (3.9%).

176. Potable water supply is a serious issue for the project area. Only 17% of households in the sub-project area have pipe-borne water in the house or in the courtyard. About 74.6% of households have access to street water taps. On the average, pipeline water is available 1 to 2 hours a day. Water from river, canals, ditches and spring water is used, at least time to time, by 87.3% of households. About 8.3% of population get water using hand pumps within or outside their compounds and 8.1% of households use other sources of water. Therefore, people in the sub-project area drink and cook using water, which falls short of sanitary standards, and in order to clean water, people mainly use boiling and settling.

177. About 98.2% of households are connected to electricity supply network, but power cuts are very frequent. This, in particular, is caused by use of electricity by pump stations, since most part of the electricity supplied to the area is used by pump stations. On the average, electricity is available 1 to 2 hours a day.

178. About 93.4% of households are connected to natural gas pipelines. Natural gas is supplied irregularly, with frequent interruptions/ low pressure. About 0.5% of the households are connected to telephone lines. On the other hand, nearly 100% of households use mobile phones due to easy access to mobile communications.

179. All households in the sub-project area use pit toilets. As reported by District Health departments, only 0.1% of population was affected by water borne diseases in 2010. Also, only 0.3% of the population in the sub-project area was affected by other diseases in 2010.

180. Previously established production and social infrastructure with a reliable water supply would allow further development of agricultural production in the irrigated lands of the subproject after rehabilitation. The subproject area has following rural infrastructure facilities:

Table 12: Social infrastructure facilities in Dangara Subproject 30

No Name Quantity

1 Housing and public utilities department -

2 Private Houses 4,489

State and public enterprises /institutions/organizations

3 Flour mill -

30

Socio-economic baseline data collected for the feasibility study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011


25

No Name Quantity

4 Branch of petroleum storage depot (Nurobod) 7

5 Warehouses (garage) 29

6 Shops 5

7 Outpatient clinics 5

8 Schools 6

9 Kindergartens 6

10 Stadiums 6

11 Sport grounds 4

Roads:

12 Asphalt (km) 120

13 Unpaved (km) 30

14 Bridges 7

15 Drinking water pipeline (km) -

16 Gas supply pipeline (km) 109.8

17 Electric power transmission lines (km) 528

18 Communication lines (km) -

181. Regarding educational facilities, the number of general school is 42 for 26479 schoolchildren and 5 professional colleges, for 5240 students. There are 4 hospital with 390 beds; 22 Ambulatory-clinic agencies and 20 rural medical offices.

182. Dangara district has well established economic linkages between farmers in the subproject area and the suppliers of agricultural inputs and consumers of the agricultural products. The average distances between the nearest agricultural inputs market centers and the farms are as follows:

Seed materials and fertilizers - JSC “Fergana paktasanoat” or other suppliers, distance is about 4 to 10 km.

Agro-chemicals – rural agro-chemical department, distance is about 4 to 10 km.

Farming machinery and equipment

The district Machinery-Tractor Pool (MTP) for hiring/leasing agriculture machinery and equipment is about 8-10 km.

Alternatively, branches of MTPs are located close to the farming area and nearest is about 1 to 4 km.

Some farmers possess their own machinery and equipment for work while the others hire from MTP centers.

Fuels and lubricants – nearest main fuel depot at Kokand about 20 km from the s

ubproject area or from 90 fuel distribution centers in the district.

183. Large commercial scale productions of cotton and wheat by the private farmers are based on formal contractual marketing with formal agreed prices at the beginning of the season.


26

184. The well-developed transport network in project area, including provincial and national roads from Dangara to Kokand, Ferghana, Namangan and Tashkent facilitates rapid movement of agriculture products from the producer to the external markets simultaneously avail agriculture inputs to the farmers. Consequently delays in realization of benefits to the farmers are minimal.

185. Major agriculture products in the district are cotton and wheat; cotton is sold to the district cotton plant and the average distance is about 4 to 16 km, and wheat is sold to the flour mill and the average distance is about 8 to 20 km. Transportation costs of cotton and wheat from the fields are paid by the procurement entities. The farmers have the choice of disposing any products beyond the contractual quota. The wheat farmers give part of the extra produce to the employees instead of cash salary, and part is sold in the open market prices. The farmers have the choice of selling fruits, vegetables, and live-stock products in the open markets at prevailing prices. The distance from the farms to the district market is 5-6 km, and to Kokand market is 10 km. The products are sold in dehkan markets in the region and the haulages are shown below:

Dangara district center – Kokand city: 10 km;

Dangara district center – Ferghana city: 115 km;

Dangara district center - Namangan city: 40 km;

Dangara district center – Furkat: 15 km;

Dangara district center – Buvayda: 20 km.

D. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

D.1 Potential Environmental Impacts

D 1.1 Issues / Concerns Relative to Siting

186. Construction of all the new facilities and repair/ upgrading of existing facilities will

be all in the existing lands under the BISA. All these sites are more than a kilometre away from any residential or commercial areas and not close to areas with any form of human activities. There are no sensitive ecosystems, protected areas, endemic or threatened species to be impacted due to the project sites. As well, none of the historic, cultural and architectural sites will be impacted.

187. Structural stability of the facilities may be impacted by the geological and soil

conditions in the area unless adequate structural stability is incorporated into the design. If adequate safety precautions are not considered accidents may occur due to natural disasters like earthquakes. .

Availability of water

188. There is no other source of water available for this subproject and the water

supply through the Syrdarya River is a reliable source. Water user conflict may result


27

only if irrigation farmers using water downstream of the Dangara intake in the Syrdarya River are likely to be impacted by reduced water.

189. The Dangara subproject intake canal draws water from the Syrdarya River through an intake sill located about 4 m above the bed level of the river. After deepening and widening the intake, the water diverted into the intake canal will be increased.

190. Estimated maximum irrigation water requirement at the system head of Dangara canal for 7,100 ha is about 10 m3/s. Monthly irrigation demands determined considering the future cropped areas and cropping patterns is as below:31

Hydro modular zones Area "a" Area "b"

Percentage Area under hydro modular district IV 55% 45%

Command area [ha] 3905 3195

Crop % Extent % Extent

1 Wheat 37.6% 37.6%

2 Cotton 44.3% 44.3%

3 Potato & Vegetables 3.4% 3.4%

4 Fodder crops 6.0% 6.0%

5 Gardens, mulberry & other tree crops 2.7% 2.7%

6 Vineyards 0.9% 0.9%

7 Home Gardens 5.1% 5.1%

8 Double crops / Cropping intensity 29.9% 29.9%

Total 129.9% 129.9%

191. Monthly variations in the irrigation demands are shown in Figure 8 below. The maximum demand of 25.9 million m3 occurs in July and is very much less than the average water availability of 698 million m3 in the Syrdarya river at the Dangara intake.

31

Dongshing Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011


Ir Dem 0.00 7.80 15.3 6.64 9.70 15.2 25.9 21.6 12.7 7.94 2.74 0.49

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Irri

gati

on

De

man

d [

mcm

]

Dangara Sub ProjectMonthly Irrigation Demand


28

Figure 8: Monthly irrigation demands in Dangara subproject32

192. This irrigation requirement is compared with the river flow in the following table and the figure.

Table 13: Average flow of the Syrdarya River at Chilmakram Hydropost during 1998 – 2008 period and maximum irrigation requirement at Dangara intake33


Av River Flow (mcm)

2.1 1.98 1.47 1.15 914 894 698 652 586 919 1.43 2.14

Irrigation Demand (mcm)

0 7.8 15.3 6.64 9.7 15.2 25.9 21.6 12.7 7.9 2.74 0.49

Irr demand as % of river flow

1.06% 1.70% 3.71% 3.31% 2.17% 0.86% 22.9%

Figure 9: Average flow of the Syrdarya River and maximum irrigation requirement at Dangara intake34

193. It is obvious that the maximum irrigation requirement of the Dangara pumping station could be met by less than 4 percent of the average river flow during May – October period if the intake sill level is lowered. However it should be noted that about half of the requirement is already diverted, except during the critical period, and therefore, only additional abstraction after rehabilitation will bring about impacts, if any, in the downstream. However, even the total abstraction is not much compared to the river flow and which is unlikely to impact adversely on the downstream. Moreover, return flow from the irrigation scheme will reach the Syrdarya river at the downstream.

32

Dongshing Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Study of the Dangara Subproject, 2011 33

Computed based on data given in Figure 4 and Figure 8 34

Based on table 13

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Jan Fe

Mar

Ap

r

May Jun

Jul

Au

g

Sep

Oc

No

v

De

c

Av River Flow (mcm)

Irrigation Demand (mcm)


29

194. Uzbekistan is signatory to the following multi-lateral agreements and they must be respected in decision making regarding the water abstraction from transnational rivers like Syrdarya River. These multi-lateral agreements in water sector include:

(a) Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in Trans-boundary Context (Espoo, 1991);

(b) Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans-boundary Water Courses and International Lakes (Helsinki, 1992);

(c) Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 2001)

195. There is a problem of heavy sediment-flux in the Syrdarya River affecting the canal capacities and pump-life as well passing down into irrigated areas. The longitudinal section of the intake canal shows silt deposits from picket 0+00 to 4+00 indicating larger particles have deposited in the initial reaches. Moreover, flow velocities in the canal were such that the suspended sediments had been pumped into the machine canal resulting in silt deposits in the canal system.

196. The flat topography of the river bank at the site, the elevations of the river bed (351.81 m) and sill level of the pump house inlet (354.32 m) restrict the available options for removal of deposited sediment to mechanical removal. Consequently, the intake canal needs low flow velocities to facilitate sediment deposition and continuous mechanical dredging to remove silt, especially during the high flows in the Syrdarya river.

197. The design of the sediment basin for rehabilitation considered (i) the layout of the current intake and pumping station facilities for inflows and silt removal arrangements, (ii) monthly Syrdarya river flows from 2004 to 2008, (iii) average monthly turbidity variations in the Syrdarya river, and (iv) fractional particle size of the sediment.

198. Existing earthen canal could be enlarged to contain the sediments with an excavated silt trap in the canal bed. The above option was analysed considering, average flow and turbidity conditions in the source river and inlet canal, a bed width of 20 m in the inlet canal, side slope of 1:1.5 and the outcome is summarized below.

Depth of silt trap (m) 3.0

Depth of flow in the sediment basin (m) 5.0

Bed width in the sediment basin (m) 10

Flow velocity (m/s) 0.16

Length for sedimentation (m) 500

199. In practice, sediment basins under the conditions of Uzbekistan are calculated with due consideration to the suspended sediment load in the source canal, flow hydraulics in inlet canal, and settling velocity of the sediment.

200. The annual peak irrigation demand occurs from June to October and the maximum and minimum river flows during this period are 771 and 149 m3/s, respectively and corresponding sediment loads in the river are 2,500 and 94 g/m3 of the river flow. Assuming the bulk density of 1.3 g/cm3, and suspended sediment at 70% of the total sediment load in the river, the total estimated inflow of sediment into intake canal with the inflow of 15 m3/s is 1,710 m3/day.

201. Under the prevailing conditions, upstream reaches of the river receives stream and drainage discharges from the Ferghana valley, which results in increased salinity levels. The recorded average salinity level is 0.7- 0.8 g/l, while the maximum values was 1.2 - 1.5 g/l and the minimum values was 0.5 - 0.6 g/l.


30

202. Following are the observed levels of salinity, HCO3, and hardness of water in Syrdarya river:

Salinity levels: 200 - 500 mg/l during high water and 500 - 800 mg/l during low water;

HCO3 levels: 20 - 31% equivalent during high water and 17 - 24% equivalent during low water;

Total hardness of water: 3.5 - 9.2 mg equivalent during high water and 5.7 - 10 mg during low water.

203. Based on the correlation between discharge rate and salinity levels, calculated salinity rate is as follows:

Salinity rate of over 1.5 g/l during discharge levels of less than 250 - 300 m3/s;

Salinity rate of less than 1.02 mg/l during discharge levels around 500 m3/s;

Salinity rate of 0.7-0.5 g/l during discharge levels of over 700-800 m3/s.

204. Salinity less than 1 g/l is considered as low salinity and 1 – 3 g/I as medium and water with salinity less than 3 g/l is considered acceptable for irrigation according to the MAWR classification. Other parameter values are also within acceptable limits. Therefore, the water quality is acceptable for irrigation purposes.

D.1.2 Issues/ Concerns Relative to Design

205. If the design of facilities is inadequate issues related to health and safety of the

pump house workers due to poor working conditions, unsafe working areas, structural instability, etc., in the pump stations may arise.

206. At present health and safety of workers at the pump station is at risk. Present staff

facilities are inadequate and were neglected in the original design. There do not appear to be any dedicated staff changing rooms, washrooms or toilets, staff having to use a small unsanitary pit toilet. In the pump station, there is a clear danger of exposure of personnel to electrocution from working in areas with poorly maintained high voltage electrical equipment that is used to drive the pump motors.

207. Inadequate designs may result in pollution of water by oil spilled in the pump

house. Currently, spilt machine lubricating oil is not separated and this is returned to the

Primary Canal whenever the pump station drainage pumps are switched on. Oil and water separators are required to be retrofitted to the pump stations.

208. The canal water is highly turbid with a dark greyish black colour resulting from the

acquisition of colloidal soil particles. Fine abrasive sand is also present and is

responsible for wearing the pump impellers. Also contained within the water and responsible for its dark colour are silt particles which continue on through the pumps and are delivered to the upper areas. Therefore reduction of sand at the pump intake by suitable options is important to ensure the pump life and irrigation capability.

209. Rising main if installed in salinized soils or water logged areas, their durability will

be reduced. Similarly negligence of required farm drainage to minimize deterioration of land productivity may reduce the project benefits and the sustainability. Also inadequate canal crossings may create problems,


31

210. The mechanical and electrical equipment in the pumping stations appears to

have been poorly maintained which is probably due to a combination of lack of training in maintenance procedures and lack of budget. Inability to maintain the equipment will shorten the life-span of them. Inadequate procurement requirements specified during the design may result in purchase of electrical and mechanical equipments without adequate training leading to poor O&M and threat to sustainability of the operations. Also equipments with prohibited PCB chemicals may be purchased.

211. Failure to Incorporate the EMP requirements in the bidding / contract documents

and requirement to follow the EMP by the Contractors will lead to inability to mitigate

environmental impacts during the construction period. Similarly, inadequate bidding documents without mention to evaluation based on Contractor‟s EMP as well as evaluation of contractors without due consideration to their EMP and previous experience with EMPs may result in selection of environmentally irresponsible contractor.

D.1.3 Project Alternatives

212. There are few alternatives to the rehabilitation of the pump stations and the ancillary support facilities. Unless the intake canal is deepened and widened, diversion of adequate river water is a problem during the vegetative phase with river flow regimes changed due to upstream hydro-power operations. The “zero alternative” of not carrying out the rehabilitation would be the progressive failure of the equipment and the structures until the system is unable to continue to supply water to the farmers. This would have a devastating social impact which would affect directly or indirectly the livelihoods of 24,442 residential population of the subproject. Also, deny the production from 17,100 ha.

213. The consequences of not carrying out the maintenance would create a major social disturbance as no expansion of irrigable areas is foreseen within other areas of the country. Therefore, the ability to resettle these farmers within existing irrigation areas would not be possible. The closure of the pump station would now mean that 126 Mil m3 of water would be available to the lower areas. This could be used to recreate another irrigation area or the water could be released as an environmental flow to assist in improving the environmental health of the River. Overall, the hydrological situation has been so changed that while downstream water quality and quantity may be slightly improved so that the redirection of this water would only create a minor improvement on the river hydrology.

214. impacts of the proposed subproject would be mainly beneficial. Consequent to rehabilitation, enhanced intake facilities, decreased incidence of operational failures and uninterrupted water supply will enable adequate irrigation and increased agricultural productivity. On completion of the proposed rehabilitation of the subproject, the entire command area of 17,100 ha could be irrigated enabling the rural agriculture based communities to benefit from increased crop yield and farm incomes.

215. The following options were considered for rehabilitation of the Dangara pumping station:

a) Rehabilitation of the existing building and intake structure; b) New building and intake structure; c) New building and intake structure, outside pumps and motors and extension of the

existing intake structure to the river side; d) Rehabilitation of only the existing building superstructure, outside pumps and motors,


32

and extension of existing intake structure to the river side; e) Rehabilitation of only the existing building superstructure, outside pumps and motors

and new intake structure at nearby place

216. Considering the detailed study carried out for structural stability and other governing site situations, the option of using the existing pump house superstructure with repair but to use outside pumps and motors and therefore extension of existing intake structure to the river side was agreed in the meeting with the regional specialists, PMO, PIU and the Consultants. Floor elevation of the intake structure will be lowered to facilitate suction of water to the pumps. This option has the following advantages when compared with other options:

Irrigation water supply during the construction period can be continued uninterrupted by providing a detour channel connecting the intake canal to the existing intake chamber located behind the rehabilitation site;

Superstructure of the existing building could be repaired to accommodate electrical equipment and control system, office, etc., (substructure of the building will not be rehabilitated but will be filled with sands);

construction of intake structure under the groundwater level will be easier compared to other options due to minimum depth of excavation required;

With the selected option, construction period will be shorter and construction cost will be the least among other options

217. As such, the issue of other options to optimize the benefits and minimize impacts and cost would not arise.

D.1.4 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Construction

218. Disruption of Irrigation Supplies. Construction work for rehabilitation of the pumping stations may take about 24 months while the canals and other related structures may take about 12 months. Although all the major activities are planned for the off-season during the winter, some work may demand extended periods beyond the winter. If such a scenario arises and such work is not carefully planned in coordination with water users, there will be disruptions to the water supply for grown crops. The worst scenario is if water supply to the entire subproject area is suspended by stopping all the pumps during the growing season (i.e. beyond the off season) for a substantial period. Similarly, repairs to the machine canal during summer limiting water issues downstream of sections under repair.

219. .In the case of Dangara subproject, even if all the existing pumps are stopped, the water supply could be continued through a detour by-passing the existing pumps from intake into the machine canal either though the installed new pumps (outside of the existing pump station) or using temporary pumping arrangements. Therefore, the significant impacts related to replacement of the pumps will not arise with respect to irrigation, if detour is implemented. Disruption of irrigation water supply below machine canal repair sections would arise only, if work is carried out during summer for a longer duration without bypass facilities for water.

220. Removal and disposal of debris will cause impacts unless it is well planned. At the pump station, removal of pumps and pump foundations will yield reinforced concrete waste. Some of the floor waste may be impregnated to various degrees with lubricating


33

oil. The old pumps, motors and electrical equipment will have a salvage value and will probably be re-used as spare parts for other pumping stations by the BISA. Hazards may result if electrical equipments like transformers, which include Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)35 are improperly disposed. Also replacement with equipments having PCB is prohibited under ADB loans and should not be allowed.

221. Rehabilitation of the canals will require the de-silting which may yield large amount of silt. The sections for de-siltation and volumes will be finalized during the detailed design by the turn key contractors. Similarly, deepening and widening of the intake canal and excavations for installing new pump will result in large volume of spoil. Repairs to the concrete lined canals will result in concrete waste. All of the waste will need to be disposed of to meet acceptable disposal practices if impacts are to be eliminated.

222. There are hardly any need for removal of trees for canal rehabilitation and if indiscriminate removal of trees along the canals and clearing of sites is practiced that may create adverse impacts.

223. Considering the type of work to be completed, construction plants of the project would include the following:

Works Construction plants of the project

Excavation, levelling and backfilling, etc.

Bull dozers, excavators, trucks for spoil/equipment transportation

Construction Concrete mixing plant, trucks for construction materials transportation

224. Exhaust gas emanating from the above automobiles (i.e. 2 bull dozers, 4 excavators, 8 trucks, and one Concrete mixing plant) can be estimated (based on emission model)36 as follows:

Gases Exhaust gas quantity (kg/day of running)

HCHO 0,6698 x 10-3

CO 58 x 10

3

CO2 5 x 10-3

NO2 2,9 x 10

-3

SO2 0,2 x 10-3

225. At these levels, emissions into the open air, where air quality is good (i.e. pollution index is low at 1.5 according to PNPC) , it is not likely to impact on the human

health when compared to latest update of WHO guidelines given table 14 below. Moreover, even if any localized temporary air quality problem, it is unlikely to impact

adversely on communities as all the work sites are remote from any human settlements.

35

Polychlorinated biphenyls are mixtures of man-made chemicals and due to their non-flammability, chemical stability, and high boiling point have

been used extensively as insulators. Polychlorinated biphenyls are highly stable, toxic and persistent chemicals. Their manufacture, processing and use have now been banned in many countries. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008: Available:

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/about.htm. 36

The values were estimated for the same combination of machines by Anycon Private Consulting Ltd for the Do Son Water Supply Project of Vietnam,

Feasibility Study 2008.

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/about.htm.


34

Table 14: WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines37

Averaging Period

Guideline value in mg/m3

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 24-hour 10 minute

125 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 20 (guideline) 500 (guideline)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1-year 1-hour

40 (guideline) 200 (guideline)

Particulate Matter PM10 1-year 24-hour

70 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3) 20 (guideline) 150 (Interim target-1) 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3) 50 (guideline)

Particulate Matter PM2.5 1-year 24-hour

35 (Interim target-1) 25 (Interim target-2) 15 (Interim target-3) 10 (guideline) 75 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 37.5 (Interim target-3) 25 (guideline)

Ozone 8-hour daily maximum

160 (Interim target-1) 100 (guideline)

226. Noise during construction stage is mainly generated from construction plants and trucks transporting construction materials to the sites and excavated materials for disposal.

Table 15: Expected rate of noise generated from traffic vehicles and plants used for

construction (dBA) is as follows38:

Types of vehicles and plants

Noise rate at locations which are 1m apart from the

source (dBA)

Expected rate of noise at locations which are

10m apart from the

source (dBA)

Expected rate of noise at locations

which are 20m apart from the source

(dBA)

approximate Average

Bull dozer 93,0 73,0 67,0

Grader 72,0 74,0 54,0 47,9

Excavator 72,0 – 84,0 78,0 58,0 52,0

Truck 82,0 – 94,0 88,0 68,0 62,0

Concrete mixer 75,0 – 88,0 81,5 61,5 55,4

37

World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.PM 24-hour value is the 99th percentile;; 2 Interim targets are provided

in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines. 38

The values were estimated for the machines by Anycon Private Consulting Ltd for the Do Son Water Supply Project of Vietnam, Feasibility Study 2008


35

General EHS guidelines by World Bank indicate the allowable limit in residential, institutional and educational areas at 55 dBA at day time (7.00 – 22.00 hr) 45 dBA at night (22.00 - 7.00 hr); in

commercial and industrial areas 70 dBA for day and night39

227. In the subproject area, there are no settlements within or close to the irrigation system. All work sites of the pump station, intake canal and machine canal are more than one kilometre from the nearest settlement. As such, noise, vibration and dust from construction activities are unlikely to cause any public nuisance due to remoteness of all the working sites (i.e. intake canal, pump house and the machine canal). However the workers can be affected by such impacts unless protective devices are provided to them. In the absence of other air polluting sources in the area, emissions from the limited number of equipments and vehicles are unlikely to impact on the ambient air quality. However, haulage of material may cause traffic problems in the roads if transportation during peak hours and in congested areas is not avoided in local roads.

228. Transportation of Material / Equipments. The type of material to be brought to the site from outside are cement, brick, configured steel, reinforcement steel, ready mix concrete, etc., which are readily available in the Namangan local market, where building material is a major industry. The equipment/machines to be used in the project would involve about 2 bull dozers, 4 excavators, 8 trucks, a concrete mixing plant, pumps and related equipments. These will be brought from Tashkent to Kokand city through the national highway and then from Kokand to the project site. Some of the machinery is available with WUAS and contractor may negotiate to hire them for construction work. Except the trucks, others machines and plants, have to be brought to the site once through Kokand and then taken away on completion of work.

229. There is a highway (main road) running from Kokand to Namangan and the access to the Dangara subproject is encountered at a distance of 20 km from Kokand on this highway (see Figure 10). Therefore transporting material and equipment both from Kokand and Namangan to the project through highway even with heavy loads in trailers is not going to create any additional impacts as such mode of transport is already in practice on this highway. This is because the Namangan is a major industrial area and the road is used for haulage of building material to other parts of the country.

230. The entire road infrastructure within the subproject, including the access of 5 km length from the Kokand- Namangan highway to the pump house, is fully dedicated for the Dangara irrigation project requirements. Within the subproject, the machine canal has its maintenance/supervision road. As the road network within the subproject is already available, there is no need for any access roads. Moreover, all the sites have existing facilities with ready access and the project is only a rehabilitation of existing facilities. Though the roads are not paved, the existing roads are capable of supporting the transport of material within the subproject. Borrow sites as well as disposal areas will be within the subproject area located in the remote (desert) area and transportation will be only within the subproject area. As such transport from borrow sites and to the disposal areas will not be a problem in the project area

231. Within the project area, movement of vehicles will not cause adverse effect due to the remoteness without any settlements close to the sites. The type of equipment to be carried along the canal supervision roads is passable along them. Even if some road

39

IFC WB 2009. Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines


36

sections are deteriorated, reformation of supervision road is a part of the contract work and therefore unlikely to impact on vehicle transportation.

Figure 10: Roads to access the subproject location

232. Quantity of domestic waste generated by construction workers can be estimated based on maximum number of workers during construction stage (about 100 workers). Estimated quantity of solid waste generated is about 50kg/day on the basis of 0.5kg/capita/day and with the assumption that workers are allowed to have meals on site. The workers will be concentrated at the pump house attending to the intake canal and pump house rehabilitation. Also some workers will attend to canal work depending on the place under repair at a given time. This quantity of solid waste is not much and could be collected and treated by the Contractor. Poorly managed sewage, wastewater, and solid (particularly organic) and hazardous wastes may generate odour that will be unpleasant and may pollute water bodies, if not properly disposed.

233. Storage and handling of materials including fuel and lubricants may pollute water resources and soil unless good practices are followed. During construction stage, oil may leak from maintenance of machines and vehicles. According to Technical specifications, quantity of oil disposed from construction machines is about 10 litters in each time of maintenance and this new oil will be replaced after 3-6 months. If there are 5 machines for construction, the quantity of disposed oil may be from 10-15 litter/month.


37

Disposed machine oil is considered as a toxic waste (code: A3020, Basel: Y8). If there is not a proper management regarding collection of used oil and its disposal, leaking oil may cause serious pollution to soil and groundwater in the construction sites. Work sites likely to impact mostly, if good practices are not followed are the pump station and the intake canal. The Storage of fuel and lubricants will be in an area designated by the CE close to the pump station as bare lands are available.

234. Most of materials needed for pump house facilities will be cement, sand, gravel, crushed rocks, brick, configured steel and reinforcement steel, ready mix concrete, etc., which are available in the local market and can be purchased from local suppliers. There will be no direct impacts due to resources extraction, particularly quarrying, if purchase from the licenced dealers because they operate with permits from relevant authorities. Moreover, large quantities of dumped earth material is available along the machine canal banks for construction purposes

235. If outside labour is brought to the site, there will be a need for labour camps and they may impact the environment if there is no proper disposal of waste and allow conflicts to develop with local communities. Also health hazards are likely if they are not provided with adequate health facilities and awareness on communicable diseases are neglected. However, need for the labour camps depend on the availability of local labour. In the region, unemployment is very high and requirements for labour camps may be much less than for 100 labourers. Already there is an existing labour camp near the pump house and that could be improved for this purpose. This site is about 10 km away from the nearest settlement area.

236. The rehabilitation impacts will be localised to the pumping station, intake canal, machine canals, new site of pump installation and associated structures. The impacts will be short term and are easily mitigated by addressing the EMP requirements. Rehabilitation works for the pumping stations will be carried out by contractors, while some of the cleaning and repair of the canals and water control structures would suit manual labour.

D.1.5 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Operation

237. During operation, including the defects liability period, the main issues will arise due to inadequate maintenance of the rehabilitated infrastructure; inability to ensure that worker health and safety requirements are maintained; and poor maintaining and monitoring of water quality.

238. Failure to ensure sustainable maintenance of rehabilitated infrastructure including the pump stations, the canals and drainage structures will not only reduce the irrigated area and crop yields but also the productivity of land. Unless the land productivity or the Bonitate value is increased, the expected benefits may not be realized in the long-term.

239. If oil and water separators are not well-maintained water quality will be impacted. If safe working conditions are not maintained, accidents and impacts on workers‟ health may result.

240. If sanitary facilities are not properly maintained for the workers in the pump house; waste management is not appropriate and general cleanliness of the pump house is neglected, then adverse impacts may result on the health of workers as well as on the environment.


38

241. Impacts on downstream water uses and violation of agreement regarding trans-national river water use in the Syrdarya River may result if the maximum water abstraction at the Dangara intake exceeds the design capacity of 10 m3/s. This is highly unlikely as the installed pump capacity could not exceed the design capacity as well as the irrigation canal system could not carry more than the designed discharge. Also no any expansion of irrigated area under the subproject is possible in future.

D.2 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts

242. In this IEE Report, the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans are provided and they consist of the following;

(i) the identification of impacts for each activity; (ii) the mitigation measures to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels; (iii) Mitigation measures recommended by the PNPC under GOU country

requirements; (iv) the monitoring measures to evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation

measures; (v) responsibilities for undertaking (a) the mitigation measure and (b) for

monitoring the implementation of the mitigation measure, and (vi) the cost of (a) the mitigation measure and (b) the cost of monitoring the

measure.

243. Activities and responsibilities are identified for the project phases of pre-construction, construction and operation. A matrix of the EMP is attached as Annex A. All of the measures would be well understood by Project Managers and competent contractors and would be considered as conforming to Best Practices in Construction and Workplace Health and Safety.

D.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Designs

244. The pre-construction phase provides the only opportunity to re-evaluate the original EMP and plan its implementation. This includes the checking of the design requirements that have been allocated to the Design Engineers and ensuring that the EMP conditions are transferred to the bid and contract documents. The Safeguards Officer of the PMU with the guidance of the Environmental Specialists will arrange to transfer those activities which are the responsibility of the Design Engineer to a Design Brief. During pre-construction the safeguard officer will extract the EMP construction activities and arrange to include these activities into the bid and contract requirements. The Design Engineer will be responsible for including these requirements in the redesign of the pump station and other facilities. It will be the Project Manager‟s responsibility to ensure that the capital cost is carried into the overall subproject budget.

245. In case of trans-national rivers of Central Asia, water is shared according to an interstate agreement that was formulated by the five Central Asian states in 1992. This includes two organizations the Syrdarya Basin Water Organisation and the Ambudharya Basin Water Organisation that determine each basins allocations. The Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia (ICWCCA) is the coordinating body. Therefore, the concurrence of this committee should be secured for the proposed augmentation of water supply from the Syrdarya River in order to eliminate potential conflicts of water use. However, the proposed rehabilitation would not exceed the already allocated diversion as originally designed capacity will not be increased.


39

246. Incorporation of Health and Safety Requirements. Basic staff facilities need to be provided at the pump station, including; a staff changing area, a place to take meals and relax, washrooms, proper toilets (water-seal toilets with cess pits covered with concrete) and satisfactory fire protection measures.

247. Mitigation to eliminate risk of electrocution at the pump house should include raised walkways to lift the workers above floor, improvement to the drainage pumps and provision of electrical equipment that is designed to operate in damp environments. It would be a requirement that:

(i) The Design Engineer improves the drainage system and design a raised walkway system together with safety railings and provide safety guards to all exposed equipment; Also, satisfactory ventilation and lighting inside the pump-house must be provided with adequate facilities.

(ii) An electrical engineer will need to redesign an electrical system that meets internationally acceptable safety standards for high voltage pump stations which would include the provision of electrical grounding and fused circuit breakers. Protection relays will be required, including earth (grounding) protection to shut off the power supply in case of short circuit or earth fault. All of these measures will eliminate danger of electrocution. Procurement specifications will include these requirements and the cost of supplying these measures will be incorporated within the cost of the supplied equipment.

248. Development of a Worker Safety Plan. Considering the risks associated with working in the pump houses. a Worker Safety Plan (WSP) needs to be developed and implemented. The safeguard officer together with the design engineer will be responsible for developing the Worker Safety Plan (WSP). The WSP will need to be compliant with the Uzbekistan Labour Code.

249. Provision of oil and water separators if water in the primary canal is likely to carry more than 0.5 mg/l and procedures developed for their maintenance will be the Design Engineer‟s responsibility. In such a case, it is required to ensure that the oil and water separators are included in the redesign of pump stations.

250. Adherence to Construction Norms and Regulations. The project area is in a seismic zone categorized 7 on Richter Scale and Design for anti-seismic activities in accordance with construction Norms and Regulations (CNR) 2.01.03-96 “Civil Works within the seismic areas” must be followed. Also design according to CNR 2.01.03-96 and 3.04.02-97 “Corrosion Protection of buildings” to prevent effects on the quality of ground water should be considered.

251. Reduction of sand at pump intakes. Entering of fine particles into pumps lead to wearing with abrasive effects and thereby reduced life time of pumps. Therefore settlement of sediments before pumping by using appropriate devices such as effective sediment basins and/or developing flow conditions for sedimentation velocities along adequate canal stretches to minimize the sand inflow into pumps will have to be incorporated into the designs.

252. Protection of rising mains in salinized areas and water logged areas. In salinized soils and high water table areas, buried rising mains are easily corroded reducing their life time and project sustainability. In such areas laying of rising mains on the ground and/or protection with protective coatings will have to be considered.

253. Provision of canal crossings. There are several canal crossings that have been


40

created across the canal. Some of these need to be repaired and if there is any need for additional ones, during pre-construction the locations of such crossings need to be determined with the WUAs. The safeguard officer is to arrange meetings with WUAs to determine the locations and formalize the crossings with the WUAs. The design engineer is to incorporate the requirements for crossings in the pre-construction work program so that this is included as an item in the bid specifications. The safeguard officer is to monitor the program.

254. Procurement Requirements. It is recommended that at the time of procurement the bid includes the cost of a training program for both the mechanical and electrical equipment. The training program should be repeated at least yearly until it is shown that the maintenance staff is thoroughly familiar with essential maintenance and repair procedures.

255. No switching equipment will be supplied with PCBs. Manufacture of PCBs is now banned under the Stockholm Convention. In accordance with the ban, the ADB will not approve the purchase of any equipment that contains PCBs or any of the other persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The project manager and design engineer will be responsible for the inclusions of these requirements in the procurement specifications.

256. Incorporation of EMP conditions in the Bid and Contract Documents. Experience shows that sometimes inadequate application of the EMP may occur due to weak linkages with the contract document. The EMP is a part of the work program and as such it must be addressed by the contractor and carried out as required. If the EMP is not satisfactorily addressed then subproject sustainability will suffer or in this case unsafe health and working conditions will result. This is mitigated by ensuring that the EMP is attached to the Bid Documents as a condition of the bid and to the Contract as a requirement of the contract. The design engineer and project manager will ensure that the EMP is attached as a condition of the bid and then again as a requirement of the contract.

257. Selection of contractor. The contractor will be required to provide a short statement of the following to support his bid:

(i) that the EMP conditions have been costed into the bid price; (ii) prior experience in working with an EMP; (iii) the person/s responsible in the contractor‟s team for meeting the

environmental compliance requirements of the EMP have been included;

258. During bid evaluation above strengths will be evaluated in the selection of the contractor. Should the contractor not provide these details, the bid is judged to be non-compliant with the bid requirements and the bid rejected. The project manager and safeguard officer are to be members of the bid evaluation panel. The safeguard officer will provide an assessment of the contractor‟s environmental capability.

259. Incorporation of Fish Screens.. While the pump intakes are provided with trash racks to exclude floating debris it will not be practical to fit fish screens to the pump intakes as these being located on the suction side of the pump have the potential to create a vacuum which will develop cavitation and wear the pumps. Any screens fitted in such a situation will shorten the pump life. While the use of pumps without screens may drag fish into the pumps it is not possible to effectively mitigate this loss. Since there are hardly any fish in the intake canal any loss will be minor.


41

D.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction

260. The contractor may only commence work after (i) the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (SEE or Gosecoexpert isa ) has approved the IEA40 and issued the consent to commence work. This approval has already been granted and a copy of certificate with English translation is given in Annex-C; and (ii) the ADB have sited the above consent and have also approved the IEE.

261. Several contractors and sub-contractors may be involved in the work. The EMP will apply equally to all subcontractors and it will be the main contractor‟s responsibility to ensure that all subcontractors abide by the EMP. The CE will ensure that all contractors are issued with a copy of the EMP conditions.

262. The following Construction related activities/ issues have to be dealt with during the construction phase:

(i) Public awareness; (ii) Induction of contractor to site; (iii) Removal of trees along the canal, if required, and clearing of sites; (iv) Loss of livelihood caused by the rehabilitation of the pumping stations and

canals; (v) Excavation; (vi) Removal and disposal of debris; (vii) Storage and handling of materials including fuel, lubricants and equipments; (viii) Transport of machinery, equipments and material; (ix) Rehabilitation of access roads; (x) Noise from construction activities; (xi) Dust; (xii) Worker health and safety; (xiii) Solid and liquid waste management; (xiv) Rehabilitation and closing of construction sites;

263. Rehabilitation of the pumping stations may take 24 months while the canals and associated structures may take 12 months. Work will need to be carefully planned so that disruption to the irrigation water supply is minimised. Warnings will need to be provided to the farmers about the work to be undertaken and particularly if there will be some disruptions to the water supply during the crop season.

264. The contractor will have initial responsibility for the supervision and monitoring of construction activities and will use the EMP as the reference for establishing these conditions. Accordingly the EMP addresses the situation as if contractors are being employed for the majority of the work.

265. The overall responsibility for the completion of the work and direction of the contractor to meet the EMP requirements will be the responsibility of the Construction Engineer (of the Project Management Consultants) supported by the Monitoring Engineer (of the PMO). They will be supported by the Safeguards Officer. The contractor will have his own representative on site – the Site Engineer (SE) who will be responsible for implementing the contract and complying with the EMP.

266. Public Awareness. The rehabilitation of the pump station and water distribution facilities has the potential to cause disruption to the irrigation water supply, if major works

40

The IEE will need to be translated into Russian and reformatted to meet the SEE requirements for a IEA report of

Category 3 projects under GoU regulations This will be arranged by the Environmental Specialists with the PMO.


42

are extended into the summer months of the growing season, i.e. beyond the scheduled periods during the off-season. While farmers have been advised of the subproject during the initial public consultation a secondary round of public consultation needs to be undertaken prior to construction commencing so that farmers may be advised of the work schedule and how it may affect them. Secondary consultation needs to be arranged as early as possible after mobilization of the contractors so that farmers are aware of the work and may make informed decisions as to how the work may affect their farming operations. Once the construction schedule and plan of operations has been prepared and before the contractor moves to site, the subproject will need to arrange the public awareness program with the farmers to advise them of the works schedule. Farmers will require adequate notice before any planting season so that if there is likelihood of reduced crop areas they can act accordingly and adjust the purchase of inputs and supply quotas to reflect these changes. Organizing the awareness program will be the responsibility of the project manager and EMU. The costs of meeting the awareness program will be taken from the PMO budget.

267. Induction of contractor to site. Following the selection of the contractor and approvals from PNPC and ADB, the contractor the contractor‟s Site Engineer and person responsible for supervising the CEMP are to attend a meeting at the site. At this meeting the EMP conditions will be outlined to the contractor so that there would be no confusion as to the requirements of complying with the EMP. After the contractor is clear about complying with the EMP requirements, the safeguard officer will advise the CE that the contractor can now commence work.

268. Removal of trees along the canal/ work sites. Where trees are required to be removed the National Protection Committee (Fergana office)/ relevant Hokimiyat will need to approve the removal of the trees. The contractor will be responsible for advising the CE where trees are to be removed. The safeguard officer will arrange for the NPC to visit the site and approve the removal of the trees. Following any removal of trees, the contractor will arrange for new trees to be replanted. If the work is being done outside normal tree establishment times the contractor will inform the CE. When conditions are suitable the contractor will arrange to return to the area and complete the tree planting program. The contractor is to provide a guarantee to the BISA to maintain the trees for the first two years. The BISA will be entitled to withhold payments to the contractor until the trees are properly established.

269. Disruption to Irrigation supply caused by the rehabilitation of the pumping stations and canals. It is planned to carry out all the major rehabilitation activities during the non-pumping season that coincides with the winter months. It is unlikely that all of the rehabilitation could be carried out during the off season. Work inside the pump stations should be scheduled during this time but outside work and especially work in the canals may be seasonally challenging to complete within the off season. Since farmers are dependent on the water and have quotas to meet, such work within summer will have to be carefully planned to avoid affecting water supplies adversely.

270. If any canal section is likely to be out of action for an unreasonable time alternative by-pass structures will need to be constructed so that water continues to be carried to the downstream of the canal to minimise the loss of supply and the effect that this will have on production. In case of the Dangara subproject, during the installation of the new pumps and renovation of the old pump house, the iirrigation water supply can be continued by providing a detour channel connecting the intake canal to the existing intake chamber behind the rehabilitation site. The contractor and the CE will be responsible for meeting these requirements to minimize adverse impacts on crop due to disruption of irrigation water supply.


43

271. Excavation of sites and opening of borrow pits. Canal repairs will require material to be excavated or brought in to the site for the following activities; raise the height of the canal support embankments, improve inspection roads; and sediment removal from the canals. Additionally the supply pipeline will need to be excavated as well deepening and widening of intake canal and excavations for pump installations and new intake structures. Such work will yield earthen material.

272. Material will be required for the canal embankment support, filling the basement of the old pump house and road improvements. It is recommended that this requirements be met from the material excavated for rehabilitation work and if inadequate to excavate from the large deposits that already exist alongside the canals and along the inspection road. This would improve the area‟s aesthetics, accessibility along the inspection road and surface drainage. Otherwise borrow pits will need to be opened. Approval of borrow pit areas will be made by the CE and safeguard officer and will meet any SEE requirements. Any borrow pits that have been opened must be closed on the completion of work, which includes rehabilitation of the area to landscape the site and ensure that the area drainage pattern is not impeded. The site is not to be left in an erodible condition.

273. Where the rising main is to be excavated all excavated materials are to be stockpiled alongside the excavated trench and replaced after the new/rehabilitated pipelines have been laid. The contractor will be required to rehabilitate and landscape the area, and ensure that the area drains correctly. Some excavation will be required at the pump house intake area which will yield material. This material will be removed, stockpiled and replaced after the suction pipes have been laid. Similarly, material from excavations in the intake canal. New pump installations, etc., must be reused and the excess from all the sites must be disposed safely. The contractor and the CE will be responsible for meeting these requirements. For any quarrying of fine and coarse material, approvals should be obtained from the PNPC and the Ministry of Geology. The Contractor will ensure that approvals are obtained for opening any borrow -pits.

274. Removal and disposal of debris. Concrete together with steel reinforcing material that is removed from the pumping stations and canals will need to be disposed of in suitable areas. Material that has been removed should not be discarded and left lying around. Concrete can be reused after crushing for formation of the supervision roads, as packing material for erosion control, etc. Any re-use of concrete blocks will need to be considered from the point of view of cost of transport to the area and the quality of the concrete. Otherwise any concrete and reinforcing waste that is low quality and has no obvious potential for re-use during rehabilitation will need to be disposed following the recommendations of the CE and Safeguard Officer.

275. The environmental clearance from the PNPC insists on the re-use and recycling of waste considering various categories of waste and that must be adhered to. Any old discharge pipe which needs to be disposed of will have a scrap value and after removal the old pipes can be taken away and sold for scrap value. If the old pumps have no salvage value as spare parts these will need to be disposed of to scrap metal dealers. The factories melting iron for manufacture of utensils, especially knives and agricultural equipments, have a demand for scrap metal in Fergana. Similarly, there is a market for old electrical wiring and fittings. However, anything that cannot be recycled will need to be taken to a landfill and buried. BISA will need to advise on what their intentions are with regard to the disposal of large items such as the pipes and pumps. These are not to be left lying around and will need to be removed from the site. If BISA do not want to reclaim these materials then the contractor is to arrange for the removal and disposal of all items that have a scrap value.


44

276. If BISA is to store any of the dismantles parts of the pumps or pipes, they must be stored under conditions similar to that recommended for storage of other material, i.e. on a raised platform with protection from rains and contact with storm runoff, etc., also without impairing the aesthetics of the area.

277. It will be a requirement that during removal of electrical equipment the contractor will be required to determine whether PCBs are included in any of the equipment (e.g. transformers). If this is the case then the PCB affected equipment will need to be disposed of to meet SEE requirements. In fact, the Uzbekistan has developed “Sanitary Norms and Rules”, under which all types of waste including hazardous waste is classified. PNPC will advise the required method of disposal for such categories of waste. Contractor must consult the PNPC through SO and CE to obtain their recommendation of disposal for various categories of waste and employ the companies registered for handling such waste in Uzbekistan (such licenced companies are already in operation the Fergana region, where industrial waste is an issue) to dispose them.

278. Landfill sites to dispose of materials will need to be located and prepared. Sites should be located outside the irrigated areas and above the water table. Though the lands belong to the government, approval should be sought. The site will need to be prepared by removing the topsoil which should be put to one side and the pit excavated. After dumping is completed the debris in the pit is compacted, earth re-spread and then top soil replaced, the site landscaped and the area allowed to re-vegetate.

279. Landfill sites can be identified by the contractor but in all cases the safeguard officer and CE will need to approve all landfill sites and ensure that these are compliant with SEE requirements. The Contractor will be responsible for obtaining approvals from the hokimiyat (local government) for opening any landfill sites. Approvals are to be sited by the CE and safeguard officer before the contractor opens any landfill sites.

280. Storage and handling of materials including fuel and lubricants. The canal repairs require concrete which will probably be mixed by hand on site. The pump station will also require concrete for rebuilding the pump supports, repaving the concrete floor and carrying out other repairs to the building. Therefore, construction materials that will be brought to site include sand, gravel and cement for concrete manufacture, reinforcing rods and steel mesh, wood and other construction materials, paint and thinners, fuel and lubricants. Areas will need to be prepared for storing these materials.

281. Fuel and oil will need to be stored in dedicated areas at least 20 m away from a water course. Where more than 5000 litres of fuel is stored on site, the fuel must be stored in sealed tanks that are provided with a concrete base that is bunded to hold 110% of the tank capacity. Vehicles and machinery are not to be refuelled near the canals. The contractor must have trained his personnel in correct fuel handling procedures and techniques for cleaning up accidental spills. All waste oil, oil and fuel filters are to be collected and disposed of to meet best industry practices. At the closure of the site all contaminated soil is to be excavated, removed and replaced with fresh topsoil. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard office.

282. Storage of material and equipments must also be in safe locations at least 20 m away from water sources or any other sensitive areas. In storage of other material/ equipment, adequate precautions must be taken to avoid any leaking of oil or other contaminants, contamination of storm runoff, etc. Also in case of material which are likely to impair air quality or subject to wind blowing, such material should be stored under cover. Not only the storage areas should be above the ground elevation but should not


45

impede the local drainage pattern. Accidental spill handling action (contingency) plans must be in place with the contractor. On completion of work, all such sites should be cleaned and top soil should be removed and properly disposed, if it is likely to have been contaminated.

283. Transportation of material and equipments Movement of trucks to carry material from Kokand or Namangan cities will be through a low-traffic density highway to the project area. Transport within the project will be to the borrow areas and disposal sites through the roads dedicated for the Dangara irrigation project. Only if contractor‟s machinery or haul vehicles carrying material have to pass through other local roads with residences located beside unpaved roads dust may become a nuisance to roadside dwellers. However, adequate precautions are recommended for transport of material/equipment to eliminate any potential adverse impacts due to transport such as dust, traffic congestion, air pollution, etc.

284. If contractor‟s vehicles are likely to cause any congestion to local traffic flow and block to public roads, Contractor shall select routes for their trucks based on the truck load; divide the load to prevent damages to local roads and bridges; also shall be responsible for damages to local roads and bridges. All the vehicles shall observe the speed limits, maintain in the good condition and always transport material under cover. Contractor shall avoid peak hours in roads with moderate to high traffic.

285. Noise from construction activities. The project sites are one kilometre far from the nearest settlement houses and therefore noise generating equipments like jack hammers used to break up concrete will not be a serious inconvenience to people separated by long distance. However, noise will be a particular issue for workers who may be operating this equipment. Workers and operators of noisy equipment shall be provided with ear protection while noise suppressors on construction equipment are to be maintained to the manufacturer‟s specifications. These activities will be the contractor‟s responsibility. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

286. Dust. Excavation and construction work may create dusty conditions in (i) the workplace from construction operations and (ii) when contractor‟s machinery or haul vehicles carrying material have to pass residences that are located beside unpaved roads. Since there are no houses located within the irrigated area, the overall impact will be minor but the application of best construction practices (BCP) by the contractor will control any problem. When the contractor‟s work aggravates dusty working conditions the contractor will need to control dust by spraying water on the dust sources, particularly in susceptible areas. The contractor will also be required to maintain a record of dust control spraying. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

287. Worker Health and Safety. The contractor will be required to provide a safe working environment, protective equipment, a person trained in first-aid and a fully supplied first-aid kit. The contractor will be required to induct all workers to the construction area with a briefing session on workplace hazards and worker safety. A contingency plan must be developed by the contractor for handling major emergencies. The contractor is to keep a record of accidents and time lost from accidents.

288. The contractor will be required to identify work place hazards. The CE, assisted by the safeguard officer will be responsible for ensuring that the contractor has adequately identified the workplace risks and developed a plan to cope with any emergencies including oil spill, fire, etc. The contractor‟s accident record will form part of


46

the contractor‟s monthly report to the PMO.

289. Solid and liquid waste management. Solid and liquid waste will be generated from the construction sites, e.g. metal and timber off-cuts, waste timber formwork, unused gravel and sand deposits and concrete waste, etc. Solid waste can be disposed of at approved dump sites identified. If worker facilities are constructed the contractor will need to provide facilities to collect wastes. Such solid waste must be collected in containers with lids for temporary storage and disposed to safe disposal sites at weekly intervals. Wastewater and sewage must be drained into temporary septic tanks dug in areas unlikely to contaminate the groundwater. They must be filled with soil and rehabilitate the area on completion of work. The disposal of solid waste must be in an acceptable place that will be approved by the safeguard officer and CE in agreement with PNPC recommendations. No waste is to be dumped in the canals or intake areas near the river. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer. However, it is important that all waste is disposed according to the recommendations of the District Sanitary Epidemic Station.

290. Rehabilitation and closing of construction sites. The contractor will be responsible for cleaning up and disposing of all waste materials and rehabilitating (landscaping) all construction sites and work areas so that these can be returned as close as possible to their previous use. This includes the stabilization and landscaping of all of the construction sites. Any borrow pits that were operated by the contractor are to be reshaped and closed. Any contaminated soil must be removed from fuel and oil storage areas. All old pipes are to be removed. None of the old equipment that has been removed during the refurbishment is to be left at the site. Payment will be withheld from the contractor until all of the sites are satisfactorily cleaned, all old materials removed and the sites satisfactorily rehabilitated. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

D.2.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation

291. During operation, including the defects liability period, the main issues will be: (i) maintenance of the rehabilitated infrastructure, (ii) ensuring worker health and safety requirements and (iii) maintaining and monitoring of water quality and land productivity.

292. The implementation of the O&M procedures of the pumps will be the responsibility of the Sokh-Syrdarya BISA Chief Engineer responsible for pump stations. Maintaining canals is a responsibility of the Canal Administration Division of BISA. Land productivity is to be improved by the farmers but with supervision of the Irrigation Area Administration Division of BISA, and the Department of Agriculture. Monitoring of all these mitigation measures will be the responsibility of MAWR

293. Both the mechanical and electrical equipment in the pump stations have in the past been poorly maintained probably due to a combination of lack of training in maintenance procedures and lack of adequate budget. Included in the pre-construction EMP activities, as a procurement requirement, the pumps and electrical equipment are to be supplied with their own maintenance training programs. A record of training programs is to be kept by the Pump Station Manager which shows the type of training carried out, the number of people trained, their position and the length of training. The Pump Station Manager is to send a summary of the training records to the Chief Operations Manager of BISA every year.


47

294. The pump operators will also be required to maintain the oil and water separators to ensure that all waste oil that may have entered the pump house drainage system is removed before it is pumped back to the Primary Canal. If the oil cannot be recycled then it is to be disposed of in an approved earth fill. The Pump Station Manager is to ensure that the oil separator is adequately maintained and that staff are familiar with its cleaning and operation. BISA will verify that the oil separators are being properly maintained and that staff are familiar with these requirements.

295. Maintenance of the canals and drainage structures will be required to meet both water supply and environmental considerations. Canals will require periodic de-silting to ensure that the channel capacity is maintained. The current practice is to remove the material and dump it directly beside the canal or drainage channel, whereby as it erodes it is able to fall back into the canal or drain. Care needs to be taken in the placement of the material so that it is not carried back into the structure. A small level berm 1-2 m wide should be provided at the top of the canal/drain and excavated material can be dumped behind this. Care needs to be taken to ensure that excavated material does not impede surface drainage or the accessibility through the inspection road.

296. BISA responsibilities include: (i) arrange with the suppliers of the mechanical and electrical equipment the implementation of the training programs that are included in the procurement package. (ii) evaluate the impact that the maintenance training programs are having on maintaining the reliability of the mechanical and electrical equipment. (iii) arrange a regular canal and drainage channel maintenance program. (iv) provide sufficient budget to meet regular maintenance requirements for the pump stations and canal works.

297. Based on the field trip observations, worker safety conditions have been neglected. The present work area includes a dangerous mix of unsafe electrical equipment and unhealthy working conditions. These practices/ conditions need to be improved so as to meet basic Uzbekistan labour standards. A Worker Safety Plan has been included as an EMP activity in the pre-construction phase. This will eed to be implemented and monitored during operation. A record of accidents is to be maintained by the Pump Station Manager. The BISA pump house management will be responsible for implementing the program. Every month the Pump Station Manager is to send a copy of the Accident Record Report to the Chief Operations manager of the BISA.

298. During the operation period, sanitary conditions of the pump house and cleanliness must be properly maintained. The cesspits must be periodically empties as required. A dedicated warehouse must be maintained for storage of waste such as mercury pollutants (luminescent lamps) for recycling (de-mercerization) at the special enterprises. Waste must be disposed according to the recommendations of the District Sanitary Epidemic Station either to the regional dump yards, for recycling or reuse.

299. The average weighted soil fertility index value under the present conditions is 59 showing that the fertility has been lowered by 15-25%. A package of agricultural and land reclamation (amelioration) measures are needed to increase fertility index. As a result the average weighted Bonitate value will increase to 70 -80. Once irrigation water supply becomes reliable, introduction of crop rotation including green manure, advanced agricultural practices such as mineral fertilizers applied in a timely fashion, use of improved seed varieties, etc., should be promoted by the MAWR.

300. In order to avoid conflicts with downstream water users and violation of norms agreed for trans-national waters, it is important to maintain the water abstraction at designed capacities. The installed total pump capacity of 10 m3/s should not be


48

exceeded. Maintenance of the irrigation efficiency at satisfactory levels and no further expansion of the command area must be ensured during the operation period to avoid any extra demand.

E. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

E.1 Laws and Institutional Roles of GOU

301. The Law on Nature Protection was enabled in 1992 which outlines the legal and institutional requirements for the conservation of the environment and the rational use of natural resources. The law empowers the State Committee for Nature Protection, viz. Goskompriroda, as the agency responsible for implementing the law.

302. The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection, Goskompriroda, was formed in 1988. Goskompriroda is a super-departmental coordinating body and is headed by a Chairman appointed by the Oliy Majlis (i.e. the Parliament). Goskompriroda has a wide scope of activities including assessing and monitoring the environmental resources of the nation, establishing environmental quality standards and monitoring pollution levels of agricultural and industrial production systems, establishment of protected areas and the protection of ecological resources. The basic divisions are available to attend to such functions in the Natural Protection Committee. Environmental assessment is the responsibility of the Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e., Glavgosecoexpertisa) a directorate of Goskompriroda.

303. Guidelines for preparation of the environmental assessment reports and approval (or rejection) of projects on environmental grounds (revealed in the environmental assessment reports) is regulated by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers No 491.31.12.2001 on the approval according to the regulations of the State Environmental Expertise. The Regulations stipulates 4 categories of projects as follows:

Category 1 - high risk projects; Category 2 – moderate risk projects; Category 3 – low risk projects; and Category 4 – Local impact projects

304. Category -1 and category -2 projects are approved by the Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Glavgosecoexpertisa) at the national level, whereas category -3 and category -4 projects are approved by the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa).

305. Categorization is based on the scale of the proposed activities of the project and the significance of the potential environmental impacts. The scale of the proposed

activities considered for different activities are clearly specified41

. The subprojects fall

under the category - 3 because water projects covering long-distance channel with

41

Addition No 152 of 5th June 2009 to the List of activity from specified in the Enclosure №2 to Resolution of Cabinet of

Ministry December 31, 2001 № 491


49

capacity less than 100 m3/s and manifold with capacity less than 20 m3/s are categorized under category- 3.

306. Category -3 projects needs submission of Initial Environmental Assessment (IEA) report to the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa) for approval. On submission of this report (in Russian Language). They may request for further information regarding the Environmental Consequences Assessment as well as Specific Norms for Maximum Allowable Pollution Levels [computed based on the country‟s Sanitary Regulations and Norms]. After satisfactory compliance to these requirements, the Gosecoexpertisa will issue the approval of subproject with their conditions if required. This clearance has already been issued for the Dangara Subproject by the Gosecoexpertisa (see Annex-C). The State Inspection of Analytic Control (GosIAK), a division within State Natural Protection Committee, has all abilities for conducting monitoring. The Departments of GosIAK exist also in the Provencal Nature Protection Committee and they would be responsible for monitoring the project under GOU requirements.

307. The Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR) is the national institution responsible for irrigation and drainage with offices at central, provincial (12) and district level. Since 2003 water management is now based on natural irrigation boundaries with the formation of basin authorities called Basin Irrigation System Administration (BISA). BISAs are contained within the MAWR structure as semi-autonomous organisations. There are 10 BISA organisations and each BISA is further subdivided into (i) canal Administration which looks after the canal systems and (ii) irrigation system administration (ISA) that look after the irrigation areas. The subproject is situated in the Sokh-Syrdarya BISA, which consists of 1 main canal authority and 8 irrigation system organisations.

308. In 1992, the government issued a decree that formed water user associations (WUA). The decree states that I&D infrastructure of the former shirkat becomes the property of the WUA with the inter-farm I&D infrastructure being transferred to the MAWR. The establishment of WUAs to take responsibility for on-farm water management is a critical component of the institutional reforms and reorganisation within the water sector; however, not all WUAs have been fully established due to incomplete legal and regulatory framework.

309. At present, the Republic of Uzbekistan is signatory to the following international conventions and the project activities should not violate any of the condition agreed in the conventions:

(1) Convention on Long-Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution (Geneva, 1979); (2) Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna, 1985); (3) Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal,

1987); (4) Convention on the Control of Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their

Disposal (Basel, 1989); (5) Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in Trans-boundary Context

(Espoo, 1991); (6) Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans-boundary Water Courses and

International Lakes (Helsinki, 1992); (7) Convention on the Trans-boundary Effects of Industrial Accidents (Helsinki,

1992). (8) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (New York, 1992); (9) Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992);


50

(10) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (June 17, 1994)

(11) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITEC, Washington, 1997),

(12) Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Water birds (1995), signed in the Hague in the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn, 1998)

(13) Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 2001);

E.2 Responsibilities of Implementing EMP

310. The following organizations will have roles in implementing the IEE and EMP. The Provincial Nature Protection Committee of Fergana (PNPC) will request the PSEE to (i) form a committee to review the IEE (the subproject is already cleared by PSEE); and (ii) before construction commences, the PNPC will be requested to approve any tree clearance, if such removal is required along the canals. Regarding the item (i), the clearance for the project has already been granted (see Annex- C)

311. The MAWR has already formed the Project Management Office (PMO) headed by a Project Manager. The PMO has started to establish an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) which include a Safeguards Officer supported by a National Environmental Specialist (NES) and an internationally recruited Environmental Specialist (IES). The EMU has started work with the recently awarded two core subprojects and the staff was briefly trained by the IES. As the EMU is not-experienced, further training and guidance would be required to effectively implement the EMP. With completion of IEE reports, the IES would terminate his service and alternate arrangements would be needed for further training and guidance of the EMU Staff including the CEs if EMP is to be implemented effectively.

312. During pre-construction (detailed design by contractor), the Design Engineer will work in conjunction with the EMU staff to implement the pre-construction issues of the EMP. During construction the safeguard officer will assist the Construction Engineer (CE) in the implementation of the EMP. As there will be several subprojects being undertaken simultaneously in different locations the safeguard officer will be assisted by the NES.

313. The MAWR and BISA - Sokh-Syrdarya will be responsible for advertising the contract. Prior to the contract being advertised the EMP is to be attached to the Bid Documents and noted as a requirement in the Conditions of the Contract that states that the EMP is to be addressed by the organization submitting the bid. BISA will be responsible for attaching the EMP to the Bid Document and including the following instruction to bidders in the Conditions of Contract. “The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is attached as a Condition of Contract. The organization submitting the bid must address the following and include this in the bid: (i) include the costs of the environmental management works in the bid and sign a declaration that the bid includes the costs of meeting the EMP requirements (ii) outline previous experience in working with a EMP and (iii) identify the person within the contractor’s team who will be responsible for implementing the EMP conditions”.

314. At the time of Bid Evaluation, the MAWR and the BISA will form a bid evaluation panel. The safeguard officer is to be included in the panel to evaluate the bids with regard to the competence of the contractor‟s environmental capabilities.


51

Responsibilities of the PMO

315. In addition to the Consultants Construction Engineer responsible for EMP implementation, the PMO will appoint a Monitoring Engineer to supervise the contractor‟s work in the subproject. As part of the CE‟s duties the CE will be required to supervise the implementation of the construction EMP. The CE will be responsible for ensuring that every contractor is given a copy of the EMP and for ensuring that no contractor commences work until the EMP has been explained with the contractor by the EMU. Only after the contractor has completed this site induction meeting with the EMU. The safeguard officer will advise the Construction Engineer (CE is the contract supervision Engineer of Project Management Consultants) when the safeguard officer is confident that the contractor can comply with the EMP and he can now commence work. The CE will monitor the contractor‟s compliance with the EMP and the CE will be assisted in this role by the safeguard officer. The safeguard officer will review the application of the CEMP by the contractor and will advise the CE of any deficiencies to be remedied by the contractor. However, there is a need to train and guide the newly recruited staff for the recently commenced core-subprojects, if all the expected functions of the EMU are to be achieved and continue for the non-core subprojects. The Project Management Consultants will attach the following condition to the CE‟s Terms of Reference. “The Construction Engineer (CE) will be responsible for supervising the implementation of the CEMP. The CE will be assisted by the safeguard officer. The CE will be responsible for conveying any instructions from the safeguard officer to the contractor”.

316. The EMU will have the following responsibilities which are required to meet the conditions stipulated in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARP) Report.

(i) Ensure that the EMP‟s required mitigation measures to be incorporated during pre-construction are addressed by the Design Engineer within the PMO;

(ii) Using the EMP arrange for the construction stage mitigation measures to be extracted from the EMP and attached to the bid document for subproject;

(iii) For subproject ensure that the EMP mitigation measures are included in the bidding document for costing by the contractor and that all necessary regulatory clearances (particularly the PSEE environmental consent approvals) will be obtained before commencing any civil work on the subproject;

(iv) For subproject evaluate the environmental costing and experience of contractors that are provided by the contractors and recommend to the bid evaluation committee the suitability of contractors to comply with the EMP;

(v) Using an on-site induction process ensure that contractors understand the EMP and appreciate their compliance responsibilities to mitigate environmental problems associated with their construction activities;

(vi) Following the acceptance and acknowledgment of the EMP by the contractor advise the site engineer that the contractor is now cleared to commence work;

(vii) Together with the site engineer ensure that during construction the EMP is properly implemented;

(viii) Prior to any payment being made to the contractor the EMU will be required to sign off on the completion of the work to meet the EMP conditions; and

(ix) Prepare annual Environmental Monitoring Report and ensure that the project quarterly report include the progress on implementing EMP or other progress related with environmental conditions as describe in the loan document (Project and loan agreement);

(x) Ensure at least once a year joint monitoring of the project activities will be


52

carried out with the relevant PNPC‟s chief of district inspection responsible for project monitoring42

317. Should any change in scope of the project occur, the safeguard officer will be required to evaluate the changes and the effects on the existing environmental assessment including consent approvals so as to comply with ADB‟s safeguards and PSEE requirements. Should any significant adverse effect occur during implementation (e.g. significant oil spill) the EMU will have a duty to inform the PSEE of the event.

Responsibilities of the Contractor

318. The Contractor shall submit and present Method statement or contractor‟s EMP (CEMP) to the Construction Engineer, Project Managemnt Consultants This CEMP or the method statements shall be agreed by representatives of the Contractor, MAWR and the PMU in meetings. If requested by the PMU, a meeting shall be held to explain and discuss on method statements with participation of WUA or their representative.

319. The Contractor is responsible for fully and effectively implementing mitigation methods and terms related to Environment specified in Contract documents and following the CEMP submitted to PMU and approved by them.

320. At the time of bidding the contractor will meet the Conditions of Contract regarding the EMP. During construction the contractor will be responsible for:

(i) Attending a site induction meeting before commencing work where the CEMP conditions will be confirmed with the contractor. The EMU will arrange the meeting and only after the safeguard officer is satisfied that the contractor understands and can comply with the EMP conditions, the safeguard officer will approve the contractor commencing work.

(ii) The contractor will supervise both his own workers and those of the sub-contractor in implementing the construction related requirements of the CEMP.

(iii) The contractor will be responsible for determining whether any PCBs are contained in the electrical equipment to be disposed. If PCBs are present these will be disposed of according to SEE requirements.

(iv) The contractor will need to arrange for any permits and approvals to open borrow pits, land fill sites, quarrying of material and any disposal sites.

(v) The contractor will appoint a Site Engineer who will be responsible for the daily supervision of the construction activities and monitoring of the works for compliance with both the technical specifications and the EMP requirements.

(vi) The contractor is to advise the CE of any serious environmental breaches, this includes major oil spills.

Responsibilities of the ADB

321. The ADB will have the following responsibilities:

(i) Ensure that the subproject ToR meets EARP requirements (ii) Site the PSEE environmental consent approval of the IEE (attached in Annex-

C)

42

This was not in the EARF Report but it was recommended by the Safeguard Officer of the ADB Resident

Mission in Uzbekistan.


53

(iii) Arrange for the IEE to be posted on the ADB website to meet the public disclosure requirement

(iv) Following the completion of the requirements and the review of the IEE advice the PMO of the WRMSP that the IEE is approved so that the contractor can commence work.

E.3 Reporting Requirements

322. Each month the Contractor will prepare a brief report on compliance with the EMP which will be sent to the CE and safeguard officer. The safeguard officer will check the report and attach any additional information such as monitoring and forward the report to the project manager. The project manager will arrange for the monthly report to be (i) copied to the BISA and PNPC and (ii) include the report in a quarterly report to the ADB. The contractor will also provide monthly reports on accidents. These reports will be sent to the CE who will forward these to the safeguard officer.

323. During the implementation of the WRMSP, the safeguard officer will submit quarterly reports on the implementation of subproject EMPs to PMU, PSEE, the MAWR and ADB detailing; (a) compliance with ADB loan covenants and applicable government laws, regulations and requirements; (b) significant events or issues that have been encountered or changes in project scope, and corresponding safeguard measures undertaken, if applicable; (c) summary of monitoring report findings; (d) follow up actions required (if any); and (e) conclusions.

324. Safeguard officer should also submit annual reports on EMP monitoring to the ADB through the PMO and the findings of the joint inspections with District Inspection team of the PNPC must be incorporated into this report.

325. During the operation phase, the Pump Station Manager is to provide the following reports. (i) A monthly report that includes a copy of the Accident Record Report. (ii) A yearly report that summarises the maintenance training programs carried out. Both reports are to be sent to the BISA Chief Operations Manager.

E.4 Redress Grievance Mechanism

326. Under the Monitoring Engineer of PMO, the Grievances Point Person shall manage the grievances raised during construction. He/she shall be responsible for ensuring the observance of the grievance redress mechanism and for preparing the monthly and annual grievance redress reports.

327. Informally, a complainant can approach or call the PIU, the Contractor or the Operator to raise his/her complaints/concerns. If complaint is not acted on promptly, or if complainant is not satisfied with the resolution undertaken, he/she can call or approach the PMO Office.

328. The Grievance Point Person (GPP) and the Operating Agency (BISA) will be responsible for documenting and registering complaints received during construction and


54

operation phases, respectively. Other potential complaint recipients shall make sure that the received complaints are documented by, and registered with, the GPP/BISA as soon as possible. The GPP must maintain a good rapport with the PM and SO with respect to the registration of the complaints. The GPP/BISA shall make sure that documented/registered complaints are acknowledged, duly referenced and complainants informed of the expected action timelines as set forth in the established mechanism. The GPP/BISA shall inform the Affected Party/person (AP) immediately if the grievance is within, or outside, the purview of the mechanism. If it is outside the scope, affected person/party shall be directed to the proper institution and/or proper mechanism for the complaint.

329. Simultaneously with registration of any complaint, the GPP or SO must inform about the complaint to the Safeguard Officer of the ADB Resident Mission in Uzbekistan through the PM. Subsequently, the action taken to resolve the issue and the progress also must be reported. Assurance of this process will be a responsibility of the PM

330. If it is covered by the mechanism, the complaint will be immediately reviewed, investigated and discussed together with Contractor‟s/ BISA‟s duly designated grievance officer/ Public Relations Officer, if conditions allow, that is, both AP and Contractor‟s/BISA‟s grievance officer are available for discussion. If not, the review, investigation and discussion should take place immediately the next day. The discussion will cover the measures to implement based on the review and investigation.

331. If impact/issue is minor, the Contractor/ BISA shall immediately act on the complaint. Minor impacts/issues are generally those that would not require thorough review and investigation and are easy to resolve. If impact/issue will need thorough review and investigation, more work to be done, and/or supplies/parts to be procured, to resolve, the Contractor/BISA shall immediately provide the most suitable interim measure to reduce impact; and to start working on the final measure not later than 5 days from the day discussion meeting is held.

332. The GPP/BISA shall keep track of, and document, the progress of each step for record purposes, future reference and for monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the mechanism. If, according to the AP, the impact has been resolved satisfactorily, GPP/BISA shall obtain a written confirmation of satisfaction from the complainant, which will form part of the grievance documentation.

333. For at least a week after closure of grievance (that is, when action implemented has been satisfactorily confirmed in writing by the complainant), the GPP/BISA shall monitor the effectiveness of the resolution. Monitoring shall be properly documented. The GPP/BISA shall make sure that the status of grievance management is reported monthly to the PMUBISA‟s Public Relations Office. The report shall provide comprehensive information on number of grievance received, timeframe of actions made, number of action backlogs, efficiency rate, and remarks particularly on the constraints and lessons learned. Reports shall serve as basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the mechanism and shall help in determining improvements to strengthen the mechanism and improve the environmental management of the Project component. It is also advisable to use the monitoring reports to report back to the concerned Makhalla (communes) & settlements on the implementation of the grievance redress mechanism. It will be an effective tool to gain the appreciation and respect of the communes and settlements on the sincerity of the goal of the Project component and the services of the BISA.

334. In the event the issue persists, AP can lodge an appeal to his/her Hokimiyat


55

(Local Authority). The Hokimiyat shall immediately: i) record the appeal; ii) contact the GPP, Contractor or BISA, provide them with copy of the appeal; and iii) call for a meeting to review the history of the grievance and discuss the appeal and quick resolution of the issue. If the proposed action/measure has not started within 5 days from the time of formal lodging of the appeal, AP can seek assistance from Hokimiyat to raise the grievance to the most relevant institution, i.e., procuratura (Prosecution Office) at District level. It is highly unlikely that grievance redress process for the Project component will reach the level wherein Complainants need to go through the “appeal” stage.

E.5 Costs of Environmental Measures

335. Environmental Specialist. An internationally recruited Environmental Specialist will be recruited for 5 months over the first 3 years of the Project implementation to assist in the establishment of the EMU, train the EMU staff and commence the implementation of the EMP. The environmental specialist will need to be available for input during pre-construction to assist in the establishment of the EMU and to advise on design and bid evaluation requirements. During implementation the environmental specialist will return as required to monitor the performance of the EMU and compliance with the EMP. The environmental specialist‟s duties include;

(i) Over-seeing the preparation of a Design Brief which incorporates the EMP design details to be addressed by the Design Engineers;

(ii) Revising the EMP to be attached to the bid and contract documents; (iii) Assisting in evaluation of the contractor‟s environmental experience from

the bids; (iv) Provide training as required to the safeguard officer and supporting staff; (v) Ensures that the procedures that are contained within the “Environmental

Assessment and Review Procedures for Sector Loans” which outlines compliance procedures for assessing further subprojects, is understood by the national staff and applied to all future subprojects that will be identified within the sector loan;

(vi) Undertakes environmental assessment of subprojects, application of the EMPs and training of the EMU staff.

336. The cost for recruiting the environmental specialists including fees, travel and support costs have already been included in the project budget.

337. Environmental Management Unit (EMU). The EMU is located within the PMO and be headed by the nationally recruited Safeguards Officer who will be appointed for the entire 5 years of implementation. The safeguard officer will manage the EMU and will be assisted by a National Environmental Specialist (NES) who is appointed for 17 months. The safeguard officer will report to the Project Manager43 in the PMO. The safeguard officer will progressively assume responsibility for all of the environmental specialist‟s duties. The cost of recruiting the national staff is included in the project budget. The cost of recruiting the Construction Engineer responsible for contract supervision will be under the project Management Consultants budget.

338. Other budget amounts. The required mitigation measures include either design requirements for better facilities to meet safety requirements or adherence to

43

Site supervision remains as the Construction Engineer‟s responsibility so as to avoid possible confusion of directions

arising from other persons. Thus the EMU should only give directions to the contractor via the PSE who will be responsible for the contract budget. The PSE will be assisted by the safeguard officer and until a satisfactory environmental awareness level is created within the PSE the safeguard officer will be required to work alongside the PSE


56

good practices during the construction phase. As the contract is a design and built contract, the contractors are advised in the bid documents to estimate the involved cost for such measures in the contractors‟ bid value.

F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

F.1 Public Consultation

339. Consultation and participation during project preparation were carried out in the form of on-site informal discussions during field visits, key informant interviews, socio-economic surveys and focus group discussions.

340. The field visit conducted by the Environmental Specialists and a PMU officers in October 2010 was a joint preliminary assessment of the environmental/cultural sensitiveness of the Project sites. Few informal interviews with residents were made to find out the level of awareness of the residents of the Project component. Those interviewed confirmed their awareness of the proposed Project component and potential impacts as well as desire to have the project.

341. Key staffs of BISA were consulted on their experiences with other existing water supply projects. Also they we consulted about the land acquisition for the facilities, mitigation of impacts during construction as well as O&M after completion including monitoring of land productivity and water quality. They were made aware of the questions raised by people in the consultation meetings and need to address such issues.

342. Initial works on Formal Public Consultation was started on 4th April, 2011 in close collaboration with Fergana Province Hokimiyat, Provincial Committee on Nature Protection (SCNP) and TA Consultants. Brief information on project activities and intention of conducting the Public Consultations was forwarded to Fergana Province Hokimiyat. Various community groups were informed about the Public Consultation under the proposed Dangara project by displaying posters in public places of Dangara settlement. Moreover, Official invitation letters were forwarded to the District Hokimiyats, Provincial Departments of SCNP, Makhalla Committees of Dangara district, Dangara settlement, and farmers whose lands are likely to be affected by project activities.

343. First formal Public Consultation was conducted on April 15, 2011 at 10:00 in the building of Agro-industrial College in Bogish settlement of Dangara district. Representatives of all above mentioned groups as well as representatives of the Pump Station Management participated in the Public Consultation.

344. Among the participants the key stakeholders were the representatives of Water Resources Management Sector Project: Mamadvaliev T.G. – Project Manager; Kuziev


57

J. – Head of PIU; and Timirova M. – National Environmental Specialist; representatives of Dangara District Hokimiyat: Hokim (Mayor) of Dangara District – Abdusolomov Sh. Details of the public consultation meeting is given in the Annex-B.

345. Further consultations will be required during the construction phase to alert farmers to the construction schedule and when changes in water flow may occur. This has been identified within the EMP.

F.2 Information Disclosure

346. To date, the following have been disclosed: i) Subproject description and components; ii) locations; and iii) expected period of implementation, in the formal environmental public consultation evens held in April 2011. Further public consultation is planned to be held before starting the construction work. In this meetings the draft IEE, including the draft EMP, will be disclosed to the relevant people after completion of the IEE in May 2011. In this public consultation, (i) All stakeholders will be invited and encouraged to participate in the consultation workshops; (ii) Suggestions from the general public will be sought about potential impacts in their view and any proposed alternate mitigation measures; (iii) The responsible officers will be available at the meeting to answer any matter concerning the project design and operation as well as contract management and environmental monitoring.

347. The SIEE report will be required to be circulated worldwide, through the depository library system and on the ADB web site.

G. FINDINGS ANG RECOMMENDATIONS

348. The activities outlined in the IEE are for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Dangara irrigation Scheme, one of the non-core subprojects that have been identified for the WRMSP. The activities involve the deepening and widening of the intake canal, repair and rehabilitation of one pumping station, removal of existing pumps and installation of new pumps away from the existing pump house. Work also involves repair and rehabilitation of the machine canal and associated infrastructure. While the work will increase the amount of water presently pumped, it will not increase the size of the irrigated area beyond its original designed area. Overall the subproject will pose negligible impacts on the environment, and are acceptable with regard to the application of the mitigating measures that are outlined in the EMP. Those communities that are dependent on the supply of irrigation water will benefit from the operation of the subproject either by providing them with a more secure and reliable source of water or providing water for areas totally deprived of irrigation water due to system deterioration and recent reduction of river flow levels. The subproject will also improve the safety and working conditions of


58

the pump house operators.

349. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed and it contains the following recommendations: It will be the PMU responsibility to ensure that the pump house building designs include provision for basic worker facility requirements, structural stability, safety and health requirements, adequate drainage, oil separation, etc., as outlined in the pre-construction section of the EMP. With respect to irrigation infrastructure, designs to deliver adequate irrigation water, facilities for removal of silt before pumping and features important for sustainability of the operations are embodies in the EMP. when the pumps and electrical/mechanical equipment are procured the suppliers are to provide basic maintenance support programs for the pumps and electrical equipment for at least two years. No equipment such as transformers with PCB will be allowed. The EMP will form part of the Bid conditions and will also be attached to the contract as a requirement of the contract. Contractors that do not address the EMP at the time of bid will be disqualified.

350. EMP provides realizable mitigation measures that are compatible with Best Construction and Worker Health and Safety Practices. Compliance monitoring of the mitigation measures will be the responsibility of the Construction Engineer who will be supported in this role by the nationally recruited Safeguard Officer. The safeguard officer will be supported by a nationally recruited National Environmental Specialist and an internationally recruited Environmental Specialist. The cost of implementing the EMP includes both for the staff of EMU and mitigation measures. The remuneration, transport and other expenses of the staff is included in the project budget. The cost of mitigation measures are expected to be included in the contractors bid values.

351. All project activities prior to construction, during construction and during operation will be monitored and a monitoring mechanism for which is provided in this IEE Report. Moreover, the members of the WUAs, BISA, and Hokimiyats have an important role in project construction and operation so that they can intervene when necessary or when complaints arise.

352. It is recommended that the subproject proceeds as planned and that the mitigating and monitoring measures that have been identified within the EMP are implemented during the pre-construction, operation and maintenance phases of the subproject‟s implementation. Based on the IEE findings it is concluded that there are no outstanding environmental issues remaining and as all impacts can be effectively mitigated no further environmental assessment is required for the subproject.

H. CONCLUSIONS

353. Based on the findings of the IEEs for the Dangara subproject, the classification of the Project as Category “B” is confirmed under the ADB Guidelines. The adverse impacts that will arise from the implementation of all project components will generally be minor or moderate and measures to mitigate them are provided and they could be instituted without difficulty through proper engineering design and environment-friendly management of construction activities and operation.

354. The operation of the proposed project, will bring about numerous socio-economic benefits that will far outweigh any adverse impacts, for instance, improved reliable irrigation water supply will promote agricultural production leading to the enhanced income and opening up of employment opportunities and thereby improvement of the


59

local economy as well the national economy through export.

355. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the Project as Category “B” is confirmed. No further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB‟s Safeguard Policy. According to the GoU environmental legislation, the subproject falls under Category - 3 or low risk projects, which would require an IEA report for approval of the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa). This IEA report was submitted in January 2011 and the clearance for the project was obtained from the Gosecoexpertisa and the requirements specified therein were included into the EMP.

I. REFERENCES

1) Academy of Sciences and State Committee of Nature Protection 2006. The Red

Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Volume I: Plants the Fungi. Volume II:

Animals

2) ADB Nov 2002. Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, Asian

Development Bank, Manila.

3) ADB, Oct 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Asian Development

Bank, Manila.

4) ADB, Dec 2004. Country Environmental Analysis for Uzbekistan. Manila.

5) ADB, Oct 2007. Consultation Draft of the Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB,

Manila.

6) ADB, 2008. Asian Development Bank and Uzbekistan. Fact Sheet. ADB Regional

Office, Tashkent.

7) ADB, 2006. Safeguard Requirements for Borrowers/clients Environment.

Operations Manual Bank Policies (BP). Manila.

8) CACILM, 2005. National Programming Framework. Prepared by Republic of

Uzbekistan UNCCD National Working Group. Central Asian Countries Initiative

for Land Management (CACILM).

9) FAO, 1997. Aqustat, Uzbekistan. FAO‟s Information System on Water and

Agriculture. National Protection Committee, 2005. National Environmental Report.

Tashkent.

10) Habijon K., Noble A.D., Abullavaev I., and Uktam T, 2005. Remediation of

Saline Soils Using Glycorrhiza glabra: A study from the Hungry Steppes of

Central Asia. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. Vol 3, No 2.

11) IWMI, 2005. Rehabilitating abandoned saline soils using Licorice naked – a cost

effective approach for the Hun gry Steppes of Central Asia. June 2005 - No 2.

12) IWMI, 2005. “Bright Spots” in Uzbekistan, Reversing Land and Water

Degradation while Improving Livelihoods: Key Developments and Sustaining

Ingredients for Transition Economies of the former Soviet Union. Report

compiled by Noble A., Hassan M., and Kazbekov J. International Water

Management Institute, PO Box 2075, Columbo, Sri Lanka.

13) Mahommadiev S. Kh., and Mirzaev M.P. Current States of Water Resources in


60

Uzbekistan. Tash kent Institute of water Resources.

14) National Protection Committee, 2005. National Environmental Report. Tashkent.

15) State Committee for Nature Protection, 1996. Environmental Information

Systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Draft Assessment Report, UNEP/GRID-

Arendal.

16) State Committee of Nature Protection of Republic of Uzbekistan. 2009. Book of

Ecologist-Expert, State Ecological assessment.

17) UDI, 2008. A subproject for the reconstruction of the Besharyk pump station and

state inter-farm machine canals in Fergana Province. Report prepared for TA

7061-UZB: Water Resources Management Sector Project. UDI Tashkent.

18) Uzbek Academy of Sciences, 2006. The Red Data Book of the Republic of

Uzbekistan, Volume I and II.

19) UNDP, 2006. Poverty and Inequality in Uzbekistan. LSE, Development and

Transition. Paper written by Uktam Abdurakhmanov and Sheila Marnie.

20) UNDP Country Programme Action Plan 2010- 2015

21) UNDP Draft Country Programme Document for Uzbekistan 2010-2015 (19th

March 2009)

22) United Nations Development Assistance Framework 2010-2015 p. 13

23) UNEP, Environmental I formation Systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan. 24) World Bank, 2000. Irrigation and Drainage Sector Strategy Study. Volume 1. Report

prepared for MAWR. 25) World Bank Uzbekistan Country Brief 2009 (per capita based on GNI, Atlas method). 26) Welfare Improvement Strategy of Uzbekistan – (2008-2010) Table 3.8

61

ANNEX –A: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING

Project Activity Potential Environmental Impact

Location Proposed Mitigation Measure

Implementing Responsibility

Mitigation Cost Location Parameter to be monitored

Frequency and means of Verification

Monitoring responsibility

Monitoring Cost

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

[1] Incorporation of Health and Safety working requirements in the existing pump house rehabilitation designs

Health & safety threats to workers in the pump station

i. Lack of adequate staff facilities resulting in unsanitary and poor staff facilities.

ii. Possible serious accidents and loss of life from (a) working alongside machinery and (b) within high risk of electrocution and explosion.

Dangara Pump Station

i. Provide adequate staff facilities in the pump house redesigns (water-seal toilets, furbished rest rooms, dining rooms, etc).

ii. (a) Provide raised walkways, provide safety guards on exposed machinery, improve floor drainage/lower groundwater level.

(b) All electrical installations to meet internationally acceptable safety standards for wet working areas.

Design Engineers

Costs included in procurement specifications

Bid documents & detail designs

i. Plans and bid documents show that staff facilities have been included.

ii. Bid specifications reflect safety requirements for (a) and (b).

i. Once, verify design.

ii. Once verify that safety requirements have been carried into Bid specifications

Project Manager and SO

Included in project budgets of PMO.

62








Monitoring Cost

[2] Incorporation of structural stability for safety purposes and sustainability of facilities (pump house as well as all irrigation facilities)

Risk of accidents after completion causing damage to facilities and workers due to inadequate designs;

Impacts on project sustainability and benefits in the long-term

Adverse impacts on groundwater

All new structures/ constructions

Building design with a second category of fire resistance where all elements are made of fireproof or not-easy-to- burn materials;

Design for anti-seismic activities in accordance with construction Norms and Regulations (CNR) 2.01.03-96 “Civil Works within the seismic areas”

Ensure free access to the facilities and availability of roads to them for O&M;

Placement of building and facilities considering fire breaks

Design according to CNR 2.01.03-96 and 3.04.02-97 “Corrosion Protection of buildings” to prevent effects on the quality of ground water

Design Engineer (DE)


Bid documents & detailed designs

Plans and bid documents show that required specifications have been included.

Once, verify design.

Project Manager (PM) and Safeguard Officer (SO)

Included in project budgets of PMO.

[3] Reduction of sand at the pump intakes

i. Reduce cleaning of canals, reduced pump wear and pumping costs;

ii. Increases sustainability of pumps and reduced canal de-silting.

Inlet canal

i. Inlet canal design/silt basins to be checked for adequacy of silt removal.

ii. Criteria to be developed for cleaning inlet sand trap/ other alternate devices.

DE and Safeguard Officer (SO)



Verify inclusion of silt removing measures in design.

Once, verify that the inlet has been evaluated and redesigned as necessary.

PM and SO Included in project budgets of PMO

63








Monitoring Cost

[4] Provision of oil and water separators if surface drainage from pump house enter irrigation canals

Avoidable loss of water quality downstream of pump stations

Pump house- drainage inlet

Oil and water separators to be provided on internal drainage systems in the pump station if canal water carries >0.3 mg/l oil below drainage outlets.

.

DE and SO Costs included in procurement specifications


Verify inclusion in re-design.

Once, verify that the oil and water separators have been included.


[5] Development of Worker Safety Plan (WSP)

Possible serious accidents to those working in the pump station.

.

Pump station

Develop Worker Safety Plan that is compliant with Uzbekistan Labour Code

SO Included as part of SO’s tasks – As such no cost implication

Part of O&M Manual

Completion of Worker Safety Plan.

Once, verify the WSP has been written.


[6] Evaluation of ground condition of rising main

Possible excessive corrosion of steel manifold and rising main laid in saline water tables and soils; and reduced project sustainability

Rising Mans

Evaluate relaying new manifold and rising main sections as above ground structures in salinized areas / Use of protective coating

DE and SO Costs included in procurement specifications (if any such work is required)

Detailed Design

Evaluation of new rising main in terms of corrosion affecting on life of structure

Once, verify evaluation has been carried out and a decision made based on the evaluation.


[7] Provision of canal crossings

Enhanced accessibility to irrigation areas on other side of canal.

Along Machine Canal

Upgrade existing crossings and provide additional crossings as required to meet farmer needs


Detailed Designs

WUAs consulted regarding location.

Crossings included in design.

Once, verify WUAs consultation completed. Canal crossings included in design.


64








Monitoring Cost

[8] Incorporation of landscaping, tree planting, pavements and beatification of buildings/ sites

Minimized potential risk of soil erosion, reduced ambient dust levels, impairment of aesthetics

Pump house surroundings

Identification of locations which require landscaping, tree planting, formation of pavements and include them in the design;

Provisions for painting and upgrading of existing buildings wherever necessary

DE Costs included in procurement specifications


Plans and bid documents show that required provisions have been included.



[9] Procurement:

i. supply of training maintenance programs.

ii. Exclusion of PCB from goods included in procurement

i. Poor maintenance of mechanical and electrical equipment will lead to early and costly failure of equipment.

ii. Supply of POPs is banned under Stockholm Convention and ADB procurement.

Pump house new equipments

i. Training to be provided as a supporting item at the time of procuring the mechanical and electrical equipment.

ii. No electrical equipment can (transformers) be supplied with PCB insulation.

DE and

SO


Bid document

i. Procurement bid document includes provision for the maintenance programs.

ii. Bid documents must state that supply of equipment with PCBs will not be permitted

Once, verify procurement bid document includes i. maintenance programs, and ii. Prohibition of PCBs.


[10] Incorporation of EMP in bid and contract documents

Lack of application of the EMP will mean that environmental issues not addressed. Lack of subproject sustainability.

Bidding Documents

i. EMP to be included as a Special Condition in the Bid Document.

ii. EMP to be attached to contract to form part of the contract requirements.

PM and SO. No cost implication

Bid & contract documents

EMP included in (i) the Bid Document’ and

(ii) the Contract document.

Once, verify EMP has been included in (i) the Bid Document and (ii) the Contract Document.


65








Monitoring Cost

[11] Selection of Contractor

Selection of inappropriate contractors may result in lack of/inadequate compliance with the EMP.

Bid evaluation

Prepare evaluation checklist to compare contractors. Use this to select the best contractor.

PM and SO No cost implication

Bid evaluation

Review contractor evaluation scores.

a. Once, verify that the procedure has been followed.


[12} Design of rehabilitation of canals and structures

Inability to meet full irrigation demand and operation over long-term if inadequately designed

Pumps & canals

Design considering full irrigation water demand and adhering to construction regulations and norms of Uzbekistan


Detailed designs

Plans and bid documents show that required provisions have been included.



CONSTRUCTION PHASE

[1] Awareness campaign

Loss of farm income due to alterations in supply of irrigation water caused by construction activities.

Irrigated farms

Undertake a public awareness campaign to create awareness within the farmers of the construction work plan and possible impacts on water supplies;

SO and PM Cost has been included in PMO budget.

PMO documents

Public consultation records.

Once, verify public consultation process has been completed.

SO and CE Included in project budgets of PMO & Project Management Consultants

[2’] Induction of contractor to the site.

Avoids contractor ignoring the EMP and loosing environmental values due to poor application of the EMP.

On site

i. EMP explained to contractor on-site before any work commences.

ii. So approves the commencement of work only after the contractor understands the EMP

SO and Construction Engineer (CE)

No cost implication (PMO task)

PMO Documents

Induction carried out prior to commencing work by Contractor.

Once, verify induction process has been completed.

SO Included in project budgets of PMO

66








Monitoring Cost

[3] Removal of trees along canals and other construction sites

Loss of scarce vegetation. All Construction sites/ canals

Any trees that need to be removed can only be removed after the PNPC/ Hokimiyat has approved their removal.

Contractor,

PNPC, SO and CE

No cost implication

All work sites

Trees removed only after PNPC approval obtained.

Any tree removed has been approved by the PNPC.

SO and CE Included in project budgets of PMO & Project Management Consultants

[4] Site preparation

Erosion from site clearing, grading and excavation resulting in sedimentation of water bodies;

All Construction sites

Minimize land clearing and excavation areas, preserving existing ground cover wherever possible, and providing approved ground cover where necessary; plant trees, bushes/grass to minimize rainwater runoff; appropriate stabilizing techniques to prevent cave-ins or earth-slips in excavated areas.

Constructing buildings and facilities following the land protection activities stipulated in Construction Norms and Regulations (CNR) 3.01.01-97 and CNR 3.05.03-97.

Contractor and CE

Costed by contractor and cost carried into contract

All work sites

Verify the adherence to recommendations in sites where clearance is performed

Spot checks and monthly inspections

CE and SO Included in project budgets of PMO & Project Management Consultants

67








Monitoring Cost

[5] Excavation of sites and opening of borrow pits

Loss of aesthetics from poor handling of excavated materials and opening of borrow pits.

a). Borrow material - needed for canal work.

b). Spoil- Excavated material from rising mains

Borrow sites/ excavation areas

a). Borrow material

i. Use material from sides of canals that has been dumped after excavation/ de-silting.

ii. If borrow pits essential. to be approved by PNPC and Ministry of Geology

iiii. borrow pits to be closed and landscaped.

b) Excavated materials

i. Stockpile materials alongside open trench for backfilling; use for road formation

ii. Replace material and landscape the area.

iii. Remove all waste and unused pipes.

a. Contractor to obtain approval for opening borrow pits.

b. Contractor and CE.


Borrow / excavation areas

a. i Material removed from sides of canals.

ii , iii. Borrow pits closed

b. i. Materials properly stockpiled,

ii. site landscaped and

iii. all old pipes and other used materials removed.

Verify a. i – iii. and b. i, ii and iii.


68








Monitoring Cost

[6] Rehabilitation activities during cropping season

Reduced crop yield due to inability to grow or meet crop water requirements due to lack of water during the crop season

Installing new pumps & canal repair

i. Undertake pump station rehabilitation during off-peak pumping season.

ii. Provide water by-pass structures along canal wherever feasible, e.g. Provide a detour channel connecting the intake canal to the existing intake chamber behind the rehabilitation site during installation of new pumps (proposed site) to continue irrigation supplies uninterrupted;

Contractor and

CE

Costed by contractor and cost carried into contract, If any cost involved

Installation of pumps& canal repair during

summer

i. Pump station work carried out during off-season.

ii. Water by-pass structures provided for canals if feasible

iii. farm productivity little affected

i. As required. Pump station work carried out during off-season.

ii. Water by-pass structures provided.

iii. Farm productivity little affected


69








Monitoring Cost

[7] Removal and disposal of debris

Improper dumping leading to loss of environmental values.

Temporary & designated dumping yards

i. Debris to be dumped in land fill sites approved by PSEE/Hokimiyat.

ii. Sell metal based scrap and equipment to metal melting factories in Fergana.

iii. Land fill sites to be closed and rehabilitated

iv. Old rising main pipe to be removed and disposed or used for recycling metal.

v. Any electrical equipment found to contain PCBs is to be disposed of to meet PSEE (Gosecoexpertisa) requirements;

Uzbekistan maintains “sanitary norms and rules” and under that all waste is classified and recommend the procedures for disposal of each category- contractor must obtain this recommendation and follow them by hiring the companies registered for handling such waste materials; also re-use, recycle must be followed for some waste on their recommendation

Contractor, SO and PSEE.


Temporary & designated

dumping yards

Verify disposal site meets PSEE environmental criteria.

Scrap and all old pipes and other metal taken away.

i. Verify location for dump site.

ii. Scrap metal and pipes removed.

iii. Ensure site has been closed.


70








Monitoring Cost

[8’] Storage and Handling of construction materials, fuel and lubricants

Contamination of soil and water resources

Material/ equipment storage sites

a. Prepare material/equipment storage areas with facilities not to impair air quality nor contaminate soil or water and placed about 20 m away from water sources at elevated areas without interfering with drainage pattern

b. Bund fuel tank storages to 110% of tank capacity. Refuel vehicles and equipment 20 m away from water courses

c. Dispose of used oil and oil filters to meet accepted industry procedures

d. Accidental spill handling action (contingency) plan

a, b, c and d: Contractor


Material & equipment storages

Adhere to proposed mitigation;

Fuel and lubricant storage and handling procedures implemented; Contingency plans are in place

a. Verify suitability of storage facilities

b. Verify fuel storage areas

c. Bund formation at start then spot checks as required

Contractor, CE and SO

Included in project budgets of PMO & Project Management Consultants

[9] Noise from construction equipment; e.g. jack hammers, air compressors

a. Nuisance to surrounding communities (if any)

b. Workplace hazard

All work sites

a. Equipment fitted with approved sound suppression equipment and maintained

b. Operators provided with ear protection

c. Limit activities to daylight hours

a, b and c. Contractor


All work sites

Workers and communities satisfied with conditions

I Spot checks and monthly inspections: for: a. Noise

b. hearing protection

CE and SO


71








Monitoring Cost

[10] Dust a. workplace hazard

b. community hazard from haul traffic

All work sites & haulage routes

a. contractor to have access to water tanker in List of Equipment to be brought to site.

b. contractor to spray water on work areas and roads as required

a and b. Contractor


Work sites and haulage roads

likely to have dust problem

Water tanker provided.

Contractor’s Dust Spraying record


Contractor, Site Engine, CE and SO


[11] Worker Health and Safety

Accidents and loss of worker productivity

All work sites

a. Contractor to implement workplace safety awareness program.

b. Workers to be provided with safety equipment and instructed in its use.

c. Emergency accident -contingency plan

a ,b and c. by Contractor


All work sites

Inspection and verified by Contractor’s Labour Accident Report




72








Monitoring Cost

[12] Solid and liquid waste management

Soil and water pollution All work sites & labour camps

All solid waste collected in containers for safe temporary storage and weekly dispose to safe dumping areas approved by the PE and PNPC;

All liquid waste (except hazardous matter) , wastewater and sewage diverted into temporary septic tanks which are to be located in areas unlikely to contaminate groundwater and close the pits with soil on completion of work;

Prohibit dumping of waste in water bodies

Contractor Costed by contractor cost carried into contract

All work sites & labour camps

Visual inspection of work sites and labour camps




[13} Transport of equipment and material in existing roads

Possible public nuisance due to dust, traffic congestion, air pollution, etc., and

Damages to local roads and other utilities due to hauling in roads which were not identified during design stage;

Roads used for haulage

If local roads are used, Select routes based on the truck load; divide the load to prevent damages to local roads and bridges; observe speed limits and maintain in the good condition; transport material under cover; avoid peak hours in roads with moderate to high traffic.

Contractor attends to repair all damaged infrastructure/ roads, if needed. with relevant authorities (Hokimiyat);


Roads used for haulage

Possible public nuisance due to dust, traffic problem, etc.

Any damages to roads restored by end of the project

Spot Check and inspection once a month, if any problem prevails;

Following completion of work before final payment

Contractor, SE. CE and SO


73








Monitoring Cost

[14] Rehabilitation and closing construction sites

Impairment of environmental resources, aesthetics and community safety

All work sites, labour camps storage areas & temporary dumping yards

a. Remove all waste and contaminated soil

b. Restore sites by replacing topsoil and re-vegetating area

c. Final payment may be withheld until work is completed


work sites, labour camps storage

areas & temporary

dumping yards

Sites closed according to requirements

Following completion of work. Before final payment

Contractor, SE,. CE and SO


OPERATION PHASE INCLUDING DEFECT LIABILITY PERIOD]

[1] i. Regular maintenance of infrastructure

ii. Regular maintenance of oil and water separators.

i. Early failure of facilities leading to more costly rehabilitation/replacement. Lack of sustainability of subproject.

ii. Loss of water quality in irrigation canals

Pump house & irrigation canals

i. Arrange maintenance training programs.

ii. Evaluate training programs

iii. Arrange irrigation canal and drainage channel maintenance programs

iv. Arrange budgets for maintenance.

v. Check that oil and water separators are being properly maintained

i. First two years training by contractor as per procurement for electro-mechanical equipments

I - v. Fergana BISA

i. First two years training cost included in procurement of electro-mechanical equipments;

i-v: BISA

Pump house

i. Rehabilitated equipment and infrastructure operating as expected.

ii. Oil and water separators cleaned. No visual signs of oil drained into the canal

Six monthly.

i. Infrastructure meets expected operating requirements.

ii. Oil not being discharged to canal.

BISA Procurement cost &

MAWR cost

74








Monitoring Cost

[2] Maintenance of land productivity

Deterioration of soil quality due to salinization and water-logging lead to reduction in crop yield and reduced economic returns from land and water;

Irrigated Lands

Prevent re-use of poor quality drainage water (more than 3 g/l mineralization) for irrigation; increase irrigation efficiency by avoiding over-use of irrigation water; enhance drainage in areas with high ground water table; and regular maintenance of all drainage canals

Crop rotation including green manure and introduction of advanced agricultural practices such as mineral fertilizers applied in a timely fashion, use of improved seed varieties, etc., to enhance fertility and productivity

Fergana BISA; and Farmers

MAWR operational cost;

Farmers input cost

Irrigated lands

Regular monitoring of irrigation water quality; drainage water quality, groundwater quality , soil quality (all in terms of mineralization) and depth to groundwater; yield levels

Already established norms for sampling and parameters by the BISA

BISA /MAWR MAWR

[3] Worker Safety Plan for those involved in irrigation system O&M

Workplace accidents. Possible loss of life.

Pump house

Implement Worker Safety Plan

Mainly BISA Pump Station Manager

MAWR cost Pump house

Number of accidents

Monthly Accident Record Report

BISA MAWR cost

[4] Abstraction of river water exceeding the designed capacity

Reduced availability of water for downstream uses;

Violation of trans-national water uses agreements

At the Pump Station

Adherence the designed pumping capacity (without exceeding 10 m3/s) and thereby adherence to the concurrence of The agreement with Syrdarya Basin Water Organisation

BISA Pump Station Manager

No- cost implication

Pump House

Pumping rate (m3/s)

Records maintained about pumping rates in the pump house

BISA MAWR cost

75








Monitoring Cost

[5] Maintenance of pump house cleanliness and sanitation

Deterioration of sanitary conditions in the pump house;

Environmental pollution;

Impairment of aesthetics

Pump House

Maintenance of water-seal toilets with periodic emptying of cesspits;

Waste disposed according to the recommendations of the District Sanitary Epidemic Station either to the regional dump yards, for recycling or reuse depending on the category;

Maintenance of a dedicated warehouse for waste such as mercury pollutants (luminescent lamps) for recycling (de-mercerization) through registered companies;

BISA Pump Station Manager

MAWR operational cost

Pump House

Regular monitoring of waste management and sanitary conditions

Regular observation

BISA MAWR cost

CNR = Construction Norms and Regulations;

CE= Construction Engineer; (employed by the Project Management Consultants for the supervision of construction work)

DE = Design Engineer (both from the PM consultants and detailed design Contractor)

EMP = Environmental Management Plan

MAWR = Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources

O&M = Operation and Maintenance

PCB = Poly Chlorinated biphenyls;

PNPC = Provincial level of State Committee for Nature Protection (Oblkompriroda)

PM = Project Manager,

PMO = Project Management Office;

POP = Persistent Organic Pollutants;

CEE = Provincial State Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa);

SE = Site Engineer (contractor‟s Engineer),

SO = Safeguards Office {attached to the PMO);

76

WUA = Water Users Association;

77

ANNEX - B: PUBLIC CONSULTATION

1. First formal Public Consultation was conducted on 15th April, 2011 at 10:00 in the building of Agro-industrial College in Bogish settlement of Dangara district Prior announcement of Public Consultation was published in the local newspaper of Dangara District. Before conducting the Public Consultation, meetings were held with representatives of District Hokimiyat under which the pump station identified for rehabilitation falls; representatives of the Department of Environmental Protection, Project Manager and other relevant personals.

2. During the public consultation meeting, awareness was created among the participants about the Project objectives, goals, and proposed activities. There were 83 participants among them there were representatives of Makhalla (Village) Committees of Dangara Districts, as well as representatives of District Hokimiyats, Representatives of Natural Protection Committee, Pump Station Management, Heads of WUA and Farmers of the district.

3. Public Consultations began at 10.00 and lasted more than one and half hours. The meeting was opened by Hokim Mr. Sh. Abdusalomov and he briefly introduced the President's regulation about Sector Project on "Water Resource Management in Zarafshan and Fergana valleys", within which the rehabilitation of "Dangara" pump station has to be implemented. He stressed that the shortage of water affect the farmers very seriously.

4. The Project Manager Mamadvaliev T.G., requested the participants including students of the college, who attended the meeting, to reveal issues and problems in the Fergana Province with respect to water resource. Then he introduced key information on project activities. In brief he gave information about Asian Development Bank – when it was initiated, where its headquarters are and the member countries of ADB. He emphasized that the relationship between ADB and the Uzbekistan has increased progressively over time. ADB has invested in development of various divisions of the national economy and from 1996 to 2010 ADB has funded the economy of Uzbekistan more than 1946 mln dollars. Further, he stated that bidding on the project "Water resources management in Zarafshan and Fergana valleys" was commenced in 2008 and subsequently its acceptance was announced in 2009 by the Presidential. Moreover, he elaborated on the purposes of the project.

5. The Head of the PIU, J.Kuzibaev made a presentation on features of the proposed equipments of "Dangara" pump station and the present condition of the pump station commissioned in 1962. He described the proposed work of rehabilitation. Also, the photos reflecting the condition of "Dangara" pump station and machine channel were shown to the participations.

6. A potential impact of the Dangara subproject on the Environment was explained by the National Environmental Specialist, Timirova M.N with a presentation. She discussed the potential impacts of the project, such as noise, waste, and other pollutants of the environment as well as the proposed mitigation measures. She also stressed that on completion of the Feasibility report, the Initial Environmental Examination report (ZVOS) was prepared and submitted for the consideration of the Fergana Natural Protection Committee.

7. During the Public Consultation, the following questions were raised and they were answered by the consultants:

78

No. Participants’ questions / comments Consultant’s feedback

1

The proposed work involve deepening of intake chamber, if so what will be depth of intake chamber? (representative of Pump Station Management)

Today the depth of intake chamber is 3 m, but after reconstruction it will be 6 m.

2 It was mentioned that work on the "Besharik" will be commended this year; and if so when will work on "Dangara" pump station be started? (Farmer)

The work on "Besharik" will be started this year in September and finish in February 2013. The rehabilitation of "Dangara" pump station is planned to start March next year

3 Does the rehabilitation work include reconstruction of machine canal? If so, there are some trees along the canal and in the canal bed and how do you plan to deal with this problem? (Farmer)

Yes, the rehabilitation work includes work on the canal and all trees which grow in the canal bed will be removed but with permission of the Nature Protection Committee.

4 Does the project include provision of better facilities for the pump house staff, if so what will be such facilities?

Now the pump house employees do not have safe working conditions and facilities for working as well as for resting. Though the workers have to work during 24 hours, there are no facilities to take a shower; sanitary toilet facilities, any good waste collection system, etc. The proposed reconstruction of pump station includes provision of such facilities which are lacking at present.

5 What is the duration of the project implementation?

Total project (cycle) duration is 4 years. It is proposed to start the project implementation in 2011 and complete by 2014.

8. At the end of the discussion, a farmer of "Dangara Dur" stated that the proposed project

would provide solutions to the prevailing issues of water and land in the district. 9. Consultants informed participants if there are any further questions, complaint or suggestions concerning the Project, address them to the project contact persons Mr. Mamadvaliev T.G. Project Manager, Mr. Kuziev J.,- Head PIU or to Muydinova D.B., Head of Department "Environmental assessment" in Fergana Province Natural Protection Committee). All suggestions, questions, and complaint will be registered in the registration book and delivered to experts for feedback.

10. The 1st Round of the Public Consultations ended at 11:55 after attending to all the isues

and comments made by the participants. The paper advertisement made in respect of the Dangara Public Consultation meeting is attached below.

79

80

81

List of participators of the Public Consultations conducted in Dangara district of Fergana Province on April 15 2011

82

83

84

№ First name, Last name, Father's

name Work place

1 Sotimov Sh Chief of PSM

2 Sodikov Kh. Head D-10

3 Kilichiev M. Head of Syrdarya PS

4 Yusupov S. Head of Shur Akkul PS

5 Begmatov B. Head of Kipchak PS

6 Kayumov A. Main engineer of DPS

7 Mamatov R. Head of K.Sattarov canal

8 Abdullaev M. Head of ZRS

9 Ortikov Ab. Inspector

10 Ortikov A. Inspector

11 Abdurakhmonov J. Inspector

12 Yuldashev A. Inspector

13 Khusanov Uy. Head of Syrdarya SISM

14 Meliboev M. Hydrometer of WUA

15 Ismoilov I. Accountant of WUA

16 Yuldashev R. Inspector of WUA

17 Eshmatov V. Inspector of WUA

18 Hamrakulov S. Inspector of WUA

19 Zohidov U. Inspector of WUA

20 Ergasheva M. Economist of WUA

21 Tojiboeva B. Work leader of WUA

22 Abdusattarov I. Inspector of WUA

23 Turdimatov A. Inspector of WUA

24 Askarov Yu. "Yaltir" Kishlok comittee

85

25 Rakhimberdiev M. Unemployed

26 Temirov Yu. Chief of farm

27 Haydarov A. Chief of farm

28 Mamatova M. Chief of farm

29 Ruzmatova M. Chief of farm

30 Aliev A.

Chief of kishlok committee "Oktor"

31 Abdurakhmonov N. Chief of farm

32 Tojiboev T.

Security of kishlok committee "Toptik soroy"

33 Ahmedov S.

Security of kishlok committee "Kichik turk"

34 Abdusattarov M. Chief of farm

35 Toshmatov A. Chief of farm

36 Mirzaev Yu. Chairman of Syrdarya MMTP

37 Makhkamov B. Chief of farm

38 Husanov B. Editorial staff of "Dangara"

39 Azizova G. Teacher of DAIC

40 Makhkamova E. Teacher of DAIC

41 Sotimova R. Consultant

42 Siddikova H. Consultant

43 Makhkamova Sh. Consultant

44 Azizova A. Secretary

45 Makhmudova D. Consultant

46 Tojiboeva B. Accountant of WUA

47 Ergasheva M. Accountant of WUA

48 Mamatova M. Chief of farm

49 Haytmatova Hamidahon Student

50 Kholmirzaeva Ijozat Student

86

51 Abdullaeva Nafisa Student

52 Alimatova Marifat Student

53 Korabaeva Nodira Student

54 Kholmirzaeva Ugiloy Student

55 Makhkamova Odina Student

56 Toshpulatov Arabjon Student

57 Mamadaliev Zarif Student

58 Akbarov Bekzod Student

59 Mamurov Asror Student

60 Rustamov Elmurod Student

61 Goziev Zarkor Student

62 Soliev Anvarjon Student

63 Murodov Diyer Student

64 Islomov Abbos Student

65 Aminov Husanboy Student

66 Rahmonov Davron Student

67 Muhamedov Ilhom Student

68 Umarov Bekzod Student

69 Satimov Miralim Student

70 Karshiboev Mashrab Student

71 Olimov Ilhom Student

72 Abdunazarov Jahongir Student

73 Mardonov Husanboy Student

74 Issomiddinov Alimbek Student

75 Ulmasov Dodahon Student

76 Hamrakulov Shohobiddin Teacher

77 Kuziev Vokos Student

78 Muminov Yamnar Student

79 Holboyev Mirjamol Student

87

80 Umarov Ashuraly Student

81 Yuldoshev Daston Student

82 Mamajonov Elyer Student

Presentation made for Public consultation in Fergana province is given below

88

СубпроектСубпроект ««ДангараДангара»»

►►ВВ подземнойподземной частичасти машинногомашинного залазала

кабеликабели, , опорыопоры ии кабельныекабельные траншеитраншеи

устарелиустарели, , нене закрепленызакреплены должнымдолжным

образомобразом ии висятвисят наднад головамиголовами рабочихрабочих, ,

чточто можетможет привестипривести кк повреждениюповреждению

электрическойэлектрической цепицепи илиили несчастнымнесчастным

случаямслучаям. .


►►ВВ зданииздании насоснойнасосной станциистанции имеютсяимеются

раздевалкараздевалка ии комнатакомната отдыхаотдыха, , ноно ониони нини

разуразу нене ремонтировалисьремонтировались. . НеНе имеетсяимеется

никакихникаких санитарныхсанитарных помещенийпомещений, , включаявключая

туалетытуалеты. . ПоэтомуПоэтому, , важноважно включитьвключить

требованиятребования попо здоровьюздоровью ии безопасностибезопасности

людейлюдей, , работающихработающих нана насоснойнасосной станциистанции, ,

вово времявремя реабилитационныхреабилитационных работработ. .


►► ВВ ходеходе работработ попо реализацииреализации проектапроектаэкологамиэкологами--экспертамиэкспертами былбыл составленсоставлен документдокументЗВОСЗВОС ((ЗаявлениеЗаявление оо ВоздействииВоздействии нанаОкружающуюОкружающую СредуСреду), ), вв соответствиисоответствии сс закономзаконом««ОбОб экологическойэкологической экспертизеэкспертизе»» иипостановлениемпостановлением КБКБ РеспубликиРеспублики УзбекистанУзбекистан №№491, 491, предоставленпредоставлен вв ФерганскийФерганский комитеткомитет попоохранеохране природыприроды, , вв отделотдел ЭкологическойЭкологическойэкспертизыэкспертизы ии вв январеянваре 2011 2011 годагода былобылополученополучено согласованиесогласование нана осуществлениеосуществлениеданногоданного проектапроекта. .

СпасибоСпасибо заза вниманиевнимание


ВидыВиды воздействиявоздействия нана окружающуюокружающую

средусреду

Сдача в пункты "Вторчермета"ПочваУстаревшее

оборудование

Проводить гидрообеспыливаниеАтмосф. воздухПыль

Специальные цистерны для сбора

отработанных масел и их

утилизация

Почва, водаГСМ

Воздействие на рабочих и

операторов, работающих с

оборудованием – будут обеспечены

специальным оборудованием,

защищающим от шума.

Органы слухаШум

Бетонные обломки будут

использованы при ремонте

инспекторской дороги

Загрязнение почвыБетонные отходы

Меры по предотвращениюОбъект

воздействия

Вид воздействия


►►СохСох--СырдарьинскоеСырдарьинское БУИСБУИС

►►ГлавноеГлавное УправлениеУправление ПроектомПроектом

гг..ТашкентТашкент, , улул. . НавоиНавои, 4, 444,, 100021100021

Tel.: +998 71 242Tel.: +998 71 242--9595--3131

EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@gmail.com

89

Photos of the Public Consultation

90

91

92

ANNEX - C: ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE GRANTED BY PROVINCIAL NATURE PROTECTION COMMITTEE

93

94

95

Environmental Clearance for the Dangara Subproject by State Committee for Nature

Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Ferghana Region Committee

712006, 39/41, Y.Sakkokiy street, Ferghana city

Fax, Phone: 224-14-03 ; 224-86-41

e-mail: [email protected]

The conclusion

Ferghana City , № 216/01 " 24 " 01 2011

Project: The Initial Environmental Examination of the subproject "Dangara" in the Ferghana

Region on reconstruction of pump station "Dangara".

The client: The management group of the project "Water Resources Management in Ferghana

and Zarafshan valleys" at the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Republic of

Uzbekistan. The chief of the project: T.G.Mamadvaliev.

The Developer: the International Consulting company "Dongshin Engineering and Consultants

Co. Ltd.". T

he chief of the project T.G.Mamadvaliev.

Copy: to the chief of Dangara district inspection on protection of a nature V.Ganiev.

For state ecological examination, the client has submitted the "Initial Environmental

Examination" of the project on reconstruction of pump station "Dangara", located in Dangara

district in conducting of "Sokh-Syrdarya basin management by irrigation systems".

The project is subject to 3rd category of economic activity - low risk.

The pump station "Dangara" is located in Dangara district on the left bank of the trans-boundary

Syrdarya river. The pump station was constructed in 1962 and is equipped with 4 pump units.

Pump units have a combined capacity of 10 m3/sec with rise of water to 10 m. Water from the

Syrdarya river come from an intake canal of about 1150 m long. During testing, the worn out

pump units worked not in complete capacity, and only 1,5 - 1,75 m3/sec were pumped.

At reconstruction of pump station "Dangara" the following activities will be carried out:

- Repair of a pump station building;

- Repair of water intake system, gates and replacement of metal pipes;

- Replacement of all electrical systems and installation of the new equipment;

- Installation of pump units on the new foundations and repair of the concrete floor of

station;

- The existing pump units and electric motors are replaced with new equipments;

- Replacement of the power transformer by capacity 100 kW, A 6/0.4;

- Clearing of 12,8 km of the machine canal with depth 1,15 m;

96

- Reconstruction of 2,3 km of concrete lining is expected, and also 14,8 km of the unlined

canal will be lined;

- Reconstruction of mud flow drains under crossing the machine canal.

The scope of work of the project will include following quantities:

- Rehabilitation of pump intake chamber and replacement of pipes will result in about 300

m3 of earth material;

- Water proofing of the pump house will result in about 5000 m3 of earth material;

- De-silting of the machine canal will result in 16400 m3 of earth material

- All above activities will result in a total 21700 m3 earth;

- For rehabilitation of the machine canal and inspection road. It will be needed about

11000 m3 of earth material;

- For concrete lining of the canals and repair of the building of pump station, it is required

5800 m3 of a concrete mixture;

- Concrete waste in replacing damaged sections of the canal is about 3800 m3.

The mitigation measures for negative impact on environment are developed considering the

following:

At the pumping station, 4 men work 153 days in one year.

The following measures the recommended to mitigate the impacts of the project on environment

during reconstruction and operation:

During construction, removed concrete and reinforcement material at the pump station

(from the foundations of pump units, concrete floor, etc.) and removal of damaged

concrete lining in canals are not allowed to dispose by burying underground;

Earth material excavated during de-silting of canals, waterproofing of pump station

building, repair/replacement of intake chamber and delivery pipes must be piled up and

then used for backfilling;

Allocate 34.04 m3 of water need for annual consumption of employees of the pump

house; water should be available for sanitary purposes of them.

There is no sewerage network available in the area and water seal cesspits with

waterproof concrete must be provided at the pump station. These cesspits must be

emptied at regular intervals though the regional division of DSEDM;

There should be no sources of contamination of water In the project sites;

Waste generated during construction and operation (e.g. food waste, polyethylene bags

etc.) must be collected in containers and dispose at satisfactory time intervals to the

regional dump yards;

Welding of metal pipes and other welding works during the construction will result in

atmosphere emissions of manganese, welding aerosol, ferric oxide and other harmful

substances, which have negative impacts, but the levels will not be high to cause any

significant impacts;

It is expected, that during the construction period, the machines working on petrol and

diesel fuel will cause temporary impacts on atmosphere due to pollution by hydrocarbon

(carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide and others). However, emissions will only be of local

importance and no significant impacts will result;

In the project, during construction and operation phase, the following measures must be

97

adhered to as required.

During the final stages of construction, it is necessary to carry out measures related to

improvement of aesthetics and gardening of the site;

The project "The Initial Environmental Examination" is prepared according to the law of

Republic of Uzbekistan about "Ecological Examination" and all Appendices;

During construction and operation of the project, for protection of an environment, it is

necessary to carry out the following ecological measures:

During construction and operation of project not to wash machines and equipments in

open waterways;

Not to dump or pour out petroleum from machines and equipments on the ground;

Carry out measures on improvement and gardening of a site;

Provide in the project site a warehouse to store potential mercury pollutants

(luminescent lamps) for recycling (de-mercerization) at the special enterprises;

Collection of waste in special places for their processing and reuse as raw material;

It is forbidden to carry out illegal cutting down of decorative trees in road avenues;

Dumping of household wastewater in open reservoirs and irrigation system is banned

.

Taking into account all above mentioned requirements, Ferghana State Ecological Examination

having considered "The Initial Environmental Examination" approve the implementation of the

project decisions on reconstruction of pump station "Dangara" in the Ferghana Region.

The control of observance of the requirements of the conclusion of Ecological examination is

assigned on Dangara district inspection on nature protection.

The conclusion of Ecological examination is valid from the date of registration for a period of 3

years.

The head of committee

98

ANNEX - D: PHOTOS

Syrdarya River close to the intake of Dangara

Intake canal (pump station at the end)

Section of Machine Canal

Section of Machine Canal

Section of Machine Canal/ inspection road

Dangara Pump Station