Initial Environmental Examination · 2014-09-29 · Map 2.2: Koppal District in Karnataka Map ... Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required ... nature of the proposed infrastructure

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Final Project Number: 38254 September 2010

India: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)—Koppal CMC Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation For the Government of Karnataka North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka

North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Package II – Bellary

Tranche II Sub-Projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Final

SEPTEMBER 2010

Span Consultants Private Limited

NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)

KUIDFC SPAN

ACRONYMS

ADB : Asian Development Bank

ASI : Archeological Survey of India

ASP : Activated Sludge Process

BM : Bituminous Macadam

CMC : City Municipal Council

DI : Ductile Iron

DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon

GI : Galvanized Iron

GoI : Government of India

GoK : Government of Karnataka

HH : Households

IA : Implementing Agency

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Financial Corporation

KUWS&DB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board

MLD : Million Litre per Day

MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests

MSL : Mean Sea Level

MSS : Mix Seal Surface

NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

NOC : No Objection Certificate

NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen

OM : Operations Manual

O&M : Operation and Maintenance

PC : Program consultant

PMU : Program Monitoring Unit

PWD : Public Works Department

SS : Suspended solids

STP : Sewage Treatment Plant

UGD : Underground Drainage

WHO : World Health Organization

WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization


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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance ..................................................................... 1

1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination .......................................................... 2

1.4 Scope of IEE study..................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Report Structure ......................................................................................................... 3

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS ................ 4

2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program ...................................................................... 4

2.2 Investment program Components .............................................................................. 4

2.3 Project Location………………………………………………………………….....7

2.4 Type of Project ........................................................................................................... 7

2.5 Need for the Project ................................................................................................... 7

2.6 Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Koppal CMC ........................................... 9

2.6.1Sewerage and Sanitation System ............................................................................... 9

2.7 Improvement Proposals for Koppal CMC ................................................................. 9

2.7.1Sewerage System ....................................................................................................... 9

2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation .................................................................... 20

2.9 Investment Program Alternatives ............................................................................ 20

2.10 Investment Program Benefits ................................................................................... 21

3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................ 23

3.1 Physical Resources................................................................................................... 23

3.1.1 Topography and Soils ........................................................................................... 23

3.1.2

Atmosphere......................................................................................................…...24

3.1.3 Geology and Seismology ....................................................................................... 24

3.2 Ecological Resources ............................................................................................... 24

3.3 Economic Development ........................................................................................... 25

3.4 Social and Cultural Resources ................................................................................. 25

3.4.1 Population and Community ................................................................................. 25

3.4.2 Household size ....................................................................................................... 27

3.4.3 Sex Ratio ................................................................................................................ 27


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3.4.4 Literacy Rate ......................................................................................................... 27

3.4.5 Occupation ............................................................................................................. 27

3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate ........................................................................... 28

3.4.8 Major Socio Economic Facilities ............................................................................ 29

3.4.9 Physical or Cultural heritage .............................................................................. 30

3.4.10 Land Use .............................................................................................................. 29

3.4.11 Historic and Cultural Places .............................................................................. 30

3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP .... 30

4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES................................................................................................. 32

4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 32

4.2 Location Impacts ..................................................................................................... 32

4.3 Design Impacts......................................................................................................... 32

4.4 Construction Impacts ............................................................................................... 33

4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts ........................................................ 33

4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts ......................................................... 33

5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

PLANS .................................................................................................................................... 44

5.1 Institutional Requirements ....................................................................................... 44

5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans ............................................................................. 49

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ........................... 62

7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 64

7.1 Findings.................................................................................................................... 66

7.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................... 66

8. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 67


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List of Tables

Table 1.1:Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components ........................... 2

Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka .............................................................. 7

Table 2.3: Proposal for sewerage system of the program ........................................................ 13

Table 2.4: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP ....................................... 13

Table 2.5: Details of land proposed for SPS/LS/MPS ............................................................. 14

Table 2.6: Design Parameters of STP ...................................................................................... 17

Table 2.7: Investment Program Alternatives ........................................................................... 21

Table 3.1: Demography of Koppal CMC ................................................................................ 27

Table 3.2: Details of Population Density ................................................................................. 26

Table 3.3: Population growth ................................................................................................... 27

Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 ............................................................................ 28

Table 3.5: Existing Socio Economic Conditions .................................................................... 29

Table 3.6: Existing land Use (2001 - Existing) ........................................................................ 29

Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts ..................................................... 331

Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system for the

Koppal ULB ..................................................................................................................... 43

Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan ............................................................................................ 43

Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities.................................................................. 47

Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) ...................................................................... 48

Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System .......................................... 50

Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers ....................................... 58

Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) ........................................................... 61

Table 6.1: Public Comments and mitigation measures ........................................................... 63


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List of Maps

Map 2.1: Location of Karnataka in India……………………………………………………...5

Map 2.2: Koppal District in Karnataka Map ............................................................................. 5

Map 2.3: Koppal CMC Base Map ............................................................................................. 6

Map 2.4: Sewerage Network in Koppal CMC ......................................................................... 12

Map 2.5: Proposed Sewerage Network in Koppal CMC ......................................................... 15

Map 2.6: STP site Location Map ............................................................................................. 18

Map 2.7: Proposed STP

layout……………………………………………………………….199

List of Figures

Fig. 2.1: Koppal; City Municipal Council ................................................................................. 6

Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy .................................................... 455

Photo. 6.1: Public Consultation ............................................................................................... 64

Appendices Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage System………..i


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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure

Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka

urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank

(ADB) assistance. Seven ULBs have been considered for the Package IV – Bellary

under NKUSIP. They include Bellary, Hospet, Raichur, Chamrajnagar, Koppal,

Sindhnur, Gangavathi ULBs. The poor infrastructure facilities and services such as

water supply, sewerage and sanitation and risk of infectious diseases in the project area

forces NKUSIP to select Koppal ULB for improvement. The primary objective of

NKUSIP is to promote economic development in North Karnataka through urban

infrastructure provision, focusing on the improvement of environmental sanitation and

public health through equitable distribution of urban basic services that are

environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. This will also enhances the

quality life of people.

2. The aim of Investment Program is to improve the environmental condition of urban

areas. However, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert

certain adverse impacts on the natural environment during construction and Operation

stages. Impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than

impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. However, the provision

of sewage treatment plant may exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if

due care is not taken. Most of the impacts are activity-specific. Nevertheless, if due care

is taken during the construction phase, negative impacts due to investment Program will

be far outweighed by positive impacts.

1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance

3. The environmental regulations and mandatory requirement for sub-components

proposed for Koppal town are indicated in Table 1.1. The table indicates that as far as

GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not

need to go thorough environmental assessment process; however, as specified below,

few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities.


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Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub-

component Applicability of Act/Guidelines

Compliance Criteria

Sewerage and Sanitation

Sewage Treatment Plant

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 & 1978

Consent for Establishment and Consent for Operation from KSPCB

All Sectors (Urban drainage, urban roads, slum up-gradation, non-municipal components-fire services, etc.)

All Sub-components

The Environmental Policy and Operations Manual (OM) 20: Environmental Considerations in ADB Operation. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003

Categorization of sub-project component into A, B or C and developing required level of environmental assessment for each component.

4. According to ADB guidelines (2003), environmental assessment of a proposed project

is at the initial stages of Investment Program (Preparatory Stage). As per the ADB

Guidelines, the proposed project components are categorized into A, B or C category

projects to establish the level of environmental assessment needed to address potential

environmental impacts. It is understood from the IEE study that there are no significant

potential environmental impacts from the proposed Investment Program. Therefore, an

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required for this development project

(Category A is ruled out). However, the study reveals that there are less significant

impacts of the project on the environment and are of short duration. Therefore, only

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required (Category B is considered).

Category ‘C’ is not applicable since IEE is required for the program components.

Hence, IEE has been carried out with identification of potential impacts and necessary

feasible mitigation measures with due importance given for sustainable environment.

1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination

5. The purpose of IEE in the urban improvement program sub-projects is to fulfill the

ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans. Owing to the scale and

nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the

NKUSIP sub-project towns, almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to

have adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental

Assessment Guidelines, the sub-project components proposed in Koppal town under


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NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and accordingly, initial environmental examination

(IEE) has been carried out.

1.4 Scope of IEE study

6. The IEE is one of the effective tools in the development project to implement the

required development activities in an eco-friendly mode. The IEE report has been

prepared mainly based on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance

surveys; no field environmental monitoring survey was conducted. Stakeholder

consultation was an integral part of the IEE.

1.5 Report Structure

7. This Report is framed with 8 Sections including this Introduction Chapter:

1. Introduction

2. Project Description

3. Environmental Description

4. Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

5. Institutional requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plans

6. Public consultation and Information Disclosure

7. Findings and Recommendations

8. Conclusions


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2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS

2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program

8. The lack/inadequacy of certain basic facilities along with poor quality of environment

and life in northern part of Karnataka has forced North Karnataka Urban Sector

Investment Program (NKUSIP) to be initiated. The developmental goal of NKUSIP is

to provide financial assistance to ULBs for necessary basic facilities in Municipal

Corporations and to facilitate economic growth in the surrounding areas. The goal of

the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper distribution of

urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable.

2.2 Investment program Components

9. The goal of the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper

distribution of urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation

sustainable. The Investment Program Components are listed below:

i. Water supply

ii. Sewerage and Sanitation

iii. Storm water drainage (Drainage Up-gradation)

iv. Urban roads

v. Poverty Alleviation (Slum infrastructure improvement)

vi. Non-municipal infrastructure – Fire services, Lake Development and

Tourism

2.3 Project Location

10. Koppal town is one of the important and rapidly growing towns in Koppal district and it

is the second largest town in the district. It is an important commercial centre. Its main

economic base is agriculture due to better irrigation facilities under Tungabhadra

project. The town has high growth potential due to its geographical location and

Historical background.

11. Koppal is situated at 150 35’ North latitude and 760 15’ East longitudes. The altitude of

the place is 532 to 578 m above the mean sea level. Koppal city is popularly called as

gateway to North Karnataka. Koppal is well connected by both roadway and railway to

Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai and Hyderabad. The town has locational advantage of

being situated on the Guntakal-Hubli broad gauge railway line. National Highway-63

connecting Hubli to Bellary passes through the town. Distances to important cities of


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the state like Hubli is 150 Kms, Gulbarga 400Kms, Mangalore 410Kms and Mysore

500 Kms. Koppal town Municipal Council has its jurisdiction up to an area of 28.78 sq. km,

housing a population of 56,145 within 31 wards. As per 2001 census, the population of Koppal

town is 56,145 and the no. of households is 9636. The population as per 20011 census is

72,962.

Map: 2.1 Location of Karnataka State in INDIA

Map: 2.2 Koppal District in Karnataka State, INDIA


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Map 2.3: Koppal CMC Base Map

Fig. 2.1: Koppal City Municipal Council


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12. The geography of the Koppal CMC includes Tunga Bhadra Dam within 35 Km from the town.

The town is situated on gentle ground slope towards the south. A hillock abuts the town

on all along western side and stretches for a considerable length on southern side also.

13. Koppal CMC is Grade – I CMC situated 370 km from Bangalore North West of Karnataka state

and is the headquarters of Koppal District. Koppal District is bound by Raichur district on the

East, Koppal district on the South, Haveri states on the West and Gadag state on the North.

2.4 Type of Project

14. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project in which the project

improves health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by

facilitating basic infrastructure facilities such as water supply, underground drainage

(UGD) facility and storm water drainage.

2.5 Need for the Project

15. Insufficient basic facilities and demand for the same due to increased population year

by year and lack of proper technological systems in Koppal CMC have resulted in

environmental pollution, poor sanitation and public health problems such as water

borne diseases and other associated health risks. This condition demands for the

proposed Investment Program component in Koppal ULB. As per the State of

Environment Report (SOER), Dept. of Forest, Ecology & Environment, GoK, 2003,

health risks are associated with the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities.

The Table 2.1 presents the health status in Karnataka.

Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka

Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Hepatitis Typhoid

Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal

1991 17455 691 747 16 -- -- 659 17 -- --

1992 15262 608 402 14 -- -- 282 17 -- --

1993 16206 855 424 13 -- -- 678 07 26047 01

1994 15932 325 304 10 -- -- 382 00 20349 00

1995 18645 396 532 38 -- -- 7146 01 10250 00

1996 22983 377 657 06 -- -- 1332 06 22221 12

1997 23665 361 714 10 67 02 1714 04 3880 05

1998 23881 501 434 02 01 00 3824 02 2435 00

1999 17743 126 134 03 54 02 4792 02 24356 01


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2000 31132 265 354 03 03 01 3011 10 27210 00

2001 23893 198 342 01 68 07 5438 28 33346 06

2002 25218 146 384 00 27 00 4578 15 42936 02

Source: SOER, 2003

16. The Koppal ULB specific components of the program are given below:

i) Sewerage and Sanitation

ii) Waste Supply will be taken care Urban Infrastructure Water supply &

Drainage Board

iii) Urban Drainage (Storm Water Drainage) will be taken care Urban

Infrastructure Water supply & Drainage Board

iv) Urban Roads (either by ULB/PWD)

v) Non-Municipal Infrastructure (Fire Services and Tourism)

17. Out of the above components, those considered under Tranche 2 are as follows;

Table 2.2: Components under Tranche 2

Infrastructure components Description Location Sewerage and sanitation Laying of new sewers

for about 119 km.

Construction of

Sewage treatment plant

for 9.00 MLD

(Intermediate Phase).

House connections

8000 Nos.

Koppal CMC limits

18. The structural components of the investment program lie in the city area and most of

UGD lines of the proposed project passes along the existing road tracks and leads to

natural nallahs. As a whole, the project does not fall in any restricted areas, wildlife

national parks, and any other places where the law of the land prohibits any

construction activities. In addition, the scale of human settlement or human lives

affected because of project activities is quite insignificant.


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2.6 Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Koppal CMC

2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System

19. Koppal town does not have any sewerage system. Individual septic tanks and dry

latrines provide the disposal system for the human waste. The domestic wastewater

flows through the roadside drains into the nallahs and pollutes the water courses.

20. At present, there is no scientific sewage disposal system in Koppal town. Only about 30% of

house holds have septic tank facilities. Remaining population is using open defection which

leads un-hygienic conditions in the town. Most of the sewage is directly disposing in to open

drains without proper treatment. It is notice sewage stagnation most parts of the city which the

main source for mosquito breading and is the main cause for the spreading the water bound

disease. The town is expected good growth and the expected total population of the town by

2026 is about 93,737. The total expected sewage by year 2026 is 9.00 MLD.

Latrines

1. No. of Private latrines with septic tanks -500.

2. No. of Public latrines – 47 tanks

For functioning of these latrines water is provided in water tanks constructed near the latrines.

The tank is filled through CMC water tap or by water tankers.

3. No. of dry latrines--22

4. No. of Flush latrines without septic tanks – 3478

21. Because of the lack of adequate sanitation facilities, the quality of the surface water and

shallow ground water sources are affected. The impacts of human waste on public

health are spread of water borne diseases, mosquito menace and other associated

diseases.

2.7 Improvement Proposals for Koppal CMC

2.7.1 Sewerage System

22. Sewerage and Sanitation component is designed to provide underground drainage

(UGD) facilities for domestic wastewater (sewage) in Koppal CMC. The objective of

sewerage and sewage treatment and disposal system is to ensure human excreta and

other wastewater is properly collected and disposed off without causing any health risks

or environmental problems.


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23. The following are the important components of the underground drainage system

sewage collection system, sewage pumping stations, pumping main, sewage treatment

plant and sewage Water disposal system. As per the scope of the project, it is proposed

to design and lay new sewers for a length of 60 kilometer. Based on the survey map

various zones have been identified. The proposed sewage collection system for the

project city has been designed to the extent possible by gravity flow (minimizing the no.

of lift/pumping stations) based on contributing population and proportionate sewage

generated in the branch lines. In order to restrict the depth of cutting to 6.00 mts,

proposals are made to draw the sewage to one sewage pumping station (Near Thayamma

Devi Temple on Baggayanagar road) and 1 pumping station (Near Govt Primary School at

Nirmathi Kendra area). Sewage collected at each Sewage Pump Station / Lift station shall

be conveyed to the Main Sewage Pump Station, from where it shall be pumped to the

STP for treatment. The treated sewage from the treatment plant is let into the nearby-

irrigated land or nallah.

24. As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is falling gradient from

South to North and turn to East to West portion of the town. Hence from practical point

of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on the

West side of the town and near Hirehalla.

25. As topography of the town is sloped from South to North and turn towards East to West

The collection system has been divided into two zones based on the topography. Zone 2

is located in the core area where population density is high and consequent development

potential is presently high.

26. The part of Zone 2 will be taken up for implementation in this project where the

population is more and zone 1 are recommended to be taken up for future development.

Sewage collected through the network of laterals and branch sewers shall flow by

gravity towards the South to North and turn towards East to West of the city.

Zone I: This zone is in the southern side of town and covers parts of ward 1,3,6,7 and

the other parts of ward 1,3,6,7 comes under zone II and does not come under the

purviews of the Project. The ground profile is sloped from North to South. It is


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proposed to construct one pumping station in this zone on the south side, as contours are

falling against the sewer main.

Zone II: Zone-II is located in the central part of the town and South to North area with the

ground profile sloped from South to North and turn to East to West. The zone covers ward No. 2

to 31 except 3, 6, 7 and part of ward 1, 3, 6 and 7 Sewage from Zone 2 shall be conveyed by

gravity flow.


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Map 2.4: Proposed Sewerage Zones in Koppal CMC


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27. Based on the above consideration, the site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized with an

extent of 11.74 acres. This location is about 2.5 kms from Koppal city. Among the various

technologies it is proposed to adopt FAL technology for this project and 9 MLD capacity STP

will be designed.

28. Sewerage network has been designed for 30 years of design period (2011-2041). The

sewerage network is along the existing roads. No further difficulties in terrain and major

crossings are found for the sewerage network lines. The current proposal includes the

following subcomponents in the design:

Table 2.3: Proposal for sewerage system of the program

Sl. No. Description of works

1. Laying of 119 km new sewer lines including road restoration.

2.

Design, supply, construction, installation, testing and commissioning of a

9.00 MLD (Intermediate) Facultative aerated lagoon (F.A.L.) proper

disposal system satisfying pollution standards.

3. Wet well and pumping machinery for Sewage Pumping Station (55 lps) Near

nala on Chikkasindogi road

4. Wet well and pumping machinery for Sewage Pumping Station (337.4 lps)

at STP Premises

5. House connections 8000 Nos.

Source: DPR

Table 2.4: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP

Source: DPR

Rate of water supply : 100 lpcd

Sewage Flow Anticipated (80% of water supply) : 80 lpcd

Infiltration : 4 lpcd

Total anticipated flow (Intermediate stage) : 9 MLD

Total anticipated flow (Ultimate stage) : 12 MLD

Length of Sewers (proposed now) : 119 km

Wet well : 2 Nos

Pumping stations : PS-2

Treatment Method (proposed) Facultative Aerated Lagoons (FAL)


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Table 2.5: Details of land proposed for SPS/LS/MPS

Source: DPR

Sl.No. Details of SPS/ LS/ MPS Location Details and extent of land required

1. Sewage Pumping Station (SPS)

Near nala on Chikkasindogi road

0.10 Guntas / CMC land

2. Sewage Pumping Station

In STP Premises

3 STP

near Manglapur village on Gadag road

12.0 Acre / Private land


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Map 2.5: Proposed Sewerage Network in Koppal CMC


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Proposed STP 29. As seen from the contours of the Koppal CMC, it can be seen that practically there is

falling gradient from South to North and turn to East to West portion of the town. Hence

from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the

treatment facility on the West side of the town and near Hirehalla. Based on the above

consideration, the site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers

666 and 662 with an extent of 12.0 acres. This is farming land and owned privately.

This location is about 2.5 kms from Koppal city. Among the various technologies it is

proposed to adopt FAL technology for this project and 9.00 MLD capacity STP will be

designed and constructed.

Facultative Aerated Lagoons (FAL)

30. Aerated lagoons are suspended growth biological treatment systems, which are generally

provided in the form of simple earthen basins varying in depth from 2-5 m in which the

mechanical aerators are installed on floats or fixed columns. The mechanical aerators are

used to provide oxygen. Facultative aerated lagoons are those in which some solids may

leave with the treated sewage stream and some settle down in the lagoon. Aeration

power input is just enough for oxygenation and not for keeping all solids in suspension.

As the lower part of such lagoon may be anoxic or anaerobic while the upper layers are

aerobic, the term facultative is used. In general, aerated lagoons are very small (10-20%)

compared to waste stabilization ponds partly because lagoons are deeper and partly

because of the detention, time needed for stabilization is less. This treatment process

requires less land compared to facultative ponds. The main advantages are less area of

land as compared to WSP (Waste Stabilization Pond). Maintenance requirements are

Fig: 2.2 Proposed STP areas


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moderate compared to ASP (Activated Sludge process) method. This method is suitable

for small to medium towns, where land is available at moderate cost. The dimension of

the proposed treatment units (2 Lagoons in Parallel) will be 117 m * 48 m * 4.8 m

(intermediate) and 99 m * 38 m * 4.8 m (ultimate) with water depth of 4.0 m sludge

depth of 0.3 m and free board 0.5 m; inner slope 1.5:1 and outer slope 2:1; and 2 baffles.

The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through surface

aerators 6 nos. of of 15 HP for (intermediate) in each lagoon and surface aerators 6 Nos.

of 15 HP in each lagoon (ultimate). Concrete weirs are planned on the incoming and

outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow from outlet weir shall be

discharged on to nearby irrigated land or nallah.

31. Though the treated sewage in the STP proposal meets the standards of surface water

disposal, the sewage will be let into the nearby-irrigated land/Nallah after satisfying the

requirements of the pollution control board. It is expected that there will be 90%

reduction in BOD and COD values in this treatment method.

Table 2.6: Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Influent Treated

sewage CPCB Standards

for Inland surface water

Design Flow (Intermediate) MLD 9 9 - Design Flow (Ultimate) MLD 12 12 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Mg/l 300 <20 <20

pH - 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.0 Total Coliforms No/100ml 107 <1000 - Detention Time 5 days - Suspended solids - - - <100

Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment

32. There is also a provision to provide buffer zone with green plantation around the STP.

The STP area will be provided with access roads, D.G. Room, lighting, etc. and the total

area will be fenced and entry into the STP premises will be restricted to authorized

persons only. Map 2.7 presents the layout of the proposed STP for Koppal CMC. The

proposal does not pose any environmental risks to river water quality. The proposed

project may enhance the eco-balance of nearby nallahs and water bodies.


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Map 2.6: Location Map STP site

L ayout

Bhagyanagar

G A N DH I N A G A R

K H B C olony

Sadashiva N agar

Basava N agar

R ock area

R ock area

R ock area

R ock area

G L SR

B annikatteB annikatte

Basava N agar

B enk inagar

KA R N A T A KA CE M E N T

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PUM

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POSED

WETW

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146,03

MH-1236GL-517.98 mIL-513.50 m

M H-4005GL-516.50 mIL-513.21 m

MH-4018GL-513.00 mIL-511.12 m

MH-4022GL-511.02 mIL-509.62 m

MH-4066GL-512.04 mIL-509.29 m

MH-4075GL-512.34 mIL-510.66 m

MH-4092GL-514.19 mIL-511.72 m

MH-4100GL-515.03 mIL-512.36 m

Proposed STP8MLD

700mm Ø RCC NP3Trunk Main Pipe

600mm Ø RCC NTrunk Main Pip


KUIDFC 19 SPAN

5 4.57

P R O PO SE D T R U N K M A IN7 00 m m Ø R C C Pipe

8 .16

5 0.00

5 .10

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5 .10

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C O A R S E S C R E E NC H A M B E R

7 00 m m Ø O verflo w p ipe

V A L V E C H A M B E R

W E T W E L L

E L E C T R IC A L C U MG E N E R A T O R R O O M

P R IM A R Y U N IT S

6 0 0 m m Ø , D I P ipe

W alkw ay

O U T L E T C H A M B E R2 .0 0 X 2 .00 M ts.

11 4 .46

9 5.10

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3 .82

2 .50

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P O L IS H IN G PO N D

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F A C U L A T IV EA E R A T E D L A G O O N

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IN L E T C H A M B E R1 .8 0 X 2 .00M TS.

IN F L U E N T C H A M B ER1 .4 0 X 1 .4 0 M T S . (2 N os.)

S CR EE N C H A M B E R5 .0 0 X 1 .0 0 M T S . (2N os)

G R IT C H A M BE R4 .7 0 X 4 .70M T S.

C H A N N EL1 .0 0 X 2 .20M T S.

D IS T R IB U T IO NC H A M B ER

2 .0 0 X 2 .00M T S.

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3 3.81

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Map 2.7: Proposed STP layout


KUIDFC 20 SPAN

2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation

33. Implementation of the program is scheduled to be within a period of 6 years (FY 2009-

10 to FY 2015-16) as directed by KUIDFC. Program works to be completed during this

period include strict scheduling, monitoring and implementation on site.

2.9 Investment Program Alternatives

34. The environmental feasibility/suitability of proposed components of the Investment

Program has been studied based on the location and process/technology for the

components. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use

pattern determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program

components. However, the investment Program components are mostly location

specific. The scope for study on alternatives will be only with reference to technology

adopted, which is also limited. A variety of technologies is available for STPs. Based on

the environmental feasibility a suitable technology has been proposed for the STP. The

ultimate design period is 2041.

Alternatives for the proposed STP

35. Koppal is situated at the foot of the rock, with slope from south to north and east to west of

the town. The following alternatives have been identified to locate the STP site and the

most appropriate alternative (site) is selected in terms of environmental, technical,

social, economical and from maintenance point of view.

36. KUWS& DB has proposed to acquire land for sewage treatment plant on right side of

Gadag road near Hirehalla with in the city limit. The site is located about 2 to 2.50 km

away from the city. As per preliminary site examination it is found that the selected

location is technically suitable for the STP. But proposed site was very near to the

upcoming District Sport Complex. So proposed site has been dropped.

37. Koppal ULB has identified to acquire land for sewage treatment plant on left side of

Gadag road near Hirehalla with in the city limit. As per preliminary site examination it is

found that the selected location is technically, environmentally and socially suitable for

the STP. There is no environmental sensitive area nearby. The site for the proposed


KUIDFC 21 SPAN

treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers 666 and 662. The Resettlement Plan has been

prepared and submitted to the ADB.

38. It is observed that there is no settlement of human habitats with in the selected site. However,

about 12.0 acres of land is proposed for acquisition which is sufficient for to construct 9.00

MLD STP plant with Facultative Aerated Lagoon method.

39. The environmental feasibility of the selected alternatives for the proposed Investment Program

components are given below:

Table 2.7: Investment Program Alternatives

Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives

Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on

Gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and

require less manpower and importantly does not require energy. The natural

gravity is utilized to run the system.

There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either

river discharge or for land disposal after treatment options like attached

growth aerobic or anaerobic systems or suspended growth systems may be

adopted. The availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of

treatment and its operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for

selecting suitable treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to

adopt treatment technologies with minimal operation and maintenance cost.

Based on these considerations, Facultative Aerated Lagoons are proposed for

Koppal town.

STP site location- As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically

there is a falling gradient from south to north. Hence, from practical point of

view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have STP adjacent to the

existing STP site located on left side of Gadag road near Hirehalla with in the

city limit

2.10 Investment Program Benefits

40. Inadequacy and lack of basic infrastructure facilities to the communities of Koppal

ULB; and their adverse impacts on the environment, human health and socio-economic


KUIDFC 22 SPAN

status can be overcome by safe, adequate and proper water supply, underground

sewerage system/sanitation facilities, urban drainage, etc. which will be provided by

NKUSIP. The Investment Program benefits are listed below:

A. Sewerage System Improvements

41. Following are some of the sewerage system improvement benefits to the beneficiaries:

Provision of Sewerage (UGD) and Sanitation facilities

Avoidance of Wastewater pollution at low-lying area

Avoidance of regular choking of drains

Avoidance of impact of flood in low-lying areas

Protection of the water ecosystem

Reduction in risks of ground water contamination

Blockage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage

pools

Reduced risk of treated water supply contamination

Reduced risk of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace

Reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to use of raw sewage for irrigation

Reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields

Availability of treated waste water (sewage) for agricultural purposes

Healthy and hygienic Environment

Improvement in public health quality with better sanitation


KUIDFC 23 SPAN

3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION

3.1 Physical Resources

42. Physical resources of the project area are described in brief in following paragraphs.

3.1.1 Topography

43. The Koppal town is situated on gentle ground slope towards the south. A hillock abuts

the town on all along western side and stretches for a considerable length on southern

side also.

3.1.2 Atmosphere

3.1.2.1 Air Quality

44. Koppal is known for a one of the mineral rich town in Koppal district. There are several

mining and industrial activity carried out in and around the Koppal town which result in

emission of air pollutant in the atmosphere in quantity well within the permissible limit

prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board. The data collected for Bellary district

from Central Pollution Control Board website shows total suspended particulate matter

is in the range of 130.44 to 140.22 microgram per cum metre

3.1.2.2 Climate and Rainfall

45. The climate of the Koppal town is generally dry.

46. The average annual rainfall is 715 mm and the maximum temperature is 41.1° C and

with a minimum temperature of 17.7° C. The summer season starts in the middle of the

February and continues up to the first week of June. The southwest monsoon season

follows there after and stretches up to the end of September. October and November

constitutes the post monsoon season. The period from December to the middle of

February is the cold season. The district on the whole has a dry climate with the period

from November to May being the driest part of the year.

Table 6: Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Temperature (in o C)

Month Long term normal (30 Years) – Mean 2004 (Actual) – Mean Daily

Max Daily Min Highest in

a monthLowest in

a monthMax dail

Min Daily

Jan 31.7 20.3 31.4 14.2 31.4 16.9Feb 33.6 19.6 35.7 15.9 35.9 19.2Mar 35.4 22.3 37.8 18.1 39.7 21.8

April 38.8 23.5 41.4 21.8 39.5 26.0May 39.1 25.8 41.1 21.6 37.3 24.9


KUIDFC 24 SPAN

June 34.7 25.2 36.4. 20.4 34.5 24.5July 35.3 24.4 34.7 21.9 33.5 23.7Aug 31.3 22.5 34.0 20.7 31.7 24.3Sep 30.7 23.0 33.9 19.6 32.2 21.5Oct 30.5 22.3 33.0 19.4 32.1 22.3Nov 30.2 20.6 32.7 18.2 -- --Dec 29.7 17.2 31.9 14.4 -- --

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore

3.1.2.3 Humidity

47. Humidity in the Koppal town is 54%.

Table 7: Climatological Characteristics of Koppal Month Long term normal (30 Years) – 2004 – Actual

RH Max

RH Min

Wind Speed

Total Rainfall

Mean RH0830 Hrs

Mean RH 1730 Hrs

Total Rainfall

% % Kmph Mm % % MmJan 72 38 4.9 0.4 69 39 0.0Feb 60 31 5.6 0.7 53 31 0.0Mar 53 27 5.9 3.3 48 25 0.0

April 56 30 6.7 25.4 57 35 71.0May 64 37 10.3 63 71 47 34.0June 71 53 13.4 52.2 70 53 40.0July 76 62 14.1 55.6 71 55 1.8Aug 76 61 13.5 50.7 67 54 0.7Sep 77 57 11.1 124.4 77 61 60.0Oct 75 56 5.6 109.8 77 63 5.0

Nov 72 50 4.8 30 -- -- --Dec 74 45 4.4 13.7 -- -- --

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore

3.1.4 Geology & Seismology

48. The surface stratum of the town is composed of murrum soil mixed with granite

boulders out cropping at several places. As per the seismic zoning map of India, the

Koppal town falls under the Zone II, which is the lowest earth quake risk zone in India.

This zone is termed as “low damage risk zone”.

3.2 Flora and Fauna/Ecological Resources

49. There are no forest areas in and around the town and there are no sensitive

environmental features such as National Parks, Wetlands, and Biosphere Reserves in the

Bellary District. No endangered/protected species of either flora or fauna are found in

the town and their surroundings.


KUIDFC 25 SPAN

3.3 Economy

50. With increased irrigation facilities by canals, tanks, wells and bore wells, agriculture is

the main economic base of the town. The area under irrigated land in Koppal taluk is

5,285 acres, out of which 4,702 acres of land is irrigated by Tungabhadra Left Bank

Canal. It is also known for trade in Jowar, bajra, groundnut, cotton, oils seeds and other

food grains. A few industries have come up in the northern part of the town along the

national highway. There are, however, no large and medium scale industries in the town.

3.4 Social and Cultural Resources

3.4.1 Population and Community

51. Population: Koppal population has grown tremendously from 44,602 in 1991 to 56,145

in 2001 .The highest and lowest population growth rates recorded were 3.42 percent

during 1931-1941and 0.83 percent during1921- 1931. Details of decadal population

growth are indicated in the table 3.1 below.

Table 3.1: Demography of Koppal CMC Particular Details

Geographical area 28.78 Sq.km

District Koppal

Grade of Municipality Grade-I

Initial year of functioning -

Number of wards (2007) 31

Total population (2001) 56,145

Number of house holds (2001) 9,636

Number of Slum households / population (2007) 7657/46,307

Sex Ratio (2001) 958

Literacy Rate in % 62.44%

52. The population density for Koppal town is 1,951 persons per sq. km. at present. This is

shows a decline in density from 2,954 persons per sq. km. in 1991. This is due to an

increase in town area from 15.1 sq. km to 28.78 sq. km. The town has new extensions

namely B.T. Patel Nagar, Kalyananagar, Sathyadanapura, Gandhinagar, Janata Colony

and Gavisiddeshwara temple area.


KUIDFC 26 SPAN

The following table shows decade wise population density.

Year Population Area Density Density

Variation Sq. Km Persons/sq. Km % Growth

1991 44,602 15.10 2,954 - 2001 56,145 28.78 1,951 (-)33.95

Ward wise density of population The following table indicates the ward wise density of population as per 2001 census.

Table 3.2: Details of population density – Ward wise

Sl. No.

Ward No.

Population 2001

Built up area in

Hectares

Population Density per Hectares.

1 1 2390 41.61 57 2 2 2033 4.74 429 3 3 1669 305.11 7.0 4 4 1320 13.16 103 5 5 2611 4.40 593 6 6 1242 6.66 186 7 7 2735 15.69 174 8 8 1877 48.94 38 9 9 1354 14.18 103 10 10 1880 7.03 268 11 11 2772 10.54 263 12 12 906 8.97 101 13 13 1681 18.08 93 14 14 1794 2.35 762 15 15 1254 2.61 480 16 16 1973 12.92 153 17 17 2527 2.87 881 18 18 2072 8.58 241 19 19 1828 21.30 86 20 20 2502 12.92 194 21 21 2689 18.24 147 22 22 1934 63.65 58 23 23 2625 63.00 59 24 24 2496 9.40 266 25 25 2520 96.64 29 26 26 1772 101.38 18 27 27 1934 30.77 63 28 28 546 167.14 3 29 29 576 283.36 2 30 30 329 9.38 35 31 31 369 7.53 220

Total 56,210 Source:

CMC


KUIDFC 27 SPAN

53. The lowest density of 2.00 PPH. was found in ward no.29 against the maximum of 881

PPH in ward no.17. The old core area is most congested with the density varying from

593 PPH. to 881 PPH. Causing congestion and deterioration in environmental condition.

Its situation warns the development of peripheral area by providing appropriate urban

infrastructure facilities.

Table 3.3: Population growth Year Population (No.s) Growth Rate (%)

1901 13,029 -

1911 11,961 -0.85

1921 12,443 0.40

1931 14,986 1.88

1941 15,940 0.62

1951 20,865 2.73

1961 24,017 1.42

1971 29,981 2.24

1981 38,542 2.54

1991 48,111 2.24

2001 57,887 1.87

3.4.2 Household size

54. In Koppal town there were about 7,420 houses in 1991. Presently, the number of

housing units amount to 9,636 in 2001. The household size for Koppal town is 5.8,

which is lower than the national average household size of 6.3 (Census 2001).

3.4.3 Sex Ratio

55. The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male populations) in Koppal town is

958, which is lower than the district figure of 978 but higher than the state urban average

of 940

3.4.4 Literacy Rate

56. In 2001, the literacy rate (percent of literate population to the total population above six

years of age) in the town was 71.61 percent. The literacy rate in Koppal town is higher

than that of the district as a whole (55.02 percent) and a little more than the state urban


KUIDFC 28 SPAN

average of 71.4 percent. The male and female literacy rate was 80.41 percent and 62.44

percent, respectively

3.4.5 Occupation

57. With increased irrigation facilities by canals, tanks, wells and bore wells, agriculture is

the main economic base of the town. It is also known for trade in Jowar, Bajra,

Groundnut, cotton, oils seeds and other food grains. A few industries have come up in

the northern part along national highway. There are, however, no large and medium

scale industries in the town.

3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate

58. The table indicates the maximum number of 3,327 persons (7.46 percent of the total work

force), are engaged in other services, 2,728 persons (6.12 percent) are engaged in trade and

commerce and 1,779 persons (3.99 percent) are agricultural labors. This is clearly an

indicative of economic base in Koppal depends on trade and commerce and other services.

However, the most alarming feature of occupation pattern is the large number of Non

workers, which needs some inputs from industrial and trade and commerce sectors.

Table: 3.4 Workforce Participation

Description 1991 %

Total

Cultivators 1653 3.77

Agricultural Labors 1779 3.99

Livestock, Forestry,

Fishing, etc.

109 .24

Mining and Quarrying- 248 0.56

Manufacturing and

Processing in

household Industries

612 1.37

Manufacturing and

processing other than

HH Industries

1689 3.79

Construction Workers 525 1.18

Trade and Commerce 2778 6.12

Transport, Storage &

Communication

873 1.96


KUIDFC 29 SPAN

Other Services 3327 7.46

Marginal Workers 93 0.21

Non-Workers 30966 69.43

Grand Total population 44,602 100.00

Source: clip

3.4.8 Major Socio- Economic Facilities

Table 3.5: Existing Socio-Economic Condition a) Nursery - Primary 5 b) Higher Secondary School 6 c) Colleges 4 Technical 1) Engineering - 2) Polytechnic 1 3) ITI 1 4) Ayurvedic 1 d) Health Centre 14 e) Telephone Exchange 1 f) Banks 12 g) Veterinary Hospital 1 h) PWD Office 1 i) SC/ST Hostel 2 j) Post Office 1 k) Telegraph 1 l) Bus Route Yes m) Major Occupation Mining, Agriculture,

Labor and sheep rearing etc.,

3.4.9 Land Use

59. The Govt. of Karnataka constituted planning authority for Koppal city planning area

under Section 4 (a) of the Karnataka City and Country Planning Act, 1961.

subsequently, Koppal Urban Development Authority prepared the Outline Development

Plan, which was submitted for the final approval vide Koppal Urban Development

Authority’s (KUDA), Koppal Local Planning Area, extends over an area of 457.00 sq

.km consisting area of;

Table 3.6: Existing land Use (as per 2001 Census)

Land Use

Area Percentage of Total Area

Sq. km. % Residential 215.83 52.00


KUIDFC 30 SPAN

Commercial 27.67 6.67 Industrial 26.87 6.47 Public & Semi Public

34.34 8.27

Transportaion/ Circulation

87.36 21.05

Open Spaces/ Recreation

22.97 5.53

Vacant 41.96 Total 457.00 100

3.4.10 Historic and Cultural Places

60. Koppal District has an eventful history beginning from the days of Mauryan King

Ashoka. At the end of 10th century Koppal appears to have become the capital of a

branch of the “Silahara” family. Gangas, who were Jains, also seem to have contributed

a great deal to enhance the reputation of this place as a Jaina centre. The fort at Koppal

is an important object of historical interest. It was acquired by Tipu Sultan in 1786 A.D.

from Paleagar and rebuilt into one of the strongest fort with the help of French

engineers. In 1790, the British and the Nizam besieged it. In 1858, Bhima Rao

Nadagouda also besieged the fort. Until 1949, it was the chief town of the Jagir of

Nawab Salarjung, which consisted of the Koppal and Yelburga talukas.

3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP

61. Sewer Lines: There is no densely built up areas in Koppal town. The city limit is well

developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. There is no

any prohibited area from where sewer line is passing through. Hence the project does

not require consent from ASI.

62. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is selected based on the topography

to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. This is a farming land and privately

owned. The town has a predominant slope from South to North and turn to East portion

towards of the town. Hence from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it

is suggested to have the treatment facility on the West side of the town and near

Hirehalla. This location is about 2.5 kms from Koppal city. The depth of ground water

below the STP is 5.1m.

The Short Resettlement Plan (SRP) is prepared for Koppal Sub Projects located in Koppal

District. Permanent land acquisition of 12.00 acres is required for Sewerage Treatment Plant


KUIDFC 31 SPAN

(STP) and 0.10 guntas for a Wet well. There are no structures in the proposed STP site; the

land is currently under agricultural use. Two households [divided from one single family]

cultivating the land will be affected while acquiring land for STP site. The 0.10 guntas for

Wet well will be taken in survey no.468/2, which is government land. Therefore, no

question of land acquisition for Wet Well-1. However, SRP has to be prepared for 12.00

acres required for STP that will be acquired from private land owners.

63. Among the various technologies, it is proposed to adopt Facultative Aerated Lagoons

(F.A.L) technology for this project and 9.00 MLD Capacity (intermediate) and 12.00

MLD Capacity (ultimate) STP will be designed and constructed, with the land

availability of 12.0 acres.

i. Required land is available for the purpose of establishing STP in this location

(existing STP site on on left side of Gadag Road near Hirehalla)

ii. The city has a predominant slope from south to north. The surface stratum of the town

is composed of murrum soil mixed with granite boulders out cropping at several

places.

iii. The water level is 5.1m below the ground level.

iv. Two households [divided from one single family] cultivating the land will be affected

while acquiring land for STP site. The RP is prepared and submitted to ADB.


KUIDFC 32 SPAN

4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

64. Urban development projects may cause negative impacts upon environment in many

different ways. The objective of this section is to identify those negative impacts that are

contextually possible in the project under consideration and to suggest the required

mitigation measures. The impacts anticipated from the proposed program may be on

Physical, Biological, Socio-economical and Cultural environment. Nevertheless, it must

be kept in mind that the impacts of project activities are not always negative, it may be

positive as well. The attempt should be to minimize the negative impacts by applying

necessary mitigation measures and to maximize the positive impacts. Based on the

severity and extent of impacts, the impacts may be classified as high, medium and low.

Care has been taken also to identify the prospects of positive impacts and of the

measures that are likely to enhance the quality of the given environment. The

environmental impacts of the Investment Program Components can be categorized into

location impacts, design impacts, construction impacts and operation impacts.

4.2 Location Impacts

65. The environmental impacts associated with site selection and those involving

loss/damage and/or encroachment of environmentally sensitive areas or archeological /

cultural / historical/ paleontaological sites/monuments, etc. It also includes impacts on

people- their livelihood or properties or any other related structures. The impacts may be

direct or indirect on such environments/people by the developmental programs. No

significant impacts can arise due to project location as the sites involving improvements

in the Program components does not pass through/near any environmentally sensitive

areas or any cultural/historical areas, etc.

4.3 Design Impacts

66. These are impacts due to Investment Program design including technology, scale of

operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and


KUIDFC 33 SPAN

ancillary services. These may arise due to design interference with other utilities in the

same tranche, are considered to be of short duration and of negligible significance.

4.4 Construction Impacts

67. Several types of short term/temporary negative impacts upon environment may happen

during construction phase of the project, primarily due to negligent practices.

Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery,

vehicles and workers.

4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts

68. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) impacts include impacts arising from the operation

and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility provided. They are routine

management of operational waste flow; occupational health and safety aspects.

4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts

69. Screening of environmental impacts is based on the magnitude and duration of the

impact. The magnitude of the impact may be negligible/moderate/severe – in the order

of increasing degree and impact duration may be temporary/ permanent (Table 4.1).

Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impacts)

Negligible (N) Moderate (M) Severe (S) Temporary (T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P

70. Table 4.2 presents the magnitude and duration of all four types of possible potential

environmental impacts along with required mitigation measures for the proposed

components of Koppal ULB under NKUSIP. In case of sewerage components, no

significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer line will be along the

already built up area. STP location has been selected sufficiently away from the

habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone along the site

boundary, which is not expected to have any impact on existing environment or

surroundings. The program components will have negligible/moderate and temporary

impacts, which can be mitigated by proper environment friendly measures.


KUIDFC 34 SPAN

Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system for the Koppal ULB Potential Negative

Impacts Significance &

Duration of the Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation

Responsibility Preliminary Costing

Location impacts Contamination of groundwater resources due to leaching of wastewater from STP.

N/P This may not be significant as the proposed STP is not in a flood prone area and groundwater table is deep at around 16m to 30m.

Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration.

PC N/a

Loss of amenity and odor nuisance to neighbors.

M/P STP is located at ≈ 3 km from the city. Future expansion of town may be considered.

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP.

ULB Part of Design costs

Design Impacts Ground water infiltration Pollution of the agricultural fields may be due to discharge of partially treated sewage

N/P The treated sewage may be used for irrigation. However, this may not be significant, as treatment will be designed to meet inland surface water discharge standards, which is stringer than irrigation standards.

Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration.


The sewage retention period shall be fixed considering seasonal climatic variations. The STP system shall be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of the treatment and no industrial waste/hazardous waste/treated sewage gets discharged to sewer lines. The effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the following standards of discharge for inland surface water disposal: BOD < 20 mg/l Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0

Impacts on existing utilities such as water

M/P UGD pipes will be placed 1.5 m below water supply pipelines. Hence, there will be no contamination of potable water.



KUIDFC 35 SPAN

Potential Negative Impacts

Significance & Duration of the Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

supply pipes and contamination of potable water Nuisance due to leakage / overflowing / over flooding of sewers.

N/P Storm water drains have been provided all along lagoons to avoid overflowing/over flooding/leakage of STP and untreated sewage during storms or heavy rains. Overflowing storm water shall be let into nallah.


Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time.

Nuisance due to mosquito breeding and bad odors from STP.

M/P STP is located at ≈ 3km from the city. Considering the future expansion of the town, mitigation measure may be required.

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc.


Pollution due to improper sludge disposal methods. Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 7 years, depending on the sludge generation.

M/P Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. ULB Part of O & M costs Preparation of sludge management plan

Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in lagoons itself before its disposal in to agricultural areas. Training for sanitation staff will be provided on safe handling of chlorination techniques. A sludge management plan is given in Table 4.3.

Surface & groundwater pollution with nitrate, phosphate, etc. due to discharge of treated effluent to nallah

M/P Conduct bacteriological tests to ensure safety of effluent ULB Part of O & M costs


KUIDFC 36 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

Discharge of treated wastewater into drains which could be used for ponding systems

Treated wastewater will be sold to farmers for irrigation Aquaculture to be introduced if water ponding systems are developed.

Construction Impacts A. Sewage Treatment Plant Waste soil due to excavation

M/P Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas

Dust and noise from construction of STP.

M/T Sewer network will be laid all over the town including high-density areas. As the proposed STP is located about 3 kms away from the city, as far as laying of sewer network is considered, the dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town area and in all other areas it may be negligible.

Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper signboards.

Contractor

Part of construction cost Dust generation shall be arrested by water spraying. It shall be

ensured to use only standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any. A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Dust due to stockpiled soil in windy weather

M/T Soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated Contractor Part of construction cost

Dust due to soil transportation

M/T Tarpaulins shall be used to cover dry soil when carried on trucks Contractor Part of construction cost

Collection of rain and ground water in excavated areas

M/T Excavation shall be conducted in the dry season Contractor Part of construction cost

Groundwater will be pumped out & provided to farmers for irrigation


KUIDFC 37 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

Removal of some trees from the site

M/P Trees will be removed only if it cannot be avoided. Contractor Part of construction cost Two trees shall be planted and maintained for every tree if

removed Traffic disturbance by lorries carrying waste soil

M/T Proper planning of routes shall be done to avoid narrow local roads

Contractor Part of construction cost

Transportation will be scheduled to avoid peak traffic periods

Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce

M/T Contractor should employ at least 50% of workforce from communities in vicinity of STP site.


B. Sewerage Network and Trunk Sewer Waste soil due to trenching

M/P As above: Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas


Waste soil may create dust when stored or transported

M/T As above: Waste soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated Contractor Part of construction cost As above: Soil shall be covered with tarpaulins on trucks

Stored soil shall be covered or damped down in dry weather

Damage other infrastructure due to trenching

S/P Location of infrastructure shall be confirmed before the commencement of trenching work or these sites shall be avoided


Water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads shall be located.

Disturbance to road users or public due to repeated trenching

M/T Sub-projects shall be integrated to conduct trenching at same time Contractor Part of construction cost

Inconvenience to access business, residential and other immediate facilities for the public and impact on livelihood (shop owners/keepers) due to

M/T The access for business and other facilities along the proposed sewer lining areas will be disturbed during construction period.

During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways shall be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities.

Contractor Part of construction cost.

Provision of planks is required to maintain access business. Business and homes must be given prior notice. If there are temporary impacts on incomes, then compensation procedures must be followed as per Resettlement framework.


KUIDFC 38 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

loss of access to business.

Will compensate any business losses as per the Resettlement Framework.

Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil. Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to

cross trench. Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work

quickly. Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance

Inconvenience to public during trenching and laying of sewer lines/ pipes along thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located.

M/T Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses

Construction shall be expedited in the least time frame. Contractor Part of Construction Costs Activities requiring maximum access control shall be done during

non-peak hours. Excavation along the road shall be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time. Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate signboards.

Nuisance due to dust and noise; road blocking due to laying of sewer network; and, increased traffic flow due to vehicle movement for construction activities.

M/T Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the town.

Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in busy streets such as central areas of the town (market area, old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper signboard shall be provided.

Contractor Part of construction costs

Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Traffic disturbance and road blocking due to

M/T The proposed network

Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages.



KUIDFC 39 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

laying of sewer network and vehicle movement for construction activities; inconvenience to the local community. Traffic disturbance due to lack of space caused by placing/dumping of soil on road and/or if sewers have to be located in the road itself

will be laid in the presently unserved fringe and extension areas. As these areas are not densely populated areas the impacts due to construction activities may not be significant. Traffic Management Plan for the construction phase has to be prepared for rerouting and avoiding slow movement of vehicles.

Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Work shall be planned with town authorities. Work shall be carried out when traffic is light. It will be ensured that police provide traffic diversions whenever necessary. Workforce shall be increased to finish this work quickly.

Traffic disturbance and vibration due to trucks removing waste and may cause damage to fragile buildings

N/T Routes shall be planned to avoid narrow streets, congested roads, important/fragile buildings, key religious & tourism sites. Work shall be planned to avoid peak traffic, main tourism season.

Contractor Part of Construction Cost.

Dust and noise from construction activities. Impact on air quality due to dust from waste soil and imported sand

N/T Due to dry climatic condition the dust generation may be considerable. Major noise generating activities such as rock blasting and use of heavy noise generating equipment are not envisaged.

The practices such as spraying of water to arrest dust shall be employed. All equipments used in construction activities shall comply with CPCB noise emission norms.

Contractor Part of Construction Cost. . Part of construction cost

Waste soil shall be removed quickly, stockpiles shall be covered with tarpaulins and/or water shall be sprinkled to avoid dust pollution. Sand shall be brought (for backfill) to site when needed.


KUIDFC 40 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

Improper disposal of Bituminous waste

M/P Bituminous waste shall be disposed in approved waste disposal sites.


Improper handling of excess soil

N/T Excess soil shall be disposed in low laying areas other than water bodies


On site accident risks for workers and the public

M/T A site Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared by contractor and implemented that includes measures to: Exclude the public from all construction sites; Ensure that workers use Personal Protective Equipment; Provide Health & Safety training for all personnel; Follow documented procedures for all site activities; and Keep accident reports and records


Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce

M/T As above: Employment shall be provided to locals particularly affected persons identified in Resettlement Plans-50% of workforce from affected communities


O & M Impacts Human health risks and contamination of soil and groundwater due to leaking sewers

M/T Sewer leaks shall be detected and repaired rapidly and effectively ULB Part of O & M costs

Nuisance due to overflowing/choking of sewers.

N/P No major water bodies and ground water is very deep. However, nuisance shall be considered.

The suggested mitigation measures shall be implemented to avoid chocking. Sewer cleaning equipments shall be provided.

ULB Part of O & M costs

Impact on business income if customer’s access is impeded by network repair works

S/T Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil. Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to

cross trench. Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work

quickly. Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance


System failure due to lack/shortage of power

M/P Alternative power supply by generator for pumps will be provided at STP and sewage pumping stations.



KUIDFC 41 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

supply Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers Mixing of Industrial Waste water with sewage

M/P Treatment process in the downstream will be significantly affected Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic effluent and gases

The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid mixing of industrial waste stream/hazardous waste with sewage in sewer system.

KSPCB and ULB

Part of O&M Cost

Odour nuisance due to STP This impact may be considered as negligible due to location of plant site and proposed buffer provision

M/P STP is located at 3000 m from the city. Future expansion of town may be considered.

Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork will be created and well maintained around the site.


Potential pollution of stream/agricultural fields due to inadequate treatment.

N/P As the STP is designed for stream discharge standards, the impact may be minimal. However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.

The following effluent discharge standards for stream discharge will be ensured: BOD < 20 mg/l - Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0

ULB N/a.


KUIDFC 42 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods

M/P Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

For cleaning of sewers one Jet Roding machine with adequate capacity will be procured. The sludge, silt, etc. extracted manually during cleaning, de-weeding and de-silting of sewers/drain/manholes by sanitary workers will be transported through mini trucks immediately and disposed off in approved landfill site or solid waste management sites.


Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in lagoon itself before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or landfill purpose. Sludge Management Plan (Table 4.3) shall be implemented.

Sludge removal from treatment ponds once in every 7 years

S/T Sludge will be dried and tested for absence of bacteria and pathogens


Dried sludge will be sold to farmers to fertilize land Chlorine handling and safety of workers

M/P Chlorine contact tank has been proposed with a contact time of 30 min. Hypochlorate solution will be used as disinfectant.

ULB Part of Construction and Operation Cost.

Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Immediate and proper medical attention shall be provided at emergency.

Economic benefits to local people by project

M/P STP workers should be residents of neighboring areas ULB Part of O & M costs

Discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater to water

M/T Periodic monitoring of treated effluent will be carried out. ULB Part of O & M costs A water quality testing laboratory will be provided.

Health & Safety risks of workers and the public during repair work

M/T H&S Plan shall be prepared and operated with same measures as used in construction phase

ULB

Part of O & M costs


KUIDFC 43 SPAN

Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan

Quantity of sludge generated

Duration of

Collection

Method of collection

Treatment Method

Storage Disposal Safety measures

tonnes Once in 7 years

Manually by scrapping

Sludge is dried in lagoon itself

No storage. Dried and collected sludge will be disposed soon after the removal

Sludge will be disposed as manure to nearby agricultural lands or to land fill sites.

Workers safety must be considered. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.

NKUSIP (Package IV – Bellary Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)

KUIDFC 44 SPAN

5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING PLANS

5.1 Institutional Requirements

71. The institutional requirements for the proposed Investment Program are briefed in the

following paragraphs.

Nodal Executing Agency (EA)

72. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is

the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment

Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate

Investment Program Management Unit (IPMU), which will be set-up within

KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the IPMU and will be assisted

by an Executive Director to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of

senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive

Director in controlling and monitoring project implementation activities. KUIDFC

will establish IPMU offices at four locations (in Bellary, Dharwad, Belgaum and

Gulbarga) in the Investment Program area. All Investment Program decisions will be

made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the IPMU, Dharwad; only

interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC

office at Bangalore.

State level Empowered Committee 73. A state level empowered committee for investment program has been constituted

with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC. The Executive Director from

Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when required.

Implementing Agency (IA) 74. The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co-ordination with

various other Departments of GoK. The program components will be implemented

by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Implementation Agencies (IA)

will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where

the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The

investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all


KUIDFC 45 SPAN

of its responsible implementation activities and carry proof check of designs and

quality check of construction activities.

75. Other than the above institutional set up, District Level Program Steering Committee

will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of Sub-projects and

institutional reforms. The organization hierarchy is presented in Fig. 5.1.

Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy


KUIDFC 46 SPAN

76. The responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting

required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the

borrowing ULB. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the

Investment Program ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will

be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB Environmental Guidelines and forwarded

to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate

approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports.

However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.

77. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA-EMP are incorporated into the

Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the

contractor, shall form part of the bidding and civil contract documents. The other

mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB itself or in assistance with

Investment Program Consultants as specified in the IEE.


KUIDFC 47 SPAN

Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment

Program Phase Activity Particulars Responsible Agency

Design Phase Investment Program categorization

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) / Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for each subcomponents as per ADB Guidelines

Koppal ULB

Review of REA/IEE and categorization of Investment Program (NKUSIP) as A/B/C as per ADB Guidelines

PMU

Environmental Assessment (EA) Study

Carrying out IEE/EIA study based on the Investment Program categorization Carrying out Public consultation and Information disclosure Preparation of SIEE/EIA Report

Investment Program Consultants

Investment Program clearances

Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from concerned Govt. Agencies

ULB

Review of IEE/ EIA Review of IEE/EIA and SIEE/SEIA reports to ensure compliance of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same

PMU

Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure – SEIA/SIEE Reports to be made available to the public and on request IEE/EIA also to be made available.

ULB

Incorporation of mitigation measures into Investment Program design

Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment Program design and in contract documents


Review of design documents Review of design documents and contractual documents for compliance of mitigation measures

PMU

Construction Phase

Implementation of mitigation measures

Implementation of necessary mitigation measures given in IEE/EIA Report

Contractor

Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase and monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures


Preparation of Progress Reports

Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of mitigation measures

ULB in assistance of Program Consultants (PC)

Operation Stage Environmental Monitoring Carrying out environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan ULB Compliance Monitoring Compliance Monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub-

project, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan KSPCB


KUIDFC 48 SPAN

Training Requirements

78. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for providing training to officials of

PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. PMU will be involved in the monitoring of

Investment Program implementation whereas the ULB will implement the

Investment program. The implementation of mitigation measures specified in IEE

report is part of contractor’s responsibilities during construction. However, the

responsibility lies on both contractor and supervisory staff to monitor the

incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program. Hence,

considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the

training program is very much essential for all the Investment Program officials. The

table (Table 5.2) presents the suggested training program:

Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) Program Particulars Schedule Participants

Program - 1 Orientation Program/ Workshop for Implementing and Executing Agencies

Orientation Program –

Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP ADB’s Environmental Assessment

Guidelines EIA requirements of NKUSIP National (Indian) Environmental Laws

and Regulations relating to urban infrastructure Investment Program

Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment Programs

2 days PMU officials involved in the Investment Program

ULB officials

involved in the Investment Program implementation

Environmental Assessment Process –

Investment Program categorization as per ADB

IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports Identification of Environmental Impacts Identification of Mitigation Measures Formulation of Environmental

Management Plan Implementation and Monitoring Summary EIA/IEEs Incorporation of mitigation measures in

the Investment Program Design and Contracts

Program - 2 Orientation Program/ Workshop for Contractors and Supervisory Staff

Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Environment issues related to urban infrastructure Investment Programs during construction

Implementation of mitigation measures Monitoring of mitigation measures

1 day Contractors involved in NKUSIP

Supervisory staff involved in NKUSIP


KUIDFC 49 SPAN

Program Particulars Schedule Participants Program – 3 Experience sharing

Experiences/Best Practices in the

Investment Program-

Experiences during implementation of mitigation measures of environmental concern in the Investment Program

Best practices followed during implementation

1day-every alternative year from the commencement of Investment program

PMU officials ULB officials Local NGOs

5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans

79. Monitoring is an essential and an integral part of the implementation of the proposed

environmental mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates useful

information and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures.

Environmental Monitoring Plans for sewerage system for the entire Koppal ULB in

Table 5.3. This IEE and EMP are updated as per detailed design and any design

changes. Occupational health risks and safety plan for workers are given in Table

5.3 and annual cost estimate is provided in Table 5.4. Monitoring reports shall be

made quarterly to the PMU and annually to ADB.


KUIDFC 50 SPAN

Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System

Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored

Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency

Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and mitigation measures- Incorporation of mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents

N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off inspection before signing of the contract

PMU

All designs of components include proper consideration of environment (i.e., water and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management)

- Proposed designs of DSC

One time before final design phase

Design of occupational safety measures

- Proposed designs of DSC

One time before final design phase

Training programs for staff by consultants

-- --

As needed before and during implementation

Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate monitoring of gas may not be possible due to distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall be designed considering worker/s safety.

Sewer pipes and Manholes

Gas monitoring in the sewerage network

Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB with the assistance of Program consultants

All location and design related Incorporation of mitigation measures in One-off PMU/ULB/PC


KUIDFC 51 SPAN




Responsibility mitigation measures to mitigate loss of amenity and nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required.

N.A.

the design including air dispersion modeling for STP site. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents

inspection of designs

Disposal of treated wastewater – Sale of treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and Usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture

STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related mitigation measures; Construction site management plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks

N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the contract documents Verification of contract documents before signing the contract

One-off inspection of contract document

PMU

Implementation of Construction site management plan: dust and noise nuisance at site; and traffic maintenance

Sewer laying sites and surroundings

Monitoring of air quality and noise is not required. The implementation of mitigation measures (usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise Standards for construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured.

Weekly Contractor and ULB with the assistance of Investment Program consultants

Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, land raising, infill)

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC


KUIDFC 52 SPAN




Responsibility Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated

All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when transported on trucks


Avoidance of narrow local roads when transporting soil

From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Avoidance of transporting soil during peak traffic periods

From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil in dry weather

Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Conduction of all excavation work in the dry season

All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Pumping groundwater from excavated areas and provide to farmers

STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Leaving spaces for access between mounds of soil

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Provision for planks/walkways to allow people & vehicles to cross open trenches

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided


Plantation and maintenance of two trees for every one removed

All sites Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

*Compensation for businesses for lost income

Where required Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish work quickly

Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Advance information to shopkeepers and residents of work

Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC


KUIDFC 53 SPAN




Responsibility Confirmation of location of infrastructure and avoid these sites

Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads


Integration of Sub-projects to conduct trenching at same time


Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions when required


Proper planning for transport routes to avoid narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites

Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic and main festival/tourism season


Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near buildings at risk from vibration

Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and proper maintenance as specified


Consultation with authorities, custodians of buildings, communities to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times

Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident surveys

Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Preparation and implementation of a site H&S Plan (safety of workers/public)



KUIDFC 54 SPAN




Responsibility Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/

PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective Equipment


Provision for Health and Safety training for all personnel

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Following of documented procedures for all site activities


Maintenance of accident reports and records

All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Employ at least 50% of workforce from communities near sites

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Operation Stage Monitoring Clogging of drains Sewer network

sites Proper maintenance with periodical cleaning or scrapping of drains or de-silting/de-weeding, etc.


ULB

Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas monitoring

Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage network


ULB

Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage System

STP and Sewer network

Proper operation and Maintenance of the Sewerage and STP system.

Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. Lagoon type; aerobic lagoons

Regular/routine –daily maintenance

ULB


KUIDFC 55 SPAN




Responsibility produce less odor than anaerobic lagoons. Lagoon covers. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across lagoons.

Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site.

Check for contamination of ground water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage i) Influent wastewater quality

Inlet of STP

- Analysis of Wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)

- Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB

ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet discharge point of STP

Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater characteristics to comply with PCB disposal standards: BOD < 20mg/l pH – 6.5 –8.0 SS < 100mg/l

Seasonal (four seasons) as third party monitoring

ULB

Implementation of Sludge Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling

N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB


KUIDFC 56 SPAN




Responsibility Emergency plan for Power supply management to minimize risks on the receiving waters

Pumping Station and STP

Under emergency situations such as power failure in the pumping stations, diesel operated generators (KVA) have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained.

Whenever there is power (regular supply) failure

ULB

Detection and repairing of sewer leaks rapidly and effectively

Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB

Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to fertilize land

STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

Advance information of work to shopkeepers and residents

Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB

Provision of walkways/planks for public and vehicles


Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles near fragile buildings

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Completion of work quickly in sensitive areas

Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

Consultation with communities to avoid working during sensitive



KUIDFC 57 SPAN




Responsibility periods Preparation and operation of H&S plan to protect workers and citizens

All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

Economic benefits to local people-STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas

STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB

Survey of chemical and bacteriological quality of STP effluent

STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge

STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Survey of public health and incidence of water borne disease

Koppal City Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 years

ULB


KUIDFC 58 SPAN

Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers

Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility I. Construction Stage Sewerage System

Sewer lines laying sites, Storm water drain sites, and STP site

Trenching and laying of sewer lines

Respiratory problems due to dust, accidents due to traffic problems and stock piling and causing injuries or death

Providing personal protective equipments such as helmet, mask, boots, gloves, etc.

Daily inspection throughout construction stage. Monthly inspection of accident reports and complaints register

Contractor, PMU and ULB

Improper management of equipments / machines Transportation of construction materials to and from sites

Traffic Management and Construction site access control Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records

II. Operation Stage


KUIDFC 59 SPAN

Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility Sewerage system

Sewer Network sites and STP Unit

Repair work and de-silting

Eye irritation, Respiratory problems and skin problems such as allergy and injuries

Providing personal protective equipments such as mask, boots, gloves, etc.

Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance records

ULB

Sewer cleaning – sewage mixed with hazardous materials and industrial waste

Immediate medical attention and first aid

Treating ground water contamination

First aid and awareness training to staff

Gas monitoring in sewer pipes

Respiratory problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc.

STP

Chlorine handling Eye irritation, Respiratory problems- allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. and skin problems

Storage of chemicals in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers

Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance records

ULB

Monthly health check-up for workers

Handling of chemicals other than Chlorine

Training to operators for safe handling of chemicals

Maintenance of accident reports and records Sludge handling Installation of safety

showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical


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Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff


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Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009)

Sl. No. Item Cost (Rs.) Monitoring during Operation Phase

1 Water quality testing 10,0002 Sewage/ waste water quality testing 60,0003 Treated sewage testing at outlet point 20,0004 Gas monitoring in the sewerage network 10,000

Training cost 1 Program 1 3,0002 Program 2 3,0003 Program 3 2,000

Other 1 Group Discussions 2,0002 Health checkups for workers 50,000

TOTAL 1,60,000Amount in Figures: Rupees One lakh sixty thousand only

NKUSIP (Package II – Bellary) Tranche II Sub-projects in Koppal CMC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

80. To achieve the public consultation requirements of the Asian Development Bank,

the PC undertook extensive field visits and held detailed discussions with the public,

Government Departments such as Urban Development Board, Public Works

Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sewerage

Board, etc. and CMC officials. Focus group discussions were involved in Public

consultation. Ample opportunities were ensured for the public to participate in the

design process of all the project components.

81. A socioeconomic and perception survey was conducted to provide a baseline for

assessment of perceptions of residents on the environment. Baseline information was

collected by public consultation to ascertain opinions on significant environmental

conditions/features within the project area with reference to project components and

the merit or its rehabilitation.

82. During field visits, CMC officials (including the commissioner) and local people

(farmers, businessmen, and Govt. officials, so on) were consulted to evaluate the

present situation of the project area environment and to establish necessary

mitigation measures for the project components. These consultations have given

insight into the concerns and requirements of CMC officials and publics with

relation to implementation of program components within the CMC area. These

contacts provided an opportunity for the local community to involve in the initial

stages of the project activities.

83. Overall, Public opinion was that the implementation of the project components

within the CMC limits should be carried out without any delay, but should include

proper operation and maintenance, environmental mitigation measures particularly,

with reference to sewerage and sanitation, improvement of the public health and the

quality of life for the local communities.

Date District No. of participants

20-04-2010 Koppal 10

21-04-2010 15


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Table 6.1 Public Comments & Mitigation measures SI No. Comments from local public Proposed mitigation

(A) Sewer line works The public expressed their concern

regarding the disturbance in public activities due to construction works such as generation of dust, noise due to construction machineries, traffic diversion, and breakage of existing services.

Dust generation shall be arrested by water spraying.

Ensure usage of standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any.

Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper sign boards.

Highly Qualified contractor will be engaged to execute the work in proper way and specific conditions shall be imposed in the contract to take safety measures.

(B) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) At STP site, public expresses their

concern regarding the generation of bad odor, mosquito nuisance during the operation of STP and also requested to officials taking care and ensuring minimizing these impact.

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP.

To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc.

Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 7 years, depending on the sludge generation. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed.

Apart from this, it will be ensured to minimize the environmental impacts due to construction of STP by following proper methods/


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mitigation measures.

Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the

construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. It was demanded for a strong operation

and maintains ace system in place for there proposed sewer network for its best functioning to

have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits.

Photo. 6.1: Public Consultation

6.1 Grievance Redressal Mechanisms

A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be formed to ensure that grievances are addressed

in a timely manner, facilitating timely project implementation. The GRC will comprise

representatives from APs (ensuring representation of vulnerable households), local government/

Koppal ULB, Investment Program Officials – Deputy Project Directors of NKUSIP, and NGOs/

community based organizations (CBOs). The GRC will redress grievances at the local-level in a

consultative manner and with the participation of the affected households, or their

representatives. GRC meetings will be convened as necessary to address complaints as they arise.

The time and date of GRC meetings will be announced to APs by the implementing NGO and RO

a week in advance. To further ensure GRC accessibility to APs, the implementing NGO and RO

will inform APs on grievance redressal procedures, the functions of the GRC, and how to access

the GRC. The first level of screening of grievances shall be undertaken by the implementing

NGO and the GRC. The GRC determine the merit of each grievance and attempt to resolve the

same within a month from the date of lodging of complaints, failing which the grievance shall be


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addressed to the Deputy Commissioner (DC). The GRC shall forward grievances of serious

nature immediately on receipt of complaint to the DC. The DC will hear appeals against the

decisions of GRC. The decision of DC is final and cannot be contested in any other forum except

in the Court of Law. All costs incurred in resolving the complaints will be borne by the Koppal

ULB in Koppal district.


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7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Findings

84. The proposed Investment Program components have less significant (direct/indirect)

environmental impacts. Sewerage system improvement for the entire ULB with

Sewage Treatment Plant component has certain environmental issues such as sludge

handling and disposal; and required mitigation measures during construction and

operation phases have been provided. The overall potential environmental impacts

of the Program components can be overcome by adopting suggested mitigation

measures. The implementation of the proposed Investment program will create many

beneficial impacts on Physical, Biological and Socio-economic environment. The

nature of the proposed project component, being community upgrading, will

fundamentally improve the overall urban environment. The overall environmental

benefits will outweigh any localized negative impacts.

85. The suitable Activity plans required for these construction and operation specific

impacts of all program components should be prepared by the ULB in association

with Program Consultants before construction phase and must be included in the

Contract Document. The Activity Plans based on identified mitigation measures

include Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (with reference to STP) and Health

Risk Plan (with reference to health of workers involved in Sewerage system and

STP). CMC and Contractors should implement these plans during program

construction and operation phases.

7.2 Recommendations

86. It is expected that the proposed project components have only minor, negative,

localized, temporary and less significant environmental impacts. These impacts can

be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring

during the Design, Construction and Post Construction Phase of the project. It is

recommended that PMU should have monitoring responsibility in environmental

issues of all program components and to ensure the environmental sustenance of

NKUSIP.


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8. CONCLUSIONS

87. The Investment program emphasizes the importance of conducting an IEE to identify

environmental considerations during project component - site identification, design,

and feasibility analysis. The findings and recommendations enriched the engineering

designs to incorporate simple mitigation measures such as dust suppression, timing

of heavy equipment operation to avoid disturbances due to noise, proper handling of

domestic wastewater and its re-use for irrigation purposes, and traditional

construction practices that overlook these mundane impacts. The IEE also pointed

out the need to revise the engineering designs to avoid adverse environmental

impacts, reducing potential risk of erosion and groundwater contamination, among

others.

88. The proposed Investment Program is beneficial to the environment and the society.

The project falls under the Category B of ADB's Guidelines. From this IEE, it can

be understood that this Investment Program is of small-scale and does not cause any

significant adverse environmental impacts and so a full scale EIA is not required. It

is recommended that project can be implemented with proper mitigation measures to

protect the environment and also NOCs and Environmental Clearance has been

obtained. This IEE with the recommended institutional requirement and

environmental monitoring plan becomes the completed EIA. This IEE for the

proposed Investment Program meets all the required environmental criteria for

subproject selection in EARP. Present status of the project study recommends only

IEE for proposed project components. Therefore, no separate EIA is required.

APPENDIC


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APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECK LIST

Country/Project Title: India/North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Sector Division: Urban Development – Package IV – Koppal CMC

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area Densely populated? Heavy with development activities? Adjacent to or within any environmentally

sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site

• Protected Area

• Wetland

• Mangrove

• Estuarine

• Buffer zone of protected area

• Special area for protecting biodiversity

• Bay

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

Impairment of historical / cultural monuments / areas and loss / damage to these sites?

No damage to any of the cultural/religious sensitive areas. The proposed activities are away between 100-300m from the temples

Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

During the construction of UGD lines traffic and human activities may be temporarily affected with pollution caused by dust and noise generation due to construction machineries. Traffic Management Plan with proper signboards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up areas have been

Instructions: This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is

to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a

Regional Department. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social

dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation and (v) gender and development.

Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify

potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

SEWAGE TREATMENT


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suggested. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of

people? No human settlement in the vicinity

of the proposed STP site. So, there is no resettlement of people.

Impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?

The discharged system is designed to meet the discharge norms of Inland surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and no industrial waste/effluents should discharge to sewer lines, which will affect treatment.

Overflows and flooding of neighboring properties with raw sewage?

Periodic maintenance of sewer lines has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties.

Environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?

It is suggested in EMP that sludge disposal has to be carried out once in 7 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Koppal CMC has to ensure that no industrial effluent will illegally get discharged into the sewer lines.

Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB.

Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?

As suggested in EMP Koppal CMC has to ensure that no hazardous waste will be illegally discharged into sewer lines.

Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is suggested to provide proper shielding such that STP operation will not have nuisance to surroundings.

Social conflict between construction workers from other areas and community workers?

The local labor force will be utilized by the contractor for construction activities and hence, there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase.

Road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?

Avoidance of road blocking and rerouting of traffic are required during construction stage of sewer lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the report.

Noise and dust from construction activities? It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Dust suppression must be done by sprinkling of water.

Traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

Traffic management with rerouting of traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material/waste transport.

Temporary silt runoff due to construction? The construction of waste water will be channeled such that it will have


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sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate the water quality of discharging courses.

Hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?

Regular maintenance of sewer lines has to be carried out to avoid overflow of sewer lines and related impacts on public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for ground water pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep

Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?

Sludge from the bottom of FAL has to be removed at regular intervals (normally once in 7 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and thereby deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated. Sludge shall be disposed to farmers for agricultural purpose i.e. to increase soil fertility.

Contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?

Sludge should be disposed off only in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geo-synthetic lining such that it will not leach the near-by water courses/land and pollute the environment.

Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which maybe contained in sewage and sludge?

Mixing of hazardous/industrial effluents with sewage may result in toxic gas formation in sewer and STP, which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided with protective boots, masks, etc. to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge and they should be provided with periodic health check-up facilities.

Documents

Initial Environmental Examination · 2014-09-29 · Map 2.2: Koppal District in Karnataka Map ... Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required ... nature of the proposed infrastructure