INDUSTRIALIZATIONShift from hand production methods to machines

Industrial Revolution Begins• The first Industrial Revolution

began in England in the late 18th century.

• The industrial revolution is when hand tools are replaced by factory machines.

• An example is the making of clothes.

• British inventors began to make textiles (cloth) with machines.

• A British textile worker, Samuel Slater, set up a textile factory in Rhode Island in 1790.

• This was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.!

• Before the Industrial Revolution, clothes were made at home.

• Afterwards, clothes were made by machines in factories.

• Often these machines were run by children.

Factory System• The factory system had many

workers under one roof working at machines.

• Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories. They wanted the money that factories paid.

• This change was not always for the better.

New Inventions• During the Industrial Revolution many new

inventions help to improve factories and people’s standard of living– Telephone– Refrigerated Railroad Cars– Movie making– Typewriter– Light Bulb– Automobile– Airplane

Refrigerated Railroad Car• 1875• Allows for meat to be transported across the

country without going bad.

Typewriter• 1868• Improves office efficiency

Telephone• Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876• First thing said over a telephone:

– “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.”

Thomas Edison’s Invention Factory• Research laboratory at Menlo Park, New

Jersey• Inventions:

– Phonograph—1877– Light Bulb—1879– Motion Picture Camera—1888

• Kinetoscope• Opened the Nation’s first electrical power

plant in New York City

Automobile• 1893• The first running, gasoline-powered American

car was built and road-tested by the Duryea brothers of Springfield, Massachusetts.

Airplane• Wilbur and Orville Wright tested a gas-

powered airplane in North Carolina that stayed in the air for 12 seconds on its 1st flight and 59 seconds later that day.

• Surprisingly, the first flights did not attract much attention because nobody could see any practical use for a flying machine.

• Only in WWI did airplanes really take off and alter the world.

Business Experiment• One half of the classroom will create as many

cars as they can individually.• The other half of the classroom will create as

many cars as they can in an assembly line.• Car Building Directions:

– Color the outside of wheels black– Color the windows yellow– Color the car red (doors and body)– Color the bumpers, handles and inside of wheels

gray

Experiment Questions• Which group was faster?• What are some reasons that made that group

work faster?

Mass Production• Interchangeable Parts• Specialization• Assembly Line

Interchangeable Parts• The first use of interchangeable parts was created by

inventor Eli Whitney. • Before this time, guns were made one at a time. Each

gun was different. If a part broke, a new part had to be created.

• Whitney created muskets with exactly the same parts, so any part would fit any gun.

• The use of interchangeable parts sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-paid, less skilled workers.

Specialization• Instead of each household being self-reliant by

creating all of their own necessities (farming, creating clothes, shoemaking, making bread, etc.), people began to focus on, or specialize in, one specific trade or skill to become really good at and make money off of. They would then get the other things from other specialized people.

• This idea is magnified during industrial revolution, no longer does a person specialize in shoemaking—but in making one part of a shoe over and over and over.

Henry Ford and the Assembly Line• Henry Ford perfected a system to mass-

produce cars and make them available at a lower price.

• To speed construction and lower costs he introduced the assembly line in 1913.

• Assembly Line: a manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt

• Sliced production time in half and lowered cost to make a car = lower prices.

• “Any Color—so long as it’s black.”

Questions to Consider• What are some good things that came about as

a result of the Industrial Revolution?• What are some negative things that came as a

result of the Industrial Revolution?• How can you use Mass Production ideas to

increase your own productivity/efficiency?