Indonesia (1.7 MB)

HFC Inventory

INDONESIA 2010-2012

Prepared by Ari Darmawan Pasek Implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

For the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

2014

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DISCLAIMER

This document has been prepared on the basis of best information and estimates available in

years 2002 - 2013 without any independent verification. Companies’ names, their activities

type of product and refrigerant consumption may have been changed on the date this report

published.

Although the results of this study present the estimation of HFC consumption growth, its

potential direct emission and possible low GWP substitutes, and estimation of direct emission

reduction, this study does not reflect a specific HFC phase-down/phase-out strategy of

Indonesia and is primarily undertaken with the purpose of assessing where HFCs are

consumed in Indonesia and how HFC consumption is expected to grow in the country.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

As a party to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Indonesia has been implementing several measures to curtail the growth of Ozone Depleting Substances to comply with its obligations under Montreal Protocol. One of the direct consequences of such activities is growth in HFC consumption as these HFCs are alternatives to the Ozone Depleting Substances that are being phased-out under the Montreal Protocol.

The HFCs are categorized as Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs), fast and sustainable action to reduce SLCPs has the potential to achieve multiple benefits. It could also slow down the warming expected by 2050 by about 0.5°C, almost halving projected near-term warming, while mitigating emissions of HFCs could augment this global mitigation potential by about 20%.

The establishment of Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC) is meant to catalyze rapid reductions of these harmful pollutants. The Coalition's objectives are to address short-lived climate pollutants by raising awareness of short lived climate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies, enhancing and developing new national and regional actions, including by identifying and overcoming barriers, enhancing capacity, and mobilizing support, promoting best practices and showcasing successful efforts and improving scientific understanding of short lived climate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies. The following document presents the detail of market assessment of consumption of HFCs including expected future growth of HFCs.

The study covers HFCs available and mostly used in Indonesia such as R-134a, R-410A, R-404A, R-407C, R-507C, and R-32. Based on available HCFC and HFC consumption data, the future HFCs consumption in RAC sectors was estimated. The sectors covered are domestic refrigeration, commercial and industrial refrigeration, residential, commercial, and transport air conditioning, foam, mobile air conditioning, solvents and aerosols.

The data and information required by the project was evaluated and analyzed based on available production and import data of HCFC and HFC RAC units and substance. Limited survey to find the data was carried out and this included visit to the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Industry, and Statistic Bureau. Based on the available data, the consumption of HFC and HCFC in each sector was estimated and projection of consumption in the future was carried out. Consumption is defined as the amount of substance used or charged into equipment in factory and during service (factory/manufacturing charge and servicing charge). The potential direct emission is calculated as the total amount of consumption multiplied by the substance Global Warming Potential (GWP). It may be noted that this number would not be equal to actual emission but would be equivalent total emission. Although this study presents the estimation of HFC consumption growth, its potential direct emission and the possibility of using the low GWP substitutes, and its estimation of direct emission reduction, this study does not reflect a specific HFC phase-down/phase-out strategy of Indonesia.

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All domestic refrigeration units produced by local manufacturers or imported use R-134a as the refrigerant. R-134a also use in small capacities of commercial refrigeration units (7% of total consumption), and depend on the temperature requirements. Large capacity commercial refrigeration and industrial refrigeration units use R-404A or R-507C. Up to temperature -20 o C, most refrigeration units use HCFC-22 (75% of total consumption), but below that temperature, R-404A (15% of total consumption) is mostly used. Further, two stage compressors using R-507C (3% of total consumption) is also used for lower temperature.

In Air Conditioning units, nowadays HCFC-22 (85% of total consumption) is predominantly used as refrigerant in the market. R-410a (10% of total consumption) is used for special requirements and in the VRF system. R-407C, as a drop in substitute for HCFC-22, is slowly seeing increasing share in the market (about 2% of total consumption). R-32 units are not available yet in the market. R-134a (3% of total consumption) is sometime used in big capacity industrial air conditioning and chillers for cooling purpose above -15oC.

For MAC and transport refrigeration, R-134a dominates the use as refrigerant. All compressor used in the MAC and transport refrigeration are produced for R-134a charge.

HCFC 141b is still used widely as blowing agent in foam industries in Indonesia. Due to higher price, HFCs based blowing agents have not been used yet in the Indonesia market.

For solvent sector, HCFC-225ca and HCFC-225cb were the most common solvent used in Indonesia. However, they have been replaced by HFC-4130, HFC-365, HFC-245. Currently, HFE - 3M product such as Novec-7100, and Novec-7200 have been used in Indonesia.

Low pressure HFC such as R-134a is widely used for aerosol in Indonesia. In addition, hydrocarbon such as R-600a/R-600 is also used for propellant.

There is no production of HFCs in Indonesia. The entire domestic demand is met through imports mainly from China (73%), Europe (13%), and India (11%). Since Indonesia does not produce any HFC, there was no report on HFC export and re-export from Indonesia. However, some domestic refrigeration equipment and MACs along with the cars are exported from Indonesia. Nowadays, importers can import HFC as much as the market demands through any international ports in Indonesia. Import data on HFC is not collected yet by the Ministry of Environment; however importers of HCFCs are likely to be HFCs importers. These importers are categorized as registered importer (re-seller) and producer importer (use the substance for their own production). There are 31 registered importers and 15 producer importers given import license by the Indonesia Ministry of Trade. The imported HFCs are used in the manufacturing and servicing industry distributed by the importers or distributors.

A survey result reveals that the total population of domestic refrigeration in year 2002 is 17,576,541 units. It consists of 16,041,667 units of fridge and freezer, and 1,534,874 units of water dispenser1. This study found that in 2003, the sale of domestic refrigeration and water dispenser is around 1.5 million unit and 0.45 million units, respectively. The survey also found

1 UNDP, Project Document: Phase-out Management Plan for CFCs in the Refrigeration (Servicing) Sector in Indonesia, 38th Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, 2002.

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that the sales of domestic refrigeration grew by almost 27 % in 2004 but this growth dropped to -5 % in year 2005. It is estimated that the growth of the sales will be around 15% up to year 2006 and then increase to 20% in year 2010, and 37% in average of the next years, so that in year 2020, the total population of domestic refrigerator in Indonesia reach aroundd 54 million units. The refrigerant charge consists of manufacturing charge and servicing charge. Assuming that the manufacture charge is calculated based on the amount of unit production only and only 10% of domestic refrigeration population unit is repaired annually, and the average amount of charge is 75 g for both in manufacture and service, the HFC-134a consumption is estimated to grow from 400 Tons in year 2009 to 2,110 Tons in year 2020. If the GWP of the HFC-134a is 14302, then the potential annual direct emission will grow from 572 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2009 to 3017 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2020.

A survey done in year 20023 reveals that the estimated population of commercial and industrial refrigeration appliances, systems and installations in Indonesia is 495,648. This comprises of about 450,000 small-sized unitary systems, such as chest freezers, bottle coolers, water coolers, visi-coolers, vending machines, etc. and 45,468 medium sized systems such as large display cabinets and counters, reach-in refrigerators and freezers, super market refrigeration systems with single or multiple compressors, etc. Another survey for HCFC phase-out management plan was done in year 20094. The survey found that around 30 local manufactures exist in Indonesia. During this survey, data on their product types, annual production and consumption of refrigerant were also obtained. Based on the survey results, it was found that the growth of population before year 2006 is 10% and then 15% up to year 2011 and then increase to 17 % after that year. It was projected that the unit population in year 2009 was 29,700 units and in year 2020, population grows to 154,720 units. HCFC unit population was 25,441 units in year 2009 and is estimated to grow to 140,654 units in year 2020. While some HFC refrigerants, such as HFC-134a, HFC-404A, and HFC-410A, have been used for several years, the consumption of these HFCs refrigerants was only around 5% of the HCFC refrigerant consumption in 2006, then increased to 10 % in 2011, and then increased drastically as the HCFC phase out acceleration was announced in 2013. While in the earlier years, the HFC refrigerant consumption was dominated by HFC-134A (98%) and the remaining was R-404A (2%), the proportion of R-404A is increasing in the recent years.

For blowing agent used for foam insulation, no HFC’s were being used. In 2015, HCFC refrigerant and blowing agent will be phased-out in the manufacturing sectors. In this year, refrigerant HCFC-22 consumption in manufacturing should be zero. However, in reality, it is expected that the consumption of HCFC 22 to only decrease to 50%. The use of HFC-32, HFC-134a, R-410A, R-404A, and R-507C is estimated at 22.7%, 29.5%, 1.05%, 36.5% and 0.8% respectively. The amount of HFC-32 charge is assumed as 70% of HCFC. In the years after 2015, the consumption of HCFC-22 will decreases significantly and the consumption of HFC especially HFC-32 will increase. For servicing sub-sector, the consumption of refrigerant is calculated with the assumption that 30 % of unit population is serviced annually with the

2 IPCC, Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007, www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html (latest access 22 December 2013) 3 UNDP, Project Document: Phase-out Management Plan for CFCs in the Refrigeration (Servicing) Sector in Indonesia, 38th Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, 2002. 4 KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) for Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets For Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

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average consumption, 9.5 kg per unit. For blowing agent, the large manufactures will convert their foam technology to cyclopentane technology, hence there will be no more HCFC or HFC used in these manufacturers. For medium size company, HFC-245fa (85%) and HFC-365mfc (15%) are expected to be used. With these assumptions, the consumption of HCFC is expected to increase from 473 tons in year 2009 to 1,020 tons in year 2014 and then decrease gradually to 39 tons in year 2020, while the HFCs consumption is expected to increase from 19 tons in year 2009 to 398 tons in year 2015 and then reaches 1,208 tons in year 2020. The consumption in this sector will result in potential direct emission of 1,328 kTons CO2eq from HCFC and 300 kTons CO2eq from HFC in year 2014 and 68 kTons CO2 eq. from HCFC and 1,720 kTons CO2 eq. from HFC in the year 2020.

There are only few local manufacturers of Air conditioning units in Indonesia, hence the consumption of the residential, commercial and transport air conditioning sectors are combined. Only five big manufacturers produce the heat exchangers for the refrigeration unit, and none of them produce compressors. Most of the other manufacturers are assemblers and installers. Field survey conducted recently provided data on the type and annual production of equipment and HCFC consumed by 21 local manufactures. The growth rate of residential AC is estimated at 12%, while for other type of units the grow rate is 6% annually. The HFC consumption consists of R-32, R-410A, R-134a, R-407C. Before 2015, there is no R-32 application, 89.5 % of consumption is dominated by HCFC-22, 9.5% R-410A, 0.5% HFC-134a, and 0.5% R-407C. In year 2015, refrigerant HCFC-22 consumption in manufacturing should be zero. However, in reality, it is expected that the consumption of HCFC 22 only decrease 50% of the consumption in the previous year. The amount of HFC-32 charge is assumed as 70% of HCFC-22. In the years after 2015, the consumption of HCFC-22 is expected to decrease significantly and the consumption of HFC especially HFC-32 is expected to increase. HCFC consumption is estimated to increase from 1,822 tons in year 2009 to 2,788 tons in year 2014, and then drop to 1,394 in year 2015 and continue to decrease to 139 tons in year 2020. HFC consumption is expected to continue to grow from 190 tons in year 2009 to 2,355 tons in year 2020. The potential direct emission from this sector was estimated at 3,280 kTon CO2 eq. of HCFC and 401 kTon CO2 eq. of HFC in year 2009 and 252 kTon CO2 eq. of HCFC and 2,514 kTon CO2 eq in year 2020.

Almost all foam manufacturers use HCFC-141b as the blowing agent. Few manufacturers have already used cyclopentane and water for certain applications. Foam sector survey was undertaken in the year 20095. The results of the survey show that the HCFC consumption in this sector increases at 10% growth from 773 tons in year 2009 to 1,350 tons in year 2014. In year 2015, when HCFC phase-out regulation applied, HCFC-141b is expected to be replaced by cylopentane or HFCs such as HFC-245fa and HFC 365mfc. The HCFC-141b is supposed to be replaced immediately but in reality some time delays may happen. The HCFC-141b is estimated to decrease to 758 ton in year 2015 and become 99 tons in year 2020. HC (cyclopentane) is estimated to increase sharply from 739 tons in year 2015 to 1,729 tons in year 2020 and HFC is estimated to increase from 251 tons in year 2015 to 863 tons in year 2020. The GWPs of HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc are higher compared to HCFC-141b. However, the consumption of these HFCs is 50% less than HCFCs. Potential direct emission of the blowing agents in foam sector from HCFC is estimated to decrease from 883 kTon CO2eq in

5 KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) for Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets For Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

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year 2014 to 64 kTon CO2eq in year 2020. While the direct emission of HC and HFC which is almost similar is estimated to increase from 238 kTon CO2eq in year 2015 to 820 kTon CO2 eq. in year 2020.

Indonesian automotive market is the second largest in ASEAN6. The production level in this sector is growing very rapidly. After growing at annual average rate of 20% during years 2008 to 2011, the Indonesian automotive market hit a remarkable milestone in 2011 by achieving a new sales record of 894,164 units. The local production volume in 2011 was 837,948 units, after growing at an annual average rate of 26 % during the last 5 years. All of Mobile Air Conditioning units in Indonesia use HFC-134a as the refrigerant. The charging of the MAC unit consists of factory charging and service charging. It is assumed that the factory charging for car, bus, and truck is 1 kg, 4 kg, and 1 kg respectively, and the service charging is 30% of the factory charge. However, only some equipment are air conditioned. By assuming the percentage of car, bus, and truck with air conditioner unit are 80%, 60% and 10% of the total population respectively, with the average growth rate is 17%, the consumption of HFC-134a up to year 2020 can be calculated. The total manufacture charge is estimated to grow from 298 tons in year 2009 to 1659 tons in year 2020, and the total servicing charge is estimated to grow from 2,372 tons in year 2009 to 5,200 tons in year 2020. Both manufacture and servicing charge is estimated to result 3,819 kTon CO2 eq. potential direct emissions in year 2009 and 9,809 k Ton CO2 eq. in year 2020.

After CFC-phase-out, the use of halocarbon substance in solvent sector has diminished rapidly. Following this, use of HCFCs such as HCFC-141b, HCFC-123, HCFC-225ca, HCFC-225cb and HFCs such as HFC-4310, HFC-365mfc, and HFC-245fa increased. However, since HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc are expensive and HFC-4310 is rarely found in the Indonesia market, the solvent sector started to use the HFE substance introduce by 3M. Some manufactures use hydrocarbons. The products were introduced by UNIDO. PERTAMINA, an Indonesia company, also produces hydrocarbon solvents. The annual consumption of CFC solvent in year 1995, 1996, and 1997 is 474, 473, and 255 tons respectively7. The decreasing of the consumption is due to the CFC phase out in the non-article 5 countries that also influenced Indonesia. If it assumed that the solvent consumption is equal to the consumption at the 1995 level, and it increases 5% annually, consumption of solvent can be estimated. The distribution of HFE and HCs is assumed at 65% and HC 35% respectively. The HFE and HC consumption estimates in year 2009 are 610 ton and 328 tons respectively. This consumption level is expected to increase to 1043 and 561 tons respective in year 2020. The potential direct emission of the substances is almost similar, that is 141 kton CO2 eq, in year 2009 and 241 kton CO2eq in year 2020 for each type of substance discussed above.

6 Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries, automobile production in Indonesia 2008-2012. http://www.gaikindo.or.id, accessed: 20 December 2013. 7 UNDP, Project Document: Phase-out Management Plan for CFCs in the Refrigeration (Servicing) Sector in Indonesia, 38th Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, 2002.

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In the previous years, CFC-12 is the main substance use as propellant in aerosol devices. The annual consumption of this substance in year 1995, 1996, and 1997 is 1800, 1500, and 800 tons8. The decrease in consumption of the substance is due to the CFC phase-out program in non-Article 5 countries. Since many aerosol manufacturers have main principal partners in non-Article 5 countries, the application of CFCs in this sector diminished and was replaced with HFCs such as R-134a, and hydrocarbon (iso and normal butane). With 1995 CFC consumption as the base, consumption of aerosol propellant is estimated assuming that the consumption for aerosol substance (propellant) increases 6 % annually up to year 2020. The propellant market consist of 60% HFC and 40% HC. The consumption of HFC in this sector is estimated to increase from 2441 tons in year 2009 to 4635 tons in year 2020, while the consumption of HC is estimated to increase from 1627 tons in year 2009 to 3090 tons in year 2020. The potential direct emission of those substance are almost similar, i.e 3500 kton CO2eq in the year 2009 and become 6,628 kton CO2eq in year 2020.

The summary of the HCFC, HFC and HC consumption in various sectors discussed above can be seen in Table ES.1.

Although the HFCs have zero ODP, they have significant GWP, which may cause a significant climate impact in the future. The total potential direct emission of the HFC (and HFE) in all sector applications described in the previous sections is estimated to reach 15,054 kTon CO2eq. in the year 2009 and this is expected to increase to 24,683 kTon CO2eq. in the year 2020. Further, this is expected to sharply increase to 1,688,448 kTon CO2eq. in year 2050. To control the use of HFCs, low GWP substances could be used in the future. Table ES.2 show some of these substances and the possibilities and assumptions of their usage in various sector.

8 KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) for Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets for Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

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Table ES.1 Summary of HCFCs and HFCs consumption in all sectors of application

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

Domestic Refrigeration

Manufacture charge HFC-134a, Ton 245.04 332.53 474.85 683.78 984.64 1,417.89 1,701.46

Service charge HFC-134a, Ton 155.00 164.84 180.76 215.95 269.82 347.35 408.58

Total HFC-134a Consumption in Domestic Refrigeration 400.04 497.37 655.61 899.72 1,254.47 1,765.24 2,110.05

Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration

Manufacture Charge

Total HCFC-22 Manufacture Charge, Ton 193.19 259.99 355.90 243.59 146.16 48.72 26.70

Total HFC Manufacture Charge, Ton 16.42 27.30 54.19 258.21 446.83 739.85 921.27

Refrigerant Service Charge

Total HCFC-22 Service Charge, Ton 72.61 97.70 133.75 91.54 75.19 34.31 10.04

Total HFC Service Charge, Ton 2.54 22.80 31.68 42.72 75.26 80.09 93.66

Total HCFC-22 Refrigerant, Ton 265.80 357.69 489.64 335.14 221.34 83.03 36.74

Total HFC Refrigerant, Ton 18.96 50.10 85.86 300.93 522.09 819.94 1014.93

Total HFC Blowing Agent, Ton 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.61 135.25 173.89 193.22

Total Cyclopentane Blowing Agent, Ton 0.00 0.00 0.00 148.77 178.01 228.87 253.03

Total HCFC in Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration, Ton 473.47 637.11 872.14 596.94 355.60 127.78 38.98

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Total HFC in Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration, Ton 18.96 50.10 85.86 397.54 657.35 993.83 1208.14

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

Commercial, Residential, and Transport AC



Total HCFC-22 Service charge, ton 1301.69 1546.54 1837.45 1001.41 600.84 200.28 100.14


Total HCFC Consumption Commercial and Residential AC, Ton 1812.25 2153.13 2558.14 1394.19 836.51 278.84 139.42

Total HFC Consumption Commercial and Residential AC, Ton 189.61 225.27 267.65 1300.03 1752.66 2216.54 2355.14

Foam

Total HCFC Consumption Foam, Ton 773.19 977.79 1217.27 758.39 483.11 183.67 98.66

Total HFC Consumption Foam, Ton 0.00 0.00 0.00 250.58 436.82 699.46 863.04

Total Cyclopentane Consumption Foam, Ton 0.00 0.00 0.00 739.26 1049.09 1469.99 1729.04

Mobile AC

Total Manufacture Charge HFC-134a 298.36 486.63 750.77 941.77 1,181.36 1,481.89 1,659.72

Total Service Charge HFC-134a 2,372.25 2,589.93 2,927.68 3,405.17 4,004.13 4,755.48 5,200.04

Total HFC-134a in Mobile AC 2,670.60 3,076.56 3,678.45 4,346.94 5,185.49 6,237.37 6,859.76

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Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

Solvent

HFEs, Ton 610.02 672.54 741.48 817.48 901.27 993.65 1043.34

HCs, Ton 328.47 362.14 399.26 440.18 485.30 535.04 561.80

Aerosol

HFC-134a, Ton 2441.78 2743.58 3082.69 3463.71 3891.82 4372.85 4635.22

R-600a/R-600, Ton 1627.85 1829.05 2055.12 2309.14 2594.55 2915.23 3090.15

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Table ES.2 Possible usage of low GWP substances

Sector Used as Possible Future Low GWP Substance GWP Percentage of Population

Domestic Refrigeration Refrigerant R-600a 3 1

Commercial and Industrial Ref. Refrigerant Refrigerant

Blowing Agent

R-290 HFO-1234ze

Cyclopentane Methyl Format

3 6 3 3

0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3


Refrigerant Refrigerant

R-290 HFO-1234ze

3 6

0.3 0.7

Foam Blowing Agent

Cyclopentane Methyl Formate

3 3

0.7 0.3

Mobile Air Conditioning Refrigerant HFO-1234yf 4 1

Solvent Solvent HC 3 1

Aerosol propellant R-600a HFO-1234ze

3 4

0.5 0.5

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LIST OF CONTENT

Page

DISCLAIMER i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii

LIST OF CONTENT xv

LIST OF TABLE xvii

LIST OF FIGURE xviii

LIST OF ABREVIATION xix

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND 1

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK 2

1.3 APPROACH AND PREPARATION 3

2. HFC MARKET ANALYSIS 5

2.1 SUBSTANCES 5

2.2 SECTOR OF APPLICATION 5

2.3 PRODUCTION 7

2.4 EXPORT 7

2.5 IMPORT 7

3. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 9

3.1 REFRIGERATION SECTOR 10

3.2 AIR CONDITIONING SECTOR 12

3.3 FOAM SECTOR 13

3.4 MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING SECTOR 14

3.5 SOLVENT SECTOR 15

3.6 AEROSOL SECTOR 15

4. HFC CONSUMPTION LEVEL 16

4.1 DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION SECTOR 16

4.2 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION SECTOR 19

4.3 RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND TRASNPORT AIR CONDITIONING 29

4.4 FOAM SECTOR 37

4.5 MOBIL AIR CONDITIONING SECTOR 44

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4.6 SOLVENT SECTOR 49

4.7 AEROSOL SECTOR 52

5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR TRANSITION TO LOW GWP ALTERNATIVES AND ITS IMPACT

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REFERENCES 66

ANNEX A METHOD OF DATA EVALUATION AND DELIVERABLE RESULTS 67

ANNEX B LIST OF HFC REGISTERED AND PRODUCER IMPORTERS 69

ANNEX C LIST OF MANUFACTURER AND IMPORTER (TRADER/SUPPLIER) 74

ANNEX D CLARIFICATION ON MAIN QUESTIONS ON SURVEY REPORT 88

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LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.1 HFCs mostly used in RACs sectors in Indonesia and some of their properties 5

Table 2.2 List of HFC commonly used in Indonesia for each sector of application 5

Table 3.1 List of stakeholder and their role in RACs conversion 9

Table 3.2 Refrigeration sub-sectors 11

Table 3.3 Air Conditioning sub-sectors 13

Table 3.4 Application of solvent 15

Table 4.1 Refrigerant consumption data on manufacturing of Commercial and Industrial

Refrigeration sector, Ton 20

Table 4.2 Commercial and Industrial refrigeration local manufacturer data (year 2009) 21

Table 4.3 Commercial, Residential and Transport AC local manufacturer data (year 2009) 30

Table 4.4 Fraction consumption of several refrigerants in AC sub-sectors 33

Table 4.5 Foam local manufacturer Data (year 2009 – 2011) 38

Table 4.6 Population and production of automobile years 2008 and 2012 in Indonesia 44

Table 4.7 Population and production of automobile with HFC-134a air conditioning unit years 2008

to 2012 in Indonesia 46

Table 4.8 Properties of Solvent produced by 3M available in Indonesia 49

Table 4.9 Summary of HCFCs and HFCs consumption in all sector of application 54

Table 5.1 Properties comparison of HFCs currently used and the Low GWP Substances 64

Table 5.2 Possible Usage of the GWP substances 65

Table A.1 Possible data source and method of data evaluation for each sectors of HFC application 67

Table A.2 Deliverable and results 68

Table B.1 List of possible HFC Registered Importer 69

Table B.2 List of possible HFC Producer Importer 72

Table C.1 Some Domestic Refrigeration local manufacturers, and importers-distributors 74

Table C.2 Some Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration main local manufacturer 75

Table C.3 Some Air Conditioning main local manufacturer 75

Table C.4 Some local Foam manufacturer 77

Table C.5 Some local car, bus, and truck manufacturer 79

Table C.6 List of some enterprises those deal with solvent 81

Table C.7 List of some enterprises in Aerosol Sector 84

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page Figure 2.1 Imported HFCs Country Origin 8

Figure 3.1 Consumption map of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Sectors 12

Figure 3.2 Consumption map of Foam Sector 14

Figure4.1 Projection of Domestic Refrigeration annual production and population 17

Figure 4.2 Annual refrigerant consumption (HFC-134a) in Domestic Refrigeration sector 18

Figure 4.3 potential annual direct emission from Domestic Refrigeration Sector with HFC-134a

refrigerant 19

Figure 4.4 Projection of Commercial and Industrial refrigeration HCFC unit population 25

Figure 4.5 Projection of Commercial and Industrial refrigeration HCFC and HFC unit population 25

Figure 4.6 Annual HCFC and HFC refrigerant consumption in Manufacturing and Servicing of

Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Sector 27

Figure 4.7 Annual HCFC and HFC refrigerant and Blowing Agent consumption in Commercial and

Industrial Refrigeration Sector 27

Figure 4.8 Annual Total HCFC and HFC consumption in Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration

Sector 28

Figure 4.9 Potential annual direct emission from HCFC and HFC consumed in Commercial and

Industrial Refrigeration Sector 28

Figure 4.10 Residential AC Population 34

Figure 4.11 Light Commercial AC population 34

Figure 4.12 Commercial, Transportation, Air Cooled Chiller, and Water Cooled Chillers population 35

Figure 4.13 HCFC and HFC consumption in manufacturing and servicing of Commercial and

Residential AC Sector 35

Figure 4.14 Total HCFC and HFC consumption in Commercial and Residential AC Sector 36

Figure 4.15 Projection of Potential direct emission from HCFC and HFC in Commercial and

Residential AC Sector 36

Figure 4.16 Consumption growth of HCFC-141b, HFCs, and HC in Foam Sector 43

Figure 4.17 Potential direct emission from HCFC-141b, HFCs, and HC in Foam Sector 43

Figure 4.18 Population and production growth of automobile in Indonesia year

2008 to 2012 45

Figure 4.19 HFC-134a consumption growth of MAC in Indonesia 47

Figure 4.20 Total HFC-134a consumption growth in MAC Sector 48

Figure 4.21 Potential direct emission growth from MAC sector 48

Figure 4.22 Solvent (HFE and HC) consumption growth years 2009 - 2020 51

Figure 4.23 Potential direct emission from HFE and HC in Solvent Sector 51

Figure 4.24 Propellant consumption growth in Aerosol Sector 53

Figure 4.25 Potential direct emission of HFC and HC Propellant in Aerosol Sector 53

Figure 5.1 Total direct emission of HFC in Indonesia year 2015 - 2020 63

Figure 5.2 Total direct emission of HFC in Indonesia year 2015 - 2050 64

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

AC = Air Conditioning

CFC = Chloro Fluoro Carbon

CCAC = Climate and Clean Air Coalition to reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutant

FK = Fluoroketone

GWP = Global Warming Potential

HC = Hydrocarbon

HCFC = Hydro Chloro Fluoro Carbon

HFC = Hydro Fluoro Carbon

HPMP = HCFC Phase Out Management Plan

KLH = Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (Ministry of Environment)

ODS = Ozone Depleting Substance

ODP = Ozone Depletion Potential

MOE = Ministry of Environment

MOT = Ministry of Trade

MT = Metric Ton

NOU = National Ozone Unit

SLCP = Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

UNDP = United Nation Development Programme

1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND

Indonesia is one of the developing countries in South East Asia region and has a population of 246.9 million (2012 statistics). The country has a total geographic land area of about 1.9 million square kilometers and experiences tropical climatic conditions in most regions. Administratively, Indonesia consists of 34 provinces.

The agricultural sector accounts for 15% of GDP, the industry for 48% and the service sector for 37%. The population density is approximately 134 persons per sq km where urban population represents around 52% of the total population.

As a party to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Indonesia has been implementing several measures to curtail the growth of Ozone Depleting Substances to comply with its obligations under Montreal Protocol. One of the direct consequences of such activities is growth in HFC consumption as these HFCs are alternatives to the Ozone Depleting Substances that are being phased-out under the Montreal Protocol. Thus, the country has experienced significant growth in consumption of HFCs over the past two decades.

The HFCs are categorized as Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs), which are air pollutants, with various detrimental impacts, on human health, agriculture and ecosystems. Fast and sustainable action to reduce SLCPs has the potential to achieve multiple benefits. It could also slow down the warming expected by 2050 by about 0.5°C, almost halving projected near-term warming, while mitigating emissions of HFCs could augment this global mitigation potential by about 20%. Reducing SLCPs is also likely to have enhanced climate benefits in many vulnerable regions such as elevated snow and ice covered regions and in reducing regional disruption of traditional rainfall patterns.

The establishment of Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC) is meant to catalyze rapid reductions of these harmful pollutants to protect human health and the environment and slow the rate of climate change.

The Coalition's objectives are to address short-lived climate pollutants by:

• Raising awareness of short lived climate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies;

• Enhancing and developing new national and regional actions, including by identifying and overcoming barriers, enhancing capacity, and mobilizing support;

• Promoting best practices and showcasing successful efforts; and

• Improving scientific understanding of short lived climate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies.

Indonesia has received funding assistance from CCAC for conducting initial market assessment for HFCs in the country. The following document presents the detail of market assessment of HFCs including expected future growth of consumption of HFCs.

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1.2. SCOPE OF WORK

The activities that will be carried out will include the following:

• Identify sectors/applications consuming different HFCs (including blends) in Indonesia both current and expected in future.

• Estimate, to the extent feasible, supply of HFCs into Indonesia market by substance for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012.

• Estimate demand for HFCs for different end-uses and applications over the last three years by substance. The end-uses should include, but not be limited to, (a) domestic refrigeration, (b) commercial refrigeration, (c) industrial refrigeration, (d) mobile air-conditioning and transport refrigeration, (e) residential air-conditioning, (f) commercial air-conditioning, (g) industrial air-conditioning, (h) foam products, (g) solvents, (h) aerosols including metered dose inhalers. Demand estimates would be mainly undertaken through desk study and limited field contacts, where found necessary. The demand estimates would be correlated supply by substance.

• Estimated growth of HFCs for different end-uses and applications, by substance, for the next five years and key drivers.

• Identify barriers and opportunities for adoption of low-GWP alternatives.

• Estimate the potential impact of transition to low-GWP alternatives, where feasible, in terms of contributing to the country’s voluntary CO2 emission reduction targets by 2020

• Present findings in stakeholder consultations for endorsement of market assessment findings

• Participate in consultations, as found necessary, for discussions relating to the HFC market assessment

The report outputs would be reviewed by technical expert, endorsed by NOU and UNDP and finalized after consultation with identified national stakeholders for their inputs. On endorsement, HFC market assessment would be submitted to CCAC Secretariat.

The expected results from the survey are:

1. Establish current consumption of HFCs by substance (and to the extent feasible, by sector)

1.1. Interact with upstream chemical and equipment suppliers/importers and/or their local representatives, relevant industry associations and government departments as needed;

1.2. Collect HFC import (and export as applicable) data for various HFC substance species for the past 1-3 years

1.3. Correlate HFC substance species with possible end-use in various sectors

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1.4. Establish estimated HFC use by sector

2. Establish estimated growth patterns in HFC consumption by substance (and to the extend feasible, by sector)

1.1. Review the historical HFC use data

1.2. Review and forecast growth of HFC use for various applications

1.3. Establish growth patterns in HFC use by substance/sector

3. Identify challenges and opportunities for transition to low-GWP alternatives for various applications

1.1. Compile data on available low-GWP alternatives for various applications

1.2. Identify opportunities and challenges for applying low-GWP alternatives for various applications

1.3. Estimate the potential impact of transition to low-GWP alternatives, where feasible, in terms of contributing to the country’s voluntary CO2 emission reduction targets by 2020.

1.3. APPROACH AND PREPARATION

The data and information required by the project was evaluated and analyzed based on available production and import data of HCFC and HFC RAC units and substance. Limited survey to find the data was carried out and this included visit to the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Industry, and Statistic Bureau. Based on the available data, the consumption of HFC and HCFC in each sector was estimated and projection of consumption in the future was carried out. Tables A.1, and A.2 in Annex A show the data source and method of data evaluation in each sectors, and the deliverables and results expected from this work.

The consumption is defined as the amount of substance used or charged into equipment in factory and during service (factory/manufacturing charge and servicing charge). The potential direct emission is calculated as the total amount of consumption multiplied by the substance Global Warming Potential (GWP). It may be noted that this number would not be equal to actual emission but would be equivalent total emission.

Although the results of this study present the estimation of HFC consumption growth, its potential direct emission and possible low GWP substitutes, and estimation of direct emission reduction, this study does not reflect a specific HFC phase-down/phase-out strategy of Indonesia and is primarily undertaken with the purpose of assessing where HFCs are consumed in Indonesia and how HFC consumption is expected to grow in the country.

The following sections of the report present the findings of the HFC survey and assessment of future growth in consumption of HFCs.

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2. HFC MARKET IN INDONESIA

2.1 SUBSTANCES

The HFC available and mostly used in Indonesia and their properties are shown in Table 2.1

Table 2.1 HFCs mostly used in RACs sectors in Indonesia and some of their properties

REFRIGERAN/BLOWING AGENTT

PROPERTIES

Cond. Pres. MPa at 45o

C

ODP GWP (IPCC-4)

Life Year (IPCC-4)

Flammability

Toxicity

R-134A Single 1.34 0.0 1430 14.00 1 A

R-410A (50% R-32/50% R125)

Zeotrope 2.72 0.0 2090 16.95 1 A

R-407C (23% R32/25% R125/52% R134a)

Zeotrope 1.86 0.0 1770 15.67 1 A

R-32 Single 2.80 0.0 675 5.00 2L A

R-404A (44% R125/52% R143a/4% R134a)

Zeotrope 2.05 0.0 3922 40.36 1 A

R-507 (50% R125/50% R143a)

Azeotrope 2.10 0.0 3985 40.50 1 A

R-245fa Single 0.29 0.0 950 7.6 1 A

R-365mfc Single 0.12 0.0 950 9.6 1 A

Source: IPCC, Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007, www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html (latest access 22 December 2013)

2.2 SECTOR OF APPLICATION

Sectors of HFCs application and the type of common HFC used in each sectors is shown in

Table 2.2

Table 2.2 List of HFCs commonly used in Indonesia for each sector of application

Sector HFC USED Remark

Domestic Refrigeration R-134a

Commercial Refrigeration R-134a, R-404A, R-507C Depending on capacity and temperature

Industrial Refrigeration R-404A, R-507C Depending on capacity and temperature

Residential AC R-410A, R-407C VRF system normally use R-410 A

Commercial AC R-410A, R-407C VRF system normally use R-410 A

Industrial AC R-134a, R-410A, R-407C

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MAC R-134a

Transport AC R-134a

Foam Product HFC-245fa, HFC- 365mfc Still Use HCFC based blowing agent

Solvent HFC-4310, HFC-365mfc, HFC -245fa, HFC-225, HFC 227ea

HFEs have been used nowadays

Aerosol R-134a Some HC also used as propellant

Source: This market study.

All domestic refrigeration units produced by local manufacturers or imported use R-134a as the refrigerant. Some HC units use R-600a. However, availability of HC based units decreased in Indonesian market because lack of infrastructure such as competence of technician and service workshops for servicing HC based equipment.

Small capacities of commercial refrigeration units use R-134a (7% of total consumption), depending on the temperature requirements. Large capacity commercial refrigeration and industrial refrigeration use R-404A and R-507C. Up to temperature -20 oC most refrigeration units use HCFC-22 (75% of total consumption), but below that temperature, R-404A (15% of total consumption) is mostly used. Further, two stage compressors using R-507C (3% of total consumption) is also used for lower temperature.

In the Air conditioning unit, now days the HCFC-22 (85% of total consumption) is predominantly used as refrigerant in the market. R-410a (10% of total consumption) is used for special requirements and in the VRF system. R-407C, which drop in substitute for HCFC-22, is slowly seeing increasing share in the market (about 2% of total consumption). R-32 units are not available yet in the market. R-134a (which is 3% of total consumption) sometime is used in big capacity industrial air conditioning and chillers for cooling purpose above -15oC.

For MAC and transport refrigeration, R-134a dominates the use as refrigerant. All the compressor used in the MAC and transport refrigeration are produced with R-134a charge.

HCFC 141b is still used widely as blowing agent in foam industries in Indonesia. Due to higher price, HFCs based blowing agents have not been used yet in the Indonesia market.

For solvent sector, HCFC-225ca and HCFC-225cb were the most common solvent used in Indonesia. However, they have been replaced by HFC-4130, HFC-365, HFC-245. Currently, HFE - 3M product such as Novec-7100, and Novec-7200 have been used in Indonesia.

Low pressure HFC such as R-134a is widely used for aerosol in Indonesia. In addition, hydrocarbon such as R-600a/R-600 is also used for propellant.

2.3 PRODUCTION

There is no production of HFCs in Indonesia. The entire domestic demand is met through imports mainly from China, Europe and India.

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2.4 EXPORT

Since Indonesia does not produce any HFC, there was no report on HFC export and re-export from Indonesia. However, some domestic refrigerators and MAC along with the cars are exported from Indonesia.

2.5 IMPORTS

The consumption of HFC is not regulated yet in Indonesia, so there is no restriction, quota and other rules for HFC import. Now days, importers can import as much as the market demand through any international ports in Indonesia. Import data on HFC is not collected yet by the Ministry of Environment. However, importer of HCFCs are likely to be HFCs importers. These importers are categorized as registered importer (re-seller) and producer importer (use the substance for their own production). There are 31 registered importers and 15 producer importers given import license by the Indonesia Ministry of Trade. List of the importers can be seen in Annex B.

Most chemical substances such as HCFCs and HFCs are imported from China, Netherland, India, Canada, USA, and also imported through Malaysia and Singapore. The approximate composition of original country of HFC is shown in Figure 2.1.9

Figure 2.1 Imported HFCs Country of origin

9 Evaluation of import data obtained from Custom office, Ministry of Environment, and Ministry of Trade of

Indonesia.

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3. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

Table 3.1 show some government offices, agencies, bodies, and private institutions which are stakeholder who may be involved in any RACs technology conversion program and their roles. These institutions play an important role in influencing the pace at which HFC consumption is increasing and quantities of HFC consumption in Indonesian market.

Table 3.1 List of stakeholder and their role in RACs conversion

STAKEHOLDER ROLE

Ministry of Environment (MoE) Deputy Minister’s Office for Climate Change Mitigation and Environmental Damage Control

Lead agency in implementation of ozone protection program and climate change.

Ministry of Industry (MoI) – Directorate for Electronics and Telemetric Industry

Directorate for Machineries and Agriculture Equipment industry

Center of Studies for Green Industry and Environment

Product Certification Agency (LSPRO)

Center for Materials and Technical Products (B4T)

Regulatory agency for home appliances, including small scale RACs

Regulatory agency for larger capacities RACs Recommendations for policy and regulations for appliances including EE RACs

Certification of products and equipment quality and performance, including energy efficiency if included in the standard Provision of laboratory testing services for small appliances and engineering materials

Ministry of Trade - Directorate General of Domestic Trade Directorate General of Standardization and Consumer Protection

Regulatory agency for market and distribution of appliances, including refrigerant for RACs

Regulatory agency for disseminating and ensuring that standards are followed in the products

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

Directorate General for New and Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (DG-NREEC)/

DGNREEC-MEMR is responsible in enactment of energy efficiency policy and regulation for RACs and providing technical assistance in relation to improving energy efficiency measures of RACs.

National Standards Bureau (BSN) Issue national standards on energy performance of RACs and non-HCFC refrigerant.

STAKEHOLDER ROLE

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Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)

Thermodynamics, engine and propulsion laboratory (BTMP) Center for Energy conversion and Conservation (PTKKE)

BPPT will provide technical expertise as required in development of RACs performance testing procedures and administering the bench marking of energy efficiency for larger capacities of RAC

Industry organizations (ASHRAE Indonesia Chapter, GABEL)

ASHRAE Indonesia Chapter and GABEL will be the partner associations for sector-wide activities in technology conversion implementation.

RAC Manufacturers, distributor, and service center

Technology development and production and become important stakeholder for technology conversion program

Refrigerant Importer, distributor and retailer Important stakeholder in controlling the domestic refrigerant trade

Banks and financial institutions, e.g. Bank Mandiri , Bank BNI, etc.

Source of financial packages for supporting technology projects for RAC manufacturers

Indonesia Consumer Association (YLKI) Association that protect consumers’ right as well as providing products information for consumers. The association will be involved in market development activities in which consumer education program will be implemented.

Local Government Local government will be partner in implementing technology conversion related regulations for RACs at local level.

Ministry of Finance Provision of policies and regulations for financial packages in supporting RAC manufacturing

Donors (MLF, GEF, GIZ, Governments of Australia, Japan, USA, etc.)

Donors will partially finance adoption of low-GWP alternatives and energy-efficiency enhancements in RAC manufacturer.

In the following sections, industry overview of different HFC consuming sectors are presented in detail along with expected consumption trends.

3.1 REFRIGERATION SECTOR The refrigeration sub sectors and the some example of equipment are shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Refrigeration Sub-sector

SUBSECTOR EQUIPMENT

Domestic Refrigeration Fridge, small freezer, water dispenser

Commercial Refrigeration < 12 hp Ice cream box, bottle cooler, supermarket display cabinet, kitchen equipment

Industrial Refrigeration > 12 hp Cold room, chilling/ice plant, refrigerated warehouse

9

The consumption path in refrigeration sector can be seen in Figure 3.1 Some refrigeration units marketed in Indonesia are manufactured locally and some are imported through official sole agent. The units are then sold to the end user through distributors and the service and repair are done by the distributors (authorized serviced center) or by small service workshops. The refrigerant is imported by the importers or by the local manufacturers. While the local manufacturer will charge the equipment in the factory, the imported units would be charged prior to import (i.e., in the country of manufacture). Refrigerant from refrigerant importer is also distributed to the refrigerant retailers and/or service centers. The service centers charge the units (service charge) after repairing the unit. List of local manufacturer and importers for domestic refrigeration units in Indonesia can be seen in Annex C, Table C.1.

Figure 3.1 Consumption maps of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Sectors

It is difficult to classify manufacturer into commercial or industrial refrigeration manufacturer because most of them produce both of commercial and industrial refrigeration units. List of commercial and industrial refrigeration manufacturers can be seen in Annex C, Table C.2. Some are classified as large sized and they manufacture a range of commercial and industrial products. They are equipped with facilities for foam manufacturing (both sandwich panels and foaming of commercial refrigeration equipment) as well as refrigeration system manufacturing. Some enterprises are medium-sized, which are reasonably well-organized and mainly engaged in commercial refrigeration, with both foaming and refrigerant operations. The rest are enterprises, which do not have foaming operations, are engaged in manufacturing of refrigeration systems such as condensing units and assembly of refrigeration systems for cold rooms/cold box.

Unit

Refrigerant charge

REFRIGERANT

IMPORTER

MA

NU

FAC

TUR

ER LOC

AL

MA

NU

FAC

TUR

ED Factory Charge

DIS

TRIB

UTO

R/

SER

VIC

E C

ENTE

R

REFRIGERANT

RETAILER

END

USE

R

Service Charge

IMP

OR

TED

UN

IT Service Charge

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3.2 AIR CONDITIONING SECTOR

The air conditioning sector is divided into several sub-sectors. These sub-sectors are shown in Table 3.3. The consumption map of the air conditioning sector is similar to that of Refrigeration sector as shown in Figure 3.1. Some major local manufacturer in Air Conditioning can be seen in Annex C, Table C.3. The AC sector has five main enterprises, which are manufacturers with high capability in manufacturing heat exchangers and some components of AC unit and 17 other enterprises, which are mainly assemblers, installer, and/or distributors.

Table 3.3 Air Conditioning sub-sector

SUBSECTOR EQUIPMENT

Residential unit up to 3 hp Split system

Light Commercial unit up to 30 hp Split system

Package System air cooled

Package System water cooled

Commercial > 30 hp Package System air cooled

Package System water cooled

Positive displacement chiller Air cooled

Water cooled

Centrifugal chiller Water cooled

3.3 FOAM SECTOR

The foam sector can be categorized into two subsectors, namely, integral skin and rigid foam sub-sector. The Rigid foam relates to appliance, construction (panel) and transport, while integral skin relates to automotive and furniture part. The consumption map of this sector can be seen in Figure 3.2. The importers could be full trader, systems house that produces polyols blended with foam blowing agent, or trader -blending house. The imported substance could be bulk blowing agent, pre-blended polyol, or pure polyol.

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Figure 3.2 Consumption maps of Foam Sectors

Some major local manufacturer in foam sector can be seen in Table C.4.

3.4 MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING SECTOR

Mobile and Transportation ACs are used in automotive, bus and truck. There are several AC brands for this sector such as Nippon Denso, Sanden, Thermoking and other built-up AC unit which is imported as part of the imported cars/bus/truck. The cars, bus, or truck are, both, produced locally in Indonesia and imported. Some cars, and truck produced in Indonesia are also exported. Table C.5 show some local car, bus and truck manufacturer, sole agent, and distributors in Indonesia.

Unit

HCFC Consumption

BLENDING HOUSE

MA

NU

FAC

TUR

ER

END

USE

R

CHEMICAL IMPORTER

INTE

GR

AL

SKIN

RIG

ID F

OA

M

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3.5 SOLVENT SECTOR

In general, solvents are used for cleaning in various application shown in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4 Application of solvent

Application

Cleaning agent in Foundry Industry

Cleaning agent in Automotive, machine, and motorbike components manufacture

Solvent for tin plated can coating process

Solvent in ink and paint industry

Solvent in automotive lubricant industry

Electronics Cleaning (Non-HDD)

Electronic Surfactants and Additives and Photo Acid Generators **

Solvent in Coating processes

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Cleaning & Coating

Wafer Cleaning

Specialty Fluids Non Electronics (SFNE) Cleaning & Coating

Solvent and lubricant in Medical Applications

Movie Film Cleaning

Precision Optics Cleaning

Metal Working/ Wire Drawing

Table C.6 shows list of some enterprises in those sub-sectors discussed above.

3.6 AEROSOL SECTOR

Since CFCs consumption are banned in Indonesia, HFC substances are used as propellant in aerosol sector. The main use of the substances are in the cosmetic, insecticide, and other aerosol application. Table C.7 shows some enterprises in the aerosol sector.

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4. HFC CONSUMPTION LEVEL

4.1 DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION SECTOR

Domestic refrigeration consist of fridge, freezer and water dispenser. It comprises a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanism to transfer heat from it to the external environment, cooling the contents to a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water for inhibiting growth of bacteria to keep it fresh. Vapor compression was technology that is used in refrigerator with some basic component such as, compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator.

In year 2002, the total population of domestic refrigeration was 17,576,541 units. It consist of 16,041,667 units of fridge and freezer, and 1,534,874 units of water dispenser10. This study found that in 2003 the sale of domestic refrigeration and water dispenser is around 1.5 million unit and 0.45 million units, respectively. It is also found that the sales of domestic refrigeration grew to almost 27 % in 2004 but the growth dropped to -5 % in year 2005. It is projected that the growth of the sales will be around 15% up to year 2006 and then increase to 20% in year 2010, and 37% in average of the next years, so that in year 2020 the total population of domestic refrigerator in Indonesia reach around 54 million units which in line with the projection done by BRESL project11. This growth of production and population of the domestic refrigeration is depicted in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1 Projection of Domestic Refrigeration annual production and population

10 UNDP, Project Document: Phase-out Management Plan for CFCs in the Refrigeration (Servicing) Sector in Indonesia, 38th Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, 2002. 11 Hilmawan Edi, Said Mustafa, Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling Policy in Indonesia, International corporation for Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling Policy, JICA, Tokyo, Japan, 2009

14

Almost all of domestic refrigerator producers in Indonesia use R-134a as the primary substitute for the fluid CFC-12 as a result of Montreal Protocol. R134a is considered as an environmentally safe refrigerant and is essentially non-toxic but its GWP (global warming potential) effect is very high. The refrigerant charge consist of manufacturing charge and servicing charge. Manufacturing refers to those activities in the production process of domestic refrigeration appliances that involve the charge of a refrigerant into an appliance refrigeration system and the handling of a refrigerant. Servicing refers to the repair of the appliances after they have been sold to end-users. It includes only those repair activities that require refilling of the refrigerant in the refrigeration system of the appliances. The charge of refrigerant for domestic refrigerator ranges from 50 to 250 gram12. The manufacture charge is calculated based on the amount of unit production only. The imported unit is about 15% of annual production depicted in the previous graph. Assuming that only 10% of domestic refrigeration population unit is repaired annually, the average amount of charge is 75 g for both in manufacture and service, then the annual HFC-134a consumption can be calculated, and it is shown in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2 Annual refrigerant consumption (HFC-134a) in Domestic Refrigeration Sector

From this figure, it can be seen that the HFC-134a consumption grows from 400 Tons in year 2009 to 2,110 Tons in year 2020. If the GWP of the HFC-134a is 143013, then the potential annual direct emission can be projected as shown in Figure 4.3. The emission will grow from 572 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2009 to 3017 kTons CO2eq in year 2020.

12 UNDP, Project Document: Phase-out Management Plan for CFCs in the Refrigeration (Servicing) Sector in Indonesia, 38th Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, 2002 13 IPCC, Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007, www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html (latest access 22 December 2013)

15

Figure 4.3 Potential annual direct emissions from Domestic Refrigeration Sector with HFC-

134a refrigerant in Indonesia

4.2 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION SECTORS In the commercial and industrial refrigeration sub-sector, products manufactured are chest coolers and freezers, under-counter refrigerators, ice-cube makers, visi-coolers, display cabinets, reach-in and walk-in coolers and freezers, cold room, cold storage etc. which use HCFC-22 as the refrigerant and HCFC-141b as the blowing agent in the rigid polyurethane foam insulation. HFC-134a started to be used in this sector immediately after CFCs were phase out. In year 2009, R-410A was introduced in this sector, and some other HFC mixtures/blends became popular in year 2011 as a consequent of accelerated HCFC phase out that was announced in previous year. Table 4.1 shows the HCFC and HFC refrigerant used in this sector for years 2000 to 2011. A survey done in year 200214 reveals that the estimated population of commercial refrigeration appliances, systems and installations in Indonesia is 495,648. This comprises of about 450,000 small-sized unitary systems, such as chest freezers, bottle coolers, water coolers, visi coolers, vending machines, etc. and 45,468 medium sized systems such as large display cabinets and counters, reach-in refrigerators and freezers, super market refrigeration systems with single or multiple compressors, etc.


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Table 4.1 Refrigerant consumption data on Manufacturing of Commercial and Industrial

Refrigeration Sector, Ton

Sectors Years

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011

HCFC-22 68.49 83.20 100.75 127.25 168.09 222.21 259.99

HFC-134a 0.67 2.04 4.44 6.65 11.35 16.89 16.11

R-404A 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.35 1.26 4.22 6.82

R-410A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.09

R-507C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Another survey for HCFC phase-out management plant was done in year 200915. Lists of products produced by local manufacturers, number of unit produced annually and HCFC consumed, and is shown in Table 4.2.

15 KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) for Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets for Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

17

Table 4.2 Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration local manufacturer data (year 2009)

Enterprise Name Main Product Manufactured Range of capacity

(hp)

Annual Production (ref. unit/year) (m2 foam/year)

Estimated Annual HCFC Consumption

Refrigerant (Ton)

Blowing Agent (Ton)

Total (Ton)

PT. Sumo Elco Mandiri Condensing units and refrigeration systems for cold rooms including finned tube heat exchangers, Sandwich polyurethane foam panels

1.0 – 80 3500 133,000

37.5 33.9 71.4

PT. Alpinecool Utama Condensing units and refrigeration system for cold rooms, supermarket showcase and system, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

1.0 - 100 2150 350,000

22.6 50.4 73.0

PT. Rotaryana Prima Walk-in cold rooms, mini cold rooms, reach-in coolers and freezers, under-counter coolers and freezers, display cabinets and showcases, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 25 4700 42,800

14.2 33.8 47.8

PT. Mentari Metal Pratama Walk-in cold rooms, mini cold rooms, bottle coolers, ice machines, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 20 2100 108,000

6.4 7.1 13.5

PT. Aneka Coolcitratama Cold rooms, blast freezer, sandwich foam panels

5 - 250 470 54,000

5.0 15.8 20.8

PT. Airtech Inti Condensing units and refrigeration units, cold rooms, supermarket systems, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 80 430 58,500

4.5 10.1 14.6

18


(hp)



Refrigerant (Ton)

Blowing Agent (Ton)

Total (Ton)

PT. Jalur Sejuk Refrigeration units, cold rooms, blast freezers, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

3.0 - 80 160 66,500

2.8 7.1 9.9

PT. Polysari Citratama Condensing units, refrigeration units, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 30 200 100,000

2.1 7.6 9.7

PT. Inti Tunggal Persada Jaya

Condensing units, refrigeration units, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 40 100 42,000

1.7 4.0 5.7

PT. Indo Prima Teknik Walk-in cold rooms, reach-in refrigerators, under-counter refrigerators, polyurethane foam sandwich panels

0.5 - 30 430 21,400

1.1 5.0 6.1

PT. Koronka Nusantara Walk-in cold rooms, reach-in refrigerators, under-counter refrigerators, polyurethane foam sandwich panels

0.5 - 60 270 27,000

2.8 1.8 4.6

PT. ACR Kapuk Condensing units and refrigeration units, cold rooms, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 80 650 110,000

2.6 9.2 11.8

PT. Jasa Teknik Condensing units and refrigeration units, cold rooms, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 80 780 98,000

3.1 9.3 12.4

PT. Kulkasindo Refrigeration units, supermarket showcases, walk-in coolers, sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 20 100 32,000

1.1 4.0 5.1

19


(hp)



Refrigerant (Ton)

Blowing Agent (Ton)

Total (Ton)

PT. Intermas Pacific Refrigeration units, supermarket showcase, walk-in cooler sandwich polyurethane foam panels

0.5 - 20 300 108,000

3.2 8.6 11.8

PT. Sabindo Refrigeration Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

5.0 – 80 390 0

1.1 0 1.1

PT. Pagoda Sakti Prima Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

3.0 – 80 250 0

2.6 o 2.6

PT. Global Technik Condensing units 2 - 120 940 0

3.9 0 3.9

PT. Avis Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

5.0 - 200 350 0

3.5 0 3.5

PT. Rotaryana Engineering Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

5.0 - 80 290 0

3.8 0 3.8

PT. Aneka Frooze Triutama Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

3.0 - 80 320 0

3.4 0 3.4

PT. Copel Andalan Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

5.0 – 80 470 0

4.8 0 4.8

PT. Graha Cool Technic Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

5 - 80 380 0

3.6 0 3.6

PT. Tegar Inti Santosa Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

3.0 - 60 215 0

2.5 0 2.5

PT. United Refrigeration Condensing units, cold room refrigeration systems

5 - 80 265 0

3.2 0 3.2

20


(hp)



Refrigerant (Ton)

Blowing Agent (Ton)

Total (Ton)

PT. Gaya Teknik Surabaya Condensing units (rack system), cold room refrigeration systems

5.0 – 80 220 0

3.1 0 3.1

PT. Ilthabi Mandiri Condensing units and refrigeration system 2.0 – 80 135 0

2.5 0 2.5

21

The unit population of all manufactures can be estimated based on the survey data above, the growth before year 2006 is 10% and then 15% up to year 2011 and the increase to 17 % after that year. The estimated unit population growth can be seen in Figure 4.4 and 4.5.

Figure 4.4 Projection of Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration HCFC units population

Figure 4.5 Projection of Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration HCFC and HFC unit

population

22

Regardless of the unit capacity, the average consumption for HCFC refrigerant and blowing agent can be estimated by knowing the average refrigerant charge per unit and the average blowing agent need per square meter of PU foam produced respectively. The growth of the consumption were assumed similar to the growth of the population.

Some HFC refrigerants such as HFC-134a, HFC-404A, and HFC-410A, have been used for several years and these HFC’s refrigerants consumption is around 5% of the HCFC refrigerant consumption in 2006, and increase to 10 % in 2011, and increase drastically as the HCFC phase out acceleration was announced in 2013. In the early years, these HFC refrigerant consumption was dominated by HFC-134A (98%) and the remaining is HFC-404A (2%). In future years, the proportion of R-404A increases significantly as R-134a decreases. This is shown in Table 4.1. For blowing agent, there are no HFC’s was being used. In 2015, HCFC refrigerant and blowing agent will be phase-out in manufacturing sectors. In this year refrigerant, HCFC-22 consumption in manufacturing should be zero, however in reality, it is expected that the consumption of HCFC 22 only decreases to 50%. It is estimated that the use of HFC-32, HFC-134a, R-410A, R-404A, and R-507C is 22.7%, 29.5%, 1.05%, 36.5% and 0.8% respectively. The amount of HFC-32 charge is assumed as 70% of HCFC. In the years after 2015, the consumption of HCFC-22 will decreases significantly and the consumption of HFC especially HFC-32 will increase.

For servicing sub-sector, the consumption of refrigerant is calculated with the assumption that 30 % of unit population is serviced annually with the average consumption of 9.5 kg per unit.

For blowing agent, the large manufacturers will convert their foam technology to cyclopentane technology, hence there will be no more HCFC or HFC used in these manufacturers. For medium company, HFC-245fa (85%) and HFC-365mfc (15%) are expected to be used. The projected consumption level from year 2009 to 2020 can be seen in the Figures 4.6 to 4.7 and Figure 4.8 show the potential direct emission. From these figures, it can be seen that the consumption of HCFC will increase from 473 tons in year 2009 to 1,020 tons in year 2014 and then decrease gradually to 39 tons in year 2020. HFCs consumption increases from 19 tons in year 2009 to 398 tons in year 2015 and then reaches 1,208 tons in year 2020. The consumption in this sector will give potential direct emission of 1,328 kTons CO2eq. from HCFC and 300 kTons CO2eq. from HFC in year 2014 and becomes 68 kTons CO2eq. from HCFC and 1,720 kTons CO2eq. from HFC.

23

Figure 4.6 Annual HCFC and HFC refrigerant consumption in Manufacturing and Servicing of

Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Sector

Figure 4.7 Annual HCFC and HFC refrigerant and blowing agent consumption in Commercial

and Industrial Refrigeration Sector

24

Figure 4.8 Annual Total HCFC and HFC consumption in Commercial and Industrial

Refrigeration Sector

Figure 4.9 Potential annual direct emissions from HCFC and consumed in Commercial and

Industrial Refrigeration Sector

25

4.3 RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL AND TRANSPORT AIR CONDITIONING SECTORS

Only few local manufacturers of Air Conditioning units exist in Indonesia and hence the consumption of the residential, commercial and transport air conditioning sectors are combined. For example, there is only one local manufacturer for residential AC - that is PT. Panasonic Indonesia and only one for transport AC which is PT. Cipta Karya Mandiri. Some refrigeration manufacturer such as PT. Ilthabi Mandiri Teknik also deal with Air Conditioning for ships, while AC for trucks and buses will be discussed in MAC Sector section later in the report. Some big manufacturers such as PT. Panasonic, PT. Gita Mandiri Teknik, PT. Industri Tata Udara, PT. Metropolitan Bayu Industri, PT. Fatasarana Makmur produce the heat exchangers for the refrigeration unit, and none of them produce compressor. Most of the other manufacturers are assemblers and installers. They import or buy compressors, heat exchangers and other components from other manufactures, and assemble them to make customized units. Others just install the AC unit in the room to be conditioned. Table 4.3 shows the list of manufacturer, assembler and installer of AC and the product types, and amount of HCFC consumed. This data was obtained from a survey done by the Ministry of Environment in year 2009 for HPMP preparation. Based on this data, the population of units, amount of refrigerant consumed and potential direct emission can be projected.

Figure 4.10 to 4.12 show the Air Conditioning (AC) unit population projection. While for Residential AC, the grow rate is estimated at 12%, while for other type of units the grow rate is 6% annually.

Figure 4.13 and 4.14 show the HCFC-22 and HFCs consumption from year 2009. The amount of HCFC-22 in year 2009 is the sum of refrigerant consumption for each company as shown in Table 4.3. The growth is estimated at 9% in average. The HFC consumption consists of R-32, R-410A, R-134a and R-407C. Before 2015, there is no R-32 application, 89.5 % of consumption is dominated by HCFC-22, 9.5% R-410A, 0.5% HFC-134a, and 0.5% R-407C. This fraction of consumption is estimated from the calculation based on fraction of consumption of refrigerant in each sector as shown in Table 4.4

26

Table 4.3 Commercial, Residential and Transport AC local manufacturer data (year 2009)

Enterprise Name Main Product Manufactured Range of capacity (hp)

Annual Production (ref. unit/year)

Estimated Annual HCFC Consumption Refrigerant

(Tons)

PT. Panasonic Indonesia Residential AC Up to 2.5 266,6141 184.34

PT. Fatasarana Makmur Light Commercial AC Air Cooled Chillers

3.0 – 30 5 - 400

2,227 12

48.48

PT. Gita Mandiri Teknik

Light Commercial Commercial Transportation AC Air Cooled Chiller Water Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

3 - 70 5 – 400 5 - 400

3,826 5

42 209 18

98,98

PT. Industri Tata Udara Light Commercial Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

5 - 400

375 1 5

10.78

PT. Metropolitan Bayuindustri Light Commercial Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

5 - 400

502 9 3

10.88

PT. Berkat Andijaya Elektrindo Light Commercial 3 – 30 2,050 10.01

PT. Cipta Karya Mandiri Insani Transportation AC 3.0 - 70 15 0.26

PT. Daikin Airkon Light Commercial 3 – 30 44,830 59.93

27




(Tons)

PT. Jaya Teknik Light Commercial Air Cooled Chiller Water Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 5 - 400 5 - 400

362 5 2

4.85

PT. LG Indonesia Light Commercial 3 - 30 4,821 37.19

PT. Maturnuwun Indonesia

Light Commercial Commercial Air Cooled Chiller Water Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

5 – 400 5 - 400

281 9

17 3

6.50

PT. Planet Elektrindo Light Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 5 – 400

640 9

9.35

PT. Rodamas Light Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 5 – 400

736 3

6.42

PT. Sarana Airkon Utama Light Commercial Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

5 – 400

146 24 8

8.7

PT. Sarana Sumber Semesta Light Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 5 – 400

497 12

8.30

PT. Sekawan Abadi Jaya Light Commercial Water Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 5 – 400

490 1

5.39

28




(Tons)

PT. Seltech Utama


3 – 30 >30

5 – 400 5 - 400

531 74 59 1

9.89

PT. Tata Solusi Pratama


3 – 30 >30

5 – 400 5 - 400

1,859 27 14 2

17.53

PT. Trane Indonesia Light Commercial Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

5 – 400

1,495 12 25

25.04

PT. Waskita Prima Guna Light Commercial Air Cooled Chiller Water Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

5 – 400

590 26 2

10.06

PT. Wira Kusuma Sejahtera Light Commercial Commercial Air Cooled Chiller

3 – 30 >30

5 – 400

2,960 6

19 13.92

29

Table 4.4 Fraction consumption of several refrigerants in AC sub-sectors

Sub-sector Fraction of refrigerant

Consumption, %

HCFC-22, % R-410A, % R-407C, % R-134a, %

Residential AC 43,27 38.95 4.11 0.22 0.00

Light Commercial 47.36 42.63 4.50 0.24 0.00

Commercial 1.24 1.12 0.12 0.01 0.00

Transportation AC 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00

Air Cooled Chiller 5.21 4.69 0.50 0.03 0.00

Water Cooled Chiller 2.62 1.84 0.25 0.01 0.52

Total 100 89.50 9.47 0.50 0.52

Source: Assessment after consultation with some manufacturers

In year 2015, refrigerant HCFC-22 consumption in manufacturing should be zero. However, in reality, it is expected that the consumption of HCFC 22 will only decrease to 50% of the consumption in the previous year. The amount of HFC-32 charge is assumed as 70% of HCFC-22. In the years after 2015, the consumption of HCFC-22 will decreases significantly and the consumption of HFC especially HFC-32 will increase.

The refrigerant consumption in servicing for each sub-sector is estimated based on survey data obtained in 200916

The potential direct emission is estimated as the amount of consumption multiply by the GWP’s of each refrigerant. The estimation of this direct emission is shown in Figure 4.15.

From the figures mentioned above, it can be seen that in the years after 2015, the consumption of HCFC-22 decreases significantly and the consumption of HFC especially HFC-32 increases. HCFC consumption increases from 1,822 tons in year 2009 to 2,788 tons in year 2014, and then drops to 1,394 tons in year 2015 and continues to decrease to 139 tons in year 2020, while HFC consumption continues to grow from 190 tons in year 2009 to 2,355 tons in year 2020. The potential direct emission from this sector was estimated at 3,280 kTons CO2

eq. of HCFC and 401 kTons CO2 eq. of HFC in year 2009 and become 252 kTons CO2 eq. of HCFC and 2,514 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2020.

16 KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) For Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets For Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

30

Figure 4.10 Residential AC population

Figure 4.11 Light Commercial AC population

31

Figure 4.12 Commercial, Transportation, Air Cooled Chiller, and Water Cooled Chillers

population

Figure 4.13 HCFC and HFCs consumption in manufacturing and servicing of Commercial and

Residential AC Sector

32

Figure 4.14 Total HCFC and HFC consumption in Commercial and Residential AC Sector

Figure 4.15 Projection of potential direct emission from HCFC and HFC in Commercial and

Residential AC Sector

33

4.4 FOAM SECTOR

Almost all foam manufacturers use HCFC-141b as the blowing agent. Very few manufacturers have already used cyclopentane and water for certain applications. The results of survey carried out in year 2009 is shown in Table 4.5. The HCFC-141b consumption in each company is shown in this table. In the year 2007 and 2008, the consumption was declining and then it increases at 10% growth annually from the year 2010. This consumption is then extrapolated up to year 2020 with similar growth rate.

In year 2015, when HCFC phase-out regulation would be enforced, the HCFC-141b is expected to be replaced by cyclopentane or HFCs. Three large manufacturers i.e. Porkka Indonesia, Maspion Elektronik, and Topjaya Antariksa Elektronics, would convert their manufacture facility from HCFC-141b technology to cyclopentane technology. The others would change to HFC technology such as HFC-245fa or HFC-365mfc. The HCFC-141b is supposed to be replaced immediately, but in reality, some time delays can be experienced in the conversion process. The changes of HCFC-141b, HFCs and HC consumption is shown in Figure 4.16

The GWPs of HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc are higher compared to HCFC-141b. However, the consumption of these HFCs are 50% less than HCFC. Potential direct emission of the blowing agents in kTons CO2 eq. is shown in Figure 4.17. The figures obtained by multiplying the consumptions with their GWPs. The GWP of HCFC-141b, HFC-245fa is 650 and 950, respectively; the GWP of HFC-365mfc is similar to that of HFC-245fa.

From Figure 4.16, it can be seen that consumption of HCFC-141b will decrease to 758 ton in year 2015 and will reduce to 99 tons by the year 2020. HC (cyclopentane) will increase sharply from 739 tons in year 2015 to 1,729 tons in year 2020 and HFC will increase from 251 tons in year 2015 to 863 tons in year 2020. The GWP of HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc is higher compared to HCFC-141b. However, the consumption of these HFCs are 50% less the HCFC. Potential direct emission of the blowing agents in foam sector from HCFC will decrease from 883 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2014 to 64 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2020. Figure 4.17 shows that the direct emission of HC and HFCs, which is almost similar, will increase from 238 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2015 to 820 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2020.

34

Table 4.5 Foam local manufacturer Data (year 2009 - 2011)

NO Company Name HCFC-141b Consumption

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

RIGID FOAM

APPLIANCE - FREEZER

1 Denpoo Mandiri Indonesia, PT. 738 86 96 108 118

2 Porkka Indonesia, PT 16,888 21,280 16,400 18,368 20,572 22,629

3 Pemuda Tehnik, CV. 1,013 1,069 1,266 1,418 1,588 1,747

APPLIANCE - DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION

1 Maspion Elektronik, PT. 11,925 19,350 20,250 22,680 25,402 27,942

2 Topjaya Antariksa Elektronics, PT. 71,355 93,720 96,915 108,545 121,570 133,727

3 Sinar Lentera Kencana SILKA, PT. 19,140 21,437 24,009

4 Mayer Jaya, PD. 14,270 15,982 17,900

OTHER APPLIANCE

1 Cahaya Mirahdelima,PT 23,000 20,000 22,000 24,640 27,597 30,908

2 Cahaya Perdana Plastic, PT. 37,600 25,300 24,675 27,636 30,952 34,667

3 Delta Atlantik Indah, PT. 900 813 1,000 1,120 1,254 1,405

4 Dilihan Glory, PT. 9,775 10,000 17,066 19,114 21,407 23,976

5 Duaroda Saranatama 3,713 3,713 5,579 6,248 6,998 7,838

35


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

6 Grahaexcel Plastindo, PT. 113 169 635 711 797 892

7 Haripin Putra, PT. 2,188 2,500 2,500 2,800 3,136 3,512

8 Kirana Pacific Luas, PT 1,250 1,250 2,625 2,940 3,293 3,688

9 Langgeng Makmur Industri, PT. 1,238 2,138 1,575 1,764 1,976 2,213

10 Maspion Plastic & Metal Industry, PT. 17,398 17,888 19,953 22,347 25,028 28,032

11 Multiplast Indo Makmur, PT 149 194 162 182 204 228

12 Restu, UD 1,061 1,391 1,558 1,745 1,954

13 Tepat Guna Utama, PT. 998 8,764 7,500 8,400 9,408 10,537

TRANSPORTATION

1 Harrison, UD 591 946 601 673 754 830

2 Leo Indokreasi Fiberglass, PT. 2,278 2,005 2,256 2,527 2,830 3,113

3 Sumber Airconindo Sejahtera, PT 2,050 2,569 3,088 3,458 3,873 4,428

4 Laksana, CV. 1,800 1,890 2,070 2,318 2,597 2,908

5 Tri Sakti, CV 1,413 1,700 1,550 1,736 1,944 2,178

6 Adi Budaya Cipta, PT 90 101 113 126

7 Cipta Karya, CV 675 900 1,200 1,344 1,505 1,686

CONSTRUCTION PANEL

1 Airtekindo Prima, PT. 36,000 40,000 46,000 52,000 58,783 66,450

2 Isotech Jaya Makmur, PT. 21,000 18,000 12,000 14,650 17,885 21,835

3 Anto Indo Foam, PD 210 235 263 295

4 Bernadi Utama, PT 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,800 3,136 3,512

36

5 Bina Teknik, PT. 6,769 11,400 12,588 14,098 15,790 17,685


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

6 Bondor Indonesia, PT. 56 281 369 413 463 518

7 Bostinco, PT. 705 881 764 855 958 1,073

8 Bukaka Trans System, PT. (d/h Pangaji Refconindo)

65 21,188 23,375 26,180 29,322 32,840

9 Dasa Windu Agung, PT. 3,200 9,216 11,136 12,472 13,969 15,645

10 Dinamika Inti Surya Cemerlang, PT. 2,813 5,063 6,750 7,560 8,467 9,483

11 Duta Tehnik, CV 4,125 5,500 8,250 9,240 10,349 11,591

12 Herry Jaya Sejati, PT. 13,724 22,461 19,970 22,366 25,050 28,056

13 Indoklima Sarana Engineering, PT. 2,438 3,900 7,938 8,890 9,957 11,152

14 Isopanel Dunia, PT. 18,478 78,755 38,067 42,634 47,751 53,481

15 Lion Metal Works, PT, Tbk 739 1,191 889 996 1,115 1,249

16 Mutiara Rizki Sejahtera, PT 18,000 19,500 21,200 23,744 26,593 29,784

17 Nusa Pribumi, PT. 567 634 711 796

18 Pancakarya Telecomindo, PT 2,375 2,660 2,979 3,337

19 Saka Baja Jaya, PT. 1,406 2,813 7,875 8,820 9,878 11,064

20 Samrow, UD 500 563 625 700 784 878

21 Saniyu Profilindo, PT. 20 25 25 28 31 35

22 Tamacool, CV 1,890 2,333 5,163 5,782 6,476 7,253

23 Tansri Gani, PT. (manuf, & Blend.Hsh) 112,000 65,000 78,000 87,360 97,843 109,584

24 V. Com Teknik, UD. 4,500 6,000 8,000 8,960 10,035 11,239

25 Wijaya Karya Intrade, PT 1,462 1,695 1,808 2,025 2,268 2,541

37

26 Willich Isolasi Pratama, PT. 600 672 753 843


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

INTEGRAL SKIN - AUTOMOTIVE

1 Laksana, CV. 2,100 2,205 2,415 2,898 3,478 3,825

2 Adiputro Wirasejati Malang, PT. 2,430 2,640 3,075 3,690 4,428 4,871

3 Anto Indo Foam, PD 6,060 5,442 8,750 10,500 12,600 13,860

4 Dasa Windu Agung, PT. 11,750 16,280 15,980 19,176 23,011 25,312

5 Mitra Sakti Mulia, PT. d/h Mitra Sakti Motor

750 1,000 1,000 1,200 1,440 1,584

6 Rizata Wijaya, PT. 3,300 3,600 4,000 4,800 5,760 6,336

7 Sinar Mulia, CV. (d/h Sumber Mulia) 5,044 5,419 5,718 6,862 8,234 9,057

8 Bintang Atlas Kreasindo, CV 2,000 1,000 2,000 2,400 2,880 3,168

9 Frina Lestari Nusantara,PT 1,200 1,600 4,400 5,280 6,336 6,970

10 Laksana Teknik Makmur, PT 689 826 918 1,102 1,322 1,454

11 Yopi Motor, PT. 750 750 500 600 720 92

INTEGRAL SKIN - FURNITURE

1 Kumala Indah Tata, PT. 13,500 14,500 15,000 18,000 21,600 23,760

2 Biru SCK Interkreasindo, PT. 1,600 1,900 1,700 2,040 2,448 2,693

3 Multi Nugraha Kencana, PT 6,000 7,000 7,500 9,000 10,800 11,880

4 Pungut Permai Perkasa, PT. 120 240 270 324 389 428

5 Cipta Foamindo Indah, PT 4,500 5,750 6,250 7,500 9,000 9,900

6 Nirwana, PT 1,449 1,701 2,295 2,754 3,305 3,635

38

7 Anugerah Makmur Cemerlang, CV. 2,250 2,250 1,800 2,160 2,592 2,851


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

BLENDING HOUSE

1 Intimas Chemindo, PT. 100,000 250,000 450,000 810,000 972,000 1,166,400

GRAND TOTAL 625,687 882,071 1,103,043 1,702,653 1,981,814 2,294,035

Sources: KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) For Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets For Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

39

Figure 4.16 Consumption growths of HCFC-141b, HFCs, and HC in Foam Sector

Figure 4.17 Potential direct emissions from HCFC-141b, HFCs and HC in Foam Sector

40

4.5 MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING (MAC) SECTORS Indonesian government has positioned the automotive sector as one of the country’s five priority industries to focus on and currently, Indonesian automotive industry is the second largest market in ASEAN17 The production levels in this sector is growing very rapidly. After growing at annual average rate of 20% during years 2008 to 2011, the Indonesian automotive market hit a remarkable milestone in 2011 by achieving a new sales record of 894,164 units. The local production volume achieved in 2011 is 837,948 units, after growing at an annual average rate of 26 % during the last 5 years. Total number and production automobile in Indonesia from 2008 till 2012 is shown in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6 Population and production of automobile years 2008 to 2012 in Indonesia

Year Type Total Population

(1000 units) Production (1000 units)

2008

Cars 5383 431

Bus 1371 3

Truck 3116 166

Total 9869 601

2009

Cars 5735 352

Bus 1373 2

Truck 3226 110

Total 10334 465

2010

Cars 6231 497

Bus 1377 4

Truck 3428 202

Total 11037 703

2011

Cars 6793 562

Bus 1381 4

Truck 3700 272

Total 11875 838

2012

Cars 7537 744

Bus 1387 5

Truck 4017 317

Total 12940 1066

17 Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries, automobile production in Indonesia 2008-2012. http://www.gaikindo.or.id, accessed: 20 December 2013.

41

All of Mobile Air Conditioning in Indonesia use HFC-134a as the refrigerant. However, only some are air conditioned. By assuming the percentage of car, bus, and truck with air conditioning unit are 80%, 60% and 10% of the total population respectively, the population and production of automobile with HFC-134a air conditioning unit can be calculated and the results are shown in Table 4.7. The growth up to year 2020 is assumed to be 17%. The projection of population and production is shown in Figure 4.18.

Figure 4.18 Population and production growth of automobile in Indonesia year 2008 to 2012

42

Table 4.7 Population and production of automobile with HFC-134a air conditioning unit years 2008 to 2012 in Indonesia

Year Type Population

(1000 units) Production (1000 units)

2008

Cars 4306 345

Bus 823 1.8

Truck 312 17

Total 5440 364

2009

Cars 4588 282

Bus 824 1.4

Truck 323 11

Total 5734 294

2010

Cars 4985 397

Bus 826 2.5

Truck 345 20

Total 6154 420

2011

Cars 5434 450

Bus 829 2.5

Truck 370 27

Total 6633 479

2012

Cars 6029 595

Bus 832 3.2

Truck 402 32

Total 7263 630

The charging of the MAC unit consist of factory charging and service charging. It is assumed that the factory charging for car, bus, and truck is 1 kg, 4 kg, and 1 kg respectively, and the service charging is 30% of the factory charge. The recycling of refrigerant has been included in this assumption. The projection of HFC-134a consumption is shown in Figure 4.19 and 4.20. The potential direct emission was calculated by multiplying the HFC-134a consumption with its GWP = 1430. The potential direct emission growth can be seen in Figure 4.21.

43

Figure 4.19 HFC-134a consumption growth of MAC in Indonesia

Based on data and assumptions used in this study, the total manufacture charge is expected to grow from 298 tons in year 2009 to 1,659 tons in year 2020. The total servicing charge is expected to grow from 2,372 tons in year 2009 to 5,200 tons in year 2020. Both manufacture and servicing charge is estimated to result 3,819 kTons CO2 eq. potential direct emission in year 2009 and expected to rise to 9,809 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2020.

44

Figure 4.20 Total HFC-134a consumption growths in MAC Sector

Figure 4.21 Potential direct emission growths from MAC Sector

45

4.6 SOLVENT SECTORS Prior to CFC phase-out, CFC-113 was commonly used as a solvent. After CFC-phase-out, the use of halocarbon substances diminished rapidly. Following this, use of HCFCs such as HCFC-141b, HCFC-123, HCFC-225ca, HCFC-225cb and HFCs such as HFC-4310, HFC-365 mfc, and HFC-245fa increased. However, since HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc are expensive and HFC-4310 is rarely found in Indonesia market, the solvent industry users started to use the HFE substance introduced by 3M. Some manufactures use hydrocarbon introduced by UNIDO. Pertamina, the Indonesia company, also produces hydrocarbon solvent. Table 4.8 shows the property of HFE solvent produced by 3M.

Table 4.8 Properties of solvent produced by 3M available in Indonesia

Properties Novec 7000 Novec 7100 Novec 7200 Novec 7300 Novec 7500

Chemical Formula C3F7-O-CH3 C4F9-O-CH3 C4F9-O-C2H5 C6F13-O-CH3 C7F15-O-C2H5

Boiling Point, oC 34 61 76 98 130

Freezing Point, oC -123 -135 -117 -38 -100

Density1, g/ml 1.40 1.52 1.43 1.66 1.61

Surface Tension, dynes/cm1

12.4 13.6 14 15 16.2

Viscocity, cps1 0.32 0.61 0.61 0.71 0.77

Vapor Pressure, mmHg1 484 202 109 44.9 6.02

Heat of Vaporization, cal/g 34 29 30 24.3 21

Heat Capacity1, cal/(goC) 0.31 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.27

Ozone Depletion Potential2 0 0 0 0 0

Atmospheric Lifetime, (years)

4.9 4.1 0.9 3.8 2.5

Global Warming Potential 3 370 320 55 200 210

U.S. EPA VOC Exempt Yes Yes Yes Pending Yes

1 data determined at 25oC; 2 @ 20oC 2 ODP CFC-11 = 1 3 GWP 100 year integrated time horizon Sources: 3M presentation, HPMP meeting Harrys Hotel Tebet, 14 January 2010

46

Other than substances above, some azeotropic HFEs are also marketed in Indonesia. The substances discussed above are marketed in Indonesia since 2008 in conjunction with CFC phase-out and used as the main alternative for CFC replacement. Hence, the application of these substances now days are quite common. In light of this, HFC application in solvent sector now days and in the near future is no longer an issue.

However, to estimate the direct emission by the HFE, it is necessary to assess the solvent consumption. The annual consumption of CFC solvent in year 1995, 1996, and 1997 is 474, 473, and 255 tons respectively18. The decrease in consumption is due to the CFC phase out in the non-Article 5 countries that also influenced the Article 5 countries. If it assumed that (a) the solvent consumption is equal to the consumption at the 1995 level and it increases 5% annually, and (b) the consumption of HFE is expected to be 65% of the total and HC is expected to be 35% of the total, the total consumption of these substances and the emission can be arrived at. Figure 4.22 shows the growth of solvent consumption and Figure 4.23 is the potential direct emission of the HFE and HC. It was assumed that the average GWP of HFE is 231 and the GWP of HC is 3. From this figures, it can be seen that estimated HFE and HC consumption in year 2009 are 610 tons and 328 tons, respectively, and this consumption is expected to increase to 1043 tons and 561 tons, respectively, in year 2020. The potential direct emission of the substances is almost similar – i.e., 141 kTons CO2eq in year 2009 and 241 kTons CO2 eq. in year 2020 for each type of substance discussed above.

Figure 4.22 Solvent (HFE and HC) consumption growth years 2009 – 2020


47

Figure 4.23 Potential direct emissions from HFE and HC in Solvent Sector

4.7 AEROSOL SECTORS

CFC-12 is the main substance use as propellant in aerosol devices. The annual consumption of this substance in year 1995, 1996, and 1997 is 1800, 1500, and 800 tons19. The decrease in consumption of the substance is due to the CFC phase-out program in non-Article 5 countries. Since many aerosol manufacturers have main principals in non-Article 5 countries, application of CFCs in this sector diminished and this was replaced with HFCs such as HFC-134a, and hydrocarbon (iso and normal butane). HCs are mostly used as propellants for insecticides and room fresheners. Air pump are used in perfumes, and for deodorant and other cosmetic spray use HFCs as propellant.

Based on CFC consumption in year 1995, it assumed that the consumption for aerosol substance (propellant) increases 6 % annually up to year 2020. The propellant consist of 60% HFC and 40% HC. Figure 4.24 shows the growth of propellant consumption, and Figure 4.25 shows the potential of HFC propellant direct emission. From this figures, it can be seen that the estimated consumption of HFC in this sector increases from 2441 tons in year 2009 to 4635 tons in year 2020, while the estimated consumption of HC increases from 1627 tons in year 2009 to 3090 tons in year 2020. The potential direct emission of those substances almost similar, i.e. 3500 kton CO2eq in year 2009 and become 6,628 kton CO2eq in year 2020.

19 KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) For Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets For Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

48

Figure 4.24 Propellant consumption growths in Aerosol Sector

Figure 4.25 Potential direct emission of HFC and HC propellant in Aerosol Sector

Table 4.9 shows the summary of HCFCs and HFCs consumption in each sector.

49

Table 4.9 Summary of HCFCs and HFCs consumption in all sectors of application

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020


Manufacture charge HFC-134a, Tons 245.04 332.53 474.85 683.78 984.64 1,417.89 1,701.46

Service charge HFC-134a, Tons 155.00 164.84 180.76 215.95 269.82 347.35 408.58

Total HFC-134a Consumption in Domestic Refrigeration, Tons

400.04 497.37 655.61 899.72 1,254.47 1,765.24 2,110.05

Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration

Refrigerant Manufacture Charge, Tons

HCFC-22 193.19 259.99 355.90 243.59 146.16 48.72 26.70

HFC-134a 13.96 16.11 23.76 76.17 96.52 118.32 128.98

R-404A 2.46 6.82 22.69 94.25 120.64 170.08 184.25

R-410A 0.00 4.09 7.21 27.11 34.85 44.37 50.67

R-507C 0.00 0.27 0.53 2.07 2.68 4.07 4.61

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 58.61 192.14 403.02 552.76

Total HFC Manufacture Charge 16.42 27.30 54.19 258.21 446.83 739.85 921.27

Refrigerant Service Charge, Tons

HCFC-22 72.61 97.70 133.75 91.54 75.19 34.31 10.04

HFC-134a 2.16 13.45 13.89 12.60 12.63 12.81 13.11

R-404A 0.38 5.70 13.26 15.59 32.57 18.41 18.73

R-410A 0.00 3.42 4.21 4.49 4.56 4.80 5.15

50

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

R-507C 0.00 0.23 0.31 0.34 0.35 0.44 0.47

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.70 25.15 43.63 56.20

Total HFC Service Charge 2.54 22.80 31.68 42.72 75.26 80.09 93.66

Total HCFC-22 Refrigerant 265.80 357.69 489.64 335.14 221.34 83.03 36.74

Total HFC Refrigerant 18.96 50.10 85.86 300.93 522.09 819.94 1014.93

Foam Insulation Blowing Agent, Ton

HCFC-141b 207.67 279.42 382.50 261.80 134.26 44.75 2.24

HFC-245fa 0.00 0.00 0.00 82.12 114.96 147.81 164.23

HFC-365mfc 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.49 20.29 26.08 28.98

Cyclopentane 0.00 0.00 0.00 148.77 178.01 228.87 253.03

Total HFC Blowing Agent 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.61 135.25 173.89 193.22

Total HCFC in Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration, Ton

473.47 637.11 872.14 596.94 355.60 127.78 38.98

Total HFC in Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration, Ton

18.96 50.10 85.86 397.54 657.35 993.83 1208.14

51

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020


Manufacture Charge, Ton

Residential AC

HCFC-22 190.01 225.75 268.22 146.18 87.71 29.24 14.62

HFC -410A 20.06 23.83 28.31 33.64 39.96 47.48 51.76

HFC-407C 1.06 1.25 1.49 1.77 2.10 2.50 2.72

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 102.33 143.26 184.19 194.42

Light Commercial AC

HCFC-22 207.93 247.05 293.52 159.97 95.98 31.99 16.00

HFC -410A 21.95 26.08 30.98 36.81 43.73 51.96 56.64

HFC-407C 1.16 1.37 1.63 1.94 2.30 2.73 2.98

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 111.98 156.77 201.56 212.75

Commercial AC

HCFC-22 5.44 6.47 7.68 4.19 2.51 0.84 0.42

HFC -410A 0.57 0.68 0.81 0.96 1.14 1.36 1.48

HFC-407C 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

52

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.93 4.10 5.27 5.57

Transportation AC

HCFC-22 1.38 1.64 1.95 1.06 0.64 0.21 0.11

HFC -410A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-407C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 1.04 1.34 1.41

Air Cooled Chiller

HCFC-22 22.89 27.20 32.31 17.61 10.57 3.52 1.76

HFC -410A 2.42 2.87 3.41 4.05 4.81 5.72 6.24

HFC-407C 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.33

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.33 17.26 22.19 23.42

Water Cooled Chiller 0.00

HCFC-22 8.96 10.64 12.64 6.89 4.13 1.38 0.69

HFC -410A 1.22 1.44 1.72 2.04 2.42 2.88 3.14

HFC-407C 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17

HFC-134a 2.56 3.04 3.61 4.29 5.10 6.06 6.60

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.89 9.65 12.40 13.09

53

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020



Service Charge, Ton

Residential AC

HCFC-22 496.33 589.69 700.61 381.83 229.10 76.37 38.18

HFC -410A 52.39 62.25 73.95 87.86 104.39 124.03 135.19

HFC-407C 2.76 3.28 3.89 4.62 5.49 6.53 7.12

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 267.28 374.20 481.11 507.84

Light Commercial AC

HCFC-22 600.71 713.71 847.96 462.14 277.28 92.43 46.21

HFC -410A 63.41 75.34 89.51 106.34 126.35 150.11 163.62

HFC-407C 3.34 3.97 4.71 5.60 6.65 7.90 8.61

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 323.50 452.89 582.29 614.64

Commercial AC

HCFC-22 7.08 8.41 9.99 5.44 3.27 1.09 0.54

HFC -410A 0.75 0.89 1.05 1.25 1.49 1.77 1.93

HFC-407C 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

54

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.81 5.34 6.86 7.24

Transportation AC

HCFC-22 180.05 213.92 254.16 138.52 83.11 27.70 13.85

HFC -410A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-407C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.96 135.75 174.53 184.23

Air Cooled Chiller

HCFC-22 73.94 87.85 104.37 56.88 34.13 11.38 5.69

HFC -410A 7.80 9.27 11.02 13.09 15.55 18.48 20.14

HFC-407C 0.41 0.49 0.58 0.69 0.82 0.97 1.06

HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.82 55.75 71.67 75.65

Water Cooled Chiller

HCFC-22 17.52 20.81 24.73 13.48 8.09 2.70 1.35

HFC -410A 2.38 2.82 3.36 3.99 4.74 5.63 6.14

HFC-407C 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.32

HFC-134a 5.01 5.95 7.07 8.39 9.97 11.85 12.92

HFC-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.48 18.87 24.26 25.61

Total HCFC-22 Service charge, ton 1301.69 1546.54 1837.45 1001.41 600.84 200.28 100.14

55

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020


Total HCFC Consumption Commercial and Residential AC, Ton

1812.25 2153.13 2558.14 1394.19 836.51 278.84 139.42

Total HFC Consumption Commercial and Residential AC, Ton

189.61 225.27 267.65 1300.03 1752.66 2216.54 2355.14

Foam

Rigid Foam Consumption, Ton

Appliance

HCFC-141b 303.98 377.92 464.33 285.09 171.06 57.02 28.51

HFC-245fa 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.65 99.44 160.32 198.48

HFC-365mfc 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.98 5.23 8.44 10.45

Cyclopentane 0.00 0.00 0.00 331.66 401.31 485.59 534.14

Transportation Panel

HCFC-141b 12.16 15.27 18.78 11.56 6.93 2.31 1.16

HFC-245fa 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.49 9.46 14.98 18.38

HFC-365mfc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.50 0.79 0.97

Cyclopentane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Construction Panel

HCFC-141b 356.78 452.22 573.98 364.84 246.98 104.96 59.30

56

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

HFC-245fa 0.00 0.00 0.00 136.01 238.85 385.21 476.98

HFC-365mfc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.72 1.26 2.03 2.51

Cyclopentane 0.00 0.00 0.00 157.02 210.96 284.94 331.85

Integral Skin Consumption

Automotive

HCFC-141b 58.51 77.23 93.45 56.53 33.92 11.31 5.65

HFC-245fa 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.85 45.49 70.77 86.06

HFC-365mfc 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.41 2.39 3.72 4.53

Cyclopentane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Furniture

HCFC-141b 41.78 55.15 66.73 40.37 24.22 8.07 4.04

HFC-245fa 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.18 32.48 50.54 61.46

HFC-365mfc 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 1.71 2.66 3.23

Cyclopentane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total HCFC Consumption Foam, Ton 773.19 977.79 1217.27 758.39 483.11 183.67 98.66

Total HFC Consumption Foam, Ton 0.00 0.00 0.00 250.58 436.82 699.46 863.04

Total Cyclopentane Consumption Foam, Ton 0.00 0.00 0.00 739.26 1049.09 1469.99 1729.04

57

Sectors Year

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020

Mobile AC

Manufacture Charge, Ton

Car HFC-134a 281.74 449.49 695.92 872.96 1,095.04 1,373.62 1,538.45

Bus HFC-134a 5.59 9.94 15.26 19.14 24.01 30.12 33.74

Truck HFC-134a 11.03 27.19 39.59 49.67 62.30 78.15 87.53

Total Manufacture Charge HFC-134a 298.36 486.63 750.77 941.77 1,181.36 1,481.89 1,659.72

Service Charge, Ton

Car HFC-134a 1,291.81 1,495.50 1,808.79 2,251.39 2,806.59 3,503.04 3,915.12

Bus HFC-134a 986.95 991.58 998.38 1,008.08 1,020.26 1,035.53 1,044.57

Truck HFC-134a 93.48 102.85 120.51 145.69 177.28 216.91 240.35

Total Service Charge HFC-134a 2,372.25 2,589.93 2,927.68 3,405.17 4,004.13 4,755.48 5,200.04

Total HFC-134a in Mobile AC 2,670.60 3,076.56 3,678.45 4,346.94 5,185.49 6,237.37 6,859.76

Solvent

HFEs, Ton 610.02 672.54 741.48 817.48 901.27 993.65 1043.34

HCs, Ton 328.47 362.14 399.26 440.18 485.30 535.04 561.80

Aerosol

HFC-134a, Ton 2441.78 2743.58 3082.69 3463.71 3891.82 4372.85 4635.22

R-600a/R-600, Ton 1627.85 1829.05 2055.12 2309.14 2594.55 2915.23 3090.15

58

5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR TRANSITION TO LOW-GWP ALTERNATIVES AND ITS IMPACT

The HCFC phase-out will increase the HFCs consumption. Although the HFCs have zero ODP, but they have significant GWP, which may cause significant impact in the future. The total potential direct emission of the HFC (and HFE) in all sector applications described in the previous sections is shown in Figure 5.1. It can be seen that the emission increases as the HFC consumption increases. Figure 5.2 shows the direct emission estimates up to year 2050, with assumption that the annual growth is 11%. It can be seen that large amount green house gases will be emitted if the application of HFCs do not limited.

Figure 5.1 Total direct emission of HFC in Indonesia year 2015 - 2020

59

Figure 5.2 Total direct emission of HFC in Indonesia year 2015 - 2050

To control the use of HFCs low GWP substance should be found and used in the future. Some low GWP substance has been found and investigated for different application. Table 5.1 show some of these substance in the sectors discussed before.

Table 5.1 Properties comparison of HFCs currently used and the Low GWP Substances

Sector HFC used GWP Possible Future Low

GWP Substance GWP

Domestic Refrigeration HFC-134a 1430 R-600a 3

Commercial and Industrial Ref. HFC-32 R-404A

R-507 R-410A

HFC-134a HFC-141b

675 3922 3985 2090 1430

650

R-290 HFO-1234ze


3 6 3 3


HFC-32 HFC-410A

R-407C

675 2090 1770

R-290 HFO-1234ze

3 6

Foam HFC-245fa 950 Cyclopentane Methyl Formate

3 3

Mobile Air Conditioning HFC-134a 1430 HFO-1234yf 4

Solvent HFEs 231 HC 3

Aerosol HFC-134a 1430 R-600a HFO-1234ze

3 4

60

The substances indicated in Tables 5.1 and 5.2 are alternatives being considered by the industries in the developed countries. Industry in Indonesia has not considered replacement for HFCs, and the Government of Indonesia will not issue any policy on the HFC phase down in the near future. This is because the low GWP substance technology is not mature yet and still has not available Indonesia market yet.

Table 5.2 Possible usage of low GWP substances

Sector Used as Possible Future

Low GWP Substance

GWP Fraction of Population


Refrigerant R-600a 3 1

Commercial and Industrial Ref.


Blowing Agent

R-290 HFO-1234ze


3 6 3 3

0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3



R-290 HFO-1234ze

3 6

0.3 0.7

Foam Blowing Agent


3 3

0.7 0.3

Mobile Air Conditioning

Refrigerant HFO-1234yf 4 1

Solvent Solvent HC 3 1

Aerosol propellant R-600a HFO-1234ze

3 4

0.5 0.5

61

REFERENCES

1. KLH – UNDP, Indonesia HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP Stage-1) For Compliance with the 2013 and 2015 Control Targets For Annex-C, Group-I Substances, 2009.

2. IPCC, Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007, www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html (latest access 22 December 2013).

3. UNDP, Project Document: Phase-out Management Plan for CFCs in the Refrigeration (Servicing) Sector in Indonesia, 38th Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, 2002.

4. Hilmawan Edi, Said Mustafa, Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling Policy in Indonesia, International corporation for Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling Policy, JICA, Tokyo, Japan, 2009.

5. Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries, automobile production in Indonesia 2008-2012. http://www.gaikindo.or.id, accessed: 20 December 2013

-------------------------

62

ANNEX A – METHOD OF DATA EVALUATION AND DELIVERABLE AND RESULTS

Table A.1 Possible data source and method of data evaluation for each sectors of HFC

application

Sector Source of Data Method of compilation

Domestic Refrigeration BRESEL data of product HFC consumption and Growth estimation

Commercial Refrigeration HPMP data of product and refrigerant consumption

HFC consumption and Growth estimation

Industrial Refrigeration HPMP data of product and refrigerant consumption


Residential AC HPMP data of product and refrigerant consumption


Commercial AC HPMP data of product and refrigerant consumption


Industrial AC HPMP data of product and refrigerant consumption


Foam Product HPMP data of product and refrigerant consumption


MAC CFC Phase-out Data and Car import and production in Indonesia


Transport Refrigeration CFC Phase-out Data HFC consumption and Growth estimation

Solvent Import data from KLH, MOT, Customs HFC consumption and Growth estimation

Aerosol CFC Phase-out Data HFC consumption and Growth estimation

63

Table A.2 Deliverable and results

Deliverables/ Outputs Due Dates Review and Approvals Required

1. An Inception Report that contains at least: 1.1. Cover Page 1.2. Introduction to HFC market assessment 1.3. Table of Contents 1.4. Methodology and Work Plan

18 November 2013

• The inception report will be reviewed by experienced Technical Reviewer

• The report will be reviewed and accepted by Min of Environment and UNDP.

2. A draft of report that contains at least: 1.1. Cover Page 1.2. Introduction to HFC market assessment 1.3. Table of Contents 1.4. Methodology 1.5. HFC import and export assessment 1.6. Industry overview and HFC consumption

levels for the last three years (for each HFC consuming applications)

1.7. HFC consumption growth drivers 1.8. HFC consumption growth over the next 5

years 1.9. Opportunities and challenges for transition to

low-GWP alternatives and its impact

9 December 2013

• The draft will be reviewed by experienced Technical Reviewer


3. A final report that contains at least: 1.1. Cover Page 1.2. Introduction to HFC market assessment 1.3. Table of Contents 1.4. Methodology 1.5. Stakeholder Analysis 1.6. HFC import and export assessment 1.7. Industry overview and HFC consumption

levels for the last three years (for each HFC consuming applications)

1.8. HFC consumption growth drivers 1.9. HFC consumption growth over the next 5

years 1.10. Opportunities and challenges for transition to

low-GWP alternatives and its impact

17 January 2014 • The report will be reviewed by experienced Technical Reviewer


64

ANNEX B – LIST OF HFC REGISTERED AND PRODUCER IMPORTERS

Table B.1 List of possible HFC Registered Importer

NO REGISTERED IMPORTER CONTACT PERSON

1 PT. Bina Indojaya Director :

Harco Mangga Dua Blok E No 33 Drs. Tjoa Han Tjiang

Jl Mangga Dua Raya,

Kel Mangga Dua Selatan, Kec. Sawah Besar CP: Ester

Jakarta Pusat

Ph 021-6249848 /fax. 021-6249847

email : [email protected]

2 PT. Connell Bersaudara Chemindo Director :

Menara Bidakara 2 Lantai 9, Jakarta Selatan Agus Santosa Sutandi

Ph 021.5794,1900 /fax. 021.5794.1890

email : [email protected] CP: Ari Retandi

3 CV. Marga Digjaya Director :

Jl. Harimau No. 12-a Makassar Ani Maryani

sulawesi selatan

Ph 0411-851796 /fax. 0411-851796 CP: Lina


4 PT. Grand Multi Chemicals Director :

Wisma Bumiputera Lt. 8, Bernard Sudirman

Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 75, Kel. Setiabudi,

Kec. Setiabudi, Jakarta 12910 CP: Surya

Ph (021) 5703807 /fax. (021) 5713006


5 PT. Bina Arta Director :

Rukan Taman Meruya Blok N-33 A, Erham Tanjung

Meruya Kembangan, Jakarta

Ph 021-5860868 /fax. 021-5862164 CP: Henny


6 PT. Guntur Cahaya Bijak Director :

Ruko Enggano Megah Blok B No.09x, Bapak Kenny Yang

Tg. Priok, Ph 021-43800260 / fax.021-43800263 CP: Ibu Yuyun

65


7 PT Surya Mega Abadi Director:

Jl. Pantai Indah Kapuk Kmp. Toho A/26, Effendy

Kel. Kamal Muara, Kec. Penjaringan Jakarta Utara CP: Amelia

Ph (021) 6336848 /fax. (021) 6336846 / 6334355


8 PT. Intimas Chemindo Director:

Komplek Perkantoran Sunter Permai Noerjani Hudaya

Blok A No. 2, Jl. Danau Sunter Utara Raya

Sunter Agung, Jakarta Utara CP: Novi

Ph (021) 65301635 /fax. (021) 65301636


9 PT. Brenntag Director:

Jl. MT Haryono Kav. 15 Tony Susanto

Kel. Tebet Barat, Kec. Tebet, Jakarta Selatan Cp: Nia

Ph 021-83790755 / fax.021-83790760


10 PT. Agape Theresindo Director:

Jl. Boulevard Raya Blok WE 2 No. 2K, Adjie Andryanto Sadji

Kel. Kelapa Gading Timur,

Jakarta Utara 14250 CP: Silvi

Ph 021-45874744 /fax. 021-45844961

11 PT. Herry Jaya Sentosa Director :

Jalan Hayam Wuruk No. 100 Mulyana Nuryadi

Mangga Besar Taman Sari CP: Yo Hok

Jakarta Barat

Ph 021-6245452


12 PT. Maju Jaya Cemerlang Director:

JL Balai Pustaka Timur 39 Henri Nicholas Lie

Rawamangun Jakarta Timur 13220

Ph 021 4786 2752 /fax.021-4786 2752 CP: Denda

13 PT. Perdoni Director:

Gedung Mugi Griya, Lt.8, Jl.m.t Haryono, Drs. Sulistyo Rahardjo

Kav.10, Jakarta

66

Ph 021 8308436 /fax. 021 8308439 CP: Sugiarto Wijoyo



14 PT. Bhineka Sentra Kimia Director:

Harmoni Plaza Blok F/7 Titien Suryani

Jl. Suryopranoto No 2, Kel. Petojo

Utara Kec. Gambir, Jakarta CP: Rery R Putra

Ph 021-3850062 /fax.021-3850065

15 PT. Global Cool Director :

Jl. RE. Martadinata No. 10, Kel. Ancol, Rumyati

Kec. Pademangan CP: Rina Claudia

Ph (021) 6918834, 6918505, 6918504

fax. 021-6918835, 6918836


16 PT. Anugerah Raya Kencana Director:

Ruko Daan Mogot Arcadia Willy Dharmaputra

Blok G7 No. 12 Jl. Daan Mogot

Kel.Batuceper Kec. Batuceper, Tangerang CP: Ana

Ph 0215518992 /fax. 0215518993


17 PT. Trane Indonesia Director:

Jl. Proklamasi No.79, Pegangsaan, Rudy Nangoy

Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Ph : 021.83703619 / 021.31931188 CP: Nancy Setiawan Silalahi

Fax: 021.83703468 / 021.38831398

18 PT. Duta Fluoro Chemindo Director:

Pergudangan Sentra Bisnis Pluit Blok D/12 Eka Yapto

Jl. Kapuk Kamal Raya D/12, Jakarta 14470 CP: John Kumala

Ph : 021.5595.4778

Fax: 021.5596.3785


19 PT. Sugih Wirasta Director:

Jl. Krekot Bunder IV No.34 Darma Wijaya

Jakarta

Ph : 021.3459345 / 021.3865891 CP: Ari Bardono

67

/ 021.3813069 / 021.3454145

Fax: 021.345.4139


68

Table B.2 List of possible HFC Producer Importer

NO PRODUSER IMPORTER CONTACT PERSON

1 PT. Tunas Alfin Tbk

Jl. H. Agus Salim No. 09, Rt. 002/05,

Kel. Poris Plawad, Kec. Cipondoh, Tangerang, Banten

Ph 021-5526268 / fax. 021-55791115

2 PT. Alpine Cool Utama Director:

Jl. Pengeran Jayakarta No. 87, Kel. Mangga Dua Oetomo

Selatan, Kec. Sawah Besar, Jakarta Pusat 10730

Ph (021) 6268211, Fax. (021) 6596407 CP: Tini


3 PT. Cosmo Polyurethane Indonesia Director:

Wisma Kyoei Prince, Lantai 17 Satoshi Ikeida

Jl Jend Sudirman Kav 3 Jakarta 10220.

Ph021-5723101 /Fax. 021-5723108 CP: Wijaya


4 PT. Sutindo Chemical Indonesia Director:

Kantor Mega Glodok Kemayoran Blok A No. 1-2, Steven P. Sutiono

Jl. Angkasa Kav. B-6, Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat

Ph (031) 7496800, (021) 26646200 CP: Jeni

Fax. (031) 7490900, (021) 65701487

5 PT. Serim Indonesia

Jl. Raya Legok Desa Cijantra, Kec. Pagedangan, Tangerang Banten

Ph (021) 5476453 /Fax. 5466601

6 PT. Jalur Sejuk

Jl. Moch Toha Km 6 Kp. Nagrak

Periuk – Periuk, Tangerang

Ph 021-59316606 / Fax. 021-5538880

NO PRODUSER IMPORTER CONTACT PERSON

7 PT. Berkat Andijaya Elektrindo

Komp. Marina Mangga Dua Blok F/12 B, Jl. Gunung Saharai Raya No.2, Kel Pademangan Barat, Kec. Pademangan, Jakut

Ph 021-6455118 /Fax. 021-6455119

69

8 PT. Linde Indonesia

Jl. Raya Bekasi Km. 21, Pulo Gadung, Jakarta 14250

Ph (021) 4601793 /Fax. (021) 4619610 CP. Ibu Selvi

9 PT. TSG Chemical Director:

Jl. Inspeksi Kalimalang, RT. 002/RW. 001 Pangestu Yogisaputra

Desa Sukadanau, Cikarang Barat,

Lokasi GII Sektor 3 CP. D.S Oetomo

Ph 021-8910677 /Fax. 021-89106833



10 PT. Arabikatama Khatulistiwa Fishing Industry Director:

Jl. Gedong Panjang II No. 14 L Syarief Alwi Haddad

Kel. Pekojan, Kec. Tambora

Ph 021-66604850/6901412 /Fax. 021-66604713

11 PT. JMS Batam Director:

Batamindo Industrial Park Ong Peng Chye

Jl. Beringin Lot 211 Mukakuning, Sungai Beduk

Batam 29433 CP. Reni

Ph 0770-611807 /fax. 0770-611806

70

ANNEX C – LIST OF MANUFACTURER AND IMPORTER (TRADER/SUPPLIER)

Table C.1 Some Domestic Refrigeration local manufactures, and importers-distributors

Name of Company Brand Remark

PT. Sharp Electronic Indonesia Sharp Importer-distributor

PT. Panasonic Gobel Indonesia Panasonic Local manufacturer

PT. LG Electronic Indonesia LG Importer-distributor

PT. Topjaya Antariksa Electronika Toshiba Local manufacturer

PT. Hartono Istana Teknologi Polytron Local manufacturer

PT. Samsung Electronic Indonesia Samsung Importer-distributor

PT Haier Electrical Appliances Indonesia Haier, Sanyo Importer-distributor

PT. Istana Argo kencana Sanken Local manufacturer

PT. Denpoo Mandiri Indonesia Denpoo Local manufacturer

PT. Maspion Elektronik Maspion/Uchida Local manufacturer

PT. Akira Indonesia Akira Importer-distributor

PT. Electrolux Indonesia Electrolux Importer-distributor

PT. Mitsubishi Electric Indonesia Mitsubishi Importer-distributor

PT. Modena Indonesia Modena Importer-distributor

PT. Planet Electrindo General Importer-distributor

PT. Porkka Indonesia Local manufacturer

CV. Pemuda Teknik Local manufacturer

Table C.2 Some Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration main local manufacturer

71

Name of Manufacturer Name of Manufacturer

Large Sized Manufacturer: PT. Kulkasindo

PT. Sumoelco Mandiri PT. Intermas Pasific

PT. Alpinecool Utama Small Sized Manufacturer

PT. Rotaryana Prima PT. Sabindo Refrigeration

Medium Sized Manufacturer PT. Pagoda Sakti Utama

PT. Mentari Metal Pratama PT. Global Technik

PT. Aneka Coolcitratama PT. Avis

PT. Airtech Inti PT. Rotaryana Engineering

PT. Jalur Sejuk PT. Aneka Frooze Triutama

PT. Polysari Citratama PT. Copel Andalan

PT. Inti Tunggal Persada Jaya PT. Graha Cool Technic

PT. Indo Prima Teknik PT. Tegar Inti Santosa

PT. Koronka Nusantara PT. United Refrigeration

PT. ACR Kapuk PT. Gaya Teknik

PT. Jasa Teknik PT. Ilthabi Mandiri

Table C.3 Some Air Conditioning main local manufacturer

Name of Company Remark

Residential:

PT. Panasonic Indonesia Local manufacturer

Commercial and Air Cooled Chiller:

PT. Fatasarana Makmur Local manufacturer

PT. ITU Airconco Local manufacturer

PT. Metropolitan Bayu Industri Local manufacturer

PT. Gita Mandiri Tehnik Local manufacturer

Assembler:

PT. Berkat Andijaya Elektrindo Local assembler

72

Name of Company Remark

PT. Cipta Karya Mandiri Insani Local assembler

PT. Daikin Aircon Importer – Distributor - Installer

PT. Jaya Teknik

PT. LG Indonesia Importer – Distributor - Installer

PT. Maturnuwun Nusantara

PT. Planet Electrindo

PT. Rodamas

PT. Sarana Aircon Utama Importer – Distributor - Installer

PT. Sarana Sumber Semesta

PT. Sekawan Abadi Jaya

PT. Seltech Utama Importer – Distributor - Installer

PT. Tata Solusi Pratama Importer – Distributor - Installer

PT. Trane Indonesia Importer – Distributor - Installer

PT. Waskita Prima Guna Local assembler

PT. Wira Kusma Sejahtera Local assembler

73

Table C.4 Some local Foam manufacturer

Rigid Foam - Appliance PT.Bukaka Trans System

Freezer PT. Dasa Windu Agung

PT. Denpoo Mandiri Indonesia PT. Dinamika Inti Surya Cemerlang

PT. Porkka Indonesia CV. Duta Tehnik

CV. Pemuda Teknik PT. Herry Jaya Sejati

Domestic Refrigeration PT. Indoklima Sarana Engineering

PT. Maspion Elektrik PT. Isopanel Dunia

PT. Topjaya Antariksa Electronics PT. Lion Metal Works Tbk

PT. Sinar Lentera Kencana SILKA PT. Mutiara Rizki Sejahtera

PD. Mayer Jaya PT. Nusa Pribumi

Other Appliance PT. Pancakarya Telecomindo

PT. Cahaya Mirahdelima PT. Saka Baja Jaya

PT. Cahaya Perdana Plastic UD. Samrow

PT. Delta Atlantik Indah PT. Saniyu Profilindo

PT. Dilihan Glory CV. Tamacool

PT. Duaroda Saranatama PT. Tansri Gani

PT. Grahaexcel Plastindo UD. V. Com Teknik

PT. Haripin Putra PT. Wijaya Karya Intrade

PT. Kirana Pacific Luas PT. Willich Isolasi Pratama

PT. Langgeng Makmur Industri Integral Skin - Automotive

PT. Maspion Plastic & Metal Industry CV. Laksana

PT. Multiplast Indo Makmur PT. Adiputro Wirasejati Malang

UD. Restu PD. Anto Indo Foam

PT. Tepat Guna Utama PT. Dasa Windu Agung

Rigid Foam - Transportation PT. Mitra Sakti Mulia

UD. Harrison PT. Rizata Wijaya

PT. Leo Indokreasi Fiberglass CV. Sinar Mulia

74

PT. Sumber Airconindo Sejahtera CV. Bintang Atlas Kreasindo

CV. Laksana PT. Frina Lestari Nusantara

CV. Tri Sakti PT. Laksana Teknik Makmur

PT. Adi Budaya Cipta PT. Yopi Motor

CV. Cipta Karya Integral Skin - Furniture

Rigid Foam – Construction (panel) PT. Kumala Indah Tata

PT. Airtekindo Prima PT. Biru SCK Interkreasindo

PT. Isotech Jaya Makmur PT. Multi Nugraha Kencana

PD. Anto Indo Foam, PT. Pungut Permai Perkasa

PT. Bernadi Utama PT. Cipta Foamindo Indah

PT. Bina Teknik PT. Nirwana

PT. Bondor Indonesia CV. Anugerah Makmur Cemerlang

PT. Bostinco

75

Table C.5 Some local car, bus, and truck manufacturer

NO. COMPANY BRAND S D M

1 PT. ASTRA DAIHATSU MOTOR DAIHATSU V V

2 PT. ASTRA INT'L Tbk - PEUGEOT SALES OPERATION

PEUGEOT V

3 PT. ASTRA NISSAN DIESEL INDONESIA UD TRUCKS V V

4 PT. AUTO EURO INDONESIA RENAULT V

5 PT. BMW INDONESIA B M W V V

6 PT. CENTRAL SOLE AGENCY VOLVO V

7 PT. FORD MOTORS INDONESIA FORD V

8 PT. FOTON MOBILINDO FOTON V V

9 PT. GARUDA MATARAM MOTOR AUDI/VW V

10 PT. GAYA MOTOR (ASSEMBLER)

DAIHATSU, PEUGEOT,BMW, ISUZU,NISSAN DIESEL, FOTON

V

11 PT. GENERAL MOTOR INDONESIA CHEVROLET V

12 PT. GRANDAUTO DINAMIKA JAGUAR V

13 PT. HINO MOTORS MANUFACTURING INDONESIA

HINO V

14 PT. HINO MOTORS SALES INDONESIA HINO V

15 PT. HONDA PROSPECT MOTOR HONDA V V

16 PT. HYUNDAI INDONESIA MOTOR HYUNDAI V V

17 PT. ISUZU ASTRA MOTOR INDONESIA ISUZU V V

18 PT. KIA MOBIL INDONESIA K I A V V

19 PT. KRAMA YUDHA RATU MOTORS MITSUBISHI V

20 PT. KRAMA YUDHA TIGA BERLIAN MOTORS MITSUBISHI V V

21 PT. MAZDA MOTOR INDONESIA MAZDA V

22 PT. MERCEDES-BENZ DISTRIBUTION INDONESIA

MERCEDES-BENZ, SMART V

23 PT. MERCEDES-BENZ INDONESIA MERCEDES-BENZ V

NO. COMPANY BRAND S D M

24 PT. MESIN ISUZU INDONESIA ISUZU V

25 PT. MITSUBISHI KRAMA YUDHA MOTOR & MANUFACTURING

MITSUBISHI V

76

26 PT. NISSAN MOTOR DISTRIBUTOR INDONESIA

NISSAN V

27 PT. NISSAN MOTOR INDONESIA NISSAN V

28 PT. PROTON EDAR INDONESIA PROTON V

29 PT. SUZUKI INDOMOBIL MOTOR SUZUKI V V

30 PT. TC. SUBARU SUBARU V

31 PT. TJAHJA SAKTI MOTOR B M W V

32 PT. TOYOTA ASTRA MOTOR TOYOTA V

33 PT. TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING INDONESIA

TOYOTA V V

34 PT. TRIJAYA UNION MITSUBISHI V

35 PT. CHERY MOBIL INDONESIA CHERY V V

38 PT. GARASINDO INTER GLOBAL DODGE, CHRYSLER, JEEP V

39 PT. GEELY MOBIL INDONESIA GEELY V

40 PT. DUTA PUTERA SUMATERA ( SUN MOTOR )

MAN TRUCK V

41 PT. GAYA MAKMUR MOBIL FAW V

42 PT. NATIONAL ASSEMBLER SUZUKI PICK UP, KIA, CHERY V

Note : (S) Sole Agent, (D) Distributor, (M) Manufacture

77

Table C.6 List of some enterprises those deals with solvent

Enterprise Product

1 PT.United Can Company tin plate can

2 PT. Multi Makmur tin plate can

3 PT.Sampoerna PrintPack. tin plate can

4 PT.Ancol Terang Metal Ind. monoblock aluminum

5 PT.Indonesia Multi Color tin plate can

6 New Red & white Manufac. monoblock aluminum

7 Goldion Alumindo Utama monoblock aluminum

8 Sakata Ink Ind. Ink

10 InkoTe Ind. Ink

11 PT.Colorpack Ind.

12 PT.Toyo Ink Ind. Ink

13 PT.Intimas Wisesa Ink

14 PT.Chugoku Paints Ind. Ink

15 PT.Intercell Mitra Santika Ink

16 PT.Cemani Toka Ink, Anti skinning

17 PT.Nipsea Paint & Chemical Nippon Paint

18 Danapaint Ind. Danabrite,danalux paint

19 PT.Gajah Tunggal Prakarsa Kansai Paint.

20 PT.Pacific Paint Paint

21 PT Pan Oceanic Paints Paint

22 PT.Propan Raya ICC Paint

23 PT.Avian Paints Avian Paint

24 PT.Bina adidaya Paint

25 PT.Sigmakalon Ind. Paint

26 CV.Warna Alpha Paint

27 Ind.Toyo Paints Paint

28 PT.Cashew Grebe Ind. Paint

29 PT.Epoxy Global M. Paint

30 ERJE LONDON Paint

31 Futanlux Chemitraco Paint

78

32 ASIA Makmur Paint

Enterprise Product

33 SUNNY Paint Paint

34 PT.Difan Paint

35 PT.Oxyplast Ind. Paint

36 Mataram Paint Co.Ltd Paint

37 PT.Mikatasa Agung Paint

38 PT.Jumbo Power Int. Lubricant

39 PT.Indoteras Nusantara Lubricant

40 PT GULF OIL Lubr.Ind. Lubricant

41 PT.Artha Emindo Pertiwi Lubricant

42 PT.Mitra Energi Petronusa Lubricant

43 PT.Primajera Lubricant

44 PT. Kyowa Indonesia Machinery and aluminun component

45 PT. Nofmas Chemical Industries Peroxide and its derivative

46 PT. Grace Specialty Chemical Indonesia Tinned can coating material

47 PT. Nustoyotetstu Automotive component

48 PT. Enkei Indonesia Wheel Rim

49 PT. Lucky Print Abadi Textile

50 PT. Maruhachi Indonesia Metal works

51 PT. Eonchemical Putra Coating material

52 PT. NIC Indonesia Coating material

53 PT. Sari Takagi Elok Automotive component

54 PT. Sankei Gohsyu Indonesia Automotive component

55 PT. Gunung Gahapi Bahara Steel Mill

56 PT. KAO Indonesia Chemical Chemical substances

57 PT. Sumiasih Oleochemical substances

58 PT. OYL Sentra Air Conditioning unit

59 PT. SI Heart Sparepart for machinery

60 PT. Sunstar Engineering Automotive accessories

61 PT. Progres Diecast Machine component

62 PT. Shei Tai Industrial Machine component

63 PT. Daido Metal Indonesia Bearing

79

64 PT. Panasonic Gobel Battery Indonesia Dry battery

65 PT. Sekiso Industries Indonesia Automotive component

Enterprise Product

66 PT. Leatat Chemindo Paint

67 PT. Excel Metal Industry Aluminum Wheel

68 PT. Basf Construction Chemical Substance for construction

69 PT. Arbe ChemiNDO Carboxy methyl calluse

70 PT. Dupont Powder Coating Indonesia epoxy/polyester coating

71 PT. Chemco Harapan Nusantara Brake systems

72 PT. Siskem Aneka Indonesia Special Organic chemical Substances

73 PT. Jaya Indah Casting Metal casting industry

74 PT. Chuhatsu Indonesia Automotive component

75 PT. Keihin Indonesia Motorbike component

76 PT. Filtech Indonesia Automotive and motorbike component

77 PT. Showa Indonesia Automotive component

78 PT. All Try Industrial Automotive component

79 PT. Sanyo Indonesia Electric appliance sparepart

80

Table C.7 List of some enterprises in Aerosol Sector

Enterprise Product

1 PT.Priskilla Prima Makmur Cosmetic/Perfume

2 PT.UNZA Vitalis Cosmetic/Perfume

3 PT.Cosmar Cosmetic/Perfume

4 PT.Morel Renee Parfum Cosmetic/Perfume

5 PT.Rudy Soetadi & Co. Cosmetic/Perfume

6 PT.Sari Ayu Ind.(martina B.) Cosmetic/Perfume

7 PT.Mandom Ind. Tbk Cosmetic/Perfume

8 PT.Sara Lee Body Care Cosmetic/Perfume

9 PT.Kinocare Era K. Cosmetic/Perfume

10 PT.Universe Lion Cosmetic/Perfume

11 PT.Mustika Ratu Tbk Cosmetic/Perfume

12 PT.Fabindo Sejahtera Cosmetic/Perfume

13 PT.Cosmar Cosmetic/Perfume

14 PT.Lion Wings Cosmetic/Perfume

15 PT.Pulau Mahoni Cosmetic/Perfume

16 PT.Yasulor Ind, Cosmetic/Perfume

17 Yulia Kosmetik Cosmetic/Perfume

18 Dahlia Cosmetic Cosmetic/Perfume

19 PT.Siseda Pepade Cosmetic/Perfume

20 PT.Familindo Cosmetic/Perfume

21 PT.Bumi Citra Agung P. Cosmetic/Perfume

22 PT.Famastar Jaya P. Cosmetic/Perfume

23 PT.Teguh Pesona Cosmetic/Perfume

24 Splash Indonesia Cosmetic/Perfume

25 PT.Gondo Wangi Sariaji Cosmetic/Perfume

26 PT.Maha Siri Jaya Cosmetic/Perfume

27 PT.Khrisna Kencana P. Cosmetic/Perfume

28 PT.Candi Swadaya Sentosa Cosmetic/Perfume

29 PT.Rembaka Cosmetic/Perfume

30 PT.Micky Estetika Lestari Cosmetic/Perfume

31 PT.Bina Juta Jelita Cosmetic/Perfume

32 PT.Koheren Eshcom Cosmetic/Perfume

81

33 CV.Ghita Indogoods Cosmetic/Perfume

Enterprise Product

34 PT.Astoria Prima Cosmetic/Perfume

35 PT.Ascoco Ria Lestari Cosmetic/Perfume

36 PT.Berkah Sukses Abadi Cosmetic/Perfume

37 PT.Asia Paramita indah Cosmetic/Perfume

38 PT.Indo pola cosmetic Cosmetic/Perfume

39 Alam Raya CV Cosmetic/Perfume

40 Cressindo Cosmetic/Perfume

41 PT.Lionindo Jaya Cosmetic/Perfume

42 PT.Prodenta Ind. Cosmetic/Perfume

43 PT.Triple Ace Cosmetic/Perfume

44 Aneka Inti Wangi Cosmetic/Perfume

45 Aura Cantik Cosmetic/Perfume

46 PT.International Cosmetic Cosmetic/Perfume

47 PT.Orindo Alam Ayu Cosmetic/Perfume

48 PT.Arcellindo Lestari Cosmetic/Perfume

49 PT.Ademulya Intigaprima Cosmetic/Perfume

50 PT.Aroma Persada Sukses Cosmetic/Perfume

51 PT.Asia Bandar Alam Cosmetic/Perfume

52 PT.Winston Ind. Cosmetic/Perfume

53 CV.Charoty Cosmetic Cosmetic/Perfume

54 PT.Lion Wings Cosmetic/Perfume

55 PT.Pulau Mahoni Cosmetic/Perfume

56 PT.Yasulor Ind, Cosmetic/Perfume

57 Yulia Kosmetik Cosmetic/Perfume

58 Dahlia Cosmetic Cosmetic/Perfume

59 PT.Gracia Inti Aerosol product

60 PT.Adi Cipta Aerosol product

61 PT.Guna Chemical Aerosol product

62 PT.Buana Ekayasa Aerosol product

63 PT.Lautan Jasaindo Aerosol product

64 PT.Teetan Ocean Aerosol product

65 PT.Dwi Prima Rejeki Aerosol product

82

66 PT.Cosmic Ind. Aerosol product

67 PT.Benato Abdi Aerosol product

Enterprise Product

68 PT.Boston Chemical Aerosol product

69 PT.Aerosolindo Indah Aerosol product

70 PT.Fumakilla Ind. Insectiside

71 PT.Reckitt Benckiser Ind. Insectiside

72 PT.Herlina Indah Insectiside

73 PT.Nufarm Ind. Insectiside

74 PT. Sc Johnson & Son Insectiside

75 PT. Arsistha Kimia Citra Lestari Insectiside

76 PT. Johnson Home Hygiene . Insectiside

77 PT. Megasari Insectiside

78 Beirsdorf Indonesia, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

79 Berlina Co LTD, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

80 Chem & Cosh Pyramid LTD, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

81 Coronet Crown, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

82 Der Kwei Kemasan Indah Indonesia , PT Cosmetic/Perfume

83 Dwi Putri Dewi, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

84 Heroic Farma, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

85 Insan Indo Farma, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

86 Irawan Jaya Agung, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

87 Jamu Iboe Jaya, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

88 Jayabaya Raya, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

89 Kosmetikatama Super Indah, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

90 Liana Chemical & Cosmetic Cosmetic/Perfume

91 Melani Super Cosmeti, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

92 Manjoer, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

93 Marion Cosmetic, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

94 Mega Surya Mas, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

95 Mekarsari CV Cosmetic/Perfume

96 Miswak PT Cosmetic/Perfume

97 Merpati Mahardika Cosmetic/Perfume

98 Natindo, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

83

99 Palma Cosmetic, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

100 Rama Mulia Cosmetic, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

101 Rembaka Cosmetic/Perfume

Enterprise Product

102 Rita Sinar Indah, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

103 Roi Surya Prima , PT Cosmetic/Perfume

104 Romos Inti Cosmetic, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

105 Rotar Pharmaceutical, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

106 Sama Asri Lestari, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

107 Sekar ayu Sentosa , CV Cosmetic/Perfume

108 Surabaya Indah Permai Cosmetic/Perfume

109 Surya Dermato Medica Lab. PT Cosmetic/Perfume

110 Unilever Indonesia, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

111 Vita Pram. PT Cosmetic/Perfume

112 Wing Surya , PT Cosmetic/Perfume

113 Yulia, PT Cosmetic/Perfume

84

CLARIFICATIONS RELATING TO HFC REPORT Imported HFCs Country of origin

Prediction HFC import was difficult because the substance have not under controlled by the government and no separate HS number defined. This poses significant difficultly in estimation of HFC imports by substance from supply side based on import data. The prediction of country origin of the substance was predicted based on the evaluation of import data of HCFC years 2009 obtained from Custom office, Ministry of Environment, and Ministry of Trade of Indonesia. The evaluation was done by the KLH (Now KLHK = Ministry of Environment and Forestry). It is assumed that the HCFC importer are also the HFC importer which obtained the HFC from the same HFC plants.

High HFC consumption in MAC sector Import of MAC cannot be distinguished by the sectors. Interview have been made to some of importers. They are agree with the figures of HFC consumption stated in the Final report of MARKET ASSESSMENT OF HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) IN INDONESIA. As mentioned earlier, Indonesia has a large MAC market with high levels of MAC usage under the prevailing tropical weather conditions. Interview was conducted with Mr. Blansius H. Bajang Dupont Business Development Manager (+62816711740, [email protected]), Mr. Ari Retandi from PT. Cornell Bersaudara (+6208158885568, [email protected]), Mr. Nirwanto from PT. Brentag (+62816882869), Mr. Wawa Chandra from PT. Global Cool (+62811886339). From the interview, some figures have been obtained. For factory charge, Daihatsu consumes around 18 ton per month while Toyota consumes 16 Ton per month of HFC-134a. These two manufactures consume 412 ton annually of HFC-134a in year 2013. There are many more of cars, trucks and buses manufactures. In the Report, factory charge of HFC-134a is predicted only 298 tons in year 2009 and 1659 tons in years 2020. The company aforementioned above import about 400 Ton per year of HFC in year 2013. There are at least 19 registered importer

85

for HCFC that might also are importer for HFC. The predicted annual HFC 134a import from above discussion is about 6,650 tons which is consumed in Refrigeration, Chillers and MAC sectors. High HFC consumption in Aerosol sector As mentioned in the Report, the HFC consumption in aerosol sector was predicted by using the consumption of CFC that was taken from the aerosol manufacture years 1995, 1996, and 1997. This the most accurate prediction because the data supply by the manufactures themselves. The alternative replacement of CFC propellant was HFC-134a and Butane (HC). Since good industrial quality of Butane is more difficult to obtain locally and it is flammable so I assumed that the proportional consumption of HFC to HC s 60% to 40% of the total propellant consumption. It was then assumed that the consumption growth is 6% annually from year 1997. Detailed discussions could not be conducted with aerosol manufacturers regarding this.

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