Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805218/45120/index/... · Index 301 National Socialist Archives, housing in, 129 Scheubner-Richter, Max, editor of, 128–129 Schickedanz,

Index

Action Group of National Associationsformation of, 202Hitler, co-leader of, 202Ludendorff, co-leader of, 202National Socialist Party, member of, 202Scheubner-Richter, Max, secretary of, 202Uplands League, member of, 202Viking League, member of, 202

Ahasuerus (Wandering Jew)Wagner, Richard, and, 22

alliance, nationalist German–RussianHausen, draft of, 89–90

All-Russian Dubrovin Union of the RussianPeople

Dubrovin, leader of, 39Amann, Max

Aufbau, second secretary of, 129Hitler and, 129Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

financer of, 145National Socialist Party, deputy leader of,

214–215, Secretary of, 129Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 129, 145

anti-Bolshevismsee the key figures, organizations, and works,

as virtually all were anti-Bolshevik after therise of Bolshevism, and note JewishBolshevism and conspiracy, Jewishcapitalist–Bolshevik

anti-SemitismGermany, less than abroad in on eve of World

War I, 28redemptive, 20volkisch-redemptive, World War I, flourishing

after, 28see also the key figures, organizations, and

works, as virtually all were anti-Semitic,and note Jewish Bolshevism andconspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik

Apocalypse of Our Times, Thesee Rollin

Army, GermanNational Socialism, opposition to, 201,

support for, 201Army Group Eichhorn

Hetmanate, Ukrainian, and, 54Rada, opposition to, 51–52Southern Army and, 56Ukrainian National Cossack Organization

and, 53Army High Command East VIII

Baltic Defense Force, establishment of, 82Northern Army, establishment of, 83Scheubner-Richter, Max, Press Office, deputy

leader of, 80, leader of, 84Association against the Presumption of Jewry

Bormann, member of, 28Hausen, founder of, 27membership of, 28statutes of, 27

Aufbau (Reconstruction), 109–110, 122–133,134–135

alliance, German–Russian, National Socialist,187–188

Amann, Second Secretary of, 129Austria, Anschluss (incorporation) of, plans

for, 188Awakening Hungary and, 204Bauer, member of, 132, subsidies from, 179Biskupskii, contact man for, 126, dictator,

Russian, plans for, 187, 188, vice presidentof, 126, work, organizational, for, 128

Black Sea League, plans for, 184Bolsheviks, alliance with, proposed, 163–164,

negotiations with, 162Brazol, contributor to, anti-Semitic, 131, Ford,

contact man for, 203conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik, 1,

218Cossacks, Hungary, to, 153Cramer-Klett, president of, 126decline and termination of, 214

299

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300 Index

Aufbau (Reconstruction) (cont.)Eckart, alliance, German–Russian,

anti-Semitic, influence on, 137–138,ideology, influence on, 218, 238

Eugen Hoffmann & Co. Foreign TradeJoint-Stock Company, subsidiaryorganization of, 153

Evaldt, assessor in, 150, Russian Committeefor Refugee Welfare in Bavaria, placing athead of, 150–151

Final Solution and, 17finances of, 203Ford, subsidies from, 203Foreign Office, German, opposition from, 127Freikorps Uplands and, 186Glasenap and, 196Glaser, member of, 132goals of, 124Habsburgs, restoration of, plans for, 181, 183Hitler, alliance, German–Russian,

anti-Semitic, influence on, 15, 137–138, 141,142, 165, 276, ideology, influence on,217–218, 236, 238, Lebensraum (livingspace), influence on, 184, Soviet Union,reorganization of, plans for, 15, 167, 180,192, 277, Soviet Union, subversion against,185, support of Aufbau, 14, 137, 276

Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 15–16, 277–278Hungary, relations, economic, with, 154Jewish Bolshevism, 218, apocalyptic, 238Kazem Bek, delegation to, 154, 177Keppen, subsides from, 131Kommissarov, foundation of and, 36Krasnov and, 187Kursell, leader of, 213, 214, member of, 129Lampe, suspicion from, 124Ludendorff, approval from, 128, member of,

127Markov II, conflict with, 14members of, 1–3, 14, 275membership in, 123Military Organization of Eastern Galicia,

support for, 189Miliukov, assassination attempt on and, 169Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

triumph for, 149National Socialism, contributions to, 1, 6–7,

ideology to, 16, 216, 243–244, 278, legacyto, 16–17, 244, 245–246, 270–271, 278–279

National Socialist Party, alliance with, 158,192, intelligence, Ukrainian, to, 189,subsidies to, 276

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Ukrainian expert in,130, 188

Organization C and, 171Pabst and, 212

Poland, opposition to, 187, partition of,planned, 188

Poltavets-Ostranitsa, Ukrainian section,leader of, 130

pre-history of, 13–14Project S, intelligence from, 153Red Army, alliance with, proposed, 161,

162–164re-founding of, 152Remmer, Bolsheviks, contact man for, 162Renewal, joining by, 133Romanov, Kirill, subsidies from, 203,

figurehead, Russian, plans for, 187, leader,White emigres, plans for, 14, manifestos of,printing of, 155–156, smuggling of, SovietUnion, 156, smuggling of, Ukraine (Soviet),188–189, support for, 156

Rosenberg, member of, 129Russian Universal Military Union (ROVS),

conflict with, 152Sakharov, member of, 131Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, member of, 130Scheubner-Richter, Max, first secretary of,

125, leader, de facto, of, 125, organizerof, 122–123, work, organizational, for,128

Schickedanz, deputy director of, 128, work,organizational, for, 128

secrecy of, 123, 132Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,

15, 166–167, 180–183, 186–187, 192, 277,intervention against, shelving of plans, 161,reorganization of, plans for, 167, 180,183–184, 186, 187–188, subversion against,185, 187

statutes of, 123Supreme Monarchical Council, conflict with,

149–150, 159, 160–161, 163Taboritskii, member of, 130terrorism, engagement in, 15, 166, 167–170,

177–180, 191–192, 276–277Ukraine (Soviet), National Socialist, plans for,

188, subversion in, 188–189Union of the Faithful and, 144Vinberg, ideologue of, 130volkisch German-National Socialist and White

emigre collaboration in, 14Volkonskii and, 196Vyshivannyi, agreement, economic, with, 181,

support for, 180–181White emigres, call to arms, 195–196, failure

to unite, 136–137, 143, 165, 275–276Wittelsbachs, restoration of, plans for, 183

Aufbau Correspondence (Economic-PoliticalReconstruction Correspondence)

Kursell, editor of, 214






Index 301

National Socialist Archives, housing in,129

Scheubner-Richter, Max, editor of, 128–129Schickedanz, contributor to, 128–129

Awakening HungaryAufbau and, 204Combat League, treaty with, 210Gaal, leader in, 205Hausen and, 204–205Hitler and, 204–205Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 210National Socialist Party and, 204–205Ulain, leader of, 205

Baltic Defense ForceArmy High Command East VIII, founder of,

82composition of, 82–83Fletcher, commander of, 82Levin, commander in, 86position of, 86Riga, capture of, 90Schickedanz, service in, 83strength of, 83

Baltic LeagueJewish Bolshevism, 129–130Kursell, leader in, 129numbers of, 129

Baltikumer (German Latvian Interventionveterans)

Goltz, military colonies, placement in, 102National Socialists, ethos, shared, 176

Barbarossa, Operation, 261–262Bauer, Karl

agreement, German–Soviet, military,negotiations for, 164

Aufbau, member of, 132, subsidies to, 179Biskupskii and, 178far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

116Gaal and, 205Glasenap and, 178Gunther, adjutant of, 178Habsburgs, restoration of, plans for, 183Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 212Horthy, collaboration with, 118, subsidies

from, 167Kapp Putsch and, 104Kerenskii, contract, assassination, against,

167National Union, leader in, 93police protection of, 111Rathenau, assassination of and, 178–179Scheidemann, assassination attempt on and,

179Trebitsch-Lincoln and, 105

Baur, JohannesRussian Colony in Munich 1900–1945, TheWhite emigres, ideological contributions to

National Socialism, 9White emigres and National Socialists,

interaction of, limited, 9Bavaria

far right, German-White emigre, growth in,109, 134, 274

Kapp Putsch, success in, 110, 274Bavaria and Empire League

goals of, 190Ukrainians, nationalist, instruction of,

military, 190United Patriotic Associations, umbrella

organization of, 190Bavarian government

National Socialism, opposition to, 201–202Scheubner-Richter, Max, criticism from, 201

BerlinWhite emigre community in, largest initially,

63Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel

alliance, German–Russian, 96, 99–100,182

anti-Semitism of, 96background of, 56–57Baltic, intervention force for, plans for, 182,

dissolution of plans, 183Berlin, residency in, 112–113Biskupskii, collaboration with, 182, rivalry

with, 94, 97, 113Black Hundred movement and, 96embezzlement and, 250–251Entente, defiance of, 93far right, German-White emigre, talks and,

121fascists, White emigre, leader of, 251formations, military, German/Russian, 101Freikorps Uplands and, 174German–Russian Standard, leader of, 250Germany, expulsion from, 251, trip to, 91Goltz and, 92, 94Hitler and, 250Hoffmann, Max, and, 91–92Iudenich and, 93Kapp, German–Russian alliance, 99–100,

support, request for, 100–101Kapp Putsch and, 106Levin and, 93Ludendorff and, 91–92marginalizing of, 113Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

exclusion from, 145Munich, trips to, 113Noske and, 92






302 Index

Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel, (cont.)personality of, 182Petliura’s forces, incarceration by, 62popularity of, 93Prussia, exile from, 183putsch preparations in Munich, 204relations, German/Russian troops, 92–93Remmer, foreign minister of, 97, personal

representative of, 96Riga, assault on, plans for, 97Romanov, Kirill and, 182Russia, invasion of, plans for, 96Russian National Liberation Movement

(ROND), leader of, 250, organizer of,249–250

Russian National Political Committee,authority, weakening of, 96, 97

Southern Army, leader in, 57Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,

186surname, dubiousness of, 95–96Ukrainian Volunteer Army, service in, 60unit, machine gun, commander of, 92, Latvia,

journey to, 92, strength of, 92Western Volunteer Army, commander of, 94,

demotion in, 100, 101, remnants of, leader,de facto, of, 101

see also Latvian Intervention, where he playeda key role

Bischoff, JosefBiskupskii and, 248far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

116Iron Division, commander of, 86Russians, pro, 95Vrangel and, 122weapons, smuggling of, 248

Biskupskii, VladimirAufbau, contact man for, 126, vice president

of, 126, work, organizational, for, 128background of, 55Baltic, intervention force for, plans for, 182,

dissolution of plans, 183Bauer and, 178Bavaria, activities in, far right, 113Berlin, activities in, far right, 113, residency in,

113, visit to, 59Bermondt-Avalov, collaboration with, 182,

rivalry with, 94, 97, 113Bischoff and, 248career of, 2–3dictator, Russian, plans for, 187, 188Dubrovin, advisor for, claimed, 55Eugen Hoffmann & Co. Foreign Trade

Joint-Stock Company, co-founder of, 153Evaldt, Aufbau, winning for, 150

far right, German/White emigre, talks and,116, 121

Foreign Office, German, and, 127formations, military, German/Russian, 101General-Inspector of the Russian Forces

Interned in Germany, 101German Legion and, 94Germany, pro, 94Gestapo, activities, curtailing of by, 253, arrest

by, 253, collaboration with, 254Glasenap and, 178Glaser and, 204Goebbels and, 254Hitler and, 126, 158Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 214Hitler–Stalin Pact and, 259Horthy, collaboration with, 118, subsidies

from, 167Iudenich and, 94Kapp Putsch and, 106Kerenskii, contract, assassination of, 167League of the Defeated, organizer of, 180Ludendorff, advisor for, 214, agreement with,

monetary (Romanovs), 203, pact with,alliance, German–Russian, NationalSocialist, 187–188, relationship with, close,127–128

Miliukov, assassination attempt on and, 169Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

financer of, 145, participant at, 146National Socialist Party, financer of, 158, 204,

248Nemirovich-Danchenko and, 188Pan-Russian People’s Military League, leader

of, 126Patriotic Combat Associations, advisor of,

200–201personality of, 126, 127, 150Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 255Rathenau, assassination of and, 178Remmer, collaboration with, 162, opposition

from, 97Romanov, Kirill, advisor for, 253,

collaboration with, 162, support for, 152,157, representative for, 248, minister of warfor, 248

Romanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, denunciationof, 161

Romanov, Viktoria, affair with, 157,collaboration with, 157, subsidies from,248–249

Rosenberg, appeal to, 252, conflict with,251–252, service under, 254, snubbing from,252

Russian Committee for Refugee Welfare inBavaria and, 151






Index 303

Russian National Political Committee,president of, 96

Russians, pro-Krill, contact with, 248Russian Trust Authority, leader of, 253Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 126Schickedanz, personal secretary of, 128,

support from, 252Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,

186–187Supreme Monarchical Council and, 150Talberg and, 161Ukrainian Volunteer Army, commander in,

55, 60Union of the Faithful and, 144Union of the Russian People, member

of, 55Vrangel, representative for, bogus, 121–122Vyshivannyi, army of, formation of, 181–182,

support for, 181weapons, smuggling of, 248Western Volunteer Army, remnants of,

control of, official, 101White emigre, leading, 248

Black Hundred movementBaltic Germans, pro, 41Bermondt-Avalov and, 96Bolsheviks, defeat by, 45decline of, 38, 39election results, 37Germany, pro, 40Provisional Government, suppression

by, 43Black Hundreds

Union of the Russian People, parentorganization of, 36

violence of, 36Bohdan, Hustevych

Hitler, speeches of, 190instruction of, German military, 189–190Military Organization of Eastern Galicia,

member of, 189Bolsheviks

Aufbau, alliance with, proposed, 164,negotiations with, 162

Black Hundred movement, defeat of, 45counterrevolutionaries, trial of, 45–46Jews as, 34, supporters of in the Ukraine,

49Kornilov Putsch and, 44People’s Tribune, The, closure of, 45Provisional Government, overthrow

of, 45Riga, capture of, 84Scheubner-Richter, Max, negotiations with,

84, incarceration and threatened executionof, 84

Bork, Aleksandranti-Semitism, apocalyptic, of, 40Dubrovin, support for, 40Freedom and Order, co-publisher of, 40

Bormann, MartinAssociation against the Presumption of Jewry,

member of, 28National Socialist Party, Secretary of, 28

Borne, LudwigWagner, Richard, and, 21

Brazol, Borisanti-Comintern congress, organizer of, 249Aufbau and, 131Dearborn Independent, contributor to, 131Ford and, 203Himmler and, 249Romanov, Kirill, subsidies to, 249, support

for, 130–131, 160Scheubner-Richter, Max and, 131

Brest-Litovsknegotiations at, 49, 81Treaty of, effects of, 51

Call, TheBolsheviks, black mass of, supposed, 64closure of, 111debts of, 111Eckart and, 64Germany, pro, 64Hausen and, 64–65Jewish Bolshevism, 64mouthpiece of anti-Semitic, right-wing White

emigres, 64Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, writer for, 64Taboritskii, technical editor of, 64Vinberg, editor of, 64Volkisch Observer and, 65Zunder Document and, 65

Cartel of National Newspapers in the Stateactivities of, 153Nicolai, leader of, 153

Center for the Preservation ofHistorical-Documentary Collections,Moscow

access, problems with, 10–11archival materials, plundered, 10, 11pre-history of, 10

Central Committee for the East Prussian HomeService

Central Office for Home Service, founderof, 85

Scheubner-Richter, Max, leader of, 85Central Office for Home Service

Central Committee for the East PrussianHome Service, subsidiary of, 85

goals of, 85






304 Index

Chamberlain, Houston StewartEckart, articles to, 71, influence on, 71Foundations of the Nineteenth Century,

idealism, German, vs. materialism,Jewish, 24–25

Hitler, meeting with, 206, praise for,206–207, praise from, 207

Pan-German League, member of, 29Rosenberg and, 206Schopenhauer, influence from, 25Wagner, Richard, ideas, summary of, 24,

influence from, 24, reverence for, 24Cheka (Extraordinary Commission for the

Struggle with Counter-Revolution)Kommissarov and, 114Whites, arrest of, 62

Class, HeinrichChamberlain, influence from, 26De Gobineau, influence from, 26Hausen and, 27–28Hitler and, 28If I were the Kaiser, anti-Semitism of, 26–27,

success of, relative, 27Kapp and, 29, 30Ludendorff and, 30Pan-German League, chairman of, 26

Coburg expedition, 158–159Eckart and, 158Hitler and, 158In Plain German and, 158Rosenberg and, 158Storm Section (SA) and, 158

Cohn, NormanWarrant for Genocide, Protocols of the

Elders of Zion, The, origins of, erroneous, 8,57, 58

Combat LeagueAwakening Hungary, treaty with, 210formation of, 205goals and spirit of, 208Hitler, leader of, 205Imperial Flag, member of, 205Kahr, opposition to, 207, 208–209Ludendorff, leader in, 205Scheubner-Richter, Max, approval from,

205–206, plenipotentiary of, 205Storm Section (SA), member of, 205Uplands League, member of, 205Viking League, conflict with, 207–208

Communists, GermanHitler, opposition from, 164volkisch Germans, similarities with, 164

conservative revolutionaries, Imperial Russiananti-Semitism, apocalyptic, of, 33–34ideology of, 30–31

success of, moderate, 31Western civilization, destruction of, 33see also far right, Russian

CossacksHitler and, 264Hungary, move to, 153Keitel and, 265Rosenberg and, 265

Cossacks, UkrainianPoltavets-Ostranitsa, leader of, 52Rada, opposition to, 52see also Ukrainian National Cossack

OrganizationCramer-Klett, Theodor von

Aufbau, president of, 126Ludendorff and, 126Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

financer of, 145, loan to participants, 172Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 126Vyshivannyi and, 181wealth of, 126Wittelsbach and, 126

Crimean Peninsulapopulation of, Entente, anti, 120, Germany,

pro, 120Vrangel, headquarters on, 120

Crime and Punishmentsee Dostoevskii

Culture Struggle (Kulturkampf ), 26

Dearborn IndependentBrazol, contributor to, 131Ford, owner of, 131

Diary of a Writersee Dostoevskii

Dostoevskii, FedorCrime and Punishment, similarity to his life, 31Diary of a Writer, altar and throne, 31–32,

anti-Semitism, 32, apocalyptic, 32–33,Europe, destruction of, 32–33,Slavophilism, apocalyptic, 32

ideology, development of, 31popularity of in postwar Germany, 220

Dubrovin, AleksandrAll-Russian Dubrovin Union of the Russian

People, leader of, 39Markov II, conflict with, 39Russian Banner, The, editor of, 38Shabelskii-Bork, Elsa, and, 40Union of the Russian People, leader of, 35

Dzerzhinskii, FeliksPeople’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs,

leader of, 156Romanov, Kirill, manifestos of, opposition to,

156–157






Index 305

East German Home ServiceScheubner-Richter, Max, leader of, 90–91,

removal from, 106East Prussian Home League

goals of, 87Kapp, founder of, 87

Eberhard (Major General)Western Volunteer Army, command of, 100

Eckart, Dietrichalliance, German–Russian, anti-Semitic,

139Aufbau, alliance, German–Russian,

anti-Semitic, influence from, 137–138,ideology, influence from, 218, 238

background of, 71Call, The, and, 64Chamberlain, articles from, 71, influence

from, 71Coburg expedition and, 158conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik,

224–225Hausen and, 72Hitler, discussions with, 72, influence on, 70,

71, 73, Jewish Bolshevism, intelligentsia,annihilation of, citation by, 232, meetingwith, 72, mentor for, 220, praise for, 72,praise from, 72

In Plain German, editor of, 71Jewish Bolshevism, 228–229, apocalyptic,

241–242, Germany, threat to, 234–235,Russia, intelligentsia of, annihilation of,231–232, tortures of, 231–232

Jews, measures against, plans for, 236–237Kapp, discussions with, 105, praise from, 88,

thanks for, 88Kapp Putsch and, 105, disillusionment with,

105Kursell, collaboration with, 89, 129, meeting

with, 89National Socialism, ideology, contributions

to, 218obscurity of in historical literature, 70Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, Hitler,

introduction of to, 73, influence on, 12–13,49, spread of, 74, treatment of, 73–74,veracity of, 74

Rosenberg, collaboration with, 71–72,meeting with, 71, praise for, 72

Scheubner-Richter, Max, friendship with, 132,meeting with, 89

Schopenhauer, influence from, 71Thule Society, guest of, 70Trotskii, opposition to, 73volkisch ideology, world-affirmation, Jewish,

negation of, 71

Volkisch Observer, editor of, 228–229Wagner, Richard, influence from, 71Zunder Document and, 232

Ehrhardt Brigadebackground of, 103–104Berlin, stationing near, 104Ehrhardt, commander of, 103Goring, leader in, 104Kapp Putsch and, 104Noske, dissolution of, order for, 104

Ehrhardt, HermannEhrhardt Brigade, commander of, 103Hitler, collaboration with, 172, conflict with,

208Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch, opposition to,

210–211Kahr and, 207Kapp, letter to on behalf of Guderian, 104Ludendorff, conflict with, 208monarchy, support for, 111Organization C, leader of, 171Pabst and, 104police protection of, 111Scheubner-Richter, Max, conflict with, 208

EntenteBermondt-Avalov, defiance from, 93Germany, harshness towards, 94, leniency

towards, 84–85Latvian Intervention, opposition to, 94

Eugen Hoffmann & Co. Foreign TradeJoint-Stock Company

Aufbau, parent organization of, 153Biskupskii, co-founder of, 153Hungary, investment in, 153, 154Keppen, financer of, 154Ludendorff, co-founder of, 153Romanov, Viktoria, financer of, 154

Eulogius (Archbishop)Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall

and, 146Evaldt, Fedor

Aufbau, assessor in, 150, Biskupskii, winningE. for, 150, Russian Committee for RefugeeWelfare in Bavaria, placing at head of,150–151

embezzlement and, 62Kiev, military commander of, 62Monarchical Bloc, member of, 56Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

Organizational Committee, member of,145

Munich, move to, 150Russian Committee for Refugee Welfare in

Bavaria, leader of, 150–151Union of the Faithful, leader in, 144






306 Index

far right, German/White emigreBavaria, growth in, 109, 134, 274Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, influence

of, 70, 116rise of after Bolshevik Revolution and World

War I, 19talks of, including Vrangel, 116, 121–122

far right, Imperial Germandevelopment of, 18failures of, 3, 12, 25–26, 28, 272–273ideology of, 11–12see also volkisch Germans and volkisch

ideologyfar right, Russian

Bolshevik Revolution, spur from, 19, 47development of, 18–19failures of, 3, 12, 19, 46–47, 273ideology of, 11, 12, 46, 273see also Black Hundred movement and

conservative revolutionariesFermor, N. N.

Ludendorff and, 103People’s State Party, vice president of, 103

Final Solution, 279Aufbau and, 17Hitler and, 269Rosenberg, reference to, 269, 270, role in, 2,

17, 269–270Ukrainians, police units and, 270

fleet, EnglishWestern Volunteer Army, firing upon, 98

Fletcher, AlfredBaltic Defense Force, commander of, 82Kapp, collaboration with, 82, report to,

Latvian Intervention, 87Ford, Henry

Aufbau, subsidies to, 203Brazol, contact man of, 203Dearborn Independent, owner of, 131Hitler, praise from, 203National Socialist Party, subsidies to, 203Romanov, Kirill, subsidies to, 203

Foreign Office, GermanAufbau, opposition to, 127Biskupskii and, 127Foreign Policy Office, National Socialist,

opposition to, 252Hitler, opposition from, 252Russian National Liberation Movement

(ROND), opposition to, 250Scheubner-Richter, Max, opposition to, 127

Foreign Policy Office, National Socialistdecline of, 258Foreign Office, German, opposition to, 252Poltavets-Ostranitsa, funding for, cutting of,

258

Rosenberg, leader of, 252Sakharov and, 266–267Schickedanz, chief of staff of, 252

Foundations of the Nineteenth Centurysee Chamberlain

four writers of the apocalypse, theideology of, 16, 218–219, 243, 278Jews, measures against, plans for, 243National Socialist ideology, influence on,

243Freedom and Order

Bork, co-publisher of, 40Shabelskii-Bork, Elsa, co-publisher of, 40Tsar Romanov II, reader of, 40

Freikorps (volunteer corps)anti-Semitism of, 176German Legion, collection of all in Latvia,

94Goltz, commander of all in Latvia, 85National Socialist Party, influence on, 176Weimar German government, dissolution by,

102Freikorps Uplands

Aufbau and, 186Bermondt-Avalov and, 174Hitler and, 174ideology of, 174Organization C and, 174Poles, opposition to, 174Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,

186Thule Society, creator of, 174Uplands League, successor of, 200

From the Double-Headed Eagle to the Red Bannersee Krasnov

Future Path of a German Foreign Policy, Thesee Rosenberg

Gaal, JosefAwakening Hungary, leader in, 205Bauer and, 205Hitler and, 205

German Fatherland PartyGoltz and, 29Hausen and, 29, 30Kaiser Hohenzollern II, opposition to, 28–29Kapp, chairman of, 29Ludendorff and, 30Tirpitz, leader of Germany, plans for, 29

German LegionBiskupskii and, 94Freikorps, collection of all in Latvia, 94

German Ordergoal of, 67Hausen, leader in, 67Thule Society, extension of, 67






Index 307

German–Russian StandardBermondt-Avalov, leader of, 250membership of, 250

German Worker’s PartyHitler, agitator for, 72National Socialist German Worker’s Party,

successor of, 72Rosenberg, member of, 72Thule Society, parent organization of, 72

Germany, Imperialunification of, late and incomplete, 19

GestapoBiskupskii, activities, curtailing of, 253, arrest

of, 253, collaboration with, 254Hitler, secret police of, 249

Glasenap, PiotrAufbau and, 196Baltic, intervention force for, plans for, 182,

dissolution of plans, 183Bauer and, 178Biskupskii and, 178East Prussia, combat units, White emigre, in,

196Hungary, formation, White emigre, in, 196Rathenau, assassination of and, 178Romanov, Kirill, and, 157–158Volkonskii and, 196

Glaser, A.Aufbau, member of, 132Biskupskii and, 204National Socialist Party, financer of with

Biskupskii, 204Goebbels, Josef

Biskupskii and, 254Propaganda Minister, 254Russian Liberation Army and, 264

Goldhagen, DanielHitler’s Willing Executioners, anti-Semitism,

German, eliminationist, sui generis, 5Golitsyn, D. P.

Romanov, Kirill, and, 159Russian Assembly, leader of, 34Supreme Monarchical Council, representative

of, 159Goltz, Rudiger von der

anti-Bolshevism of, 85–86background of, 85Baltikumer, military colonies, placement in,

102Bermondt-Avalov and, 92, 94Biskupskii and, 101far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

121, 122Freikorps, commander of in Latvia, 85German Fatherland Party and, 29Guilt, The, anti-Bolshevism, missionary, 86

Horthy and, 119Kapp and, 87Latvia, departure from, 94National Socialist Party and, 202Ostpolitik (Eastern policy) of, 86Vrangel and, 122Weimar German government, stab in the

back from, 100Western Volunteer Army and, 94–95

Gombos, GyulaHungarian Minister President, 151Scheubner-Richter, Max, legacy of, 247, talks

with, 151Goring, Hermann

Air Force, commander of, 257Ehrhardt Brigade, leader in, 104hiding of, 212Kapp Putsch and, 104–105Organization C, leader in, 173Storm Section (SA), leader of, 173

Great BritainImperial Russia, rivalry with, 40

Great Don HostGermans, support from, 57Germany, Imperial, trade agreement with,

59Krasnov, leader of, 57Leuchtenbergskii, member of, 58–59People’s State Party, protection of, 102Rodionov, member of, 57Sentinel, The, newspaper of, 57Southern Army and, 57

Great in the Small and the Anti-Christ as anImminent Political Possibility, The

see NilusGuderian, Heinz

Latvian Intervention and, 104Guilt, The

see GoltzGunther, Alfred

Bauer, adjutant for, 178, 179Hitler and, 179Klintzsch and, 179Ludendorff and, 178–179National Socialist Party and, 179Organization C, leader in, 179Rathenau, assassination of and, 179Scheidemann, assassination attempt on and,

179

Hagemeister, MichaelProtocols of the Elders of Zion, The, Cohn’s

theory, rejection of, 8, 57–58Hamann, Brigitte

Hitler’s Vienna, Hitler, anti-Semitism, lack ofearly, 4






308 Index

Hausen, Ludwig Muller vonalliance, nationalist German–Russian, draft

of, 89–90Association against the Presumption of Jewry,

founder of, 27Awakening Hungary and, 204–205Call, The, and, 64–65Class and, 27–28Eckart and, 72German Fatherland Party and, 29, 30German Order, leader in, 67Kapp and, 89Ludendorff, advisor for, 30Nilus, report on from Kartsov, 67On Outpost Duty, editor of, 65Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, Kurlov,

information on from, 66, publicationof, 11, 65, Volkisch Observer, sending to, 68

Rosenberg and, 72Schopenhauer, influence from, 27Vinberg and, 64World War I, service in, 29–30Zunder Document and, 65

Heines, EdmundNational Socialists, Baltikumer, ethos,

common, 176Rossbach Corps, leader in, 176

Hetmanate, UkrainianArmy Group Eichhorn and, 54

Himmler, HeinrichBrazol and, 249Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, influence

on, 76Russian Liberation Army and, 264Scheubner-Richter, Mathilde, and, 247SS, head of, 76

Historikerstreit (Historians’ Debate)National Socialism, singularity of, 5Nolte, ideas, rejection of, 5

Hitler, AdolfAction Group of National Associations,

co-leader of, 202alliance, German–Russian, anti-Semitic,

141–143Amann, colleague of, 129, National Socialist

Party, grant of deputy leadership to, 214–215anti-Semitism, lack of early on, 4Aufbau, alliance, German–Russian,

anti-Semitic, influence from, 15, 137–138,141, 142, 165, 276, ideology, influence from,217–218, 236, 238, Lebensraum (livingspace), influence from, 184, Soviet Union,reorganization of, plans for, 15, 167, 180,192, 277, Soviet Union, subversion against,185, support for Aufbau, 14, 137, 276

Aufbau Ost (Reconstruction East), SovietUnion, invasion of, plans for, 260

Awakening Hungary and, 204–205Bermondt-Avalov and, 250Biskupskii and, 126, 158Chamberlain, meeting with, 206, praise from,

206–207, praise for, 207Chancellor of Germany, 247Class and, 28Coburg expedition and, 158Combat League, leader of, 205Commissar Decree and, 269Communists, opposition to, 164conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik, 124,

225–226, 227, 268Cossacks and, 264Eckart, discussions with, 72, influence from,

70, 71, 73, Jewish Bolshevism, Russia,intelligentsia of, annihilation of, citation of,232, meeting with, 72, mentor of, 220,praise for, 72, praise from, 72

Ehrhardt, collaboration with, 172, conflictwith, 208

Final Solution and, 269Ford and, 203Foreign Office, German, opposition to,

252Freikorps Uplands and, 174Gaal and, 205German Worker’s Party, agitator for, 72Gestapo, secret police of, 249Gunther and, 179Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 209, 211,

assessment of, 211–212Hoffmann, Alfred, and, 172ideology, development, late, of, 4, 16,

219–220, mixture of volkisch German andWhite emigre ideas, 4, 16

imprisonment of, 212Jewish Bolshevism, 17, 124, 229–230,

apocalyptic, 242, 268, deaths because of,232, 233, Germany, intelligentsia, threat to,235–236, intelligentsias, all, threat to, 236,Russia, intelligentsia of, annihilation of,232–233

Kahr, opposition to, 208Kapp and, 105Kapp Putsch and, 105, disillusionment with,

105Koch and, 263Kursell, portraits from, 249Lebensraum (living space), 184–185Ludendorff, coordination with by

Scheubner-Richter, Max, 194, meetingwith, 128






Index 309

Mein Kampf, conspiracy, Jewishcapitalist–Bolshevik, 226, ideology, earlydevelopment of, claimed, 219, JewishBolshevism, apocalyptic, 242–243, deathsbecause of, 233, intelligentsia, Russian,annihilation of, 232–233, Protocols of theElders of Zion, The, 76

National Socialist Party, dictator of, 110Nicolai and, 194Patriotic Combat Associations, leader of,

200–201Poltavets-Ostranitsa, collaboration with,

256–257, relationship with, close, 255,support from, 204, 255–256, 257

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, influenceon, 13, 49, 76, introduction to by Eckart,73, treatment of, 75–76

Romanov, Kirill, and, 137Rosenberg, influence from, 70, 73,

collaboration with, 267, meeting with, 72,mentor of, 220, National Socialist Party,grant of leadership to, 214, praise for,72–73, thanks for, 224

Rossbach, collaboration with, 175–176,meeting with, 175

Russian National Liberation Movement(ROND), dissolution of, 250

Sakharov and, 249Scheubner-Richter, Mathilde, relationship

with, close, 197, praise for, 247Scheubner-Richter, Max, admiration from,

124, collaboration with, 124, counselor andforeign policy advisor of, 7, 183, eulogizingof, 247, influence from, 196, meeting with,124, praise for, 213–214, praise from, 206,putsch, talks of, 209, representativeof, 209

Schwartz-Bostunich and, 266socialism, leaning towards, 4, 219–220Taboritskii and, 253Trebitsch-Lincoln, disgust at, 105Ukraine, precedence over Moscow, 261–262Ukrainian National Cossack Organization

and, 190United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria,

leader of, 194Vinberg, discussions with, 2, 130, 230, Jewish

Bolshevism, citation of, 230volkisch ideology, use of, 236Wagner, Richard, influence from, 207War Leadership and Politics, praise for,

128Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch, 209–212, 215

appeal to the public, 209Aufbau and, 15–16, 277

Awakening Hungary and, 210Bauer and, 212Biskupskii and, 214consequences of, 215Ehrhardt, opposition from, 210–211Hitler and, 209, 211, assessment of, 211–212Kahr and, 209, 211Kapp Putsch, similarities with, 212Ludendorff and, 209–210, 211Pabst and, 212preparations for, 194, 195, 197, 200–209Rosenberg and, 209, 211Rossbach and, 210Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 209–210,

211Schickedanz and, 211, 214Ulain and, 210Uplands League and, 210

Hitler–Stalin Pact, 258–260Biskupskii, reaction to, 259Rosenberg, opposition from, 259White emigres, reaction to, 258, 259

Hitler’s Viennasee Hamann

Hitler’s Willing Executionerssee Goldhagen

Hoffmann, AlfredHitler and, 172Organization C, leader in, 173

Hoffmann, MaxBermondt-Avalov and, 91–92Biskupskii and, 101Brest-Litovsk, negotiator in, 49far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

121Kapp and, 88Ukraine, Bolshevik, opposition to, 49–50

Horthy, NicholasBauer, collaboration with, 118, subsidies to,

167Biskupskii, collaboration with, 118, subsidies

to, 167Goltz and, 119Habsburg Dynasty, regent for, 118–119Ludendorff and, 119Romanov, Kirill, and, 159Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 119, 196

HungaryAufbau, relations, economic, with, 154

If I were the Kaisersee Class

Imperial FlagCombat League, umbrella organization for,

205






310 Index

Imperial Flag (cont.)numbers of, 200Rohm, leader in, 189United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria,

umbrella organization for, 200In Plain German

circulation of, 71, 88Coburg expedition and, 158Eckart, editor of, 71Kapp, subsidies from, 88, subscriber to, 88Kursell, artist for, 89Rosenberg, director of, temporary, 71–72Thule Society, support from, 71

Iron DivisionBaltic Sea, position near, 86Bischoff, commander of, 86Storm Section Rossbach, absorption of, 99

Iudenich, NikolaiBermondt-Avalov, disobedience from, 93Biskupskii and, 94Entente, pro, 92Estonia, based in, 92

JewsBolsheviks as, 34, support of B. in Ukraine, 49population in Imperial Russia, 34revolution, support of in Imperial Russia, 34segregation of in Imperial Russia, 34violence against in Imperial Russia, 34, 36

“Judaism in Music,”see Wagner, Richard

Kahr, Gustav Ritter vonCombat League, opposition to, 207, 208–209Ehrhardt and, 207General State Commissioner, 207Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 209, 211Hitler, opposition from, 208Minister President of Bavaria, 110National Socialist Party, meetings of, banning

of, 207Scheubner-Richter, Max, opposition to, 207

Kaiser Wilhelm Hohenzollern IIGerman Fatherland Party, opposition from,

28–29Leuchtenbergskii and, 58–59Pan-German League, opposition from, 28–29putsch, rightist, escape from, 28–29, 30Skoropadskii and, 59

Kapp Putsch, 13, 79, 104–106, 107–108, 274Bauer and, 104Bavaria, success in, 110, 274Bermondt-Avalov and, 106Biskupskii and, 106collapse of, 106Eckart and, 105, disillusionment with, 105

Ehrhardt Brigade and, 104Goring and, 104Hitler and, 105, disillusionment with, 105Kapp and, 104, assessment of, 107Latvian Intervention, support from, 79legacy of, 79, 108Ludendorff and, 102, 104Pabst and, 104preparations for, 87–88, 89–90, 93–94, 97,

101–104Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 106, assessment

of, 106–107Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and, 106support, popular, lack of, 104, 106Taboritskii and, 106Trebitsch-Lincoln and, 105Vinberg and, 106Weimar German government, flight in, 104Western Volunteer Army, remnants of, and,

106Kapp, Wolfgang

Bavaria, approval for, 111Bermondt-Avalov, German–Russian alliance,

99–100, support, request for, 100–101Class and, 29, 30East Prussian Home League, founder of, 87Eckart, discussions with, 105, praise for, 88,

thanks from, 88Ehrhardt, letter from on behalf of Guderian,

104Fletcher, collaboration with, 82, report from

on Latvian Intervention, 87German Fatherland Party, chairman of, 29Goltz and, 87Hausen and, 89Hitler and, 105Hoffmann, Max, and, 88In Plain German, subsidies to, 88, subscriber

to, 88Kapp Putsch and, 104, assessment of, 107Munich, outpost of support for, 88National Union, founder of, 93Northern Army and, 83Tirpitz, advisor for, plans for, 29

Kartsov, Iuriibackground of, 66–67Nilus, report on to Hausen, 67

Kautter, EberhardMonarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall

and, 171–172Organization C, leader in, 171

Kazem Bek, MirzaAufbau, collaboration with, 154, delegation

from, 154, 177Rathenau, denunciation of, 177Russian Monarchical Club, president of, 154






Index 311

Keitel, WilhelmCossacks and, 265Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 264

Keller, P.Monarchical Bloc, member of, 56Petliura’s forces, execution by, 62,

incarceration by, 62Petliura, struggle against, 60Southern Army, commander of, 56Ukrainian Volunteer Army, commander of, 60

Keppen, VladimirAufbau, financer of, 131Eugen Hoffmann & Co. Foreign Trade

Joint-Stock Company, financer of, 154Vyshivannyi and, 181

Kerenskii, AleksandrBauer, contract, assassination, from, 167Biskupskii, contract, assassination, from, 167Provisional Government, head of, 43Scheubner-Richter, Max, hatred from, 168

Kiev, capture ofGermans, Imperial, 50Petliura’s forces, 62Red Army, 49Wehrmacht (Armed Forces), 262

Killinger, ManfredOrganization C, leader in, 174

Klintzsch, HansGunther and, 179Organization C, member of, 173Storm Section (SA), leader of, 173

Koch, ErichHitler and, 263Rosenberg, dispute with, 263State Commissioner Ukraine, 263

Kommissarov, MikhailAufbau, foundation of and, 36background of, 113–114Bolsheviks and, 114, 119Cheka and, 114

far right, German/White emigre, talks and, 116Kurlov and, 114Ludendorff and, 114Pelikan, animosity from, 119, collaboration

with, 115personality of, 114pogrom literature and, 36Rasputin and, 114Scheglovitov and, 115Society for Ukrainian–Bavarian Import and

Export and, 115Union of the Faithful, member of, 115Union of the Russian People and, 36Vrangel, ban from, 119, mission to,

absconding from, 119, mission to, memberof, 118, representative for (bogus), 115, 119

Kornilov, LavrKornilov Putsch and, 43

Kornilov Putschconsequences of, 44Kornilov and, 43Officer’s Duty and, 43Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and, 44Taboritskii and, 44Vinberg and, 43

Krasnov, PiotrAufbau and, 187From the Double-Headed Eagle to the Red

Banner, Jewish Bolsheviks eradicateGentiles, 147

Great Don Host, leader of, 57Markov II and, 147Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

White emigre military forces, leader of, 147Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,

186–187Union of the Faithful, leader in, 147

Kurlov (General)background of, 66Kommissarov and, 114Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The,

information on to Hausen, 66Kursell, Otto von

anti-Bolshevism of, 89Aufbau, leader of, 213, 214, member of, 129Aufbau Correspondence, editor of, 214background of, 41, 82Baltic League, leader in, 129Bolsheviks, life under, 82Eckart, collaboration with, 89, 129, meeting

with, 89Hitler, portraits for, 249In Plain German, artist for, 89Munich, residency in, 111–112National Socialist Party, joining of, 129Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 258Romanov, Kirill, and, 249Rosenberg and, 129Rubonia and, 42Scheubner-Richter, Max, collaboration with,

82, 129, eulogy for, 213, Rubonia and,41–42

White emigres and National Socialists,mediator between, 9

Lampe, Aleksandr vonAufbau, suspicion of, 124Russian Universal Military Union (ROVS),

representative of, 151Scheubner-Richter, Max, break with, 152,

talks with, failed, 151–152Vinberg, opposition to, 124






312 Index

Laqueur, WalterRussia and Germany, White emigre

contributions to National Socialismoverlooked, 7–8

Latvian Intervention, 13, 77, 78–79, 84–87,90–93, 94–101, 107, 274

Entente, opposition from, 94Kapp Putsch, support to, 79legacy of, 108Ukrainian Intervention and, 78

League of the DefeatedBiskupskii, organizer of, 180

Lenin, Vladimirillness of, 163Soviet Union, leader of, 163

Leuchtenbergskii, Georgiiagreement, trade, with Imperial Germany,

59Great Don Host, member of, 58Kaiser Hohenzollern II and, 58Ludendorff and, 58

Levin, AnatolBaltic Defense Force, commander in, 86Bermondt-Avalov, disobedience from, 93

Ludendorff, Erich vonAction Group of National Associations,

co-leader of, 202anti-Bolshevism of, 51, 54Aufbau, approval for, 128, member of, 127Bermondt-Avalov and, 91–92Biskupskii, advisor of, 214, agreement with,

monetary, Romanovs, 203, pact with,alliance, German–Russian, NationalSocialist, 187–188, relationship with, close,127–128

Class and, 30Combat League, leader in, 205Cramer-Klett and, 126Ehrhardt, conflict with, 208Eugen Hoffmann & Co. Foreign Trade

Joint-Stock Company, co-founder of,153

far right, German/White emigre, talks and,116, 121

Fermor and, 103German Fatherland Party and, 30Gunther and, 178–179Hitler, coordination with by

Scheubner-Richter, Max, 194, meetingwith, 128

Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 209–210,211

Horthy and, 119Kapp Putsch and, 102, 104Kommissarov and, 114

Leuchtenbergskii and, 59National Socialist Party and, 195National Union, dictator, plans for, 97, leader

in, 93Nicolai and, 152, 153Pan-German League and, 30Patriotic Combat Associations, leader in,

200–201People’s State Party and, 102, 103Pohner and, 110–111Poland, opposition to, 187Rathenau, assassination of and, 178–179roles of, 30Romanov, Kirill, subsidies from, 203, support

for, 152, 157Rossbach and, 99Scheubner-Richter, Max, advisor of, 194,

patronage to, 80, 128Schickedanz, agreement with, monetary,

Romanovs, 203Skoropadskii and, 59Ukraine, Bolshevik, opposition to, 49, 50United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria and,

194, leader in, 195Vyshivannyi and, 181War Leadership and Politics, anti-Semitism of,

128, Hitler, praise from, 128, militarism of,128

Whites and, 54–55

Markov II, NikolaiAufbau, conflict with, 14Dubrovin, conflict with, 39Entente, pro, 143Germany, pro, 40, anti, 143Krasnov and, 147Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

Organizational Committee, leader of, 145,speech, anti-Treaty of Versailles, 147,welcoming address, 146

murder, Jewish ritual in Kiev, supposed, and,39

Purishkevich and, 39Romanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, and, 160Soviet Union, invasion of, plans for, 155Supreme Monarchical Council, leader of,

147Union of the Faithful, in Germany, leader of,

144, in Russia, leader of, 55Union of the Russian People faction, leader

of, 40Union of the Russian People, leader in, 39unpopularity of, 161White emigres, leadership pretensions for,

143, 144






Index 313

Mein Kampf (My Struggle)see Hitler

Michael the Archangel Russian People’s Unionfoundation of, 38People’s State Party, successor of, 102Purishkevich, leader of, 38Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, member of, 44statutes of, 38Vinberg, member of, 43

Military Organization of Eastern GaliciaAufbau and, 189Bohdan, member of, 189goals of, 189Romanov, Kirill, and, 189

Miliukov, Pavelassassination attempt on, Aufbau and, 169,

Biskupskii and, 169, Scheubner-Richter,Max, and, 170, Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, andTaboritskii, perpetrators of, 168, Union ofthe faithful and, 169, Vinberg and, 169,Volkisch Observer and, 170–171

Constitutional Democrats, leader of, 168Scheubner-Richter, Max, denunciation from,

170Tsaritsa Romanov, denunciation of, 169Vinberg, hatred from, 169

Monarchical BlocEvaldt, member of, 56goals of, 55–56Keller, member of, 56Pelikan, member of, 56Scheglovitov, member of, 56Southern Army and, 56Union of the Faithful, founder of, 55

Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,145–148

Amann, financer of, 145Aufbau, triumph for, 149Bermondt-Avalov, exclusion from, 145Biskupskii, financer of, 145, participant

at, 146Cramer-Klett, financer of, 145, loan to

participants, 172Eulogius and, 146Evaldt, Organizational Committee, member

of, 145Kautter and, 171–172Krasnov, White emigre military forces, leader

of, 147Markov II, Organizational Committee, leader

of, 145, speech, anti-Treaty of Versailles,147, welcoming address, 146

membership of, 145–146Nemirovich-Danchenko, German–Russian

alliance, 148

Poltavets-Ostranitsa, exclusion from, 145preparations for, 144–145Sakharov and, 146Scheubner-Richter, Max, assessment of, 148,

149, financer of, 145, organizer of, 145,originator of idea for, 144–145, speech,alliance, German–Russian, 146–147

Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, PropagandaCommittee, secretary of, 148

Supreme Monarchical Council, creation of at,147

Talberg, Organizational Committee, memberof, 145

Vinberg, Propaganda Committee, assistant to,148

MunichKapp, outpost for, 88White emigre community, composition of,

112, numbers of, 112, shrinking of, 212murder, Jewish ritual in Kiev, supposed

Markov II and, 39Purishkevich and, 39Union of the Russian People and, 39

Mussolini, BenitoScheubner-Richter and, 195

Myth of the Twentieth Century, Thesee Rosenberg

Nabokov, Vladimirassassination of, Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and

Taboritskii, 168Constitutional Democrats, a leader of, 168novelist, father of, 168

National SocialismArmy, German, opposition from, 201, support

from, 201Aufbau, contributions from, 1,6–7, ideology

from, 16, 216, 243–244, 278, legacy from,16–17, 244, 245–246, 270–271, 278–279

Bavarian government, opposition from,201–202

ideology of, conspiracy, Jewishcapitalist–Bolshevik, 9, 18, Eckart and, 218,four writers of the apocalypse, the, and,243, Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, and,76, volkisch German and White emigre, 1,46, 278

Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 190–191roots of, volkisch German/White emigre, 1, 6,

11, 17, 18, 272Ukrainian Cossack, The, and, 190–191White emigres, contributions from, 17,

279–280National Socialism and Bolshevism

see Nolte






314 Index

National Socialist, TheDostoevskii, use of, anti-Semitic, 222

National Socialist ArchivesAufbau Correspondence, housing of, 129Scheubner-Richter, Mathilde, creator

of, 247National Socialist German Worker’s Party

(NSDAP)Action Group of National Associations,

umbrella organization for, 202Amann, deputy leader of, 214–215, secretary

of, 129Aufbau, alliance with, 158, 192, intelligence,

Ukrainian, from, 189, subsidies from,276

Awakening Hungary and, 204–205Biskupskii, financer of, 158, 204, 248Brazol, Ford, contact man for, 203Ford, subsidies from, 203foundation of, 72Freikorps, influence from, 176German Worker’s Party, parent organization

of, 72Glaser, financer of with Biskupskii, 204Goltz and, 202Gunther and, 179Hitler, dictator of, 110Kahr, meetings of, banning of, 207Kursell, joining of, 129Ludendorff and, 195Organization C, collaboration with, 171, 173,

influence from, 173Pohner and, 110Poltavets-Ostranitsa, expert, Ukrainian, 257,

work for, 258Project S, intelligence from, 153rise of, 110Romanov, Kirill, subsidies from, 14, 158,

203Rosenberg, ideologue, leading, for, 129, 265,

267, leader of, 214Rossbach, joining of, 175Scheubner-Richter, Max, financer of, 204,

joining of, 124Schickedanz, member of, 128Schwartz-Bostunich and, 266Storm Section Rossbach, uniforms from,

202Taboritskii and, 253Thyssen, subsidies from, 204Ukrainian National Cossack Organization

and, 255, similarities with, 190United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria,

umbrella organization for, 195Werber and, 172–173

National Socialist regimePoltavets-Ostranitsa, influence in, 256Ukraine, satellite state, plans for, 256

National SocialistsBaltikumer, ethos, shared, 176conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik, 9White emigres, collaboration with, 9,

differences with, 9National Union

activities of, 93Bauer, leader in, 93goals of, 93Kapp, founder of, 93Ludendorff, dictator, plans for, 97, leader in,

93Pabst, secretary of, 93putsch, plans for, 97Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 94Winnig and, 93–94

Nemirovich-Danchenko, GeorgiiAufbau, Ukrainian expert in, 130, 188Biskupskii and, 188career of, 117–118conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik,

148Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

German–Russian alliance, 148Renewal, Ukrainian expert in, 188Scheubner-Richter, Max, collaboration with,

118, 188, eulogy for, 213Vrangel, anti-Semitism, disagreement about,

118, press chief for, 118Nicolai, Walther

anti-Bolshevism of, 51Cartel of National Newspapers in the State,

leader of, 153Hitler and, 194intelligence to Aufbau and the National

Socialist Party, 11leader of intelligence in World War I, 51Ludendorff and, 152, 153Project S, leader of, 153Scheubner-Richter, Max, collaboration with,

153, suspicion of, 196–197United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria and,

194Nilus, Sergei

Anti-Christ, help from Jews, 33Great in the Small and the Anti-Christ as an

Imminent Political Possibility, The, Protocolsof the Elders of Zion, The, inclusion in, 58,Tsaritsa Romanov, possession of, 60

“Short Tale of the Anti-Christ, A,” influencefrom, 33

Western civilization, destruction of, 33






Index 315

Nolte, ErnstNational Socialism and Bolshevism, Bolshevism

causal agent of National Socialism, 5, 6Northern Army

Army High Command East VIII, founder of,83

goals of, 83Kapp and, 83Red Army, defeat by, 84

Noske, GustavBermondt-Avalov and, 92Ehrhardt Brigade, dissolution of, order for,

104War Minister, 92Western Volunteer Army and, 95

Officer’s DutyKornilov Putsch and, 43Vinberg, founder of, 43

On Outpost DutyHausen, editor of, 65Zunder Document, printing of, 65

Organization C, 171anti-Bolshevism of, 174Aufbau and, 171Bolshevism, overthrow of, plans for, 174–175Communist Party, tactics of, similarity to, 173Ehrhardt, leader of, 171extent of, 171Freikorps Uplands and, 174Goring, leader in, 173Gunther, leader in, 179Hoffmann, Alfred, leader in, 173Kautter, leader in, 171Killinger, leader in, 174Klintzsch, member of, 173National Socialist Party, collaboration with,

171, 173, influence over, 173Rathenau, assassination of and, 176Rossbach and, 175Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 172Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and, 171Soviet representatives, assassination of, plans

for, 176–177Taboritskii and, 171Viking League, successor of, 202Vinberg and, 171White emigres and, 173

Pabst, WaldemarAufbau and, 212Ehrhardt and, 104Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 212Kapp Putsch and, 104National Union, secretary of, 93

police protection of, 111Russian National Political Committee,

establisher of, 96Pan-German League

Chamberlain, member of, 29Class, chairman of, 26Kaiser Hohenzollern II, opposition to, 28–29Ludendorff and, 30membership of, 29United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria,

umbrella organization for, 195Pan-Russian People’s Military League

Biskupskii, leader of, 126goals of, 126–127

Party of the Ukrainian People’s Unionanti-Semitism of, 53Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 53Skoropadskii, leader of, 53

Patriotic Combat AssociationsBiskupskii, advisor of, 200–201Hitler, leader of, 200–201insubordination of, 200–201Ludendorff, leader in, 200–201Scheubner-Richter, Max, advisor of,

200–201United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria,

parent organization of, 200Pelikan, Boris

background of, 115far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

116Kommissarov, animosity towards, 119,

collaboration with, 115Monarchical Bloc, member of, 56Russian Assembly, member of, 56Scheglovitov and, 115Society for Ukrainian–Bavarian Import and

Export and, 115Ukraine, independence of, pro, 115Union of the Faithful, member of, 115Vrangel, mission to, member of, 118

People’s State Partydecline of, 103Fermor, Vice President of, 103Great Don Host, protection from, 102Ludendorff and, 102, 103Michael the Archangel Russian People’s

Union, parent organization of, 102Party Program, anti-Semitic, 103Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 103Purishkevich, leader of, 102

People’s Tribune, TheBolsheviks, closure of, 45Purishkevich, editor of, 44Vinberg, contributor to, 44






316 Index

Petliura, SimonHetmanate, Ukrainian, struggle against,

60Plague in Russia!

see RosenbergPohner, Ernst

Ludendorff and, 110–111National Socialist Party and, 110Police Chief of Bavaria, 110Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 151

Polandpartition of, German–Soviet, similarity to

plans of Aufbau, 258–259Poltavets-Ostranitsa, Ivan

Aufbau, Ukrainian faction, leader of, 130background of, 52Biskupskii, resentment from, 255Black Sea League, leader of, plans for, 184career of, 2Central Powers and, 52Cossack Chancellor of the Ukraine, chosen as,

53Cossack state, envisioned, 264–265Cossacks, Ukrainian, leader of, 52duplicity of, 257–258followers, lack of, 257Foreign Policy Office, National Socialist,

funding from, cutting of 258Germany, pro, 61Hetman, Ukrainian, 255Hitler, collaboration with, 256–257,

relationship with, close, 255, support for,204, 255–256, 257

imprisonment of, 258Keitel and, 264Kursell and, 258Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

exclusion from, 145National Socialism and, 190–191National Socialist Party, expert, Ukrainian,

257, work for, 258National Socialist regime, influence in, 256Party of the Ukrainian People’s Union and, 53Rada, collaboration with, 52, opposition to,

52–53Rathenau, assassination of and, 178Rosenberg, collaboration with, Ukraine, 256,

257, 258, Cossacks, use of, 264, relationswith, close, 255, support from, 258

Schickedanz and, 258Skoropadskii, arrest orders from, 61, conflict

with, 54SS and, 265Ukrainian National Cossack Assembly, leader,

de facto, of, 53

Ukrainian National Cossack Organization,leader of, 130, leader, de facto, of, 53

Vyshivannyi, 181Project S

Aufbau, intelligence to, 153National Socialist Party, intelligence to, 153Nicolai, leader of, 153preparations for, 152Romanov, Kirill, subsidies from, 153

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 57Cohn, origins of, erroneous, 8, 57, 58dissemination of, 57, 76Eckart, influence on, 12–13, 49, spread of, 74,

treatment of, 73–74, veracity of, 74fabrication of in Imperial Russia, 58far right, German/White emigre, influence

on, 70, 116, 273–274Hausen, publication of, 11, 65, Volkisch

Observer, sending to, 68Himmler, influence on, 76Hitler, Eckart, introduction to by, 73,

influence on, 13, 49, 76, Mein Kampf and,76

Kurlov, information on for Hausen, 66National Socialist ideology, influence on, 76Nilus, Great in the Small and the Anti-Christ as

an Imminent Political Possibility, The,inclusion in, 58

People’s State Party, belief in, 103Rodionov, publication of, 57Rosenberg, influence on, 12–13, Moscow,

acquirement in, myth, 74, Protocols of theElders of Zion and Jewish World Politics,The, relevance of, 75, suspicion of, 75, Trailof the Jew through the Ages, The, no mentionof, 74–75

Sentinel, The, publication of, 57Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, transfer of to

Germany, 2, 63, 65Solevov, “Short Tale of the Anti-Christ, A,”

influence from, 58treatment of, 75–76Tsaritsa Romanov, possession of, 60Vinberg, veracity of, 66, Russia’s Via Dolorosa

and, 65–66Volkisch Observer, defense of, 69–70,

publication of, 68–69Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Jewish World

Politics, Thesee Rosenberg

Provisional GovernmentBlack Hundred movement, suppression of, 43Bolsheviks, overthrow by, 45Kerenskii, leader of, 43Romanov, Kirill, homage from, 148






Index 317

Purishkevich, Vladimiranti-Semitism of, 103background of, 35Bolsheviks, trial by, 45–46death of, 103Duma (Parliament), service in, 37Germany, pro, 102Markov II and, 39Michael the Archangel Russian People’s

Union, leader of, 38murder, Jewish ritual in Kiev, supposed, and,

39People’s State Party, leader of, 102People’s Tribune, The, editor of, 44Ringing of the Church Bells, The, editor of,

103Russian Assembly, member of, 34Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and, 45Union of the Russian People, election

platform, anti-Semitism, 37, member of, 35Vinberg and, 44

Rachkovskii, PiotrUnion of the Russian People and, 36

Rada (Ukrainian government)Army Group Eichhorn, opposition from,

51–52Central Powers, invitation of, 50Cossacks, Ukrainian, opposition from, 52overthrow of, 53Poltavets-Ostranitsa, collaboration with, 52,

opposition from, 52–53weakness of, 51

Rapallo, Treaty ofRathenau and, 176

RasputinKommissarov and, 114

Rathenau, Waltherassassination of, Bauer and, 178–179,

Biskupskii and, 178, Glasenap and, 178,Gunther and, 179, Ludendorff and,178–179, Organization C, responsibility for,176, Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 178,Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 178

Foreign Minister, German, 176Kazem Bek, denunciation from, 177Rapallo, Treaty of and, 176Scheubner-Richter, Max, hatred from, 177

Ray of Light, Aanti-Semitism of, 112Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, writer for, 112Vinberg, editor of, 112

Reconstruction (Aufbau)Scheubner-Richter, Max, editor of, 128Schickedanz, contributor to, 128

Red ArmyAufbau, alliance with, proposed, 161, 162–164Kiev, capture of, 49Moscow, defense of, 262Northern Army, defeat of, 84Southern Russian Armed Forces, defeat of, 125

Remmer, AndreasAufbau, Bolsheviks, connection with, 162background of, 96–97Bermondt-Avalov, foreign minister for, 97,

personal representative for, 96Biskupskii, collaboration with, 162,

opposition to, 97Munich Police, arrest by, 162Romanov, Kirill, and, 162Soviet Union, invasion of, French-led,

opposition to, 162–163, reorganization of,plans for, 186, subversion against, 185

Western Volunteer Army, embezzlementfrom, 97

RenewalAufbau, joining with, 133Jewish Bolshevism, 188membership of, 133Nemirovich-Danchenko, Ukrainian expert in,

188Romanov, Viktoria, honorary president of,

133statutes of, 133Volkisch Observer, advertisement in, 133

Revolution, 1905Scheubner-Richter, Max, struggle against, 42

Revolution, Bolshevik, 45Revolution, German

Baltic area, undermining of support in, 83–84Ukraine, undermining of support in, 61

Riga, capture ofBaltic Defense Force, 90Bolsheviks, 84Imperial Germans, 79–80

Ringing of the Church Bells, TheDostoevskii, use of, anti-Semitic, 103Purishkevich, editor of, 103

Ring of the Nibelungsee Wagner, Richard

Rodionov, IvanGreat Don Host, member of, 57Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, publication

of, 57Volkisch Observer, contributor to, 121Vrangel and, 121

Rohm, ErnstImperial Flag, leader in, 189Ukrainians, nationalist, instruction of,

military, 189






318 Index

Rollin, HenriApocalypse of Our Times, White emigres,

Bolshevism, learning from, 218, plot,Jewish–Masonic–Bolshevik, to NationalSocialists, 7

Romanov, KirillAufbau, subsidies to, 203, support from, 156Bavaria, move to, 157Bermondt-Avalov and, 182Biskupskii, advisor of, 253, collaboration with,

162, support from, 152, 157, minister of warof, 248, representative of, 248

Brazol, Ford, connection with, 203, supportfrom, 130–131, 160, subsidies from, 249

death of, 254figurehead, Russian, plans for, 187Ford, subsidies from, 203Germany, pro, 133Glasenap and, 157–158Golitsyn and, 159Hitler and, 137Horthy and, 159Kursell and, 249Ludendorff, support from, 152, 157, subsidies

to, 203manifestos of, 155–156Military Organization of Eastern Galicia,

support from, 189National Socialist Party, subsidies to, 14, 158,

203personality of, 133popularity of, 161Project S, subsidies to, 153Provisional Government, homage to, 148Remmer and, 162ruin, financial, 248Russian Committee for Refugee Welfare in

Bavaria and, 159–160Russian Trust Authority and, 254Sakharov, intelligence from, 158, Ludendorff,

connection with, 158, support from,157–158, 249

Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 152, 157Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,

185Tsar claimant, 133unpopularity of, 148Vinberg and, 163Volkisch Observer and, 158Volkonskii and, 159wealth of, 157

Romanov, Nikolai NikolaevichBiskupskii, denunciation from, 161Markov II and, 160Munich, move to, 155

Russian Universal Military Union (ROVS)and, 151

Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,175, invasion of, French-led, uneasinessabout, 161

Supreme Monarchical Council and, 155Tsarist candidate, 155unpopularity of, 161

Romanov, ViktoriaBavaria, move to, 157Biskupskii, affair with, 157, collaboration

with, 157, subsidies to, 248–249Eugen Hoffmann & Co. Foreign Trade

Joint-Stock Company, financer of, 154lineage of, 133National Socialist Party, subsidies to, 158personality of, 133Renewal, honorary president of, 133Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 157wealth of, 157

Romanticism, Germanvolkisch ideology and, 19

Rosenberg, Alfredalliance, German–Russian, anti-Semitic,

138–139Aufbau, member of, 129background of, 42Biskupskii, appeal from, 252, conflict with,

251–252, oversight of, 254, snubbing of, 252Bolsheviks, desire to overthrow, 1918, 81, life

under, 81–82career of, 2–3Chamberlain, influence from, 42, meeting

with, 206Christianity, pro, 240Coburg expedition and, 158conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik, 2, 223,

224, 267Cossacks and, 265Dostoevskii, influence from, 42, 138–139, 223,

praise for, 221Eckart, collaboration with, 71–72, meeting

with, 71, praise from, 72England, anti, 98Entente, anti, 125far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

116Final Solution, reference to, 269, 270, role in,

2, 17, 269–270Foreign Policy Office, National Socialist,

leader of, 252Future Path of a German Foreign Policy, The,

Soviet Union, separatism, ethnic, in, 255German Worker’s Party, member of, 72Hausen and, 72






Index 319

Hitler, influence on, 70, 73, collaborationwith, 267, meeting with, 72, mentorfor, 220, respect for, 72, thanks from,224

Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 209, 211Hitler–Stalin Pact, opposition to, 259In Plain German, director of, temporary,

71–72Jewish Bolshevism, 82, 125, 227–228, 269,

deaths because of, 230, Germany,intelligentsia of, threat to, 234, learningfrom, 238, 243, Russia, intelligentsia of,annihilation of, 231, tortures of, 231

Jews, measures against, plans for, 237Koch, dispute with, 263Kursell and, 129marginalizing of, 263Munich, residency in, 111–112muzzling of, 259Myth of the Twentieth Century, The,

distribution of, 268, Hitler, criticism from,268, myth, anti-Christian, German blood,267–268

National Prize for Art and Science, 267National Socialist Party, ideologue, leading,

for, 129, 265, 267, leader of, 214Plague in Russia! conspiracy, Jewish

capitalist–Bolshevik, 223, Dostoevskii,praise for, 221, Jewish Bolshevism,apocalyptic, 240–241, Germany,intelligentsia of, threat to, 234, Russia,intelligentsia of, annihilation of, 231

Poltavets-Ostranitsa, collaboration with,Ukraine, 256, 257, 258, Cossacks, use of,264, relationship with, close, 255, supportfor, 258

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, influencefrom, 12–13, Moscow, acquirement in,myth, 74

Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Jewish WorldPolitics, The, conspiracy, Jewishcapitalist–Bolshevik, 223–224, JewishBolshevism, apocalyptic, 241, massacre ofRussians by, 270, Protocols of the Elders ofZion, The, relevance of, 75, suspicion of, 75

Representative of the Fuhrer for the CentralTreating of Questions of the East EuropeanArea, 261

Representative of the Fuhrer for theSupervision of the Entire Intellectual andIdeological Political Instruction andEducation of the NSDAP, 267

Rubonia and, 42Sakharov and, 266Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 82, 89

Schickedanz, Rubonia and, 42, support for,266

Schopenhauer, influence from, 42Schwartz-Bostunich and, 266Soviet Union, administration of conquered

territories, plans for, 260–261, desire toattack, 260

SS, influence on, 267State Minister for the Occupied Eastern

Territories, Eastern peoples, administrationof, 263, leniency towards, desired, 263,naming to post, 262

teacher, German, 82Thule Society, guest of, 70Trail of the Jew through the Ages, The, alliance,

German–Russian, anti-Semitic, 138,anti-Semitism, apocalyptic, 240,Christianity, Germanic, pro, 240,Dostoevskii, use of, anti-Semitic, 221,Jewish Bolshevism, 228, Protocols of theElders of Zion, The, no mention of,74–75

Ukrainian Cossack, The, and, 191Ukrainians, emigres, Soviet Union, use

against, 257Vlassov and, 262, 263–264Volkisch Observer, editor of, 267Volta Congress, Rome, and, 267White emigres and National Socialists,

mediator between, 9White forces, support for, 89

Rossbach, Gerhardhiding of, 212Hitler, collaboration with, 175–176, meeting

with, 175Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 210Ludendorff and, 99National Socialist Party, joining of, 175Organization C and, 175Rossbach Corps, commander of, 175Soviet Union, intervention against, plans for,

175Storm Section (SA) Hundred named after, 202Storm Section Rossbach, commander of, 99

Rossbach CorpsHeines, leader in, 176Rossbach, commander of, 175

Rubonia Fraternityhome of four (Russian) Baltic German

Aufbau members and National Socialists,Kursell, Rosenberg, Scheubner-Richter,Max, and Schickedanz, 41

Ruhr Basinoccupation of, 195, effects of occupation, 193,

195






320 Index

Russia and Germanysee Laqueur

Russia, ImperialGreat Britain, rivalry with, 40

Russian Assemblyexclusivity of, 35foundation of, 34goals of, 34Golitsyn, leader of, 34members of, 34Pelikan, member of, 56Purishkevich, leader in, 34statutes of, 34–35Tsar Romanov II and, 35Volkonskii, leader in, 34

Russian Banner, TheDubrovin, editor of, 38readership of, 38Union of the Russian People, newspaper

of, 38Russian Colony in Munich 1900–1945, The,

see BaurRussian Committee for Refugee Welfare in

BavariaBiskupskii and, 151Evaldt, leader of, 150–151immigration and expulsion of emigres,

responsibility for, 151, 159–160Romanov, Kirill, and, 159–160Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 151

Russian Liberation ArmyGoebbels and, 264Himmler and, 264Vlassov, commander of, 264weakness of, 264

Russian National Liberation Movement(ROND)

Bermondt-Avalov, leader of, 250, organizer of,249–250

Foreign Office, German, opposition from, 250Hitler, dissolution of, 250popularity of, 250Sakharov, leader in, 250Storm Section (SA), similarity to, 250

Russian National Political CommitteeBermondt-Avalov, body’s authority,

weakening of, 96, 97Biskupskii, president of, 96Pabst, establisher of, 96

Russian Trust AuthorityBiskupskii, leader of, 253goals of, 253Romanov, Kirill, and, 254Sakharov, leadership of, candidate for, 253Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and, 253–254

Taboritskii, deputy director of, 253,predominance in, 253

Russian Universal Military Union (ROVS)Aufbau, conflict with, 152Lampe, representative of, 151Romanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, and, 151Vrangel, leader of, 151

Russia’s Via Dolorosasee Vinberg

Sakharov, KonstantinAufbau, member of, 131background of, 131Foreign Policy Office, National Socialist, and,

266–267Hitler and, 249Jewish Bolshevism, 266–267Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall

and, 146Romanov, Kirill, intelligence for, 158,

Ludendorff, connection with, 158, supportfor, 157–158, 249

Rosenberg and, 266Russian National Liberation Movement

(ROND), leader in, 250Russian Trust Authority, leadership of,

candidate for, 253Scheglovitov, Konstantin

background of, 115Kommissarov and, 115Monarchical Bloc, member of, 56Pelikan and, 115putsch preparations in Munich, 204Society for Ukrainian–Bavarian Import and

Export and, 115Ukraine, independence of, pro, 115Union of the Russian People, member

of, 56Scheidemann, Phillip

assassination attempt on, Bauer and, 179,Gunther and, 179

Schellendorf, Bronsart vonWhite officers, release of from Petlivra’s

forces, 62Scheubner-Richter, Mathilde von

Himmler and, 247Hitler, praise from, 247, relationship with,

close, 197National Socialist Archives, creator of, 247Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 41

Scheubner-Richter, Max vonAction Group of National Associations,

secretary of, 202alliance, German–Russian, anti-Semitic, 140Amann and, 129, 145






Index 321

Army High Command East VIII Press Office,deputy leader of, 80, leader of, 84

Aufbau, First Secretary of, 125, leader, de facto,of, 125, organizer of, 122–123, work,organizational, for, 128

Aufbau Correspondence, editor of, 128–129background of, 80Baltic area, advance in, Imperial German,

and, 80–81Baltic German, feeling as, 42Bavaria, action, call to, 193Bavarian government, criticism of, 201Biskupskii and, 126Bolsheviks, desire to overthrow, 1918, 81,

frustration at failure to overthrow, 1918, 81,incarceration and threatened execution by,84, negotiations with, 84

Bolshevism, learning from, 193, 197, 198–200,215

Brazol and, 131career of, 2Central Committee for the East Prussian

Home Service, leader of, 85Combat League, approval for, 205–206, goals

and spirit of, perceived, 208,plenipotentiary of, 205

conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik, 225Constitutional Democrats, attack on, 170convictions, courage of, 212–213Cramer-Klett and, 126death of, 211, blow to National

Socialist–White emigre collaboration, 212East German Home Service, leader of, 90–91,

removal from, 106Eckart, friendship with, 132, meeting with, 89Ehrhardt, conflict with, 208embassy, Riga, acting head of, 84far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

116Fascism and, 194–195Foreign Office, German, relations with, poor,

127Gombos, remembrance from, 247, talks with,

151Hitler, admiration for, 124, collaboration

with, 124, counselor and foreign policyadvisor for, 7, 183, eulogizing from, 247,influence on, 196, Ludendorff,coordination with, 194, meeting with, 124,praise for, 206, praise from, 213–214,putsch, talks of, 209, representative for,209

Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 209–210,211

Horthy and, 119, 196

Jewish Bolshevism, 227, apocalyptic, 240,deaths because of, 230, Germany, threat to,233–234, Russia, intelligentsia of,annihilation of, 230–231

Jews, measures against, none, 237Kahr, opposition to, 207Kapp Putsch and, 106, assessment of,

106–107Kerenskii, hatred of, 168Kursell, collaboration with, 82, 129, eulogy

from, 213, Rubonia and, 41–42Lampe, break with, 152, talks with, failed,

151–152Ludendorff, advisor for, 194, Hitler,

coordination with, 194, patronage from,80, 128

Miliukov, assassination attempt on and, 170,denunciation of, 170

Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,assessment of, 148, 149, financer of, 145,organizer of, 145, originator of idea for,144–145, speech, alliance, German–Russian,146–147

Munich, move to, 111Mussolini and, 195National Socialist Party, financer of, 204,

joining of, 124National Union and, 94Nemirovich-Danchenko, collaboration with,

118, 188, eulogy from, 213Nicolai, collaboration with, 153, suspicion

from, 196–197Organization C and, 172Patriotic Combat Associations, advisor of,

200–201Pohner and, 151popularity of, 80putsch, plans for in Bavaria, 193–194, 215,

results of, catastrophic, 194Rathenau, assassination of and, 178, hatred of,

177Reconstruction (Aufbau), editor of, 128Revolution, 1905, struggle against, 42Romanov, Kirill, and, 152, 157, manifestos of,

assessment of, 156Romanov, Viktoria, and, 157Rosenberg and, 82, 89Rubonia and, 42Russian Committee for Refugee Welfare in

Bavaria and, 151Scheubner-Richter, Mathilde, and, 41Schickedanz, collaboration with, 128, eulogy

from, 213, report from, Riga underBolshevism, 90–91

Schwartz-Bostunich and, 117






322 Index

Scheubner-Richter, Max von (cont.)Soviet Union, collapse of, expected, 154–155,

intervention against, plans for, 185, 186,invasion of, French-led, plans for,opposition to, 161–162, 163, subversionagainst, 187

surname, history of, 41Trotskii, admiration for, 198, 215, learning

from, 198–199Ukrainian Cossack, The, and, 191United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria and,

194, leader in, 195Vrangel, mission to, leader of, 118, talks with,

120–121, results of talks, 121, 122Vyshivannyi and, 181wealth of, 125–126, 203–204Weimar Constitution, Bolshevik influence

on, anti-Semitic, 197Weimar German government, anti-Semitism

towards, 98Weimar Republic, Bolshevik influence on, 198Werber and, 172White emigres and National Socialists,

mediator between, 9Winnig and, 84Wittelsbach, Kaiser, future, plans for, 126

Schickedanz, Arnoanti-Semitism of, 266Aufbau, deputy director of, 128, work,

organizational, for, 128Aufbau Correspondence, contributor to,

128–129background of, 42Baltic Defense Force, member of, 83Biskupskii, personal secretary for, 128, support

for, 252Bolsheviks, life under, 83Foreign Policy Office, National Socialist, chief

of staff of, 252Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 211, 214Ludendorff, agreement with, monetary,

Romanovs, 203Munich, residency in, 111–112National Socialist Party, member of, 128Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 258Reconstruction (Aufbau), contributor to, 128Rosenberg, Rubonia and, 42, support from,

266Rubonia and, 42Scheubner-Richter, Max, collaboration with,

128, eulogy for, 213, report to, Riga underBolshevism, 90–91

State Commissioner of the Caucasus, plansfor, 263, Eastern peoples, leniency towards,desired, 263

Volkisch Observer, Berlin representative of, 266White emigres and National Socialists,

mediator between, 9Schopenhauer, Arthur

Parerga, Jews, materialism of, 20–21World as Will and Idea, The, denial of the will

to live, salvation, 20, Jews, materialism of,20

Schwartz-Bostunich, Gregorcareer of, 117Hitler and, 266National Socialist Party and, 266Rosenberg and, 266Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 117SS, service in, 266State Security Main Office (RSHA) and, 266Streicher and, 266Volkisch Observer, contributor to, 266Vrangel and, 117

Sentinel, TheGreat Don Host, newspaper of, 57Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, publication

in, 57Shabelskii-Bork, Elsa

Dubrovin, support for, 40Freedom and Order, co-publisher of, 40

Shabelskii-Bork, Piotralliance, German–Russian, 45Aufbau, member of, 130background of, 44Bolsheviks, trial by, 45–46Call, The, writer for, 64Cheka, brush with, 61–62Entente, anti, 45Kapp Putsch and, 106Kornilov Putsch and, 44Michael the Archangel Russian People’s

Union, member of, 44Miliukov, assassination of, attempted, 168Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

Propaganda Committee, secretary of, 148Munich, move to, 111Nabokov, assassination of, 168, imprisonment

for, 168Organization C and, 171Petliura’s forces, execution by, plans for, 62,

incarceration by, 62poverty of, 112Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, transfer of

to Germany, 2, 63, 65Purishkevich and, 45Ray of Light, A, writer for, 112Russian Trust Authority and, 253–254Taboritskii and, 44, 63terrorism, plotting for, 168–169






Index 323

Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr (cont.)Tsarist family, assistance to, intended, 59,

murder of, investigation of, 59–60, reporton murder of, Jews responsible, 60

Ukrainian Volunteer Army, service in,intended, 62

Union of the Russian People, memberof, 44

Vinberg and, 46, 62–63“Short Tale of the Anti-Christ, A”

see SolevovSkoropadskii, Pavel

anti-Bolshevism of, 50–51background of, 50Entente, pro, 54, 61Imperial German advance and, 50–51Germany, transport to, 62Hetman of the Ukraine, 53Kaiser Hohenzollern II and, 59Ludendorff and, 59Party of the Ukrainian People’s Union, leader

of, 53Poltavets-Ostranitsa, arrest orders for, 61,

conflict with, 54Ukrainian National Cossack Assembly, leader,

de jure, of, 53Society for Ukrainian–Bavarian Import and

Exportgoals and means of, 115–116Kommissarov and, 115Pelikan and, 115Scheglovitov and, 115Wagner (officer) and, 115

Solevov, Vladimir“Short Tale of the Anti-Christ, A,”

Anti-Christ, help from Freemasons andJews, 33, Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The,influence on, 58

Sonderweg (special path) thesisrefutation of, 272weakness of bourgeois Germans led to Third

Reich, 4–5Southern Army

Army Group Eichhorn and, 56Bermondt-Avalov, leader in, 57formation of, 56Great Don Host and, 57Keller, commander of, 56Monarchical Bloc, assistance from, 56strength of, 56

Southern Russian Armed ForcesEntente, anti, 120Germany, pro, 120Red Army, defeat by, 125Vrangel, commander of, 114–115

Soviet Unionsee key players and organizations for schemes

againstSS

Commissar Decree and, 269Himmler, head of, 76Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 265Rosenberg, influence from, 267Schwartz-Bostunich, service in, 266

State Security Main Office (RSHA)Schwartz-Bostunich and, 266White emigres, curtailing of activities,

259–260Storm Section (SA)

Coburg expedition and, 158Combat League, umbrella organization for,

205Goring, leader of, 173Klintzsch, leader of, 173numbers of, 200Rossbach, Hundred named after,

202Russian National Liberation Movement

(ROND), similarity to, 250United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria,

umbrella organization for, 200Storm Section Rossbach

Iron Division, merging into, 99National Socialist Party, adoption of uniforms

by, 202Rossbach, commander of, 99Western Volunteer Army, march to, 99

Streicher, JuliusSchwartz-Bostunich and, 266

succession, Tsaristcontroversy over, 148

Supreme Monarchical CouncilAufbau, conflict with, 149–150, 159, 160–161,

163Biskupskii, conflict with, 150congress, Paris, leadership of, 160France, pro, 155Golitsyn, representative of, 159Markov II, leader of, 147Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

creation of at, 147Munich, move to, plans for, 155Munich Police, opposition from, 160Romanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, and,

155Soviet Union, invasion of, French-led, plans

for, 161Talberg, secretary and intelligence leader of,

147Wiesbaden, move to, 164






324 Index

Taboritskii, SergeiAufbau, member of, 130Baltic area, organization of troops for, 61Call, The, technical editor of, 64Germany, pro, 61Hitler and, 253Kapp Putsch and, 106Kornilov Putsch and, 44Latvian Intervention and, 86–87Miliukov, assassination of, attempted, 168Nabokov, assassination of, 168, imprisonment

for, 168National Socialist Party and, 253Organization C and, 171Petliura’s forces, execution by, plans for, 62,

incarceration by, 62poverty of, 112Russian Trust Authority, deputy director of,

253, predominance in, 253Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and, 44, 63terrorism, plotting for, 168–169Ukrainian Volunteer Army, service in, 61Vinberg and, 61

Talberg, NikolaiBiskupskii, denunciation of, 161Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

Organizational Committee, member of, 145Police Department, Kiev, head of, 144Supreme Monarchical Council, secretary and

intelligence leader of, 147Union of the Faithful, leader in, 144

Thule Society, 67Eckart, guest of, 70Freikorps Uplands, creation of, 174German Order, parent organization of, 67German Worker’s Party, subsidiary of, 72In Plain German and, 71Rosenberg, guest of, 70Volkisch Observer, newspaper of, 67–68

Thyssen, AugustNational Socialist Party, subsidies to, 204

Tirpitz, Alfred vonGerman Fatherland Party, leader of Germany,

plans for, 29Kapp, advisor of, plans for, 29

Tivoli Programsuccess, moderate, for German far right, 26

Trail of the Jew through the Ages, Thesee Rosenberg

Trebitsch-Lincoln, Ignatzbackground of, 105Bauer and, 105French intelligence and, 105–106Hitler, scorn from, 105Kapp Putsch and, 105

Trotskii, LevBrest-Litovsk, negotiator in, 49Scheubner-Richter, Max, admiration from,

198, 215, lessons to, 198–199Soviet Commissar for War, 198

Tsaritsa Aleksandra RomanovGreat in the Small and the Anti-Christ as an

Imminent Political Possibility, The,possession of, including Protocols of theElders of Zion, The, 60

Miliukov, denunciation from, 169Vinberg and, 169

Tsar Nikolai Romanov IIFreedom and Order, reader of, 40Russian Assembly and, 35Union of the Russian People and, 36Vinberg and, 46

Ukrainian Cossack, TheNational Socialism and, 190–191Rosenberg and, 191Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 191Ukrainian National Cossack Organization,

newspaper of, 190Volkisch Observer and, 191

Ukrainian Intervention, 50–57, 58–59, 60–63,273

collaboration, German–White, 12, 47, 48,77

ideology, White emigre, transfer from, 12, 77Latvian Intervention and, 77, 78White officers to Germany in wake of, 48

Ukrainian National Cossack AssemblyPoltavets-Ostranitsa, leader, de facto, of, 53Skoropadskii, leader, de jure, of, 53

Ukrainian National Cossack OrganizationArmy Group Eichhorn and, 53goals of, 53, 54Hitler and, 190Japanese and, 257National Socialist Party and, 255, similarities

with, 190Poltavets-Ostranitsa, leader of, 130, leader, de

facto, of, 53Skoropadskii’s regime and, 53–54Ukrainian Cossack, The, newspaper of, 190Volkisch Observer and, 255

Ukrainians, nationalistGerman troops, welcome of in World War II,

262Hitler, speeches of, 190instruction of, German military, 189–190,

Bavaria and Empire League and, 190,Rohm and, 189

police units, Final Solution and, 270






Index 325

Ukrainian Volunteer ArmyBermondt-Avalov, service in, 60Biskupskii, commander in, 55, 60foundation of, 54Germany, aid from, 61, pro, 55Keller, commander of, 60Petliura’s forces, defeat by, 62, struggle

against, 60Shabelskii-Bork, service in, intended, 62Taboritskii, service in, 61Vinberg, service in, 60weakness of, 60–61

UlainAwakening Hungary, leader of, 205Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 210

Ulmanis, Karlisland promise, non-fulfillment of, 95Minister President, Latvian, 84Winnig, agreement with, 84

Union of the Faithfulagents of, 144Aufbau and, 144Biskupskii and, 144Evaldt, leader in, 144goals and means of, 55, 144Kommissarov, member of, 115Krasnov, leader in, 147Markov II, leader of, Russia, 55, leader of,

Germany, 144Miliukov, assassination attempt on and, 169Monarchical Bloc, formation of, 55Pelikan, member of, 115Talberg, member of, 144

Union of the Russian Peopleanti-Semitism of, 37, 38Biskupskii, member of, 55Black Hundreds, creation of, 36Dubrovin, leader of, 35foundation of, 35growth of, 38ideology of, 35, 36–37Kommissarov and, 36Markov II, leader in, 39murder, Jewish ritual in Kiev, supposed, and,

39Purishkevich, member of, 35Rachkovskii and, 36Russian Banner, The, newspaper of, 38Scheglovitov, member of, 56Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, member of, 44split of, 39–40Statutes of, 35Tsar Romanov II and, 36

United Patriotic Associations of Bavariaappearance of, 195

Bavaria and Empire League, member of, 190exercises, military, 200formation of, 194Hitler, leader of, 194Imperial Flag, member of, 200Ludendorff and, 194, leader in, 195National Socialist Party, member of, 195Nicolai and, 194Pan-German League, member of, 195Patriotic Combat Associations, contingent of,

200Ruhr Basin, occupation of and, 195Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 194, leader in,

195Storm Section (SA), member of, 200Uplands League, member of, 200

Uplands LeagueAction Group of National Associations,

umbrella organization for, 202Combat League, umbrella organization for,

205Freikorps Uplands, parent formation of, 200Hitler/Ludendorff Putsch and, 210numbers of, 200United Patriotic Associations of Bavaria,

umbrella organization for, 200

Viking LeagueAction Group of National Associations,

umbrella organization for, 202Combat League, conflict with, 207–208Organization C, parent organization of, 202

Vinberg, Fedoralliance, German–Russian, anti-Semitic,

140–141Aufbau, ideologue of, 130background of, 42–43Berlin, role in right-wing circles of, 64Bolsheviks, trial by, 45–46Call, The, editor of, 64Hausen and, 64Hitler, discussions with, 2, 130, 230, Jewish

Bolshevism, citation by, 230Jewish Bolshevism, 45Kapp Putsch and, 106Kornilov Putsch and, 43Lampe, opposition from, 124Michael the Archangel Russian People’s

Union, member of, 43Miliukov, assassination attempt on and, 169,

212, hatred of, 169Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall,

Propaganda Committee, assistant to, 148Munich, move to, 111Officer’s Duty, founder of, 43






326 Index

Vinberg, Fedor (cont.)Organization C and, 171Paris, move to, 212People’s Tribune, The, contributor to, 44Petliura’s forces, execution by, plans for, 62,

incarceration by, 62poverty of, 112Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, veracity of,

66Purishkevich and, 43, 44Ray of Light, A, editor of, 112religiosity of, 238–239Romanov, Kirill, and, 163Russia, Imperial, dissolution of and, 44–45Russia’s Via Dolorosa, alliance,

German–Russian, anti-Semitic, 140–141,anti-Semitism, apocalyptic, 239, conspiracy,Jewish–capitalist Bolshevik, 225,Dostoevskii, use of, anti-Semitic, 220–221,Jewish Bolshevism, 227, apocalyptic,239–240, Germany, threat to, 233, Jews,threats against, 237, Protocols of the Elders ofZion, The, 66, 239

Shabelskii-Bork, Piotr, and, 46, 62–63Taboritskii and, 61terrorism, plotting for, 168–169Tsaritsa Romanov and, 169Tsar Romanov II and, 46Ukrainian Volunteer Army, service in, 60Volkisch Observer and, 239

Vlassov, A. A.Rosenberg and, 262, 263–264Russian Liberation Army, commander of, 264

volkisch GermansCommunists, German, similarities with, 164failures of, 18, 19, 46, 47Jews, blamed for defeats, 12see also far right, Imperial German

volkisch ideology1,5, 19–20, 25, 30–31, 46, 272Eckart, world-affirmation, Jewish, negation

of, 71Hitler, use of, 236Romanticism, German, and, 19

Volkisch Observer (Volkischer Beobachter)Call, The, and, 65circulation of, 68Dostoevskii, use of, anti-Semitic, 222Eckart, editor of, 228–229Jewish Bolshevism, 217Miliukov, assassination attempt on and,

170–171Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, defense of,

69–70, publication of, 68–69Renewal, advertisement for, 133Romanov, Kirill, and, 158

Rosenberg, editor of, 267Schwartz-Bostunich, contributor to, 266Thule Society, newspaper of, 67–68Tsarist family, murder of, Jews responsible, 60Ukraine, independent, support for, 188Ukrainian Cossack, The, and, 191Ukrainian National Cossack Organization,

propaganda for, 255Vinberg and, 239Zunder Document and, 65

Volkonskii, MikhailAufbau and, 196Glasenap and, 196Provisional Senate, leader of, 196Romanov, Kirill, and, 159Russian Assembly, member of, 34Russian Delegation in Hungary, leader of, 159

Vrangel, Piotranti-Semitism, curbing of, 117Bischoff and, 122Biskupskii, representative of, bogus, 121–122Crimean Peninsula, headquarters on, 120Germany, pro, initially, 116–117Goltz and, 122Kommissarov, representative of, bogus, 115,

ban towards, 119mission to, 109, 116, 118–122, 134, 274–275,

arrest of, 122, Germany, return to, 122,Kommissarov, member of, 118, Pelikan,member of, 118, Scheubner-Richter, Max,leader of, 118, Wagner (officer), member of,118

Nemirovich-Danchenko, anti-Semitism,disagreement about, 118, press chief of, 118

Rodionov and, 121Russian Universal Military Union (ROVS),

leader of, 151Scheubner-Richter, Max, talks with, 120–121,

results of talks, 121, 122Schwartz-Bostunich and, 117Southern Russian Armed Forces,

commandeer of, 115Soviet Union, invasion of, plans for, 155, 175

Vyshivannyi, Vasilyarmy of, formation of, 181–182, weakness of,

182–183Aufbau, agreement, economic, with, 181,

support from, 180–181background of, 181Biskupskii and, 181Cramer-Klett and, 181Habsburgs, restoration of, plans for, 181Keppen and, 181Ludendorff and, 181Poltavets-Ostranitsa and, 181Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 181






Index 327

Wagner (officer)far right, German/White emigre, talks and,

116Society for Ukrainian–Bavarian Import and

Export and, 115Vrangel, mission to, participation in, 118, 120

Wagner, RichardAhasuerus (Wandering Jew) and, 22De Gobineau, influence from, 23Jews, ejection of, 23–24, materialism of, 23“Judaism in Music,” Jews, ejection of, 23–24,

must cease being Jews, 21–22Ring of the Nibelung, materialism, Jewish,

22–23, redemption, Germanic, 22Schopenhauer, influence from, 21, 23true religion, 23

War Leadership and Politicssee Ludendorff

Warrant for Genocidesee Cohn

Weimar German governmentFreikorps, dissolution of, 102Kapp Putsch, flight in, 104Scheubner-Richter, attack from, 98Western Volunteer Army, actions against, 98,

rescue of, 100Weimar Republic

explanation of term, 93Scheubner-Richter, attack from, 198

Werber, PaulNational Socialist Party and, 172–173Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 172

Western Volunteer Armyanti-Semitism of, 100Bermondt-Avalov, commander of, 94,

demotion in, 100, 101defeat of, 99Eberhard, commander of, 100fleet, English, fire from, 98goals of, 94Goltz and, 94growth of, 95Noske and, 94–95Remmer, embezzlement by, 97remnants of, Bermondt-Avalov, leader,

de facto, of, 101, Biskupskii, leader, official,of, 101, Kapp Putsch and, 106

retreat of, 100Riga, assault on, failure of, 98Storm Section Rossbach, support from, 99strength and composition of, 95Weimar German government, actions against

by, 98, rescue by, 100

White formations of, disarmament andinternment of, 101

White emigresAufbau, call to arms from, 196, failure to

unite under, 136–137, 143, 165, 275–276,volkisch Germans, collaboration within, 14

Berlin, community in, largest initially, 63Bolshevism, admiration of, grudging, 6conspiracy, Jewish capitalist–Bolshevik, 8–9,

70definition of term and history behind it, 3–4failures of, 3Germany, destabilization of from, 177, 217,

numbers of in, 63, transportation to, 62Hitler–Stalin Pact and, 258, 259Jews, blamed for defeats, 12Markov II, leadership pretensions of, 143,

144Munich, community in, composition of, 112,

numbers of, 112, shrinking of, 212National Socialism, contributions to, 17,

279–280National Socialists, collaboration with, 9,

differences with, 9numbers of worldwide, 63Organization C and, 173putsch preparations in Bavaria and, 204Romanov, Kirill, leader of, plans for, 14Schellendorf, release of many from Petliura’s

forces, 62State Security Main Office (RSHA),

curtailment of activities by, 259–260volkisch Germans, including National

Socialists, collaboration with, 3White forces

Rosenberg and, 89Winnig, August

National Union and, 93–94Scheubner-Richter, Max, and, 84Ulmanis, agreement with, 84

Wittelsbach, Ruprecht vonCramer-Klett and, 126Scheubner-Richter, Max, desire for Kaiser,

future, 126World as Will and Idea, The

see Schopenhauer

Zunder DocumentCall, The, and, 65Eckart and, 232Hausen and, 65Volkisch Observer and, 65






Documents

Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805218/45120/index/... · Index 301 National Socialist Archives, housing in, 129 Scheubner-Richter, Max, editor of, 128–129 Schickedanz,