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IMYITWARIRE N’INDANGAGACIRO BY’INGABO

Z’U RWANDA

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ISHAKIRO

Ijambo ry’ibanze...........................................v

Iriburiro .......................................................1

Intego...........................................................3

Ingingo .......................................................4

Imyitwarire ni iki?........................................4

Imyitwarire y’Umusirikare w’u Rwanda...........6

Indangagaciro ....................................................7

Indangagaciro z’Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda.............7

Kirazira mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda...................18

Umwanzuro...............................................20

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IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

1. Ubusugire bw’igihugu ni iterambere, ni umusaruro w’imbaraga n’ubwitange bikomoka k’umuco wo gukunda Igihugu. Ibigwi by’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, guhagarika Jenoside (Genocide) yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka w’i 1994 n’ibindi bikorwa by’indashyikirwa ntibyari kugerwaho iyo hatimakazwa indangagaciro zikomoka ku Muco Nyarwanda.

2. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza gusigasira uwo murage w’ubutwari no gukunda igihugu tugomba gukomeza kwigisha no guhugura abasirikare tubatoza izo ndangagaciro.

3. Aka gatabo gakubiyemo indangagaciro na kirazira bya RDF, kateguwe kugirango kazafashe abasirikare kuzuza inshingano

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zabo no kurangwa n’ikinyabupfura aho bari hose haba mu gihugu cyangwa mu butumwa mu mahanga.

4. Turasaba abasirikare mu nzego zose gusoma aka gatabo kandi bakazirikana ibikubiyemo kugirango bizabafashe kurushaho kurangwa n’imyitwarire ibereye RDF no kubaka ubunyamwuga (Professionalism).

5. Murakoze.

Patrick NYAMVUMBA

General

UMUGABA MUKURU W’INGABO

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IRIBURIRO

1. Nkuko no mu zindi ngabo hirya no hino ku isi bigenda, Ingabo z’ u Rwanda zigendera ku ndangagaciro na kirazira. Imihigo RDF igenda yesa mu byo ishinzwe bishingira ahanini kuri izo ndangagaciro na kirazira bigaragarira mu myitwarire y’abasirikare.

2. Ubunyangamugayo, ikinyabupfura n’izindi ndangagaciro nibyo byashoboje RPA gutsinda urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwatangijwe mu 1990 ndetse no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ingabo za RPA zakuyeho ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwateguye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma y’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, inyigisho mu ngabo z’igihugu zo gukomeza kwimakaza indangagaciro zarakomeje bifasha RDF kuzuza inshingano zayo nkuko ziteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda.

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3. Icyerekezo cyatanzwe n’Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda ni uko” RDF ariyo musingi w’iterambere ry’igihugu”. Mwishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo we akagira intumbero y’uko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zigomba guhora ziri maso ziteguye kurengera igihugu n’abagituye. Zigomba kandi guhora zongera ubumenyi zinakangurirwa ibijyanye n’indangagaciro ngo zisohoze kinyamwuga inshingano zihabwa nkuko biri mu Itegeko Nshinga.

4. Hari ibyo RDF imaze kugeraho mu kuzuza inshingano ihabwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Ibyo byagezweho biturutse k’ubuyobozi bwiza bureba kure. Ubwo buyobozi bwashyize imbere kwigisha abasirikare bagasobanukirwa indangagaciro n’umuco uranga Ingabo z’u Rwanda. Ibi ni byo

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bihesha igihugu kugira Ingabo zikibereye, zirangwa n’umuco muzima.

5. Ni muri uru rwego Ubuyobozi bwa RDF bwanditse aka gatabo gakubiyemo Umuco n’indangagaciro biranga Ingabo z’u Rwanda hashingiwe ku murage dukomora ku muco w’igihugu. Izi ndangagaciro zishyirwa mu nyigisho ngombwa umusirikare ahabwa kugira ngo atozwe buri gihe umuco ukwiriye Ingabo z’u Rwanda.

INTEGO

6. Intego y’aka gatabo ni ukugirango buri wese ugasomye agire imyumvire y’ibanze ku bijyanye n’indangagaciro shingiro ziranga Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF).

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INGINGO

7. Ingingo zikubiye muri aka gatabo ni izi zikurikira:

a. Imyitwarire ni iki?b. Imyitwarire y’umusirikaric. Indangagaciro shingirod. Indangagaciro shingiro z’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF)e. Kirazira muri RDFf. Umwanzuro

IMYITWARIRE NI IKI? 8. Ijambo “Ethic“ rikomoka ku ijambo ry’ikigiriki ”ethos” aribyo bivuga imyemerere n’imyitwarire y’umuntu, y’idini, itsinda runaka ry’abantu. Urwo ruvangitirane rw’amatwara y’umuntu, ibyo yemera n`ibyo atemera mu buzima bwe no mu mibanire

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ye n’abandi nibyo bibyara impinduka mu myitwarire ye n’abandi cyangwa se ku bintu. Indangagaciro na morali by’umuntu by’umwihariko byitwa “ethics”.

9. Abantu benshi batekereza ko igisirikari ari urwego rushinzwe kwica bikaba bitaborohera guhuza iyo myumvire itariyo kuko mu muco nyawo w’igisirikari cy’umwuga imyitwarire ishyira imbere ubwicanyi ntiyemewe.

10. Imyitwarire y’igisirikari igaragaza uko sosiyete iteye kubera ko Ingabo ziva mu muryango w’abenegihugu. Itandukaniro hagati y’abasirikari n’abandi baturage rishingiye ku nshingano zo kurinda no kurengera Igihugu cyabo. Nk’uko Ingabo zishinzwe kurinda ubusugire bw’Igihugu biba ngombwa ko zigira imyitwarire yihariye kugira ngo inshingano zigerweho nk’uko bikwiye.

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IMYITWARIRE Y’UMUSIRIKARI W’U RWANDA

11. Imyitwarire y’umusirikari wa RDF ituruka ku mateka n’umurage by’abatubanjirije. Ni inshingano zacu kuba abagabo n’abagore barangwa n’imico myiza. Imyitwarire y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) ijyanye n’umwuga n’inkingi ikomeye y’icyizere abanyarwanda babonamo Igisirikari cya RDF. Niyo mpamvu ubuyobozi bwa RDF budahwema guharanira ko umusirikari wacyo wese agira imyitwarire y’intangarugero no kuba indashyikirwa.

12. Uko kuba indashyikirwa bigaragarira mu myitwarire y’ubuzima bwa buri munsi; bikagaragarira kandi mu mitekerereze no mu mibanire hagati yabo ndetse n’abandi baturage haba mu gufata ibyemezo mu nzego z’ubuyobozi no kuzuza inshingano mu gihugu ndetse no mu karere.

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INDANGAGACIRO

13. Indangagaciro zirenze imyitwarire isanzwe. Zitwibutsa ibigomba gukorwa kugira ngo tugere ku ntego. Zidukangurira buri gihe gukora igikwiye. Indangagaciro n’intwaro ikomeye hagati yacu nk’abasangira ngendo, bikadufasha gushyira hamwe ingufu bikadusanisha n’intwari zacu hamwe n’Umuryango Nyarwanda.

INDANGAGACIRO Z’IGISIRIKARI CY’ U RWANDA

14. Gukunda Igihugu no kwiyubaha bigaragara mu ndagagaciro za RDF bitanga umurongo ngenderwaho w’Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda (RDF). Imyitwarire ya RDF inshingiye ku bintu bitatu by’ingenzi aribyo: Kwiyubaha, gukunda Igihugu no kuba indashyikirwa. Ibi

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nibyo bifite umwanya munini n’umuyoboro w’ibanze mu bigize indagagaciro za RDF.

15. Tugomba kuziga, tukazumva, tukayoborwa nazo, tukanabikangurira n’abandi. Uwariwe wese mu rwego yaba ariho rwose muri RDF, aka gatabo ni umuyoboro w’ibanze ukugeza ku ndagagaciro za RDF. Izi ndagagaciro zigomba kugaragara mu bagize RDF bose kuva mu nzego nkuru z’aba ofisiye kugeza ku basirikari bato, inkeragutabara n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bagomba kuzisoma, bakazumva, bakabana nazo kandi bakabyemera kuko biri mu bigize “Kwihesha Agaciro”.

KWIYUBAHA

16. Kwiyubaha ni kimwe mu bigize kwihesha agaciro kwa RDF; bitangirira mu kuba umunyakuri n’umwizerwa mu byo ukora

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byose. Kwita ku kubaha, kwiyubaha ubwawe, n’ubunyangamugayo bigaragara neza kandi bikaguhesha ishema n’icyubahiro haba mu gisirikari ubarirwamo, muri bagenzi bawe, mu gihugu cyawe ndetse no mu mahanga.

17. Kuba umunyakuri no kwihesha agaciro ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukurikiza Indangagaciro za RDF. Igihe hagaragaye ikintu kitagushimishije cyangwa gishobora kubangamira ukwihesha agaciro kwawe ugomba gushishoza, izo mbogamizi ukazishakira umuti byaba ngombwa ukabimenyesha inzego zigukuriye.

18. Imbogamizi zishobora kubangamira imitekerereze y’umusirikare wa RDF harimo nko gukurikirana inyungu z’umuntu ku giti cye, koshywa na mugenzi we, kuba ku nkeke biturutse ku muyobora mu gisirikari cyangwa se kuba ku nkeke atewe n’ abandi baturage.

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Mu by’ingenzi buri munyamuryango wa RDF agomba kwitaho harimo ibi bikurikira:

a. Kuba inyangamugayob. Kwiyubaha c. Kwihesha agacirod. Kugirirwa icyizere biturutse ku mico myiza no gukurikiza amahame ngenderwaho ya RDF e. Kwamamaraf. Kuba indashyikirwa

GUKUNDA IGIHUGU

19. “Kugira Igihugu no kukirata, kugikorera no kugipfira mu gihe bibaye ngombwa ni inshingano ya buri mwenegihugu wese”. Gukunda Igihugu bifite icyo bivuze. Nk’uko bigaragara mu kirangantego cya Repuburika y’u Rwanda no mu Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 6; gukunda

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Igihugu ni ukwitanga, gukunda no kubaha inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu. Ni icyubahiro n’umuhate buri muturage agomba kugirira igihugu n’abagituye aharanira ko cyatera imbere muri byose.

20. Umuntu ukunda Igihugu ni uwiteguye kugiteza imbere no kugikorera. Umuntu wese ukunda Igihugu ashyira icyubahiro afitiye Igihugu imbere y’inyungu ze bwite. Inshingano buri muntu afite kuri bagenzi be nazo ni bimwe mu bigize gukunda igihugu.

21. Gukunda igihugu bifite andi mashami nayo y’ingenzi ariyo akurikira:

a. Kwitanga: Iyo bibaye ngombwa bivamo no guhara ubuzima b. Kwihesha agaciro:

(1) Kuba umunyakuri: Ni ukutariganya, kutiba, kudaca abandi intege. Ukuri ni

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imwe mu nkingi zigize umuco mwiza kukanagaragara mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.(2) Gukunda umurimo: Ni ugukora icyo wizeje cyangwa wemeye ko uzakora (imvugo igomba kuba ingiro).(3) Gushyira inyungu z’Igihugu imbere. (4) Kugira uruhare rugaragara mu iterambere ry’Igihugu

c. Kuyoboka: Ukubaha inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu bishatse kuvuga ukwemera kandi ugakurikiza ibigenwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika akaba n’Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, inzego z’Ubuyobozi bw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda bikagera no kuri bagenzi bawe musangiye akazi. Kubaha ubuyobozi bw’umutwe ubarirwamo hamwe nabo mufatanyije umwuga ni umuco mwiza w’ubufatanye bwa hafi bwaguka bigakwira Igihugu.

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KUBA INDASHYIKIRWA

22. Indashyikirwa: Bivuga umuhate mu kurinda cyangwa kurwanirira impamvu zifite agaciro gakomeye. Ni imbaraga ziyobora ibitekerezo bigafasha umuntu kwinjira mu gikorwa cyangwa ibintu bishobora kumutwara ubuzima iyo bibaye ngombwa ariko akabikora akomeye kandi ashikamye.

23. Mu muco w’ igisirikari cy’ u Rwanda kuba indashyikirwa bisaba ibintu bine bikurikira : kwiha intego, kuba ushoboye kandi ufite n’ ubumenyi bihanitse, kuba umunyakuri no kugira umuhate. Ibyo nibyo bigize umusingi wo gukomeza kubaka ishema mu gihe byagaragaye ko wihebye muri wowe bigatuma ugarura icyizere.

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24. Umusirikari wa RDF mu mitekerereze ye no mu myemerere ye, ntabangamira amahame y’ umwuga akora bityo bigaha agaciro ubuzima bwe n’ igihugu cye . Uri mu nzira y’ukuri amaze kubikorera isesengura agomba gukomera ku ntego yiyemeje. Ibyo bisaba gufata icyemezo gikwiye haba no mu bihe bikomeye no kugikomeraho nubwo byaba bitanejeje benshi.

25. Kugira umuhate ku mubiri no mu mitekerereze mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi byubaka bikanakomeza umuco w’ ubudashyikirwa . Abasirikari ba RDF barizewe kandi barasabwa gukomera mu ukuri, gufata icyemezo ku gihe gikwiye no mu bihe bikomeye barokora ubuzima bw’ abantu.

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KIRAZIRA MU NGABO Z’U RWANDA

26. Ibizira mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda ni ibi bikurikira:

a. Amacakubiri

b. Ruswa

c. Amatiku

d. Kurema udutsiko

e. Guca munzira zitemewe ukoreshwa n’inyungu bwite

f. Gukunda ikuzo

g. Gukoresha igitugu

h. Gukunda ubutegetsi

i. Inda nini, umururumba

j. Gukunda ubuzima bworoshye

k. Kuvugaguzwa no kuvuga ibidakwiye

l. Guhubuka no kwigerezaho

m.Gushaka kumenya ibintu byose

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harimo ibyo udakeneye mu kazi ushinzwe

n. Kuba ntibindeba, kutita kubintu, guhunga inshingano.

o. Kugerageza kwerekana ko urusha abandi uburwanashyaka kandi imikorere atari myiza.

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UMWANZURO

27. Imyitwarire myiza itanga umurongo usobanutse utuma umuntu abasha gutsinda ibizazane, akabasha gufata icyemezo kibereye mu gihe amahitamo yamubereye inzitizi. Imyitwarire y’umuntu ni urumuri rumwereka ibyo yemera n’ibyo atemera.

28. Ingabo z’u Rwanda ni igisirikare cy’umwuga kiva mu Muryango Nyarwanda kigizwe n’abantu bavuye mu mpande zose z’igihugu. Ni urwego rufite umurongo uhamye n’umwihariko wo kugira imizi n’amashami bifashe ibice byose by’igihugu kandi rukagaragaza ingingo zikomeye zihuriweho n’imbaraga zose hatitaweho icyo buri umwe ku giti cye ashaka kugeraho haba mu gihugu cyangwa hanze yacyo.

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29. RDF nk’uko ari Indashyikirwa izakomeza kuba Ingabo zikorera abaturage no kubarinda. Abanyarwanda ni ab’agaciro kandi muri rusange barangwa n`imico myiza. Bake mu bagize RDF barangwa n’imyitwarire itaboneye bakeneye kwibutswa ibijyanye n’imyitwarire no kwihesha agaciro kugirango barusheho kurangwa n’ubunyamwuga mu kuzuza inshingano z’ibanze no gufasha Igihugu gutera imbere. Mu gihe Ingabo zikomeje kugirirwa icyizere no guterwa ingabo mu bitugu, RDF izahora ari indashyikirwa.

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RDF ETHICS AND VALUES

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INTRODUCTION

1. Like all militaries all over the world, RDF is guided and shaped by values in its thinking, behavior, and professional ethos. Our performance is continually assessed based on the way we adhere to those values. RDF’s ethical conduct is a reflection of our values and is expressed through our behavior.

2. During the liberation struggle from 1990 and during the campaign to stop Genocide against the Tutsi in 1994, RPA was able to prevail and defeat the dictatorial and genocidal regime due to its leadership integrity, discipline and a code of Ethics and Values that were rooted into the Rwandan culture. Over the years following the total liberation of the Country in 1994, it is the consistent teaching of these Ethics and Values through Political Education programs

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that has continued to empower RDF in the fulfillment of its Constitutional mandate.

3. Our Commander -In –Chief’s vision is that “RDF as an Institution must be the foundation of the positive transformation that will take place in our country” and consequently, the CDS’ intent is to have the RDF personnel with the requisite combat readiness, political awareness and a state of mind characteristic of RDF Values and professional ethos in order to fulfill their mission as stated in National Constitution.

4. The efficiency demonstrated by RDF in accomplishing Constitutional roles, is a result of visionary leadership which considers Political Education and particularly, having a deep understanding of RDF Values and Ethics, as being among the important tools in shaping the soldier into a Force that our Nation needs.

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5. It is against this background that the RDF designed an Ethics and Values booklet based on our National and Cultural heritage, that will contribute to a value and ethics based soldiering and the requisite political awareness in the Forces.

AIM

6. The aim of this booklet is to acquaint all RDF members with an understanding of RDF Ethics and Values.

SCOPE

7. The scope covers the following: a. Definition of Ethics.b. RDF Ethics.c. RDF Core Values.d. RDF DON’Ts.e. Conclusion

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DEFINITION OF ETHICS

8. The word Ethic has its roots in the Greek word ethos. Ethos is the perceived degree of character or credibility that a person believes exists in another person or object. The amount of trust and belief one has in another will have an important impact in how persuasive one will be. The values and morals an individual finds appropriate are called ethics.

9. Ethics are a system of morals of a particular person, religion, group, etc. Many people think of the military as an organization that exists to kill, and are unable to reconcile that incorrect world view with the existence of any kind of ‘moral’ or ‘ethical’ system, because most commonly accepted ethical systems rate killing as an unacceptable act.

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10. The ethics of most military forces generally mirror the ethics of the society that they are part of. The aspects that distinguish the military systems from their civilian counterparts are based on those Forces being the defense for their respective countries. As the defenders of the country, additional ethics are necessary.

RDF ETHICS

11. RDF Military Ethics are derived from our cultural heritage and history, and it is about our responsibility to be men and women of character. Our profession’s ethic remains the foundation of trust with which citizens entrust in us. The RDF must ensure that each one of its members adheres to high standards of ethical and values.

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12. RDF ethical standards are demonstrated in its members’ behavior in everyday life as well as under any other unusual circumstances. They are reflected in their military mindset and influence, not only in the ways RDF personnel relate to one another, but also in the decision making process, exercising leadership roles, and the interpretation of significant and timely events.

RDF CORE VALUES

13. The RDF Core values are much more than minimum standards. They remind us what it takes to get the mission done. They inspire us to do the ‘Right thing’ at all times. They are the common attachment among all comrades in arms, and they are the glue that unifies the Force and ties us to the great heroes and our citizens. The 3 core values are: Honor, Patriotism and Valor.

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14. The RDF concepts of Patriotism, Honor and Valor are enshrined in the RDF Logo as part of RDF Emblem. This trinity guides the Rwandan military way of life and constitute the bedrock upon which the RDF ethics are derived. They are the RDF core values and every RDF personnel whether military or civilian must study, understand and follow them in order to encourage others to do the same.

15. Whatever the background (religious affiliation, regional, male, female or socio-economic-political inclination) this is your basic guide to the RDF core values. The core values exist for all members of the RDF family (military or civilian contractors), rank and file notwithstanding. These Values are for all of us to read, to understand, to live by, and to esteem.

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HONOR

16. Honor is living up to the RDF Values. It starts with being honest to oneself, being truthful and sincere in all our actions. Maintaining respect, integrity, honesty and dignity will earn great respect from your fellow soldier, the RDF as your Institution, the Nation and the International Community.

17. Being honest to oneself is the best way to live the RDF values. Pressures that can undermine our ethical reasoning include: self-interest, peer pressure, pressure from subordinates/or superiors and pressure from the society. If something does not feel right to you to the extent of compromising your values, then you need to seriously assess the situation and take steps to correct it or report the issue to your chain of command.

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18. There are some traits associated with honor that one has to master. They include but not limited to:

a. Personal integrity. Strong moral character or strength, and adherence to ethical principles.b. Respect. Great esteem and admiration.c. Dignity. Personal worth that sometimes leads to recognition and glory.d. Reputation. Somebody’s good name or good image.e. Pride. Being somebody that brings/or source of respect and glory to your peers, institution, nation or society. f. Great privilege. Feeling a sense of or cherishing an opportunity to serve a worthy cause, for instance, to liberate our country Rwanda as a professional soldier.

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PATRIOTISM

19. Patriotism is a character trait that denotes devotion, love of and loyalty to one’s Country. It that loyalty that all citizens owe to their country or nation and the zeal they portray in the defense of their country’s interests.

20. A patriot is someone who loves, supports and is prepared to serve his/her Country and ready to die for its cause should such a calling come about. All patriots place loyalty to one’s country ahead of personal interest. At all times, their individual responsibility to fellow citizens is an inherent component of patriotism.

21. Patriotism covers several other indispensable moral traits: Trustworthiness, Self-sacrifice and loyalty.

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a. Trustworthiness Trustworthiness means being honest, dependable or reliable and with good character. Honesty is one of the building blocks of strong character, and it is something you display every day of your life. It is being able to do what you say you will do and having the courage to do the right thing.

b. Self-sacrifice. Self-sacrifice is the selflessness that creates courage into the soldier and makes it possible to fight and win. Physical courage is overcoming fears of bodily harm while performing your duty. Moral courage is the willingness to stand up for what we believe is right even if that stand is unpopular or contrary to conventional wisdom. The other aspects of moral courage involve “risk taking” and

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“tenacity”; making bold decisions in the face of uncertainty, accepting full responsibility for the outcome, and holding to the chosen course despite challenges of difficulties.

c. Loyalty. Loyalty is being able to internalize faith and allegiance to the Rwandan Constitution, the Commander-in-Chief of the RDF, the RDF chain of Command and fellow comrades. The real motivation to service and loyalty is the love for your country. Loyalty to one’s unit and to one’s fellow soldiers is reflected in the Unit cohesion which ultimately is extended to national cohesion.

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VALOR

22. Valor means “courage in defense of a noble cause”. It is the strength of mind or spirit that enables a person to encounter danger with firmness and personal bravery. Courage is not the absence of fear. It is the ability to face your fear. It is the ability to overcome fear and carry on with the mission.

23. There are four soldierly qualities of valor: commitment, competence, frankness and courage. They are your rallying points to build valor when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there none and to create hope when the situation becomes desperate.

24. As members of RDF, do not compromise your professional ethics or your individual values and moral principles. If you believe you are right after sober consideration, hold

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to your position. It takes special courage to make and support unpopular decisions.

25. Practicing physical and moral courage in our daily lives builds a strong and honorable character. We expect and encourage candor and integrity from all soldiers. Taking the immediate and rationale actions in a time of conflict will save lives.

RDF DON’Ts

26. The following DON’Ts are derived from the Rwanda Cultural values and can help in entrenching RDF ethics and values. They are:

a. Sectarianism.b. Corruption.c. Intrigues.d. Clique formation.e. Subterranean activities.

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f. Cheap popularity.g. Dictatorial tendencies.h. To be over ambitious.i. Greedy.j. Soft-life.k. Loose talk.l. Adventurism.m. Over enthusiastic.n. Liberalism.o. Left wing extremism.

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CONCLUSION

27. Ethics provide a systematic, rational way to work through dilemmas and to determine the best course of action to take in the face of conflicting choices. Ethics attempts to find and describe what people believe is right and wrong.

28. RDF as an institution exemplifies the high standards to which the force adheres to during its operations inside the country and abroad.

29. The RDF is and always will be a people’s defence force. Although only a few of the RDF personnel might misbehave, it is imperative that the entire RDF family be taught and drilled in the RDF Ethics and Values. Ultimately, if we have faith in them,

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practice them and make them our way of life, there is no doubt that RDF shall remain an excellent force to reckon with.

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REFERENCES

• Major Daniel J. Gillan, Professional Military Ethics Education and Core Character Values in the Joint Profession of Arms, 1998.

• National Defence University, Strategic Leadership and Decision Making: Ethics and Values, 2010.

• Law n° 19/2002 of 17/05/2002 establishing the Rwanda Defence Forces. (J.O. N° 13 of 01/07/2002), art 3).

• SOP Number 300-9 on RDF Ethics and Values, 2012.

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