Nicknames Of Indian Cities General Awareness6Nicknamesare formulated for cities to showcase the citiesuniqueness or Strength or Distinction among other cities.So Indian cities also have been distinguished from other cities with their nick names. So here is thecomplete list of nicknames of Indian cities, which are tabulated State-wisewith respect to memorizing easily and also for the benefit of aspirants appearing forState Wise Selection Commission exams and other competitive exams.S.NoCity NameNick Names

1Hyderabad-Secunderabad (Telangana)Twin City

2Hyderabad (Telangana)City of Nizams, City of Pearls, Bangle City, Hitech City

3Tenali (Andhra Pradesh)Andhra Paris

4Guntur (Andhra Pradesh)City of Chillies, City of Spices

5Bhimavaram (Andhra Pradesh)Secon Bardoli of India

6Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh)Cultural City

7Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh)Fertilizer City, Pensioners Paradise, Second Madras

8Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh)Place of Victory, Land of Victory

9Amritsar (Punjab)Golden City

10Patiala (Punjab)Royal City

11Muzzaffarpur (Bihar)Lychee City

12Ahmadabad (Gujarat)Manchester of India, Boston of India

13Palanpur (Gujarat)City of Diamonds, Flower City

14Surat (Gujarat)Diamond City

15Bardoli (Gujarat)Butter City

16Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)City of Lakes

17Mundi (Madhya Pradesh)Power Hub City

18Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir)City of Rivers

19Panipat (Haryana)City of Weavers, Eco-City

20Gurgaon (Haryana)Millennium City

21Allahabad or Prayag (Uttar Pradesh)Abode of the God, Sangam City, City of Prime Ministers

22Agra (Uttar Pradesh)Taj Nagari, Petha Nagari

23Varanasi or Benares or Banaras or Kashi (Uttar Pradesh)City of Temples, Holy City, Religious Capital of India

24Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)Leather City, Manchester of the East

25Meerut (Uttar Pradesh)SportsCapital of India, Scissor City

26Luck now (Uttar Pradesh)City of Nawabs, City of Marbels, City of Elephants

27Mysore (Karnataka)Sandal Wood City

28Coorg (Karnataka)Scotland of India

29Auroville (Pondicherry)City of Dawn

30Jamshedpur (Jharkhand)Steel city, Pittsburg of India

31Dhanbad (Jharkhand)Coal Capital of India

32Udaipur (Rajasthan)Lake City, White City, Venice of the East

33Jaipur (Rajasthan)Pink City, City of Palaces, Paris of India

34Jodhpur (Rajasthan)Sun City, Blue City

35Jaisalmer (Rajasthan)Golden City

36Tezpur (Assam)City of Blood

37Bhuvaneshwar (Orissa)Temple City

38Cuttack (Orissa)Silver City

39Yavatmal (Maharashtra)Cotton City

40Mumbai (Maharashtra)City of Seven Islands, Gateway of India, Hollywood of India, City of Dreams

41Thane (Maharashtra)City of Lakes

42Nasik (Maharashtra)Grape City, Wine Capital

43Pune (Maharshtra)Deccan Queen

44Nagpur (Maharashtra)City of Orange

45Kolhapur (Maharashtra)City of Wrestlers

46Ichalkaranji(Maharashtra)Manchester of Maharashtra

47Bengaluru or Bangalore (Karnataka)Garden City, Electronic City, Silicon Valley, Space City, Pensioners Paradise

48Yercaud (Tamil Nadu)Poor Mans Ooty

49Vaniyambadi (Tamil Nadu)Leather City of South India

50Salem (Tamil Nadu)Mango City

51Namakkal (Tamil Nadu)Egg City

52Tiruchirappali or Trichy (Tamil Nadu)Rock Fort City, Energy Equipment & Fabrication Capital of India

53Nilgris (Tamil Nadu)Blue Mountains

54Chennai (Tamil Nadu)Gateway of South India, Detroit of Asia or India, Motor city of India,Bankingcapital of India, Autohub of India

55Madurai (Tamil Nadu)City of Festivals, Temple City, Sleepless City

56Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)Manchester of the South, Textile city of India, Capital of Kongu Nadu, Engineering City of India

57Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu)Pearl City, Pearl Harbor of India

58Rishikesh (Uttarkand)City of Sages, Yoga City

59Nainital (Uttarkhand)City of Lakes

60Mussorie (Uttarakhand)Hill Queen City

61Kollam (Kerala)Cashew Capital of the World, Prince of Arabian Sea

62Alappuzha (Kerala)Venice of the East

63Trivandrum (Kerala)City of Statues

64Kochi or Cochin (Kerala)Queen of Arabian Sea, Garden of Spices

65Kolkatta (West Bengal)City of Castles, City of Buildings

66Asansol (West Bengal)Land of Black Diamonds

67Darjeeling (West Bengal)The Queen of the Hills

68Durgapur (West Bengal)Ruhr of India

69Malda (West Bengal)Mango City

70Siliguri (West Bengal)Gateway of North East India, City of Hospitality

71Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh)Land of Rising Sun

72Dispur (Assam) (A locality in the Guwahati city, which is capital of Assam)City of Temples

73Guwahati (Assam)City of Eastern Astrology, City of Temples, Gateway of North East India

74Shillong (Meghalaya)Scotland of the East

75New Delhi (NCR-National Capital Region)City of Rallies

76Noida (NCR)IT Capital of NCR

Tricky Countries Capital List General AwarenessMemorizing list of the countrys capital is a tedious task. So most people memorize the important capitals of the world. But there issome countrys capital which confuses or tricks you in the examinations.So here I have listed outsome important capitals of the world countries that are easy, that confuses you often, that have more than one capital. I also have written some of the facts or notes which make you to remember the capitals easier. Thus thelist of tricky countries capital listare as followsS.NoCountriesCapitalNotes/Points to note for easy remembrance

1.SingaporeSingaporeSingapore is a small country expanded by land reclamation. Easy to remember.

2.Vatican CityVatican CitySmallest Internationally recognized Independent state by area and population. Easy to remember.

3.AustraliaCanberraLargest Inland city is Canberra. Most of the cities you heard of are in the coastal area like Adelaide, Melbourne, and Gold coast, Newcastle, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney. Canberra is a planned city after a settlement was made between rivals Sydney and Melbourne.

4.CanadaOttawaToronto is the most populous city and hosts Toronto stock Exchange. Toronto headquarters 5 largest banks. So Toronto is the commercial capital of Canada, not the national capital.

5.BelizeBelmopanThe only country in Central American to haveEnglishalso as National Language. Belize city is the largest city.

6.BrazilBrasiliaBrasilia was planned and founded in 1960, to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a central location.

7.Burma/MyanmarNaypyitawThe capital was moved from Yangoon (Rangoon) to give a strategic position centrally to provide stability to other areas of the country.

8.ChinaBeijingNot to be confused with Shanghai. As Shanghai is the world most populous city, global financial center and worlds busiest container port but not the capital of China.

9.El SalvadorSan SalvadorEn Salvador is the most populated district and also hosts most of the MNCs & Banks as its Head Quarters. It also has a World Trade Center.

10.GuatemalaGuatemala CityNot to be confused with Guantanamo detention camp, run by USA.

11.GuineaConakryIt is also called French Guineau. It was formerly a French colony.

12.Guineau-BissauBissauEasy to remember. Was formerly a Portuguese colony. It is also called Portuguese Guineau.

13.Equatorial GuineauMalaboOyala is the planned city and future capital which is under construction. Equatorial Guineau was formerly a Spanish colony.

14.EquadorQuitoQuito lies near the Earths Equator line.

15.GhanaAccraAccra lies near the Earths Equator line.

16.KazakhstanAstanaAkmola was renamed as Astana. It was formed only in 1997 after moving the capital from Almaty. Astana is the second coldest capital in the world. First new capital of 21st century. Astana is a Kazak title meaning Capital.

17.KuwaitKuwait CityEasy to remember.

18.LuxembourgLuxembourg CityEasy to remember.

19.NauruYarenNauru is the worlds second least populated state next to Vatican City.

20.PanamaPanama CityEasy to remember.

21.San MarinoSan MarinoEasy to remember.

22.South AfricaPretoria, Bloemfontein, Cape TownHas three capitals namely Capetown (Legislative), Pretoria (Executive) and Bloemfontein (Judicial). Pretoria is the de facto capital.

23.Sri LankaColombo, Sri Jayawardenepura KotteHas two capitals namely Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) and Colombo (Commercial).

24.SwitzerlandBernBern is the de facto capital or Federal capital. Not to confuse with Zurich, Geneva and Basel.

25.TunisiaTunisEasy to remember. Housed the Arab League (League of 22 Arab nations) HQ from 1979-1990 during Egypts peace with Israel. In 1970-2003 also housed Palestine Liberation Organisation as it was bombed by the Israeli Air Force.

26.United Arab EmiratesAbu DhabiNot to be confused with Dubai, as it is the global hub for tourism, retail and finance. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over major matters in the UAEs legislature.

27.VietnamHanoiHo Chi Minh city is the largest city in Vietnam but not the capital.

28.United States of AmericaWashington D.CPlanned capital and selected by President George Washington. Not to be confused with New York city as it is the head quarters to United Nations, cultural and financial capital of the world. D.C stands for District of Columbia.

List of waterfalls in IndiaWaterfallHeightLocation

Kunchikal Falls455 meters (1,493 ft)Shimoga district, Karnataka

Barehipani Falls399 meters (1,309 ft)Mayurbhanj district, Odisha

Langshiang Falls337 meters (1,106 ft)West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Nohkalikai Falls335 meters (1,099 ft)East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Nohsngithiang Falls315 meters (1,033 ft)East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Dudhsagar Falls310 meters (1,020 ft)Karnataka, Goa

Kynrem Falls305 meters (1,001 ft)East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya

Meenmutty Falls300 meters (980 ft)Wayanad district, Kerala

Thalaiyar Falls297 meters (974 ft)Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu

Barkana Falls259 meters (850 ft)Shimoga district, Karnataka

Jog Falls253 meters (830 ft)Sagar, Karnataka

Khandadhar Falls244 meters (801 ft)Sundargarh district, Odisha

Vantawng Falls229 meters (751 ft)Serchhip district, Mizoram

Penchalakona Falls219 meters (719 ft)Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh

Kune Falls200 meters (660 ft)Lonavla, Maharashtra

Soochipara Falls200 meters (660 ft)Wayanad district, Kerala

Magod Falls198 meters (650 ft)Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka

Hebbe Falls168 meters (551 ft)Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka

Duduma Falls175 meters (574 ft)Koraput district, Odisha

Joranda Falls157 meters (515 ft)Mayurbhanj district, Odisha

Palani Falls150 meters (490 ft)Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh

Lodh Falls143 meters (469 ft)Latehar district, Jharkhand

Bishop Falls135 meters (443 ft)Shillong, Meghalaya

Chachai Falls130 meters (430 ft)Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh

Keoti Falls130 meters (430 ft)Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh

Kalhatti Falls122 meters (400 ft)Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka

Beadon Falls120 meters (390 ft)Shillong, Meghalaya

Keppa Falls116 meters (381 ft)Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka

Koosalli Falls116 meters (381 ft)Udupi, Karnataka

Pandavgad Falls107 meters (351 ft)Thane, Maharashtra

Rajat Prapat107 meters (351 ft)Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh

Bundla Falls100 meters (330 ft)Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh

Shivanasamudra Falls98 meters (322 ft)Mysore, Karnataka

Agaya Gangai92 meters (302 ft)Tamil Nadu

Lower Ghaghri Falls98 meters (322 ft)Latehar district, Jharkhand

Hundru Falls98 meters (322 ft)Ranchi district, Jharkhand

Sweet Falls98 meters (322 ft)Shillong, Meghalaya

Gatha Falls91 meters (299 ft)Panna district, Madhya Pradesh

Teerathgarh Falls91 meters (299 ft)Baster district, Chhattisgarh

Kiliyur Falls91 meters (299 ft)Yercaud, Tamil Nadu

Kedumari Falls91 meters (299 ft)Udupi district, Karnataka

Muthyala Maduvu Falls91 meters (299 ft)Bangalore, Karnataka

Palaruvi Falls91 meters (299 ft)Kollam district, Kerala

Kuntala Falls45 meters (148 ft)Nirmal, Telangana

Important Rivers in India

Length of some important Indian RiversSl. No.RiverLength (km)

1Indus3,200

2Brahmaputra2,900

3Ganga2,525

4Godavari1,465

5Narmada1,312

6Krishna1,290

7Mahanadi890

8Kaveri760

State-Wise details of Rivers CoveredS. No. StateRiver

1Andhra PradeshGodavari & Musi

2BiharGanga

3DelhiYamuna

4GoaMandovi

5GujaratSabarmati

6HaryanaYamuna

7JharkhandDamodar, Ganga & Subarnarekha

8KarnatakaBhadra, Tungabhadra,Cauvery, Tunga & Pennar

9KeralaPamba

10Madhya PradeshBetwa, Tapti, Wainganga, Khan, Narmada, Kshipra, Beehar, Chambal & Mandakini.

11MahrashtraKrishna, Godavari, Tapi and Panchganga

12NagalandDiphu & Dhansiri

13OrissaBrahmini & Mahanadi

14PunjabSatluj

15RajasthanChambal

16SikkimRani Chu

17Tamil NaduCauvery, Adyar, Cooum, Vennar, Vaigai & Tambarani

18Uttar PradeshYamuna, Ganga & Gomti

19UttranchalGanga

20West BengalGanga, Damodar & Mahananda

Cities on River BankCityRiverState

ChandauliGangesUttar Pradesh

JajmauGangesUttar Pradesh

NaubastaPanduUttar Pradesh

NawabganjGangesUttar Pradesh

BithoorGangesUttar Pradesh

UjjainKshipraMadhya Pradesh

KolhapurPanchgangaMaharashtra

RajkotAjiGujarat

VadodaraVishwamitriGujarat

AgraYamunaUttar Pradesh

MathuraYamunaUttar Pradesh

New DelhiYamunaDelhi

AuraiyaYamunaUttar Pradesh

EtawahYamunaUttar Pradesh

JabalpurNarmadaMadhya Pradesh

HyderabadMoosiAndhra Pradesh

VijayawadaKrishnaAndhra Pradesh

BangaloreVrishabhavathiKarnataka

FarrukhabadGangesUttar Pradesh

FatehgarhGangesUttar Pradesh

KannaujGangesUttar Pradesh

MangaloreNetravati, GurupuraKarnataka

ShimogaTunga RiverKarnataka

BhadravathiBhadraKarnataka

HospetTungabhadraKarnataka

KarwarKaliKarnataka

BagalkotGhataprabhaKarnataka

HonnavarSharavathiKarnataka

GwaliorChambalMadhya Pradesh

GorakhpurRaptiUttar Pradesh

Luck nowGomtiUttar Pradesh

KanpurGangesUttar Pradesh

Kanpur CantonmentGangesUttar Pradesh

ShuklaganjGangesUttar Pradesh

ChakeriGangesUttar Pradesh

KolkataHooghlyWest Bengal

VaranasiGangesUttar Pradesh

AllahabadGangesUttar Pradesh

AhmadabadSabarmatiGujarat

PatnaGangesBihar

MalegaonGirna RiverMaharashtra

GuwahatiBrahmaputraAssam

CuttackMahanadiOrissa

SambalpurMahanadiOrissa

RourkelaBrahmaniOrissa

HaridwarGangesUttarkhand

PuneMula, MuthaMaharashtra

DamanDaman Ganga RiverDaman

MaduraiVaigaiTamil Nadu

ThiruchirapalliKaveriTamil Nadu

ChennaiCooum, AdyarTamil Nadu

CoimbatoreNoyyalTamil Nadu

ErodeKaveriTamil Nadu

TirunelveliThamirabaraniTamil Nadu

SuratTaptiGujrat

BharuchNarmadaGujarat

KotaChambalRajasthan

KarjatUlhasMaharashtra

NashikGodavariMaharashtra

MahadSavitriMaharashtra

RajahmundryGodavariAndhra Pradesh

NandedGodavariMaharashtra

NellorePennarAndhra Pradesh

SangliKrishnaMaharashtra

KaradKrishna,KoynaMaharashtra

Classification of Missile

Missiles are generally classified on the basis of their Type, Launch Mode, Range, Propulsion, Warhead and Guidance Systems.Type: Cruise MissileBallistic MissileLaunch Mode: Surface-to-Surface MissileSurface-to-Air MissileSurface (Coast)-to-Sea MissileAir-to-Air MissileAir-to-Surface MissileSea-to-Sea MissileSea-to-Surface (Coast) MissileAnti-Tank MissileRange: Short Range MissileMedium Range MissileIntermediate Range Ballistic MissileIntercontinental Ballistic MissilePropulsion: Solid PropulsionLiquid PropulsionHybrid PropulsionRamjetScramjetCryogenicWarhead: ConventionalStrategicGuidance Systems: Wire GuidanceCommand GuidanceTerrain Comparison GuidanceTerrestrial GuidanceInertial GuidanceBeam Rider GuidanceLaser GuidanceRF and GPS ReferenceOn the basis of Type:(I) Cruise Missile:A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled (till the time of impact) guided vehicle that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path and whose primary mission is to place an ordnance or special payload on a target. They fly within the earths atmosphere and use jet engine technology. These vehicles vary greatly in their speed and ability to penetrate defences.ICBMCruise missiles can be categorized by size, speed (subsonic or supersonic), range and whether launched from land, air, surface ship or submarine.Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:1) Subsonic cruise missile2) Supersonic cruise missile3) Hypersonic cruise missileSubsonic cruise missileflies at a speed lesser than that of sound. It travels at a speed of around 0.8 Mach. The well-known subsonic missile is the American Tomahawk cruise missile. Some other examples are Harpoon of USA and Exocet of France.Supersonic cruise missiletravels at a speed of around 2-3 Mach i.e.; it travels a kilometer approximately in a second. The modular design of the missile and its capability of being launched at different orientations enable it to be integrated with a wide spectrum of platforms like warships, submarines, different types of aircraft, mobile autonomous launchers and silos. The combination of supersonic speed and warhead mass provides high kinetic energy ensuring tremendous lethal effect. BRAHMOS is the only known versatile supersonic cruise missile system which is in service.Hypersonic cruise missiletravels at a speed of more than 5 Mach. Many countries are working to develop hypersonic cruise missiles. BrahMos Aerospace is also in the process of developing a hypersonic cruise missile, BRAHMOS-II, which would fly at a speed greater than 5 Mach.(ii) Ballistic Missile:A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight path, regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle. Ballistic missiles are categorized according to their range, maximum distance measured along the surface of earths ellipsoid from the point of launch to the point of impact of the last element of their payload. The missile carries a huge payload. The carriage of a deadly warhead is justified by the distance the missile travels. Ballistic missiles can be launched from ships and land based facilities. For example, Prithvi I, Prithvi II, Agni I, Agni II and Danish ballistic missiles are currently operational in the Indian defense forces.On the basis of Launch Mode:(I) Surface-to-Surface Missile:A surface-to-surface missile is a guided projectile launched from a hand-held, vehicle mounted, trailer mounted or fixed installation. It is often powered by a rocket motor or sometimes fired by an explosive charge since the launch platform is stationary.(ii) Surface-to-Air Missile:A surface-to-air missile is designed for launch from the ground to destroy aerial targets like aircrafts, helicopters and even ballistic missiles. These missiles are generally called air defense systems as they defend any aerial attacks by the enemy.(iii) Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile:A surface (coast)-to-sea missile is designed to be launched from land to ship in the sea as targets.(iv) Air-to-Air Missile:An air-to-air missile is launched from an aircraft to destroy the enemy aircraft. The missile flies at a speed of 4 Mach.(v) Air-to-Surface Missile:An air-to-surface missile is designed for launch from military aircraft and strikes ground targets on land, at sea or both. The missiles are basically guided via laser guidance, infrared guidance and optical guidance or via GPS signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of target.(vi) Sea-to-Sea Missile:A sea-to-sea missile is designed for launch from one ship to another ship.(vii) Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile:A sea-to-surface missile is designed for launch from ship to land based targets.(viii) Anti-Tank Missile:An anti-tank missile is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily-armored tanks and other armored fighting vehicles. Anti-tank missiles could be launched from aircraft, helicopters, and tanks and also from shoulder mounted launcher.On the basis of Range:This type of classification is based on maximum range achieved by the missiles. The basic classification is as follows:(I) Short Range Missile(ii) Medium Range Missile(iii) Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile(iv) Intercontinental Ballistic MissileOn the basis of Propulsion:(I) Solid Propulsion:Solid fuel is used in solid propulsion. Generally, the fuel is aluminum powder. Solid propulsion has the advantage of being easily stored and can be handled in fuelled condition. It can reach very high speeds quickly. Its simplicity also makes it a good choice whenever large amount of thrust is needed.(ii) Liquid Propulsion:The liquid propulsion technology uses liquid as fuel. The fuels are hydrocarbons. The storage of missile with liquid fuel is difficult and complex. In addition, preparation of missile takes considerable time. In liquid propulsion, propulsion can be controlled easily by restricting the fuel flow by using valves and it can also be controlled even under emergency conditions. Basically, liquid fuel gives high specific impulse as compared to solid fuel.(ii) Hybrid Propulsion:There are two stages in hybrid propulsion solid propulsion and liquid propulsion. This kind of propulsion compensates the disadvantages of both propulsion systems and has the combined advantages of the two propulsion systems.(iii) Ramjet:A ramjet engine does not have any turbines unlike turbojet engines. It achieves compression of intake air just by the forward speed of the air vehicle. The fuel is injected and ignited. The expansion of hot gases after fuel injection and combustion accelerates the exhaust air to a velocity higher than that at the inlet and creates positive push. However, the air entering the engine should be at supersonic speeds. So, the aerial vehicle must be moving in supersonic speeds. Ramjet engines cannot propel an aerial vehicle from zero to supersonic speeds.(iv) Scramjet:Scramjet is an acronym for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. The difference between scramjet and ramjet is that the combustion takes place at supersonic air velocities through the engine. It is mechanically simple, but vastly more complex aerodynamically than a jet engine. Hydrogen is normally the fuel used.(v) Cryogenic:Cryogenic propellants are liquefied gases stored at very low temperatures, most frequently liquid hydrogen as the fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. Cryogenic propellants require special insulated containers and vents which allow gas to escape from the evaporating liquids. The liquid fuel and oxidizer are pumped from the storage tanks to an expansion chamber and injected into the combustion chamber where they are mixed and ignited by a flame or spark. The fuel expands as it burns and the hot exhaust gases are directed out of the nozzle to provide thrust.On the basis of Warhead:(I) Conventional Warhead:A conventional warhead contains high energy explosives. It is filled with a chemi al explosive and relies on the detonation of the explosive and the resulting metal casing fragmentation as kill mechanisms.(ii) Strategic Warhead:In a strategic warhead, radioactive materials are present and when triggered they exhibit huge radio activity that can wipe out even cities. They are generally designed for mass annihilation.On the basis of Guidance Systems:(I) Wire Guidance:This system is broadly similar to radio command, but is less susceptible to electronic counter measures. The command signals are passed along a wire (or wires) dispensed from the missile after launch.(ii) Command Guidance:Command guidance involves tracking the projectile from the launch site or platform and transmitting commands by radio, radar, or laser impulses or along thin wires or optical fibers. Tracking might be accomplished by radar or optical instruments from the launch site or by radar or television imagery relayed from the missile.(iii) Terrain Comparison Guidance:Terrain Comparison (TERCOM) is used invariably by cruise missiles. The system uses sensitive altimeters to measure the profile of the ground directly below and checks the result against stored information.(iv) Terrestrial Guidance:This system constantly measures star angles and compares them with the pre-programmed angles expected on the missiles intended trajectory. The guidance system directs the control system whenever an alteration to trajectory is required.(v) Inertial Guidance:This system is totally contained within the missile and is programmed prior to launch. Three accelerometers, mounted on a platform space-stabilized by gyros, measure accelerations along three mutually perpendicular axes; these accelerations are then integrated twice, the first integration giving velocity and the second giving position. The system then directs the control system to preserve the pre-programmed trajectory. These systems are used in the surface-to-surface missiles and in cruise missiles.(vi) Beam Rider Guidance:The beam rider concept relies on an external ground or ship-based radar station that transmits a beam of radar energy towards the target. The surface radar tracks the target and also transmits a guidance beam that adjusts its angle as the target moves across the sky.(vii) Laser Guidance:In laser guidance, a laser beam is focused on the target and the laser beam reflects off the target and gets scattered. The missile has a laser seeker that can detect even miniscule amount of radiation. The seeker provides the direction of the laser scatters to the guidance system. The missile is launched towards the target, the seeker looks out for the laser reflections and the guidance system steers the missile towards the source of laser reflections that is ultimately the target.(viii) RF and GPS Reference:RF (Radio Frequency) and GPS (Global Positioning System) are examples of technologies that are used in missile guidance systems. A missile uses GPS signal to determine the location of the target. Over the course of its flight, the weapon uses this information to send commands to control surfaces and adjusts its trajectory. In a RF reference, the missile uses RF waves to locate the target.

List of Indian Missiles General AwarenessMissile NameOriginTypeRangeSpeed

Air-to-air missiles

Astra MissileIndiaAir-to-Air Missiles60 80 kmMach 4 +

K-100Russia & IndiaMedium Range air-to-air missile300400 kmMach 3.3

Surface-To-Air Missiles

Akash MissileIndiaMedium-range surface-to-air missile30-35kmMach 2.5 to 3.5

Barak 8Israel/IndiaLong Range surface to air Missile100 kmMach 2

Defense Missile

Prithvi Air Defense (PAD)IndiaExeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missileAltitude- 80kmMach 5+

Advanced Air Defense (AAD)IndiaEndoatmospheric Anti-ballistic missileAltitude- 30kmMach 4.5

Prithvi Defense Vehicle (PDV)IndiaExeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missileAltitude- 120km

Cruise Missiles

NirbhayIndiaSubsonic cruise missile(Ship, submarine, aircraft and land)1,000 -1500 kmMach 0.8

BrahMosRussia & IndiaSupersonic cruise missile(Ship, submarine, aircraft and land)290 kmMach 2.8 to 3 Mach

BrahMos IIIndiaHypersonic cruise missile(Ship, submarine, aircraft and land)300kmMach 7

Surface-to-surface missiles

Agni-IIndiaMedium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)700-1250 kmMach 7.5

Agni-IIIndiaIntermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM)2,0003,000 kmMach 12

Agni-IIIIndiaIntermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM)3,500 km 5,000 km56 km/s

Agni-IVIndiaIntermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM)3,000 4,000 kmMach 7

Agni-VIndiaIntercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM)5000 8000KmMach 24

Prithvi IIndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)150 km

Prithvi IIIndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)350 km

DhanushIndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)350 600 km

Prahaar(Pragati)IndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)150 kmMach 2.03

ShauryaIndiaMedium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM)750 to 1,900 kmMach 7.5

Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles

Sagarika (K-15)IndiaBallistic Missile700 1900KmMach 7+

K-4IndiaBallistic Missile3,5005,000 kmMach 7+

K-5IndiaBallistic Missile6,000 km

Anti-Tank Missile

NagIndiaAnti-Tank Guided Missile4km230 m/s

Helina(HELIcopter launched NAg)IndiaAnti-Tank Guided Missile7-8km

Nicknames of famous Personalities General AwarenessS.No Nickname Person

1Akbar of KashmirJainul Abdin

2Andhra KesariT. Prakasam

3AnnaC.N. Annadurai

4BabujiJagjeevan Ram

5Banga bandhuSheikh Mujibut Rahman

6Bard of AvonWilliam Shakespeare

7Bengal KesariAshutosh Mukherji

8Bengali Tiger,Punjab Kesari,Lal, BalLala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal

9Bihar KesariDr. Srikrishna Singh

10Bihar VibhutiDr. Anugrah Narayan Singh

11Bird man of IndiaSalim Ali

12C. R. / RajajiChakravarti Rajagopalachari

13Chacha,Pandit jiJawaharlal Nehru

14Deen bandhuC.F. Andrews

15Desert FoxGen Ervin Rommel

16Desh bandhuChitta Ranjan Das

17Desh Ratna, AjatshatruDr. Rajendra Prasad

18DeshpriyaYatindra Mohan Sengupta

19Enlightened OneLord Buddha

20Father ofEnglishPoetryGeoffery Chaucer

21Father of GujaratRavi Shankar Maharaj

22Father of MedicineHippocrates

23Father of the Local Self-GovernmentLord Rippon

24Father of the Nation,Bapu,MahatmaMahatma Gandhi

25Frontier Gandhi, Badshah KhanKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

26FuehrerAdolf Hitler

27G.B.SGeorge Bernard Shaw

28Grand Old man of BritainWillium E. Gladstone

29Grand Old man of IndiaDadabhai Naoroji

30Grand old man of Indian JournalismTushar Kanti Ghosh

31Grandfather of Indian FilmsDhundiraj Govind Phalke

32GurujiM.S. Golvalkar

33Haryana HurricaneKapil Dev

34II DuceBenito Mussolini

35Indian EinsteinNagarjuna

36Jana NayakKarpuri Thakur

37King MakerEarl of Warwick

38King Maker of Indian HistorySayyed Bandhu

39KuvempuK.V. Puttappa

40Lady with the lampFlorence Nightinga

41Li-KwanPearl Buck

42Little Corporal,Man of DestinyNapoleon Bonaparte

43Little MasterSunil Gavaskar

44LokmanyaBal Gangadhar Tilak

45LoknayakJayaprakash Narayan

46Machiavelli of IndiaChanakya

47Magician of HockeyDhyanchand

48Mahamana, Prince of BeggarsPt. Madan Mohan Malaviya

49Maid of OrleansJoan of Arc

50Maiden QueenQueen Elizabeth I

51Man of Blood and IronOtto Van Bismark

52Man of PeaceLal Bahadur Shastri

53Martin Luther of IndiaDayanand Saraswati

54Morning Star of India RenaissanceRaja Ram Mohan Roy

55MotherMother Teresa

56Mysore TigerTippu Sultan

57Napoleon of IndiaSamudra Gupta

58Neta Ji, Patriot of PatriotsSubhash Chandra Bose

59Nightingale of IndiaSarojini Naidu

60Parrot of India, Tota-e-hindAmir Khushro

61Poets PoetEdmund Spencer

62Prince of AutobiographyBabur

63Prince of BuildersShahjahan

64Prince of Martyrs, Sahid-e-AzamBhagat Singh

65Prince of Money MakersMuhammad bin Tughlaq

66Prince of PilgrimsHiuen Tsang

67Punjab KesariLala Lajpat Rai

68Quaid-I-AzamMd. Ali Jinnah

69RajashreePurushottam Das Tandon

70Sage of KanchiSankaracharya

71Scourage of GodChengiz khan

72Shakespeare of IndiaMahakavi Kalidas

73Sher-e-Kashmir,Lion of KashmirSheikh Mohammed Abdullah

74SparrowMajor General Rajinder Singh

75Strong (Iron) Man of IndiaSardar Vallabhbhai Patel

76Swar KokilaLata Mangeshkar

77TauChaudhury Devi Lal

78UdanpariP.T. Usha

79Uncle HoHo Chi Minh

80Vishwa Kavi,Kaviguru,GurudevRabindranath Tagore

81Young TurkChandra Shekhar

Large Dams in India Complete List General Awareness

Large dams of IndiaNote:Dam list taken from Water Resources Information System of India(india-wris.nrsc.gov.in)S.NoDam NameRiverStateHeight (m)Length (m)Storage capacity (MCM)

1Tehri DamBhagirathiUttarakhand260.55753540

2Lakhwar DamYamunaUttarakhand204451580

3Idukki DamPeriyarKerala1693661996.3

4Bhakra DamSatlujHimachal Pradesh167.64518.16

5Pakal Dul DamMarusudarJammu & Kashmir1673050.1254

6Sardar Sarover Gujarat DamNarmadaGujarat16312109500

7Srisailam (N.S.R.S.P) DamKrishnaAndhra Pradesh1455128722

8Ranjit Sagar DamRaviPunjab1456173.28

9Baglihar DamCHENABJammu & Kashmir143364.362428.28

10Chemera I DamRaviHimachal Pradesh140295391.3

11Cheruthoni (Eb) DamCheruthoniKerala138.386511996.3

12Pong DamBeasHimachal Pradesh132.591950.78570

13Jamrani DamGolaUttarakhand130.6465208.6

14Subansiri Lower HE (Nhpc) DamSubansiriArunachal Pradesh1302841365

15Ramganga DamRamgangaUttarakhand127.56302448

16Nagarjuna Sagar DamKrishnaAndhra Pradesh124.66486511561.3

17Kakki (Eb) DamKakkiKerala116.13336.19455.02

18Nagi DamNagiBihar113.5188410.8029

19Salal (Rockfill And Concrete ) DamChenabJammu & Kashmir11348728.5

20Lakhya DamLakhya holeKarnataka1081048273.79

21Sholayar DamSholayarTamil Nadu105.161244.18152.7

22Koyna DamKoynaMaharashtra103.02807.722980.68

23Idamalayar (Eb) DamIdamalayarKerala1023731089.8

24Supa DamKali NadiKarnataka101331.294178

25Karjan DamKarjanGujarat100903630

26Kulamavu (Eb) DamKilivillithodeKerala1003851996.3

27Koteshwar DamBhagirathiUttarakhand97.5300.588.9

28Lower : PPSP DamWest Bengal9531016

29Doyang Hep DamDoyangNagaland92462565

30Rihand DamRihandUttar Pradesh91.4693210600

31Indira Sagar (NHDC) DamNarmadaMadhya Pradesh91.465412200

32Warna DamVarnaMaharashtra88.81580974.188

33Bhatsa DamBhatsa and chornaMaharashtra88.5959976.1

34Pillur DamBhavaniTamil Nadu8835744.4

35Upper Kodayar DamKodayarTamil Nadu8816698.51

36Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango DamHasdeoChhattisgarh87554.53417

37Jakham Main DamJakham (mahi)Rajasthan87253142.02

38Teesta -V (NHPC) DamTeestaSikkim86.8176.513.5

39Lower Ghatghar DamMaharashtra86.144493.21

40Kallada (Parappar) (Id) DamKalladaKerala85.35335524

41Madupetty (Eb) DamPalarKerala85.34237.7455.23

42Parbati II DamParbatiHimachal Pradesh85101.56.55

43Chakra DamChakraKarnataka84570222.6

44Bandardhara DamParavaraMaharashtra82.352717312.6

45Lower Vaitarna DamVaitarnaMaharashtra82567.07204.98

46Ukai DamTapiGujarat8149277497

47Upper Aliyar DamAliyarTamil Nadu81315

48Aruna DamArunaMaharashtra80.41124093.378

49Upper Bhavani DamBhavaniTamil Nadu80419101.2

50Podagada DamPodagada77.54622300