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IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF FOREST AND LAND REHABILITATION
IN CIAMIS, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
ITTO PROJECT PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F)
MARCH 1st, 2006 – MAY 31st, 2008
Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest Land
Involving Local Communities in West Java Indonesia
iii
Subarudi @2008 by Forestry Service of Ciamis District (FSCD) and International Tropical Timber
Organization (ITTO)
This publication was made possible by the generous grant from the ITTO, Yokohama,
Japan
Published by
ITTO PROJECT PD 271/04 Rev.3 (F)
Forestry Service of Ciamis District
Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia
Available from
ITTO Project, FSCD Phone/Fax : 62-265-772276
Website: http : www.dephut.go.id/rlps/itto pd271
www. forda-mof.org/itto pd271
Email : [email protected] or [email protected]
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PREFACE
As mentioned in the Logical Framework of Project ITTO PD 271/04 Rev. 3
(F) “Rehabilitation of Degrdaed Forest Land Involving Local Communities
in West Java, Indonesia”, the project should make a report of forest and
land rehabilitation (FLR) in Ciamis as a verification for project indicator.
The target of total land to be rehabilitated during the project
implementation was aproximately 2,000 hectares with at least four wood
species.
Another report to be prepared by the project was the establishment of
monitoring and evaluation system on FLR as one of project outputs.
Actually, the report of establishment of monitoring and evaluation system
on FLR has been completed by the winning consultant (PT Surveyor
Indonesia) for those activity through a bidding process. However, the
report was made in Indonesia Language.
The report of implementatation, monitoring and evaluation of FLR in
Ciamis is a combination report for both activities of the FLR
implementation and the FLR monitoring and evaluation system. This
report would be a Project Technical Report Series Number 03.
In this occasion, We would like to express our sincere thanks and
appreciation to ITTO, all PSC members, project management and FSCD
staffs, PT Surveyor Indonesia, and local communities involving in FRL for
their support, worth inputs, guidance and constructive improvement
during the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of FLR activities
in Ciamis.
Finally, it hoped that this report would be useful for readers who really
need it.
Ciamis, May 01, 2008
Project Team Leader
(Signed) Ir. Subarudi, MSc
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TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF PICTURES LIST OF APPENDICES
iii iv v vi vii
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background 1.2. Aim and Objectives
1
1 2
II. IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREST AND LAND REHABILITATION
2.1. Seedling Sources 2.2. Precondition of Forest and Land Rehabiliation Activity 2.3. Distribution of Seedlings 2.4. Implementation of Forest and Land Rehabilitation
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3 5 6 9
III. ESTABLISHMENT OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM ON FOREST AND LAND REHABILITATION
3.1. Background Information 3.2. Methodology 3.3. Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation System on
Forest and Land Rehabilitation with GIS Application 3.4. Development of Activity Implmentation 3.5. Activity Implementation
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11 12
16 1724
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1. Conclusion 4.2. Recommendations
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25 25
APPENDICES
27
vi
List of Tables
Table 1. List of forest trees developed in Ciamis Table 2. Development of precondition on forest and land rehabilitation in Ciamis from 2003-2007. Table 3. Target and realization of forest and land rehabilitation in Ciamis from 2004-2007
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6
10
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List of Figures Figure 1. Establishment of village as sustainable private forest management unit
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Figure 2. System of seedling production and administration from nursery to planting location in community’s lands
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Figure 3. Standard operating procedures for seedlings distribution 9 Figure 4. Design of monitoring and evaluation system on FLR Figure 5. Scheme of information group handlingfor MES on FLR Figure 6. Scheme of role of MES on FLR application Implemention Figure 7. Scheme of working step on map data arrangment on MES on FLR application by using Map Info
13
17
18
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Figure 8. Scheme of map handling in Map Info Figure 9. Menu working unit information for MES on FLR framework Figure 10. Example of GUI for forestry monitoring system application in Ciamis
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20
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Figure 11. Appearence of Map Info Software 21 Figure 12. Process of map printing and editing Figure 13. Map Info translator universal facility
21
22
Figure 14. Menu of Map Info thematic mapping
23
Figure 15. Example of report in crystal report for Map Info format
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List of Appendices Appendix 1. Standard operating procedure for seedlings distribution
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Appendix 2. Realization of seedling distribution from ITTO nursery
29
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PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Indonesia has 126.8 million ha of forests. It places Indonesia at third world position of the widest tropical forest after Brazil and Zaire. It has function as the lung of the world and the overcoming of the global climate change. In the global aspect, the bio diversity in Indonesia is the second biggest position in the world after Colombia. The forest resources have a function as one of the components of life supporting system. It has to be managed wisely for giving contributions and benefits optimally. In fact, both state and private forest resources in Indonesia are beneficial as the main capital in national economy development, for instance for the economic growth, job opportunities and regional development. Ciamis District has 35.007,88 ha (14.3%) of state forest. It consists of 28,893.1 ha forest area that its utilization right is given to the Perum Perhutani of Ciamis and 6,144,7 ha are given to the Agency of Natural Resources Conservation (BKSDA) of West Java (Technical Service Unit of Forestry Ministry). However, this number is far from an ideal condition (30%) as the ecosystem stabilizer in a watershed management system. In last 50 years, forest area in Indonesia decreases 40%, from 162 million ha to 98 million ha. In order to solve this problem, the Forestry Service of Ciamis District (FSCD) has conducted several rehabilitation projects. One of the project is financed by the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). One of its project activities is implementation of forest and land rehabilitation (FLR) that use the planting materials from the ITTO nursery facility. Another activity is the establishment of monitoring and evaluation system on FLR. The FLR implementation in Ciamis has been conducetd for long time. However, it would be reviewed by the project for the last 5 years period (2003-2007). There are many financial sources received by the FSCD for rehabilitating its degaraded forests and lands. At the beginning, the establishment of Monitoring and Evaluation System (MES) on FLR is directed to monitor and evaluate the implementation of FLR in FSCD. Based on the need analysis of forestry development plan in Ciamis District, the establishment of MES on FLR should fit with the vision and mission of forestry development in Ciamis District. Therefore, the MES on FLR covers the information management from the following aspects:
1. general; 2. watershed management system; 3. FLR; 4. production; 5. product manufacturing; 6. market; and 7. institutional strengthening
The MES of FLR aspects must be synergized with the forestry development activity in Ciamis including the middle term and long term development plan. Therefore, both project
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activities should be well implemented and reported in order to obtain effective and efficient implementation of FLR in Ciamis. 1.2. Aim and Objectives The aim of this paper is the reporting of the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of FLR activities for the last 5 year. Meanwhile, the objectives of the paper are: (a) to inform the FLR implemented by FSCD, and (b) to identify the establishment process of MES on FLR.
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PART II IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREST AND LAND REHABILITATION
The implementation of forest and land rehabilitation (FLR) in Ciamis would be discussed from many aspects, such as (i) seedling sources, (ii) precondition of FLR activity, (iii) distribution of seedling for FLR, and (iv) implementation of tree planting.
2.1. Seedling Sources
2.1.1. Movement on Degraded Land Rehabilitation (GRLK)
At West Java, there are 8 (eight) degraded watersheds (DAS) that require a serious improvement, namely DAS: Citarum, Ciliwung, Cimanuk, Citanduy, Cisadane, Cimandiri. Cipunegara and Cisanggarung. As indication, the total of degraded forest and land to be rahabilitated is around 580,000 ha (data for year 2004).
The total forest area in West Java is ± 816,603 ha (based on the Minestre Decree No. 195/Kpts-II/2003, dated July 04, 2003 with the classification of production forest (48 %), conservation forest (16 %), and protection forest (36 %).
The condition of degraded forest and land in West Java has widely spread out over its region. The destruction of up-stream watersheds (DAS) create the flooding and landslide disasters that cause the dead and loose of people’s wealth. The efforts of forest and land rehabilitation is not balance with the rate of forest and land destruction. The causes of degraded watersheds condition are: (1) vulnerable (geo-morphology) natural condition for erosion, flooding, severe dry, and landslide; (2) high rain intensity that is potentially eroded the lands; and (3) human activity, such as illegal logging and forest encroachment, land and forest fires, neglection of land utilization from soil and land conservation principles.
The two implication of degraded forest and land are (i) physical environment and (ii) social economic aspect. Physical environment destruction are indicated by (a) land vegetation covering in the captured rain area decreases, (b) in the rainy season, it increases flooding, soil erosion and landslide, and (c) in the dry season, it produces severe dry with cracked land condition. Social economic aspect is threated by (a) disturbing of people’s livelihood, (b) big losses as a results of natural disaster, (c) threat of infrastructures as a product of national or regional development, and (d) loss of biodiversity and ecosystem’s benefits.
The data on victim of flooding and landslide in West Java (up to February 11,2007) are as follows” (i) 18 people died, (ii) 109,591 families (419,084) exodus, (iii) 117,407 units of sank houses, (iv) 1,106 unit of light destructed houses, (v) 525 units of severe destructed houses, (vi) 139 units of broken houses, and (vii) the flooded area of 32,333 ha (108 sub-districts at 14 districts/cities) is less than the impact area of February, 2006 (106,000 ha). Efforts of land rehabilitation and soil conservation were carried out by the Forestry Service of West Java Province (FSWJP), namely: (i) regreening project since Pelita I, (ii) planting movement (Rakgantang), (iii) one million tree planting movement, (iv) Instruction of President for reforestation and aforestation, (v) projects for rehabilitation of Citanduy,
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Cimanuk, Cilutung and Citarik, (vi) Credit scheme policy (KUK-DAS, KU-HR), KU-PA), (vii) Citarum Bergetar, (viii) Regional Movement on Dedgraded Land rehabilitaton (GRLK) and National Movement on Forest and Land Rehabilitation (GNRHL). Movement on degraded land rehabilitation (Gerakan Rehabilitasi Lahan Kritis-GRLK) was lauched by the Forestry Service of West Java Province (FSWJP) since year 2002. The FSWJP given number of seedlings to all over (19) districts in West Java region.
2.1.2. National Movement on Forest and Land Rehabilitation (GNRHL)
Degraded forest and land in Indonesia has been a phenomenal issue nationally and internationally. Based on the interpretation result of the Forest Planning Agency (Baplan) 2003, indicative target of forest and land rehabilitation is 100,7 million ha consisting of 59.2 million (58.8 %) in the forest area and 41.5 million ha (41.2 %) in the outside of forest area. The latest data indicated that the deforestation rate in Indonesia achieved 2.8 million ha per year. To overcome the degraded forest and land, many efforts are required to recover and to increase the ability of forest function and productivity, such as forest and land rehabilitation (FLR) programmes. FLR program has been launched since 1970s through reforestation project, aforestation, credit scheme of private forest (Kredit Usaha Hutan Rakyat-KUHR), credit scheme of conservation on watershed (Kredit Usaha Konservasi daerah Aliran Sungai-KUK DAS), establishment of village seedling center (Kebun Bibit Desa-KBD), a seed for people program, and national rehabilitation movement (Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan-Gerhan) . GNRHL launched by President in 2003 also showed that Indonesia is really serious in the land rehabilitation. GNRHL has been designed for 5 year plan (2003-2007) with its target of 3 million ha. Until 2005, it achieves 1.3 million ha (300,000 ha in 2003, 400,000 ha in 2004, and 600,000 ha in 2005). In the GNRHL implementation in 2005 covers 600,000. Until 2007, more than 3 million ha of land have been planted from this movement. In 2008, it is targerted 1.7 million ha, distributes into 282 priority watersheds at 33 provinces in Indonesia. 2.1.3. ITTO Nursery Source
In the wood production system of private forest or LFR program, several aspects such as nursery, seedling distribution, planting, tree maintenance, and harvesting in the last cycle are involved. The nursery which will be established by Forestry Service of Ciamis District has 1 – 2 millions seedling per year (1.7 millions of seedling for exactly) of its production capacity according to the nursery design made by the PT Kreasi Prima Consultant. The type of seedling will be developed is matched with the demand of community and wood market and the Stakeholders Dialog formulation in the 5 – 15 years later as explained in Table 1.
The ITTO nursery establishment has some delayed schedule because the bidding process has been run according to the plan and the project has sent the letter no. 01/20/ITTO-IX/2006, date September 10, 2006 to the ITTO asking for the approval of the bidding winner (The copy of letter can be seen in Appendix 6), but the approval letter from ITTO was received on October 4, 2006. Besides that, in order to monitor the implementation of ITTO nursery establishment, the ITTO project has invited the national consultant (Dr. Irsyal Yasman) and the international consultant (Dr. Masahide Yamato) on nursery from November 7 to November 20, 2006 to inspect directly the field implementation of nursery establishment.
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For the operational of ITTO nursery, the project has learned the other supporting aspects for the development of the tree types, for instance: (i) the availability of local seed sources, (ii) the establishment of seed source by FSCD on 3 hectares area of land with Rasamala, Suren, and Manglid trees, (iii) establishment of seed orchard unit by using silviculture system on 50 hectares area of land, and (iv) the presence of village seedling orchard units (Kebun Bibit Desa) which are still active and non active in its operation. Table 1. List of forest trees developed in Ciamis
No. Local Name of Wood’s Type
Name of Latin Name of Family Production (%)
1. Manglid/Baros Manglietia glauca Magnoliaceae 30
2. Pulai/Lame Alstonia scolaris Apocaceae 10
3. Tisuk Hibiscus macrophyllus Malvaceae 10
4. Mahogany Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae 10
5. Teak Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 10
6. White Teak Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae 5
7. Meranti Shorea spp Dipterocarpacea 5
8. Suren Toona sureni Meliaceae 5
9. Rasamala Altingia excelsa 5
10. Carui.Bayur Peronema canesten Sterculiaceae 10
12. Multipurposes of tree species Durian Rambutan
Durio spp Nephelium domesticum
The existence of ITTO nursery has to be utilized maximally in order to maintain the continuity of its nursery production process. As a result of Stakeholder Dialog, the management of ITTO nursery must be done by using collaborative management between FSCD and the local community. The scheme should be considered is that the seedling given to the people is not free, but using subsidy system. In the first year the seedling price is 25% of its price in market, then 50% in the second year, 75% in the third year, and finally 100% in the fourth year or equal with the market price (production cost).
2.2. Precondition of Forest and Land Rehabilitation Activity
Precondition of FLR activies was carried by the Forestry Service of Ciamis District through (i) socialization of FLR program, (ii) training on FLR caders, (iii) establishment of dam controll, gully plug, dam terace, and water catchment wells, (iv) giving stimulant aids, and (v) other trainings on FLR economic support. The development of precondition on FLR acttivity from 2003-2007 can be seen in Table 2.
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Table 2. Development of precondition on FLR activity in Ciamis from 2003-2007
No. FLR Precondition Activities No of Unit
GRLK GNRHL
1. Socialization of FLR program - No of participants - No of involved Sub-district
Person Unit
990 19
- -
2. Training on FLR caders - No of participants - No of involved Sub-district
Person Unit
180
5
1,920
38
3. Establishment of FLR technical building - Dam controll - Dam terrace - Gully plug - Water catchment wells
Unit Unit Unit Unit
- - - -
1 19 26 15
4. Giving of stimulant aids - No of received farmer group - No of involved Sub-district
Group Unit
5 5
- -
5. Other trainings on FLR economic support (No of participants) - Cultivation of wood mushroom - Bamboo craft making
Person Person
50 50
- -
Total of Participants Total of FLR technical units
Person Unit
1,280 -
1,920 61
Source: Annual Accountable Report of Forestry Service of Ciamis District (2003-2007).
2.3. Distribution of Seedlings
The production system development of private forest products in LFR pattern design by ITTO Project PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F) can be seen in figure 1.
3. 4.
Figure 1. The Establishment of a Village as Sustainable Private forest Management Unit
ITTO
Nursery
Seedling
Distribution
Distribution
Mechanism
ITTO Model
Village
LFR Model
(Degraded Land)
Business Model of
Sustainable Private
Forest
Village as Sustainable
Private Forest
Management Unit
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The seedling distribution as a result of ITTO nursery will be focused on the three main units (model village, LFR model, and private forest business). It requires a seedling distribution mechanism as agreed before, that is from farmer to farmer group, then to the village, and sub-district. The proposal of seedling demand from sub-district will be continued to the Forestry Service of District. The determination of seedling allocation percentage is depended on the LFR priority set by FSCD.
In order to form the village as a sustainable private forest management unit (SPFMU), there are several aspects need consideration, for instance: (i) the existence of nursery, (ii) seedling distribution and its mechanism, (iii) the determination of model village, (iv) LFR model, and (v) private forest business model.
The forming of village models is based on the stratification of geographical condition of Ciamis District which is covering northern part, central part, and southern part of Ciamis District. This stratification is based on the result of learning and experience of forestry extension workers in the field. It is related to social, culture and economic aspects of community in the area of forestry plantation. Each stratum is determined by two model villages which are based on the upstream – downstream location to see its relationship in watershed management system (DAS).
In forming the model village, several important aspects are considered, such as: (i) time and the tree matching (the quality of given seedling, quick to grow, meet with people’s demand), (ii) planting pattern that should be suitable with the biophysics, social, and economic of community (agroforestry, agrosilvopastery, agrofishery, agrosilvofishery forestry) and (iii) its institutional management.
The determination of an appropriate plantation pattern for people can be conducted through the pre-survey activity (baseline study) to portrait the village model condition in relation to the activity of rehabilitation, land use efficiency, and land use optimization. LFR model selection will be done by evaluating the condition of biophysics and edapis of land and forest condition which is going to be rehabilitated so that there are two main activities: (i) the planting process by using the appropriate trees (vegetative) and (ii) the making of technical civil construction (terrace) for land and water conservation activity.
The model of private forest business is conducted by assisting the advanced farmer groups in managing their private forest by opening the high quality seed stores as an effort to improve their land productivity and to increase their income. The final goal of forming of village, LFR, and private forest business models is to create a village as SPFMU where its criteria and indicator have been tentatively made. They can be still debatable and discussed furthermore.
2.3.1. Nursery Administration System
ITTO nursery will use seed tracking system where the origin of seed processed in germination house until the house of replacement can be known. Therefore the nursery administration has to be empowered in supporting this seed tracking system. The implemented system can be seen in Figure 2.
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T1 T1 T1
T2 T2 T2
T2 T2
T2
T4 T4
T4
Tn Tn Tn
Seed Orchard
Germination House
House of Replacement
Divided Point
Figure 2. System of Seedling Production and Administration from Nursery to the Planting Location in Community’s Land Area
Figure 2 explained the flow of seed production from the registered seed orchard. The seed is cropped and collected from its tree of seed. Next, the seed got from the big tree (T1) is processed in germination house and marked as T1. Seed T1 is moved to the house of replacement for seedling maintenance until it is ready to be planted. Then the ready to be planted – seedling is transported to the divided point close to the planting location. After that, Seedling T1 taken from the divided point is planted in community’s land area and marked as tree T1.
The growth of seedling T1 planted in field will be written and observed every month or in certain period then compared with other Seedling T1 grows in other farmer’s land. The record keeping of the seedling grows until become a Tree T1 will be a guidance of seed origin test. If the growth of Tree T1 is fast and has straight tree stalk and cylinder hence the Tree T1 in community’s land area can be a producer of high quality seed.
People can sell this high quality seed to the basis or plasma nursery units or they process and produce it so that they can be a distributor/agent of high quality seedlings.
After knowing the growth and genitive of Seed T1, the basis nursery unit can use this seed to be planted in certain area to be a seed orchard in supporting the seedling production in nursery.
2.3.2. Administration of Seedling Distribution
As mentioned earlier, seedling distribution from ITTO nursery to the three main priority units (model village, LFR model and private forest business) requires three-seedling distribution flows, i.e. from the farmer to the farmer group then continued to the village and the sub-district. Finally, the seedling demand would be continued to the FSCD. The seedling distribution percentage is determined made by the FSCD on the basis of its main priority.
In order to clarify the seedling distribution mechanism, the project has created the basic procedure of free seedling request from the ITTO nursery to make easy for the applicants and for finding out the exact planting location of the distributed seedling. SOP of seedling distribution keeps the transparency and accountability of seedling distribution activity. The validation of planting location is conducted by the project together with the forestry extension officers by visiting directly to the planting location proposed by the applicants (Figure 3). The copy of the standar operating procedure (SOP) can be seen in Appendix 1.
Community’s Land
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Figure 3. Standard Opetaing Procedures for Seedling Distribution 2.4. FLR Implementation Implementation of FLR in Ciamis are intensively carried out by many parties. The budget source for FLR activity came from various fainacial sources, namely: (i) central government budget (for GNRHL activity); (ii) provincial government budget (for GRLK); (iii) district budget (for routine FLR activity); and (iv) self-financed community (for planting tree on their lands). The implementation of FLR activity in Ciamis from 2004-2007 has achieved the target area of forest and land to be rehabiltated as shown in Table 3. Table 3 indicated that the target of FLR area was achieved in year 2007 with the total of rehabiltated area of 22,599.9 ha. The planted area in the community and other has a higher realization of FLR in 2007. The reason for this, ITTO nursery has contributed aroud 603,922 seedlings that are ready to be distributed and planted to local communities.
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Table 3. Target and realization of forest and land rahabilitation in Ciamis from 2004-2007.
No. Sources Year of FLR implementation (in ha) Rehabilitated
Of FLR 2004 2005 2006 2007 Area (ha)
(1) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) I. Targeted Area (ha) 22,309.3 14,408.4 9,648.4 8,113.4 0
1. GNRHL 2,470.0 2,250.0 535.0 460.0 5,715.0
2. GRLK 292.5 2,436.0 1,000.0 84.0 3,812.0
3. Routine FLR 407.0 74.0 - 383.0 864.0
4. Community & other 4,731.5 - - 7.476.9 12,208.4
II. Realization (ha) 7,901.0 4,760.0 1,535.0 8,403.9 22,599.9
III. Balance (I-II) 14,408.4 9,648.4 8,113.4 0
In the project document, the target of rehabilitated forestland is 2,000 hectares that demanded around 600,000 seedlings (the assumption of 1 ha degraded forestland requires 300 seedlings). It means the realization of rehabilitated area during the ITTO project implementation was around 2,013.7 ha. This figure was more that the project targetted areas.
The planting materials were distributed to 30 sub-districts and involved 54 farmer groups, 64 village units, 14 sub-district units, 10 government institutions, and 32 individual persons. The total number of people participated in tree planting is 1,741 people (assumption 1 farmer group = 20 person as its member, 1 village involved 7 persons, 1 sub district included 10 persons, and 1 government institution involved 5 persons). The detail information on number of seedlings distributed to various project stakeholders can be seen in Appendix 2.
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PART III ESTABLISHMENT OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM ON FLR 3.1 Background Information The establishment of MES on FLR is one of the ITTO Project PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F) outputs. This work of establishment of MES on FLR was implemeted through a bidding process and the winning consultant was PT Surveyor Indonesia. The whole explanation on this section was taken from the final (Indonesian languange) report of PT Surveyor Indonesia. 3.1.1. Aim and Objectives The aim of this activity is the availability of up-to-date information regarding the rehabilitation of degraded forest and land in Ciamis District. Meanwhile, the objectives of the development of MES on FLR are:
(1) to assist the FSCD in monitoring and evaluation of FLR immediately and exactly; (2) to establish the decision and policy making supporting system for FSCD in
implementing the forest rehabilitation; (3) to assist the FSCD in preparing the general planning in forestry development in
Ciamis.
3.1.2. Benefits The making and using of MES on FLR gives the following benefits:
1. to make sure the implementation of degraded FLR in Ciamis; 2. to support the data availability and updating continuously; 3. to make easy the administration process in allocating budget and its realization; 4. to smoothly carry out the reporting process of FLR implementation from each
coordinator; 5. to evaluate quickly the achievement of working performance of the institutions that
are related to the FLR in Ciamis; 6. to arrange easily the FLR plan for the next year; and 7. to optimize the human resources (including the farmer group, NGO and forestry
extension officers) involved in FLR program. 3.1.3. The Scope of Activities
The scope of activities for monitoring and evaluation system covers the following activities: 1. data preparation and identification for finding the available data, the condition and
position of spatial and non-spatial data; 2. field survey for required primary and secondary data collection; 3. verifying the available secondary data with the field condition;
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4. arranging the analysis of monitoring and evaluation system on the area of degraded forest and land rehabilitation in Ciamis; this activity is conducted in the same time with the field survey;
5. the establishment of database application software on FLR monitoring and evaluation where the software is accessible for the client computer under FSCD working unit; this activity is simultaneously implemented with the data collection and system analysis;
6. installation of MES application between the server and the client computer; 7. arranging the manual book of operational of MES application; and 8. training on MES application operational. 3.1.4. Outputs The activity of monitoring and evaluation system formulation is expected to be able to give: 1. the availability of FLR monitoring and evaluation system application program in FSCD
that is accessible for the client computers under the FSCD working units with an assumption that the LAN (Local Area Network) system has been built;
2. The availability of FLR monitoring and evaluation system application software in CD-R media;
3. the availability of MES manual book; 4. the availability of human resources for operating the application of MES on FLR. 3.2. Methodology Methodology used in the establishment of MES on FLR involved (i) logical framework, (ii) data analysis, (iii) data base establishment with Map Info, and (iv) establishment of MES on FLR. 3.2.1. Logical Framework The establishment of MES on FLR consists of two working activities, namely: the establishment of FLR database and the establishment of FLR monitoring and evaluation application. The both activities are carried out with separated input and process and then integrated from one to another. The establishment of application is conducted in parallel because the both activities have a linked application. It involves three steps, i.e. input, process, and output. Input is everything required in establishment, which is brain ware, hardware, and software. Process is the establishment activity that involve the human resources more than other. Meanwhile, the output is the measured products based on the objective of the activity. From the discussion result with the FSCD and ITTO project, the design of expected monitoring and evaluation system is illustrated in Figure 4.
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QualityImprovement Of
Forestry HRD
Use Of LandFunction For
Development OfPrivate Forests
InstitutionalImprovement Of
Sustainable PrivateForest Business
Development OfPartnership Network
For Private ForestBusiness
Prosperty Improvementand Active Participation Of
Community InForestry Management
Information System On LFR MONEY
LFR Database
SpatialDatabase
AttributeDatabase
MetadataDatabase
LFR Money Database Application
INPUTForestry Development Activity In Ciamis District
OUTPUTMAP, TABEL, REPORT, GRAPHIC
LFR ProductionForest
ProductMarket
InstitutionalSystem General
WMU(DAS)
Figure 4. Design of monitoring and evaluation system on FLR 3.2.2. The Data Analysis It is agreed on the basis of the FSCD’s need, six forestry model villages are determined, they are: (1) Sindanglaya Village at Sukamantri Sub-District; (2) Lumbung Village at Lumbung Sub-District; (3) Cisaga Village at Cisaga Sub-District; (4) Karangsari Village at Padaherang Sub-District; (5) Harumandala Village at Cigugur Sub-District; and (6) Cimerak Village at Cimerak Sub-District. From the data analysis and inventory of the six model villages under FSCD, the following results are obtained: 1. General Data
The general criteria for the forestry model village will perform the following data: a. Human development index of Ciamis District;
This data will show the poor community with the following criteria: “BPS (Statistical Center Bureau) (1999) described that if the community does not able to fulfill 2100 calories of food consumption in a day and the house, clothes, basic health, basic education, transportation and other goods and services, then they are in poor category. Meanwhile, the community who are not able to fulfill 1800 calories of food consumption in a day is in very poor category”. It is briefly concluded as follow:
Poor community = consumption fulfillment ability ≥ 2100 calories/day Very poor community = consumption fulfillment ability ≥ 1800 calories/day
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b. Regional Characteristic (Biophysics) c. Physical Regional Characteristic d. Utilization of Plantation Area e. Utilization of Rural Land Area f. Utilization of Urban Land Area g. Utilization Certain Land Area h. Land Coverage i. Forest Based on Its Function j. Land Coverage k. RTRW of Area l. RTRW of Hilly Area
2. Watershed Management System (WMS) The data that will be showed in WMS criteria are: a. rainfall b. contour and slope c. type of soil d. WMS climatology e. WMS morfometry
f. debit of river and muddy g. facilities of lake watering building h. dam i. dam checking j. weir k. utilization of protection area
3. Data of FLR Data of FLR covers the following things: a. FLR activities b. Evaluation on FLR activities c. Private Forest d. Land system and type of soil e. Land coverage f. Degraded land
4. Data of Production
a. Food plants b. Backyard’s commodity c. Forestry production d. Private forest production
5. Data of Product Manufacturing a. Sawmill production in Ciamis District b. Sawmill location c. Types of forestry product manufacturing
6. Data of Market a. Forest product circulation b. Circulation of wood products
7. Data of Institutional
a. NGO b. Guidance c. Extension d. Farmer group
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3.2.3. The Database Establishment in MapInfo Application Modeling of Geographical Information System (GIS) In the MapInfo software, the following things are conducted: a. Data Entry
GPS field data, result of field survey with GPS especially POI (Point of Interest) guidance
Additional map data, for example the map from Bakosurtanal and the basic map made by other institutions (geology map, climate map, HPH (forest utilization right) border map, etc
Satellite data to make the basic mapping
b. Raster Editing
Conducting the satellite registered data to make another basic map
c. Vector Editing
Editing on vector data, overshoot, undershoot, dangle, node, vertex, smoothing, etc
d. Table Editing In this editing process, the following things are conducted by:
Adding the new columns
Formulating certain formulas that is put in certain column
e. Thematic Arrangement The thematic arrangement is pointed to a value in certain column in an attribute table of related map. The map element consists of point, line, or polygon. Each line represents one object in one map element. For example, the map of district administration boundary where there are five sub-districts inside of it. It makes there are five lines inside the attribute table of this map and Sub-District A will be represented by one line.
f. Report Printing Report of table for each map uses the “crystal reports” (*.RPT) format. It makes the installation of “crystal report” has to be activated when the MapInfo is being installed. The resulted report is a printed map or known as the hardcopy.
GPS field data
Additional map data, source: Bakosurtanal, private, etc
Iconos/QB satellite data as the basic mapping input
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3.3. Establishment of FLR Monitoring and Evaluation with GIS Application The application of Monitoring and Evaluation System for FLR will be established by using Visual Basic program. Each step on this application establishment is explained as follow: 3.3.1. The Preparation Step of the Project
At this step, the FLR data analysis is conducted to determine the spatial data layers that will represent special theme. Next, this data will be put into a database application system that is established as an integrated system and appropriate for the attribute data, spatial data or text data. This built system can save the data that is easy to be updated, retrieved and accessed by one or more end users. 3.3.2. The Establishment Step of MES Application on FLR The application design will be established at this step based on the FSCD’s need. The user interface from the database of MES on FLR will be established to manage the FLR tabular data. The key of this application is how to maintain the correlation and integration between the spatial feature (polygon, line or point) and the spatial database in the shape of tabular and textual database. Data Conversion As explained in the Design of FLR Monitoring and Evaluation, the data conversion will be conducted. There are two types of converted data will be used in this system, namely the spatial data (generally in the shape of map) and non-spatial data or tabular data. Spatial Data Conversion The FSCD has the digital spatial data in the shape of thematic map of forest area in Ciamis District, administration boundary, degraded land area, roads, rainfall, topography and rivers. Therefore, the spatial data conversion in this activity is not necessary. Considering the limitation of time and budget, the established application has to be matched with the availability of spatial data condition. Non-Spatial/Tabular Data Conversion The tabular data are the data of planting, population, farmer group etc. Most of them are in analogue form that has to be converted into the digital form. The database application that will be established for FLR Monitoring and Evaluation will be used as the data entry tool. Those data will be save in database format (Microsoft Access or Microsoft Excel) based on the end user’s need. Next, it will be combined with the spatial data. The basic of spatial and non-spatial data are joined to be processed in an application system of FLR Monitoring and Evaluation, where its outputs are the information such as map, graph, table or metadata as shown in Figure 4.
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3.3.3. The Project Output Step The result of establishment of MEIS – FLR is a database application system in a CD, the digital database in a CD, and the manual book of MEIS – FLR operational. The system installation and trial process will be conducted in the server that has been prepared by the FSCD. The training will be given to the staffs of FSCD who operate this application system and its database. The training will be conducted in four days. 3.4. Development of Activity Implementation 3.4.1. Database and Application
The Software of MEIS – FLR has function to perform, monitor, and evaluate the activities sequence and flow on working unit in FSCD. There are five information of working unit in FSCD that are monitored and evaluated on the software. They are:
Information of protection forest rehabilitation
Information of production
Information of product manufacturing
Information of market
Information of institutions In this software, two information additions are also added. They are:
Information of WMS
General information
Figure 5 (3.3). Scheme of Information Group Handling for MES on FLR
The working unit and operational activities of FSCD are accommodated through one interface that performs various thematic maps and reporting based on its working units. It makes this software become a bridge in performing, monitoring and evaluating the activity of FSCD on the development of protection forest rehabilitation.
MEIS – FLR
Information of DAS
General Information
Information of protection forest
rehabilitation
Information of
production
Information of product
manufacturing
Information
of market
Information of
institutional
Note:
The main
working area
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Various information of each working unit’s activity can be presented in map and report, where periodically can be displayed, added and updated by the human resources in each working units. It is expected the monitoring and evaluation process on protection forest rehabilitation in this software can operate continuously. The thematic maps and the activity report that are stored in this software will be a valuable input in policy making, concept and target arranging, monitoring and evaluation on activity implementation, and becoming the activity documentation and reporting through the reporting and maps.
Figure 6. (3.4). Scheme of Role of MES on FLR Application
The above figure shows how the MEIS – FLR plays many roles in monitoring and evaluation of protection forest rehabilitation. Almost every working unit in sub-activity can be handled by this software. Every working unit can arrange the concept and target of new activity and implement a monitoring and evaluation on various operational activities by using the information such as:
Basic maps, such as the administration map from the province to the village stage, road map, river map, contour map, map of land using, land shape map, etc.
The thematic maps as the analysis result such as: map of degraded land location, map of people’s growth, WMS and Sub-WMS maps, map of forest product circulation, geological map, map of poor village area, rainfall map, land map, map of farmer group location and its activities, map of trading center, map of public facility location, etc.
Pictures and other documents that are arranged the map complement.
Various reports as the outputs of MapInfo Crystal Report software. The MEIS – FLR software is established by using the MapInfo. To run this software, the licensed MapInfo has to be installed in the PC/laptop.
Working area
Activity concept
and target
Activity
implementation
Documentation
and reporting
Evaluation and
monitoring
MEIS on FLR
SIG
Table
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Figure 7 (3.5). Scheme of Working Step on Map Data Arrangement on MEIS – FLR Application by Using MapInfo
The above scheme shows how the relation between the software of MEIS – FLR with MapInfo to the monitoring and evaluation of working unit information in FSCD. All data updating, adding, reducing and arranging regarding the activity implementation, monitoring and evaluation are conducted on MapInfo software. After passing the MapInfo, the collected information in a MapInfo sheet will automatically become an information part in MEIS – FLR. The MapInfo software is used to build and present the thematic maps. Inside of it, there are functions of map-making (input), digital mapping analysis (process), ready to print map presentation (output). MapInfo software can save the information in files form in the PC/laptop. There are three information produced in the MapInfo software, namely:
Working sheet file format (*.WOR);
Mapping file format (*.TAB/MIF);
Reporting file format (*.RPT).
Figure 8 (3.6). Scheme of Map Handling in MapInfo
One of workspace file format (*.WOR) handles one map thematic group. For example, the Regional Map (*.WOR) that consists of administration map (*.tab), road map (*.tab), river map (*.tab) and map of POI point from the GPS (*.tab). MES on FLR has a function to display the processing result of MapInfo software in the working sheet file (*.WOR). Each working unit is represented by one working unit. MES on FLR is able to display 7 working sheet files that consists of 5 main working units that
Working area
Concept and
target
Activity
implementation
Evaluation and
monitoring
MEIS on FLR
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represent the FSCD plus 2 more working sheet files for handling the general and WMS information.
Figure 9 (3.7). Menu of Working Unit Information on MES on FLR
Figure 10 (3.8). The example of GUI from forestry monitoring and evaluation application in Ciamis
3.4.2. Database and Application Manual At present, the database manual book has been arranged as an operational manual for MapInfo software. It will be used for the training of GSI database making by using MapInfo 9.0. The Basic Training of Digital Mapping by Using MapInfo
The MapInfo software is used to establish and present the thematic map and reporting. Inside of it, there are functions of map-making (input), GIS analysis (process), and presentation of ready to be printed map and report (output). The result of information processing in MapInfo software will be an output of MapInfo software. During the training of basic digital mapping by using MapInfo, the training participants will directly practice the training material (learning by doing). It is expected that they can practice
21
and develop the MapInfo software that becomes the basic presentation on MEIS – FLR application. The goal of the training of basic digital mapping is to make each training participant is able to understand how the GIS works in producing the information of certain working unit by using the thematic maps and reporting. This training covers the following things.
Concept of digital mapping in MapInfo software The digital mapping is a system that makes the map interacts with the attribute data to produce the thematic maps.
Each map object is one of the map elements (point/line/polygon) will be represented by one row in this attribute table. Meanwhile, the columns are the information sequences that complement the map object. For example, the District administration boundary map that contains 5 sub-districts will have 5 lines in the attribute table of district administration boundary map at Sub-District A is represented by one line.
Various analyses in this map model are a kind of interaction between map and table of attribute data that complements it.
Cartography concept The explanation regarding the basic rule of map presentation will be showed by the rule of map direction and the using of bar chart, pie chart, color, map scale, etc.
The explanation on function and menus in MapInfo software The aims of MapInfo software are to display, to process and to present the thematic maps. Various menus in MapInfo can be classified into the following classification: Pulldown menu is the entire menu facilities in MapInfo. Standard tools are the menu for accessing the main map tools. Main tools are used for map navigation and layer control. Drawing tools are used for drawing the map object.
Figure 11 (3.9). The appearance of MapInfo software
The making and editing of vector map This training is aimed to explain how the map editing process is conducted to the MapInfo software. The vector data editing is conducted to various condition of dongle overshoot, undershoot, dangle, node, vertex, smoothing, etc.
Figure 12 (3.10). Process of map making and editing
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The appearance of various kinds of format There are various map formats, for instance the AutoCAD (*.DXF/*.DWG), ESRI (*.SHP), and MapInfo (*.TAB/*.MIF). This training is aimed to explain how to display the maps in various formats in MapInfo software.
Figure 13 (3.11). MapInfo Translator Universal Facility
The formulation of digital mapping database The training participants obtain the material of how the attribute table and map interact one to another in producing the thematic maps, how to add the new columns in the attribute table, and how to formulate certain formulation (query) in a column of attribute table.
The formulation of thematic maps The thematic map is a map that contains information with certain criteria through several cartography presentations. This thematic map is a key of information analysis that will be presented in information of each working unit in MEIS – FLR. The use of various thematic facilities in MapInfo will be explained in this training. Briefly, the thematic map is pointed to a value of a column in attribute table of certain map.
Process of Thematic Map Presentation in MapInfo
The presentation of the maps in thematic map format is arranged in one of menus in MapInfo software. It is illustrated in the following figure.
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Figure 14 (3.12). Menu of MapInfo Thematic Mapping
The formulation of map layout Layout is a media of thematic maps presentation to be ready in printed format. This printing process will require the cartography system to make the printed map is easily read by its users, for instance through the display of map scale, coordinate grid, map direction, map legend, etc.
The report making Sometime, the attribute table complemented the thematic map should be presented in certain format to easily read. The presentation of the attribute table requires collaboration with other software, such as MS Excel and Crystal Repot. The theme of this training explains the steps and procedures of attribute table presentation in the format of MS Excel and Crystal Report for MapInfo Pro.
Figure 15 (3.13). The example of report in Crystal Report for MapInfo format
The application manual and MapInfo GIS software manual in Indonesia language are finished in the beginning of October 2007.
3.5. Activity Implementation
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3.5.1. Target of Activity
The target of activity of monitoring and evaluation system establishment is the implementation of degraded forest and land rehabilitation in Ciamis. It entirely becomes the responsible of the FSCD through the project of degraded forest and land rehabilitation that is financed by ITTO. 3.5.2. The Time of Implementation
The time of implementation is 66 (sixty six) days since the working contract is signed. There are several activities, which have been and will be implemented to establish the forestry MEIS in FSCD, namely: 1. The survey of data need and position in FSCD (has been implemented) 2. The data collection and conversion (is implementing) 3. The design system (is implementing) 4. Application establishment (is implementing) 5. System integration and trial (has not been implemented) 6. Training (has not been implemented) 7. Presentation (has not been implemented) 8. Reporting (the first report is implementing)
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PART IV CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1. Conclusion The seedling souces for FLR in Ciamis coming from three main souces, namely: (i) GNRHL, (ii) GRLK, and (iii) ITTO Nursery. Besides that, other activities were also carried out to support its precondition of FLR. FLR precondition involved many activities, namely: (i) socialization of FLR program, (ii) training on FLR caders, (iii) establishment of dam controll, gully plug, dam terace, and water catchment wells, (iv) giving stimulant aids, and (v) other trainings on FLR economic support. The project also created the standar operating procedures for distributing seedlings from the ITTO nursery to local communities. This SOP keeps the transparency and accountability of seedling distribution activity. The validation of planting location is conducted by the project together with the forestry extension officers by visiting directly to the planting location proposed by the applicants. Implementation of FLR in Ciamis are intensively carried out by many parties. The budget source for FLR activity came from various fainacial sources, namely: (i) central government budget (for GNRHL activity); (ii) provincial government budget (for GRLK); (iii) district budget (for routine FLR activity); and (iv) self-financed community (for planting tree on their lands). The establishment of MES on FLR in FSCD is aimed to establish a system with up to date information regarding the degraded forest and land rehabilitation in Ciamis District. Besides that, the system is expected to be able to help the FSCD (i) to carry out a decision making and monitoring immediately and accurately, (ii) to prepare the seedling planning, technical guidance in seedling planting and maintaining, and (iii) to support the policy and decision making in implementing the on targetted forest rehabilitation. Another function of the system is to be able to assist the FSCD in managing other forestry data, for instance the wood circulation, forestry model village, business opportunity, tree circulation, etc. 4.2. Recommendation The FSCD should keep and consistently implement its commitment to establish a self-sufficent village on FLR in Ciamis. This self-sufficient village would fully support the achievement of a village as a sustainable private forest management unit. According to the consultation and data inventory in FSCD, the forest MES would highly help the process of FSCD’s working implementation in various units. Therefore, the following things are recommended: (a) Human resources, in relation to the sustainability of forestry
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MEIS application operational, more than one staffs from each working unit are expected to join the training, (b) Facility, after the application system is installed in several computers in FSCD, the development of network facility such as LAN and WAN (Wider Area Network) should be considered, and (c) Maintenance, Budget for maintaining the software, hardware, supporting software and hardware of MEIS will be required.
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Appendix 1
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) PLANTING MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION MECHANISM
PROJECT ITTO PD 273/04 Rev. 3 (F) REHABILITATION OF DEGARDED FOREST LAND INVOLVING LOCAL COMMUNITIES
IN WEST JAVA
A. Land Identification and Description 1. The applicants submit the proposal letter of seedling demand to the Head of Forestry
Service of Ciamis District (FSCD) with cc. to ITTO project team leader. The letter is attached by the sketch of location, its total area, the types and quantity of require seedling and the statement letter of planting commitment.
2. Based on the proposal letter, the Head of FSCD instructs the manager of Division of Forestry Program Development (DFPD) and Division of Land and Forest Rehabilitation Program Development (DLRFP) and ITTO project to evaluate the proposal in accordance with their main tasks and functions.
3. According to its role and function, the DFPD gives task to the staffs for collecting relevant data and information on its planting activity such as land and location condition, types and quantity of seedling, land appropriateness, climate and fertilizers to determine the feasible of planting location.
4. The collected data and information as specified in point 3 will be valuable input materials dealing with planting location criteria, namely: a. Quantity and types of seedling : Presented by DLRFP b. Land appropriateness : Presented by DLRFP c. Quantity appropriateness : Presented by DLRFP d. Planting time and pattern : Presented by DLRFP e. Planning of land utilization : Presented by DLRFP f. Location readiness : Presented by DLRFP g. Sketch of location : Presented by DLRFP h. Total area of land : Presented by DLRFP i. Area mapping : Presented by DLRFP j. Physical condition of field : Presented by DLRFP k. Existing tree composition : Presented by DLRFP
5. If the evaluation result indicates that the proposed land meets the criteria to be an appointed of planting location, the location would be allocated for further seedling distribution. Next, the seedling transport will be conducted after filling the distribution form.
6. If the evaluation result rejects the proposed land as an appointed planting location, then an information letter of evaluation result that explains the reason for the refusal will be delivered to the applicants.
7. The management of DLRFP gives the recommendation to the Head of FSCD based on the evaluation result.
8. The Head of FSCD can sign the approval or refusal letter for the proposal based on his staff’s recommendation.
B. Appointed Planting Location 1. The Head of FSCD delivers the approval or refusal letter to the applicants less than 1
(one) month after the completion of field inspection. 2. The applicant as individual, a group and an organization signs the approval for of
his/her land to be planted.
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3. The letter of appointed planting location by the Head of FSCD is attached by evaluation result on land area, position, types and quantity of planting, planting distance/spacing and the statement letter of planting commitment.
4. The manager of DFPD instructs the nursery management to prepare and provide the seedling as mentioned in his letter applicant.
5. The nursery management would prepare the distribution administration system to the eligible applicant.
C. Assistance and Controlling
1. The FSCD assists the planting activity implementation by giving the guideline, direction, assistance, training and supervision according to the requirement and need of eligible applicant.
2. The FSCD controls the implementation of planting activity, maintaining, and harvesting by its monitoring and evaluation system.
3. The farmer group has to deliver the annual report of the implemented activity to the Head of FSCD at least 3 (three) months after the planting session.
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Appendix 2 The example of an application letter for seedling requirement
To: The Head of Forestry Service of Ciamis District In – Ciamis Dear Sir, Through this letter, I would like to introduce to you: My Name : Address : (Sub District/Village) Phone Number : I require (number of) seedling of forestry tree as described in the following list. Albazia : …………. seedling Teak : …………. seedling Suren : …………. seedling Manglid : …………. seedling Meranti : …………. seedling Tisuk : …………. seedling Pulai : …………. Seedling Petai : …………. seedling Durian : …………. seedling Lengkeng : …………. seedling Cacao : …………. seedling Those seedlings will be used for rehabilitation (total area) ha of degraded land and forest in ………………..……….. village. Here, we enclosed a statement letter of planting commitment and a sketch of planting location. We look forward to hearing from you regarding the evaluation of my application. Thank you for your kind attention and good collaboration. ………………………, …………………………….. Applicant, (Signature) (Full Name)
Acknowledge by: Village
(Signature) (Full Name)
Head
Forestry Extension Officer (Signature) (Full Name)
(Worker ID Number)
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STATEMENT OF PLANTING COMMITMENT
The below person signed this letter: Name : Position : Complete Address : as a representative of him/herself/farmer group/organization/institution of ……… and truly commit to the below items: 1. we are ready to plant the received seedling in the appropriate location with my own cost; 2. we are ready to bring the seedlings from its source location with my own cost; 3. we guarantee to maintain the tree up to the harvesting time; 4. we would not ask any compensation for the planted land and guarantee to keep the land
function at least for five years after planting; 5. we are ready to follow the standard operating procedure for seedling transportation and
planting technique. I declare that the above commitments are absolutely true and this can be used as its appropriate utilization.
………………….,……………………………….. Applicant, (Signature)
Rp. 6,000.00 Materai (Full Name)
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APPOINTED OF PLANTING LOCATION No:
We declare that the location of ……………………………………………………………………………. Total area of land : …………………. ha Types of plantation : (as requested) Seedling origin : Owner/organizer : (Individual/Farmer Group/Organization/Institution) Address : Location of Land: a. Village : b. Sub-district : c. Block : d. Elevation : ………… meters above the sea level has fulfilled the requirements of appointed planting location. Therefore the FSCD should distribute its seedling to this location. I truly made this statement and to be used properly.
………………….,………………………………. The Head of
Forestry Service of Ciamis District
(Full Name)
Working ID Number Note: 1. There will not be any changes on the land function/status. 2. Seedling transport and planting cost will be paid by the eligible applicant.
PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN CIAMIS
DINAS KEHUTANAN Jalan R. A. A. Kusumahsubrata No. 09. Telp. (0265) 772276 C I A M I S , Kode Pos : 46213
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SCHEME OF SEEDLING DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE FROM ITTO NURSERY
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