IMPERIALISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

REVIEW• Japan avoided European Imperialism by becoming

more like the western powers

• New Constitution created constitutional monarchy

• Japan industrialized to keep up with advanced western nations

• Sino-Japanese War & Treaty of Shimonoseki marked beginning of Japan as world power

ESSENTIAL QUESTION• How did Imperialism in Southeast Asia effect

events that would happen later in history?

INTRODUCTION• Late 1800s – Imperialism spread to

Southeast Asia• Became an important source of spices &

tea• Later provided tin & oil

BRITISH COLONIES• England controlled Burma & Singapore

• Burma was important because it bordered India

• Singapore guards entrance to Strait of Malacca – Very important trade route

• 1819 - Britain purchased Singapore & establishes a factory

• Area became Singapore, held British Naval Base

FRENCH GAINS• Eastern part of Southeast Asia: Laos, Cambodia, &

Vietnam

• Governments were very unstable

• France controls all 3 during the 1800s

• Under French rule, governments stabilize & economies grow

• Regained independence in the 1950s

SIAM• Sandwiched between English & French

controlled countries

• Maintained independence by playing British interests against French interests

• King Mongkut studied western ideas – Better understood enemies & modernized

THE DUTCH EAST INDIES• Made up of islands running between East Asia &

Australia

• Colonized by the Netherlands in 1600s

• Revolutions during 1800s made Dutch change the way the islands were governed

• Became Indonesia in 1949

U.S. INTEREST IN THE PACIFIC• Islands became important for Trans-Pacific trade

• Samoa Islands

• Hawaiian Islands

• Philippines

• Guam

• Wake Island

THE SAMOA ISLANDS• East of Australia in Pacific Ocean

• Used by England, Germany, & U.S. as trading posts & naval bases

• Rivalry between 3 nations existed until 1899 when a treaty was signed

• England withdrew

• Germany & U.S. split the islands

THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS• Held U.S. naval base, rich soil, good rainfall & a mild

climate

• After 1865 Americans began to arrive

• Sugarcane & pineapple plantations were created

• U.S. wanted more control of the government

• 1893 – Americans ended Hawaiian Queen’s reign

• 1898 – Hawaii becomes part of U.S.

PHILIPPINES, GUAM, & WAKE ISLAND• When U.S. & Spain went to war, U.S. Navy called into action

• 1st Battle – Spanish-controlled Philippines

• Americans attacked at Manila Harbor

• U.S. controls Philippines after short war

• U.S. also gained control of Guam & Wake Island

• Filipino forces resisted American control, but were defeated after 3 years in 1902