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Imperialism in Africa
A. Motives for Imperialism
B. Africa before Imperialism
C. Why does it begin?
D. Berlin Conference
A. Motives for ImperialismGovernments:
1. Wanted to gain power by expanding territory
2. Compete with other European nations
Industrialists:
1. Make money
2. Selling goods to the conquered people
3. Gaining valuable resources from new colonies
Missionaries:
1. Desire to spread Christianity to the heathens of the world
Social Darwinists:
1. Those that were the fittest enjoyed wealth and success and were therefore superior
2. The Superior Race = Europeans
3. The Inferior Race = Africans & Asians
“White Man’s Burden”
• It was the duty of the Europeans to fix or civilize those that were inferior
B. Africa before Imperialism
• Africans divided into hundreds of different ethnic groups
• Africans did not speak the same languages or have the same cultures
• Fought one another constantly for land
Europeans controlled very little land because:
1. Europeans could not travel into the interior b/c of the terrain – Rivers & Deserts
2.Diseases like Malaria also stopped the Europeans
3. African armies stopped them
C. Why does it begin?Industrialization finally allowed the Europeans to gain access to Africa because of:
1. the Maxim gun2. Railroads &
Steamships3. A cure for malaria was
developed called quinine
• King Leopold II of Belgium gained control of the Congo in 1882
• Was the 1st European to gain control over a colony in the interior
• Other Europeans will race to claim territory as well
• Called “The Scramble for Africa”
• Causes tension in Europe because everyone wants a piece of Africa, but there is only so much
• Some countries are willing to go to war
• Berlin Conference (1884-85) – 14 European nations agreed to rules for dividing Africa
• Who’s not invited?– AFRICANS!!!
D. Berlin Conference