Imperialism in the 18Imperialism in the 18thth & 19 & 19thth CenturiesCenturies

IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)

Industrialized nations (nation-Industrialized nations (nation-states of Europe, U.S., Russia, states of Europe, U.S., Russia, and later Japan) strengthened and later Japan) strengthened their control over their their control over their colonies AND established colonies AND established transoceanic empires transoceanic empires throughout Asia, the Pacific, throughout Asia, the Pacific, and Africa.and Africa.

Imperialism is this extension Imperialism is this extension of political and economic of political and economic control.control.

European Colonies - 1700European Colonies - 1700

Industrialized nations control Industrialized nations control by 1900by 1900

The partition of Africa 1800sThe partition of Africa 1800s

The partition of Africa 1914The partition of Africa 1914

British control of IndiaBritish control of India

The British Empire 19The British Empire 19thth century century

Imperialism in the 18Imperialism in the 18thth & 19 & 19thth CenturiesCenturies

WHY did industrialized WHY did industrialized nations seek to control nations seek to control

other areas of the other areas of the world in the 18world in the 18thth and and

1919thth centuries? centuries?

Western nations wanted: Western nations wanted: PROFIT!!PROFIT!!

Industrialized Industrialized nations nations wanted access wanted access to: to:

raw materials raw materials for their for their factoriesfactories

precious precious metals & metals & jewelsjewels

markets for their factory markets for their factory productsproducts

To control the trade of valuable To control the trade of valuable products around the world.products around the world.

To relieve pressure of To relieve pressure of overpopulation (and class conflict)overpopulation (and class conflict)

To gain “Great Power” status in a To gain “Great Power” status in a competitive political systemcompetitive political system

ABCs for Baby Patriots-ABCs for Baby Patriots-18991899

Missionaries, aid societies, and Missionaries, aid societies, and others wanted to “Christianize” others wanted to “Christianize” and/or “civilize” people in less and/or “civilize” people in less developed regions.developed regions.

•By 1910, 10,000 missionaries in Africa•By the 1960s, 50 million Africans were Christian

HOW did they do it?HOW did they do it?

Industrialized nations: Industrialized nations: Used their stronger Used their stronger

militaries (using superior militaries (using superior firepower, military firepower, military technology, & navies)technology, & navies)

Maxim Gun and Breech-loading rifles

Steam Steam Powered Powered

TransportationTransportation

Industrialized nations used Industrialized nations used their wealth for influencetheir wealth for influence

Relied on native elites to Relied on native elites to directly rule and native directly rule and native soldiers to enforce lawssoldiers to enforce laws

Had support by Had support by industrialists, military, and industrialists, military, and religious groupsreligious groups

Industrialized nations had: Industrialized nations had: Medicines and medical technologyMedicines and medical technology

Quinine protected from malariaQuinine protected from malaria

JUSTIFICATION for JUSTIFICATION for ImperialismImperialism

Widespread belief among Widespread belief among imperial powers that imperial powers that European (or Japanese) races European (or Japanese) races SHOULD dominate the world.SHOULD dominate the world.

SOCIAL DARWINISM – survival SOCIAL DARWINISM – survival of the world’s best racesof the world’s best races

What is being advertised?

Where is this taking place?

What is going on?

What are the ways that this image symbolizes or give characteristics of Imperialism? (3 things)

Who was the queen at the time?

Advertisement 1897 Britain

Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa

By 1914, 90% of Africa was under By 1914, 90% of Africa was under European controlEuropean control

Berlin Conference in 1885 set the Berlin Conference in 1885 set the ground rules for European ground rules for European colonization of Africacolonization of Africa

Africans in decentralized societies w/ Africans in decentralized societies w/ no formal state structure held out the no formal state structure held out the longest against European conquestlongest against European conquest

The partition of Africa 1800sThe partition of Africa 1800s

The partition of Africa 1914The partition of Africa 1914

• See if you can identify part of the problem with colonization.

The Rhodes The Rhodes ColossusColossus

©2012, TESCCC

Consequences of the Consequences of the Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa

Traditional way of life disruptedTraditional way of life disrupted Economic exploitation of AfricansEconomic exploitation of Africans European racism imported into European racism imported into

AfricaAfrica Spread of European culture Spread of European culture

(education and religion)(education and religion) Spread of Western technologySpread of Western technology Change in women’s rolesChange in women’s roles

Largest colonial empire Largest colonial empire Great Britain (United Great Britain (United Kingdom)Kingdom)Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

““White” Colonies White” Colonies Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South AfricaCanada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

Populated mainly by people that moved Populated mainly by people that moved there from Britainthere from Britain

Given self-ruleGiven self-rule

Largest colonial empire Largest colonial empire Great Britain (United Great Britain (United Kingdom)Kingdom)Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

““Non-white” Colonies in India & AfricaNon-white” Colonies in India & Africa Under indirect ruleUnder indirect rule Populated mainly by people who are native to Populated mainly by people who are native to

the areathe area Few people from Britain actually live there – but Few people from Britain actually live there – but

control the governmentcontrol the government

British control of IndiaBritish control of India

Indian Rebellion1857-58 Indian Rebellion1857-58 changes British controlchanges British control

•Indian soldiers or “sepoys” rebelled against the British leadership.

•After the violence ended, the British government took control of India from the British East India Company.

A British Merchant's Home in Colonial India

Consequences of British Consequences of British Imperialism in IndiaImperialism in India

British educational system establishedBritish educational system established Rise of educated Indian middle class -Rise of educated Indian middle class -

eventually politically activeeventually politically active Hinduism more “defined”Hinduism more “defined” Spread of English languageSpread of English language Railroads tied India togetherRailroads tied India together

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day

What was distinctive about European What was distinctive about European colonial empires of the nineteenth century colonial empires of the nineteenth century (as opposed to earlier empires in history)?(as opposed to earlier empires in history)?