Imperialism

Define key vocabulary terms (16) associated with Imperialism: imperialism, protectorate, sphere of influence, paternalistic, elite, sultan, genocide, concession, sepoy, viceroy, deforestation, balance of trade, trade surplus, trade deficit, indemnity, and extraterritoriality

Identify the following individuals and discuss their significance to nineteenth-century European Imperialism: David Livingstone, Henry Stanley, King Leopold II, Menelik II, Muhammad Ali, Matthew Perry, Mutsuhito, and Mongkut

European Imperialism 1800-1914European Imperialism 1800-1914

• Motives:Motives:1.1.Economic Motive (Industry)-Economic Motive (Industry)-

Capitalists in the West desired markets and raw Capitalists in the West desired markets and raw materials. materials.

2.2.National Rivalry (Nationalism)National Rivalry (Nationalism) As the relationships between the European nations As the relationships between the European nations

increased so did the desire to acquire new colonies increased so did the desire to acquire new colonies and territories in order to gain an industrial and territories in order to gain an industrial advantage over the other nations.advantage over the other nations.

3.3.Social Darwinism and Racism:Social Darwinism and Racism: RacismRacism- a belief that some races are by nature - a belief that some races are by nature

superior to otherssuperior to others Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism- an application of Charles - an application of Charles

Darwin’s theory of evolution of biological traits Darwin’s theory of evolution of biological traits (natural selection) to society and its institutions(natural selection) to society and its institutions. .

ImperialismImperialism ““All great nations in the fullness of their strength have All great nations in the fullness of their strength have

desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands and desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands and those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play a pitiable role in time to come." a pitiable role in time to come." -Heinrich von Treitschke-Heinrich von Treitschke

“ “Take up the White Man's burden--Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.” Half-devil and half-child.” -Rudyard Kipling- “The White Man’s Burden,” 1899-Rudyard Kipling- “The White Man’s Burden,” 1899

Territorial Control under ImperialismTerritorial Control under Imperialism

1.1. provincial colony-provincial colony- a territory that an a territory that an imperialist power rules over directly imperialist power rules over directly ((direct ruledirect rule))

2.2. protectorateprotectorate-- a self-governed a self-governed territory in which an imperialist territory in which an imperialist power determines foreign policy power determines foreign policy ((indirect ruleindirect rule))

3.3. sphere of influencesphere of influence-- a region of the a region of the world in which an imperialist power world in which an imperialist power has exclusive investment and trading has exclusive investment and trading rightsrights

““Scramble for Africa”Scramble for Africa”1880-19141880-1914

Europe’s Dissection of Africa Europe’s Dissection of Africa North AfricaNorth Africa

Geography Geography Sahara DesertSahara Desert Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

Tripoli, Tunis, Algiers, and MoroccoTripoli, Tunis, Algiers, and Morocco Controlled by the Ottoman Empire in early 1800s Controlled by the Ottoman Empire in early 1800s

The French in Algiers, Tunis, and MoroccoThe French in Algiers, Tunis, and Morocco King Charles X sent soldiers to Algiers to colonize in 1830King Charles X sent soldiers to Algiers to colonize in 1830 The French went on to conquer Tunis (1881) and Morocco The French went on to conquer Tunis (1881) and Morocco

(1905)(1905)

Britain in EgyptBritain in Egypt Egypt was an independent kingdom ruled by Muhammad Ali in Egypt was an independent kingdom ruled by Muhammad Ali in

early 1800searly 1800s Attempts to modernize Egypt resulted in debt to EuropeAttempts to modernize Egypt resulted in debt to Europe The Suez Canal The Suez Canal 1882, Britain seized Egypt and made it a protectorate1882, Britain seized Egypt and made it a protectorate The Sudan to the South (Britain v. France)The Sudan to the South (Britain v. France)

Italy and Tripoli (modern-day Libya)Italy and Tripoli (modern-day Libya) Italy was eager to establish a colonial empireItaly was eager to establish a colonial empire Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire in 1911Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire in 1911 Tripoli became to Italian colony of LibyaTripoli became to Italian colony of Libya

Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa GeographyGeography

South of the Sahara to the southern tip of the African continentSouth of the Sahara to the southern tip of the African continent Varied landscape- mountains, plains, deserts, and rain forestsVaried landscape- mountains, plains, deserts, and rain forests Numerous independent kingdoms existed in Sub-Saharan Africa Numerous independent kingdoms existed in Sub-Saharan Africa

in the early 1800s, each having a rich history and culture. Most in the early 1800s, each having a rich history and culture. Most disappeared after the European dominated the continent by the disappeared after the European dominated the continent by the late 1800slate 1800s

West AfricaWest Africa European trade along coast by 1600sEuropean trade along coast by 1600s Abolition of the slave trade (1800s) and the decline of W. Abolition of the slave trade (1800s) and the decline of W.

Africa’s economyAfrica’s economy 1870s, European nations pushed inland and dominated the West 1870s, European nations pushed inland and dominated the West

AfricaAfrica Resistance to European domination?Resistance to European domination? Liberia, established in 1822 by the United States as a colony for Liberia, established in 1822 by the United States as a colony for

freed slavesfreed slaves

Central and East AfricaCentral and East Africa Congo River and BelgiumCongo River and Belgium East Africa – Germany and ItalyEast Africa – Germany and Italy Independent EthiopiaIndependent Ethiopia King Menelik II of Ethiopia and the defeat of Italian invaders at King Menelik II of Ethiopia and the defeat of Italian invaders at

the battle of Adowathe battle of Adowa

Ethiopia’s King Menelik II Ethiopia’s King Menelik II and his chiefsand his chiefs

Southern AfricaSouthern Africa Cape ColonyCape Colony

The Dutch settled in southern Africa in 1652 and established The Dutch settled in southern Africa in 1652 and established the port of Cape Townthe port of Cape Town

These Dutch settlers, known as Afrikaners, developed the These Dutch settlers, known as Afrikaners, developed the region, which became Cape Colonyregion, which became Cape Colony

Britain seized Cape Colony during the Napoleonic Wars. The Britain seized Cape Colony during the Napoleonic Wars. The Afrikaners despised British rule and left Cape Colony, migrating Afrikaners despised British rule and left Cape Colony, migrating to the northeast (the Great Trek) and established two to the northeast (the Great Trek) and established two independent states (Transvaal and the Orange Free State)independent states (Transvaal and the Orange Free State)

The Zulu NationThe Zulu Nation Afrikaners (Boers) v. Zulu Afrikaners (Boers) v. Zulu King ShakaKing Shaka King Cetywayo, 1879King Cetywayo, 1879 Anglo-Boer War, 1899Anglo-Boer War, 1899

Union of South AfricaUnion of South Africa Britain united Transvaal, the Orange Free State, Cape Colony, Britain united Transvaal, the Orange Free State, Cape Colony,

and Natal into one state under British ruleand Natal into one state under British rule Racial equality Racial equality

Effects of Imperialism on AfricaEffects of Imperialism on Africa Economic and Social EffectsEconomic and Social Effects

The Division of AsiaThe Division of Asia

Great Britain in IndiaGreat Britain in India Marco Polo’s influence on Marco Polo’s influence on

European expansion into East European expansion into East AsiaAsia The Travels of Marco PoloThe Travels of Marco Polo, ,

c.1295c.1295 The British East India The British East India

CompanyCompany Britain and FranceBritain and France Battle of Plassey, 1757Battle of Plassey, 1757

British expansion in IndiaBritish expansion in India The SepoyThe Sepoy Rebellion, 1857Rebellion, 1857

Why?Why? Dissolution of the East India Dissolution of the East India

Company Company A British A British viceroy viceroy in Indiain India

The Impact of British ruleThe Impact of British rule Benefits?Benefits? Costs?Costs?

India’s Quest for India’s Quest for IndependenceIndependence The Indian National Congress, The Indian National Congress,

18851885 Mohandas Gandhi(1869-1948)Mohandas Gandhi(1869-1948) India’s Independence, 1947India’s Independence, 1947

Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)

ChinaChina The Qing Dynasty (1644-The Qing Dynasty (1644-

1911)1911) The Unequal TreatiesThe Unequal Treaties

The Opium Wars (1839-The Opium Wars (1839-1842) and the Treaty of 1842) and the Treaty of Nanking Nanking

U.S. Open Door PolicyU.S. Open Door Policy Chinese Resentment of Chinese Resentment of

Imperialist ControlImperialist Control The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

The Society of Righteous The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fistsand Harmonious Fists

Foreign Response Foreign Response The dissolution of Qing The dissolution of Qing

powerpower The Chinese Revolution The Chinese Revolution

of 1911of 1911 Chinese desire for Chinese desire for

modernization and the modernization and the formation of a republicformation of a republic

Sun Yat-senSun Yat-sen The United League (1905)The United League (1905) Republic of China (1911)Republic of China (1911)

Imperialism in Southeast AsiaImperialism in Southeast Asia Geography of Southeast Asia Geography of Southeast Asia

Island Southeast AsiaIsland Southeast Asia Mainland Southeast AsiaMainland Southeast Asia

Early ImperialismEarly Imperialism 1500-1900- Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands (the 1500-1900- Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands (the

Dutch), Great Britain, France, and the United StatesDutch), Great Britain, France, and the United States The Dutch East IndiesThe Dutch East Indies

Resources- rich soil: coffee, sugar, teaResources- rich soil: coffee, sugar, tea Hardwood treesHardwood trees Tin and copperTin and copper

The Dutch culture systemThe Dutch culture system Native revolt in 1825Native revolt in 1825 The East Indies made the Dutch wealthy and the other The East Indies made the Dutch wealthy and the other

imperialist powers enviousimperialist powers envious The Spanish PhilippinesThe Spanish Philippines

Spanish rule similar to Dutch ruleSpanish rule similar to Dutch rule Filipino revolt in 1896, Emilio AguinaldoFilipino revolt in 1896, Emilio Aguinaldo Spanish-American War, 1898Spanish-American War, 1898

Mainland Southeast AsiaMainland Southeast Asia Great Britain and France in the 1800sGreat Britain and France in the 1800s

sphere of influence- region of a country in which an sphere of influence- region of a country in which an imperialist power has exclusive investment and trading imperialist power has exclusive investment and trading rightsrights

Great BritainGreat Britain Singapore, 1819Singapore, 1819 Burma, 1820sBurma, 1820s

FranceFrance Vietnam, Cambodia, LaosVietnam, Cambodia, Laos France established complete control over these areas by France established complete control over these areas by

the1880sthe1880s Thailand (Siam)Thailand (Siam)

French invasion of Thailand, 1893French invasion of Thailand, 1893 Thailand made an independent colony, 1896Thailand made an independent colony, 1896

King Mongkut (r.1851-1868)King Mongkut (r.1851-1868)King Chulalongkorn (r.1873-1910)King Chulalongkorn (r.1873-1910)

Destruction and cultural disturbance to Southeast Destruction and cultural disturbance to Southeast AsiaAsia

Modernization of Japan

Imperialism of Japan The Shogun and the Emperor Mathew Perry and U.S. trade, 1854

The Meiji Leaders The Shogun and “unequal treaties” with

imperialist powers The samurai and the overthrow of the Shogun

in 1865 Emperor Mutsuhito –Meiji “Enlightened emperor”

The Meiji rulers sought to strengthen Japan to compete with the Western nations – “Rich country, strong military”

Industrialization 1870s- economic development– Revised tax structure –Modern currency– Infrastructure- railroads, telegraph lines,

ports– Technology and population growth

Japan as a world power Japan’s need for more natural resources and

the growth of Japanese imperialism (beginning in the 1890s)