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• 11/21 Focus: – In the 1800’s, industrialized powers greatly
expanded their empires. – Great Britain took control of India, and
European nations occupied much of Africa
• Important Terms: –
• Do Now:– Identify two nationalist groups that
developed in India as a result of British imperialism
Imperialism Test Review
Topics to know for the Test
• Motives for the New Imperialism • Forms of Imperialism • Imperialism in Africa • Imperialism in Muslim Lands• Imperialism in India
Motives for New
Imperialism
Need for raw
materials
Economic
Nationalism
Military
Social
Cheap Labor
New Markets
White Man’s
Burden
Social Darwinism
Bases to protect
investments
Increased nations power
Forms of Imperialis
m
Colonies
Protectorate
Sphere of Influence
A country or a territory governed
internally by a foreign power
A country or a territory with its own
internal gov’t but under the control of
an outside power
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive
trading privileges
Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control• Local government
officials used• Limited self-rule• Government
institutions are based on European styles but may have some local rules
Direct Control• Foreign officials
brought in to rule• No self-rule• Government
institutions are based only on European styles
Africa Before Imperialism • Geographic barriers
had limited European colonization of Africa– Inland travel was
difficult • Sahara Desert• Highlands,• steep cliffs• Europeans could not
navigate rivers – Many waterfalls and
rapids
– Presence of diseases such as Malaria
Tools of European Imperialis
m
Steamships
Drug that was developed to protect
against MalariaQuinine
Superior Military
technology
Improved Communicati
ons
Allowed Europeans to travel up rivers
Small European forces could defeat
much larger numbers of Africans
Maintain close contact between
colony and controlling nation
Berlin Conferen
ce
Divides Africa
between
European
Powers
Ignores tradition
al African ethnic
boundaries
African nations
eventually gain
independence in 2nd
half of 20th century
Conflicts and Civil
Wars
British Interests in Africa• Suez Canal – Egypt built a canal
connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea• Reduced time to
travel from Europe to the Indian Ocean
– Egyptian government was unstable• Britain made Egypt a
protectorate to protect their interests in the canal
Imperialism in Muslim Lands
• Ottoman Empire was an Empire in decline but controlled important geopolitical locations
• Russia frequently had conflicts with the Ottoman Empire because they wanted warm water ports on the Black Sea
“The Great Game”
• Conflicts between Russia and Britain over land in central Asia
European Interest in Muslim Lands
• Discovery of oil in Persia and and the Arabian peninsula increased European interest in the Middle East
Positives of British Rule
Negatives of British Rule
• New roads and Railroads link India
• Telegraph and Postal systems unite people in India
• Irrigation systems improve farming
• New laws mean justice for all people
• Exposure to western education
• Customs that threatened Human rights ended
• Indian resources are removed from India and sent to Britain
• Indians forced to buy British made goods instead of local made products
• Farms grow cash crops rather than food crops
• Indians are treated as inferior
• British try to replace Indian culture with western culture
Rise of Nationalism in India
Indians felt they were treated as
2nd class citizens
Barred from top jobs in Indian Civil
Service
Paid less than British workers
Wanted more of a say in
government