Immigration

Women Workers

• 18% of Labor Force• Most domestic servants• Paid less than men• Mary Harris Jones “Mother Jones”• Women’s Trade Union League WTUL

Europeans Flood into America

• 1865 to 1914 “New Immigration”• 25,000• Reasons why immigrants left– Famine, Poor European Economies, Oppertunities

in US, Religious Persecution

Atlantic Voyage

• Most immigrants poor• Steam Ships• Steerage: Cheapest accommodations on a

steam ship• Dirty, nasty, cramped

Ellis Island and Angel Island

• Immigrants coming to America was processed at one of the two before being allowed into the country

• Ellis Island- immigrants coming from Europe• Angel Island – Immigrants coming from Asia• Many Experience Nativism

Chinese Exclusion Act

• Denis Kearny, Irish Immigrant himself• No Chinese Immigrants for 10 years• Chinese Immigrants living in US can’t become

citizens• Causes issues with Japan

Migration to the cities

• US cities grow after Civil War. Why?– Immigrants cant afford farms– Better paying jobs

• Cities forced to build upward not outward – Skyscrapers– Louis Sullivan designed many of them

Separation by Classes

• Lived in different sections of the city• High Society • Middle-Class Gentility– Doctors, lawyers, engineers, moved from city

center and took advantage of commuter rails• The Working Class– Tenements (apartment buildings_

Urban Issues

• Crime, Poverty, Pollution• How the Other Half Lives• Political Machines – gained and kept political

power– Party Bosses: provided services but for a price

• George Plunkitt• Tammany Hall– William “Boss” Tweed, NY, received prison sentence