IMENYEKANISHAMANA RISHINGIYE KURI BIBILIYA · 1). (((). 1 ()

Copyright © 2009-2016 by Jonathan Menn. All rights reserved.

IMENYEKANISHAMANA RISHINGIYE

KURI BIBILIYA

Cyanditswe na

Jonathan M. Menn

B.A., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1974

J.D., Cornell Law School, 1977

M.Div., Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2007

Equipping Church Leaders-East Africa

3701 N. Gillett St., Appleton, WI 54914

(920) 731-5523

[email protected]

www.eclea.net

Ukuboza 2009; cyakorewe ubugororangingo muri Gicurasi 2013; gikosorwa muri Nyakanga 2014, Gashyantare

2015, Nyakanga 2015, cyongera gukorerwa ubugororangingo bwa nyuma muri Kamena-Nyakanga 2016

Imenyekanishamana (Tewolojiya) rishingiye kuri Bibiliya n’uruhererekane rw’inkuru ya Bibiliya, uhereye igihe

cy’iremwa ry’isi n’irya kiremwa muntu nk’uko byanditswe mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro, rikanyura mu gihe cyo

kugwa kw’Umwana w’Umuntu n’ingaruka zakwo, n’inkuru y’urugendo rw’ugucungurwa kw’umwana

w’umuntu, rukarangirira ku majuru mashya n’isi nshya nk’uko bisobanuwe mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe. Bibiliya

ivuga inkuru isobanutse, kandi Yesu ni We mutima wayo. Imenyekanishamana rireba ku nsanganyamatsiko

zigenda zigaruka muri Bibiliya yose, ishingiye ku mibanire hagati y’Imana n’abantu. Igaragaza na none uburyo

Kristo n’Itorero ari isohozwa ry’amasezerano hamwe n’ibyasezeranyijwe, ubuhanuzi hamwe n’ibyatangijwe

mu Isezerano rya Kera. Amakarita, ingengabihe n’inshamake bigize umugereka byashyiriweho kuba

imfashanyigisho zikomeye.


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AMASHAKIRO Y’IBIRIMO

1. IMENYEKANISHAMANA RISHINGIYE KURI BIBILIYA (IRB): IRIBURIRO………………………………..5

I. Imiterere y’ Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya…………………………..…………………………....5

A. Ibisobanuro ku Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya………………………………………..……………....5

B. Ibyo abantu bafata nk’ukuri ku bijyanye n’ Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya …………………............5

I. Umurongo w’Inkuru n’Insanganyamatsiko z’Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya:

Inshamake…………………………………..…......................................................................................................6

A. Umurongo Ngenderwaho w’Inkuru ya Bibiliya…………………………………………………..…………………….6

B. Insanganyamatsiko z’IRB……………………………………………………………………………………………......6

2. UMURONGO NGENDERWAHO W’INKURU YA BIBILIYA……………………………………………………..8

I. Irema (Itangiriro 1-2)……………………………………………………………………………………........................8

A. Umurongo Ngenderwaho wa Bibiliya utangirira ku ijambo Imana (Itang 1:1)……………………………………….9

B. Imana yaremye buri kintu cyose ihereye ku ubusa……………………………………………………………………...9

C. Imana yaremye kiremwamuntu kugira ngo ategeke ibyaremwe byose (Itang 1:26-28)……………………………....10

II. Ukugwa kw’Umwana w’Umuntu n’Ingaruka zakwo (Itangiriro 3-11:26)…………………………………………10

A. Adamu na Eva bakora icyaha, birukanwa mu ngobyi (Itangiriro 3)………………………………………………….10

B. Ingaruka z’Ukugwa–Uhereye kuri Kayini ukageza ku Umunara w’i Babeli (Itangiriro 4-11:26)…………………...14

III. Inkinamico y’Ugucungurwa—Imana yihamagarira Ishyanga (Itang 11:27-Ibyahishuwe 20)…………………..18

A. Imana itangira bushya—uhereye kuri Aburahamu ukageza kuri Yosefu (Itang 11:27-50:26)……………………...18

B. Intangiriro ry’Ishyanga rya Isirayeli—Uhereye kuri Egiputa ukageza ku Gihugu cy’Isezerano

(Kuva – Gutegeka kwa Kabiri)……………………………………………………………………………………19

C. Isirayeli igera mu gihugu cy’isezerano (Yosuwa - 1 Samweli 7)………………………………………………………21

D. Isirayeli nk’Ubwami bwibumbiye hamwe (1 Samweli 8-1 Abami 11; 1 Ngoma 1-2 Ngoma 9; Zaburi –

Indirimbo ya Salomo)……………………………………………………………………………………………..23

E. Isirayeli nk’Ubwami bwacitsemo ibice (1 Abami 12-2 Abami 17; 2 Ngoma 10-31; Yesaya na Mika

[bahanuriye Isirayeli na Yuda]; Yoweli [yahanuriye Yuda]; Hoseya na Amosi [bahanuriye Isirayeli];

Obadiya [yahanuriye Edomu]; Yona [yahanuriye Ninewe])…………………………………………………….24

F. Ubuzima, intege nke, no kugwa by’Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo (2 Abami 18-25; 2 Ngoma 32-36:21; Yesaya-

Daniyeli; Nahumu-Zefaniya)……………………………………………………………………………………..24

G. Uguhembuka kw’Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo (2 Ngoma 36:22-Esiteri; Hagayi-Malaki)………………..……………….27

H. Imana isohoza umugambi wayo wo gucungura isi inyuze muri Yesu Kristo (Matayo-Ibyahishuwe 20)…………….27

I. Yesu ahishura imiterere nyakuri ya Mesiya, y’Ubwami bw’Imana, n’Itorero……………………………....................28

IV. Amajuru Mashya n’Isi Nshya (Ibyahishuwe 21-22)………………………………………………………………...31

A. Irema rishya ryo mu Byahishuwe riri hejuru y’irema rya mbere rivugwa mu Itangiriro…………….……………....31

B. Irema rishya ryo mu Byahishuwe riri hejuru y’irema ry’umwimerere ryo mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro….……………...31

3. KRISTO N’ITORERO NK’ISOHOZWA RY’ISEZERANO RYA KERA (IK)…………………………………....32

I. Bibiliya ivuga ibya Yesu Kristo—Ni we Muntu uri mu Mutima wayo n’Insanganyamatsiko Nyamukuru……....32

A. Yesu n’abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya (IR) bose bakoresheje IK mu gusobanura ibya Yesu………………………….32

B. Yesu yabonekeye abo mu IK mbere y’uko ahinduka umuntu……………………………………….………………...32

C. Yesu asohoza isezerano ryo mu IK ryo kuzabona Mesiya……………………………………………………………...34

D. Yesu asohoza isezerano ryo mu IK ryo guhabwa ubutumwa bwiza……………………………..……………………..35

E. Yesu asohoza IK ryose………….……………………………………………………………………..…………………36

II. Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu, iryahawe Dawidi n’Amasezerano Makuru Mashya yerekezaga

kandi asohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero………………………………………………………………………….37

A. Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu risohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero ………………………….………………...37

B. Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi risohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero………………………………….……………….41

C. Isezerano Rishya risohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero……………………………………………………………………..45

III. Yesu ni We Isirayeli Nshya, Nyakuri kandi yo Kwizerwa…………………………………………………………..49

A. Yesu asubira mu mateka ya Isirayeli…………………………………………………………………………………....49


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B. IR ryerekana Yesu nka Mose mushya kandi uruta uwa mbere, ukura abantu, atari mu bucakara bwo mu

buryo bw’umubiri gusa, ahubwo no mu bucakara ku cyaha n’urupfu bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka

(Yoh 1:29; Abar 6:323)…………………………………………………………………………………...............50

C. IR rikoresha kuri Yesu amagambo n’imyanya y’ibyubahiro nk’uko yakoreshwaga kuri Isirayeli yo mu IK……….52

D. Muri Yesu, amasezerano yo mu IK yo guhembuka kwa Isirayeli yarasohoye…………………………………….…..53

IV. Kubera ko Itorero riri “muri Kristo,” Itorero ni ryo Isirayeli Nshya, Nyakuri, Isirayeli yo mu buryo

bw’Umwuka………………………………………………………………………………………………………59

A. Isirayeli yo mu IK n’Itorero: Ubuntu, ugutoranywa, n’ukwizera byo mu IK byo mu buryo bufatika ni ubwo

mu Umwuka…..……………………………………………………………………………………..…………….59

B. Ihuriro riri hagati ya Isirayeli yo mu IK n’Itorero……………………………………………………………………..61

C. Yesu yahakanye ishyanga rya Isirayeli nk’inzira yo kwubaka Ubwami bw’Imana, nyuma iyo nshingano ayiha

abamukurikiye, ari bo Torero…………………………………………………………………………………….63

D. Itorero ni ryo bwoko nyakuri, bushya bw’Imana—Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka……………………………....66

E. Kimwe na Isirayeli Nshya, Nyakuri, kandi yo mu buryo bw’Umwuka, Itorero rihura n’ibigeragezo bihwanye

n’ibyo Isirayeli yahuye na byo mu buryo bufatika ku bijyanye no guhora ari abizerwa……………………….71

V. Kristo n’Itorero Basohoza kandi Batsimbura Urusengero………………………………………..………………...71

A. Yesu ni We Rusengero Nyakuri ……………………………………………………………………..…………………72

B. Nk’userukira Kristo ku isi mu buryo bufatika, Itorero n’ “Urusengero” rw’Imana ku isi…………………………..77

VI. Yesu Yasohoje kandi Yatsimbuye Iminsi Mikuru y’Abayuda……………………………………………………..81

A. Ikirangaminsi cya Isirayeli yo mu IK ………………………………………………………………………………….81

B. Uburyo Iminsi Mikuru yizihizwa muri Isirayeli ……………………………………………………………………….82

C. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru wa Pasika n’uw’Imitsima Idasembuwe……….…………………………………….83

D. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru w’Umuganura n’uw’Ibyumweru……………….…………………………………...86

E. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru wo Kuvuza Amahembe…………………………….………..……………………….87

F. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi w’Impongano………………………………………………………………………………….89

G. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando……………………………………..……………………………………..91

H. Yesu yasohoje umwaka w’Isabato……………………………………………………………………………………....93

I. Yesu yasohoje umwaka wa Yubile……………………………………………………………………………………….93

J. Yesu yasohoje iminsi mikuru ya Purimu na Hamukkah……………………………………………………………….95

VII. Yesu Yasohoje kandi Yatsimbuye uburyo bwose bw’Ibitambo n’ubw’Ubutambyi bw’Abisirayeli

bo mu IK……………………………………………………………………………….........................................96

A. Uburyo Abisirayeli bo mu IK batambaga ibitambo…………………………………………………………………….96

B. Yesu yasohoje uburyo bwose Abisirayeli bo mu IK batambagamo ibitambo………………………………………….96

C. Yesu yasohoje kandi atsimbura ubutambyi bwose bwo mu IK………………………………………………………...97

D. Abaheburayo bashyiraho ikinyuranyo hagati y’uburyo Abisirayeli batambamo ibitambo n’umurimo

w’ubutambyi wa Kristo…………………………………………………………………………………………....98

VIII. Yesu yasohoje kandi Yasimbuye Amategeko yo mu IK…………………………………………………………..99

A. Amategeko yo mu IK yari kimwe mu bice bigize Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose (rya Kera)…………………………….99

B. Amategeko yo mu IK yari afite igihe yagenewe………………………………….…….……………………………...100

C. Amategeko yo mu IK yari Ishusho…………………………………………………………………….........................100

D. Amategeko yo mu IK yari ubuhanuzi………………………………………………………………..….......................102

E. Yesu yazanywe no gusohoza Amategeko……………………………………………………………..………………..103

F. Yesu yashimangiye kandi yerekanye ubutware bwe hejuru y’Amategeko yose yo mu IK……………......................104

G. Yesu yabayeho agendera munsi y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera ariko akaba ari We wari Intumwa

y’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya …………………………………………………………………………..………...104

H. Abakristo ntibabohewe munsi y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose cyangwa se n’itegeko iryo ari ryo

ryose ryo mu Mategeko yo mu IK ahubwo bagendera munsi y’ “Itegeko rya Kristo”……………..………....106

IX. Yesu yasohoje kandi Yasimbuye Isabato yo mu Isezerano rya Kera ……………………………........................107

A. Yesu yashimangiye kandi yerekana ubutware bwe hejuru y’Isabato………………………………………………..107

B. IR rihindura Insobanuro y’Isabato…………………………………………………………………………………...107

C. Isohozwa ry’Isabato muri Kristo ntibisobanura ikiri hejuru y’umunsi w’ “Isabato y’Abakristo” wo

kuruhukiraho uhwanye n’Umunsi wa Gatandatu ari wo Sabato y’Abayuda………………………………...109

X. Kristo n’Itorero ni bo bavuzwe mu Buhanuzi ko ari bo “Umugaragu w’Umwami”…………………………….110

A. Yesu ni wa “Mugaragu w’Umwami” wavuzweho mu buhanuzi…………………………………………………….110


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B. Itorero n’ “Umugaragu w’Umwami” ku urwego rusange nk’uko Yesu na We ari “Umugaragu

w’Umwami ku urwego rw’igiti cy’umuntu”…………………………………………………………………...111

4. INSANGANYAMATSIKO ESHATU ZIVUGA KU MIBANIRE HAGATI Y’IMANA NA

KIREMWA MUNTU………………………………………………………………………………………….112

I. Urusengero n’Isi: Ubuturo bw’Imana hagati mu Bantu ……………………………………………......................112

A. Ingobyi yo muri Edeni (Itangiriro 2-3; reba na none Ezek 28:13-16)…………………………………………....…112

B. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro (Kuva 25-31, 35-40)…………………………………………………………………………….114

C. Urusengero (2 Sam 7:1-17; 1 Abami 6; 8:1-11; 1 Ngoma 17:1-15; 22:1-16; 28:1-29:9;

2 Ngoma 3-5)………………………………………………………………………………………………………….115

D. Ezekiyeli yerekwa iby’Urusengero rushya (Ezekiyeli 40-48)……………………………………….……………….117

E. Amajuru mashya n’Isi Nshya (Ibyahishuwe 21-22)………………………………………………………….….......122

II. Imibanire hagati y’Imana n’Abantu Bayo mu ishusho y’Ubukwe ……………………………………………....125

A. Itang 2:23-24 (umugore yaremewe umugabo mu buryo bw’umwihariko; umugabo na we asabwa kuva

kwa se na nyina akifatanya n’umugore we, nyuma bagahinduka “umubiri umwe” na we) n’ishusho

y’uburyo Imana yifuza kubana n’Abantu bayo……………………………………………………….……...125

B. Mu Isezerano rya Kera, havugwamo ugushakana hagati y’Imana n’abantu bayo kugaragarira mu

urukundo rwinshi, ariko Isirayeli yishe isezerano…………………………………………………………….125

C. Mu Isezerano Rishya, insanganyamatsiko y’ubukwe igezwa ku urwego rw’umwihariko muri Kristo

n’Itorero………………………………………………………………………………………………………..128

D. Mu Ibyahishuwe, ishusho y’ubukwe ishingiye kuri Bibiliya igaragaza imibanire hagati y’Imana n’Abantu

bayo isohorera muri Kristo, Umukwe we (Itorero) n’Isi Nshya……………………………............................129

III. Ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana, Inshingano za Kiremwa Muntu n’Ukubaho kw’Icyaha n’Ikibi……………….130

A. Imana ntivugirwamo hejuru ya buri kintu cyose, kandi ntihagarika umurimo wayo wo gusohoza

umugambi wayo…………………………………………………………………………………..…………….130

B. Insobanuro y’amateka mu buryo bubiri buvuguruzanya…………………………………………….…..................130

C. Imana nziza kandi ishobora byose irakenewe kugira ngo habeho kuganira ku cyiza n’ikibi……………………...133

D. Mu Ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana hejuru y’ibiba byose harimo n’ubutavugirwamo bwayo hejuru y’icyaha

n’ikibi, ariko bikaba mu buryo itabarwaho icyaha cyangwa se ikibi……………………………………........134

E. N’ubwo icyaha n’ikibi biri mu bigize umugambi nyamukuru w’Imana, Yo ihora irwanya icyaha

n’ikibi…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....136

F. Umuntu ashobora gushyiraho ikigereranyo hagati y’uburyo Imana yemera ko icyaha n’ikibi biba bifitanye

isano risa n’iriri hagati y’izuba n’umwijima hamwe n’ubukonje……………………………………………137

G. Kubera yuko mu mwanya umwe Imana ishobora kurebera ikintu kibaye mu “ndorerwamo yo mu buryo

bwaga” hamwe no mu “indorerwamo yo mu buryo bugari”, ishobora gufata icyemezo “cyangwa se

igashyiraho iteka” mu bushake bwayo bwo mu ibanga ariko icyo cyemezo kikaba kibujijwe mu

ubushake bwayo bwahishuwe “cyangwa se bwavuzwe mu mategeko yayo” ………………………..………137

H. Kubera yuko Imana ari Yo cyiza cyo mu urwego rwo hejuru rushoboka, icyaha n’ikibi birakenewe kugira

ngo impande zose z’umwimerere n’imiterere y’Imana zishyirwe ahagaragara mu buryo bunonosoye.........139

I. Imana ntishobora gukuraho ikibi mu gihe idahise ikuraho kiremwa muntu n’isi nk’uko tubizi…………………..140

J. Ikibi cyose Imana yemera kandi itegeka ko kibaho kizanira icyiza ibyaremwe cyo mu urwego rwo hejuru

Kurushiriza………………………………………………………………………………………………..……140

K. Ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana, inshingano ya Kiremwa Muntu hamwe n’ukubaho kw’ikibi: Umwanzuro………..142

UMUGEREKA WA 1—INSHAMAKE Y’IBITABO BYA BIBILIYA……………………………………………..143

UMUGEREKA WA 2—INGENGABIHE Y’AMATEKA YA BIBILIYA…………………………………………146

UMUGEREKA WA 3—BIBILIYA MU RUTONDE RW’IBIHE…………………………………………………..148

UMUGEREKA WA 4 —INGENGABIHE Y’ABAMI N’ABAHANUZI BA ISIRAYELI NA YUDA…………...150

UMUGEREKA WA 5—UBUHANUZI BWATORANYIJWE BUVUGA KURI MESIYA N’ISOHOZWA

RYABWO……………………………………………….…..………………………………………………....153

UMUGEREKA WA 6—YESU N’IMANA MU BURYO BWUZUYE KANDI N’UMUNTU MU BURYO

BWUZUYE……………………………………………………………………………………………………154


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UMUGEREKA WA 7—YESU N’ “IKIMENYETSO CYA YONA” (MAT 12:38-41; 16:1-4;

LUKA 11:29-32) ……………………………………………………………………………………………163

UMUGEREKA WA 8—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BWA ASHURI, BABULONI N’UBUPERESI………………168

UMUGEREKA WA 9—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BW’ABAROMA & INTARA ZABWO……………………...168

UMUGEREKA WA 10—IKARITA YA KANANI: IMIGABANE Y’UBUTAKA KU MIRYANGO 12……...169

UMUGEREKA WA 11—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BWIBUMBIYE HAMWE BWA ISIRAYELI……………..169

UMUGEREKA WA 12—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BWA YUDA NA ISIRAYELI NYUMA YO

GUCIKAMO IBICE……………………………………………………………………………………..….170

UMUGEREKA WA 13—IKARITA YA ISIRAYELI MU BIHE BY’ISEZERANO RISHYA…………………170

UMUGEREKA WA 14—IGISHUSHANYO-MBONERA CY’IHEMA RY’IBONANIRO……………………..171

UMUGEREKA WA 15—ISHUSHO Y’URUSENGERO RUGIRA KABIRI (RWUBATSWE NA

HERODI)…………………………………………………………………………………………………….171

IBITABO BYIFASHISHIJWE………………………………………………………………………………………172

UMWANDITSI ………………………………………………………………………………………………………185


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1. IMENYEKANISHAMANA RISHINGIYE KURI BIBILIYA (IRB): IRIBURIRO

I. Imiterere y’ Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya

A. Ibisobanuro ku Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya 1. Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya (IRB) n’inyigo y’umuzingo uhambiririye hamwe wa

Bibiliya uhereye aho itangirira (Itangiriro) ukageza aho irangirira (Ibyahishuwe). Ni “ubushakashatsi

bugamije gusobanura ubumwe bwa Bibiliya” (Bartholomew 2005: 84).

2. IRB “rikurikirana urugendo rw’ihishurirwa riri muri Bibiliya uhereye ku ijambo rya mbere Imana

yabariye umuntu ukageza ku ihishurwa ry’ubwiza bwa Kristo ryuzuye. Risesengura intambwe zimwe na

zimwe z’amateka ya Bibiliya n’ihuriro riri hagati y’amateka amwe n’andi. Bityo, itanga urufatizo rwo

gusobanukirwa uburyo ibyanditswe biri mu gice kimwe cya Bibiliya bihura n’ibyanditswe byo mu bindi

bice byayo byose. Insobanuro yumvikana neza ya Bibiliya ishingiye ku ukuvumbura gukorwa n’[IRB].”

(Goldsworthy 1991: 32)

3. Kubera yuko IRB rirazwa ishinga no gusobanura ubumwe buri hagati y’ibice bigize Bibiliya mu

magambo yayo y’umwimere, n’ “uburyo butanga ibisobanuro kandi bushingiye ku mateka bitandukanye

n’ibisobanuro bishingiye ku Imenyekanishamana n’ibindi bishingiye ku ubusesenguzi bwaryo

(Systematic Theology).” (Bartholomew 2005: 86). N’ubwo IRB ari isomo ritanga amateka

n’ibisobanuro, Bibiliya yo igenda ihitamo gutanga bimwe mu bisobanuro birambuye bishingiye ku

mateka. Iryo hitamo rishingiye ku imenyekanishamana ryo mu urwego rusange nk’uko Bibiliya igenda

ibihambūra. “Ubumwe buri hagati y’amateka ari muri Bibiliya bushingiye kuri iryo hitamo nyene iyo

nkuru ikurikiranwamo mu nzira zimwe na zimwe; aho gushingira ku zindi nzira izo ari zi zose. Hariho

uruhererekane muri uwo murongo w’inkuru rurwanya ubwinyagamburiro bukorerwa mu nzira nto kandi

y’umwijima. Ni cyo gituma dukurikira Seti mu mwanya wa Kayini; Shemu mu mwanya wa Hamu,

Aburahamu mu mwanya wa Loti; Isirayeli mu mwanya wa Edomu; Dawudi mu mwanya wa Sauli;

Yuda mu mwanya wa Samariya; Yerusalemu mu mwanya wa Babuloni. Nyuma ya byose, irobanurwa

rikomeye rya nyuma ni ririya rya Yesu nka Mesiya tutitaye ku bamurwanyaga. Isezerano Rishya ribona

yuko habayeho uruhererekane rw’ukuri hagati mu mateka y’ishyanga rya Isirayeli nk’ubwoko

bw’Imana bwibonera muri Yesu Kristo. Ubu bushakashatsi bw’amateka bushingiye ku

Imenyekanishamana aho gushingira ku mateka yabayeho.” (Goldsworthy 2000: 69)

B. Ibyo abantu bafata nk’ukuri ku bijyanye n’ Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya 1. Bibiliya ivuga inkuru ifite ireme, kandi Yesu Kristo ni We mutima w’iyo nkuru (Luka 24:25-27, 44-

47; Yoh 5:39; Ibyak 3:18; 10:43; 26:22-23; 1 Pet 1:10-12). Buri gitabo cya Bibiliya kigira icyo

giterereye kuri iyo nkuru, kandi inkuru nyamukuru na yo igatanga urubibe ntarengwa buri gitabo

gikorerwamo ubusobanuro nyabwo.

2. N’ubwo Bibiliya ivuga inkuru iri hamwe, iyerekwa ry’Imana ryo rigenda rijya mbere—rigenda

rihambūra ibyari bihambiriye hagati muri Bibiliya yose. Umubare w’amahame y’ingenzi ukomoka muri

ibi byavuzwe haruguru n’uyu:

a. Ibyanditswe ntibyigera birwanya ibindi Byanditswe. Ibice bibiri by’Ibyanditswe byaba bisa

n’ibivuguruzanya, ariko wakora isesengura rihamye, ugasanga ata ho bivuguruzanya.

Washobora gusanga icyanditswe kimwe gikora ubugororangingo bw’ikindi ariko ntaho

uzasanga kikivuguruza.

b. Intambwe y’amateka yo gucungurwa n’ “Umugambi mukuru w’Imana” (Ibyak 20:27)

bibwirizwa gushyingirwaho kugira ngo habeho gusobanukirwa neza icyanditswe icyo ari cyo

cyose. Inyigisho y’ “urugendo rw’Iyerekwa rukomeza” zitubwira yuko intanbwe y’amateka yo

gucungurwa ibwirizwa guhabwa agaciro igihe turimo twiga igice icyo ari cyo cyose

cy’ibyanditswe runaka. Bibiliya n’inyabumwe itubwira inkuru ifite insobanuro inoze. N’ubwo

bimeze bityo, ukuri kwa Bibiliya kuri muri buri gitabo ntiguhita kwumvikana kwose ako kanya

ahubwo kugenda guhishurwa buhoro buhoro. Insobanuro yuzuye y’icyanditswe icyo ari cyose

cyangwa se inyigisho za Bibiliya izo ari zose byashoboka ko byaba bitaboneye neza keretse

habayeho kureba insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru ya Bibiliya.

c. Isezerano Rishya (IR) risobanura Isezerano rya Kera (IK).

(1) Ni ngombwa yuko ibyanditswe byose bya Bibiliya bisomerwa hagati mu gasanduka

(framework - cadre) k’indongoramvugo (imvugo n’imyandikire y’ibyanditswe)

n’amateka ajyanye n’ibyo bihe byandikiwemo. IR ryubatswe ku musingi w’IK.

Ibitekerezo byinshi byo mu IR bishingiye ku IK. Uburyo dusobanukirwamo IR


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buhabwa ireme n’uburyo dusobanukirwamo IK. Muri icyo gihe nyene, ntitwari

dukwiye gusoma Isezerano rya Kera twiyibagije yuko IR na ryo ririho. Hariho

ugufatana, hakabaho n’ukudafatana hagati y’IKn’IR. IR ryubaka ku bitekerezo by’IK,

akenshi mu buryo butangaje. Mu buryo bw’umwihariko, ibi n’ukuri urebye uburyo IR

rifata ubuhanuzi bw’IK.

(2) Tubwirizwa kwibuka ko amategeko yo mu IK, imihango n’indi migenzo

byasohorejwe kandi bisimburirwa muri Kristo (Mat 5:17; Abar 10:4; 2 Abakor 3:12-

16; Abagal 3:23-4:7). Mu nzira nyinshi, Isirayeli yo mu buryo bufatika yo mu IK,

amategeko yayo, imihango yayo, n’indi migenzo, byari “urugero,” “ibimenyetso”,

“ibicucu,” “kopi”cyangwa se “ingero” by’ibiriho byo mu Isezerano Rishya (Mat 5:17;

1 Abakor 10:1-6; 2 Abakor 3:12-16; Abagal 3:23-4:7, 21-31; Abakol 2:16; Abaheb

1:1-2; 8:1-10:22). Nuko rero, igihe tureba ishusho yo muri rusange, na cyane-cyane

igihe dukoresha Ibyanditswe, twari dukwiye “gusomera Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera mu

indorerwamo y’Ibyanditswe byo mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya” (Lehrer 2006:177).

Nk’uko bivugwa ngo, “Irishya rihishwe mu rya Kera; Irya Kera na ryo rihishurirwa mu

Irishya.”

II. Umurongo w’Inkuru n’Insanganyamatsiko z’Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiliya:

Inshamake

A. Umurongo Ngenderwaho w’Inkuru ya Bibiliya 1. Mu nsobanuro yo mu urwego rusange, Bibiliya n’inkuru y’Irema, ivuga amateka, hamwe n’aho isi na

kiremwamuntu byerekeza, nk’uko bivugwa mu imenyekanishamana. Imana yaremye isi nziza cyane,

irema na kiremwa muntu bo kubaho ubuzima burangwamo umunezero, ubuzima bwuzuye, mu busabane

na Yo. Kubera icyaha cyacu, twatakaje ubwo busabane, nyuma tuzana ikibi n’urupfu mu isi. Ariko na

none, Imana ntiyaturekeye mu cyaha cyacu no mu rupfu. Binyuze mu mugambi munini warimo

guhamagara Aburahamu n’ishyanga rya Isirayeli, yateguye inzira y’ukuza ku isi ubwayo, binyuze mu

umuntu Yesu Kristo, waje azanye kubabarirwa icyaha no kugarura ubusabane na Yo. Azaza ubugira

kabiri azanywe no gutsembaho icyaha n’urupfu, ariko ataturimbuye. Azishimana natwe mu

uguhembuka kwacu n’imibanire yacu na Yo; azahindura isi ayigire nshya, igire ubwiza buruta ubwo

yari ifite igihe yaremwaga ubwa mbere. Turebeye muri ako gasanduka, inzira y’ibanze y’inkuru yaba

ifite ishusho imeze irtya: Irema (Itangiriro 1-2) =>Ukugwa n’ingaruka zakwo (Itangiriro 3-11:26)

=>Ugucungurwa (Itangiriro 11:27-Ibyahishuwe 20) => Irema rishya (Ibyahishuwe 21-22). Imana

Ubwayo ni Yo mwanditsi w’Inkuru kandi ni Yo mukinnyi w’ingenzi muri yo.

2. Bibiliya n’uburyo Imana yihishuriye abantu no kubahishurira umugambi wayo (Ubutumwa Bwiza).

a. Umuntu mukuru muri iryo hishurirwa—wa wundi wari ukomeye igihe cy’irema, we nzira yo

gucugungurwa, we sōko n’umwuzuro w’irema rishya—uwo na we ni Yesu Kristo (reba 2

Abakor 1:20; Abef 1:9-10; Abafil 2:6-11; Abaheb 1:1-3).

b. Bityo, IK n’umuteguro w’Ubutumwa Bwiza; Ibitabo bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza n’Igaragazwa

ry’Ubutumwa, Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa n’ikwirakwizwa ry’Ubutumwa, Inzandiko n’insobanuro

y’Ubutumwa; Ibyahishuwe n’Ukwishimira mu ibyanditswe mu Ubutumwa.

3. Bibiliya n’inkuru ivuga ku mibanire hagti y’Imana na kiremwa muntu, uhereye ku irema ukageza ku

irema bushya. Abasobanuzi ba Bibiliya batanze ibisobanuro ku nkuru y’iyo mibanire; ibyo bisonauro

bikaba bifite ubudasa:

a. “Mu mabarankuru ya Gikristu, isi y’Imana ni ubukorikori, insanganyamatsiko n’ukuramira

isi yaguye n’umwana w’umuntu; ibibanza byo kwubakaho n’inkuru za Bibiliya, uhereye igihe

cy’irema, ugutoranywa ukageza igihe Imana yahindutse umuntu, ukubambwa, ukuzuka no

kuzamurwa mu ijuru; umwanzuro n’urubanza rwa nyuma, ijuru na gihenomu” (Sykes 1997:14).

b. “Imenyekanishamana Rishingiye kuri Bibiya rivuga ku bijyanye n’uburyo Imana izanamo

ubwami bwayo aho imibanire yose yasubijwe mu buziranenge bwayo bwa kera” (Goldsworthy

1991: 76).

c. “Ubwoko bw’Imana, mu umwanya w’Imana, munsi y’ubutware bw’Imana, imbere y’ubwiza

bw’Imana, nk’umuryango umwe” (Cole 2006: n.p.).

B. Insanganyamatsiko z’IRB IRB rishobora kurebwaho mu nzira zitandukanye. Inzira imwe yashobora kwiga Imenyekanishamana

risihingiye k’ukugerageza gusobanura inzira yo guhishūra inkuru ya Bibiliya hakurikijwe urukurikirane


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rw’ibihe uhereye ku ntango ukageza ku iherezo. Muri uyo murongo w’iyo nkuru, insanganyamatsiko y’ingenzi

n’ibitekerezo bigenda bigaruka muri Bibiliya, bifasha mu guhoza ijisho no “kwongera ibindi bisobanuro” ku

bijyanye n’inkuru ya Bibiliya yo mu urwego rusange. Akenshi, izi nsanganyamatsiko, na Bibiliya ubwayo,

bivuga kuri Yesu kandi bigasohorezwa muri We (reba Luka 24:25-27; Yoh 5:39, 46). Zimwe mu

nsanganyamatsiko n’ibitekerezo by’ingenzi n’ibi bikurikira:

1. Isezerano n’isohozwa ryaryo. Imana n’iyo kwizerwa, n’ugusohoza amasezerano yayo izayasohoza;

akenshi amasezerano yayo asohozwa mu buryo butunguranye. Isohozwa ry’amasezerano y’Imana

ribonekera muri Kristo Yesu. Nk’uko Paulo abivuga muri Abef 1:9-10, “Itumenyesheje ubwiru bw’ibyo

ishaka ku bw’ineza y’ubushake bwayo, ari byo yagambiriye kera kugira ngo ibihe nibisohora ibone uko

iteraniriza ibintu byose muri Kristo, ari ibiri mu ijuru cyangwa ibiri mu isi.”

2. Amasezerano Makuru y’Imana. Imana yashyizeho umubare runaka w’amasezerano y’ingenzi makuru

(ubwumvikane bwo mu buryo bwo mu ruhame) mu rugendo rw’amateka ya Bibiliya. Amasezerano

makuru y’ingenzi n’aya akurikira: Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Nowa (Itang 8:20-9:17); Isezerano

Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu (Itang 12:1-3; 13:14-17; 15:1-21; 17:1-21; na 22:15-18); Isezerano

Rikuru ryahawe Mose (Kuva 19-24), rizwi na none ku izina ry’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera (2 Abakor

3:14; Abaheb 8:6, 13); Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi (2 Sam 7:8-17; Zab 89:1-4); n’Isezerano

Rikuru Rishya (Yer 31:31-34; 32:40; Ezek 36:22-28; 37:15-28; Luka 22:20; 1 Abakor 11:25; 2

Abakor 3:6; Abaheb 8:6-13; 10:15-17). Mu nzira nyinshi, umugambi wose w’Imana w’ugucungura

ushobora kurebwaho nk’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu. Nk’uko

urugendo rw’inkuru y’ugucungurwa rukomeza, Amasezerano Makuru nk’uko yagiye ahabwa

Aburahamu, Mose, na Dawidi yose abonera isohozwa ryayo mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya—kandi iryo

Sezerano Rikuru rikabonera isohozwa ryaryo muri Kristo n’ubwoko bwayo; ari bo Torero.

3. Ikigereranyo – N’Ikinyuranyo cyacyo; Igicucu – N’Icy’ukuri cyacyo. “Ikigereranyo” n’ikintu

cyabayeho nyuma kikajya kubyara icy’ukuri cyacyo mu bihe byakurikiyeho, ariko na none kidasohoza

icyo kintu” (Danielou 1960: 125); isohozwa ryacyo rihora ari iryo mu urwego rwo hejuru kuruta icyo

kigereranyo cyangwa se icyo gicucu. Nk’uko umugambi w’Imana ugenda ushyirwa mu bikorwa uko

ibihe bigenda bisimburana, ubwa mbere yahamagaye Aburahamu, nyuma ihamagara Isaka, hakurikiraho

Yakobo uwo yaremeyemo ubwoko bwa Isirayeli, kugira ngo ibyari umugambi w’Imana bisohozwe.

Ariko na none, mu buryo bw’imenyekanishama cyangwa se bw’umwuka, ingero cyangwa se inzego zo

mu Isezerano rya Kera—urugero Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero, uburyo bwo gutamba ibitambo,

iminsi mikuru n’Iminsi y’Inzibutso y’Abisirayeli, Amategeko, Igihugu cy’Isezerano, Ubwami, Siyoni,

Yerusalemu, na Isirayeli ubwayo—byerekana “ingero” cyangwa se “ibicucu” byerekeza kuri ejo hazaza,

ari byo Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, cyangwa se Ibifatika byo mu buryo bw’umwuka (Abagal 4:21-31;

Abakol 2:16-17; Abaheb 8:5; 9:15-10:22; 12:18-24). Ibifatika by’ukuri, ingero n’ibicucu, ibyo

Isezerano rya Kera ryerekezaho bibonerwa muri Kristo, itorero, ijuru, Yerusalemu Nshya, n’ijuru rishya

n’isi nshya. Nk’uko Leonhard Goppelt abivuga, “nta gishushanyo na kimwe kiriho kiri hejuru ya Kristo,

We aza ari ikinyuranyo n’Ishusho yo mu Isezerano rya Kera ryose” (Goppelt 1982: 116).

4. “Iki cyo gukoresha igihushane” (urugero, Imana ihitamo umuto, umunyantege nke, uwo hanze)

kugira ngo isohoze imigambi yayo, ni cyo gishyirwa imbere mu Byanditswe byose. Ubuntu bw’Imana

n’amahitamo yayo bitavogerwa birasobanurwa neza muri iki gice cyose: Urugero, Seti mu mwanya wa

Kayini (Itang 4:25); Isaka mu umwanya wa Ishimayeli (Itang 17:18-19; reba na none Abar 9:6-9);

Efurayimu mu mwanya wa Manase (Itang 48:8-21); Yuda mu mwanya wa bakuru be (Itang 49:1-12).

Ibi byerekana yuko Imana idashyira imbere imbaraga, icyubahiro n’ubukire nk’uko isi ibigenza;

ahubwo ubuntu bwayo buhitamo “umuto kuruta bose” (reba Mat 25:40, 45). Imana yakomeje

gukoresha ubwo buryo uko bukeye uko bwije: Urugero, yahisemo Mose mu mwanya wa Farawo (Kuva

2:1-14:31; Abaheb 11:25-29); Isirayeli mu mwanya w’amahanga (Guteg 7:7-8); Dawudi mu mwanya

w’abavandimwe bakuru be (1 Sam 16:1-13); Salomo mu mwanya w’abavandimwe bakuru be (1 Abami

1:5-40; 1 Ngoma 3:1-5); Umupfakazi w’umunyamahanga w’i Serafati mu mwanya w’abapfakazi ba

Isirayeli (1 Abami 17:9; reba Luka 4:25-26); Namani umunyasiriya mu mwanya w’ababembe

b’Abisirayeli (2 Abami 5:1-14; reba Luka 4:27). Yesu na We ubwe yari umukene, umugaragu wa bose

(Mat 20:25-28; Abafil 2:5-8).’ Bityo, aratubwira ati, “ariko mwebweho, ntimukabe mutyo, ahubwo

ukomeye muri mwe abe nk’uworoheje, n’utwara abe nk’uhereza” (Luka 22:26). Aravuga ati, “Umuntu

ushaka kuba uw’imbere n’abe inyuma ya bose, ndetse abe n’umugaragu wa bose” (Mariko 9:35; reba

na none Mariko 10:42-44; Yoh 13:12-16). Yongeraho ati, “Uworoheje muri mwe hanyuma y’abandi

bose, uwo ni we mukuru” (Luka 9:48). Yanzura avuga ati, “Nuko uzicisha bugufi nk’uyu mwana muto,

ni we mukuru mu bwami bwo mu ijuru” (Mat 18:4; reba na none Mariko 10:14-15).


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5. Ubunyage n’ugutahuka. Insanganyamatsiko y’ubunyage n’ugutahuka n’imwe mu nsanganyamatsiko

zo mu urwego rwo hejuru ziri muri Bibiliya. N’insanyamatsiko itagarukira ku bunyage bwo mu buryo

bw’uturere gusa, ahubwo ivuga ku insanganyamatsiko yo mu urwego rwo hejuru kurushiriza—

gutandukana n’Imana. Turabona ibijyanye n’ibisobanuro by’iyi nsanganyamatsiko itangirira kuri

Adamu na Eva, boherejwe mu bunyage bakurwa mu ngobyi nk’ingaruka y’icyaha cyabo (Itang 3:23-

24). Kayini yaciriweho iteka ryo “kuba inzererezi ku isi” kubera icyaha cye cyo kwica Abeli (Itang

4:9-15). Imana yabwiye Aburahamu ngo ave mu gihugu cye no mu muryango we ajye mu gihugu

Imana izamwereka (Itang 12:1). Yakobo yibye Esau umugisha we nk’umwana w’imfura, abeshye se,

nyuma ategerezwa guhunga aba mu bunyage kumara imyaka myinshi mbere yuko agaruka mu gihugu

cye (Itang 27: 1-45). Dawidi ahunga Sauli nyuma ahunga Abusalomo mbere yuko agaruka mu

umwanya we (1 Sam 27: 1-3; 2 Sam 2:1-4; 15: 13-16; 19:8-15). Ibisa n’ibi byongera kuba kuri

Isirayeli muri rusange. Ubwa mbere, bakoze imirimo y’uburetwa muri Egiputa. Na none bageze mu

gihugu cy’isezerano, bajya kure y’Imana, baratotezwa, batakira Imana basaba ugutabarwa, babona

ubutabazi buturutse ku bacamanza, bwajya bumara igihe gito. Iryo shyanga risenga izindi mana, nyuma

bajyanwa mu bunyage i Babuloni. N’inyuma yo kugaruka mu gihugu kwabo, abahanuzi bavuze ku

ugutaha gushya, igihugu gishya, n’ubutegetsi bushya bw’Imana. Birtyo, ubunyage bwo mu buryo

bugaragara n’ishusho y’ugutandukanywa n’Imana. Kristo ni we uzana ukugaruka ku Mana mu buryo

nyabwo kandi buramye, ibi na byo bizasohorera mu buryo bufatika mu ijuru rishya n’isi nshya

bizahoraho igihe Imana na Kristo bazatura hagati mu bantu babo bati “tuzamubona uko ari” (1 Yoh

3:2).

6. Uburyo Imana Igenza mu bijyanye n’Imibanire: Imana itangiza ikintu kandi ikagikora kubera ubuntu

bwayo; abantu bayo na bo basabwa kubyakirana ukwizera. Imana yahoze yifuza kubona ubwoko

bwihariye bwayo. Bityo, ijambo ryakomeje kujya rigaruka n’iri: “Nzaba Imana yabo, na bo bazaba

Ubwoko bwanjye” (reba Itang 17:8; Kuva 6:7; 29:45; Abal 26:12; Yer 7:23; 11:4; 24:7; 30:22; 31:1,

33; 32:38; Ezek 11:19-20; 14:10-11; 36:28; 37:23, 27; Hos 2:23; Zak 8:8; 13:9; 2 Abakor 6:16; Abaheb 8:10; Ibyah 21:3). Imikorere igenda igaruka muri Bibiliya yose yātuma abantu bagendana

n’Imana nk’uko bikwiye, abantu bayo na bo bakabyakirana ukwizera (bisobanura cyane-cyane

“Ukwizera n’Ukwubaha, biturutse ku mutima”).

a. Igihe ikorera abantu bayo, Imana ibikorana ubuntu; n’igihe ihana abakoze ibyaha,

igaragaza ubuntu bwayo. Imana yatangije ibyo ngibyo igihe yaremaga Adamu na Eva nyuma

ikajya ibasura, ikanaganira na bo mu ngobyi ya Edeni (Itang 2:7, 15-25; 3:8). Nyuma yuko

Adamu na Eva baguye mu cyaha, kubera ubuntu bwayo, Imana yahise ishyiraho uwo mugambi

w’ugucungura mu gutanga isezerano ry’Umukiza (Itang 3:15) no gutamba inyamaswa mu

buryo bwo kubambika (Itang 3:21). Kubera ubuntu, Imana yahisemo Nowa n’umuryango we

irabarokora igihe yarimburaga abandi bantu bose bo ku isi mu mwuzure, Nowa yabyakiranye

ukwizera (Itang 6:5-22). Imana yatoranyije Aburahamu, na we abyakirana ukwizera (Itang

12:1-5; 15:5-6). Kubera ubuntu bwayo, Imana yohereje abahanuzi ngo bagabishe Isirayeli ku

ngaruka z’ibyaha byabo no kubagarurira ku ubukiranutsi. Ubwa nyuma, kubera ubuntu bwayo,

Imana yahindutse umuntu inyura muri Kristo Yesu kugira ngo akure abantu mu byaha byabo

kandi agarure imigenderanire myiza hagati y’Imana na kiremwamuntu.

b. Kubera ko kamere y’abantu ari icyaha, ntibashobora “kugororerwa” cyangwa se “ngo

bakore” ibiri mu nzira y’imigenderanire myiza n’Imana (Ibyak 13:39; Abagal 2:16; 3:11; Abef

2:1-3, 12). Inzira imwe yonyine yatuma abantu babana n’Imana nk’uko bikwiriye, n’uko

bakwakirana ukwizera ibyo Imana, mu buntu bwayo, yabakoreye. Kubera iyo mpamvu,

igitekerezo kijyanye n’ukwizera hamwe n’ukunamba ku Mana—“umukiranutsi azabeshywaho

n’ukwizera”—aya magambo aguma aguruka muri Bibiliya yose (Habak 2:4; Abar 1:17;

Abagal 3:11; Abaheb 10:38; reba na none Yoh 6:27-29; 20:26-29; 1 Yoh 3:23). Ikibabaje

n’uko abenshi mu bantu badashyira ukwizera kwabo mu Mana, n’ubwo hagiye haboneka

“amasigarira yakomeje kuba abizerwa” bo bashoboye kubikora batyo (1 Abami 19:11-18;

Abar 11:1-5; reba na none Luka 18:8).

2. UMURONGO NGENDERWAHO W’INKURU YA BIBILIYA

I. Irema (Itangiriro 1-2)

“Irema s’ikibazo kivuga ku ntangiriro y’ibintu gusa, ahubwo n’icy’intego n’imibanire” (Goldsworthy

1991: 92). Mu gihe cy’irema, turabona Imana nka Yo sōko y’ibintu byose. Ikindi n’uko, mu gihe cya mbere


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cy’irema, tubona ko buri kintu ari nka “neza cyane” (Itang 1:31)—urugero, Imana, umwana w’umuntu,

inyamaswa, ibiterwa, n’ibindi biremwa byo mu buryo bugaragara bisohoza umugambi byaremewe kandi

bigendana neza hagati yabyo. “Abashakashatsi b’Ibyanditswe babonye ko ibice bya mbere by’igitabo

cy’Itangiriro . . . byashyiriweho gusubiza ikibazo cy’impamvu ki buri kintu kimeze uko kiri. Itsinda rimwe

ry’ibibazo ibice bya mbere by’igitabo cy’Itangiriro bisubiza n’iri ngiri: ‘Ni kuki abantu bari uko bari? Ni kuki

abantu bakomeza gushakisha kwunguka ubwenge? Ni kuki abantu baguma bashakisha kugendera hejuru y’isi?

Ni kuki bakomeza bashakisha uburyo bavumbura ibishya, uburyo bushya bwo gukoreshamo umutungo

“kamere” w’isi? Ni kubera iki bakoresha ubukorikori, basīga, bashushanya, bubaka amazu, bandika muzika

n’ibisigo? Ni kubera iki bakomeza gukora ubushakashatsi ku ubugeni, ubumenyi na tekinolojiya?’ Igisubizo

cyo mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro 1 ni: Uko ni kwo Imana yaremye umuntu. Umuntu n’ishusho y’Imana. Imana

n’Umuremyi kandi ni Yo Mwami. Nk’ishusho yayo, umuntu ararema kandi agategeka.” (Leithart n.d.: n.p.)

A. Umurongo Ngenderwaho wa Bibiliya utangirira ku ijambo Imana (Itang 1:1) 1. Imana Yonyine ni Yo ihoraho kandi yihagije. Imana si kimwe mu bice bigize isi n’ijuru kandi ijuru

n’isi si byo bigize Imana. Uretse Imana, buri kintu cyose kiriho (ibifatika; abamrayika; biremwa muntu,

etc) cyaremwe n’Imana kandi kibeshejweho n’Imana (Ibyak 17:28; Abakol 1:17; Abaheb 1:3). Ibi

rero byerekana ko Imana nyakuri itandukanye n’ “ibigirwamana” by’andi madini. Imana itandukanye

n’igitekerezo cy’iburasirazuba (Hindu; Ababudiste) cy’uko Imana hamwe n’ibigaragarira amaso byose

bigize “ikintu kimwe” (urugero, igitekerezo cya monisimu-monism). Imana na none itandukanye

n’amadini ashingiye ku mico (harimo n’ariya aherereye i Burasirazuba bwo hino igihe Bibiliya

yandikwaga), yizera ko ibintu bitinyagambura bifite “imyuka,” kandi yuko abantu ba mbere bagizwe

n’ibice bibiri, igice kimwe n’abantu, ikindi n’utumana.

2. Imana ni Yo yonyine yihagije. Hari Imana imwe gusa, ariko n’igifite ubugingo kitoroshye

gusobanura, gitandukanye n’ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Bityo, n’ubwo hariho Imana imwe gusa,

ibaho mu baperesona batatu (Ubutatu): Data; Umwana; n’Umwuka Wera. Ibi n’iby’ingenzi. Iyo Imana

yari kuba igizwe n’ikintu kimwe gusa (nk’uko Abisilamu bafata Allah), aho kuba Ubutatu, ntiyokabaye

yihagije: urugero, yari kwisanga ikeneye kurema ibindi biremwa kugira ngo ijye isabana na byo.

Noneho, Imana ntiyigeze ikenera kurema ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose (reba Ibyak 17:24-26)—yari ijya

ifite ubusabane bushingiye ku rukundo rwuzuye hagati muri abo baperesona batatu bagize Ubutatu

mbere yuko irema isi. Bityo, Bibiliya (bitandukanye n’uko Korowani ibivuga) itubwira yuko “Imana ari

urukundo” (1 Yoh 4:8).1

B. Imana yaremye buri kintu cyose ihereye ku ubusa 1. Isi ntiyari igizwe n’ikintu cyo mu buryo bugaragara cyabayeho mbere; nyuma Imana ikagikoramo

inyenyeri cyangwa se ibimera cyangwa se inyamaswa. Ahubwo, icyo Imana yakoze cyabaye kuvuga

cyangwa se gusohora amateka, nyuma isi ibona kubaho ivuye mu busa (Itang 1:1, 3, 6-7, 9, 11, 14-16,

20-21, 24, 26-27). Ahandi hose mu Isezerano rya Kera n’Isezerano Rishya, Bibiliya yemera ibisa n’ibyo

(reba Kuva 20:11; 31:17; Zab 8:3-5; 33:6; Mat 19:4; Yoh 1:3; Ibyak 14:15; Abar 11:36; 1 Abakor

8:6; Abakol 1:16; Abaheb 11:3; Ibyah 4:11).2

2. Kiremwamuntu yabaye igikorwa cy’intashyikirwa cy’irema Imana yakoze. Biremwa muntu ni byo

byonyine byavuzwe ko byaremwe “mu ishusho y’Imana” (Itang 1:26-27); Imana iha umugisha

umugabo n’umugore (Itang 1:28); kandi Imana ivugana na bo kandi isābāna na bo (Itang 1:28-30;

2:16-17, 19; 3:8-9). Icyongeweho, Imana imaze kurema ibintu, ibimera cyangwa se inyamaswa, Imana

yahita ivuga yuko ibyo yaremye ari “byiza” (Itang 1:4, 10, 12, 18, 21, 25), nyuma yo kurema biremwa

muntu, Imana ibona yuko “byiza cyane” (Itang 1:31).3

1 Ibijyanye n’uko Imana yihagije, itandukaniro riri hagati y’UWITEKA na Allah, n’Ubutatu mu Imana imwe byasobanuwe

mu buryo bwimbitse muri Menn, Ubukristu na Islam: Ibya ngombwa by’Imenyekanishamana (2015-2016), Igice cya 4—

UWITEKA na Allah, bibonwa ku ubuntu kuri “ECLEA Courses & Resources” urupapuro rwa ECLEA website

(www.eclea.net). 2 Iby’uko iyo minsi itandatu Imana yakoresheje mu ukurema ari iminsi itandatu nk’uko igenda ikurikirana nk’uko bivugwa

mu Itangiriro 1 cyangwa se nimba ari imvugo yo mu buryo bw’ishusho; n’ibintu byaganirwaho. Reba David G. Hagopian,

ed., Ibiganiro ku Gitabo cy’Itangiriro: Uburyo butatu bwo kuvuga ku bijyanye n’iminsi y’Irema - Three Views on the Days

of Creation (Mission Viejo, CA: Crux, 2001). 3 Uburebure bw’amajyepfo ku bijyanye n’uko Kristo ari we mutima w’inkuru ya Bibiliya bubonekera no ku kigereranyo

hagati y’irema n’urupfu n’ukuzuka bye: “Ku wa gatanu, umunsi ugira gatandatu w’icyumweru, Yesu ahagarara imbere ya

Pilato, wahise avuga ati, ‘dore wa muntu!’ [Yoh 19:5], bihwanye n’iremwa rya kiremwa muntu ku munsi ugira gatandatu

w’irema. Ku musaraba, ni ho Yesu yarangirije igikorwa Data yamuhayeho inshingano [Yoh 17:4], cyarangiye havuzwe


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3. Inkuru ivuga ku irema yo mu Itang 2:4-25 ibangabanganywe cyangwa se yuzuzanya n’indi nkuru

ivuga ku irema iri muri Itang 1:1-2:3. Inkuru yo Itang 2:4-25 irasubira inyuma ikuzuzamo izindi nkuru

zo mu buryo burambuye ziri mu Itang 1:26-27 zivuga uburyo Imana yaremye kiremwamuntu.

Umugabo n’umugore bari mu mugambi w’Imana uhereye kera kwose (reba Itang 2:18-25). Ibi

bisobanura yuko kamere n’inshingano z’umugabo n’iz’umugore biruzuzanya ariko ntibyashobora

guhinduranywa rwose (reba 1 Abakor 11:3-15; Abef 5:28-32; 1 Tim 2:11-13), n’ubwo urwego rw’iryo

hinduranya rwashobora kuganirwaho.

4. Abagabo n’abagore bombi bambaye ishusho y’Imana. Insobanuro y’ibanze ku “umuntu”

(Igiheburayo, adam) n’ikomatanyirizwa hamwe rivuga “inyokomuntu, abantu,” harimo umugabo

n’umugore. Ibi bivugwa mu buryo busobanutse mu Itang Itang 1:26, havuga ngo, “Tureme umuntu,

agire ishusho yacu . . . batware.” Itang 1:27 harabisobanura neza yuko umugabo n’umugore

bavugwamo mu urwego rumwe, mu gihe havuga ngo, “Imana irema umuntu [adam] ngo agire ishusho

yayo, afite ishusho y’Imana ni ko yamuremye, umugabo n’umugore ni ko yabaremye.” Nyuma yaho, mu

Itang 1:28 Imana I“ba”ha umugisha (umugabo n’umugore) ku urwego rumwe nyuma ivugana na “bo”.

Mu Itang 1:29, igihe Imana ivuga “Mbahaye ibimera byose byera imbuto,” “ba” yerekana yuko ari mu

bwinshi, aho kuba mu ubumwe.

C. Imana yaremye kiremwamuntu kugira ngo ategeke ibyaremwe byose (Itang 1:26-28) 1. Kuba Adamu na Eva barabanye n’Imana mu Ngobyi ya Edeni biduha inzira ku bijyanye n’Ubwami

bw’Imana. “Igihuye n’Ubwami bw’Imana n’iki ngiki: Nta na kimwe mu byo Imana yaremye byose

gifite inenge n’imwe. Irabikunda kandi irabitegeka. Ubwami bisobanura yuko ibintu byose byaremwe

bifitanye isano hagati yabyo, n’ukuvuga ngo, uko ni kwo Imana yabishakaga, hagati ya buri cyaremwe

na kigenzi cyacyo, no hagati yacyo n’Imana ubwayo.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 99)

2. Adamu na Eva bategetswe “kwororoka no kugwira no kwuzura isi, kwimenyereza ibiri muri yo”

(Itang 1:26-28). Mu gihe kiremwa muntu yaremwe mu buryo bwihariye “Mu ishusho y’Imana,” mu

kuzana isi munsi y’ukwubaha itegeko ry’Imana, abantu bari bakwiye gukwiza icyubahiro cy’Imana ku

isi yose. Ubwo “bubasha bwo gutegeka” buvuga yuko bari kwagura imbago za Edeni kugeza bageze ku

isi yose. Muri ukwo kwagura Edeni ikagera ku isi yose, Adamu na Eva n’urubyaro rwabo bari

guhindura isi ikagira ishusho y’ijuru: urugero, isi yuzuyemo abantu bejejwe.4

3. Kwiringira ijambo ry’Imana ni cyo cyonyine cyatuma kiremwa muntu ashobora gutegeka isi nk’uko

bikwiriye. “Igihe Adamu yaha ibikōko byose amazina, yahise atangira urugendo rwo kudondora uko

buri gikōko giteye, kubishyira mu byicyiro; aho ni ho umutima w’ubumenyi bushingiye ku ubumenyi

cyangwa se siyansi uri. Ariko ibyo ntibyigeze bimuha kumenya uburyo we ubwe akwiye kugendana

n’Imana cyangwa se n’isi bitanyunyuze mu ubugenzuzi gusa. Ijambo ry’Imana ni ryo ryonyine ryaje

kuri Adamu rimumenyesha uburyo akwiye kugendana n’Imana hamwe n’ibijyanye no kugendana n’isi.

Ijmabo ry’Imana ni ryo rimenyesha umuntu yuko akwiye kuba umunyasiyansi n’ufata neza isi aho kuba

umukonikoni n’ukoresha ububasha afite kugira ngo akoreshe isi mu kugera ku byo yifuza.”

(Goldsworthy 1991: 99)

II. Ukugwa kw’Umwana w’Umuntu n’Ingaruka zakwo (Itangiriro 3-11:26)

A. Adamu na Eva bakora icyaha, birukanwa mu ngobyi (Itangiriro 3) 1. Bibiliya irasobanura neza yuko Satani “yaguye” mbere y’icyaha cya Adamu na Eva, mu gihe Satani

ari we yashutse Adamu na Eva, arababeshya ku bijyanye n’imiterere n’ingaruka yo kurya ku urubuto

rwo gutandukanya icyiza n’ikibi (gereranya Itang 2:16-17 na Itang 3:1-4). Bityo Yesu yavuze kuri

Satani atya“yahereye kera kose ari umwicanyi” n’“Umunyabinyoma kandi ni we se w’ibinyoma” (Yoh

8:44-45).

akaruru k’intsinzi (tetelestai, ‘birarangiye’, [Yoh 19:30]), bihuye n’irangizwa ry’irema ubwaryo. Hakurikiraho, nk’uko biri

mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro, umunsi w’akaruhuko, umunsi w’isabato [Yoh 19:31]; nyuma y’ibyo, igihe hari hakiri umwijima,

Mariya Magadarena aza ku gituro ‘ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru’. . . . Umurimo wa Yesu wo ku mugaragaro ukwiye

gufatwa nk’irangizwa ry’iremwa rya mbere, ukuzuka na kwo kugafatwa nk’itangiriro ry’iremwa rishya.” (Wright 2003:

440) 4Abar 8:29, 2 Abakor 3:18, Abef 4:22-24, n’Abakol 3:9-10 mu nsobanuro imwe n’imwe, aha hose havuga yuko, “ishusho

y’Imana” yatosekajwe igihe icyaha cyazaga ku isi ariko none yarimo isubizwa ubwiza bwayo mu bantu b’Imana igihe

barimo binjira mu mibanire na Data y’agakiza kabonerwa muri Yesu Kristo, buhoro buhoro bakagenda basa na Yesu.

“Inshingano Nkuru” Yesu yahaye abigishwa (Mat 28: 18-20; reba na none Ibyak 1:8) isohoza, mu buryo bwimbitse kandi

bwo mu umwuka ya “nshingano umwana w’umuntu yahabwa yo gutekeka isi.”


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2. “Kumenya icyiza n’ikibi” (Itang 2:17) bisobanura ubwigenge bwo mu urwego rw’imyitwarire

cyangwa se ukwiyobora.

a. “Igiti cyo kumenya icyiza n’ikibi” nticyari igiti cyo mu buryo bw’ubukonikoni cyaremaga

ubwenge muri uwo wese wakiryagaho. “Ahubwo Imana yaremye icyo giti nk’urugabano rwo

kwerekana itandukaniro hagati y’ikibi n’icyiza. Mu yandi magambo, amahitamo ya Adamu na

Eva ntiyari hagati y’ubujiji n’ukumenya icyiza n’ikibi, ahubwo byari hagati yo kuguma ari beza

cyangwa se bagahitamo guhinduka babi. Uburyo iki kibazo kimeze n’uko amahitamo yose bari

gukora bari kumenya na none gutandukanya icyiza n’ikibi. Bari ibyaremwe byahawe kumenya

ibyemewe n’ibitemewe bari kumenya ukuri n’ikinyoma binyuze mu buryo bazitabira itegeko

ry’Imana.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 98) Iyo batsinda ikizamini, uburyo bari kwizera no kwubaha

Imana byari kuba igihamya cy’uko ari beza, kandi bari kubimenya. Bamaze kunanirwa

ikizamini, ukutizera Imana kwabo no kugomera Imana kwabo byahise bibagira abantu bafite

ikibi imbere muri bo, kandi na byo bari kubimenya.

b. Mu byanditswe byo mu IK (2 Sam 4:17; 1Abami 3:9) ijambo “icyiza n’ikibi” rijyanye

n’ubushobozi bwo gufata icyemezo mu urwego rw’ubutabera. Bityo, icyari kibujijwe ku muntu

cyari ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo ku bijyanye n’ikimufitiye umumaro n’ibitawumufitiye.

Imana ntiyahaye ububasha umuntu bwo gukora ibyo kubera ko Imana izi byose, ifite ubwenge

bwose, kandi ifite urukundo rwose. Bityo, Imana ishobora gufata icyemezo cy’ukuri kandi

kirangwamo ukuri, kiri mu nyungu zo mu urwego rwo hejuru ku umwana w’umuntu; ibihe

byose. Igihe umuntu akoze mu mbaraga ze gusa, aba yishyize hagati mu ruziga mu bijyanye

n’imyitwarire ye kandi yifatira icyemezo ku bijyanye n’ikibi cyangwa se icyiza. Bityo

agerageza kuba “nk’Imana” (reba Itang 3:5, 22). Ariko, kubera yuko umuntu atazi byose,

adafite ubwenge bwose, adafite urukundo rwuzuye, iby’agerageza bijyanye no kumera

nk’Imana bizatsindwa. Ahubwo, azarangiza akora nk’ “imana y’iki gihe” (2 Abakor 4:4),

n’ingaruka zimwe.

3. Satani yinjira mu nzoka kandi ibeshya Eva (Yoh 8:44; 2 Abakor 11:3; Ibyah 12:9). Nubwo Eva

yashutswe, “gucunga umutekano w’ingobyi n’ibyari biri muri yo byose yari inshingano za Adamu

[Itang 2:15], bityo yabwirizwaga na we kumucunga. . . . Yananiwe gucunga ingobyi bituma umwanzi

ayinjiramo” (Jordan 1988: 137). Adamu yari ahari ari kumwe na Eva, nta cyo yakoze kugira ngo

agerageze kumuhagarika, kandi, nta kubeshywa kwahabaye, ahubwo ku bushake bwe yahisemo

gukurikira umugore we muri icyo cyaha (Itang 3:6; 1 Tim 2:14). Nk’uko James Boice abivuga, “Iyo

Adamu atabeshywa, nk’uko 1 Tim 2:14 habivuga neza, bityo abwirizwa kuba yakoze icyaha azi neza

icyo yari agiye gukora. Bityo, yahisemo kurya azi neza yuko agomeye Imana.” (Boice 1986: 196) Ibi

bishobora kuba ari yo mpamvu icyaha cy’Adamu ni kinini kuruta, ari na cyo bivugwa yuko ingaruka ku

bandi bantu bose zikomoka kuri Adamu aho gukomoka kuri Eva (reba Abar 5:12-14, 17-21; 1 Abakor

15:21-22).5

4. Ingamba Satani yakoresheje zihuye n’ibigeragezo duhura na byo.

a. Yegereye Eva ubwa mbere. Iki cyari ubwenge bwo gutangirira kuri uriya atahawe itegeko

n’Imana mu maso mu yandi no guhanganisha umuntu na mugenzi we.

b. Yerekeje ikigeragezo cye ku cyo Imana yari yabujije mu itegeko rye. N’ubwo Imana yari

yabahaye ibihagije, Satani we yerekeje ku cyo babujijwe gukora, bityo aba abashizemo

igitekerezo kitari cyo mu bwenge bwabo ku bijyanye n’ukuri.

c. Yashatse uburyo yatuma bashidikanya ku ukuri ku bijyanye n’Ijambo ry’Imana (3:1). Mu

kubaza “mbese n’ukuri ko Imana yavuze, ‘Ni ukuri koko Imana yaravuze iti ‘ntimuzarye ku giti

5 Mu buryo busobanutse, Adamu yiswe “ishusho” ya Kristo mu Abar 5:14 (reba na none 1 Abakor 15:22, 45-47 aho

umurimo wa Adamu n’uwa Yesu bivugwa nk’ibihabanye, Kristo akitwa “Adamu wa nyuma”, akitwa kandi “umuntu wa

kabiri”). Bityo, Adamu na Kristo “buri wese akora nk’uhagarariye isezerano; bityo uburyo buri wese yitabiriye itegeko

ry’Imana bugira ingaruka kuri abo bose buri wese ahagarariye. . . . Aho itandukaniro rigaragarira n’uburyo buhabanye

cyane Adamu na Kristo bifashe imbere y’itegeko ry’Imana; bityo ingaruka kuri abo bose bari bahagarariwe muri ibyo bintu

na zo ziratandukanye cyane. Kubera yuko Adamu atumviye, abo yari ahagarariye bose bafatwa nk’abanyabyaha, bacirwa

urubanza rwo gupfa. Kubera ko Kristo yumviye, abo ahagarariye bose bafatwa nk’abakiranutsi, bityo bagahabwa ubugingo

([Abar] 5:15-21).” (Johnson 2007:202-2003) Ibi bigaragaza uburyo igihabanye n’ikimenyetso ari cyo sohozwa ryacyo kiba

kiri hejuru ya cya kimenyetso (igicucu), kandi ikigaragaza itandukaniro hagati yabyo cyama kihari. Nuko rero, igihe tureba

ku bimenyetso mu Ibyanditswe, “isesengura ryacu ribwirizwa kwerekeza ku kigize icyo byagenewe bisa na Kristo ariko na

none hakarebwa ikigize isohozwa ryabyo gitandukanye n’isohozwa ryo mu buryo bwuzuye kandi butunganye bwa Kristo”

(Ibid.: 203).


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cyose cy’iyi ngobyi’?” Satani yagerageje gushyiramo urujijo ku bijyanye n’ukuri kw’ibyo

Imana yategetse.

d. Yarabeshye arwanya ijambo ry’Imana (3:4). Igisekeje, ukuri Satani yagabyeho ibitero

n’ikijyanye n’uburakari n’ingaruka z’icyaha. Nk’uko byagenze kuri Adamu na Eva, tugira

ikibazo cyo guhitamo: Ni nde tuzizera? Munsi y’ingamba za Satani (n’iz’isi), Ijambo ry’Imana

“ntiricyemerwa nk’uko ari ryo kuri kwuzuye, noneho rikagarurwa ku urwego rw’ijambo

ry’icyaremwe. Imana hamwe n’Ijambo ryayo bisigaye bifatwa nk’uko ari abatware bato

babwirizwa kunyuzwa munsi y’ubugenzuzi bw’abatware banini kurushiriza. Na none, inzoka

ishyiramo umwete: Ntivuga yuko abantu bakura ibirego byabo ku Mana bakongera

bakabiyigarurira, ahubwo ko bo ari bo bari bakwiye gushyira ku munzane iby’uko Imana ivuga

ko ari inyakuri. Ingaruka ya nyuma isa n’uko bahaye Satani umwanya w’Uwiteka, ariko ibi

bigakorwa biremwamuntu batarakabibona.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 104)

e. Yibasiye imiterere y’Imana ubwayo (3:5). Mu by’ukuri, Satani yavuga yuko nta rukundo

Imana yari ibafitiye kuko yashyizeho urugabano batabwirizwa kurenga mu bijyanye n’ibyo

bemerewe kurya, n’uko kandi bakwiye kugendera munsi y’ubushobozi bw’Imana ku bijyanye

no kumenya icyiza n’ikibi, aho kubareka bakikoreshereza ubwenge bwabo.

f. Satani yishingikirije ku ubwibone bwa kiremwa-muntu. Satani yemereye Eva yuko ni

yagomera Imana ni ho azabona ubugingo (“gupfa ntimuzapfa”), ubwenge (amaso yanyu

azahweza), no kugira ubwigenge mu myitwarire (“mukamenya icyiza n’ikibi”), umunezero wo

gushyirwa ku ntera yo hejuru cyane (“mugahindurwa nk’Imana”). Bitandukanye n’ibyo bari

biteze, icyemezo Adamu na Eva bafashe ni cyo urupfu rushingiyemo, kuko ibyo ari byo

ugutandukana n’Imana. Ishingiro ry’icyaha cyabo kwari ukutizera (urugero, kubura ukwizera,

n’ukwiringira Imana byagaragariye mu ukutumvira Imana). No guhera mu ntango ya byose,

umugambi w’Uwiteka Imana wari uko abantu bazamutumbira no kumwizera ku bijyanye

n’ukuri kw’icyiza n’ikibi, no ku uburyo twari dukwiye kubaho ubuzima bwacu—urugero,

“umukiranutsi azabeshwaho n’ukwizera kwe” (Habak 2:4; Abar 1:17; Abagal 3:11; Abaheb

10:38).

5. Ingaruka z’icyaha cya Adamu na Eva ntizagarukiye kuri bo gusa ahubwo zageze kuri buri wese mu

mateka yose y’isi.

a. Mu mwanya w’uko byabazaniye umunezero no gutera imbere, icyaha cya Adamu na Eva

cyabyaye ukwicira urubanza, isoni, ubwoba, ugutandukana n’Imana n’ibindi biremwa, no

gutandukana hagati yabo ubwabo, nyuma yabyo urupfu (Itang 3:7-19). Adamu na Eva bifuzaga

kwiyobora (urugero ubwigenge; kwitandukanya n’Imana), kandi barabibonye. Ariko na none,

ukwo kwitandukanya n’Imana ni mo urupfu na kuzimu bishingiye. “Ukugwa kwerekanye

itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ubugingo n’urupfu. Imana ni Yo sōko y’ubugingo, bityo

ukutayumvira biganisha ku urupfu (Itangiriro 2:17). Ubugingo bisobanura ubugingo bwo mu

buryo bw’umwuka, ubugingo nyakuri aho umuntu agumana n’Imana. Ku munsi Adamu na Eva

bariye kuri cya giti Uwiteka yababuzaga, bahise bapfa mu buryo bufatika no mu buryo

bw’umwuka. Ariko urupfu rwo mu buryo bufatika n’ingaruka y’uru rupfu rwo mu buryo

bw’umwuka. Kubera yuko biremwa muntu bahebye kandi basenye ubugingo bwabo nyakuri

bagendanagamo n’Imana, n’ubugingo bwabo bwo mu buryo bufatika bwahise burimbuka.

Urupfu rwo mu buryo bufatika n’igihano n’ikimenyetso cy’ubuhombe bukomeye cyane bwo

mu buryo bw’umwuka.” (Poythress 1991: 83-84) Kubera ibyo bakoze, Adamu na Eva bahuye

n’isoni rishingiye ku uburyo bambaye ubusa (Itang 3:7-10). Imibonano mpuzabitsina yabo yari

ihagije kugira ngo babone ko batameze nk’Imana: Ntibashoboye kugira icyo barema uhereye ku

ubusa (nk’uko Imana yabikoraga), ahubwo bo icyo bakora kwari ukwororoka gusa. “Bityo

imibonano mpuzabitsina ibibutsa [cyangwa se yari kuba yabibukije] ibijyanye n’uburyo

bakeneranye n’ibibazo bijyanye na byo [cyangwa se byari kuba byarabahwituye] ku bijyanye

n’uburyo batekereza kubona ubwigenge n’ukwifuza kumera nk’Imana” (Goldsworthy 1991:

105).6 Mu buryo bw’ingaruka z’ibyabereye mu murima, Imana irareka abantu bakagira inzira

zabo no guhura n’ingaruka zabyo (reba Kuva 16:1-20; Kubara 11:18-20, 31-34; Abar 1:24,

26, 28).

b. Ibihano Imana yagennye (Itang 3:16-19) ku muntu (imiruho) no ku mugore (Kubyara)

6 Nyuma y’uko Eva “asoroma ku mbuto zacyo, arazirya” (Itang 3:6), Yesu Kristo yabwirijwe guhonja ku bukene n’urupfu

imbere y’aya magambo “arasoroma, ararya” (Mat 26:26) ahinduka amagambo y’agakiza aho kuba amagambo y’urupfu.


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bigendana n’imibabaro, buri gihano kijyanye n’iby’ibanze by’ubuzima ku bagore no ku

bagabo. Ikindi, Itang 3:16b n’ishusho y’intango y’ukutumvikana hagati y’umugabo n’umugore

na/cyangwa se intambara ishingiye ku bubasha bushingiye ku gitsina—uhereye icyo gihe

ukageza uyu munsi imibanire hagati y’abagabo n’abagore irangwa n’agatotsi k’icyaha. (reba,

e.g., ibitekerezo bikurikira bitandukanye bivuga ku bijyanye n’uburyo ihuriro cyangwa se

itandukaniro hagati y’ “ukwifuza” n’ “ugutegeka” muri 3:16 rimeze: Busenitz 1986: 203-12

[umugore azahora yifuza umugabo we nko mu gihe cyabanjirije Ukugwa, ariko na none ukwo

kwifuza n’ugutegeka byandujwe n’icyaha]; Cassuto 1961: 165-66; [nk’uko umugore yatumye

umugabo akora icyifuzo cye, n’ubwo azakomeza kumwifuza, ubu azamutegeka kandi azatuma

akora iby’umugabo we yifuza]; Walton 2001: 227-28 [icyifuzo cy’ibanze cy’umugore kugira

abana gishyira umugabo mu umwanya w’ugutegeka]; Stitzinger 1981: 41-42 [“ukwifuza”

n’ikintu gituma umugore ajya mu umwanya w’ugutegekwa, ariko “gutegeka” bisobanura yuko

umugabo noneho azayobora mu buryo bw’igitugu]; Foh 1974-75: 376-83 [icyifuzo cy’umugore

n’ugufata umugabo we mu maboko ye, ubutegetsi bwe nk’uko byashyizweho n’Imana bizasaba

imbaraga nyinshi]).

6. Bibiliya ivuga yuko abantu bose babaye umwe na Adamu (“muri Adamu”), Adamu nka we mutwe

wacu cyangwa se uduserukira (reba Abar 5:12-19; 1 Abakor 15:21-22; gereranya na Abaheb 7:9-10).

Birtyo, kubera icyaha cy’Adamu, inyokomuntu bose iyakira: ukwiciraho urubanza “bishingiye ku

mategeko” byo ku urwego rw’isi, bikaganisha ku ukwononekara kw’ubwenge (Zab 51:5; Yer 17:9;

Abar 3:9; 7:14-25), bikaganisha ku cyaha cya buri muntu utuye isi (Abar 3:10-18, 23), bikaganisha ku

ukwicira urubanza bya buri wese utuye isi. Iby’uko inzira nyakuri n’impamvu byatumye urubyaro

rw’Adamu rwisanga rugirwaho n’urubanza kandi rwarahumanye kubera icyaha cya Adamu, n’ikintu

cyaganirwaho. Ibi bikurikira ni byo byo guhabwa agaciro:

a. Akenshi Bibiliya ifata umuryango cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu “nk’abantu benshi bahurira mu

umuntu umwe” (reba Yos 7:10-26; Abar 5:12-19; 1 Abakor 15:21-22). Ibi ni kimwe n’ukubona

Adamu mu ishusho ry’urubuto cyangwa se nk’umuzi w’igiti, abamukomokaho na bo

bakabonwa mu ishusho y’amashami n’amababi: Byose bigize igiti kimwe; amashami n’amababi

byombi bibonera ubugingo bwabyo mu rubuto no mu umuzi. Adamu, nka we mutwe wa

kiremwa muntu, yabyaye ibiremwa byaguye kandi by’ibyigomeke nk’uko na we yari ameze

igihe yacumuraga. Kuba ari we mutwe wa twese “birimo inyungu iri hejuru ari yo yo kwitwa

sekuruza w’amahanga byonyine. Birimo na none ishema ryo kugira ubushobozi bwo

gusobanukirwa icyo kuba umuntu bisobanura [reba Itang 5:3; 1 Abakor 15:49]. . . . Nimba

hariho abantu ku giti cyabo bakwifuza kubihakana, n’iki bashingiraho? Jye simbona ikintu

bashingiraho, cyangwa se inkingi bubakaho ibosobanuro byabo, mu gihe umudendezo wa buri

wese muri bo udafite icyo ushingiyeho cyihariye. Imana yaremye uwo mudendezo nk’uko

yabaremye, iwuremera muri Adamu kandi aba ari we binyuzwaho, nka kimwe mu bigize

kamere ya Adamu.” (Blocher 1997: 130)

b. Mu gihe Adamu yaremwe ata cyaha afite, akaba yari afite inyungu zishingiye ku giti cye no

ku byari bihari icyo gihe, nta wundi muntu umuruta wari uhari wo guserukira kiremwamuntu.

Nka we uduserukira, icyaha cya Adamu, n’urubanza rwe, byahindutse ibyacu (reba Johnson

1974:298-316). Ibibaho mu mateka n’ikintu cyagereranywa n’ishyanga: “igihe umukuru

w’igihugu runaka atangaje intambara ku kindi gihugu, abana bavutse muri icyo gihe

cy’intambara bose na bo bahinduka abari muri iyo ntambara. Ku bijyanye na Adamu, ingaruka

y’ibi ikorera mu urwego rwimbitse kurushiriza, kubera ihuriro ryacu na Adamu (n’ukuvuga

umuntu), kandi kubera ko iryo huriro rishingiye ku Mana ‘kuko muri Yo dufite ubugingo

bwacu, tugenda kandi turiho’.” (Blocher 1997: 129)

c. Ntibyari ngombwa yuko Imana ikora icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo bose bahumane

nk’ingaruka y’icyaha cya Adamu. “Byonyine kuba Imana yahise yisokōra muri iyo mibanire

yayo n’uwo muntu wigometse, nk’uko byari ngombwa kandi bikwiriye yuko ibikora ityo,

amahame ye y’umwimerere agahita ahabwa akato, birahagije ko ari we yikorera ingaruka

z’ukwo guhumana no gukomeza gucumura ku Mana” (Edwards, 1984, Icyaha cya Mbere: 219).

d. Ingaruka z’Ukugwa, n’iz’uko turi “muri Adamu,” n’uko ku ubwacu gusa, tutari muri Kristo,

twapfira mu bicumuro no mu byaha byacu” (Abef 2:1). Ibi bisobanura yuko, kuri buri wese,

hariho uguhumana n’ukwononekara kwuzuye (ibi byitwa na none imbaraga z’icyaha kiba

imbere muri twe) kigira ingaruka kuri buri kintu cyose kitwerekeye, harimo n’uburyo

twiyumvira, dutekereza, tuvuga, dukora, twiyumva, tubana n’abantu n’uburyo tubana n’Imana.


14

Ingaruka z’uku kwononekara n’uko, hatabayeho ugutabarwa guturuka kuri Kristo, ntidushobora

kuza kuri Kristo no kumwizera (Yoh 6:44, 65; Abef 2:6-9); ntidushobora na gato kubona

ubwami bw’Imana (Yoh 3:3, 5); no kugendera mu mategeko y’Imana no kuyumvira (Abar 8:6,

8); ntidushobora gusobanukirwa na gato ukuri kwo mu buryo bw’umwuka ku bijyanye n’Imana

(1 Abakor 2:14); ntidushobora na gato kunezeza Imana (Abaheb 11:6); twabaswe n’icyaha, isi,

inyama, na Satani, ntidushobora kwegera ubugingo bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kandi

tugendera munsi y’urubanza n’uburakari bw’Imana (Abar 6:16-17; Abef 2:1-3) (see also

Edwards, 1984, Original Sin: 143-233; Owen 1979: passim).

7. Icyaha cya Adamu cyagize ingaruka ku byaremwe byose. “Iremwa rirahari kubera inyungu zacu.

Biremwamuntu biserukira ibyaremwe byose kugira ngo Imana ibone uburyo igendana n’ibindi

byaremwe ishingiye ku buryo igendana n’abantu. . . . Igihe umuntu aguye kubera icyaha, ibyaremwe

bihita bigwana na we.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 96) Ikindi, Adamu yakira bimwe mu bigize imiti

yakoreshaga mu ukwivura: Amaze kutumvira amategeko y’Imana, ubu rero, ibindi byaremwe byose,

ibyo yari agiye gutegeka, na byo bizamwigomekaho. “Umuvumo ku butaka ni wo muvumo kuri

Adamu. Umwami w’isi nta mugaragu yubaha agifite uzaturuka mu butaka. Uburenganzira bwo kurya

ku mbuto zose zo mu ngobyi bwasimbuwe n’umuruho wo kubona isi itanga ibyo kurya byacu bya buri

munsi. . . . Iherezo ry’umwana w’umuntu n’ukuba ibiryo by’isi igihe asubijwe mu butaka aho

yakomotse.” (Ibid.: 106) Ingaruka z’ukugwa ku urwego rw’isi zavuzweho mu Abar 8: 18-25 (“kuko

ibyaremwe byose byashyizwe mu bubata bw’ibitagira umumaro,” yuko na “byo bizabaturwa munsi

y’ubwo bubata bwo kubora,” kandi “ibyaremwe byose binihira hamwe bikaramukirwa hamwe kugeza

n’ubu”).

8. No mu rubanza yaciriye Adamu na Eva, Imana yagaragaje imbabazi zayo.

a. Mu mpu z’inyamaswa, Imana yakoreye Adamu na Eva imyenda ibakwiriye (Itang 3:21). Iyi

n’ishusho y’agakiza dufite muri Kristo: Uburyo Adamu na Eva badodera hamwe ibibabi by’ibiti

n’ishusho y’agakiza kubera ibikorwa. Mu buntu bwayo, Imana yabahaye imyenda ibakwiriye,

na cyane-cyane igihe bari bagiye gusohoka bakava muri iyo ngobyi, bakinjira mu yindi si nshya

ariko irangwamo ubwanzi (Itang 3:17-19, 23-24). Ariko na none, imyenda Imana yabahaye

yaturutse mu kiguzi—byabaye ngombwa yuko inyamaswa zipfa, nk’igikorwa cy’ubuntu, “Igihe

twari tukiri abanyabyaha, Kristo yaradupfiriye” (Abar 5:8) kugira ngo twambikwe mu

ugukiranuka kwe (Yes 61:10; Zak 3:4; 2 Abakor 5:21; Abagal 3:27; Ibyah 3:5).

b. N’ubwo Imana yirukanye Adamu na Eva mu ngobyi (Itang 3:22-24), ntiyigeze ikuraho

ubusonga bwabo hejuru y’isi yose (gereranya Itang 2:15 na 3:23). Na none, ukubirukana mu

ngobyi kwayo byorohereje Imana gushyiraho igikorwa cy’uko umuntu yororoka agategeka isi

(Itang 1:28).

9. Mu Itang 3:15 Imana yatangaje ku nshuro ya mbere umugambi wayo ku gakiza k’isi: “Nzashyiraho

urwango hagati yawe n’uyu mugore no hagati y’urubyaro rwawe n’urwe, ruzagukomeretsa umutwe

nawe uzarukomeretsa agatsintsino.” Itang 3:15 yiswe “protoevagelium (‘ubutumwa bwiza bwa

mbere’) kubera yuko ari ryo tangazo ry’umwimerere ry’isezerano ry’umugambi Imana yari ifitiye isi

yose. . . . Urubyaro/abazagukomokaho bivugwa muri uyu murongo kubera yuko umuzi w’isezerano ryo

mu isezerano rya Kera ryo kuzahabwa Mesiya ni mo ushorera. Uyu murongo ni wo mubyeyi w’andi

masezeano yose.” (Kaiser 1995: 37-38) Dushingiye kuri ubu buhanuzi, ūzakomoka ku rubyaro

rw’umugore (yitwa Kristo) azatangariza urupfu rwa Satani ku musaraba, muri icyo gihe Satani na we

azakomeretsa agatsintsino ka Kristo, cyangwa se amubabaze. Na none, aya magambo ahujwe n’itegeko

ry’uko Adamu na Eva batazashobora kurya ku giti cy’ubugingo (Itang 3:22), byemeza yuko batari

gukomeza kuba mu cyaha iteka ryose. Ahubwo, abazabeshywaho n’ukwizera Kristo bazashobora kurya

ku giti cy’ubugingo mu isi nshya bakiranutse iteka ryose (Ibyah 22:2).

B. Ingaruka z’Ukugwa—Uhereye kuri Kayini ukageza ku Umunara w’i Babeli (Itangiriro 4-11:26) “Nyuma yuko Adamu na Eva bakoze icyaha, urubyaro rwabo rwakomeje gutegeka isi. Ikibazo s’uko

bategekaga. Ahubwo, Itang 4 herekana uburyo bagize uruhare mu guteza imbere muzika, gukoresha ibyuma,

ubworozi, ubugeni, na politike (‘Kayini yubatse umujyi’, v. 17). Ikibazo nyamukuru cy’umugabo

w’umunyabyaha s’uko yanze gutegeka isi, ahubwo n’uko yayoboye isi mu nzira itubaha Imana. Imiyoborere ya

mwene Adamu n’ukuyobora hamwe no kuzamura izina rye, aho kuzamura izina ry’Uwiteka Imana.

Abanyabyaha bagerageza gutegeka isi mu gihe na bo ubwabo bagendera munsi y’ububata bw’icyaha. Imana

yaremye Adamu na Eva kugira ngo bubake igisa n’umujyi wayo ku isi. Abuzukuru babo bubaka umujyi

w’umuntu wahumanye.” (Leithart n.d.: n.p.)


15

1. Kayini n’urubyaro rwe (Itang 4:1-24).

a. Kuri Kayini tubonamo ukugwira kw’icyaha: Ukutubaha Imana7 (4:3); umujinya (4:5);

ishyari, ukubeshya no kwica (4:7-8); kubeshya (4:9); ukwikubira no kwikunda (4:13-14); kujya

kure n’Imana (4:14, 16). Ukugwira kw’isi biragaragarira mu buryo icyaha cya Kayini kitabaye

icyo kwica uwo ari we wese ahubwo cyabaye icyo kwica uwo bavaga inda imwe kandi wari

“umukiranutsi” (Mat 23:35; Abaheb 11:4). Na none, murebe uburyo Imana ari inyabuntu igihe

yabuzaga barumuna we na bashiki ba Kayini kuzamwica (Itang 4:15).

b. Ukugwa kwa Lameke, Umwuzukuru wa Kayini (4:18-19, 23-24), kwabaye ukwo kugera hasi

cyane: N’umugabo w’inshirukanya kandi n’umwirasi; ajya kubiri n’icyifuzo Imana yari ifite

cy’uko umugabo azarongora umugore umwe (Itang 2:23-24; Mat 19:3-6). Kurongora abagore

benshi s’umugambi w’Imana. Muri Bibiliya ugushaka abagore benshi bigaragara nk’ikintu kibi

kuko biganisha ku ngaruka mbi. Bityo, ntibitangaje kubona uburyo umuntu wa mbere washatse

abagore benshi ari we Lameki, yari umugabo yishimira guhohotera abandi, watangaje ko

yigometse ku Mana mu buryo bwose bubaho igihe yajyaga yica abantu benshi cyane abahora

akantu gato ako ari ko kose; no kuvuga yuko Imana imwemerera kwihorera (reba Guteg 32:35).

Ukwatura kwe yuko azihorera abandi “inshuro mirongo irindwi” (Itang 4:24) bihuzwa

n’ijambo Yesu yavuze yuko dukwiye kubabarira abatugirira nabi “inshuro mirongo irindwi

karindwi” (Mat 18:21-22).

2. Uhereye kuri Seti ukageza kuri Nowa (Itang 4:25-6:8).

a. Ishusho iri hejuru y’andi yo mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro ivuga ku ikoreshwa ry’imitwe

y’amagambo isa n’iyi mu gutangira inkuru y’urutavanaho ku bisekuruza mu gitabo cyose. “Ibi

biboneka muri 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12,19; 36:1, 9; 37:2. Igihuriweho muri iyi

mitwe y’amagambo n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryitwa [Toledot—risobanura “uru(im)byaro”;

urunganwe; inkuru; urutonde; aho ibintu byanditswe]. . . . Imitwe y’amagambo ishingiye kuri

[Toledot] ifasha mu buryo bubiri. Ubwa mbere, bihuye n’umutwe w’amagambo utangiza buri

gice cyo mu bitabo bya none. Imwe muri iyo mitwe itangiza ibice bivuga inkuru, mu urwego

rushya rwo mu bice bigize inkuru z’icyo gice. . . . [Uburyo bwa kabiri imitwe y’amagambo

ishingiye kuri Toledot] yerekeza ubwenge bw’usoma ku muntu runaka n’urubyaro rwe rwa

bugufi. Ibi bifasha umwanditsi w’igitabo cy’Itangiriro gukurikirana ubutunzi bw’urubyaro

rw’umuryango uvugwaho bitabaye ngombwa kuvuga kuri buri kintu kijyanye n’ubuzima

bw’abandi bagize imiryango ibashamikiyeho.” (Alexander 1993: 258, 259)

b. Uhereye mu Itang 4:25 inkuru yibanda ku rubyaro rwa Seti. Bityo, Toledoti ya Adamu,

uhereye ku Itang 5:1 yibanda kuri Seti no kuri bamwe mu bagize urubyaro rwa Seti. Bibiliya

ibikora itya mu bushake bwayo kuko abantu ivugaho cyane n’ab’ingenzi kuri iyi nkuru ikomeza

kugaruka.8

c. Toledot ya Adamu na yo n’iy’ingenzi kubera indi mpamvu: Nyuma yo kuvuga imyaka buri

wese yagiye amara ku isi n’abamukomokagaho b’ingenzi, ayo makuru agenda agaruka ku

ijambo ngo, “arapfa” (Itang 5:5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 27, 31). Ibi bishimangira ingaruka

“y’umuvumo” wakomotse ku cyaha cya Adamu (reba Itang 2:17; 3:19). N’ubwo abantu

7 Ituro rya Abeli ryari rishingiye ku ukwizera (Abaheb 11:4); irya Kayini ryo si cyo ryari rishingiyeho. Bityo, ituro rya

Kayini ryari rishingiye ku “bikorwa,” urugero, ugushaka kugerageza Imana. Nyuma ituro rya Abeli ryari rigizwe

n’iby’uburiza n’urugimbu uburyo bwo kwemera yuko uburumbuke mu matungo ye bukomoka ku Mana, bityo yuko

amatungo yose ari ay’Uwiteka. Ituro rya Abeli ryari rigizwe n’amatungo yo mu mukumbi we yaruta andi mu ubwiza

(urugero, “ibinure byayo”). Ibi bisobanura yuko ituro rya Kayini ryo ntiryari iryo mu mushyuzo w’ibisarurwa bye, ahubwo

ryari rigizwe n’imbuto zimwe na zimwe zo mu butaka”—bityo, bitandukanye n’ituro rya Abeli, kuko ryari ituro

ritatekerejweho, ritanzwe ata kwizera, no ku mpamvu zitari nziza. Bityo, 1 Yoh 3:12 havuga ko ibikorwa bya Kayini

(bishingiye ku uburyo ituro rye ryatanzwe) “bibi” ibya Abeli na byo “ibyo gukiranuka”. John Cross atanga igitekerezo

avuga yuko itandukaniro rikomeye n’uko igitambo Abel yatanze cyari icy’amaraso yo kubabarira ibyaha mu gihe icya

Kayini cyo cyari ikindi (Cross 2014: n.p.). 8 Hari ukudahuza hejuru ya “ni bande bari ‘abana b’Imana’ n’ ‘abakobwa b’abantu’ mu Itang 6:2. Insobanuro zo mu

buryo bune n’izi zikurikira: 1. “Abana b’Imana (AI)” = Abamarayika Baguye; “Abakobwa b’Abantu (AA)” = abantu

basanzwe, bapfa; icyaha bakoze = urushako rwabayeho hagati y’ibiremwa bidasanzwe n’ibiremwa byo mu buryo

busanzwe ari byo bipfa (ariko reba Mat 22:20). 2. AI=Urubyaro rwubahaga Imana rwakomokaga kuri Seti; AA = urubyaro

rwa Kayini rutubahaga Imana; icyaha = urushako hagati y’abera n’abatera. 3. AI = Abatware bakomoka mu umuryango

umwe; AA= abantu bo mu miryango isanzwe; icyaha = gushaka abagore benshi. 4. AI = abatware bakomoka mu muryango

umwe bayoborwa n’abadayimoni; AA = Abakomoka mu miryango isanzwe; icyaha = urushako rudashingiye ku ukwubaha

Imana. Reba neza urasanga yuko mu nsobanuro zo kuri No 1 na 4 AI ni babi; mu bisobanuro bya 2 AI ni beza.


16

b’imbere y’umwuzure barambaga cyane kuruta abantu bo muri iki gihe, na none bageraho

bagapfa kuko bari bameze nka Adamu kandi bambaye ishusho nk’iye (Itang 5:3)—urugero,

kubera yuko bari bafite muri bo icyaha kibabamo. Cyakora, habayeho umuntu umwe utanyuze

mu rupfu; uwo na we ni Enoki (Itang 5:21-24). Ibi ntibivuga yuko Enoki nta cyaha

cyamubagamo (kimwe n’abandi bantu bose, na we yari agifite). Ahubwo, kuba Imana

yaratwaye Enoki n’ikimenyetso cy’ubuntu bw’Imana kuko Enoki yari “yagendanye n’Imana”

nk’umuntu wubahaga Imana.

d. Toledot ya Adamu yerekana ukugwa kw’umuntu kubera icyaha. Bitangirira kuri Adamu mu

buryo bwo kuvuga umugisha w’Imana (Itang 5:1), bikarangirira ku gahinda Imana yagize igihe

yicuzaga kuba yararemye umuntu, n’umugambi wayo wo kweza isi kubera umuntu ayibaho,

kuko “kandi kwibwira kwose imitima yabo itekereza ari kubi gusa iteka ryose” (Itang 6:5-7).

Ariko umuntu umwe ari we Nowa agirira umugisha ku Uwiteka, bityo aba yubatse ibyiringiro

muri kiremwamuntu (Itang 6:8).

3. Nowa n’Umwuzure (Itang 6:9-9:29).

a. Iki gice kirimo impaka. Gitangirira ku rubanza rw’Imana ku isi (Itang 6:11-13) ariko

ikarangirira ku uburyo yinjiye mu isezerano n’ibifite ubugingo byose yuko itazongera kandi

kurimbuza isi umwuzure (Itang 8:21-9:17). Ku rundi ruhande, iki gice gitangirana na Nowa

yavuzweho nk’ “umukiranutsi, yatunganaga rwose mu gihe cye, Nowa [wa]gendanaga

n’Imana” (Itang 6:9). Ikarangirira ku nkuru ya Nowa asinda akavuma Kanani (Itang 9:20-27).9

Icyerekana yuko Bibiliya ari inyakuri n’uko idashyayisha igihe iba irimo ivuga ku cyaha

cy’abantu kabone n’ubwo baba ari abo mu urwego rwo hejuru.

b. Inkuru ivuga ku umwuzure ifite ah’ihurira n’inkuru zivuga ku irema rya mbere no kugeza ku

“iremwa rya kabiri” ry’isi: “Isi yagizwe idashobora guturwa nyuma yo gutandukanya isi

ndimwa n’amazi (Itang 8:1-3; reba na none Itang 1:9-10). Ibiremwa bifite ubugingo bizanwa

kugira ngo byuzure isi bushya (Itang 8:17-19; reba Itang 1:20-22, 24-25). Iminsi n’ibihe

byongera gushyirwaho (Itang 8:22; reba Itang 1:14-18). Biremwamuntu bihabwa umugisha

n’Imana (Itang 9:1; reba Itang 1:28a), itegeka abantu kwororoka, kugwira no kwuzura isi’

(Itang 9:1b, 7; reba 1:28b), bahabwa ubutware hejuru y’ubwami bw’ibikōko (Itang 9:2; reba

Itang 1:28c). Imana iha kiremwamuntu—baremwe mu ishusho yayo (Itang 9:6; reba Itang

1:26-27)—ibyo kurya (Itang 9:3; reba Itang 1:29-30).” (Williamson 2007: 61) Ikindi, n’ubwo

Edeni wari umujyi war ahitereye, kumbure hakaba hari ku musozi (reba Ezek 28:14, 16), mu

gihe uruzi ruturukayo (Itang 2:10), bityo inkuge yahagaze ku misozi ya Ararat (Itang 8:4).

N’imirimo Nowa yakoze nyuma y’umwuzure ifitanye isano: Nkuko hari umurima muri Edeni

(Itang 2:15), ni na ko Nowa yahinze uruzabibu (Itang 9:20). Nk’uko Adamu yakoreye icyaha

mu ngobyi (Itang 3:6), n’umuhungu we na we agakora icyaha (Itang 4:8) ni na ko Nowa

yakoreye icyaha mu ruzabibu (Itang 9:21) n’umuhungu we na we agakora icyaha (Itang. 9:22).

4. Isezerano Rikuru Imana yakoranye na Nowa (“Isezerano rya Nowa,” Itang 8:21-9:17) ni ryo

Sezerano Rikuru rya mbere ryavuzwe mu buryo butomoye muri Bibiliya.10 Muri iri sezerano, “Imana

yerekanye ubuntu bwayo bushingiye ku mbabazi kuri kiremwa muntu bose, baba abarokowe cyangwa

se abatarokowe. . . . Yagaragaje uburyo idashaka kwemera yuko kamere y’icyaha y’umuntu idatuma

umugambi wayo yashyizeho mu Itang 3:15 uburizwamo, uburyo itashakaga yuko kamere y’icyaha

y’umwana w’umuntu idahindura itegeko yashyizeho mbere yo kugwa ‘ryo kwororoka, kugwira no

kwuzura isi.”’(Busenitz 1999: 182) Mu Itang 8:21 Imana ivuga yuko ukugwa kw’inyokomuntu ari kwo

kwatumye ishyiraho ubuntu bwayo, nk’uko na mbere yaho yari yaravuze yuko ari na cyo cyatumye

ishyiraho urubanza (Itang 6:5-7). Iyo hataba kubera ubuntu n’imbabazi z’Imana igihe yashyiraho

Isezerano Rikuru ryayo yakoranye na Nowa, inyokomuntu iba irimo yerekeza ku uguhona, nk’uko

9 Hari ukudahuza hejuru y’icyo Ham yakoze igihe “yabona se yambaye ubusa,” n’impamvu yatumye Nowa avuma Kanani

(umuhungu wa Hamu), aho kuvuma Hamu ubwe (Itang 9:21-27). Kubera yuko Itangiriro ari kimwe mu bitabo bigize

“Torah” (amategeko), rihuzwa n’Amategeko Cumi, harimo na rya rindi rivuga ngo, “wubahe so na nyoko” (Kuva 20:12;

Guteg 5:16). Bityo, igisobanuro gisa n’uko gikwiriye n’icy’uko Hamu yabonye se yambaye ubusa, bityo, kuba yabigizeho

urwenya bikaba bihwanye no kuba atubashye se. Nowa yavumye Kanani atyo kubera yuko ibyo yakoze bisa n’uko

atubashye se bwite. 10

Insobanuro y’Isezerano hagati y’Imana n’umuntu ishobora kuba “Gushyira igikumwe ku mugaragaro ku ihuriro ryari

risanzweho hagati y’amasezerano n’ibisabwa bishyirwaho ikidōdo n’indahiro” (Williamson 2007: 43; reba na none

Klooster 1988: 149; Beckwith 1987: 96). Amasezerano Makuru aruta andi muri Bibiliya n’Isezerano rya Nowa, Isezerano

rya Aburahamu, Isezerano rya Mose, Isezerano rya Dawidi, n’Amasezerano Makuru yo mu Gihe cyo mu Isezerano Rishya.


17

byagenze mu gihe cy’umwuzure. “Insobanuro ishingiye ku Imenyekanishamana y’Isezerano Rikuru rya

Nowa igizwe n’ibice bibiri bifatanye. Icya mbere ni ryo rufatizo rw’ukwizera kwacu yuko Imana ari Yo

Itubeshaho. Isezerano Rikuru rya Nowa ni ryo ritwizeza yuko Imana izakomeza uburyo ibyaremwe

bigendana, n’ubwo hariho umuvurungano ugaragara nk’ushobora kubangamira ikomezwa ryabyo. . . .

[Icya kabiri] Isezerano Rikuru rya Nowa ritanga umurongo Amasezerano yo mu bumana n’ayo mu

bumuntu akoreramo.” (Williamson 2007: 67-68)

5. Ihuriro ry’Amahanga (Itang 10:1-32). Mu mateka, ihuriro ry’Amahanga (Itang 10:1-32) rishobora

kuba ryaje rikurikira Umunara w’i Babeli (Itang 11:1-11:9), uhereye igihe habaye ibiganiro bya mbere

byo kugabanganya ibihugu hakurikijwe indimi zivugwa aho hantu. Umwanditsi w’igitabo cy’Itangiriro

yashize iyi nkuru mu za mbere kubera impamvu z’imyandikire: Ikurikirana n’amateka ya ba Shemu,

Hamu na Yafeti uhereye aho Itangiriro 9 kirangirira. Byerekana yuko, mu gihe amoko yose yo mu isi

akomoka kuri Nowa binyuze muri Shemu, Hamu na Yafeti, abantu bose bakomoka mu “maraso” amwe,

bivuga yuko bakomoka mu muryango umwe; bikaba ari isohozwa ry’itegeko ry’Imana ryo muri Itang

9:1, kandi bikerekana yuko ikwirakwizwa ry’amahanga rishobora kuboneka nk’ikintu cyiza cyangwa se

kibi (urugero, urubanza rw’Imana mu Itang 11:9).

6. Umunara w’i Babeli (Itang 11:1-9). Umunara w’i Babeli n’ikimenyetso cy’uburyo umwana

w’umuntu akomeza kwerekeza umutima we ku ukwigomeka ku Mana. Inshingano ya mbere Imana

yahaye umwana w’umuntu ni “ukwuzura isi” (Itang 1:28). Imana yakomeje gusubiriramo Nowa

n’abana be iryo tegeko mu Itang 9:1. Na none, n’ubwo habayeho igihano cy’umwuzure, umwana

w’umuntu ntiyatinze kwongera kugomera Imana: Mu mwanya wo gushaka kwuzura isi, abantu

bashimishijwe no kwigumira ahantu hamwe. Nyuma bashaka kwubaka umunara ugera mu ijuru kugira

ngo izina ryabo rishyirwe hejuru kandi ngo bamere nk’Imana (na none, nka cya cyaha cy’Adamu).

Noneho, mu gihe Imana yo yashimishwaga no guhindura isi yose ubuturo bwayo, binyuze mu kuyuzuza

abantu bera . . . Babeli yo iba ihindutse ikimenyetso cy’ukurwanya icyifuzo cy’Imana” (Alexander

2008: 31). Nuko “ukwigomeka kwa Babeli kwabaye ubuhakanyi bukomeye buruta bya bindi bya mbere

byatumye habaho umuwuzure; kuko cyari ikintu cyo mu urwego mpuzamahanga kandi cyateguwe neza.

Uwo mujyi n’umunara wawo ugera mu ijuru kwari ukugerageza guturutse ku rubyaro rwa ya nzoka kwo

gukura Imana ihoraho ku ngoma yayo y’Ubwami.” (Klooster 1988: 147) Babeli na none cyari urugero

rwa mbere rw’idini ritunganije neza ruvugwa muri Bibiliya. . . . Abantu muri ubwo buryo bwabo bwo

kugerageza kwubaka umunara ugera mu ijuru, bari bashyizeho uburyo bwabo bwo kugera aho Imana

iba.” (Cross 2012: 94) Bityo, Imana “ihita ihindura ururimi rw’abo mw isi yose ruvamo nyinshi

zinyuranye” kandi “ari Yo yabakuriyeyo akabatataniriza gukwira mu isi yose” (Itang 11:7-8).11 Iyi

nkuru yerekana uburyo icyaha cyiyubatse mu muntu. Dushingiye ku ruhande rw’imyandikire, ibi biha

umusomyi inyota yo gushakisha igisubizo ku bijyanye n’impamvu umwana w’umuntu agumana kamere

y’icyaha n’ukwigomeka ku Mana.

7. Toledot ya Shemu (Itang 11:10-26). Nyuma ya Babeli, Bibiliya yerekeza ku rubyaro rwa Shemu,

urwo Nowa n’Imana bahaye umugisha. Iyi Toledoti itwerekeza kuri Aburahamu, uwo Imana

izahamagara, nyuma ikamunyuramo mu gucungura no guhezagira isi.

11

Babeli n’ugutatana kw’abana bisobanura yuko, n’ubwo hariho amadini menshi atandukanye, hariho ubwoko bubiri

bw’amadini: Ubukristu na buri kindi cyose. Andi madini yose n’umuhate w’umwana w’umuntu wo kugira ngo agere ku

Mana, abinyujije mu bikorwa, ibitambo, imihango, n’ibindi byose. Ubukristu n’icyerekana Imana imanuka ikadusanga aha

hasi; ku bijyanye na Yesu na byo, yamanutse ku isi kudukorera icyo tutari kwishoborera twebwe. Ku munsi wa Pentekoti

(Ibyak 2:1-11), Imana yagaruye igisa n’icyabaye i Babeli. “Imana yatumye abaserukira ibyo bihugu ayo mahanga

yatatanyirijwemo ngo ahurire i Yerusalemu kugira ngo baharonkere umugisha wo gusobanukirwa indimi zitandukanye

nk’uko zaba zihinduwe ururimi rumwe. . . . Intego iri muri ukwo kugira ubusobanuro bumwe n’ukwerekana imbaraga ziri

mu mwuka wo mu bihe by’imperuka mu kugaragaza urupfu rwa Yesu, ukuzuka kwe, ukuzamuka kwe ku ntebe y’ubwami yo

mu ijuru no kwima ingoma yo kuyobora ibyo mu isi n’ibyo mu ijuru. Mu ubwami bwa Yesu no mu mbaraga zo mu umwuka

we, abaserukira aya mahanga bari ‘gukwira hose’ ubugira kabiri kugira ngo baje gucisha bugufi imbaraga z’umwanzi mu

kwuzuza isi ubwiza bw’Imana . . . Uburyo nyabwo bari gukoramo ibi ngibi byari ‘guhamya’ binyuze mu mbaraga

z’Umwuka Wera mu ijambo no mu bikorwa mu mwanya wa Yesu Kristo (reba Ibyak 1:8).” (Beale 2004: 202-03). Bityo,

“Pentekoti n’ikimenyetso cya Babeli cyo mu buryo bunyuranye; aha ni ho hasohoreye isezerano ryahawe Aburahamu,

ubumwe bushya bunyuze mu Umwuka Wera bishingiye ku gikorwa cyarangiye cya Yesu Kristo ihuza abizera bo mu

mahanga y’isi yose. Ariko ibyo bipimo by’ubuntu bw’urubanza rwa Babeli ntibyari bwagahishurirwe Aburahamu cyangwa

se bariya bahawe igitabo cy’Itangiriro ubwa mbere.” (Klooster 1988: 147)


18

III. Inkinamico y’Ugucungurwa—Imana yihamagarira Ishyanga (Itang 11:27-Ibyahishuwe 20)

A. Imana itangira bushya—uhereye kuri Aburahamu ukageza kuri Yosefu (Itang 11:27-50:26) 1. Muri iki gice cy’inkuru ya Bibiliya, ubu none Imana ihisemo umuntu umwe (Aburahamu) kugira ngo

itangire umugambi wayo wo gucungura isi. “N’ubwo hariho ukwigomeka kw’umwana w’umuntu,

Imana ntireka imigambi yari ifitiye isi yayo. Imyaka ibihumbi bibiri mbere ya Yesu, Imana itegura

umugambi uzaganisha ku ugukira ku isi. Uyu mugambi, watanzwe nk’isezerano, ufite ibice bibiri: Icya

mbere, muri icyo kivunga cy’abantu bakundaga kwigomeka, Imana izahitamo umuntu umwe

[Aburahamu]. Imana izamuhinduramo ihanga rikomeye, irihe igihugu, irihezagire. Icya kabiri, Imana

izāgura uwo mugisha iwugeze ku mahanga yose (Itang. 12:1-3; 18:18).12

Ibindi bice by’igitabo cy’Itangiriro bivuga ku bibazo iri sezerano ryo mu buryo bubiri ryagiye

rihura na byo. Iri sezerano ntiryahawe Aburahamu wenyine ahubwo na Isaka na we yararihawe (Itang.

26:3-4); n’umwuzukuru we na we Yakobo ararihabwa (Itang. 28:13-15). Ibyago byinshi bigenda biba

intambamyi ku isohozwa ry’isezerano ry’Imana: Uburemba n’ubugumba, abami b’abanyahanga

n’inshoreke zabo, ibiza, urwango hagati yabo n’abaturanyi babo, ukutizera kwa Aburahamu, Isaka na

Yakobo ubwabo. Muri ibyo byose, Imana yigaragaza nk’ ‘Imana Ishobora Byose’ (Itang. 17:1; Kuva

6:3), Yo yonyine ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora umugambi wayo.

Ari hafi kurangiza ubuzima bwe, Yakobo yimukana abahungu be cumi na babiri muri Egiputa

ahunze inzara. Inkuru iryoshye cyane y’umwe muri bo, ari we Yosefu, umwana ugira uwa cumi na

rimwe, yerekana uburyo Imana ari iyo kwiringirwa kandi ni Yo igenga ibiba mu mateka y’isi nk’uko

ishobora kurinda ubwoko izanyuzamo agakiza kayo ku isi (Itang. 45:5; 50:20).” (Bartholomew na

Goheen n.d.: 2)

2. Imana yinjira mu (“Isezerano Rikuru yakoranye n’Aburahamu,” Itang 12:1-3; 13:14-17; 15:1-21;

17:1-21; 22:15-18), iryo na ryo risohorera kuri Isaka, umuhungu wa Aburahamu (Itang 26:1-5, 24) no

kuri Yakobo, umuhungu muto wa Isaka (Itang 28:3-4, 13-15; 35:11-12). Isezerano Rikuru rya

Aburahamu, nk’uko ryari ryarasobanuwe ubwa mbere nyuma rigasobanurwa mu mivugire itandukanye

mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro, rifite amagambo y’ingenzi “atatu avuga ku Isezerano”: urubyaro rwo mu

buryo butangaje (urugero, isezerano ryerekeye ku “urubyaro”); isezerano rijyanye no kugira igihugu nka

gakondo yabo bwite (urugero, isezerano rijyanye n’ “igihugu”); n’isezerano ryo mu urwego

mpuzamahanga (urugero, isezerano rivuga yuko n’andi mahanga azabonera umugisha mu rubyaro rwa

Aburahamu) (Williamson 2000: 100-01; reba na none Kaiser 1978: 86; Essex 1999: 208; Reisinger

1998: 6). Mu gihe abantu bo muri Babeli bo bashakaga kuzamura izina ryabo (Itang 11:4), kubera

ubuntu bwayo, Imana izagira izina rya Aburahamu rigari, nyuma, izanyura muri we mu guha isi

umugisha (Itang 12:2-3).

Iri sezerano rikomeza kugaruka mu IK ryose. Mu nsobanuro zitandukanye, Isezerano Rikuru

ryahawe Aburahamu ni rwo rutirigongo rwo mu buryo bw’imenyekanishamana na wino

y’ikidōdo ku bindi bice byose bya Bibiliya. Isohozwa ry’iryo sezerano rero risohorera muri

Kristo (reba munsi y’ibi igice cya III.A. Isezerano ryahawe Aburahamu risohorera muri

Kristo n’Itorero). “Bityo, mu gihe intego za Yehova zerekeza cyane-cyane kuri Aburahamu

n’ihanga rizamukomokaho; izo ntego na zo zikaba zirangwamo icyifuzo cyo mu rwego rugari

kuruta urwa mbere: ‘Imiryango yose yo ku isi’ (Itang. 12:3 ESV) iyo miryango na yo, binyuze

muri Aburahamu, izabona umugisha. Mu yandi magambo, imigambi Imana ifitiye Isirayeli

yahoze igendera munsi y’umugambi mukuru wo ku urwego rw’isi, imigambi yayo ku miryango

yose yo ku isi.” (Williamson 2007: 84)

3. Muri Yakobo ni mo Ihanga rya Isirayeli rizubakirwa. N’ubwo Aburahamu n’umugore we Sara bari

bashaje, batagishobora ubwabo kubona abana, mu buryo bw’igitangaza, Imana yatumye babyara

umwana w’umuhungu, Isaka (Itang 18:1-15; 21:1-8). Ibyo byerekanye yuko Imana yarimo iyobora

ibintu, kugira imenyekanishe neza yuko imigambi yayo n’isezerano yakoranye na Aburahamu byari

busohozwe.13 Igihe Rebeka, umugore wa Isaka, yari atwite impanga, Umwami Imana yamubariye mu

12

Aburahamu n’indi “shusho” ya Kristo: “Yesu ni Aburahamu utunganye kuruta uwa mbere kandi w’ukuri, witabiriye

umuhamagaro w’Imana wo kuva ahantu heza yari yishimiye no kujya mu butayu, ‘atazi iy’arimo agana’ guhanga irindi

shyanga rishya” (Keller 2015: 77). Ku kimenyetso cy’itegeko ry’Imana ry’uko Aburahamu atangaho umuhungu we Isaka

(Itang 22:1-17), reba munsi gato, note 13 igice cya 3.VI.E. Yesu asohoza Umunsi Mukuru w’Amahembe. 13

Ikimenyetso cya Isaka kiragaragara: “Urugero, kwerekeza ijambo ryo muri Yohana 3:16 ku ‘umwana wayo w’ikinege’

bifite aho bihurira na Isaka muri Itangiriro 22:2, 12, na 16 (reba na none Abaheb 11:7), we, kimwe na Yesu, batambiwe

Imana nk’igitambo. (Kimwe n’ibi, ‘ntiyimanye Umwana wayo’ mu Abaroma 8:32. Iki gice gikomoza ku Itangiriro 22:16.).


19

by’ukuri, yuko amashyanga abiri yari muri we; kandi ko umukuru (Esawu) azaba umugaragu w’umuto

(Yakobo) (Itang 25:21-26). Nyuma, Imana yagiye guhindura izina rya Yakobo, imwita Isirayeli (Itang

32:24-32; 35:9-12).14 Muri Yakobo (Isirayeli) hakomotse imiryango cumi n’ibiri ya Isirayeli (Itang

30:1-24; 35:16-18, 22-27; 41:50-52; 49:1-28).

4. Imana yimurira ubwoko bwayo muri Egiputa. Abana ba Yakobo batangira kugira ingeso mbi zisa

n’iz’Abanyakanani bari baturanye (Itang 34:1-31; 35:22; 38:1-26). Iyo ibyo bikomeza bityo, Isirayeli

ntiyari gukomeza kubaho. Bityo, Imana irinda ubwoko bwayo yitoranyirije, ibakura i Kanani, ibajyana

muri Egiputa kubera icyaha cya bene se ba Yosefu, n’ugukiranuka kwe. Na none, Imana yakoresheje

icyaha cya Yuda na Tamari umukazana we nka kimwe mu bigize umugambi wayo mukuru

w’ubucunguzi (reba Itang 38:12-19; Rusi 4:18; Mat 1:3). Inkuru ya Yosefu (Itang 37; 39-50) yerekana

ubwa mbere uburyo Isirayeli yageze muri Egiputa, n’uburyo Imana yarimo ikora ibijyanye n’isohozwa

ry’umugambi wayo, uwo yari yaragejeje kuri Aburahamu imyaka magana mbere y’icyo gihe (Itang

15:13-14).15 Kuba Abisirayeli barabaye muri Egiputa byashyizeho intera iganisha ku icyagira

gikurikireho cy’umugambi w’Imana utangaje, ari wo Ugusohoka.

5. Imana irakora mu mateka (akenshi binyuze mu bihe n’ibikorwa by’abantu byo mu buryo bugaragara

mu maso yacu nk’ “ibisanzwe” aho kuboneka nk’ibidasanzwe) kugira ngo bimenyeshe yuko umugambi

wayo urimo usohora. Ibishika kenshi mu mateka bisa n’ibishaka kuburizamo isohozwa ry’amasezerano

y’Imana. “Icy’ingenzi kuri ibi n’uko ibishaka kuburizamo isohozwa ry’amasezerano y’Imana byubatse

muri iki yuko ayo masezerano azasohozwa n’igikorwa cy’Imana cyo mu urwego rudasanzwe. S’ikintu

kiri munsi y’ubushobozi bw’umwana w’umuntu; na none s’ikintu cyo mu urwego rwo mu mateka

asanzwe.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 121)

B. Intangiriro ry’Ishyanga rya Isirayeli—Uhereye kuri Egiputa ukageza ku Gihugu cy’Isezerano (Kuva – Gutegeka kwa Kabiri)

16

1. Muri iki gice cya kabiri kijyanye n’inkinamico ivuga ku ugucungurwa, Isirayeli ihinduka igihugu,

ibona ubwigenge buyivana mu bucakara munsi ya Egiputa, nk’imbuto y’ukwiringirwa kw Imana igihe

isohoza isezerano ryayo na Aburahamu, Isaka na Yakobo (Kuva 2:24).

a. Imyaka magana ane irashize mbere y’uko inkuru itangira. “Urubyaro rwa Aburahamu ruzwi

ku izina rya Isirayeli (izina Imana yahaye Yakobo), rugwirira cyane muri Egiputa. Ariko

amahirwe na yo ajya agendana n’ibibazo byayo. Umwami wa Egiputa atangira kubona yuko

iryo hanga nyamuke ririmo rigwira rishobora kubaviramo akaga. Mu buryo bwo kubonera

umuti icyo kibazo, Farawo aba ahinduye Abisirayeli abacakara. Igitabo cyo Kuva gitangirana

Iby’ingenzi bijyanye n’iri sesengura bivugwa mu nzira nyinshi: (1) Isaka n’ishusho ya Kristo. (2) Kimwe n’uko byagenze

kuri Kristo, ukuvuka kwa Isaka kwabaye ukwo mu urwego rw’igitangaza. (4) Kimwe na Kristo, Isaka ni we mwana

w’ikinege ukunzwe cyane. (5) Isaka na Yesu babaye ‘abana bahuje n’imibabaro.’ Isaka yababajwe mu ishusho

y’Umucunguzi; Yesu na We yabaye Umwana wababajwe, Ucungura. (6) Nk’uko Aburahamu yerekanye urukundo yari

afitiye Imana hamwe no kuyubaha abinyujije mu ugutangana ibyishimo umwana we akunda cyane, w’Ikinege; ni na kwo

Imana Data wa Twese yerekanye urukundo ifitiye isi yaguye ibinyujije mu ugutanga Umwana wayo w’Ikinege yakundaga

cyane nk’igitambo gitambirwa ibyaha. (7) Nk’uko Aburahamu yizeye yuko Imana yari kuzura Isaka imukura mu bapfuye

(Abaheb. 11:19), ni na kwo n’Imana na Yo yabikoze igihe yazura Umwana wayo Yesu, imukura mu bapfuye.” (Johnson

2007: 9n.26). Nkuko twabivuze mbere y’ibi, isohozwa riba ryiza kuruta igicucu cyabyo. Bityo, Isaka yarubashye, ibi

byashobora gushyira ubugingo bwe mu kaga. Ukwumvira kwa Kristo kwo kwamutwaye ubugingo bwe. Isekurume

y’intama yagiye mu cyimbo cya Isaka kugira ngo abone ubugingo bwe bwo mu buryo bw’umubiri; Kristo yabaye igitambo

gisimbura kugira ngo abantu be babone ubugingo buhoraho. 14

Yakobo yakiranye n’Imana (Itang 32:24-32) igihe Imana yahinduraga izina rya Yakobo rikaba Isirayeli nk’ikimenyetso

cy’uburyo Isirayeli izahora ikirana n’Imana mu mateka y’ubuzima bwayo bwose (reba Hos 12:1-6). 15

Yosefu na we ni we gicucu kindi cya Kristo, kimwe n’ibindi bimenyetso byose, isohozwa ryacyo ni ryiza cyane hejuru

y’igicucu. Kimwe na Yosefu, Yesu “yanzwe n’abe (Yohana 1:11[gereranya Itang 37:18-24]) kandi yagurishijwe mu

mafeza (Mat 26:14-16 [gereranya Itang 38: 26-28]).Yanzwe kandi yahemukiwe na bavandimwe be, ashyirwa mu nzu

y’imbohe hadakurikijwe amategeko no gucirwa urubanza rwo gupfa. Na we yarasenze cyane, asaba nimba yasimbuka

igikombe cyari kimutegereje. Ariko iyo turebye amasengesho ya Yesu, dusanga yuko, We kimwe na Yosefu, avuga ati, iki

n’ ‘igikombe cya Data’ (Yoh 18:11 [gereranya Itang 50: 20]). Imibabaro ni kimwe mu bigize umugambi mwiza w’Imana. .

. . Abanzi be bari babiteguyemo ikibi, ariko Imana irabibirindura ibihinduramo agakiza ku buzima bwa benshi [Abar 5:18-

19; gereranya Itang 45:5, 7-8; 50:20]. Ubu na ho yarazamutse mu ijuru aho yicaye i buryo bwa Data wa Twese, ayobora

amateka y’isi yose ku nyungu zacu, atuyobora kandi aturinda [Abef 1:20-22; gereranya Itang 41:41-57; 45:7-11].” (Keller

2013: 268) 16

Inshamake y’inkuru ya Isirayeli ivugwa muri Yos 24:1-13; Neh 9:5-37; Zab 105:1-45; 106:6-46, na Ibyak 7:2-53.


20

n’igihe uburyo Abanyegiputa batotezaga Abisirayeli bwari bumaze kugera ku urwego rwo

hejuru cyane. Muri iyi nkinamico y’akababaro kenshi n’igitugu, Imana ihitamo Mose kugira

ngo abohore Isirayeli ku ntwaro y’igitugu ya Egiputa kugira ngo bagaruke ku Mana.

Mu mpanuka nyinshi zagiye ziba hamwe n’ibyago cumi Imana yahayeho igihano imana

z’Abanyegiputa (Kuva 12:12) ni mo Isirayeli yaboneyemo kurokoka iva mu maboko y’ingabo

za Egiputa mu buryo bw’igitangaza; bambuka Inyanja Itukura. Ubu noneho Isirayeli iba igeze

ahantu iri buhurire n’Imana—ku Musozi Sinayi. Aho hantu Imana ihahurira na Isirayeli mu

buryo bw’imirabyo n’umuriro. Ni kuki Imana yakoreye Isirayeli ibyo byose? Hari igikorwa

Imana yari yabateganyirije. Bari bagiye kuba ishyanga n’ubwami bukora umurimo

w’ubutambyi. Umurimo wabo n’uwo kuba umuhuza hagati y’umugisha w’Imana ku mahanga

n’uburyo bwo kwitwara nk’ubwoko bw’intangarugero burehereza amahanga yose ku Mana

(Kuva 19:3-6). Uwu ni wo muhamagaro uzatunganya Isirayeli kugira ngo: Ibe ihanga

ry’intangarugero imbere y’andi moko, ryambaye ubwiza bw’ishusho yashyizeho ku buzima

bw’umwana w’umuntu. Imaze kubaha uwo murimo, Imana yabahaye amategeko azayobora

ubuzima bwabo, ubwoko bwa Isirayeli na bwo bugahita bwiyemeza kubaho nk’ihanga ryizerwa

ry’Imana. Imana ibategeka kwubaka ihema izaturamo. Uhereye icyo gihe, aho bajyaga hose,

Imana yaba iri hagati muri bo mu buryo bugaragara.

Mu gitabo cy’Abalewi, tubona uburyo Isirayeli igiye kubaho, igendana n’Imana

nk’ihanga ryera. Igitabo cyo Kubara kirimo inkuru y’urugendo rwa Isirayeli uhereye kuva

Sinayi ukagera Kanani. Ariko, kubera kutizera kwa Isirayeli, babaye mu butayu imyaka

mirongo ine mbere yo kugera i Mowabu, ku gicaniro cy’igihugu cy’isezerano. Mu gitabo cyo

Gutegeka kwa Kabiri, Mose, umuyobozi wa Isirayeli, abaha amabwiriza y’ukuntu bazitwara mu

gihugu cyabo. Isirayeli iriteguriye kugera mu gihugu—biyemeje kuba ihanga ry’Imana no

kwereka amahanga abagose kamere y’Imana n’ubwenge bwayo bwagaragariye mu ishusho

y’ubuzima bw’umuntu uhereye igihe cy’iremwa rya mbere. Isirayeli irimo yitegurira kwinjira

mu gihugu cy’isezerano, Mose aba arapfuye, Yosuwa ahita ahabwa ubuyobozi.” (Bartholomew

na Goheen n.d.: 2-3)

b. Ikiganiro hagati y’Imana na Mose ni cyo kiyobora iki gice cy’Ibyanditswe. Igikorwa Imana

yakoreye Isirayeli cyari gishingiye ku isezerano yakoranye na Aburahamu (Kuva 2:24).17 Mu

byo Imana yiyerekeye Mose—“NDI UWO NDI WE” (Kuva 3:14)—aha ngaha Imana yarimo

ibwira Mose yuko, “Nta wumeze nkanjye, kandi uwo ndi we azagaragarira mu byo nkora” (reba

Kuva 3:13-22).18 Kamere y’Imana n’umwimerere wayo bisobanurwa mu buryo busesuye

kurushiriza mu Kuva 34:6-7. Mose ubwe ni we uvugwa kenshi kuruta abandi bose mu

Isezerano rya Kera. Bamuvugaho inshuro 770, 1/3 cyazo kikaba kiri mu gitabo cyo Kuva.

N’ubwo habayeho kugendana kwa hafi na hafi Mose yagiranye n’Imana kumara imyaka

mirongo ine, kwo mu buryo bw’umwihariko, kurangwamo ibitangaza, kuba Mose ataserukiye

kamere y’Imana mu buryo bwuzuye (Igihe yakubitaga urutare rw’i Meriba mu mwanya wo

kurutegeka gusa), byatumye Mose atageza Abisirayeli mu gihugu cy’isezerano (Kubara 20:8-

13).

2. Gusohoka (Kuva) cyabaye ikintu cyafashweho icyemezo kubera Isirayeli yo mu IK.

a. Gusohoka (Kuva) n’ikintu cyabayeho mu mateka, cyo mu buryo bufatika, cyabaye ishusho

y’ukuri kwo mu buryo bw’umwuka bijyanye n’abantu b’Imana bose babayeho mu mateka. “Mu

Isezerano rya Kera ryose, guhindūra igihugu bigaragazwa nk’igicucu cy’ibizaba ejo hazaza cyo

kuzabaho nk’ubwoko bw’Imana mu Ubwami bwayo. Ariko nta kimenyetso cyo mu buryo

bufatika cyigeze gitangwa ku bijyanye n’inzira nyayo umwana w’Imana uwo ari we wese

yanyuramo kugira ngo agere mu ubwami bw’Imana. Kubera ibi, byari ngombwa yuko abana

b’Imana banyura mu inararibonye yo mu buryo bw’ishusho yo gucungurwa bavanwa mu

maboko y’ihanga rikomeye ry’abanyamahanga.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 130-31) Na none Kuva

17

Igihe Imana yarimo ikorana Isezerano Rikuru na Aburahamu, yaranamubwiye yuko urubyaro rw’Aburahamu

ruzakoreshwa ibikorwa by’ubucakara, rugatotezwa mu gihugu kitari icyabwo kumara imyaka 400, ariko rugatahukana

ubutunzi bwinshi (Itang 15:13-14). 18

Igiteye amatsiko, kuramya Imana mu ijuru kwerekeza ku uwo Imana iri (Icyubahiro cyayo; kamere yayo iteye ubwoba),

n’icyo Imana yakoze, icyo irimo ikora n’icyo izakora (irema; agakiza; ubutware bwayo; Guca imanza kwayo kwo mu bihe

bizaza)— reba Yes 6:1-8; Ibyah 4-5; 7:9-17; 11:15-19; 15; 19:1-6. Kamere yayo n’ibikorwa byayo na byo byerekezwaho

ukuramya kwacu muri za Zaburi zikomeye zijyanye no kuramya (reba Zaburi 8; 19; 24; 29; 33; 46-48; 63; 65-68; 76; 84;

87; 92; 93; 96-100; 103; 104; 111; 113; 115; 117; 135; 145-150).


21

n’intambwe ya mbere ikenewe kugira ngo isezerano rijyanye n’igihugu riri mu Isezerano

Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu risohozwe.

b. Kuva kwabaye icy’ibanze cy’uburyo Imana yiyeretsemo Isirayeli. Imana ivuga ku ukuva

mbere no hagati mu Mategeko Cumi (Kuva 19:4-6; 20:2; Guteg 5:6, 15). Ibyo bisobanura

yuko, mu Mategeko Cumi, ijambo rya mbere Imana ibarira Abisirayeli ryerekeye ubuntu bwayo

yagize igihe yababohoraga ibakura mu bucakara. Nyuma y’ibyo, haza Amategeko. Kuva

kwabaye urufatizo ku munsi mukuru wa Pasika (Kuva 12:1-27). Umuhimbyi wa Zaburi (reba

Zaburi 66; 77; 80; 81; 105; 106; 114; 135; 136). Byakoreshejwe n’abahanuzi igihe

bahamagariraga Isirayeli kugaruka ku ukuba abizerwa mu gukurikiza amasezerano makuru

bagiranye n’Imana, cyangwa se nk’imbuzi yaturukaga ku Mana (reba Yes 11:16; Yer 2:6;

7:22, 25; 11:4, 7; 16:14; 23:7; 32:21; 34:13; Hos 2:15; 11:1; 12:9, 13; 13:4; Amosi 2:10;

3:1; 9:7; Mika 6:4; 7:15).

3. Isezerano Rikuru Imana yagiranye na Mose (Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose [rya Kera]” (Kuva 19-24;

reba 2 Abakor 3:14; Abaheb 8), n’Amategeko ya Mose (Kuva 20-23; Abalewi 11-15; 18-20; 25:23-

55; 27; Kubara 5; 27:1-14; 36; Guteg 5; 12-13; 20-22; 24-25), uburyo bwo gutamba ibitambo, ihema

ry’ibonaniro, Isabato, iminsi mikuru, ubutambyi, imihango y’’idini; ibi byose byari ibice byo ku mutima

w’Isezerano Rikuru (Kuva 23; 25-31; 35-40; Abalewi 1-9; 16-17; 21-25:22; Kubara 3-4; 6-10; 15;

18-19; 28-30; 34-35; Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 14-19; 23; 26), hasobanura ubwoko bwa Isirayeli kugeza

igihe Imana yaziye kubisohoza. Kubera Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose, Imana yatandukanije Isirayeli

n’andi mahanga. Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose ryunguruje imbere Isezerano Rikuru rya Aburahamu

binyuze mu isezerano ridakuka yuko ishyanga rya Isirayeli, ari ryo rubyaro rwa Aburahamu mu urwego

rw’igihugu, rizakomeza kurindirwa mu gihugu cy’urwo rubyaro. Iryo Sezerano Rikuru na none

ryasobanuye neza uburyo icyo gihugu-ubwoko bwo mu buryo bufatika bwari bukwiye gutura muri icyo

gihugu kiyoborwa n’iryo Sezerano Rikuru bwahawe (reba Abalewi 26:42).19 Kubera iryo Sezerano

Rikuru ryakoze icyo gikorwa, Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose ryari ritandukanye mu buryo busesuye n’irya

Aburahamu kimwe n’andi masezerano yagiye akurikiraho muri Bibiliya kubera yuko ryo ryari ririmo

ibyasabwaga kandi rigashimangira inshingano zihabwa uruhande rw’umuntu (Isirayeli) mu buryo

butandukanye n’ubwo andi masezerano yabikoragamo. “Uburyo iryo Sezerano rikora ku mpande ebyiri

mu ishusho ry’agasanduka k’ibisabwa (urugero, ‘Ni mwumvira . . . nuko . . .’ TNIV; ni ko ibisobanura

kimwe na ESV = ibi n’insobanuro zo mu Cyongereza za Bibiliya) biri mu Kuva 19:5-6” (Williamson

2007: 96). Bityo, imigisha n’imivumo y’Imana byari bibohewe hamwe mu buryo bugaragara n’uburyo

Isirayeli yubahaga cyangwa se yigomekaga ku Itegeko rya Mose (reba Abalewi 26; Gutegeka kwa

Kabiri 4; 6-9; 11; 27-29). Kubera ubwo buryo bugaragara, Imana yashatse kwigisha Isirayeli ihame ryo

mu buryo bw’umwuka rivuga ngo, “Mube abera kuko Uwiteka Imana yanyu ndi uwera” (Abalewi

19:2; ijambo “abera” rigenda rigaruka inshuro 152 mu gitabo cy’Abalewi). Ikindi, iryo sezerano

n’urwego rwashyizweho kubera ryo ryashyizeho ihame yuko uburyo bumwe abanyabyaha bashobora

kunyuramo kugira ngo begere Imana kwari kunyura ku umuhuza. Mose yakoze nk’umuhuza wa

Isirayeli n’Imana igihe bari mu butayu. Ku musozi Sinayi, ni ho ubutambyi bwashyirwagaho. Uburyo

ihema ry’ibonaniro ryari rikozwe byerekanaga yuko hari itandukaniro hagati y’abanyabyaha n’Imana

Yera. Icyashobora kwunga izo mpande n’ibitambo n’umurimo w’ubuhuza wakorwaga n’umutambyi.

C. Isirayeli igera mu gihugu cy’isezerano (Yosuwa - 1 Samweli 7) “Igitabo cya Yosuwa kitubwira uburyo Imana isohoza isezerano ryayo ryo guha Isirayeli igihugu.

Uwiteka ayobora Isirayeli mu gikorwa cyo guhindūra igihugu no guciraho iteka abaturage bacyo

b’abanyabyaha, nyuma agaburira icyo gihugu imiryango cumi n’ibiri20. Igitabo kirangiza Yosuwa asengera

19

Igihe Mose yakiraga Amategeko Cumi mu biganza by’Imana ubwa mbere, abantu baguye mu cyaha gishingiye ku

bibuzwa muri ayo Mategeko Cumi nyene (Kuva 32:1-6). Ugutaka Mose yatakiye Imana kugira ngo irinde abantu bayo

kwari gushingiye ku Isezerano ryahawe Aburahamu (Kuva 32:11-14). Nk’ingaruka yabyo, Imana ntiyarimbuye ubwoko

bwayo ahubwo yahaye Mose ikindi gisate kiriho Amategeko Cumi (Kuva 34). 20

Yosuwa na we n’ “ishusho” yindi ya Kristo. Mu Giheburayo, “Yosuwa” ni “Yehoshuwa” cyangwa se “Yeshuwa”; iryo

zina mu Cyongereza ni “Yesu.” Ikindi, Abaheb 4:4, 8 hakoresha ijambo rimwe ry’Ikigiriki, Iēsous, mu kuvuga Yosuwa na

Yesu. Hejru y’ibyo, Yosuwa yayoboye ubwoko bw’Imana ku ntsinzi hejuru y’abanzi babo, abageza mu igihugu

cy’isezerano. Na none, isohozwa riri hejuru y’igicucu. Mu gihe Yosuwa yarimo anesha abanzi be akayobora Isirayeli mu

gihugu cy’Isezerano, Abaheb 4:8 havuga yuko atahaye ubwoko bwe “uburuhukiro” nyakuri. Ku musaraba, Yesu

yanesheje abanzi bo mu urwego rwo hejuru kuruta ubundi bwose—icyaha, urupfu na Satani—ayobora ubwoko bwe mu

gihugu cy’isezerano cy’agakiza n’ubugingo buhoraho, urugero, “uburuhukiro” bwacu bw’ukuri; igihe Yesu azagarukira,


22

Isirayeli ngo bagume ku Mana nk’ubwoko bwayo. Igitabo cy’Abacamanza gitangiza kivuga ku ukwigomeka

kw’Abisirayeli: Banga kurwanya ukutizera no gukuraho ibigirwamana mu gihugu (Abac. 1). Imana yinjira muri

iri Sezerano rishingiye ku rubanza, imenyesha Isirayeli yuko mu gihe gito bagiye kubana n’Abanyakanani

(Abac. 2). Igitabo cy’Abacamanza kitubwira inkuru ibabaje ivuga uburyo Abisirayeli bavuye ku Mana,

bakomeza kuneshwa n’icyaha cyo kugendera munsi y’imbaraga z’imyifatire n’ukuramya imana za gipagani

z’Abanyakanani. Nyuma ya byose, Imana yemera yuko Abanyakanani n’andi moko abakikije ategeka

Abisirayeli kandi akabatoteza kugeza ubwo Isirayeli yatakiye Imana ngo ibarokore. Imana ibasubirisha ubuntu

bwayo, izamura abayobozi bo mu buryo bwa gisirikare, bari bazwi ku izina ry’Abacamanza, kugira ngo

babakure mu menyo y’abanzi babo. Uko bakomezaga kwigomeka hejuru y’abanzi babo, ni na kwo ibintu

byagenda bimera nabi kurushiriza. Igitabo cy’Abacamanza kirangiriza ku nkuru ebyiri; iya mbere ivuga uburyo

Abisirayeli bagenda bigomeka, nyuma bagatakira Imana ngo ibahe umucunguzi wo kubarokora no kubakura

muri ako kaga (Abac. 21:25).” (Bartholo mew na Goheen n.d.: 3)21

“Samweli ni we wabaye umucamanza wa nyuma, yabaye umutambyi n’umuhanuzi” (Bartholomew na

Goheen n.d.: 3). 1 Samweli 1-7 havuga ku mateka yabaye mu bihe bya nyuma byo mu mateka ya Isirayeli

iyoborwa n’abacamanza, mbere y’umuzo w’ingoma. Iki gitabo gitangirana n’ukugwa kwa Eli n’umuryango we

n’umuzo wa Samweli, kikarangirira ku buryo Abafilistiya babanyaze isandugu ry’isezerano, uburyo ryagarutse

muri Isirayeli, n’uburyo Isirayeli yakuwe mu maboko y’Abafilistiya.

D. Isirayeli nk’Ubwami bwibumbiye hamwe (1 Samweli 8-1 Abami 11; 1 Ngoma 1-2 Ngoma 9; Zaburi –

Indirimbo ya Salomo) “Ibitabo bya Samweli byitiriwe izina rye, bivuga igihe cy’impinduka nini yabaye mu ubwoko bwa

Isirayeli. Isirayeli isaba Imana ngo ibahe umwami kugira ngo babe nk’andi mahanga (1 Sam 8:5, 19-20). Imana

ikoresha Samweli kugira ngo ashyireho Sawuli [1050-1010 MKY], nyuma Dawidi [1010-970 MKY], nk’abami

azazanana igihugu cy’isezerano ari cyo ijuru rishya n’isi nshya. 21

“Abacamanza, kimwe n’ibindi bitabo byitwa ‘ibitabo by’amateka’ by’Isezerano rya Kera, n’ubuhanuzi nyakuri.

Abacamanza kibarwa mu bitabo byitwa ‘Abahoze bitwa Abahanuzi [ ibitabo bya Yosuwa, Abacamanza, Samweli

n’Abami].’ Ibi bitabo byitwaga ubuhanuzi kubera yuko amateka yabivugwagamo yari nk’ibikwiye kugenderwaho [urugero

ingero kuri twe]. Amateka yerekaniye amahame y’Imana mu bikorwa, aba kandi abaye inzira yo kugabisha abantu mu

buryo bw’ubuhanuzi. Iyo dusomye igitabo cy’Abacamanza nk’itsinda mu murongo umwe gusa w’inkuru zibumbiye

hamwe kandi ziryoheye amatwi, tuba duhombye ubuhanuzi bukivugwamo.” (Jordan 1985: xi) Ishusho yo mu buryo

bw’ubuhanuzi ishobora gusobanuka neza hashingiwe ku nkuru cyangwa se insanganyamatsiko zibivugwamo cyangwa se

zivugwa mu bindi bitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera no mu ihishurirwa riri mu Isezerano Rishya. Ingero ebyiri, uhereye

itangiriro n’iherezo ry’igitabo cy’Abacamanza, zisobanura ibi ngibi:

Abacamanza 1:11-15 havuga inkuru ya Otiniyeli na Akisa. Abavugwa muri iyi nkuru ni Umwanzi (abagabo

barebare banini), Umubyeyi (Kalebu), Umwana w’Umuhungu (Otiniyeli), Umwana w’umukobwa (Akisa). . . . Umwana

w’Umuhungu arimbura Umwanzi kugira ngo ahabwe Umugeni n’Umubyeyi wabyaye uwo mugeni. Mbese twashobora

kubona ishusho idasobanutse iri muri iyi nsobanuro? Ni byo, ibi bituma dusimbuka vubavuba uru rukaratasi. Nyuma yo

gushakana kw’abo bana, tubona Umugeni asaba Se we amariba (amasōko) y’amazi. Mbese twashobora kubona muri ibi

ishusho idasobanutse y’Itorero risaba kandi rihabwa Umwuka Wera?...Ibi n’amashusho yo mu buryo budasobanutse, ariko

afitanye isano rikomeye n’ukuri. Bishobora kuba ari inkuru zizamura ishusho y’ubuhanuzi buri muri iyi nkuru mu buryo

bwuzuye, ariko na none, ntidukwiye kwihuma amaso ngo tunanirwe kubona yuko bishoboka ko ishusho y’Ubwami

bw’Imana yavuzwe muri iyi nkuru. Nta gushidikanya, inkuru ya Otiniyeli na Akisa yateguriwe kuduha ishusho yo

gutsindira ubwami, n’imigisha izagera ku bakiranutsi nyuma y’uko tuzaba tumaze gutsindira ubwo bwami. Mu urwego

rusange, ibi bijyanye n’igikorwa Kristo yakoze cyo gutsindira ubwami, n’imigisha igera ku Itorero nyuma yaho.” Ibid.:

xiii)

Abacamanza 19-21 havuga inkuru y’Umulewi n’umugore we. Mu rugendo rwabo, ijoro rigeze basabye icumbi

mu gisagara cy’i Gibeya aho ibirāra bikomoka mu muryango w’Ababenyamini byamukozeho iterabwoba. Mu buryo bwo

kurokora ubuzima bwe, uwo Mulewi yahaye abo bagabo umugore we, baraheza bamukorera ibya mfura mbi,

baramwonona. Bukeye bwaho, asanga bamwishe, amujyana muhira iwe, amukatamo ibice, yohereza buri muryango mu

miryango yose ya Isirayeli igice cy’umubiri w’uwo mugore we. Ntiyagaragaje uburyo yabaye umunyabwoba muri ibyo

byabaye. Ibyo byabyaye intambara yahitanye byinshi cyane, na cyane – cyane ku bo mu Muryango wa Benyamini. No muri

iyi nkuru na yo tubanomo Kristo: Insanganyamatsiko imwe yo mu gitabo cy’Abacamanza n’uko Isirayeli yari ikeneye

umwami, kubera yuko atabonetse, “buri wese yitegekaga uko ashatse” (Abacamanza 17:6; 21:25). Bizasaba yuko

haboneka Umwami nyawe kugira ngo habeho guhinduka nyakuri kw’imitima. Bityo, guhuza iyi nkuru mu nsobanuro

yemewe na Bibiliya mu buryo bwuzuye—na cyane-cyane insobanuro ihuza insanganyamatsiko zose zivuga ku Ubwami—

bitwereka Yesu.” (Keller 2015: 88) Ikindi, “Igihe tubona umugabo watanze umugore we ho igitambo kugira ngo acungure

uruhu rwe—umugabo gito—ni gute tutatekereza ku mugabo witanze ho igitambo ku ubwacu, itorero, umugeni we

(Abefeso 5:22-23). Uwu rero ni we mugabo utazigera udukorera ibya mfura mbi. Nuko rero, yicisha bugufi kugira ngo

agirirwe nabi kugira ngo aturinde.” (Ibid.)


23

ba mbere bo kuyobora ubwoko bwayo. Nk’umwami, Sawuli yarananiwe, ariko Dawidi akorera Imana

n’umutima ukiranutse, anesha amahanga y’abapagani abagose, akomeza amategeko y’Imana, kandi yimurira

ubuturo bw’Imana i Yerusalemu. Aha ngaha, nk’umutima w’ubwo bwoko, ubwiza bw’Imana n’ikintu gihora

cyibutsa Abisirayeli yuko Imana ari we Mwami nyakuri w’Abisirayeli. Salomo [970-930 MKY], umuhungu wa

Dawidi ari na we wamusimbuye, yubaka urusengero nk’ubuturo bw’Imana bwo mu buryo buhoraho, aho

izahora yumvira ishimwe n’ukuyiramya kw’abantu bayo. N’ubwo Imana yamuhaye ubwenge bwo mu urwego

rwo hejuru, kuba Salomo yarongoye abagore b’Abanyamahanga byatumye asenga izindi mana, imigambi ye yo

kwubaka amazu menshi kandi meza bimuzanira kwitwa umunyagitugu.” (Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 3)

Dawidi yabaye nk’ishusho izwi mu Ubwami Bwiyungiye hamwe. Ubwami bwe n’ishusho y’Ubwami bwa

Mesiya bwarimo buza.

1. Habayeho ibihamya yuko mu mateka ya Isirayeli, bamwe bari bashyigikiye kubona umwami wa

mbere (Itang 49:8-10; Guteg 17:14-20) abandi ntibari babishyigikiye (Abac 8:22-23; 1 Sam 8:1-18).

Ariko na none, abantu bashakaga umwami kugira ngo “tumere nk’andi mahanga yose” (1 Sam 8:20).

“Ibi rero byari uburyo bumwe bwo gusēsa isezerano no kwanga ubutegetsi bw’Imana (1 Sam 8:4-8)”

(Goldsworthy 1991: 165). Kumbure, kubera yuko yari yateguye kubategeka inyuze mu umwami, Imana

yahise ibaha icyo bayisabye.

2. Imana yinjira mu Isezerano Rikuru na Dawidi (Isezerano Rikuru rya Dawidi,” 2 Sam 7:8-17; 1

Ngoma 6:16; Zab 89:1-4, 28-29). Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi rihinduka uburyo bwihariye

Isezerano rya Aburahamu ryashyizwe mu bikorwa. N’amagambo arigize afite isano n’amasezerano

Imana yahaye Aburahamu. Muri iri Sezerano Rikuru (2 Samweli 7), Imana yemerera Dawidi: v. 9—

izina rikomeye (gereranya na Itang 12:2); v. 10—ubuturo (gereranya na Itang 12:7; 13:14-17; 15:7,

18; 17:8); v. 11—ihumure ku banzi (gereranya na Itang 22:17); v.12—“urubyaro” (gereranya na Itang

22:18); vv. 12-16—ubwami buhoraho n’ingoma (gereranya Itang 12:3; 13:15; 17:5-7). “Uburyo iri

Sezerano Rikuru rya Aburahamu n’irya Dawidi ari uruhererekerane bibarizwa mu nshamake

y’amagambo agize ayo masezerano yombi. ‘Nzaba Imana yabo, na bo bazaba ubwoko bwanjye’

n’inshamake ivuga ku ntego y’Imana muri iri sezerano Imana yakoranye n’Aburahamu

n’abazamukomokaho, kuri Isirayeli (ryatanzwe mu buryo bukurikira, ‘nzamubera se na we azambera

umwana’ (2 Sam 7:14). Bityo, umwana wa Dawidi na we n’umwana w’Imana, inzu ye na yo ibaye

ingoma n’ubwami bishyiriweho kumara iteka ryose (2 Sam 7:16).” (Goldsworthy 1991: 167) Iri

Sezerano Rikuru ryasohorejwe ubwa mbere muri Salomo umuhungu wa Dawidi, we wubatse

urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu. Na none, n’ubwo hariho ishusho y’ ‘umugisha ku mahanga’ mu gihe cya

Dawidi na Salomo, iri sezerano ryarategereje igihe mbere y’uko risohozwa. Amateka y’ubwami bwa

Isirayeli asobanura impamvu byagenze bityo. N’ubwo habayeho abami bake bazanye impinduka, nta

mwami ukomoka kuri Dawidi—na Dawidi ubwe arimo—wari wujuje ibisabwa mu mibanire yo mu

buryo bw’ubumana hagati y’umuntu n’Imana; ari byo: Imyitwarire izira inenge [reba 1 Abami 2:4;

6:12-13; 8:25; 9:4-9].” (Williamson 2007: 145) Imana yari yaratanze isezerano ryo guha umugisha

amahanga ibinyujije mu “urubyaro” rwa Aburahamu (Itang 12:3; 22:18). Isezerano rya Dawidi

risobanura ibijyanye n’ “ingoma zikomoka ku muryango umwe, uwo ‘[urubyaro rwa Dawidi]’

ruzarangwa n’intsinzi . . . [ariko kubera icyaha cyinjiriye urubyaro rwa Dawidi, ibi byari bishingiye ku

mwami wo mu buryo bwa Dawidi uzaba umwana wa Aburahamu mu buryo bushoboka bwose, n’ubwo

bitaba ari mu buryo bwo mu maraso (gereranya na Zaburi 72.” (Ibid.) Bityo, Isezerano ryahawe Dawidi

ryerekeza amaso kuri Yesu Kristo.

3. Inzandiko z’Ubwenge (Yobu, Zaburi, Imigani, Umubwiriza, Indirimbo ya Salomo). Mu buryo

bwimbitse, Yobu akoresha insanganyamatsiko bose bahuriraho ivuga ku mubabaro n’ukubabazwa

kudashingiye ku ukuri nk’uburyo bwo gusobanura ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana ku bijyanye n’imibabaro

hamwe n’uburyo umwana w’umuntu yizera Imana igihe ari mu mibabaro22. “[Ibihimbano bya Dawidi]

byo kuramya, kwicuza, n’uguhugura (ntimugatekereze yuko zaburi zose ari iza Dawidi) zari zijyanye

22

Yobu ubwe n’ishusho ya Kristo. “Yesu ni We Yobu w’ukuri, uwababajwe azira ubusa. . . . Nk’uko Yobu yambaye

‘ubusa,’ ahinduka umukene nyakujya, no mu mibabaro y’umubiri we (Yobu 1: 21), na Yesu yabayeho atagira icumbi,

akubitwa yambaye ubusa, aratoterezwa ku musaraba. Mu gihe Yobu yari umwere mu urwego rumwe, Yesu we yari

umwere, atunganye, mu uburyo bwuzuye, kandi igihe Yobu yumvise ko Imana yamuhebye, Yesu We yanyuze mu bihe aho

Imana itari ihari na gato igihe cy’imibabaro ye, anyura no mu uguhemukirwa n’inshuti ze z’ibigoryi, no mu ugutakaza

umuryango.” (Keller 2013: 293) Ikindi, icy’uko Yobu yageragejwe, kureba nimba yakomeza kwubaha Imana atazi inyungu

zari buve muri byo; Yesu We yari azi neza yuko kwubaha Data kwe byari kumugeza ku rupfu, ku uguhinduka icyaha kwe,

n’icy’uko Data yari kumuheba! Nyuma ya byose, igihe Yobu yasengeraga inshuti ze zari mu makosa (Yobu 42:7-9), Yesu

yapfiriye abanzi be , none ubu akaba ahora adusengera (Luka 23:34; Abar 8:34; Abaheb 7:25).


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n’igihe runaka ariko na none n’ingero z’insobanuro zo mu buryo bw’umwuka, bityo zikaba

ar’iz’ipfundo ry’intego y’imenyeshamana rishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Kimwe n’Ubwenge (butangwa

n’Imana mu buryo busobanutse: 1 Abami 3:12) bw’umuhungu we Salomo buhagarara hagati mu

mutima w’imyandikire iremereye cyane ku bijyanye n’igikorwa cyubatse ku imenyeshamana rishingiye

kuri Bibiliya, ari byo byitwa ibyanditswe bishingiye ku ubwenge.” (Yarbrough 1996: 64) Ibyanditswe

bishingiye ku ubwenge byerekeye ku ugushaka ubumenyi, ugusobanukirwa n’imibanire hagati

y’umuntu n’Imana no hagati y’ umuntu na mugenzi we mu isi aho imibanire yose yasenywe n’icyaha.

Ubwenge bwubaha Imana ntibisobanura yuko Imana ari Yo ifata icyemezo mu umwanya wacu cyangwa

se ngo abe ari Yo iduha gutekereza ibitekerezo bizima. Ahubwo, Ibyanditswe by’ubwenge bya Bibiliya

“biruzuzanya mu ugushyira intege mu uwizera kugira ngo akoreshe ubwenge n’ingingo zabwo mu

kugerageza gusobanukirwa ubuzima mu urwego rw’isi y’Imana, ariko na none tukabukoresha mu

gucyaha bariya biyita ko bazi ibintu byose. Gushyira icyizere mu ubwiza bw’Imana isumba byose ni

bwo bwenge buruta ubundi bwose.” (Goldsworthy 2000: 186)

E. Isirayeli nk’Ubwami bwacitsemo ibice (1 Abami 12-2 Abami 17; 2 Ngoma 10-31; Yesaya na Mika

[bahanuriye Isirayeli na Yuda]; Yoweli [yahanuriye Yuda]; Hoseya na Amosi [bahanuriye Isirayeli];

Obadiya [yahanuriye Edomu]; Yona [yahanuriye Ninewe]) “Igihe cy’ingoma ya Rehobowamu umuhungu wa [Salomo], uyu mwuka w’itotezwa [watangiye igihe

cya Salomo] warangiriye ku ugucikamo ibice kw’igihugu. Imyinshi mu miryango igize Isirayeli yahungiye mu

majyaruguru (Isirayeli), basiga inyuma yabo imiryango mike [urugero Yuda na Benyamini, hiyongereyeho

imiryango imwe n’imwe yo mu majyaruguru] (Yuda) [930 MKY].

Uhereye iki gihe, buri gice muri ibi bice bibiri kigira abami bacyo. Ibitabo bya 1 Abami na 2 Abami

hamnwe na 1 Ngoma na 2 Ngoma bivuga amakuru yabo. Inkuru ivuga ku ukwigomeka kwakozwe mu buryo

bwihuse n’abami bavuye ku Mana. Aho kuba itara ku yandi mahanga, ingeso z’ubwoko bw’Imana zatumye

ukwihangana kwayo kuyisunikira mu ukubirukana mu gihugu. Imana yahagurukije abahanuzi bayo ngo

bahamagarire ubwoko bwayo ku ukugaruka ku ukwihana nk’inzira yo kugabanya umuvuduko bari bafite mu

nzira zabo mbi zabaganishaga ku rupfu. Elisa na Eliya n’abahanuzi bagaragaye cyane mu bitabo bya 1 na 2

Abami. Binyuze muri aba Bahanuzi, Imana yemereye Abisirayeli yuko ni bayigarukaho; izabagirira imbabazi

kandi igakomeza gukorana na bo. Ariko na none, Isirayeli iramutse ikomeje kwigomeka, Imana izabaciraho

iteka, nyuma ibohereze mu bunyage. Mu gihe ibijyanye na Isirayeli bibaye nk’indwara idakira, abahanuzi

batanga isezerano yuko Imana itabahebye. Bityo, Imana ibemerera yuko izabohereza umwami w’akataraboneka

uzayoboza intwaro y’amahoro n’ubutabera. Uyu mwami watanzweho isezerano azasohoza imigambi Imana

yahoze ifitiye ibiremwa byayo.

Amagambo y’abahanuzi agwa mu matwi yazibye. Abaturage b’Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru (722 MKY)

n’ab’Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo (586 MKY) bafatwa n’ubwami bwatwaraga icyo gihe [Isirayeli itwarwa n’Ashuri;

Yuda na yo itwarwa na Babuloni].” (Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 3-4)

F. Ubuzima, intege nke, no kugwa by’Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo (2 Abami 18-25; 2 Ngoma 32-36:21; Yesaya-

Daniyeli; Nahumu-Zefaniya) 1. Iyo miryango ibiri igize ubwami bw’amajyepfo (Yuda) ijyanwa i Babuloni nk’inyagano. Yuda

yakurikije inzira z’ubwami bw’abavandimwe babo b’amajyaruguru ari bwo Isirayeli. Bumaze

kuneshwa, Yerusalemu iba irasenywe, ubwoko bw’Imana buba bujyanywe ari inyagano i Babuloni.

“Ubunyage ni inararibonye ibabaje cyane ku ba Isirayeli. N’iki cyabaye ku masezerano no ku migambi

y’Imana? Mbese yari yabivuyemo rwose? Muri ubu bunyage, Imana ikomeza kuvugana na bo binyuze

mu bahanuzi nka Ezekiyeli, abasobanurira impamvu icyo kibazo cyabagezeho gityo kandi abemerera

yuko ejo hazaza habo ari heza.” (Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 4)

2. Unyuze mu mateka ya Isirayeli, na cyane-cyane muri cya gihe cy’ugucikamo ibice bibiri, ukageza

igihe cyo guhembuka kw’Ubwami bw’amajyepfo, abahanuzi bakoze umurimo ukomeye cyane wo

guhamagarira abantu ku ukuba abizerwa imbere y’Imana.

a. Abahanuzi b’Imana bashyira mu bikorwa ijambo ry’Imana mu gihe cy’amagume aho

imibanire ishingiye ku masezerano hagati y’Imana n’abantu bayo yari yarasenyutse. Umurimo

munini w’abahanuzi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera ntiwari uwo kuvuga ibizaba. Ahubwo,

abahanuzi bavuze mu bihe by’intambara kandi bose bari bafite ubutumwa n’umurimo wo ku

mpande ebyiri: (1) Mu buryo bwo kwatura amagambo yo gucibwaho iteka, bagabishaga

ubwoko bw’Imana ku ngaruka zo kutumvira inzira z’umwami Imana; hamwe na (2) Mu

magambo y’ibyiringiro n’agakiza, bahamagarira ubwoko bw’Imana ku uguhindukirira kuba


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abizerwa. Abahanuzi bo mu IK bose barazwaga ishinga n’ukubona imyitwarire y’abantu

ihinduka. Ahanini ubutumwa bwabo bwari bugizwe n’aya magambo ngo, ‘Ni mwakora be ibisa

n’ibi, hazakurikiraho urubanza; ariko nimwakurikira Uwiteka muzabona imigisha.” Ubutumwa

bwabo bwo gucirwaho iteka n’ubw’agakiza buhwanye n’iby’urunganwe rwinshi.

b. Mu buryo bw’amateka, umuntu ashobora kubona uruhande rundi ku cyo ubuhanuzi bwari

bushingiyeho nyuma y’ubunyage bwa Isirayeli i Babuloni. Mbere y’ubunyage, abahanuzi

basaga n’aberekeza ubutumwa bwabo ku ukwigomeka kwa Israyeli. Nyuma y’ubunyage,

ubutumwa bwari bushingiye ku nshingano z’ubwoko bw’Imana zo kwitegurira ishingwa

ry’Ubwami bw’Imana mu buryo buhamye. (VanGemeren 1990: 213)

3. Na cyane cyane nyuma y’ubunyage, abahanuzi bavuga ku nsanganyamatsiko nyinshi, harimo:

• Kuva kwo mu buryo bushya. Ubwoko bw’Imana buzarokoka bukurwe mu maboko

y’abungere babo b’ibinyoma (Ezekiyeli 34). Bazarokorwa bavanwe mu bunyage (Yes 40:1-

5; 43:1-7, 15-21; 48:20-21; 49:24-26; 51:9-11; Yer 23:7-8).

• Ubwoko bushya. Rimwe na rimwe, ibi bivugwaho nk’abizerwa b’Imana bacitse ku icumu (Yes

10:20-23; 11:11-12; 14:1-4; 40:1-2; 46:3-4; 51:11; 61:4-7; Yer 23:1-8; 29:10-14; 30:10-11; 31:7-9; Ezek 34:1-6; 36:22-24; 37:15-22; Mika 2:12). Ubwoko bw’Imana bwananiwe, bwajanywe

nk’inyagano, bwacitsemo ibice bibiri, nyuma buzahindurwa bushya, busubizwemo ubuzima, nyuma

busubizwe hamwe (Ezekiyeli 37). Imana izaha umugisha amahanga (Yes 2:2-4; 19:18-25; 49:5-6;

56:1-8; Mika 4:1-4; Zef 3:9; Zak 8:20-23). Yesaya ajya ahabona mu buryo bwo gusobanura

bushya ibigize “Ubwoko bw’Imana” (bitandukanye n’uko Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose ribisobanura

mu magambo atuzuye; reba Guteg 23:1-8): “Yesaya atangaza yuko mu minsi ya nyuma, igihe

Imana izahishura ugukiranuka kwayo, inkomōko y’imiryango cyangwa se abantu bavukijwe ibice

by’imibiri yabo [urugero, inkone] si cyo kizagenderwaho kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kuba umwe

mu bagize ubwoko bwayo. Abanyamahanga bazifatanya n’Uwiteka, bazamukorera, bazakunda izina

ry’Uwiteka, kandi bazaba abagaragu be’ (56:7). . . . Icyasabwaga kugira ngo umuntu abe umwe mu

bazinjira muri ukwo guhembuka kw’Uwiteka no kwubaka ubwami bwe ntigishingiye ku nkomōko

y’umuryango ahubwo n’ukuba afite umutima ushenjaguritse kandi umenetse [57:15] hamwe

n’ubwitabire burangwamo ugukiranuka kuri bariya babarizwa mu masigarira, abo Imana ifitiye

impuhwe (58:7-14)—bariya bagize Uwiteka ubuhungiro bwabo bazahindūra igihugu kandi bazaba

ba samuragwa b’umusozi wanjye wera’ [57:13], ‘abari kure n’abari hafi’ [57:19]. Ibi bisobanura

yuko mu buhanuzi bwa Yesaya, igisabwa kugira ngo umuntu abe umwe mu bagize ubwoko

bw’Imana bwo mu bihe bya nyuma byarahindutse mu buryo bugaragara: Igihe Uwiteka

azahembura isi, abihannye bo mu Bisirayeli n’abihannye bo mu Banyamahanga, bose, ni bo bazaba

bagize ubwoko bw’Imana bw’isezerano.” (Schnabel 2002: 41)

• Undi muntu Imana izakoresha mu gusohoza imigambi yayo. Umuntu w’Imana n’umusabyi

wayo wasizwe (Yes 42:1-9; 61:1-3). Uyu mukozi w’Imana azamo nk’umugaragu urangwa

n’imibabaro (Yes 42:1-9; 49:1-6; 50:4-9; 52:13-53:12). Aboneka nk’ “umwana w’umuntu”

udasobanutse (Dan 7:13-14). Ni Dawidi mushya (Yes 9:2-7; 11:1-5; 16:5; Yer 23:1-6; Ezek

34:23-24; 37:24-25; Amosi 9:11). Eliya azaboneka (Mal 4:5-6).

• Igihugu gishya. Hazabaho Siyoni nshya (Yesaya 2; 11:6-9; 35:1-10; 54; 61:3-62:12; Ezek

34:11-16, 25-31; 36:35-38). Kizaba igihugu cy’amahoro, cy’uburumbuke n’ubukire (Hos 2:14-18;

Yoweli 3:18; Amosi 9:13-15; Mika 4:3-4). Hazabaho n’ijuru rishya n’isi nshya (Yesaya 42:14-17;

65-66).

• “Isezerano Rikuru Rishya” (Yer 31:31-34; 32:38-40; 50:4-5; Ezek 11:16-20;36:24-32;

37:15-28). Isezerano riri mu “Isezerano Rikuru Rishya” rivugwaho mu IK muri Yer 31:31 ariko mu

bindi bice byo muri Yeremiya no muri Ezekiyeli rivugwaho mu buryo bw’amarenga. “Ibimenyetso

bimwe na bimwe bishingira ku ikomezwa ry’isezerano rikuru rishya n’andi masezerano y’Imana yo

mu bihe byatambutse: Icyo ashingiyeho mu Muzingo w’Imana [“Amategeko” cyangwa se

Amabwiriza] (Yer 31:33; Ezek 36:37; Yes 42:1-4; 51:4-8); uburyo ryerekeza ku ‘urubyaro’ rwa

Aburahamu (Jer. 31:33; Ezek. 36:27; Isa. 42:1-4; 51:4-8); na cyane-cyane ‘urubyaro’ abami

bakomokamo (Yer 33:15-26; Ezek. 37:24-25; Yes 55:3); uburyo rikoresha amagambo akoreshwa

mu Isezerano Rikuru ‘Nzaba Imana yabo, na bo bazaba ubwoko bwanjye’(Yer. 31:33; Ezek. 37:23,

27; cf. Yes. 54:5-10).” (Williamson 2007: 180) N’ubwo bimeze bityo, urebye muri Yer 31:32

biragaragara neza yuko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya riruta irya Kera, ari ryo Sezerano Rikuru rya Mose.

Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ntiryari rikwiye kumera kimwe n’irya Kera, rimwe rya Mose

Abisirayeli bica. Isezerano Rikuru Rishya “rigira ubwiru” kandi rikaba “umwihariko ku bantu


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runaka,” imibanire iri hagati y’Imana n’abantu bayo mu buryo ata rindi Sezerano Rikuru na rimwe

ryigeze kugerageza kubisobanura muri ako kagene. “Ubushya” bw’iryo Sezerano Rikuru

“ntibubwirizwa kwimwa agaciro kabwo; bushyiraho ibipimo bishya bigaragaza yuko ata huriro na

rito riri hagati y’ibya kera n’ibishya (reba Yer 31:32): icyaha gikuweho burundu (Yer 31:34; Ezek

36:29, 33); uguhinduka kw’umutima mu buryo bwimbitse (Yer 31:33; Ezek 36:26); ubucuti

bwihariye n’Imana (Yer 31:34a; Ezek 36:27)” (Williamson 2007: 180). Nta kimenyetso na kimwe

kirimo gihwanye n’ “ibisabwa” nk’uko biri mu Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose. Ni ko, icyaha ntikigifite

ububasha bwo gushyira mu kāga imibanire hagati y’Imana n’umwana w’umuntu kuko muri iki gihe

cy’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya Imana itangaza mu buryo bukomeye, “Nzabaharira igicumuro cyabo,

n’icyaha cyabo sinzongera kucyibuka ukundi” (Yer 31:34). Nuko, bitandukanye n’uko Isezerano

Rikuru rya Kera rivuga, nta nzira iriho n’imwe yo kwica iri sezerano rikuru rishya” (Ibid.: 157).

Uyu mutima mushya, amategeko y’Imana agenga isi yose, imibanire hagati y’umuntu n’Imana ku

urwego rwo ku giti cy’umuntu, n’ukubabarira ibyaha burundu, ibi byose bizarangirira ku

“ukumenya mu buryo bwimbitse (urugero ukwubaha gushingiye ku ukwizera) inzira ituganisha ku

ukumenya Uwiteka, [ibi na byo n’] ikimenyetso cy’isohozwa ryo mu buryo bunejeje ry’iri sezerano

ryerekeye ku bantu” (Ibid.). “Isezerano Rikuru Rishya n’isohozwa rinejeje cyane ry’amasezerano

makuru Imana yakoranye na ba sogokuruza bakuru, ubwoko bwa Isirayeli, n’uruhererekane

rw’abami bakomoka ku muryango wa Dawidi. Amasezerano akomoka kur’aya masezerano makuru

ya mbere asohorezwa muri iri sezerano rikuru rishya; kandi muri ryo, aya masezerano ahita

ahinduka ay’ ‘iteka ryose’ mu buryo bwizewe kurushiriza.” (Ibid.: 181)

• Ubutegetsi bushya bw’Imana. Hazabaho ubwiza bw’Imana buzagaragara mu buryo bushya,

hazabaho kandi n’urusengero rushya (Yes 12:6; Ezek 37:27-28; 40-48; Yoweli 3:16-17; Zef 3:14-

17). Imana izasuka Umwuka wayo ku bwoko bwayo (Yow 2:28-32; Yes 32:9-20; Ezek 36:25-28).

Rimwe na rimwe, Imana ubwayo ivugwaho nk’uko igarutse i Siyoni (Yes 26:21; 42:2-3, 9; 52:7-9;

66:15; Ezek 43:2-7; Zak 2:10; 8:3; 14:3-5; Mal 3:1). Imibanire hagati yayo n’ubwoko bwayo

izasubizwaho kandi izagirwa mishya (Hos 2:16, 19-20; 3:5).

• “Umunsi w’Umwami.” Igitekerezo kijyanye n’ “Umunsi w’Umwami” kizamuka kiva mu

buhanuzi bwavuzwe haruguru. Rimwe na rimwe, uvugwa nk’umunsi ugiye kuza mu minsi itari

myinshi (Yes 13:6; Ezek 30:1-3; Yoweli 1:15; 2:1; 3:14; Obad 15; Zef 1:7, 14). Muri ibi ngibi,

uwo munsi ugaragara nk’uvuga uburyo Imana izarimbura abanzi ba Isirayeli bo mu Isezerano rya

Kera (Yow 3:4; Obad 18-21; Zef 1:7-11; 2:4-15). Ibihe bimwe na bimwe, umunsi w’Umwami

ntuvugwaho mu buryo busobanutse. Ibisobanuro ku Umunsi w’Umwami n’uko ari umunsi uteye

ubwoba w’uburakari n’urubanza (Yes 2:12-21; 10:3 [“umunsi w’uguhanwa”]; 13:6-13; 26:21;

34:8; 63:1-4a [“umunsi wo guhōra”]; Ezek 7:19; 13:1-5; 30:1-3; Hos 1:11 [“umunsi wa

Yezerēli”]; Yoweli 1:15; 2:1, 11; 3:14; Amosi 5:18-20; Obad 17; Zak 14:1-7; Mal 4:5). Ibindi

bice bivuga ku gakiza k’ubwoko bw’Imana kuri uwo munsi (Yes 35:4; 40:9-11; 63:4b-5; Yoweli

2:30-32; Obad 17; Zak 2:10-13). Aya magambo ya nyuma asobanura neza ibijyanye n’ “umunsi

w’Umwami”, nk’umunsi wa nyuma, umunsi w’Uwiteka, kimwe mu bigize ibizaba mu bihe bya

nyuma, aho Imana izasūra abantu mu mbabazi zayo no mu guca imanza kwayo.

4. Izi nsanganyamatsiko zo mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi ntizari zipanzwe nk’ikintu kimwe cyuzuzanya.

N’ubwo byari bimeze birtyo, zaremye mu mitima y’abantu ibyiringiro n’ibyizigiro yuko Imana izasūra

ubwoko bwayo mu mbabazi, abanzi bayo na bo ikabasūra mu buryo bwo kubacira urubanza. “Zerekeza

amaso y’abantu ku gihe cyo mu mateka aho Umwami azageza mu bihe by’isarura kandi agasohoza mu

buryo bwuzuye intego ze zose zishingiye ku ubuntu n’amasezerano makuru yakoranye n’ubwoko

bwayo” (Venema 2000: 23). Inshamake iri muri Kristo, uwo Paulo avugaho ati, “Ibyo Imana

yasezeranyije byose, muri we ni mo Yee iri” (2 Abakor 1:20). Abahanuzi bo mu IK bavanze ibjyanye

n’ukuza kwa Kristo kwa mbere n’ibijyanye n’ukuza kwe kwa kabiri. “Isezerano Rishya Ritaragera, nta

na kimwe mu byatekerejweho mu minsi y’Isezerano rya Kera kizahishurwa, urugero nk’ibijyanye

n’ukuza kumwe kwa Mesiya kuzasohozwa mu byiciro bibiri: ukuza kwe kwa mbere n’ukuza kwe kwa

kabiri” (Hoekema 1979: 12).

G. Uguhembuka kw’Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo (2 Ngoma 36:22-Esiteri; Hagayi-Malaki) “Igice cy’[ikinjana] mu bunyage gitambutse, inzira yo gusubira i Yerusalemu iba irafunguriwe

Abisirayeli mu [Iteka ry’Umwami Kuro, 538 MKY—2 Ngoma 36:22-23; Ezira 1:1-4]. Bamwe basubirayo;

ariko abenshi ntibabikora. Muri icyo gihe, munsi y’ubuyobozi bwa Zerubabaeli, Ezira na Nehemiya,

Yerusalemu n’Urusengero byari byaratwitswe n’abateye Yuda, birongera birasanwa [536-516 MKY]. Ariko


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Isirayeli, Yerusalemu n’Urusengero ni byo shusho imwe y’uburyo bari bameze kera.

Isezerano rya Kera rirangirana n’uko Isirayeli itūzwa bushya mu gihugu ariko ituzwa mu urwego ruto

kandi igoswe n’abanzi benshi kandi bakomeye. Ubwo igitambaro gikoroka mu gice cya gatatu cya sinema,

ubwo Isirayeli yananiwe gukora umukoro Imana yabahereye ku musozi Sinayi, ariko ibyiringiro byari bikiriho

kuko amasezerano Imana yatanze yari akihari.” (Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 4) Ibishya Isirayeli yahuye na byo nyuma y’uguhembuka kw’igihugu byabaye igicucu cy’igikorwa cyari

gukurikiraho cyo mu urwego rwa Bibiliya—ukuza kwa Kristo n’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya. Nyuma yo kugaruka

bava mu bunyage, “nta Rusengero rwari ruhari, abantu bari bakwiye gutangira kwimenyereza ibijyanye

n’Urusengero rwo mu buryo bw’Umwuka. Nta nzego zo mu buryo buhamye mu masinagogi zari zihari, kandi

abantu bari bakwiye gukora hadakurikijwe imiyoborere y’Abalewi. . . . [Ariko] Imana Yo yashakaga

amasinagogi adashingiye ku mategeko y’Abalewi, kuko ibi byatumaga impano zo mu buryo bw’umwuka

z’abayoboke bo ku urwego rusange zishyirwa ahagaragara, bityo bikaba bitanze isura y’Itorero ryo mu

Isezerano Rikuru Rishya.” (Jordan 1988: 242) 1. Kumara igihe gito nyuma yo kuva mu bunyage i Babuloni, ubuyobozi bushyirwa mu maboko

y’ukomoka mu rubyaro rwa Dawidi, umugabo witwa Zerubabeli (Ezira 2-5; Hag 1-2; Mat 1:13; Luka

3:27). N’ubwo byari bimeze bityo, abatanze inkuru za Ezira na Nehemiya barabisobanura neza yuko

iryo hanga ryagaruwe si bwo Bwami bw’Imana. Abahanuzi b’inyuma y’ubunyage bo berekeza inkuru

zabo ku cyubahiro kiri imbere kitari bwagaragazwe (Hag 2:6-9; Zak 8:20-23; 14:1-21; Mal 4:1-6). Mu

buryo buryoheye umutima, Isezerano rya Kera rirangira nk’ “igitabo kitagira umwanzuro.” Bibiliya

y’Igiheburayo irangirira ku 2 Ngoma, ikanzura yerekana ibyiringiro byo kuzabona urusengero rushya

no kuzataha bava mu Bunyage. Uburyo bwa Gikristu Isezerano rya Kera ripanzwemo burangiriza icyo

gice kuri Malaki, iki gitabo na cyo cyanzurana isezerano ryo kwohereza Eliya n’ukuza kw’Umwami.

“Bityo, Isezerano rya Kera ryacu rirangizanya igihamya cy’uko inkuru ituzuye” (Goldsworthy 2000:

179).

2. Hagati y’aho IK rirangirira n’aho IR hariho umworera w’imyaka magana ane. “Iki gihe cyitwa igihe

kiri hagati y’amasezerano abiri. Muri iki gihe, Isirayeli ikomeza kwizera yuko ari yo bwoko

bwatoranyijwe n’Imana kandi yuko mu gihe cyo hafi cyane Imana yari igiye gukora mu buryo bwo

kugarura Ubwami bwayo. Igihe bagendera munsi yo gutotezwa kw’Abaperesi, Abagiriki, na cyane-

cyane, Abasiriya n’Abaroma, urumuri rw’ibyiringiro byatwitswe mu mitima y’Abayuda byongereza

ubukana bw’umuriro bigahinduka nk’amazuku akaze. Ibijyanye n’uburyo ubwami bw’Imana buzaza,

uzabuzana, n’uburyo dukwiye kwitwara kugeza igihe buzazira—kuri ibi biabzo, Abafarisayo,

Abasadukayo, Abaziloti n’Abaesenia babibona mu buryo butandukanye. Ariko Isirayeli yose ihurira ku

kintu kimwe: Inkuru yabo itegereje iherezo. Ubwami buzaza vuba. Bityo barabutegerezanije

ibyiringiro.” (Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 4-5)

H. Imana isohoza umugambi wayo wo gucungura isi inyuze muri Yesu Kristo (Matayo-Ibyahishuwe 20) “Isezerano Rishya ryongeye gukomeza ya nkuru nyuma y’uwo mworera w’imyaka magana ane. Yohana

Umubatiza abonekamo nk’uje gusohoza umurimo wa Eliya wo kugarurira abantu ku Mana binyuze mu

ukwihana [reba Mal 4:5-6]. Kuri ibi tubwirizwa kubona yuko ukubatizwa kwa Yesu uvugwaho nk’ihuriro

hagati ya Yesu na Isirayeli mu ukwihana. Dukeneye kwibuka yuko intego y’ukwihana ari ukugarurwa ku Mana.

Mu gihe Yesu ata cyaha yari afite yasabwaga guheba, yiyerekana nka Isirayeli iyoborwa n’Imana mu buryo

bwuzuye, bityo, umwana ushimisha Imana. Mu magambo make, twari dukwiye kubona yuko ukutuzura

kw’Isezerano rya Kera ni kwo gutuma biba ngombwa ko habaho uburyo bwo gutanga insobanuro zishingiye

kuri Kristo.” (Goldsworthy 2000: 179)

“Iyo Mana nyene ni Yo Muremyi n’Umurokozi. Hejuru y’ibyo, ugucungurwa n’ishusho y’irema rya

mbere bikurikirwa n’irema rya kabiri. Ukugwa kwagize ingaruka ku byaremwe bito byose. Ingaruka zadudubije

zituruka kuri Adamu nka we waserukira abandi. Mu buryo bukwiriye, ugucungurwa kurasana kandi kukanesha

iki kibazo. Ingaruka zidudubiza zikomoka muri Kristo, we nk’userukira ibyaremwe byose (gereranya na

Abaroma 8:22). Igitekerezo cy’uhagararira itsinda rinini cyane na cyo cyinjira muri uwo mugambi wose.

Adamu nk’umwana w’irema ahagarariye abamukomokaho bose. . . . Kristo na We nk’Umwana waje

nk’Umucunguzi ahagarariye abo bose bahurira muri We (Abaroma 8:29-34).” (Poythress 1991: 77)

1. Ibitabo bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza: Isezerano rya Kera ryatanze ubuhanuzi kandi risohozwa na Yesu.

“Ibisekuruza nk’uko byanditswe na Matayo na Luka byemeza neza ihuriro ryo mu buryo bwimbitse

hagati y’ukuza kwa Yesu n’umugambi w’Imana kandi bikora mu bihe byatambutse. Luka 1-2

hasobanura ibyiringiro by’Isezerano rya Kera ku bantu nka Zakariya, Elizabeti, Mariya, Simiyoni na

Ana, aba bose bātura ukwiringirwa kw Imana bavuga yuko izasohoza amasezerano yayo yo mu


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Isezerano rya Kera.

Muri Yesu w’i Nazareti ni mo ukurokorwa n’ugusohozwa kw’ibyasezeranywe gusohorera. . . .

Kumara ikiringo cy’imyaka igera kuri itatu, Yesu yagendagenze mu bihugu by’i Galilaya, Yudaya,

Samariya n’intara zizungirije. Ashyira umutima we ku itsinda rya bamwe cumi na babiri; nka bo

bazakomeza umurimo yakoraga ni yamara kugenda, kandi atera akamo ageza amabwiriza ku mbaga

z’abantu (abenshi muri bo, ariko si bo bonyine, bari Abayuda). Ubutumwa bwari bwerekeye cyane-

cyane ab’ubwoko bw’Abisirayeli ariko bukora ku mahanga yose, harimo n’abo mu gihe cye. Inyigisho

ze, zari ziryoheye uwazumva wese, kandi zarangwagamo igitekerezo kivuga ku isano hagati ye n’Imana

nk’umuhungu wa Se ari we Mana. Na none asa n’ushaka kwemeza yuko areshya n’Imana. Inyigisho ze

zikomeza kugaragaza ishusho y’uko akomeza ashimangira yuko yaje azanye agakiza, katanyura mu

nyigisho ze zarangwagamo ubwenge, ahubwo binyuze mu ukwizera urupfu rwe rw’igitambo yari agiye

kunyuramo; ukwo kwizera kugakorwa ku giti cy’umuntu (Mariko 8:31; 10:32-34,45). Ibitabo bine

bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza bigira uruhare mu kugaragaza ibyishimo bizanwa n’ukuza kwa Yesu, atari mu

bitangaza yakoze, ubwenge cyangwa se imyifatire ye, myiza koko nk’uko byari bimeze, ahubwo

binyuze mu rupfu rwe rutwikira ibyaha no mu kuzuka kwe kudakemangwaho ikintu na kimwe.

Igikorwa cya Yesu cyabaye isohozwa ry’umugambi w’Imana wo gukiza washyizweho mu bihe

by’Isezerano rya Kera. Umuhamagaro we ku ukwihana n’ugutanga ubugingo bushya bisohoza umurimo

w’ubuhanuzi; urupfu rwe nk’igitambo n’umurimo wo kuba umuhuza bisohoza inshingano y’umurimo

w’Umutambyi Mukuru wo mu buryo bw’iteka; ubutegetsi afite (Yohana 18:37) we nk’ukomoka kuri

Dawidi bumushyiraho nka We Mwami w’abami, uhagarariye Imana ahantu hose, ibihe byose byagize

amateka. Agakiza kazazanwa na Mesiya nk’uko kavuzwe muri Edeni (Itang 3:15) kaje gusohorezwa

muri Mesiya Yesu.” (Yarbrough 1996: 64-65)

2. Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa hamwe n’Inzandiko: Itorero rikwira hose. “Igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa

gitangirana n’ukuza kw’Umwuka Wera, ukwo kuza kwe kwari kwarahanuwe, na Yesu ubwe na We yari

yarabitanzeho isezerano (Ibyakozwe 2). Mwuka Wera araza, afite intego yo kuzana ubugingo bushya

bw’Ubwami bw’Imana kuri bariya bava mu byaha, bakizera ko ibishya byazananye na Yesu, kandi

bakabatizwa muri uwo muryango w’ubwo bwami buvutse. Uyu muryango mushya ushyirwaho kandi

wiyemeza gukora ibyo Imana izakoresha mu kugarura mu bantu ubuzima bw’ukuzuka: Ijambo

ry’Imana, gusenga, ubusabane n’Ameza y’Umwami (Ibyak 2:42). Bityo, ubugingo bw’Ubwami

bw’Imana bugenda bwigaragaza i Yerusalemu, itorero rihita ritangira gukura. Itorero rikwira hose

uhereye i Yerusalemu ukageza i Yudaya n’i Samariya. Nyuma ahantu hashya harashingwa i Antiyokiya

(Ibyak 11:19-28). . . . Paulo agira uruhare rukomeye mu ugukwirakwizwa kw’Inkuru Nziza mu Ubwami

bwa Roma bwose. Ubwo bwami bwari umwanzi ukomeye w’Itorero, ariko guhura na Yesu byahinduye

ubwo bwami kuba ahantu ho gutegurira no kwoherereza abamisiyoneri mu isi itari iy’Abayuda. Mu

ngendo zitatu zitandukanye, Paulo yagiye ashinga amatorero. Yandikira ayo matorero mashya inzandiko

cumi n’eshatu kugira ngo ashyire intege mu bayoboke bayo no kubahugura ku bijyanye n’imyifatire

yabo nk’abayoboke ba Yesu wazutse. Izo nzandiko, hamwe n’izindi, zishyirwa mu Isezerano Rishya.

Buri rwandiko muri izo zindi rurakomeza kugeza n’ubu mu kinjana cya makumiabili na rimwe, gutanga

amabwiriza y’agaciro ku bikwiye kwizerwa mu Nkuru Nziza n’uburyo bwo kwitwara buhwanye

n’ubuyobozi bw’Imana muri ubu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.” (Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 6)

I. Yesu ahishura imiterere nyakuri ya Mesiya, y’Ubwami bw’Imana, n’Itorero

N’ubwo Yesu ari We Shusho ya nyuma kandi yuzuye kuruta andi yose y’ubuhanuzi n’ibyari byitezwe

byo mu Isezerano rya Kera, “abisohoza mu buryo butangaje mu buryo bw’uko ata washobora kuba yarahanuye

inzira azazana mu ubwami” (Goldsworthy 1991: 203). Ibitabo bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza, Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa,

hamwe n’Inzandiko bigaragaza uburyo bumwe gusa Yesu agaragazamo kamere nyakuri ya Mesiya, Ubwami

bw’Imana n’Itorero.

1. Yesu ari We Mesiya. Abenshi mu Bayuda bari biteze kubona Mesiya nk’umuntu wo mu urwego rwa

politike uzirukana Abaroma nyuma agasubizaho Yerusalemu n’urusengero mu ubwiza bwarwo

nk’ahantu hahurirwamo n’isi nshya. Yesu ntiyujuje ibyo abakuru b’idini ry’Abayuda bari biteze.

Yavuze muri make imirongo imwe n’imwe yo mu Isezerano rya Kera mu buryo butomoye kuruta uko

abandi babivuze mbere. Yavuze yuko yari Imana yahindutse umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye (Yoh 1:1-14;

10:30; 14:6-11; Abafil 2:5-7; Abakol 1:16-17; 2:9; Tito 2:13; Abaheb 1:8), kandi na none yari

umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye—Adamu wa nyuma, wo mu rubyaro rwa Aburahamu, umwana wa Dawidi,

We muhanuzi nyakuri (Mat 21:9; Luka 14:16-24; Abar 1:3; 5:19; 1 Abakor 15:22, 45; Abagal 3:16;

Abakol 1:15). Uburyo avuga yuko ari Imana, n’uburyo yikorera umurimo w’Imana (reba Yoh 2:13-22;


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7:37) byaganishije abatware b’Abayuda mu nkubira y’urwango. Impamvu n’uko, ku madini yo mu

ntara z’i Burasirazuba “Imana” cyari ikintu gisa n’ “imbaraga z’ubuzima” zinjiraga muri buri muntu no

muri buri kintu. Mu madini yemera “imana” nyinshi y’i Burengerazuba, rimwe na rimwe habayeho

“imana” nyinshi zambaye ishusho y’abantu. Kugira ngo kiremwamuntu avuge yuko afite kamere

y’ubumana ntibyaba birenze uko abantu baba bashobora kubyemera. Mu idini rya Kiyuda, byari

bitandukanye n’uko. Ryari rifite uburyo ribona Imana mu “urwego rwo hejuru”: Imana ni Yo yari

umuremyi, itandukanye kandi ata ho ihurira n’ibyo yaremye. Kiremwamuntu kwiyita Imana, nk’uko

byagenze kuri Yesu, dushingiye ku mahame y’idini rya Kiyuda ryo mu kinjana cya mbere, ibyo

ntibyumvikana kandi byari igitutsi. Kandi, inshuro zirenze imwe, Abatware b’Abayuda basobanukiwe

ibyo Yesu yavugaga, nyuma bagera aho bashaka kumwicisha amabuye kubera yatukanye (reba Abalewi

24:10-16; Mat 9:2-3; 26:63-66; Mariko 2:5-7; 14:61-64; Luka 22:70-71; Yoh 5:17-18; 8:58-59;

10:30-33; 19:7).

2. Imiterere y’ubwami bw’Imana yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Imiterere nyayo y’ubwami itandukanye

n’uburyo Abayuda ndetse n’abigishwa ba Yesu (ubwa kera) bari babyiteze. Bari biteze impinduka yo

mu ruhande rwiza y’ububasha n’igihagararo cya Isirayeli mu isi (reba Ibyak 1:6). Mu mwanya w’ibyo,

Yesu yashyizeho itorero nk’userukira ubwami ku isi mu buryo bufatika (Mat 16:18-19). Yabwiye Pilato

ati, “Ubwami bwanjye s’ubwino” (Yoh 18:36). Mbere y’aho yari yabariye Abafarisayo ati, “Ubwami

bw’Imana ntibuzaza ku mugaragaro, kandi ntibazavuga bati ‘Dore ngubu’, cyangwa bati ‘Nguburiya’,

kuko ubwami bw’Imana buri hagati muri mwe” Luka 17:20-21). Ikindi, Ubwami ntibuhagarira haba ku

Bayuda gusa cyangwa se ku gihugu cya Palestina. Ahubwo, bwo bwakira bose nta kurobanura. Muri

bwo harimo Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga ku rugero rumwe (Ibyak 10-11; Abef 2:11-22) kandi bwakira

ab’isi bose (Mat 28:18-20; Ibyak 1:8; Ibyah 5:9; 7:9). Ibyak 1:8 n’amabwiriza ngenderwaho agenga

umurimo wo gukwirakwiza itorero.

3. Ishusho “yasohoye/itarasohora” y’Ubwami bw’Imana. “Icyo abahanuzi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera

ndetse n’abigishwa ba mbere bo mu Isezerano Rishya batari bwagahishurirwe neza cyari ishusho

y’ibihe bya Mesiya yasohoye/itarasohora ” (Yarbrough 1996: 65). Igihe Yesu yirukanaga abadayimoni

yabwiye Abafarisayo ati, “Noneho Ubwami bw’Imana bubaguyeho gitumo” (Luka 11:20). Yesu

yahawe ububasha mu ijuru no ku isi kandi na n’ubu aracyatwarira mu ijuru ku “ntebe y’ubwami ya

Dawidi” (Mat 28:18; Ibyak 2:29-36; Abef 1:18-23). Ariko na none turacyahura n’icyaha n’ikibi, kandi

byinshi mu by’isi birwanya Yesu n’ubutware bwe. Insobanuro y’iki gihushane iri muri kamere

y’ubwami bw’Imana “yasohoye/itarasohora”: N’ubwo ubwami bw’Imana n’intwaro ya Kristo byamaze

kwizihizwa mu cyubahiro cyabyo cyuzuye (kandi bwabonetse ku ruhande rw’ihame ribigenga; ubwami

“bwasohoye” ), ubwo bwami na none ntibwarangije kuboneka mu buryo bwuzuye ahubwo butegereje

ukwizihizwa (uruhande “rutarasohora” rw’ubwami).23 Ibi bibonwa mu mpande zitandukanye:

a. Mu IR, abanditsi bavuga ku “bihe bibiri”: “ibihe bya none,” n’ “ibihe bizaza.” “Ibihe bya

none” birangwa n’ukurongora hamwe n’ibindi bintu by’igihe gito (urugero, Mariko 10:30;

Luka 20:34; Abar 12:2), ikibi (Abagal 1:4; Abef 2:2), n’ubwenge bw’isi (1 Abakor 1:20;

2:6-8). Ku rundi ruhande, “ibihe bizaza” birangwa n’ubugingo bwo kuzuka n’ukudapfa (e.g.,

Mariko 10:30; 1 Abakor 15:50), nta gushaka kuzabaho (Luka 20:35), nta kibi kizongera

kubaho (1 Abakor 6:9-10; Abagal 5:21; Abef 5:5) (Riddlebarger 2003: 82-83). Ukuza kwa

mbere kwa Kristo kwaje kuzananye n’ugutangiza ku mugaragaro ibihe bizaza muri Kristo

n’abe. Bityo, ibyo bihe bibiri biragongana. Mu gihe ingoma ya Kristo yamaze gutangira

(Abaheb 2:9; Abef 1:21), mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi, ibihe bizaza na byo byamaze

gutangira. Nk’uko ibihe bya none ari ibihe by’iremwa rishaje, ibihe bizaza na byo bikaba ari

ibihe by’iremwa rishya, mu nsobanuro imwe, iremwa rishya ryamaze kwizihizwa (2 Abakor

5:17; Abagal 6:15). Nk’imbuto z’ukuza kwa Yesu kwa mbere, ibihe bya none biri mu “minsi

yabyo ya nyuma” (reba Ibyak 2:17; Abaheb 1:2; Yak 5:3; 1 Pet 1:20; 1 Yoh 2:18; Juda 18).

“Ibihe bya none” bizashira nyuma y’ “ibihe bizaza” tuzabibamo mu cyubahiro cyabyo cyuzuye

mu gihe cy’Ukugaruka kwa Yesu (reba Mat 24:3; Tito 2:12-13).

b. Uruhurirane rw’ibyo bihe bibiri, n’ “umuzo” w’ibihe biri imbere muri ibi bihe turimo,

bisobanura uburyo Bibiliya itanga ishusho y’ “inzego ebyiri” z’agakiza. Ugutsindishirizwa

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Iyi shusho “yasohoye/itarasohora” yavuzweho n’abashakashatsi benshi. Reba, urugero, Hoekema 1979:13-22; Venema

2000: 12-32; Vos 1979: 38 (imbonerahamwe ishobora gufasha). Iragaragara nk’ishusho muri za ‘Hahirwa’ zo muri Mat

5:2-10: vv.2, 10 ziri muri kubu (none); izindi zose ziri muri kazaza (ejo hazaza). “Iri tandukaniro rifite ireme cyane, kuko

rishimangira yuko, n’ubwo ubwami bw’Imana (ingoma ya Kristo) buriho mu buryo bugaragara none, ubwami bwishimiwe

mu buryo bwuzuye butegereje igihe azagarukira mu cyubahiro cye” (Alexander 2008: 95).


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(Abaroma 5:1; Matayo 12:37), guhindurwa abana (Abar 8:14-16 n’umurongo wa 23 w’icyo

gice nyene hamwe na Abagalatiya 4:4-6 hamwe na Abef 4:30), n’ugucungurwa (Abef 1:7

hamwe na 4:30) hamwe n’ibindi bivugwa muri Bibiliya bijyanye n’agakiza byashobora

kuvugwaho nk’ibyabaye kera n’imigisha yo mu bihe bizaza. Uko ni kwo biri yuko ibihe bigiye

kuza bizana agakiza byisanga mu nzego ebyiri. Hariho uruhurirane rw’ ibi bihe turimo n’ibihe

bizaza.” (Waldron n.d.: n.p.) Kimwe n’ibi, imwe mu migani ya Yesu, urugero umugani

w’amasaka n’urukungu (Mat 13:24-30, 36-43) n’umugani w’urushundura (Mat 13:47-50),

ivuga ku miterere ebyiri y’ubwami. Ubwami burahari ubu ngubu ariko ntituragera aho kurya

ibyiza byabwo. Ubu ngubu, icyiza n’ikibi biracyabana, ariko igihe cy’isarura kizaza aho buri

kimwe cyose, icyiza cyangwa se ikibi kizashyirwa ku ruhande rwacyo. 1 Abakor 15:20-28

havuga ibisa n’ibi: nk’uko ukuza kwa Mesiya nk’umubibyi, nyuma na ho akaza nk’umusaruzi

muri Matayo 13; ibyo bintu bibiri n’ibimenyetso by’ugutaha ubwami n’ukurya ibyiza byabwo,

bityo ukuzuka kwa Kristo kwagereranywa n’umuganura, nyuma ukuzuka kw’aba Kristo igihe

azagarukira (1 Abakor 15:23) bikagereranywa n’ukurya ibyiza by’ubwami.

4. Ubwami bw’Imana bugaragarira mu ukubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza, no mu myitwarire ishingiye kuri

bwo tubifashijwemo n’Umwuka Wera. Nk’uko Yesu yerekanye ugusohozwa gutunguranye kw’icyo

Mesiya ari, n’icyo ubwami buri, bityo yinjizamo urwego rushya rw’icyo IK ryari ryiteze kuzabona ku

bijyanye n’Umwuka w’Imana n’ubutware bushya bw’Imana: azaba atari kumwe n’abigishwa be mu

buryo bw’umubiri ariko mu buryo bw’Umwuka akaba ari imbere muri bo (Yohana 14-16; Ibyakozwe

1-2). Yesu atangiza mu ruhame umurimo we, yerekanye ihuriro riri hagati y’ubwami n’ubutumwa

bwiza: “Igihe kirasohoye, ubwami bw’Imana buri hafi. Nuko mwihane, mwemere ubutumwa bwiza”

(Mariko 1:15). Ubwo habayeho ugupfa, ukuzuka n’ukuzamurwa mu ijuru kwa Yesu, ubu noneho,

ububasha bwuzuye bw’Umwuka Wera burahari. Ibyak 2:38 hasobanura ibyabaye igihe buri wese

yashoboraga kwumva ubutumwa bwiza akabwizera: ibyaha bye birababarirwa nyuma akakira impano

y’Umwuka Wera. Igihe yasubizaga ku kibazo abigishwa be bamubajije ku bijyanye n’ukugarura

ubwami bwa Isirayeli (Ibyak 1:6-8), Yesu yasubije ati: “Ubu ngubu ubwami burimo busubizwaho,

ariko atari mu buryo bari babyiteze. Ubwami buza binyuze mu ukubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza mu

mbaraga z’Umwuka Wera. Imbaraga z’ubwami ntizibarizwa mu gikorwa cy’Umwuka Wera gusa,

cyangwa se mu ijambo rya Kristo honyine, ahubwo buri mu gihe ibi byombi bikoreye hamwe. Bityo,

Yesu aba atanze insobanuro ya nyuma ku bijyanye n’ubuhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera ku bijyanye

n’umunsi w’agakiza.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 212) Kubera kwizera Kristo kwacu, Imana “yadukijije

ubutware bw’umwijima, abudukuramo atujyana mu bwami bw’Umwana we akunda” (Abakol 1:13).

5. Itorero n’ishusho y’ubwami bugiye kuza. Kristo yashyizeho itorero rye nk’uburyo butagaragara bwo

kwerekana umubiri We ku isi nyuma yo kuzamuka agasubira kwa Se (Mat 16:18; reba 1 Abakor

12:12-28). Kristo yatumye itorero, “nk’uko Data yantumye, ni na ko nanjye mbatumye” (Yoh 20:21),

na “Nuko mugende muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa, mubabatiza mu izina rya Data,

n’Umwana n’Umwuka Wera, mubigisha kwitondera ibyo nababwiye byose. Kandi dore ndi kumwe

namwe iminsi yose kugeza ku mpera y’isi” (Mat 28:19-20). Inzandiko zo mu IR zigisha itorero

“gukomeza bibuka mu mitima yabo yuko byose ku bijyanye n’Ubuzima bwa Gikristu n’ugushyira mu

bikorwa ubutumwa bwiza muri buri gice cy’ubuzima bwacu. Dutangirana na Kristo nk’ukuremwa

kwacu kwo mu buryo bushya, tugakomeza twerekeza ku ntego, iyo na yo n’iyo guhinduka tugasa na we

mu kuremwa bushya kwo mu urwego rw’isi yose.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 233) “Itorero rifata umurimo

wa Isirayeli nk’ikimenyetso cy’icyo Imana ishaka ku buzima bw’umuntu (Ex. 19:3-6; cf. 1 Pet. 2:9-12).

Itorero risabwa gukomeza inshingano y’ubwami Yesu yatangije mu Bayuda, ubwami bumaze kugezwa

mu moko yose yo ku isi. Ubu ngubu Itorero riyoborwa n’inkuru zivugwa ku itorero mu Byakozwe

n’Intumwa, kandi, mu murimo waryo, rigenda rihura n’amateka y’ubuzima mashya kandi atandukanye.

Ibi ni byo biha ibihe bya none insobanuro yabyo. Mu gihe ubwami bwa Kristo buri hejuru y’isi yose,

aho ibyaremwe bigera ni ho inshingano z’ubwoko bw’Imana zigera. Ibi bisobanura ngo, ubwoko

bw’Imana babaho ubuzima buvuga ngo, ‘Uku ni kwo isi yose izaba imeze umunsi Yesu azagarukira!’”

(Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 6-7)

IV. Amajuru Mashya n’Isi Nshya (Ibyahishuwe 21-22)

“Igitabo cya nyuma cyo muri Bibiliya ni Ibyahishuwe. Muri icyo gitabo, Yohana yazamuwe mu cyumba

cyo ntebe y’ubwami bw’Imana kugira ngo arebe uko ibintu byifashe by’ukuri. Yeretswe yuko, ibyashobra

guhagurukira guhakana byose, Yesu, uwo itorero rikurikira, ni We utegeka ibibera ku isi byose. Arimo ayobora

amateka ku iherezo ryayo. Nyuma yabyo, isi ya kera yarangwaga n’ikibi, imibabaro, agahinda n’urupfu


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izabirindurwa. Imana izongera iture hagati mu bantu bayo nk’uko yabikoraga ubwa mbere. Azahanagura

amarira. Nta gupfa nta gupfusha bizongera kubaho, imibabaro, agahinda cyangwa se ikibi icy’ari cyo cyose;

muri ibyo, nta kizongera kubaho. Abo bose bakurikiranye iyi nkuru biteze kuzumvana umunezero impanda

y’Imana ubwayo: ‘Byose ndabigira bishya!’ (Ibyah 21:5) Ishusho yo mu buryo bw’igitangaza yo mu bice bya

nyuma by’igitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe yerekeza ibitekerezo by’ubisoma ku mperuka y’amateka no ku ihemburwa

ry’Ibyaremwe n’Imana byose. Atumirira abanyotewe bose kuza kunywa ku mazi y’ubugingo ariko kandi

akanagabisha bariya babarizwa inyuma y’ubwami. Bibiliya irangizanya isezerano risubirwamo inshuro eshatu—

‘Dore ndaza vuba’ (Ibyah 22:7, 12, 20). Nyuma twumva ijwi ry’umwanditsi w’Ibyahishuwe asubiza avuga ati,

‘Amen! Ngwino Mwami Yesu.’” (Bartholomew na Goheen n.d.: 7)

A. Irema rishya ryo mu Byahishuwe riri hejuru y’irema rya mbere rivugwa mu Itangiriro “Mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro Imana yaremye ijuru n’isi; mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe, dusoma ibijyanye

n’ijuru rishya n’isi nshya (21:1). Mu Itangiriro, ibitanga umucyo byose bihamagarirwa kubaho; mu Byahishuwe

icyubahiro cy’Uwiteka ni cyo kimurikira igisagara [21:23; 22:5]. Mu Itangiriro dusoma imbaraga nyinshi za

Satani; mu Byahishuwe dusoma yuko Satani aboshywe nyuma akajugunywa mu Nyanja y’umuriro (20:10). Mu

Itangiriro dusoma gutakaza paradizo; mu Byahishuwe paradizo isubizwaho. Itangiriro risobanura ubutane bwa

kiremwamuntu igihe Adamu na Eva bahunga bava imbere y’Imana; mu Byahishuwe abacunguwe bishimira

ubukwe hagati yabo n’Umwagazi w’Intama w’Imana [19:7-9; 21:2-4; 22:4]. Mu Itangiriro ibidukikije bibaye

ikibazo ku mutekano kandi bibabaza kiremwamuntu; mu Byahishuwe ibidukikije bibeshaho abantu kandi

bikabaha ihumure [22:1-2]. Mu Itangiriro igiti cy’ubugingo kirinzwe n’umumarayika kugira ngo hatagira

ukiryaho imbuto; Ibyahishuwe kigarura uburyo bwo kugera ku giti (22:14). Iri huriro hagati y’igitabo cya mbere

n’igitabo cya nyuma bya Bibiliya n’ikimenyetso cy’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwa mbere bwavugwa kuri Mesiya

(Itang 3:15) n’uburyo Imana ari Yo kwiringirwa ku bijyanye no gusohoza Isezerano Rikuru ryayo (Ibyah 21:3).”

(Hamstra 1998: 123)

B. Irema rishya ryo mu Byahishuwe riri hejuru y’irema ry’umwimerere ryo mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro “Icy’uko mu ijuru rishya no mu isi nshya nta Nyanja yindi izongera kubaho cyangwa se umwijima

w’ijoro [21:1, 25] bisubiza abantu ku gitekerezo cy’iremwa rya mbere, mu gihe muri izo ngero zombi, ibi

bitegekwa, byaciwemo ibice cyangwa se bifite ububasha bugira urugabano. . . . Ni nk’uko iremwa rya mbere,

n’ubwo ubwaryo ryari ryiza, ryari rifite amahirwe yo gutera imbere mu nzira ebyiri: nimba kiremwamuntu

yarujuje inshingano ze, akabana neza n’Imana hamwe n’ibyaremwe, imbaraga zihishwe z’umuvurungano

ushushanywa cyane-cyane n’inyanja n’umwijima bizaba mu cyerekezo cy’ubutegetsi cy’umwana w’umuntu,

nyuma kumbure bigahinduka amasōko y’ukworoshya igikorwa cy’iremwa no kwishimana n’Imana nk’uko byari

bimeze kera, aho Lewiatani izaba yahindutse igikinisho. Mu gihe isezerano rikuru hagati y’Imana n’ibyo

yaremye ryari ryishwe, nyuma biremwamuntu bikifatanya n’inzoka n’ingabo zayo, imbaraga zitera

umudugararo zirarekurwa, inyanja ihinduka igikoresho cyo gutera ubwoba, ubuturo bw’ikibi n’igikoresho cyo

guciraho iteka. Ibyanditswe bishobora kuba biri ahantu handikirwa ibijyanye n’uko umuntu ahitamo iyi nzira ya

nyuma ariko intego ya Yohana n’iyo gusubiza intege mu matorero yuko atatereranywe mu maboko y’isi

y’agahinda, umubabaro no kuborogera abapfuye. Ahubwo, intsinzi y’ ‘Umwagazi w’Intama wakerewe’—

byagaragarijwe mu mukororombya ugose intebe y’ubwami [4:3], ikimenyetso cy’isezerano ryahawe Nowa—nta

kindi bizerekanirwamo keretse uguhinduka kw’isi yose, ikintu kizaba, nyuma yaho isi izazamurwa, iterekwe

hejuru y’ukwigomeka kwo mu bihe bizaza cyangwa se icyaha.” (Moo 2009: 166-67) “Hirya ya Bibiliya, nta

kundi kwizera gushingiye ku idini kuvuga ibijyanye n’ibyiringiro, ndetse n’ishyaka mu bijyanye no

gusubizwaho kw’amahoro yuzuye [aho hazabaho umwuzuro nyawo; amahoro; ubuzima bwuzuye, bufite

umurongo, burangwamo iterambere], ubutabera, umwuzuro muri iyi si yo mu buryo bugaragara. Vinoth

Ramachandra, umwanditsi wa gikristu wo muri Sri Lanka, abona ibi ngibi mu buryo bugaragara neza cyane.

Aravuga ati, andi madini yose, aha agakiza uburyo bw’uko ubohoka avanwa mu bumuntu bwo mu buryo

busanzwe. Agakiza kabonwa nk’uburyo bwo guhungishwa uva mu mvuto y’ukuba wenyine n’ukwambara

umubiri wo mu buryo bugaragara ujyanwa mu buzima bwo mu urwego rwo hejuru bwo mu buryo

bw’umwuka.” (Keller 2008: 223-24) Ubukristu ni bwo bwonyine butanga ibyiringiro by’agakiza k’isi: biremwa

muntu bifite imibiri mishya y’icyubahiro iba mu isi yahinduwe nshya, n’Imana iri hagati muri bo.

3. KRISTO N’ITORERO NK’ISOHOZWA RY’ISEZERANO RYA KERA (IK) Icy’uko Yesu ari We nsanganyamatsiko nyamukuru y’Isezerano rya Kera byerekana yuko Isezerano rya

Kera ridahagaze ukwaryo ryonyine. Twashobora gusobanukirwa ku urwego rw’amateka ibyabaye mu gihe

cy’Isezerano rya Kera, dushobora na none gusobanukirwa ku urwego rw’imenyekanishamana ibijyanye

n’amasezerano Imana yasezeraniye ubwoko bwayo atasohoye mu Isezerano rya Kera. Na none, “twifashishije

Isezerano rya Kera ryonyine, ntibishoboka yuko dusobanukirwa mu buryo bwuzuye ibikorwa by’Imana


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n’amasezerano yayo biryanditswemo” (Goldsworthy 1991: 54). Impamvu Isezerano rya Kera ryonyine

ridashobora gutanga mu buryo bwuzuye insobanuro iyirimo ni kubera yuko urugendo rw’ihishurirwa rwabaye

ikintu gikomeza (reba Abaheb 1:1-3). “Ihishurirwa ryakomeje gutera imbere bisobanura yuko ihishurirwa

ry’Imana ritatanzwe ryose umwanya umwe mu ntangiriro, ahubwo ryagiye ritangwa mu byiciro kugeza ubwo

umucyo wuzuye w’ukuri wagiye guhishurirwa muri Yesu Kristo. Hagati muri iri hishurirwa harimo

amasezerano y’Imana n’isohozwa ryayo. . . . [Yesu] ni we Hishurirwa rya nyuma kandi ryuzuye kuruta andi ku

bijyanye n’icyo amasezerano asobanura. Ibi bisobanura yuko ishusho n’ibigize isohozwa biruta cyane ishusho

n’ibigize amasezerano ubwayo.” (Ibid.: 64, 65)

I. Bibiliya ivuga ibya Yesu Kristo—Ni we Muntu uri mu Mutima wayo n’Insanganyamatsiko Nyamukuru

A. Yesu n’abanditsi b’IR bose bakoresheje IK mu gusobanura ibya Yesu

“Arababwira ati, Mwa bapfu mwe, imitima yanyu itinze cyane kwizera ibyo abahanuzi bavuze byose! None se,

Kristo ntiyari akwiriye kubabazwa atyo, ngo abone kwinjira mu bwiza bwe?” Atangirira kuri Mose no ku

bahanuzi bose, abasobanurira mu byanditswe byose, ibyanditswe kuri we.” (Luka 24:25-27)

“Maze arababwira ati, Aya ni amagambo nababwiraga nkiri kumwe namwe, yuko Ibyanditswe kuri Jye byose

mu matageko ya Mose no mu byahanuwe no muri Zaburi bikwiye gusohora. Maze abungura ubwenge, ngo

basobanukirwe n’ibyanditswe ko Kristo akwiriye kubabazwa no kuzuka ku munsi wa gatatu, kandi ko kwihana

no kubabarirwa ibyaha bikwiriye kubwirwa amahanga yose mu izina rye, bahereye kuri Yerusalemu.’” (Luka

24:44-47)

“Murondora mu Byanditswe, kuko mwibwira ko muri byo arimo mufite ubugingo buhoraho; kandi ari byo

bimpamya. Nyamara, mwanze kuza aho ndi, ngo muhabwe ubugingo. . . . Iyo mwizera Mose, nanjye muba

munyizeye kuko ari ibyanjye yanditse.” (Yoh 5:39-40, 46)

“Ariko ibyo Imana yahanuriye mu kanwa k’abahanuzi bose, yuko Kristo wayo azababazwa, ibyo yabisohoje

ityo. . . . Kandi n’abahanuzi bose, uhereye kuri Samweli n’abamukurikiyeho, uko bahanuye bose, ni na ko

bajyaga bavuga iby’iyi minsi. (Ibyak 3:18, 24).

“Abahanuzi bose bahamyaga ibye [Yesu], bavuga yuko ūmwizera wese azababarirwa ibyaha ku bw’izina rye.”

(Ibyak 10:43)

“Ariko mbona gutabarwa kwavuye ku Mana, na n’ubu ndacyariho, mpamiriza aboroheje n’abakomeye;

icyakora nta cyo mvuga keretse icy’abahanuzi na Mose bavuze ko bizaba; yuko Kristo atazabura kubabazwa,

kandi ko ari We uzabanza kuzuka no kubwira ubwoko bwacu n’abanyamahanga ubutumwa bw’umucyo.”

(Ibyak 26:22-23)

“Abahanuzi bahanuye iby’ako gakiza barondora iby’ubuntu mwari mugiye kuzahabwa babishimikiriye,

barondora igihe icyo ari cyo n’ibimenyetso byacyo, byerekanwaga n’Umwuka wa Kristo wari muri bo

agahamya imibabaro ya Kristo, itari yaba, n’ubwiza bw’uburyo bwinshi bwari bugiye kuyiheruka. Kandi

bahishurirwa yuko batabyiyerekewe, ahubwo ko ari mwe babyerekewe. Ibyo none mumaze kubibwirwa

n’ababwirijwe n’Umwuka Wera woherejwe ava mu ijuru; kandi ibyo abamarayika babigirira amatsiko bashaka

kubirunguruka.” (1 Pet 1:10-12)

B. Yesu yabonekeye abo mu IK mbere y’uko ahinduka umuntu Hari Imana gusa, ariko Imana iri mu Butatu Butagatifu—Imana Data, Imana Umwana, Imana Umwuka

Wera—Imana imwe mu ba peresona batatu. Ibi byagiye bikomozwaho mu buryo butandukanye mu Isezerano

rya Kera. Urugero, “Yachead n’ijmabo ryo mu IK rikoreshwa mu kuvuga ubumwe; ndetse no mu buryo

bw’Imibare. Rikoreshwa inshuro icumi mu Isezerano rya Kera, ariko bitari ibyo kuvuga ubumwe bw’Imana

(Itang. 22:2, 12; Zak. 12:10). Echad na ryo rivuga ubumwe bwibumbiye hamwe. Mu ubukwe, ‘babiri

bazahinduka umubiri umwe’ (Itang. 2:24); rubanda rwinshi rushobora kwishyira hamwe ‘nk’ikintu kimwe’

(Ezek. 3:1); cyangwa se bakaba bahuje ubwenge n’umutima: ‘Kandi n’abandi Bisirayeli bari bahuje umutima

wo kwimika Dawidi’ (1 Ngoma 12:38). Ikijyanye n’ubwinshi bwibumbiye hamwe gihora gikoreshwa mu

kuvuga Imana bavuga Umwami ‘umwe’.” (Pratney 1988: 259) Ikindi, “ijambo ryihariye ryo mu IK rikoreshwa

mu kuvuga Imana ni elohim, kandi iri jambo riri mu ubwinshi” (Feinberg 2001: 448). Hari inzira eshatu zivuga

kuri ibi. Iya mbere, ubuke bwa elohim ni eloah ryagiye rikoreshwa mu kuvuga Imana. “Keretse igihe


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kwumvisha ubwinshi ari cyo kigenderewe, ni kuki eloah atari ryo jambo ryakoreshwa? (Ibid.: 449) Icya kabiri,

igihe ijambo ryo mu ubwinshi elohim rikoreshwa mu kuvuga Imana, ntirikoreshanywa irivuga riri mu ubumwe.

Mu bisanzwe, amazina n’inshinga birahuza mu ubwinshi, bityo ibi ntibikunze kumera gurtyo. Rimwe na rimwe,

irivuga riri mu ubwinshi rikoreshwa na elohim igihe havugwa ku Imana ya Isirayeli [Itang 20:13; 35:7; 2 Sam

7:23]” (Ibid.). Icya gatatu, igihe hakoreshejwe insigarazina ziri mu ubumwe (urugero, “Jye”, “Ya,” “Wanjye”),

mu kuvuga Imana, rimwe na rimwe izo nsigarazina zo mu ubwinshi zirakoreshwa, “bishaka kuvuga ubwinshi

bwo mu Bumana” (Ibid.). Urugero, muri Itang 1:26 (“tureme umuntu mu ishusho yacu”) “inshinga ‘tureme’

(na’aseh) iri mu ubwinshi, birtyo ni ‘yacu’” (Ibid.:450; reba na none Itang 3:22; 11:7; Yes 6:8). Na none,

Yobu 35:10; Zab 149:2; Umub 12:2; Yes 54:5 hose havuga Imana nk’umuremyi cyangwa se uwahanze

ubuzima bw’umuntu cyangwa se uwahanze Isirayeli. Muri ibyo byanditswe byose, amagambo y’Igiheburayo

asobanura “umuremyi” cyangwa se “uwahanze” ari mu ubwinshi (Ibid.: 455). N’ubwo bamwe bashobora

kuvuga yuko ari “ubwinshi buvuga icyubahiro,” Klaas Runia we aravuga yuko elohim “ntirishobora kuba rivuga

‘ubwinshi buvuga icyubahiro’ kuko ibi bitari bwakamenyekane mu Baheburayo” (Runia 1982: 166; reba na

none Archer 1982: 359). Turebye ibiri muri iyi mirongo yo haruguru, insigarirazina zo mu ubwinshi

ntizishobora kwerekezwa ku bamarayika, cyangwa se ku wundi uwo ari we wese keretse ku Imana ubwayo

(Archer 1982: 359; reba na none Feinberg 2001: 450). Izi ngero zose zakoreshejwe mu indongoramvugo

(grammaire) zerekeza ku ubwinshi mu Ubumana.

N’Ubwo ibiranga Imana Umwana—Yesu Kristu—bisobanurwa neza mu IR nk’imbuto y’uguhinduka

umuntu kwe, yagaragaye kenshi mu gihe cy’IK atarahinduka umuntu:

1. “Umwami”. Ibice byinshi byo mu Ibyanditswe bivuga ku Mana mu IK ntibishyiraho itandukaniro

hagati y’abantu bagize Ubutatu Butagatifu. N’ubwo bimeze birtyo, mu Byanditswe byo mu IK igihe

yavugwagaho nk’ “Umwami,” abanditsi bo mu IR, na Yesu ubwe, basobanura neza yuko “Umwami”

ryavugaga Yesu Kristo.24 Urugero, 2 Ngoma 36:15-16 havuga ngo, “Umwami Imana ya ba sekuruza

ikabatumaho intumwa zayo,” ikazinduka kare igatuma, kuko yababariraga abantu bayo n’ubuturo

bwayo. Ariko bagashyinyagurira intumwa z’Imana, bagasuzugura amagambo yayo. Muri Mat 23:34,

Yesu akomoza kuri ibi, avuga ati, “Nuko rero kubw’ibyo ngiye kubatumaho abahanuzi,

n’abanyabwenge n’abanditsi,” bamwe muri bo muzabica, muzababamba. Petero ibi abihamya avuga

yuko wari “umwuka wa Kristo” wavugiraga mu kanwa k’abahanuzi (1 Pet 1:10-12).

• Yes 6:1-13, Yesaya ni iyerekwa ry’ubwiza bw’Imana. Isa 6:1 havuga ibijyanye n’“Umwami”

yicaye ku ntebe imbere mu rusengero rwo mu ijuru. Muri Yes 6:8 “Umwami” Imana aravuga ati,

“Ni nde watugendera?” Muri Yes 6:9-10, Yesaya aratumwe ngo agende, ariko akore mu buryo

badakorwaho n’ubutumwa kugira ngo badakira. Muri Yoh 12: 39-41, Yohana asubiramo

amagambo ya Yesaya yo muri Yes 6:10, arasobanura ati, “Ibyo byavuzwe na Yesaya, kuko yabonye

ubwiza bwa Yesu, akamuvuga.”

• Abar 10:13 hasubiramo amagambo yo muri Yoweli 2:32 (Yoweli 3:5 LXX, “kandi umuntu

wese uzambaza izina ry’Uwiteka azakizwa”), ayakoresha ashaka kuvuga ku ukwizera Kristo. Abar

10:11 na ho havuga ibisa na byo (hasubiramo Yes 28:16 LXX).

• Abaheb 1:5-13 hasubiramo amagambo yo muri Zab 2:7; 2 Sam 7:14; Zab 97:7; 45:6-7; Yes

61:1; Zab 102:25-26; 110:1 akoresha aya magambo kuri Kristo.

• Yes 8:12-13 (LXX) hahamagarira abantu kudatinya, ahubwo “Uwiteka Nyiringabo, abe ari We

mushimisha ukwera kwe, kandi uwo abe ari we mujya mwubaha.” 1 Pet 3:14-15 hasubiramo iki

gice muri aya magambo “ahubwo mwubahe Kristo mu mitima yanyu, ko ari we Mwami.”

2. Umumarayika w’Umwami. I ruhande rwo kubihuza n’abamarayika muri rusange, IK rivuga

“Umumarayika w’Uwiteka.” Rimwe na rimwe, “Umumarayika w’Uwiteka” avugwaho nk’Imana

cyangwa se akaramywa nk’Imana (Itang 16:7-13; 22:11-16; 31:11-13; Kuva 3:2-6; Yos 5:13-15

[“umugaba w’ingabo z’Uwiteka”]; Abac 13:6-22; Yes 63:9 [“marayika uhora imbere ye”]); mu bindi

bihe, “marayika w’Uwiteka” noneho agaragara atandukanye n’Imana (Kub 22:22-35; Abac 13:8-9). Iyi

mirongo “ibishimangira ivuga yuko, mu gihe hariho Imana imwe, rimwe na rimwe hari aho bijya

bigaragara yuko hariho ubwinshi mu Ubumana, kuko Umumarayika w’Uwiteka yitwa Imana kandi

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Uburyo bwimbitse kandi burangwamo ubwenge bwinshi ibyanditswe byo mu IK byavugaga kuri Kristo nk’uko biboneka

muri Yes 1:3, havuga hati, “Inka imenya nyirayo, indogobe na yo ikamenya urugo rwa shebuja. Abisirayeli bo ntibabizi,

ubwoko bwanjye ntibubyitaho.” Edmund Clowney aravuga ati, “Amagambo ya Yesaya yarangwagamo agahemo ko mu

buryo buhebuje arasohoye. . . . Ijambo Luka akoresha mu kuvuga ‘urugo’ [phatnē, Luka 2:7, 12, 16] riboneka muri iki

gice mu nsobanuro ya kera ya Yesaya mu Kigiriki [urugero, Septuagint (LXX)], no muri ‘rwa shebuja’ risobanura

“rw’umutware’ (kuriou).” (Clowney 2003:20) N’inka ndetse n’indogoba zimenya urugo rwa shebuja, ariko nk’uko

intumwa Yohana yabivuze, “Yaje mu be, ariko abe ntibamwemera” (Yoh 1:11).


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atandukanye n’Imana” (Feinberg 2001: 453). Edmund Clowney aravuga ati, “Umumarayika w’Uwiteka

avugira mu gihuru abwira Mose, ariko yivugaho nka NDI, Imana ya ba sogokuruza [Kuva 3:2-14]. Iki

n’ikimenyetso gihamye cy’uburyo [Imana yabonekeraga abantu] mu bihe byo mu Isezerano rya Kera.

Uwo Mumarayika yari Imana Umwana, Umwami. Umumarayika uhora uhagaze imbere y’Imana ni we

wavuganye na Aburahamu (Itang. 18:1-2, 22, 33), wakiranye na Yakobo (Itangiriro 32 [reba na none

Hos 12:3-5]), wagenderaga imbere y’Abisirayeli (Kuva 23:20), uwo Mose yifuje kubona (kumenya)

(Kuva 33:12-13), wiyeretse Manowa amumenyesha ukuvuka kwa Samusoni (Abacamanza 13).

Umumarayika avuga nk’Umwami, afite izina ry’Imana, kandi yerekana icyubahiro cy’Imana (Kuva

23:21). Arabutswe mu maso he mu gaturuturu, Yakobo yavuze yuko yabonye mu maso h’Imana (Itang.

32:30)” (Clowney 2003:12-13). Bityo rero, “Umumarayika w’Uwiteka” ntiyashoboraga kuba yari

Imana Data kubera yuko nta wigeze kubona Imana (Data), ngo akomeze kubaho (Kuva 33:20; Yoh

1:18; 1 Tim 6:16). Mu gihe rero abantu bamwe na bamwe bo mu bihe by’Isezerano rya Kera bagiye

babona Imana nyuma bagakomeza kubaho, ibi bisobanura yuko “Umumarayika w’Uwiteka” babonaga

yari Imana Umwana wo mu bihe by’imbere yo kuza ku isi kwe no guhinduka umuntu.

C. Yesu asohoza isezerano ryo mu IK ryo kuzabona Mesiya “Ijambo [‘Mesiya’] ritanga ishusho ry’umucunguzi wari utegerejwe cyangwa se ukumbuwe uhereye

kera, na cyane-cyane mu migenzo y’Abayuda. . . . Mu buryo ijambo ‘uwasizwe’ ryakoreshejwe, rifite

insobanuro imwe n’ ‘umwami,’ na cyane-cyane Dawidi n’urubyaro rwe. . . . Byashoboka na none yuko imvugo

y’ibwami n’ikimenyetso byagiye gukoreshwa bisobanura umwami wari witezwe ejo hazaza, ubwami bwe

buzarangwa n’ubutabera bw’iteka, umutekano n’amahoro bizahoraho. . . . Kwizera yuko hazaboneka Mesiya wo

mu buryo bw’ubutambyi, umwana wa Aroni, wari kuzanana na Mesiya ukomoka kuri Dawidi kugira ngo bakize

Isirayeli, bigaragara mu Mizingo yo ku Inyanja Itukura. . . . Nyuma ya byose, imyemerere yuko umukiza

washyizweho n’Imana yari akwiye kubabazwa (Luka 24:26; Ibyakozwe 3:18) ishingiye kuri za Zaburi nyinshi

zivugwa ko ari iza Dawidi (urugero, 22; 55; 88).” (Sawyer 1993: 513-14) Ubuhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya

Kera bwavugaga yuko Mesiya yari kuza mu buryo butatu: (1) umwami (reba Yer 23:5-6; Zab 110:1-2); (2)

umutambyi (reba 1 Sam 2:3525; Zab 110:3-4; Zak 6:12-13); na (3) umuhanuzi (reba Guteg 18:15-19).

Icy’ingenzi n’uko Mesiya atari kuba “umwami” ahubwo yari kuba “umwami mu buryo bwihariye”—umwami

wa nyuma uzatwara isi yose. “Mu bitekerezo by’abigisha b’ibyanditswe, Mesiya n’umwami uzarokora kandi

akaganza muri Isirayeli mu buryo buhambaye bw’amateka y’umwana w’umuntu, kandi akaba ikintu

kizakoreshwa mu ukwubaka ubwami bw’Imana” (Jacobs 2013: “Mesiya in the Rabbinic Thought = Mesiya

ujyanye n’Ibitekerezo by’Abigisha”). Ubutambyi bwe bwari ubw’ “iteka ryose”, bitandukanye n’ubw’abatambyi

b’Abalewi ahubwo bwari kuba “ubwo mu buryo bwa Melkizedeki” (Zab 110:4). Ikindi, ibice byinshi byo mu

Isezerano rya Kera byavugaga yuko Mesiya yari kuba uwo mu buryo bwa kiremwa muntu (urugero, Itang 3:15;

Yes 11: 1-5; 42: 1-6; 59:20; Yer 30:18-22; 33:14-15); ariko ibindi bice byavugaga yuko Mesiya yari kuba uwo

mu buryo bw’ubumana (urugero, Zab 2:6-12; 110:1-7; Yes 9:6; Yer 23:5-6; Mika 5:2; Zak 14:9).26

“Mesiya” (Mu Giheburayo = mashiach) ubwaryo risobanura “yasizwe” cyangwa se “uwasizwe” Ijambo

ry’Ikigiriki rivuga “yasizwe” cyangwa “uwasizwe” ari we christos aho izina “Kristo” rikomoka. Isezerano

Rishya ryerekana neza yuko Yesu Kristo asohoza icyo Abisirayeli bari bategereje ari cyo umwami n’umukiza

woherejwe n’Imana (reba, urugero, Mat 2:4-11; 16:16, 20; 22:42-45; 26:63-65; Mariko 8:29; 12:35-37;

14:61-62; Luka 4:41; 20:41-44; 22:67-70; 23:2-3, 39; 24:26, 46; Yoh 4:25-26; 11:25-27; 20:30-31; Ibyak

2:30-31; Ibyak 2:30-36; 9:22; 17:3; 18:5, 28; 1 Yoh 2:22; 5:1). Yesu yari umwami wari warahanuwe. Ibi

byaremewe mu ntango y’umurimo wa Yesu (Yoh 1:49, “Mwigisha, uri Umwana w’Imana; uri Umwami wa

Isirayeli”) na igihe Yesu yinjiraga i Yerusalemu ku nshuro ya nyuma, ibitabo byose bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza

bisobanura yuko ibyo byari bihwanye n’ukuza kw’Umwami ukomoka kuri Dawidi (Mat 21:1-11; Mariko 11:1-

11; Luka 19:28-40; Yoh 12:12-16). Yesu ni we mutambyi mukuru utunganye “mu buryo bwa Melkizedeki” mu

Rusengero nyakuri (Abaheb 2:17; 4:14-5:10; 7:1-8:6; 10:11-22). Ikindi, Yesu yasohoje ubuhanuzi bwa Mose

yuko Imana izahagurutsa undi muhanuzi umeze nka we (Yoh 1:45; 6:14; Ibyak 3:20-23). Nyuma y’ibyo, Yesu

yari umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye n’Imana mu buryo bwuzuye (reba UMUGEREKA WA 6—YESU N’IMANA

25

Uburyo uwu murongo wubatswe hakurikijwe indongoramvugo (grammar), harimo n’ikjyanye na “uzahora ugendera

imbere y’uwasizwe wanjye,” bivugwaho muri Kaiser 1995: 74-76. 26

Mu IK, Mesiya avugwa inshuro zirenze 100 kimwe n’ “uburyo” bwinshi bwerekezaga kuri Mesiya (reba Kaiser 1995:

29, 34; Payne 1980: 665-72). Ikindi, ubuhanuzi buvuga kuri Mesiya ntibwavuzwe mu buryo butagira ihuriro cyangwa se

ngo buvugwe mu buryo butagira umurongo. “Ahubwo, biratangaje kubona ukuntu, mu mashusho ku bijyanye na Mesiya

wari kuza n’umurimo we, harimo n’umugambi uhoraho w’Imana. Amashusho yari uruhererekane rw’amatangazo uhereye

igihe cy’imbere ya ba Sogokuruza ba mbere . . . ukageza ku gihe cy’abayobozi n’abahanuzi ba Isirayeli.” (Kaiser 1995: 29)


35

MU BURYO BWUZUYE KANDI N’UMUNTU MU BURYO BWUZUYE) Yesu yakiriye icyubahiro yahawe nka Mesiya, ariko Yesu, ari we Mesiya, umucunguzi wari

utegerezanyijwe urukumbuzi, yari yazanywe no gukiza abantu, bitari mu buryo bwa politike, ahubwo akabakura

mu buretwa bw’icyaha (reba Mat 9:2-8, 12-13; Mariko 2:3-12; Luka 5:17-26, 31-32; 7:47-50; 9:56; 19:10;

Yoh 5:33-34; 8:1-11; 10:7-9; 12:47). Ukubambwa ku musaraba kwa Yesu kwatumye abari bamutegereje

nk’Umucunguzi wari warabahaweho isezerano batakaza ibyiringiro kubera yuko bitumvikana uburyo

bategerezaga gucungurwa ku uwabambwe (reba Luka 24:19-21). Abantu ntibigeze basobanukirwa uburyo

ugucungurwa munsi y’ububata bw’icyaha byari kunyura mu ukubambwa. Bityo, ibitari byitezwe biraba: Yesu

aba arazutse ava mu bapfuye. Nyuma y’ukuzuka kwe, Yesu yasobanuriye abigishwa be ati, “None se, Kristo

[urugero, wa Mesiya] ntiyari akwiriye kubabazwa atyo, ngo abone kwinjira mu bwiza bwe?” (Luka 24:26),

kandi ati, “Ni ko byanditswe, ko Kristo akwiriye kubabazwa no kuzuka ku munsi ugira gatatu.” (Luka 24: 46).

Yashoboye kuganira n’Intumwa bahereye mu byanditswe by’Isezerano rya Kera yuko uwo Yesu yari we

Mesiya (Ibyak 2:29-36; 3:18-20; 4:5-12; 5:29-32; 8:30-37; 9:22; 13:32-39; 17:2-3, 10-12; 18:5, 24-28;

26:22-23; 28:23-24). Mu mburano ze, Paulo aravuga yuko yafashwe agashyirwa mu rukiko “kubera ibyiringiro

by’Abisirayeli” (Ibyak 28:20), urugero, “Ibyiringiro byo kuzabona agakiza kavuye kuri Mesiya [bya]hindutse

iby’ukuri binyuze mu ukuzuka kwa Yesu, uwo ni We Imana isohorezamo amasezerano yayo; ayo akaba ari yo

yari agize ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli” (Schnabel 2012:1069; reba na none Marshall 1980: 423 [“Icyo yaregwaga

mu rubanza rwe, nk’uko yagiye abivuga, cyari imiterere nyakuri y’ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli muri ukwo kuza

kwa Mesiya n’ukuzuka kwe”]; Haririson 1975: 402 [‘”Ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli]’ . . . biri mu umuntu ari we

Yesu w’i Nazareti nk’uko byakomejwe n’ukuzuka kwe ava mu bapfuye”]; Kepple 1977: 231-41). Nuko rero,

Isezerano rirabyamamaza, rigatangaza Yesu nka We Mucunguzi—Mesiya, Kristo—we wenyine ushobora

gukiza abantu akabakura mu byaha byabo (Mat 1:21; Luka 2:11; Yoh 1:29; 3:17; 4:42; Ibyak 3:26; 4:12;

5:31; 13:23, 38-39; 15:11; 16:31; Abar 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:1, 6-11, 15-21; 8:2; 10:9; 1 Abakor 1:30; 6:11;

15:17; 2 Abakor 5:18-21; Abagal 1:3-4; Abef 2:13-16; 4:32; 5:2, 25-26; Abafil 3:20; Abakol 1:12-14; 3:13;

1 Abates 1:10; 5:9-10; 1 Tim 1:15; 2 Tim 2:10; 3:15; Tito 1:4; 2:13-14; Abaheb 2:17; 5:9; 7:25; 13:20; 1 Pet 1:18-19; 3:18; 2 Pet 1:11; 1 Yoh 3:5; 4:9-10, 14; Ibyah 5:9; 14:4). Yesu yasohoje ubuhanuzi bwose

n’ibyiringiro byose byo mu IK bya Mesiya, ariko yabikoze mu buryo bwari bwitezwe; bityo aba abihaye

insobanuro yo mu buryo bwimbitse kandi bukomeye kuruta uko uburyo abantu bari babyiteze. (reba

UMUGEREKA WA 5—UBUHANUZI BWATORANIJWE BUVUGA KURI MESIYA N’ISOHOZWA

RYABWO)

D. Yesu asohoza isezerano ryo mu IK ryo guhabwa ubutumwa bwiza 1. Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo bwari bwarasezeranyijwe mu Isezerano rya Kera kandi

bushingiye kuri ryo. Insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru mu Butumwa Bwiza n’uko Imana yera, n’inyakuri,

irakiranuka kandi ni nziza (Itang 18:25; Kuva 34:6-7; Abal 11:44; Yobu 34:10-12, Zab 5:4; 136:1;

145:17; Habak 1:13; reba Abar 1:18; Yak 1:13). N’ubwo bimeze birtyo, abantu bakomereza mu

cyaha kandi imitima yabo ihora yerekeye ku kibi (Zab 51:1-5; Yes 64:6; reba na none Abar 3:23;

7:8-21). Icyaha cyacu cyazanye urupfu n’ugutandukana n’Imana (Itang 2:17; Yes 59:1-2; Ezek 18:4;

reba Abar 5:12-14; 6:23). Nta cyo twakora cyaba ikiraro kiduhuza n’Imana kuko ikibazo kiri imbere

muri twe; kandi ntidushobora guhindura imitima yacu (Umub 9:3; Yes 1:5-6; Yer 17:9; reba Mat 15:

18-19; Mariko 7:20-23; Abar 1:21; 3:10-18). Bityo lero, nimba dushaka kwemerwa n’Imana, Imana

ibwirizwa kudukorera icyo tutashobora kwikorera ubwacu, ikoresheje umusimbura uzikorera icyaha

cyacu n’urubanza rwacyo kugira ngo dushobore kubabarirwa (Itang 15:17-18; 22: 1-14; Abal 17:11;

Yes 53:4-5; Yer 31:31-34; reba 2 Abakor 15:21; Abaheb 10:10; 1 Pet 2:24). Nk’uko ibyaha byacu

byishyurwa n’umusimbura, ni na ko ugukiranuka dukeneye kugira ngo dushobore guhagarara imbere

y’Imana tuguhabwa kubera ubuntu bwayo binyuze mu ukwizera kwacu (Itang 15:6; Zab 32:1-2;

Habak 2:4; reba Abar 3:21-22, 24; 4:5, 22-25; Abef 2:8-9).

2. IR rivuga mu nshamake uburyo Kristo asohoza Ubutumwa Bwiza bwari bwarasezeranyijwe mu IK.

Abar 1:1-4 herekeza ku “ubutumwa Bwiza bw’Imana, ubwo yasezeranije kera mu byanditswe byera

binyuze mu kanwa k’abahanuzi bayo, buvuga iby’Umwana wayo, wavutse mu rubyaro rwa Dawidi mu

buryo bw’umubiri, kandi werekanywe n’ubushobozi ko ari Umwana w’Imana mu buryo bw’Umwuka

Wera, bigahamywa no kuzuka kwe, ni We Yesu Kristo Umwami wacu.” Goldsworthy arabisobanura:

“Icya mbere n’Ubutumwa Bwiza bw’Imana. . . . Ntibuza buvuga ku byo dukeneye nk’uko twaba

tubitekereza—uburyo nagira imibereho myiza kurushiriza, nkanesha ibibazo numva mfite, ngaha

ubuzima bwanjye izina—n’ubwo n’ibi na byo birimo mu byo ubwo butumwa bwiza buvuga. Ubutumwa

bwiza n’inzira Imana ikoresha mu gukemura ‘ikibazo’ cyayo ubwayo, uburyo, Yo nk’Imana ikiranuka


36

kandi yera, yashobora gutsindishiriza no kwemera umunyabyaha. . . .

Icya kabiri, n’ubutumwa bw’Isezerano rya Kera. Igice cy’ingenzi cy’Imenyekanishamana

ishingiye kuri Bibiliya n’ukugerageza gusobanukirwa uburyo amasezerano yatanzwe mu Isezerano rya

Kera asohorera mu Rishya. Mu yandi magambo, uburyo bwa gikristo Isezerano rya Kera rikoreshwa

n’umurongo tubonamo ubutumwa buri muri ryo bwerekeye kuri Kristo, no kuri twe binyuze muri We. .

. . Icya gatatu, harimo insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru muri ubwo butumwa. Buvuga cyane-cyane

ku Umwana kuruta aho bwavuga kuri Data, cyangwa se ku Umwuka Wera, cyangwa se ku uwizera. . . .

Si Imana Umwana wenyine, ari We muperesona ugira kabiri mu Butatu butagatifu bw’iteka ryose. Ni

Yesu w’i Nazareti ukomoka mu muryango wa Dawidi Umwami wa Isirayeli. . . .

Icya kane, hari icyakoretse kiri hagati mu mutima wabwo, icyo na cyo n’ukuzuka kwa Yesu ava

mu bapfuye. Paulo avuga yuko kuzuka kwa Yesu kwatumye ahita agaragara ko ari Umwana w’Imana. .

. . Ukuzuka kwa Yesu mu buryo bugaragara bw’umubiri ni yo nsanganyamatsiko nyamukuru mu

bijyanye n’ugusobanukirwa neza Ubutumwa Bwiza mu murongo w’Isezerano Rishya. . . . Ukuzuka ni

kwiza kuko kutābaho hatabanje kubaho ugupfa, kandi guhagarariye intangiriro nshya ya kiremwa

muntu. . . . Bityo, twavutse ubugira kabiri binyuze mu ukuzuka kwa Kristo (1 Pet 1:3). Kubera ukuzuka

kwe, duhita twinjira mu ubushya bw’ubugingo (Abar 6:4-11).” (Goldsworthy 1991: 81-82, 229).

E. Yesu asohoza IK ryose 1. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira yerekana ihuriro riri hagati y’inyigisho za mbere za Petero n’iza Paulo mu

Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa. Yerekana uburyo IK ryose ribona isohozwa ryaryo muri Yesu. Ubutumwa Bwiza Petero (Ibyakozwe 2) Paulo (Ibyak 13)

1. IK ryarasohoye

2. mu umuntu n’ibikorwa bya Yesu

3. wapfuye

4. akazuka

5. ubu na ho akaba yashyizwe hejuru

6. Muri We ni ho kubabarirwa ibyaha

bibarizwa

7. Nuko rero …

2:16-21, 25-31, 34-36

2:22

2:23

2:24, 32

2:33, 36

2:38

2:38-40

13:16-23, 32-39

13:23-26

13:27-29

13:30-31, 34-37

13:34

13:38-39

13:40-41

2. Amasezerano makuru yo mu IK, inzego z’ubuyobozi, ibyabaye mu mateka, n’ihanga rya Isirayeli

ubwaryo byerekezaga ku ukuri kwo mu IR. “Mu bihe by’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, tubonamo ukuri

kwo mu buryo bw’umwuka kuvugwaho mu buryo bw’amashusho. Igihe Imana yerekanaga uburyo

umuntu akeneye ko ibyaha bye bihongererwa, yakoresheje ubwoko bw’ibitambo n’ibicucu mu uburyo

busobanutse harimo n’ibihumbi by’abatambyi n’ibikōko byorowe. Igihe Imana yaha abantu bayo

isezerano ry’ukuzatura hagati muri bo, yabikoze mu buryo bw’ibicucu bw’ingobyi yari i Burasirazuba

bwo Hagati; yongera na none ibyerekanira mu nzu yubatswe mu matafari n’amabuye. Ubu ni bwo buryo

Imana yerekaniyemo umugambi wayo mu gihe cy’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera. Na none muri icyo gihe

nyene, Imana yakoreshaga abahanuzi mu gusobanura isohozwa ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka

ry’umugambi wayo, Imana yahisemo gukoresha imvugo y’ibimenyetso n’ibicucu. Yarimo isobanura

ibijyanye n’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya mu mvugo y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera. Yerekeje ibisobanuro

byayo ku ntego yayo yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, ikoresha uburyo bukeye kandi bugaragaramo umucyo

kuruta ubundi bwose, ibyo na byo bikaba byerekanwaga mu buryo bw’ibimenyetso n’ibicucu byo mu

buryo bugaragara.” (Lehrer 2006: 85)

Mu yandi magambo, Isirayeli yo mu gihe cyo mu IR nk’ishyanga, n’amasezerano makuru

yagiye ihabwa, amategeko, imihango n’inzego byari “amashusho,” “ibimenyetso” , “ibicucu”,

“amakopi” cyangwa se ingero y’ibihari mu Isezerano Rishya byasohoreye muri Kristo n’itorero rye

(Mat 5:17; 1 Abakor 10:1-6; 2 Abakor 3:12-16; Abagal 3:23-4:7, 21-31; Abakol 2:16-17; Abaheb

1:1-2; 8:1-10:22). Icy’ingenzi gikwiye kwibukwa n’uko “iyo igihe cy’isohozwa kigeze, inzego zahoze

ari ibimenyetso cyangwa se amashusho y’iby’ukuri ntiziba zikibaye iza ngombwa. Bihita bisimburwa

n’iby’ukuri byari bihagarariye.” (Holwerda 1995:74-75; reba na none Carlson 1984:142 [icyo kiza mu

buryo bw’ubahanuzi kubera umwimerere wacyo n’icy’umwanya muto, gihita kizamurwa kandi

“kigashyirwa munsi y’isohozwa ry’ubwo buhanuzi”]; Kaiser 1995: 34 [“Ibitambo, ibikoresho

n’umutambyi mukuru by’ihema ry’ibonaniro bihita bikurwaho igihe icy’ukuri, icyo byari bibereye

ibicucu bigeze ku ruhando”]). Ibice bikurikira byerekana uburyo Kristo n’Itorero ari “ibimenyetso” IK

ryerekezagaho.

II. Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu, iryahawe Dawidi n’Amasezerano Makuru Mashya


37

yerekezaga kandi asohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero “Mu Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu harimo Amasezerano Makuru yombi ari yo Irya Kera

[n’ukuvuga irya Mose] n’Amasezerano Makuru Mashya. Ibi bisobanura yuko Irya Kera n’Irishya ari’isohozwa

ryo mu buryo bufatika n’iryo mu buryo bw’umwuka by’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu. Isezerano

Rikuru Imana yakoranye na Aburahamu rihishura umugambi w’Imana wo gukiza ubwoko no kubuzana mu

gihugu cyayo. Mu Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, Imana ikiza ubwoko bwa Isirayeli mu buryo bufatika

(abuzukuruza bo mu buryo bw’umubiri ba Aburahamu) ibakura mu Banyegiputa ibazana mu Gihugu

cy’Isezerano ari cyo Palestina. Hakurikijwe Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, Imana ikiza ubwoko bwayo mu buryo

bwo mu umwuka (abuzukuruza ba Aburahamu bo mu buryo bw’umwuka) ikabakura mu cyaha no gucyirwaho

iteka ikabazana mu gihugu cyo mu buryo bw’umwuka (mu karuhuko kabonerwa mu gakiza no kubageza mu

ijuru).” (Lehrer 2006: 29)

A. Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu risohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero “Isezerano Imana yakoranye na Aburahamu rishyiraho urufatizo rw’amateka yose ajyanye no

gucungurwa nk’uko yanditswe mu Byanditswe” (Holwerda 1995: 32). Yari “intambwe ya mbere yo gusohoza

ibyavuzwe kera mu Itangiriro 3:15 ku bijyanye n’Urubuto Rumwe rujya gupfa ku musaraba mu buryo

bw’isohozwa ry’umugambi w’Imana w’iteka ryose kandi udahinduka ari wo w’ubuntu” (Reisinger 1998: 25).

Ibi byahawe insobanuro igihe iri sezerano ryashizweho igikumwe muri Itang 15:9-21. Imana yategetse

Aburahamu gutegura ibikōko bimwe na bimwe, buri gikōko agicamo hagati ibice bibiri-bibiri, noneho buri gice

agishyira imbere ya kigenzi cyacyo. “Mu bisanzwe, icyo gihe, iyo isezerano ryakorwaga abagize impande

zombi zakoranaga amasezerano banyuraga hagati y’ibyo bice by’ibyo bikōko byatanzweho ibitambo. Ibi byari

indahiro ikozwe mu buryo bw’inkinamico, nk’uko abo bantu babaga barimo bavuga bati, ‘Nzacibwemo ibice

nk’uku iki gikōko cyabikorewe ni yo ntuzuza icyo nsabwa gukora muri iri sezerano’ [reba Yer 34:17-20].”

(Assohoto na Ngewa 2006: 34) Ariko noneho mu birimo bivugwa aha ngaha, icuraburindi rimaze kuza, Imana

ni Yo Yonyine yashoboraga kunyura hagati y’ibi bikōko byaciwemo ibice (Itang 15:17). Bisobanura yuko ari

Yo Yonyine yari yiyemeje kwikorera imivumo yari muri iryo sezerano; yaba iyari yerekeye Imana ubwayo

n’iyari yerekeye Aburahamu. Ni nk’uko yarimo ivuga iti, “Ni ntasohoza uruhare rwanjye ruri muri iri

sezerano—na we ukananirwa kwuzuza ibiri mu ruhande rwawe—nzamere nk’ibi bikōko byakaswe mu bice

bibiri-bibiri.” Hafi imyaka ibihumbi bibiri nyuma y’aho, icuraburindi ryongera kuza ubugira kabiri; ku

musaraba, Yesu Kristo—bitari mu buryo bw’ikimenyetso nk’ubwa mbere, ahubwo mu buryo bufatika—

yikorera imivumo iri muri ryo sezerano yari kuba yarikorewe na kiremwa muntu bo bene gukora icyaha

(Mariko 15:33-39; reba na none Yes 53:8; Abaheb 10:19-20).

Mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi, andi masezerano agenda ajya mbere akomoka ku Isezerano

Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu. Igitekerezo cyo mu Abaheb 6:13-8:2 n’uko Yesu na We aruta Aburahamu kandi

kubera We hakabaho isezerano rikuru riruta irya mbere kuba ryiza.

1. Mu Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu (Itang 12:1-3; 13:14-17; 15:1-21; 17:1-21; 22:15-18)

harimo “amasezerano yo ku mutima y’ibanze atatu ahuzwa n’akagozi”: a. urubyaro bwo mu buryo

butangaje (n’ukuvuga, amasezerano yerekeye ku “urubyaro”); b. igihugu cyabo bwite (n’ukuvuga,

amasezerano ajyanye n’ “igihugu”); na c. umugisha wo mu urwego rusange (imigisha ku yandi moko

binyuze muri/mu urubyaro rwa Aburahamu) (Williamson 2000: 100-01; reba na none Kaiser 1978: 86;

Essex 1999: 208; Reisinger 1998: 6).

2. Uburyo Imana yagiye ihindura amagambo agize isezerano rikuru bwagiye buhinduka uko Imana

yagiye igendana na Aburahamu. Ku ntangiriro ya byose, Imana yasezeraniye Aburamu kuzamuhindura

“ubwoko bukomeye” (Itang 12:2) ariko mu nyuma ijya kuryagura imugira sekuruza w’ “amahanga

menshi” (Itang 17:5). “Igihugu,” ubwa kera kitari gisobanutse (Itang 12:1), ubwa mbere cyari

gisobanuwe nk’ahantu Aburamu yashoboraga kugezaho amaso (Itang 13:14-15), nyuma imbibe zacyo

zijya kuvugwa (Itang 15:18-21; 17:8), nyuma ya byose kijya kuvugwaho mu magambo yumvikana

yuko “urubyaro rwawe ruzahindūra imiryango y’abanzi babo” [mu magambo y’umwimerere “be”]

(Itang 22:17). Na none, Imana yagabanyije imbago z’ “urubyaro” izasohorezamo rya sezerano rikuru:

s’abakomoka mu rukiryi rwa Aburahamu bose bari muri iryo sezerano, ahubwo n’abo mu rubyaro rwa

Isaka bonyine (Gen 17:18-21). Muri urwo rubyaro, ni mo “amahanga yose yo mu isi azaherwa

umugisha” (Itang 22:18).

3. Isezerano Rikuru rya Aburahamu ryateguwe mu buryo bwuko ryambuka rikagera hirya y’isohozwa

ryaryo ryo mu buryo bufatika bwo muri Isirayeli yo mu IK.

a. Isirayeli yo mu IK ni yo yari isohozwa ryo mu buryo bufatika ry’Isezerano ryahawe

Aburahamu. Ku bijyanye n’isezerano ry’ “urubyaro”, Kuva 1:6-13; Kub 23:10; Guteg 1:10


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havuga uburyo Abisirayeli bagiye baguka mu buryo butangaje. Guteg 1:10 havuga hati,

“Uwiteka Imana yanyu irabagwije; none dore muhwanije ubwinshi n’inyenyeri zo mu ijuru.”

Na none, isezerano rijyanye n’ “igihugu” na ryo ryarashojwe byibura inshuro ebyiri (mu gihe

cya Yosuwa [Yos 21:43-45] no mu gihe cy’ingoma ya Salomo [1 Abami 4:20-21]). Ku

bijyanye n’isezerano ry’ “umugisha”, mu 1 Abami 10:1-13; 2 Ngoma 9:1-12, umugabekazi w’i

Sheba yemeye ko Salomo yazaniye Isirayeli na buri wese yamwumvise ubwenge bwe. Bityo,

muri 1 Abami 8:56, Salomo yavuze ati, “nta jambo na rimwe mu masezerano yose Imana

yasezeraniye mu kanwa k’umugaragu we Mose, ritasohoye” (reba na none Yos 21:45; 23:14).

b. N’ubwo hari ibyasohoye by’ibanze muri Isirayeli yo mu IK, amashusho yo mu IK agaragaza

uruhande rw’ibitasohojwe byo mu Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu. Dushingiye ku

isezerano ryerekeye ku “urubyaro”, Guteg 30:4-5; Yer 23:3; Ezek 36:10-11 “herekeza ku

isezerano ry’uko umubare w’abantu uziyongera mu gihe cyari gukurikira ubunyage, nyuma

hakabihuza n’imigisha yari kugerwaho mu bihe byo mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya” (Williamson

2000:112). Ku bijyanye n’isezerano ryerekeye “ubutaka”, kuguma muri Kanani byari bishingiye

ku uburyo Isirayeli bazubaha Imana. Isezerano rya Kera n’ishusho y’uruhande rumwe

rw’isohozwa ry’isezerano, rwakurikiwe no kunyagwa igihugu no kugisubirana. Bityo,

igitekerezo cy’igihugu nticyigeze kigerwaho mu buryo bwuzuye mu gihe cy’Isezerano rya

Kera. Ku bijyanye n’ “umugisha wo mu urwego rw’amahanaga yose,” Yes 42:6; Yes 49:6

herekeza ku Umugaragu w’Imana uzaba “umucyo ku mahanga.” “Havuyemo ‘Imyaka yasa

n’izahabu’ yo ku ngoma ya Salomo, ‘umugisha ku mahanga’ wagumye ari ibyiringiro bitari

bwakagerweho muri biriya bihe byose by’Isezerano rya Kera. Mu Byanditswe n’Abahanuzi

ibintu be n’ibyo byari bikirebwaho nk’ibizasohora ejo hazaza.” (Williamson 2000:115)

Ibyiringiro by’uko Imana yari gusohoza amasezerano yahaye Aburahamu byakomeje cyane

Isirayeli igihe yarimo inyura mu bihano by’Imana (Yes 41:8-16; Mika 7:18-20). Yer 33:23-26

hahuza isohozwa ry’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu n’igihe Uwiteka yohereza Umwami

we nk’uburyo bwo gusohoza ibyanditswe mu Kub 24:17 na 2 Sam 7:16, iri sohozwa na ryo

ryari ryitezwe mu bihe byari gukurikiraho.

4. IR rishyira mu buryo bw’umwuka amasezerano yose yahawe Aburahamu. Hakurikijwe IR, Isezerano

Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu ryari gusohorera mu ihongererwa n’ukuzuka kwa Yesu Kristo byari

gukurikiraho.

a. Isezerano ryerekeye “urubyaro”. Mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusimura, ikijyanye n’

“urubyaro” rwa Aburahamu (Itang 13:15; 15:3, 5, 18; 17:7, 9, 19; 22:17, 18) rikunze

gusimurwa mu magambo “abakomoka” cyangwa se “abuzukuruza”. Ijambo ry’igiheburayo

rikoreshwa ku “urubyaro” rishobora kuba rivuga ubumwe cyangwa se ubwinshi. Mu Isezerano

Rishya, ibijyanye n’ubumwe ku isezerano ry’ “urubyaro” ryerekeye kuri Kristo nk’ “urubyaro”

nyakuri rwa Aburahamu; ibijyanye n’ubwinshi na byo bikaba byerekeye abo bose bari “muri

Kristo” kubera ukwizera (itorero).

(1) Yesu ni we “rubyaro” nyakuri rwa Aburahamu. Imbabazi z’Imana n’isezerano

rikuru ryayo yahaye Aburahamu, nk’uko byavuzweho muri Yer 33:26, Mariya yaje

kurisubiramo muri Luka 1:54-55 avuga ku ukuza kwa Yesu. Zakariya, se wa Yohana

Umubatiza, na we yerekeje ijambo rye ku ukuza kwa Yesu na Yohana uwamubanjirije,

nk’ugusohoza isezerano rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu (Luka 1:67-79). Luka 2:32

n’isohozwa ry’ibyanditswe kuri Yesu muri Yes 42:6; 49:6. Mu magambo ye, Yesu

yavuze yuko isezerano ryahawe Aburahamu ryari iryo mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi

yuko yarisohoje (reba Yoh 8:31-58). Mu Abagal 3:16 Paulo avuga mu buryo bwihariye

yuko isezerano ryashyiriweho Aburahamu “n’urubyaro rwe.” Arashimangira avuga

yuko ijambo “urubyaro” riri mu ubumwe kandi ko ryerekeza kuri Kristo.

(2) Abari muri “Kristo” kubera kwizera ni bo bana b’ukuri ba Aburahamu. Iyi ngingo

ikomeye cyane igizwe ahanini n’abantu b’ingenzi bavugwa mu IR.

• Yohana Umubatiza. Yohana Umubatiza ashyira mu urwego rwo hasi urubyaro

rw’Aburahamu rwo mu buryo bw’umubiri avuga ati, “Ntimukibwire muti, ‘ko

dufite Aburahamu, akaba ari we sogokuruza.’ Ndababwira yuko Imana ibasha

guhindurira Aburahamu abana muri aya mabuye” (Mat 3:9; Luka 3:8).

• Yesu Kristo. Yesu yakoze itandukaniro hagati y’abuzukuruza b’Aburahamu bo

mu uryo bw’umubiri (abo na bo si bo sohozwa nyakuri ry’Isezerano Rikuru

ryahawe Aburahamu) n’abuzukuruza ba Aburahamu bo mu buryo bw’umwuka (abo


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na bo ni bo sohozwa nyakuri ry’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu). Yavuze

yuko, mu gihe Abayuda babaye imbata z’icyaha, ntibari abana nyakuri ba

Aburahamu (Yoh 8:33-36). Iyo baba ari abana ba Aburahamu, bari kuba barakoze

ibisa n’ibyo Aburahamu yakoze; ariko kuba baragerageje kumwica n’igihamya

cy’uko batabikora. Bityo, s’abana ba Aburahamu ahubwo n’abana ba Satani (Yoh

8:39-41, 44). Abisobanura avuga yuko iyo Imana yari kuba ari Yo se ubabyara, bari

gukunda Yesu no kwumva ijambo rye (Yoh 8:42).

• Intumwa Petero. Mu Ibyak 3:25-26, yasobanuye neza yuko abizera Kristo

“ari bo bana b’abahanuzi kandi muri ab’isezerano Imana yasezeranije na ba

sekuruza banyu.”

• Intumwa Paulo. Paulo akomoza ku byo Yesu yavuze muri Yoh 8:34-44 avuga

ibijyanye n’abana nyakuri b’Aburahamu. Mu Abar 4:11-18 avuga yuko isezerano

ryahawe Aburahamu ryakozwe “bitanyuze mu mategeko, ahubwo binyuze mu

ugukiranuka kubonerwa mu ukwizera.” Yongeraho avuga ati, mu Abar 9:6-8

havuga yuko “abakomotse ku Isirayeli atari bo Bisirayeli bose,” kandi ko “ibyo

n’ukuvuga yuko abana b’umubiri atari bo bana b’Imana, ahubwo abana

b’isezerano ni bo bemerwa ko ari urubyaro nyarwo.” Ikivugwa mu Abagal 3-4

hose n’uko Kristo n’Itorero ari bo sohozwa nyakuri ry’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe

Aburahamu. “Imiterere ya Aburahamu n’icy’ingenzi ku gitekerezo cya Paulo mu

[Abagal 3:6] no gukomeza—‘Mwibuke Aburahamu’ (v. 6)—uwo Paulo aguma

amugarura mu gice cyose cya 3 (imirongo 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 16, 18, 29). N’iby’ingenzi

kubona yuko sogokuruza wacu wa kera yinjizwa mu biganiro nk’inzira iganisha

kuri wa Wundi w’isohozwa ry’isezerano ryahawe Aburahamu, ari We Yesu Kristo,

Umwana w’Imana (3:16, 26). Igikuru, icyo Paulo avuga muri iki gice n’insobanuro

y’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu rishingiye kuri Kristo no ku Isomo

ryigisha kuri Kristo. . . . Mu nshamake, Paulo arimo asobanura bushya Isezerano

Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu, aho icyo ashyira imbere ya byose ari ukuba uwa

Kristo, kandi abari muri We bose, Umuyuda n’Umunyamahanga, bemerewe kuba

uwo mu rubyaro rw’Aburahamu.” (Burke 2006: 112, 114n.33) Nuko rero, mu

Abagal 3:29, Paulo asobanura neza avuga ati, “Ubwo muri aba Kristo, muri

urubyaro rwa Aburahamu, muri n’abaragwa nk’uko byasezeranijwe”. Ibi biba,

atari kubera inkomōko yo mu buryo bw’umubiri, ahubwo kubera ukwizera

(Abagal 3:7-9, 14). Nk’uko Imana yasezeraniye Aburahamu yuko urubyaro rwe

ruzahwana n’ “inyenyeri zo mu ijuru’ kandi yuko ruzahwana n’umusenyi wo ku

kibaya cy’inyanja” (Itang 22:17), ibyo byasohojwe n’Itorero rya Kristo (ni ryo

rubyaro nyakuri rw’Aburahamu rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka), harimo abantu bo

“mu miryango yose, indimi zose, amoko yose, n’amahanga yose” yo mu isi (Ibyah

5:9; 7:9).

b. Isezerano ryo kuzahabwa “igihugu”. “Igihugu ni cyo kimenyetso cyo mu buryo bufatika

cy’isezerano ry’Imana. Bityo, cyari icyerekeza ‘ku umudugudu wubatswe ku mfatiro, uwo

Imana yubatse ikawurema (Abaheburayo 11:10). Kubona igihugu si byo byabaye akaruhuko ka

nyuma k’Isabato, ahubwo byabaye umusogongero wako (Abaheburayo 4:8-11). . . .

Uburumbuke mu gihugu cyari ikimenyetso cy’uko Isirayeli babaye abizerwa igihe yagendanaga

n’Imana (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 28:1-14). Ubunyage no gutakaza igihugu byatewe no

gukomereza mu ukutubaha Imana (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 28:15-29:28). Ubu buryo ibintu

biteguye yari ishusho y’ ijuru rishya n’isi nshya tuzazungura, tuzahabwa kubera ukwubaha kwa

Kristo, atari ukwacu (1 Petero 1:4).” (Poythress 1991: 106, 72)

(1) Mu IR, icyo “gihugu” cyahindutse icyo mu urwego rw’isi yose. Mu gihe itorero rya

Kristo ririmo abantu “baturutse mu miryango yose, indimi zose, amoko yose,

n’amahanga yose” (Ibyah 5:9; 7:9), Abar 4:13, ibi byagura isezerano ry’ “igihugu”

kugira ngo Aburahamu n’urubyaro rwe binjiremo nka “bo bazungura isi.” Mu Abar

4:13, ijambo rivuga “isi”, n’ijambo ry’Ikigiriki kosmos. “Bigaragara yuko Intumwa

yahisemo ijambo kosmos kubera (byibura, cyangwa se bihakwa kungana n’isi yose)

insobanuro yaryo yo mu urwego rw’isi yose n’uko, mu mwanya wa ge yakoreshejwe

mu bijyanye n’amateka y’isezerano rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu (urugero, Itang 12:1;

13:15 LXX). Mu gihe ge yashobora gukoreshwa ku ‘gihugu’ kizitiye, n’ubwo kigose


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‘isi’ (Itang. 1:1 LXX), Ibisobanuro nyabyo n’uko isezerano ry’igihugu Imana yahaye

Aburahamu, umugabo wagiraga ukwizera hamwe n’urubyaro rwe rwo mu ukwizera,

baba abakebwe cyanga se abatakebwe, rigera ku isi yose, kandi ko kitazagarukira ku

mbibe n’ubwo zaba zagutse kuruta izindi, igihe Isirayeli izaba imaze kugihindūra.”

(Johnson 2007: 284n.24) Igihe Paulo yifashisha itegeko ngo “Wubahe so na nyoko . . .

kugira ngo ubone amahoro, uramire mu isi” (Abef 6:2-3), ahindura umwimerere waryo

wo mu Isezerano rya Kera akuramo amagambo, ‘Uwiteka Imana yawe izaguha,’ ayo

magambo yari yerekeye ubutaka bwa Kanani (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 5:16). Ukwo

gukuramo ayo magambo atuma bisobanuka neza kurushiriza, Paulo avuga yuko none

muri Kristo isezerano rihwanye n’igihugu icyo ari cyose . . . Icyahoze ari umugisha

wasezeraniwe abantu b’Imana mu gihugu cy’umwihariko cya Kanani, cyatanzwe

n’Imana nk’impano, ubu noneho gihindutse isezerano ku bantu b’Imana bose batuye

aho ari ho hose ku isi, kandi cyari cyaratanzwe n’Imana nk’impano.” (Holwerda 1995:

102)

(2) IR risobanura bushya ibijyanye na Kanani yo mu buryo bugaragara yo mu IK (iyo

yari yarasezeraniwe Aburahamu) nk’ikimenyetso cy’ “igihugu” nyakuri, umurwa wo

mu ijuru, Yerusalemu Nshya (Abaheb 11:8-16; Ibyahishuwe 21-22). Ishusho

y’Isezerano rya Kera y’ “umusozi w’Imana” (reba, urugero, Yes 56:7) yari “igicucu”

cyangwa se “kopi” ikoresha ishusho cyangwa se imvugo yo mu buryo bufatika ivuga

ubuzima bwiza kurushiriza n’ibiriho byo mu buryo bwo mu umwuka bya Kristo Ubwe

(Abakol 2:16-17; Abaheb 8:1-10:22). Muri Kristo, ntimwegere wa musozi ubasha

gukorwaho . . . ahubwo mwegereye umusozi wa Siyoni n’ururembo rw’Imana ihoraho,

ni rwo Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru” (Abaheb 12:18, 22; 13:14). Abaheb 11:8-16

hasobanura neza yuko Aburahamu ubwe ntiyarimo ashakisha igihugu cyo mu buryo

bufatika ahubwo yashaka icyo mu buryo bw’umwuka: “kuko yategerezaga umudugudu

wubatswe ku mfatiro, uwo Imana yubatse, ikawurema” (Abaheb 11:10); na “ariko

noneho, barashaka gakondo, irusha icyo gihugu kuba cyiza, ni yo yo mu ijuru”

(Abaheb 11:16). Paulo arabisubiramo mu Abagal 4:21-31, aho yavuze yuko Umusozi

wa Sinayi wo mu buryo bugaragara na Yerusalemu yo mu buryo bugaragara byari mu

bucakara ariko “Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru yo ni yo mugeni, ni yo mubyeyi twese.” Mu

buryo busobanutse, “Paulo, hejuru yuko yakoresheje ibyanditswe byo mu Isezerano rya

Kera (Yes 54:1 mu Abagal 4:27) kuri Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru; ibyo na byo byahuraga

na Yerusalemu yo ku isi; yarahakanye na none avuga yuko iyi Yerusalemu ya nyuma

ata ho ifite ihurira na ‘Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru’ (Walker 1996: 131). Kimwe no muri

Mat 5:14 igihe Yesu yavugaga ku “umudugudu wubatswe ku mpinga,” iyi mvugo ye

ishobora kuba “ihuye n’ubuhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera bujyanye n’igihe

Yerusalemu cyangwa se umusozi w’inzu y’Imana, cyangwa se Siyoni, uzazamurwa

mbere, isi ibireba, amahanga ayihekaho.” (Carson 1984: 139-40). Ijambo “u” riherekeza

“mudugudu” ntarihari, nta wamenya neza icyo bivuga icyo ari cyo. Ariko, nimba ari

byo, bishimangira yuko abigishwa ba Yesu ari bo bakoze insanganyamatsiko nyakuri

y’ubwoko bw’Imana, uburyohe bw’ubwami bw’Imana bwo mu buryo bugaragara

bw’ubwami bw’Imana, n’umuyoboro w’ivugabutumwa—insanganyamatsiko zose

zikaba zishingiye ku gitekerezo cya Matayo” (Ibid.: 140).

(3) IR na none ryongera gutanga ibisobanuro ku bijyanye n’isezerano ry’ “igihugu”

mu kurihuza n’uburuhukiro bw’abizera bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka cyangwa se

bushingiye ku gakiza. Umutima w’isezerano ry’igihugu wari “uburuhukiro” bwa

Isirayeli bava mu maboko y’abanzi babo bose n’ukubona ibyo kubamara ubukene

byose (reba Guteg 12:9-11; 25:19; Yos 1:23; Zab 95:10-11). “Uburyo busanzwe bwo

gusobanukirwa isezerano mu Itangiriro 17:8 [ku bijyanye n’igihugu] ryashobora

kutwerekeza ku gitekerezo cy’uko ugukebwa kukiri itegeko ku ubwoko bw’Imana

(Itangiriro 17:9-14). Ariko Paulo yaratsinze impaka kuri icyo kibazo mu Bagalatiya no

mu Nama Nkuru y’itorero ry’i Yerusalemu (Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 15)!” (Travis 1982:

134) Nuko rero, Abaheb 3:7-4:11 hahindura insobanuro y’isezerano ry’ “Igihugu”

ryatanzwe mu Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu hakabihwanisha n’uburuhukiro

bwo mu urwego rw’agakiza. Hatabayeho ukwirengagiza isezerano ry’ igihugu, Abaheb

3:7-11, 15, 4:3, 5, 7 hasubiramo Zab 95:7-11 kandi hagakomoza ku Kub 14:23 na


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Guteg 1:34-35 aho “kwinjira mu kiruhuko cy’Imana” bihuzwa no kwinjira mu gihugu

cy’isezerano cya Kanani. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, Abaheb 3:11; 4:3, 5 hasubiramo na

none iki gice cya Zab 95:11 kivuga ngo, “ntibazinjira mu buruhukiro bwanjye.”

Abaheb 4:9-11 hanzura havuga yuko hariho uburuhukiro dukwiye kwitegurira

kwinjiramo. “Ibi Byanditswe [Abaheb 3:7-4:11] bisa n’uko bijya impaka [na Yos

21:43-45] kugeza ubwo tuzashyira mu gaciro insobanuro zihabwa uburuhukiro n’

igihugu mu Abaheburayo igice cya 3 n’icya 4. Urubyaro rwo mu butayu ntirwemerewe

kwinjira mu ‘Uburuhukiro bw’Imana,’ bisobanura yuko batemerewe kwinjira mu

Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Ibi byumvikana neza mu Abaheburayo igice cya 3 havuga yuko

bataronse agakiza. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, Yosuwa we, yajyanye Abisirayeli mu

Gihugu cy’Isezerano, bahabwa uburukiro hejuru y’abanzi babo bo mu buryo

bw’umubiri! Ariko umwanditsi w’urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo arimo avuga ku

isohozwa ryo mu buryo bugaragara rijyanye n’igihugu cyo mu buryo bugaragara

n’uburuhukiro hejuru y’intambara; hakabaho kugana mu uburuhukiro bwo mu buryo

bw’umwuka. Isezerano rya Kanani nk’ubutunzi bw’iteka ryose ryarangiye risohorezwa

mu ubutunzi bw’iteka bw’agakiza k’iteka.” (Lehrer 2006: 36)

c. Isezerano ry’ “umugisha”. “Muri Yesu Imana yakoze neza ibyo yari yaremereye Aburahamu

(Itang 12:3), nyuma abisubiramo mu Bahanuzi; na cyane-cyane, kugeza imigisha ku mahanga

yose yo mu isi” (Williamson 2007: 190). Mu Ibyak 3:25-26, Petero asubiramo isezerano ry’

“umugisha” ryahawe Aburahamu mu Itang 22:18 kandi iryo sezerano aryerekeza kuri bariya

bose bakijijwe kubera ukwizera Kristo, avuga ati, “Namwe muri abana b’abahanuzi kandi muri

ab’isezerano Imana yasezeranye na sekuruza wanyu, ibwira Aburahamu iti ‘Mu rubyaro rwawe

ni mo imiryango yose yo mu isi izaherwa umugisha.’ Ni mwebwe Imana yabanje gutumaho

Umugaragu wayo, imaze kumuzura, kugira ngo abahe umugisha, abahindure, umuntu wese, ngo

ave mu byaha bye.” Mu Abagal 3:8-9, 14 Paulo asubiramo isezerano ry’ “umugisha” ryo mu

Itang 12:3 ariko agasobanura yuko “umugisha wa Aburahamu” ni wo gutsindanishirizwa

kwacu binyuze mu ukwizera kubonerwa “muri Yesu Kristo honyine.” Nuko rero, ku bijyanye

n’isezerano ry’ “urubyaro” n’isezerano ry’ “igihugu”, byari byitezwe yuko “umugisha”

usohorera, atari mu buryo bw’ “ibigaragara”, ahubwo mu buryo bw’umwuka muri Kristo.

B. Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi risohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero 2 Sam 7:1-17 harimo “Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi” aho Imana yasezeranye ko izahagurutsa uwo

mu rubyaro rwa Dawidi inyuma ye kandi “izakomeza intebe y’ubwami bwe iteka ryose” (2 Sam 7:12-13, 16;

reba na none Zab 89:29, 36-37). Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi ryaje rinoza Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe

Aburahamu, rivuga mu magambo atomoye, mu gice kimwe, uburyo Imana izasohoza amasezerano yahaye

Aburahamu. Bityo, ayo masezerano makuru ahurizwa hamwe. Ibi byavuzweho muri Yer 33:23-26, hahuza

isohozwa ry’isezerano rya Aburahamu n’irya Dawidi. Na none, isengesho rya Mariya (Luka 1:46-55)

n’ubuhanuzi bwa Zakariya (Luka 1:67-79) “bigarurira hamwe isezerano rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu

n’iryahawe Dawidi mu isezerano rikuru rimwe. . . . Mu byagiye bivumburwa muri rya sengesho, abasomyi

bafata icy’uko isezerano rya Gaburiyeli ku bijyanye na Yesu uzicara ku ntebe ya Dawidi ryubatse mu isezerano

Imana yahaye Aburahamu” (Brawley 1995: 20). “Ibintu bibiri byasohoye, hejuru y’ibindi, bibonwa

nk’umuteguro w’ukuza kwa Yesu. Ibi na byo, n’amasezerano akubiye mu Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe

Aburahamu, Isaka na Yakobo, n’ingoma ya Dawidi. Abantu batatu, Aburahamu, Dawidi na Yesu, bafatanyiriza

hamwe intego n’ibikorwa byo gukiza by’Imana mu gikorwa kimwe kinini cyo gukiza. Amateka yose ya Isirayeli

ashyirwa mu uburyo Imana ihishura igikorwa cyayo cyo gucungura, icyo Imana ihishura mu buryo

bw’ugucungurwa, kikarangirira muri Yesu Kristo.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 56)

Iri huriro riguma rizunguruka hagati ya Aburahamu, Dawidi, na Yesu ribonwa mu buryo bwinshi.

Ibisekuruza bya Yesu nk’uko byavuzwe na Matayo “bivuga mu nshamake uburyo byubatse: bituvana kuri

Aburahamu bikatugeza kuri Dawidi, bikadukura kuri Dawidi bikatugeza ku gihe cy’ubunyage, bikadukura ku

gihe cyo kuva mu ubunyage bikatugeza kuri Kristo (Mat 1:17). . . . Igihe tugeze ku kibwirizwa cya mbere cya

Petero, dusanga yuko yibanda cyane-cyane ku bisekuruza uhereye kuri Dawidi ukageza kuri Kristo [Ibyak 2:

22-36]. Ikibwirizwa cya Paulo i Antiyokiya gikomoza ubwa mbere kuri Aburahamu, kikaja ku mateka y’agakiza

kugeza kuri Dawidi, nyuma kigasimbuka kuva kuri Dawidi ukageza kuri Kristo (Ibyak 13:17-23). . . .

Inshamake ya Paulo mu Abaroma 1:1-4 ishimangira ubu buryo bwo gusobanukirwa. Muri ibi bice dukuramo

umurongo ngenderwaho mu bijyanye no kwamamaza ubutumwa bwiza. Aburahamu ni we utangira,

hagakurikiraho amateka y’urubyaro rwe, bikarangirira kuri Dawidi. Nyuma tukajya ku rubyaro rwa Dawidi uwo


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byose biza bikarangiriza ku ndunduro ari yo sohozwa y’inkuru kuri Yesu w’i Nazareti. . . . Impamvu Matayo na

Paulo bashobora gusimbuka bakava kuri Dawidi bakajya kuri Yesu n’uko igiteranyo cya byose cy’ibyo

ubuhanuzi bwari bwiteze wari umuzo w’ingoma y’icyubahiro ibonerwa mu gicucu cy’ingoma ya Dawidi.

Isohozwa rya byose, n’uko hari kuza umwami ufite inkomoko yo mu buryo bw’umubiri yo mu rubyaro rwa

Dawidi, uyu na we akaba azanywe no gukiza iyo ngoma no kwicara ku ntebe yayo y’ubwami.” (Goldsworthy

2000: 89, 108)

1. Ibisekuruza bya Yesu n’ukuvuka kwe bivuga yuko yasohoje Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawid.

a. Ubutumwa bwatangajwe n’Umumalayika Gaburiyeli. N’imbere yuko Yesu avuka,

umumarayika Gaburiyeli yakomoje ku byanditswe muri 2 Sam 7:12-13 na Yes 9:6-7, igihe

yavugaga yuko Yesu yasohoje Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi igihe yabwiraga Mariya yuko

Yesu “azaba mukuru, azitwa Umwana w’Isumbabyose; kandi Umwami Imana izamuha intebe

y’ubwami ya sekuruza Dawidi, azima mu nzu ya Yakobo iteka ryose, ubwami bwe ntibuzashira”

(Luka 1:31-33). Bityo Matayo atangiza ubu butumwa asobanura ibya Yesu “nk’umwana wa

Dawidi, umwana wa Aburahamu” (Mat 1:1).27

Ijambo “Mwana wa Dawidi” n’ijambo

ryerekeye kuri Mesiya (reba Mat 22:42; Mariko 12:35). Abandi bemeye ubushobozi bwa Yesu

n’uburyo ari uw’umwihariko bakoresheje ijambo “Mwana wa Dawidi” bamuvugaho (Mat

9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9; Mariko 10:47-48; Luka 18:38-39). Na Yesu na we ayo

magambo ni yo yakoresheje yivugaho (Mariko 12:35-37). “Igihe yahumuraga impumyi i

Yeriko yamuhamagaye mu izina rya Mwana wa Dawidi, Yesu yemeye ku mugaragaro ko ari

We koko” (Goppelt 1982: 87).

b. Isezerano ryo kwitana “se-umwana” riri mu Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi. Iryo

sezerano rivuga ngo “Nzamubera se na we azambera umwana” (2 Sam 7:14) rikoreshwa kuri

Yesu mu Abaheb 1:5. Hisunzwe 2 Sam 7:14, “Umwana w’Imana” n’amagambo yerekeye kuri

Mesiya kandi avuga ku umwami Dawidi wari watanzweho isezerano. Bityo, kuvuga isohozwa

ry’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi, Yesu yakunze kwitwa “Umwana w’Imana” (Mat 4:3, 6;

8:29; 26:63; 27:40, 54; Mariko 1:1; 3:11; 15:39; Luka 1:35; 3:38; 4:3, 9, 41; Yoh 1:34, 49;

11:27; 20:31; Ibyak 8:37; 9:20; Abarom 1:4; 2 Abakor 1:19; Abagal 2:20; Abef 4:13; Abaheb 4:14; 6:6; 7:3; 10:29; 1 Yoh 3:8; 4:15; 5:5, 10, 12, 13, 20). Yesu na We yakoresheje

amagambo “Umwana w’Imana” igihe yabaga arimo yivugaho (Mat 26:63-64; 27:43; Mariko

14:61-62; Luka 22:70; Yoh 3:18; 5:25; 10:36; 11:4; 19:7; Ibyah 2:18).

c. Ubuhanuzi bwa Mika. Mika yahanuye avuga yuko Mesiya yari kuvukira i Betelehemu (Mika

5:2). Mu buryo bwo gusohoza ubuhanuzi bwa Mika, Yesu yavukiye i Betelehemu (Mat 2:1-6;

Yoh 7:42), umudugudu Dawidi na we yakomokagamo (Rusi 4:11, 22; 1 Sam 16:1-13). Luka

yandikana ubushishozi avuga yuko Yosefu (Umurezi ariko uzwi nka se wa Yesu) yari “uwo mu

nzu ya Dawidi no mu muryango we” kandi yuko Betelehemu, aho Yesu yavukiye, hari

“umudugudu wa Dawidi” (Luka 2:4).

2. IR ritanga ishusho y’ubuzima bwa Yesu isa n’iy’ubuzima bwa Dawidi, umwami wari waratanzweho

isezerano. Muri Yes 11:1-10 umuhanuzi yavuze yuko “Mu gitsina cya Yesayi hazakomoka agashami,

mu mizi ye hazumbura ishami ryere imbuto. Umwuka w’Uwiteka azaba kuri we.” 28 Yer 23:5 havuga

yuko “ishami rikiranuka”, iryo Uwiteka “azahagurukiriza Dawidi’ azima abe umwami” (reba na none

Yer 30:9). Abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya bashimangira icy’uko Yesu yari “uwo mu rubyaro rwa

Dawidi” (Yoh 7:42; Ibyak 13:22-23; Abar 1:3; 2 Tim 2:8). Yesu na We ubwe ashimangira ibijyanye

n’uko akomoka kuri Dawidi kandi yuko afite ubutware nk’ubwe (Ibyah 3:7; 5:5; 22:16). Mu Abar

15:12, Paulo akoresha amagambo yo muri Yes 11:10 avuga kuri Yesu Kristo no ku uburyo

Abanyamahanga bazahurira mu itorero. Umwanya Yesu ahagazemo nk’umwami Dawidi wa Isirayeli

wari warahanuwe, avugwa muri buri cyiciro cy’ubuzima bwe bwo ku isi; nyuma akavugwaho ibijyanye

n’icyubahiro cyo kuzuka kwe.

27

“Benshi bavuze yuko uburyo Matayo yashyize ibisekuruza bya Yesu mu byiciro bitatu, buri cyiciro kikaba kigizwe

n’ibisekuruza cumi na bine (1:17) byashobora kuba birimo ikintu kijyanye n’imiterere ya Dawidi mu Giheburayo (indome

d, w, na d) ni 14 (d = 4, w = 6)” (Holwerda 1995: 33n.10). 28

“Urugero ruruta izindi rwo gusobanura amagambo yo mu Isezerano rya Kera yifashishijwe mu ugusobanura igishya ni

Matayo 2:23: ‘aragenda, atura mu mu gisagara cyitwa Nazareti. Bityo, ibyari byaravuzwe n’abahanuzi biba birasohoye;

ngo: “Azitwa Umunazareti.”’ Bigaragara yuko, Matayo, igihe yifashishaga ibyanditswe muri Yesaya 11;1, aho ‘igitsi’

cy’ijambo ryakoreshejwe ari nezer. Kubera yuko ayo magambo yumvikana kimwe, nezer ryahindutse ‘Nazareti.’ Matayo

abwirizwa kuba yarirengagije ikintu kimwe igihe yakuragamo ako gatosi, ikintu abahanuzi bakunze kwifashisha.” (Kaiser

1995: 35)


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a. Ubuzima bw’ibanze bwa Yesu. Kubera gusoma Isezerano rya Kera, abanyabwenge bamenye

yuko Yesu yavutse, baza baturutse i Burasirazuba baje kumureba (reba Mat 2:1-6). Babajije

ikibazo bati, “Umwami w’Abayuda wavutse ari hehe? Ko twabonye inyenyeri ye turi i

Burasirazuba, none tukaba tuje kumuramya” (Mat 2:2).

b. Kubatizwa kwa Yesu no kurabagirana kwe. Mat 3:16 na Yoh 1:32 bombi bakoresheje

ibyanditswe muri Yes 11:2 kuri Yesu igihe yabatizwaga, Yohana Umubatiza abona “Umwuka

w’Imana amanuka, asa n’inuma, amujyaho.” Igihe cyo kubatizwa no guhindurwa kwa Yesu,

Data yavuze ngo “Nguyu umwana wanjye nkunda nkamwishimira” (Mat 3:17; Mariko 1:11;

Luka 3:22) rihuye na Zab 2:7. Zaburi 2 ni Zaburi ya Mesiya, kandi imirongo ibanziriza iyi

Zaburi yavuze ku nsanganyamatsiko y’ingoma ya Dawidi i Yerusalemu” (Walker 1996: 2). Mu

Ibyak 13:32-33, Paulo akoresha Zab 2:7 kuri Yesu asobanura iby’ukuzuka kwe. Nk’uko

Dawidi yasizwe amavuta na Samweli mbere y’uko yemerwa nk’umwami nyakuri wa Isirayeli,

ni na ko “umubatizo wa Yesu wabaye ikimenyetso cyo kumwimika nk’umwami nyakuri i

Yerusalemu mu cyimbo cya Dawidi. . . . Igihe Mariko yarimo avuga inkuru ivuga ku ukuza kwa

Yesu i Yerusalemu, izi nsanganyamatsiko zigenda zigaruka—yuko Yesu ari ‘Umwami’ nyakuri

mu cyimbo cya Dawidi (10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35) kandi ko ari ‘Umwami Imana’ (11:3).” (Ibid.)

Kwa kurabagirana kwa Yesu kwongeye kugaruka, Eliya [Eliya w’ukuri atari Yohana

Umubatiza], na ya magambo Data wo mu ijuru yavugaga igihe cyo kubatizwa kwa Yesu,

“Nguyu Umwana wanjye nkunda, nkamwishimira” yongeye kugaruka kandi igihe Yesu

yarabagiranaga (Mat 17:1-13; Mariko 9:1-13; Luka 9:28-36).

c. Yesu atangira umurimo we. Igihe Natanayeli yahuraga na Yesu ubwa mbere, yavuze ati,

“Mwigisha, uri Umwana w’Imana; uri Umwami wa Isirayeli” (Yoh 1:49).

d. Umurimo wa Yesu i Galilaya. Igihe Yesu yatangizaga umurimo we i Galilaya, Mat 4:14-16

hemeza yuko ibi ari isohozwa ry’ibyahanuwe igihe yavugaga amagambo ari muri Yes 9:1-2

(“Igihugu cy’i Zebuluni n’igihugu cy’i Nafutali . . . babonye umucyo mwinshi”). “Matayo

atangaza impande ebyiri z’ihuriro hagati y’ubu buhanuzi na Yesu. Icya mbere, ubuhanuzi

butanga isezerano ry’umucyo n’agakiza ku bantu batuye i Galilaya. Icya kabiri, ibyo Yesaya

akoreraho muri 9:1 (no gukomeza) bitanga isezerano yuko ako gakiza kazazanwa n’Umwana

wa Dawidi watanzweho isezerano, uzashyiraho ubwami bw’iteka ryose [Yes 9:7]. Bityo, kuba

Yesu yakoreye i Galilaya ntibyavuzwe kubera ibijyanye n’akarere yakoreyemo byonyine,

ahubwo byabaye mu urwego rw’ihishurirwa ryavugaga yuko umwete wa Yehova urimo

urakorera mu mateka ushinga intwaro y’ukuri n’ugukiranuka kw’ubwami bwa Dawidi

bwatanzwe nk’isezerano (Yesaya 9:6 no gukomeza).” (Holwerda 1995: 49)

e. Yesu agera i Yerusalemu ubwa nyuma. Zef 3:8-20 n’ijambo rivuga ku urubanza n’agakiza.

Kirangira kivuga ku bantu bashya (“abasigaye ba Isirayeli” —Zef 3:12-13) na “Umwami wa

Isirayeli, Uwiteka, ari muri wowe imbere” (Zef 3:14-17). Azategekera mu munezero

n’amahoro “ku musozi wanjye wera” (Zef 3:11, 18-20). Zak 9:8-17 atanga ijambo rihwanye

n’iryo ku gakiza ka Isirayeli. Umwami avugwaho nk’ “aje aho uri . . . yicishije bugufi,

agendera ku ndogobe, ndetse no ku cyana cyayo” (Zak 9:9). Igihe Yesu yinjiraga i Yerusalemu

ubwa nyuma, ubutumwa bwiza bwose bune bubisobanura nk’ukuza kw’umwami ukomoka kuri

Dawidi (Mat 21:1-11; Mariko 11:1-11; Luka 19:28-40; Yoh 12:12-16). Mariko 11:10

havuga mu magambo atomoye ngo, “Hahirwe n’ubwami buje, ni bwo bwami bwa sogokuruza

Dawidi.” Matayo na Yohana bahurira ku ikoreshwa ry’amagambo yo muri Yes 62:11; Zef 3:16

na Zak 9:9 kugira ngo bashimangire yuko Yesu yasohoje ubuhanuzi bw’Umwami wa Isirayeli

winjiye i Yerusalemu (Mat 21:1-5; Yoh 12:12-16).

f. Urubanza rwa Yesu n’urupfu rwe. Yesu ubwe yashimangiye yuko ari “Umwami w’Abayuda”

(Mat 27:11; Mariko 15:2; Luka 23:3). Muri Yoh 18:33-37, na none, igihe yongera kuvuga

yuko ari umwami koko, Yesu yavuze yuko ubwami bwe budahwanye n’ubw’isi cyangwa se

n’ubwami bwo mu buryo bugaragara nk’uko benshi bari babyiteze cyangwa se babyibwiraga.

Igihe yari ku musaraba, ikimenyetso cyashyizwe hejuru ye cyavugaga yuko yari “Umwami

w’Abayuda” (Mat 27:37; Mariko 15:26; Luka 23:38; Yoh 19:19-20; reba na none Mat

27:42; Mariko 15:32; Luka 23:37; Yoh 19:21-22).

g. Ukuzuka kwa Yesu. Mu Ibyak 2:29-36, Petero yasubiyemo Isezerano Rikuru rya Dawidi

yuko “Imana yamurahiye indahiro yuko izamuha umwe mu buzukuruza be ngo abe ari we

usubira ku ngoma ye” (Ibyak 2:30; reba Zab 132:11) kandi yongera asubiramo Zab 16:10

avuga yuko Imana “Kandi utazakundira umukunzi wawe kubora” (Ibyak 2:27, 31). Yongeyeho


44

yuko ubwo buhanuzi butarimo buvuga kuri Dawidi “yuko yapfuye agahambwa, ndetse n’igituro

cye kiracyari iwacu n’ubu” (Ibyak 2:29). Ahubwo, ubwo buhanuzi bwasobanuraga “yavugaga

ibyo kuzuka kwa Kristo, abibonye bitaraba” (Ibyak 2:31). Hejuru y’ibyo, ayo masezerano yose

yo mu buryo bw’iteka, iyo migisha, izo mbabazi, byeretswe Dawidi byavuzwe mu magambo

make Yesaya yavuze ati, “imbabazi zidahwema Dawidi yasezeranyijwe” (Yes 55:3). Isezerano

n’umugisha byahawe Dawidi “Inzu yawe n’ubwami bwawe bizahoraho bidakuka iminsi yose;

kandi intebe y’ubwami bwawe izakomera iteka ryose.” (2 Sam 7:16). Mu Ibyak 13:34, Paulo

yavuze LXX [bisobanura, uburyo Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo yasobanuwe mu Kigiriki; izwi nka

Septuagint] ya Yes 55:3 kandi havuga yuko isezerano y’ “imigisha yera kandi ihamye ya

Dawidi” yasohoreye mu ukuzuka kwa Yesu. Bityo, ukuzuka kwa Yesu ava mu bapfuye ni kwo

kwabaye inzira Imana yanyuzemo kugira ngo isohoze isezerano ryayo ry’uko ingoma ya

Dawidi izahoraho iteka ryose.

3. Inshuro zirenze imwe, Yesu yivuzeho nk’umwuzukuru wa Dawidi.

a. Igihe abigishwa ba Yesu baciye intete z’ingano ku isabato (Mat 12:1-8; Mariko 2:23-28;

Luka 6:1-5). Igihe Abafarisayo baregaga abigishwa ba Yesu kubera ko bishe Isabato baca

imitwe y’impeke igihe barimo banyura mu murima, Yesu yasubiyemo amagambo ari muri 1

Sam 21:1-6, aho Dawidi n’abantu be bariye ku byateguriwe umurimo w’Imana mu Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro. Yesu yasobanuye uburyo ibyo Dawidi yakoze byari binyuranyije n’amategeko

(“amategeko ntiyemera ko abandi babirya keretse abatambyi bonyine”). Icyo Yesu ashaka

kwumvisha s’uko ibyo Dawidi n’abantu be bakoze byashyigikiraga iby’abigishwa be bakoze

(“ntibisobanura yuko buri Mwisirayeli wese ushonje yakurikiza urugero rwa Dawidi agahita

afata imitsima iri ku meza y’ihongerero akayirya, cyangwa se ngo agende avune amahundo

y’ingano ku Isabato”) [Beare 1960: 134]). Na none ntarimo ashimangira yuko iby’umubiri

ukeneye byaza imbere y’amategeko (muri ibi, nta na hamwe bivuga yuko abigishwa bari

bashonje cyane cyangwa bari mu bukene byatumye bakora biriya). Na none ntarimo avuga yuko

Ibyanditswe byemera yuko habaho imbabazi zirenze hejuru y’amategeko biruta uko

Abafarisayo babikora. Ahubwo, Yesu arimo atanga icyifuzo gishingiye ku murimo wa Mesiya:

“Ubundi buryo bwo kubibona bwiza kuruta ubwa mbere bushobora kugerwaho igihe

igishingiweho mu gisomwa cyashyizwe ahagaragara: 1. Izo nkuru zose eshatu zitanga

ibisobanuro byo mu buryo bukomeye, n’ibitekerezo byinshi, imibanire yari hagati ya Dawidi

n’abantu be; 2. Izo nkuru zose zanzura zivuga ububasha bwa Kristo hejuru y’Isabato; 3. Nyuma

y’ibyanditswe muri 1 Samweli 21, Matayo yongeraho ahamagarira abantu mu buryo

bw’ikimenyetso kwifashisha Isezerano rya Kera [urugero, Mat 12:5-6]. Ibyo byose hamwe

bishaka kuvuga yuko ikigamijwe kwari ukwerekana isano riri hagati ya Dawidi na Yesu: Nimba

Dawidi, hamwe n’abantu be, yari afite uburenganzira bwo kurenga amategeko, bisobanura

yuko ‘umwuzukuruza’ wa Dawidi we n’abigishwa be bo bafite ububasha burenze ubw’abo.”

(Moo 1984: 8; reba na none Beare 1960: 134)

b. Amaze kwinjira i Yerusalemu mu cyubahiro cye Yesu atangira kujya impaka n’Abafarisayo

(Mat 22:41-46; Mariko 12:35-37; Luka 20:41-44). Yesu yabajije Abafarisayo icyo batekereza

kuri Kristo: “N’umwana wa nde?” Basubije bati, n’ “Umwana wa Dawidi.” Nyuma

abasubiriramo Zab 110:1 “Uwiteka abwira Umwami wanjye.” Nyuma arababaza ati, Nimba

Dawidi [wanditse iyi Zaburi] amwita ‘Umwami’ ashobora ate kuba umwana we?” Yesu yarimo

yerekeza ikiganiro kuri We ubwe nka We Mesiya, “umwuzukuru” wa Dawidi, kandi yuko afite

inkomōko ku Mana (reba Goppelt 1982: 83 [“Ijambo ‘Mwami’ (kurios) rimugira ureshya

n’Imana”]). Abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya basobanukiwe icyo Yesu yarimo avuga. Zab 110:1

yahindutse icyanditswe ngenderwaho mu IR (hariho ibyanditswe 21 aho abanditsi bakomoza

kuri iki cyanditswe mu byanditswe byo mu IR). Icy’ingenzi ku banditsi b’Abakristu b’Itorero

rya Mbere, na cyane-cyane ushingiye ku cy’uko bari bafite idini rimwe gusa rya Kiyuda, n’uko

ibi byari bifite ibisobanuro bihambaye. “[Zab 110:1] yashobora gusomerwa abantu kugira ngo

bavuge gusa yuko Mesiya ahabwa umwanya w’icyubahiro nk’umuntu wicara i ruhande

rw’intebe y’Imana, aho aguma yicaye ategereje gusa umunsi azimikirwamo kugira ngo atangire

umurimo we wo gutwara isi. Uku ni ko nyuma bamwe mu Bigisha bagiye bayisoma.

Birumvikana rero yuko Abakristu bo mu Itorero rya Mbere babisoma mu buryo butandukanye:

Bagashyira Yesu ku ntebe y’Imana mu ijuru, agakora umurimo wo mu urwego rw’Imana wo

gutegeka ibintu byose.” (Bauckham 1998: 29)

4. Ukuzuka kwa Yesu kwerekana yuko ari We sohozwa ry’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi. Ijambo


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rikuru Paulo yavuze mu Ibyak 13:16-41 rivuga uburyo Kristo ari we Mucunguzi wari waratanzweho

isezerano, wo mu muryango wa Dawidi (Ibyak 13:22-23). Icy’ingenzi n’uko Imana yujuje isezerano

yakoranye na Dawidi na Isirayeli igihe yazuraga Yesu imukura mu bapfuye (Ibyak 13:30-37). Mu

ijambo rye, amagambo ya Paulo asa n’amagambo ari mu isezerano ryahawe Dawidi muri 2 Samweli 7,

na cyane-cyane nk’uko yakoreshejwe mu nsobanuro ya Bibiliya ishyirwa mu Kigiriki [Septuagint] (reba

Goldsmith 1968: 321-22). Mu Ibyak 13:34, Paulo avuga yuko Kristo yazuwe akurwa mu bapfuye

“ubutazasubira mu iborero.” Kubera ibyo, Paulo akoresha amagambo yo muri Yes 55: 3, “Na njye

nzasezerana nawe isezerano rihororaho, ni zo mbabazi zidahwema Dawidi yasezeraniwe,” iri na ryo

rihura na rimwe mu masezerano akubiye mu isezerano rikuru Imana yahaye Dawidi” kandi rifitanye

isano na “umukunzi wawe-uwera” yo muri Zab 16:10 [15:10, LXX] (Ibid.: 323-24). Mu yandi

magambo, Yes 55:3 asubirwamo mu ukwerekana uburyo Imana yasohojwe amasezerano ari muri II

Samweli 7. . . . II Sam 7:15a na 16a yasohoreye mu uburyo Yesu atongeye kubora ukundi. . . .

Amagambo atandukanye yo mu Isezerano rya Kera (IK) yakoreshejwe mu Ibyak 13:33-37

ntiyatoranyijwe mu buryo butarangwagamo ubushishozi, ahubwo umuhanga yifashishije ubuhanga bwe

mu bijyanye n’amategeko agenga imyandikire n’imenyekanishamana mu ukugaragariza Abayuda

uburyo Imana yasohoje isezerano yahaye Dawidi muri II Samweli 7—cyane-cyane iryo kuzura Yesu

imukura mu bapfuye.” (Ibid.:324)

5. Ubu na ho Yesu yarazamutse, yicaye kandi arimo ategekera ku “ntebe ya Dawidi.” Mbere yuko

avuka, umumarayika Gaburiyeli yemereye Mariya yuko Uwiteka Imana azaha Yesu “intebe y’ubwami

ya sekuruza Dawidi; azima mu nzu ya Yakobo iteka ryose, ubwami bwe ntibuzashira” (Luka 1:32-33).

Nyuma y’ukuzuka kwe, Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be yuko “Nahawe ubutware bwose mu ijuru no mu

isi” (Mat 28:18). Ku izamuka rye mu ijuru, ni ho igice cya nyuma ku bijyanye n’Isezerano Rikuru

ryahawe Dawidi cyasohorera—“urubyaro” nyakuri rwa Dawidi, umwana w’Imana yicaye hasi ku

“ntebe ya Dawidi”, aho arimo ategekera mu bushobozi bwe bwose (reba Mariko 16:19; Luka 22:69;

Abef 1:20-23; Abakol 3:1; Abaheb 1:3; 1 Pet 3:21-22; Ibyah 1:5; 3:21). Ku munsi wa Pentekote,

Petero asobanura neza uburyo Yesu yasohoje Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi binyuze mu kuzuka no

kuzamuka mu ijuru kwe (Ibyak 2:22-36). Mu buryo bwo gusomera mu ruhame no kugereranya, Petero

ahuza 2 Samweli 7 na Zaburi 16:8-11, 110:1, na 132:11 n’icy’uko “kwicara ku ntebe ya Dawidi

bigereranywa n’ukwicara i buryo bw’Imana.” Mu yandi magambo, Petero ashyira imbere iby’ukuzuka

kwa Yesu no kuzamuka mu ijuru kwe akicara i buryo bw’Imana nk’isohozwa ry’Isezerano Imana

yahaye Dawidi” (Bock 1992: 49, icyashingiweho mu icyanditswe cy’umwimerere).

6. Paulo yifashishije 2 Sam 7:14 igihe akoresha 2 Abakor 6:18, Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi na

ryo arihuza n’itorero. Mu buryo busobanutse, Paulo ahindura amagambo akoreshwa ku isezerano Imana

yashyizeho ku muhungu wa Dawidi Salomo (“Nzamubera se na we azambera umwana”) ayasimbuza

amagambo yandi ati, “nzababera So, namwe muzambere abahungu n’abakobwa.” Ibi byerekana yuko

Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Dawidi ryakomeje, rikarengana Dawidi na Salomo, rikajya gusohorera kuri

Kristo n’itorero.

C. Isezerano Rishya risohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero Yer 31:31-34 havuga isezerano rikubiye mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya Imana yakoranye “n’Inzu ya

Isirayeli n’Inzu ya Yuda.” Isezerano Rikuru Rishya rizaba isezerano rikuru ry’iteka ryose aho Imana izandika

amategeko yayo mu mitima y’abantu bayo, abantu bayo bazamenya neza Uwiteka, kandi azabababarira ibyaha

byabo kandi ntazongera kubyibuka ukundi (reba na none Yer 32:38-40; 50:4-5; Ezek 11:14-20; 36:24-32;

37:15-28).29

1. Igihe bahurira ku Igaburo ryera rya nyuma, Yesu yavuze mu magambo arambuye yuko yarimo

afungura ku mugaragaro Isezerano Rikuru Rishya mu maraso ye (Luka 22:20; reba 1 Abakor 11:25).

“Kwerekeza igitekerezo ku ukubabarira ibyaha byavuzwe na Yeremiya mbere yuko bishyirwa mu

bikorwa (Mat 26:28; Yer 31:34) no ku maraso nk’uko byahwanyijwe n’isohozwa ry’Isezerano Rikuru

rya Mose ryo mu buryo bw’umwimerere (Luka 22:20; Kuva 24:7) bishimangira yuko Yesu

yasobanukiwe yuko urupfu rwe ruhwanye n’ugukingura ku mugaragaro isezerano rikuru rishya”

(Williamson 2007: 184). “Mu mirongo myinshi ye [umwanditsi w’Abaheburayo] ahuza

29

Ezek 11:14-20 havuga ku ukugaruka kwa Isirayeli bava mu bunyage ariko hagakoresha imvugo y’Isezerano Rikuru

Rishya (“Nanjye nzabaha umutima uhuye, kandi mbashyiremo umwuka mushya; umutima w’ibuye nzawukura mu mubiri

wabo, mbahe umutima woroshye, kugira ngo bagendere mu mategeko yanjye, bakomeze amateka yanjye, kandi

bayasohoze: na bo bazaba ubwoko bwanjye, na njye nzaba Imana yabo.”). Bityo, kuva mu bunyage bataha mu gihugu

cyabo, na byo n’ “ikigereranyo” cy’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya.


46

ibiyanditswemo n’isezerano rikuru “rishya” cyangwa se “ryiza kuruta” irya mbere. Ibi na byo n’amaraso

ya Yesu yarimo avugaho (10:29, 12:24, 13:20). Yasobanuye amagambo ya Yeremiya akoresheje

imvugo y’ubutambyi n’iy’ibitambo kuko yabonaga Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera mu ndorerwamo y’ayo

magambo nyene. Abona kandi igikorwa cya Kristo nk’ukuri imigenzo n’ubuhanuzi byerekezagaho.”

(Peterson 1979: 77) Iryo Sezerano Rikuru ryarashimangiwe kandi ribonerezwa ku musaraba (Abaheb

9:12-17). Ryashyizweho igikumwe igihe Yesu yazutse ava mu bapfuye, azamuka mu ijuru, yicarana na

Data wa twese ku ntebe y’ubwami (Abaheb 10:11-18). Nuko rero, “s’umuhuza w’Isezerano Rikuru

Rishya ry’Imana byonyine, ahubwo ni na We buturo bwaryo” (Goppelt 1982: 116).

2. N’ubwo bimeze bityo mu ishusho yaryo nk’uko ryahawe Yeremiya, Isezerano Rikuru Rishya Imana

yakoranye “n’Inzu ya Isirayeli n’Inzu ya Yuda,” nk’uko biri n’iryo yakoranye n’Aburahamu na Dawidi,

IR ryemeza yuko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya risohorezwa muri Kristo n’itorero, aho gusohorera mu

bihugu bya Isirayeli na Yuda byo mu buryo bufatika.

a. Igihe Yesu yakinguraga ku mugaragaro Isezerano Rikuru Rishya igihe cy’Igaburo ryera rya

Nyuma, ryari rijyanye n’ijambo “I”sezerano Rikuru Rishya ryasezeranijwe muri Yeremiya

kubera yuko Yer 31:31 ni cyo gice cyonyine aho ijambo “Isezerano Rikuru Rishya” ryavuzwe

mu Byanditswe mbere yuko Yesu arikoresha igihe cy’Igaburo ryera rya Nyuma. Nuko rero,

Isezerano Rikuru ryerekeye bariya bose bizeye Kristo (urugero, itorero), yaba Umuyuda

cyangwa se Umunyamahanga (nk’uko Paulo abisobanura neza igihe asubiramo amagambo ya

Yesu arimo avugaga ku itorero ry’Abanyamahanga i Korinto muri 1 Abakor 11:25).30

b. Abaheb 8-10 hakoresha mu buryo bwihariye Isezerano Rikuru Rishya kuri Kristo n’itorero.

Abaheb 8:8-12, amagambo yo mu IK maremare kuruta andi yose asubirwamo mu IR,

asubiramo Isezerano Rikuru Rishya nk’uko rivugwa muri Yer 31:31-34 mu buryo bwuzuye

(harimo n’ibivuga ku “inzu ya Isirayeli n’Inzu ya Yuda”). Ibindi bice by’Abaheburayo 8-10

byerekeza Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ku itorero. Ayo magambo arongera agasubirwamo mu

Abaheb 10:16-17. Abaheb 10:15-18 yerekeza Isezerano Rikuru Rishya kuri “twe” [Abakristu,

Itorero]. Abaheb 8:6, 9:15, na 12:24, yose avuga yuko Kristo ari umuhuza w’Isezerano Rikuru

Rishya. Icy’uko “ari” (igihe cy’ubu) umuhuza yerekana yuko mu bihe bya none iryo Sezerano

Rikuru Rishya ririmo rikora. Abaheb 9:12-17 havuga yuko amaraso ya Kristo yaje

ashimangira kandi asōza Isezerano Rikuru Rishya. Abaheb 8:13 herekana yuko Isezerano

Rikuru Rishya ryatumye isezerano rya mbere (i urugero, Irya Kera, cyangwa se Isezerano rya

Mose [reba Abaheb 8:9]) rikurwa ku ruhando.31 Abaheb 10:9 na ho havuga hati, “Akuriraho

30

Tubivuze uko bikwiye, umuntu yashobora kuvuga yuko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ryatashywe ku mugaragaro kuri

Isirayeli na Yuda kubera yuko abigishwa bose bari bahari igihe cy’Ameza ya Nyuma bari Abisirayeli. N’ubwo bimeze

bityo, Isezerano Rishya rirabisobanura neza cyane yuko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ryerekeye Abakristo bose (urugero,

itorero), hadashingiwe yuko ari Abayuda cyangwa se Abanyamahanga. Mu gihe Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ari ryo ryazanye

ukubabarira ibyaha (urugero, binyuze muri Kristo), bityo riguma ari yo nzira imwe yonyine Abisirayeli bashobora

gukirizwamo (reba Abar 11:26-27). 31

Abaheb 8:8-12 hasubiramo mu buryo bwuzuye ibyanditswe bivuga ku Isezerano Rikuru Rishya biri muri Yer 31:31-34.

Abaheb 8:13 hakomeza gusobanura hati, “igihe akoresha amagambo ‘Isezerano Rikuru Rishya,’ n’uko aba yambuye

agaciro irya mbere, ririmo risaza kandi ryenda gushira.” Uburyo Yeremiya akoresha ijambo isezerano rikuru “rishya”

byerekana yuko “hagati mu ishusho y’ubuhanuzi bwerekeye ku masezerano meza kuruta aya mbere ari mu isezerano

rikuru rishya (umurongo wa 6), irya kera rigaragara neza ritakijyanye n’ibihe kandi yuko rigenewe gukurwa ku ruhando.

Igicucu cy’uko ririmo rikurwaho cyamaze gutangira kurigaragaraho.” (Hughes 1977: 302) N’ubwo bimeze bityo, hariho

n’ibindi byaba byavuzweho ku murongo wa nyuma ari wo 8:13. “Aya magambo avuga yuko isezerano rikuru rya kera

ririmo rishira, kandi ashobora kuba asobanura yuko, igihe umwanditsi yandikaga iri jambo, hari hakiriho ibijyanye

n’imihango ishingiye ku madini byaba bitarashira mu mitima y’abantu. Intumbero ye igaragaza yuko iyo mihango

itagihuye n’ibihe, nta gaciro igifite kandi ko yenda gushira. Nimba uwo mwanditsi yanditse ibi mu ntango ya za 60,

ashobora kuba yarimo atekereza ku buhanuzi bwa Yesu ku ugusenywa kwa Yerusalemu (Mariko 13:2). Ibi byose

byanditswe nyuma yuko Yerusalemu n’urusengero byasenywaga muri 70 NKY kandi nta kuntu yari gushobora kunyura ku

ruhande ibijyanye n’isohozwa ryanditswe mu mateka y’ibyari mu gitekerezo cye gishingiye ku imenyekanishamana.”

(Hagner 1990: 124) Igitekerezo cya Hagner kirashimangirwa n’uko, n’ubwo igihe urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo

rwandikwaga kitazwi neza, hari ibihamya bivuga yuko hari mbere ya 70 NKY (O’Brien 2010: 15-20). Ikindi, amagambo ya

nyuma ari mu 8:13 (“cyenda gushira”) mu Kigiriki ni eggus aphanismou. “N’ubwo ijambo aphanismos rigaragara aha

honyine mu Isezerano Rishya, rirakoreshwa kenshi muri LXX (56x) mu gusobanura ibijyanye n’ugusenywa kwa Isirayeli

kwo mu buryo bugaragara (Yer. 12:11; Ezk. 6:14; Mika 7:13; Yoweli 2:13), ukwa Yerusalemu (Jer. 19:8)

n’ukw’Urusengero (Guteg 9:26; Jdt. 4:12). Nta ho byigeze bikoreshwa mu gusobanura ugushira kwagiye gukorwa buhoro-

buhoro nk’uko abenshi mu basobanuzi b’Abaheburayo 8:13 (urugero ‘ryiteguye kuzimangana – cyenda gushira’ New

American Standard Bible – NASB = Ubusobanuro bwa Bibiliya mu Cyongereza cy’Abanyamerika Gishya) babivuga.


47

ibya mbere gukomeza ibya kabiri.” “Ibi bishyigikirwa n’icy’uko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya

ryitwa Isezerano ryo mu buryo buhoraho [Yes 55:3; 61:8; Yer 32:40; 50:5; Ezek 16:60;

37:26] mu gihe ijambo ‘rihoraho’ ritigera rikoreshwa ku isezerano rikuru [rya Mose] ryo kuri

Sinayi” (Gentry 2010: 38; reba na none ibid.: 43n.33, “Nta na hamwe isezerano rikuru ryo kuri

Sinayi ryigeze ryitwa isezerano ryo mu buryo buhoraho’”). Ibigirwaho impaka mu

Abaheburayo 8-10 n’uko Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Mose, urusengero, umurimo

w’ubutambyi, amategeko n’uburyo Isirayeli yose yatambaga ibitambo, byari “ibimenyetso”

(Abaheb 9:9), cyangwa se ngo ryitwe “ibishushanyo” (Abaheb 9:23-24), cyangwa se “igicucu”

(Abaheb 10:1; reba na none Abakol 2:16-17) cy’ “isezerano riruta iry’abo” kuko ryakomejwe

n’ “amasezerano aruta ayabo” (Abaheb 8:6): urugero, Ibi na byo n’ibiriho by’ukuri kandi byo

mu buryo buhoraho biri muri Kristo no mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya.

c. Paulo akoresha Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ku itorero. Muri 2 Abakor 3:5-6 (byandikiwe

cyane-cyane itorero ry’Abanyamahanga ry’i Korinto) Paulo avuga yuko “Imana . . .

yatubashishije . . . kuba ababwiriza b’isezerano rikuru rishya.” Ibitekerezo bikubiye mu 2

Abakorinto 3 bihanganisha Isezerano ryahawe Mose n’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya: (1)

Itandukaniro hagati y’urwandiko n’Umwuka (2 Abakor 3:3, 6, 17-18). (2) Icya mbere

n’igikorwa cy’ugupfa no gucirwaho iteka; icya kabiri n’ubugingo, ibyiringiro, umudendezo

n’Umwuka (2 Abakor 3:6-9, 12, 17). (3) N’itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyanditswe ku bisate

by’amabuye n’ibyanditswe ku mutima w’umuntu (2 Abakor 3:2-3, 7). (4) Buri cyose muri ibi

gifite icyubahiro cyacyo, ariko icya kabiri gifite icyubahiro cyo mu urwego rwo hejuru cyane

kuruta icya mbere (2 Abakor 37-11, 18). (5) Icya mbere kigera aho kivaho, mu gihe icya kabiri

cyo gikomeza iteka ryose. (6) Icya mbere gitwikiriye mu umwenda mu gihe ku cya kabiri ho,

uwo mwenda utwikira ukurwaho (2 Abakor 3:13-16, 18). Nuko rero, Isezerano Rikuru Rishya

riduha ubushizi bw’amanga kandi rikaduhindura tukagira ishusho nk’iya Kristo (2 Abakor 3:2-

3, 12, 18). Muri 2 Abakor 4:3-6 “avuga yuko ‘Isezerano Rikuru Rishya’ ari ubutumwa bwa

Yesu Kristo (2 Abakor 4:3-6), abakristu na bo bakaba bariya imigisha y’isezerano rikuru rishya

yasohoroyemo (2 Abakor. 3:3; reba Yer. 31:32-33; Ezek. 11:19; 36:26-27). . . . Mu buryo

bugaragara, iyi mirongo ya Bibiliya ishyira ahagaragara umurimo w’Umwuka utanga ubugingo,

utanga umudendezo kandi ufite icyubahiro (2 Abakor 3:8) igahuzwa kandi n’ ‘imirimo

y’isezerano rikuru rishya’ (2 Abakor. 3:6).” (Williamson 2007: 192, 192n.33) Mu Abagal 4:21-

31 “Abagore ba Aburahamu ari bo Hagari na Sara, bavugwaho yuko baserukira amasezerano

abiri atandukanye. Irya mbere muri aya (riserukiwe na Hagari) rivugwaho nk’Isezerano Rikuru

rya Mose (‘ryo ku Musozi Sinayi . . . muri Arabiya’ Abagal. 4:24-25 ESV). Isezerano rya kabiri

(riserukiwe na Sara), igihe ryo ata cyo rivugwaho, bigaragara yuko rihuzwa n’umusozi Siyoni

n’amasezerano akubiye mu isezerano rishya rikuru (Abagal. 4:26-27; reba Yes. 54:1). Bityo,

Hagari aserukira isezerano ry’ububata (munsi y’amategeko), bihuye na Yerusalemu ya none’

(Abagal. 4:25 ESV), mu gihe Sara we aserukira isezerano ry’umudendezo ari ryo rihwanye na

Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru’ (Abagal. 4:26 ESV).” (Ibid.: 199)

d. Kubera yuko Isezerano Rishya ritanga inzira ku ukubabarirwa ibyaha, kandi ko muri Kristo

ari ho honyine ibyaha bishobora kubabaririrwa, ukubabarirwa ibyaha ni yo nsanganyamatsiko

y’ingenzi mu Butumwa Bwiza. Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ni ryo ryonyine mu masezerano yose

makuru y’Imana ritanga inzira y’ukubabarirwa ibyaha. Ibi bisohorera muri Kristo, “Nguyu

umwagazi w’intama w’Imana, ukuraho ibyaha by’abari mu isi” (Yoh 1:29; reba na none Mat

1:21; Ibyak 5:31; 1 Yoh 3:5). Nuko rero gutangaza ukubabarirwa ibyaha muri Kristo n’ibyo

byo mu mutima w’Ubutumwa Bwiza (reba Luka 24:44-49; Ibyak 2:38; 10:43; 13:38-39;

26:15-18).

3. Muri Ezek 36:25-27 Imana yatanze isezerano “nzabanyanyagizaho amazi meza, maze muzatungana,

mbakureho imyanda yanyu yose, n’ibigirwamana byanyu byose. Nzabaha n’umutima mushya;

nzabakuramo umutima ukomeye nk’ibuye, mbashyiremo umutima woroshye. Kandi “nzabashyiramo

umwuka wanjye.” Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera ntiryashobora guhindura abantu uhereye imbere mu

mutima werekeza ku bigaragarira amaso. Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera ryari rishingiye ku bintu

bigaragara, imihango abantu bategekwaga gukora. Bityo, byari ibinyantege nke cyane: Ntiryashobora

Ahubwo, byama bigaragaza urupfu rw’abantu cyangwa se gusenywa kw’ibintu hakoreshejwe imbaraga zo mu buryo

bwihuta kubera gucirwaho iteka n’Imana. Icy’umwanditsi ashingiyeho n’icy’uko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya riri hejuru y’andi

yose kuko rizashyirwaho igikumwe igihe Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera rizaba risenywe burundu, n’abatambyi baryo, hamwe

n’ibitambo n’Urusengero.” (Gleason 2002: 108-09)


48

guhindura abantu uhereye imbere mu mutima ujya hanze; ntibyashoboraga guhindura imitima yabo.

Abaheb 9:9-10 havuga yuko munsi y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera “batura amaturo, bagatamba

ibitambo, bitakibasha gutunganya rwose umutima w’ubitura, kuko ibyo hamwe n’ibwirizwa iby’ibyo

kurya no kunywa no kwiyibiza no kujabika by’uburyo bwinshi, ari amategeko yo mu buryo bw’abantu

gusa, yategetswe kugeza ku gihe cyo gutunganywa.” Abaheb 7:19, 25; 10:1 havuga neza yuko, mu

ugutunganywa kw’umuntu, urugero nk’uramya Imana habamo n’uguhabwa inzira itugeza ku Mana mu

buryo buhoraho. Abahoze bifuza kwegera Imana binyuze mu byatangwaga mu gihe cy’Isezerano

Rikuru rya Kera ntibashoboraga gutunganywa kuko ibyari bihari bitashobora guhangana n’ikibazo

kijyanye n’umutima wicira urubanza (9:9) cyangwa se ‘umutimanama w’icyaha’ [10:2].” (Peterson

1979: 76) Mu gihe cy’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, abantu bari bafite imitima y’ibuye (Zak 7:12).

Nyuma, Mose arimo asenga yavuze ati, “Icyampa ab’ubwoko bw’Uwiteka bose bakaba abahanuzi,

Uwiteka akabashyiraho umwuka we!” (Kub 11:29). Na none, mu Isezerano rya Kera, Umwuka

w’Imana yajyaga aza ku mubare muto w’abantu, abenshi muri bo bakaba baba bari mu myanya yo

hejuru mu urwego rw’idini cyangwa se rwa politilke, kugira ngo bakore imirimo runaka (reba Kuva

31:3; Kub 11:16-29; Abac 3:10; 6:34; 14: 6, 19; 1 Sam 10:1-11; 16:13-14; 19:20-24).

Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ni ryo rishobora guhindura abantu uhereye mu mutima imbere

ukagera ku bigaragara. Kubera yuko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya rishingiye ku cyo Kristo yadukoreye, aho

gushingira ku cyo dutegekwa gukora, ridukorera icyo tudashobora kwikorera. Mu gihe munsi

y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera twari dufite imitima ihumanye, na ho mu gihe cy’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya

“amaraso ya Kristo . . . ahumanura imitima yanyu, akayezaho imirimo ipfuye, kugira ngo mubone uko

mukorera Imana ihoraho” (Heb 9:14) kandi “abezwa yabatunganishije rwose igitambo kimwe kugeza

iteka ryose” (Abaheb 10:14). “Muri ukwo kweza umutimanama, Kristo ategurira Imana abantu be mu

buryo bw’imibanire ishingiye ku umutima - ukwubaha nk’uko Yeremiya (9:4, 10:10, 22) yabihanuye.

Mu buryo bwo kurwana n’icyaha mu buryo buhoraho, Kristo yafunguriye inzira abo bose

bahamagariwe kwakira umugabane w’iteka ryose (9:15).” (Peterson 1979: 81) Ubu dufite uburenganzira

buhoraho bwo kugera aho Imana iri, kandi dushobora kuyegera twifitiye icyizere (Abaheb 4:16) kuko

Kristo “anyura mu ihema rirusha rya rindi gukomera no gutungana rwose” (Abaheb 9:11), ubu akaba

ari imbere y’Imana ubwayo (Abaheb 9:24; 10:12), kandi aberaho iteka ku[du]sengera” (Abaheb

7:25). Mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, Imana idukuramo imitima y’amabuye ikadushyiramo imitima

y’inyama. Abaheb 10:22 hifashisha Ezek 36:25 igihe avuga ati, “imitima yacu imijiriweho gukurwamo

kwimenyaho ibibi, n’imibiri yacu yuhagiwe amazi meza.”

2 Abakor 3:3 na ho hifashisha Ezek 36:26 igihe Paulo avuga ati, “muri urwandiko rwa Kristo

rwanditswe natwe; rutandikishijwe wino, ahubwo rwandikishijwe Umwuka w’Imana ihoraho;

rutanditswe ku bisate by’amabuye, ahubwo rwanditswe ku by’inyama, ni byo mitima yanyu.” Yesu

yasezeranye kwohereza Umwuka Wera “azabana namwe iteka ryose” kandi “akazaba muri mwe”

(Yoh 14:16-17). Uhereye ku munsi wa Pentekote, yarabisohoje. Ubu Umwuka Wera n’impano ze

ntibikigarukira ku mubare w’abantu muto gusa, ahubwo mu gihe cy’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, Imana

yasutse Umwuka wayo ku bantu bayo bose, ititaye ku myaka, igitsina cyangwa se ubwoko (Ibyak 2:14-

18; reba na none Abar 8:9; 1 Abakor 3:16; 6:19). Ubu none, “abo bose bayobowe n’Umwuka

w’Imana, abo ni bo bana b’Imana” (Abar 8:14). Umwuka ashyira ikidōdo ku bantu be, bitandukanye

n’uko byari bimeze igihe cy’Isezerano rya Kera (Abef 1:13-14). Paulo akomeza avuga yuko Umwuka

ashoboza abantu b’Imana gukora n’ibyo amategeko atari bwigere ageraho: ‘kugira ngo gukiranuka

kw’amategeko gusohorezwe muri twe’ (Abar 8:4)”. (Burke 2006: 133-34). Nuko rero, “Isezerano

Rikuru rya Kera ryatashywe ku mugaragaro ku musozi Sinayi ryatsimbuwe n’irishya ryari ryaravuzwe

kera n’abahanuzi Yeremiya na Ezekiyeli. . . . Iki gitekerezo cyo mu urwego rusange (gusimbuza

isezerano rikuru rya kera irishya) nk’uko twabibonye, bisobanurwa mu Bagalatiya n’Abaroma mu

magambo ngo ibihe byashaje by’Amatageko (Abagal. 3/Abar. 7) n’ibihe bishya by’Umwuka (Abagal. 4/

Abar.8). Ihinduranywa ry’amasezerano makuru ryari rikenewe kuko nta muntu wari gushobora

kwubahiriza amagambo yose yari mu masezerano makuru ya kera, ikintu Isirayeli yerekanye kenshi ku

urwego rw’igihugu no ku urwego rw’umuntu ku giti cye.” (Ibid.: 132). Bityo, hari impinduka nini

hagati y’icyo Isezerano Rikuru Rishya muri Kristo ririmo rikora uyu munsi ubigereranyije n’Isezerano

Rikuru rya Kera, iryo umwanditsi wa 2 Abakor 5:17 yanzuraga avuga ati, “Umuntu wese iyo ari muri

Kristo, aba ari icyaremwe gishya: Ibya kera biba bishize, dore byose biba bihindutse bishya.”

III. Yesu ni We Isirayeli Nshya, Nyakuri kandi yo Kwizerwa “Nimba Yesu ari We isezerano ryahawe [Aburahamu] ririmo risohoreramo, ashobora kuvuga yuko ari


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We muntu nyakuri wo mu rubyaro rwa Aburahamu, uwo ni we wujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo yitwe umwuzukuru

w’Aburahamu. Nuko rero, Yesu, ni We Isirayeli nyakuri, We ukora icyo ari cyo cyose Isirayeli isabwa gukora

kandi akaba ari We buri cyose Isirayeli isabwa kuba.” (Holwerda 1995: 33) Yesu ashobora ibyananiye Adamu

na Isirayeli. Bityo, ni We wenyine ushoboye guhindura abantu bose akabagira bashya. Ibi bibonekera mu nzira

nyinshi.

A. Yesu asubira mu mateka ya Isirayeli 1. Yesu no Kuva. Mat 2:15 hasubiramo ibyanditswe muri Hos 11:1, “Hanyuma mpamagara umwana

ngo ave muri Egiputa,” akabyerekeza kuri Yesu. Ubwa mbere Imana yari yahamagaye Isirayeli

“umwana wayo” mu gihe cyo kuva (Kuva 4:22—“Ubwoko bwanjye bwa Isirayeli n’umwana wanjye

w’imfura”). Matayo arimo yerekana uburyo amateka ya Isirayeli yo mu Isezerano rya Kera arimo

asubizwamo ubuzima na Yesu. Yesu asubizaho kuva muri Egiputa muri Mat 2:19-21. “Mu uburyo

bw’ukwemera yuko amagambo ya Hoseya ‘yasohoreye’ mu ukuva muri Egiputa kw’umwana Yesu

n’ababyeyi be, Matayo ntarimo avuga yuko amagambo ya Hoseya ahwanye na Yesu mu mwanya wa

Isirayeli ahubwo yuko ayo magambo ahwanye na Yesu kubera yuko muri We ari mo Isirayeli

yasohoreyemo” (Johnson 2007: 208). Hos 11:1-11 arimo asubiramo inkuru yo Kuva kwo gusohoka

bava muri Egiputa kwa Isirayeli, nyuma akomoza ku Kuva kwo mu buryo bwa kabiri kubera yuko

ukutumvira kwa Isirayeli nyuma yo Kuva kwa mbere byahagaritse igitekerezo cy’Imana cyo kwubaka

ubwoko bwera. N’ubwo ubwoko bwo mu buryo bugaragara bwasubiye mu gihugu cyabo nyuma yo

gutaha bava mu bunyage i Babuloni, bwagumye buri munsi y’ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, bityo, mu

by’ukuri, ubwoko bwera ntibwigeze bubaho. Habayeho gukoresha Hos 11:1 kuri Yesu, “Matayo, hejuru

yo kuvuga yuko Yesu ari We Isirayeli, Umwana w’Imana ukundwa, anongeraho yuko Kuva [kwa

kabiri] kwari gutegerejwe uhereye kera kose kwaratangiye” (Holwerda 1995: 40). Kuba Yesu yarimo

ahuza inkuru y’Ugusohoka kwa Isirayeli n’ubuzima bwe bwite bigera aho bisobanura amagambo

yavugiye ku Musozi yahinduriweho aho avuga ku “ugusohoka” kwe [ijambo ry’Ikigiriki iri jambo

rikomokamo risobanura “ukugenda”] (Luka 9:30-31), n’urupfu rwe bwite rwasohoye kuri Pasika

byibutsa uburyo Abisisrayeli basohotse bava muri Egiputa.

2. Yesu abatizwa. “Igihe Yesu asanze Yohana ngo amubatize, muri ibyo bintu, Yohana yahise abona

yuko hariho ibitajyanye (Matayo 3:13-15). Umubatizo wa Yohana wasobanuraga ukwozwaho icyaha,

kandi wahabwa bariya bemeye ibyaha byabo (3:6). Yesu ntiyigeze akora icyaha, bityo ntakeneye uwo

mubatizo. Ugereranyije uburyo ata cyaha Yesu abarwaho, na Yohana ubwe ahita aboneka

nk’umunyabyaha kimwe n’abandi bose, kandi akeneye kubatizwa (3:14). Ariko Yesu arimo yumvisha

Yohana uburyo ari ngombwa ko icyo kintu kidakwiriye gikorwa: ‘Emera ubikore! Kuko ari byo

bidukwiriye ngo dusohoze gukiranuka kwose.’ Ijambo ‘dusohoze’ ryongeye kugaruka. Yesu, utigeze

akora icyaha, arimo yifatanya n’umwanya w’uko Abisirayeli ari abanyabyaha mu kwemera kubatizwa

kimwe na bo. Kuba yifatanya na bo aha ngaha bihanura uburyo yifatanya n’abanyabyaha bose igihe

yikorera ibyaha byabo ku musaraba.” (Poythress 1991: 253) Umubatizo wa Yesu na none n’ukwibutsa

ibijyanye n’ukwambuka Inyanja Itukura n’Uruzi Yorodani (urwo yabatirijwemo), no kwinjira mu

gihugu cy’isezerano (Kuva 14:13-22; Yos 3:14-17; reba Mat 3:13-17; Mariko 1:9-11; Luka 3:21-22;

Yoh 1:31-34).

3. Yesu mu butayu. Iminsi mirongo ine Yesu yamaze mu butayu (Mat 4:1-2) ni uburyo bugufi bwo

gusobanura imyaka mirongo ine Isirayeli yamaze mu butayu. Nk’uko Imana yayoboye Isirayeli mu

butayu (Kuva 13:17-18, 21), Mwuka Wera yayoboye Yesu mu butayu (Luke 4:1). Ibigeragezo Yesu

yahuye na byo mu butayu (Mat 4:1-11; Luka 4:1-13) bihwanye n’ibigeragezo Isirayeli yahuye na byo

mu butayu. Mu kigeragezo cya mbere n’ uburyo Yesu yacitwayemo, harimo ibintu by’ingenzi bigenda

bigaragaza ihuriro hagati y’insanganyamatsiko ihuriweho na Yesu nk’Umwana n’ishyanga rya Isirayeli

nk’umwana. Bombi ‘n’abana’ (Guteg. 8:5; reba Mat. 4:3, 6); bombi ‘barayoborwa’ (Guteg. 8:3; reba

Mat. 4:1); bombi bajyanwa mu butayu (Guteg. 8:2; reba Mat 4:1); bombi barashonje (Guteg. 8:3; reba

Mat. 4:2).” (Burke 2006: 173-74n.55). Aho Isirayeli itishimiye ibyokurya bya manu Imana iyihaye

(Kub 11:1-6), Yesu na We igihe yari ashonje yageragejwe ngo afate amabuye ayahinduremo umutsima

(Mat 4:3; Luka 4:3). Nyuma amaze kugaburira abantu ibihumbi bitanu, Yesu yigereranyije na manu

Isirayeli yigeze kurya mu butayu, igihe avuga ati, “Ni Jye mutisma wavuye mu ijuru” (Yoh 6:1-14, 41,

48-58). Aho Isirayeli yageragereje Imana i Masa n’i Meriba, bashaka igihamya cy’Ubwiza bw’Imana

n’ubushobozi bwayo (Kuva 17:1-7), Yesu na We yageragejwe na Satani amubwira ngo asimbuke ava

hejuru ku munara w’urusengero kugira ngo bibe ngombwa yuko Imana isohoza amasezerano yayo (Mat

4:5-6; Luka 4:9-11). Aho Isirayeli yavuye ku Mana ikiremera igishushanyo cy’inyana mu izahabu


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(Kuva 32:1-6), nyuma bakaramya Bayali (Hos 2:1-13), Yesu na We yahahuriye n’ikigeragezo igihe

Satani yamubwira ngo amwunamire, amuramye (Mat 4:8-9; Luka 4:5-7). Nyuma y’ibyo, Yesu yahuye

n’ibigeragezo igihe yasubiramo amagambo ya Mose ku mateka ya Isirayeli mu butayu (Guteg 8:3;

6:13, 16). “Kuba Yesu yahisemo ibi bice bitatu by’ibyanditswe biri mu gice kigufi cy’Isezerano rya

Kera byerekana yuko Yesu yabonye ihuriro ryo mu buryo bw’imenyakanishama ryari hagati y’amateka

ya Isirayeli n’aye bwite. Isirayeli yarahanywe (yashyizwe ku murongo) nk’uko umubyeyi ahana

umwana we (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 8:5), ariko ntiyigeze ifata amasomo uko bikwiye. Ubu none Yesu,

utangajwe nk’ ‘Umwana w’Imana’ ku ruzi Yorodani, abonye anyura mu bigeragezo bisa n’iby’abo

kugira ngo agere aho yitwa umwana. Ariko aho Isirayeli yananirirwe, Yesu yagaragaje ko ari Umwana

w’Imana nyakuri. Muri We, ni mo Isezerano ryahawe Isirayeli risohorera.” (France 1975: 67)

4. Matayo asubiramo Yer 31:15 (“Ijwi ryumvikana i Rama . . . Rasheli aririra abana be”) nyuma

abikoresha kuri Yesu (Mat 2:17-18). Rama ni ho abajyanyweho inyagano bakoranyirijwe ku mishumi

mbere yo kwoherezwa mu bunyage i Babuloni (reba Yer 40:1). Insobanuro y’uburyo Matayo

yakoresheje amagambo “Rasheli aririra” iri mu buryo bukurikira: “Rasheli, inkundwakazi ya Isirayeli,

hari hashize ibinjana apfuye kandi yari yahambwe ku nzira iva Beteli igana Betelehemu-Efurata, aho na

ho ntihari kure y’i Rama. Igihe Isirayeli yari mu rugendo mu butayu, umuhanuzi ‘yumva’ Rasheli arira

kubera abuze abana be. Ariko Uwiteka abwira Rasheli ngo ahagarike kurira ‘kuko hari ibyiringiro

by’ejo hawe hazaza’ kandi abana be bazagaruka (31:16-17). Isirayeli yaragarutse iva mu bunyage, ariko

ugutotezwa n’abanzi babo kwo ntikwigeze guhagarara. Bityo, rero, Matayo, kimwe na Yeremiya,

yumva Rasheli akomeza kurira kubera yuko yabuze abana be: Igihe Herode yica abana, ugutotezwa no

kurimbuka kw’Abisirayeli byari bigikomeje. Ibyiringiro byari byasezeraniwe Isirayeli byari

bitarakagerwaho. Matayo asubiramo amagambo ya Yeremiya 31:15, bitari kugira ngo ashimangire

agahinda ka Isirayeli byonyine, ahubwo byari no kugira ngo avuge muri make isohozwa ry’ibyiringiro

bya Isirayeli byari mu bijyanye n’ibyo byanditswe. Mu ukurokoka ubwo bwicanyi kwa Yesu harimo

isohozwa ry’ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli. Mu gihe Yesu ari We Isirayeli, urubyaro rwa Aburahamu nyakuri,

n’Umwana w’Imana nyakuri, isezerano Imana yasezeraniye Rasheli ry’umuryango uzahembuka, ubu

riri mu rugendo rigana ku ugusohozwa kwaryo. Ibyiringiro byasezeranijwe by’ukuzabona ejo hazaza

heza birimo bisohozwa. Yesu, igihe asubiramo amateka ya Isirayeli, yarimo atuma Isirayeli ihembuka.”

(Holwerda 1995: 42)

B. IR ryerekana Yesu nka Mose mushya kandi uruta uwa mbere, ukura abantu, atari mu bucakara bwo mu

buryo bw’umubiri gusa, ahubwo no mu bucakara ku cyaha n’urupfu bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka (Yoh 1:29;

Abar 6:3-23) Hariho uburyo bwinshi Yesu na Mose bafitanye isano. Ariko, n’ubwo iryo sano rihari, Yesu

ntiyigeze ahabwa izina rya Mose mushya mu buryo burashe kuko hariho ikinyuranyo aho Yesu yerekanwa

nk’uri hejuru ya Mose mu buryo budasubirwaho. Nuko rero, urwandiko rwandikiwe Abaheburayo rusobanura

uburyo Kristo asa na Mose ariko akaba ari hejuru ya Mose (Abaheb 3:1-6): Kristo “akwiriye ishimwe rinini

kuruta iryo Mose akwiye guhabwa, nk’uko umwubatsi w’inzu afite icyubahiro kuruta inzu ubwayo” (Abaheb

3:3); kandi nk’uko “Mose yakiranukaga mu nzu y’Imana nk’umugaragu. . . . Ni na kwo Kristo yakiranutse mu

nzu yayo nk’umwana” (Abaheb 3:5-6).

1. Mose ni we wabanjirije Mesiya. Mose yari afite umwihariko we bwite agereranyijwe n’abandi

bahanuzi, haba ku mirimo ikomeye yakoze cyangwa se ku kijyanye n’uko Imana itavuganaga na we mu

iyerekwa cyangwa se inzozi ahubwo yavuganaga na we “akanwa ku kandi” n’ “amaso mu yandi”

(Kub 12:6-8; Guteg 34:10-12). Yahanuye yuko Imana izahagurutsa undi muhanuzi umeze nka we

(Guteg 18:15, 18). Yesu yasohoje ubwo buhanuzi (Yoh 1:45; 6:14; Ibyak 3:20-23; 7:37, 52). N’ubwo

bimeze bityo, Yesu yari hejuru cyane ya Mose. Yesu yakoze ibitangaza byinshi birenze ibya Mose,

harimo kirya cyo kuzuka ava mu bapfuye. Kandi Yesu ntiyajyaga avuga amagambo y’Imana rimwe na

rimwe; ahubwo, nta na kimwe yigeze akora ari we ucyitegetse, ahubwo buri kintu yakoze cyangwa se

yavuze, n’icyo yategetswe na Data (Yoh 5:19, 30; 6:38; 8:28; 12:49; 14:10). Impamvu n’uko Yesu

atavuze amagambo y’Imana byonyine ahubwo yuko na We ubwe yari Jambo w’Imana waje ku isi

nk’umuntu (Yoh 1:1, 14).

2. Hariho amahuriro menshi hagati y’uburyo Farawo na Herodi bagerageje kurimbura abana

b’Abaheburayo (Kuva 1:15-22; Mat 2:16). Farawo na Herode, bombi bari abantu batubahaga Imana.

Bari bafite ubwoba yuko ishyanga rifite imbaraga zo kubarwanya cyangwa kubatsimbura ryashobora

kuzamuka (reba Kuva 1:8-12; Mat 2:1-3).

3. Hariho ihuriro hagati y’uburyo Mose yagarutse mu Egiputa n’uburyo Yesu yahungiye muri Egiputa


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(Kuva 4:19; Mat 2:20). Mose na Yesu bahungiye mu kindi gihugu (Kuva 2:15; (Kuva 2:15; Mat

2:13-15). Muri ibyo bihe byombi, babwiwe mu buryo bw’igitangaza yuko bakwiriye gusubira i wabo

nyuma yuko bariya bashakaga kubica bazaba bamaze gupfa (Kuva 4:19-20; Mat 2:19-21).

4. Mose yayoboye ubwoko bwe abukura mu bubata muri Egiputa abuganisha ku buzima busha

bw’umudendezo. Yesu yayoboye ubwoko bwe abukura mu bubata bukabije cyane kurushiriza; ari bwo

bw’icyaha, urupfu, ububata munsi y’amategeko, kugira ngo “Ni muguma mu ijambo ryanjye, muri

abigishwa banjye nyakuri; kandi nimwamenya ukuri, ukuri kuzababatura” (Yoh 8:31-32).

5. Mu butayu, Mose yakubise urutare kugira ngo ahe abantu amazi yo kunywa (Kuva 17:6; Kub 20:11;

Zab 78:15). Mu 1 Abakor 10:4, Paulo yerekana yuko Isirayeli “banywaga ku gitare cy’umwuka . . .

kandi icyo gitare cyari Kristo.” Igihe bari mu butayu amazi yavuye mu rutare Mose yakubise yatanze

ubuzima ku bantu, Yesu we agatanga “amazi y’ubugingo” ari bwo bugingo buhoraho (Yoh 4:10-14;

7:36-39). Iki kigereranyo ntikirangirira aha ngaha. Mose ntiyari yemerewe kuyobora ubwoko bwe mu

gihugu cy’isezerano kubera yuko yakubise urutare inshuro ya kabiri kugira ngo abone amazi mu

umwanya wo kubwira urutare rugatanga amazi nk’uko Imana yari yabimutegetse (Kub 20: 8-12).

Hejuru y’uko uku kutubaha byari bikorewe Imana, kwari uguhagararira Ubutumwa mu buryo

budakwiriye. Impamvu n’uko, kimwe n’uko byari byabaye kuri urwo rutare, Kristo “yakubiswe” inkoni

y’urubanza rw’Imana rimwe gusa, atari kabiri: “yatangiye ibyaha igitambo kimwe cy’iteka” (Abaheb

10:12; reba an none Abaheb 10:10, 14).

6. Yesu agereranywa na manu Uwiteka yatanze igihe Mose yayoboraga Isirayeli mu butayu (Kuva

16:1-21). Mu kwigereranya na manu Abisirayeli baririye mu butayu, Yesu yavuze ati, “N’ukuri

n’ukuri, ndababwira yuko Mose atari we wabahaye umutisma w’ukuri uvuye mu ijuru. . . . “Ni Jye

mutsima w’ubugingo.” (Yoh 6:32, 35) Manu yari iyo mu buryo bufatika kandi yari iy’akanya gato.

Umutsima Yesu atanga (Ubwe) utanga ubugingo buhoraho kuri uwo wese uwurya (Yoh 6:48-58).

7. Nk’uko Imana yahaye Mose Amategeko ku musozi (Kuva 19:20), ni ko Yesu na We yatangiye

amategeko ku musozi (Mat 5:1-2). Nuko rero, byombi biratandukanye, nk’uko intumwa Yohana

ibivuga: “Amategeko yatanzwe na Mose, ariko ubuntu n’ukuri byo byazanywe na Kristo” (Yoh 1:17).

8. Igitambo n’Incungu. N’ubwo Mose yatambye ibitambo byo gucungura abantu no kwitangira ibyaha

by’abantu be (Kuva 32: 30-32), Yesu yatanze igitambo cy’incungu kandi yitanzeho igitambo kubera

icyaha cy’abantu (Abar 3:23-25; 5:6-8; Abaheb 9:26-28; 10: 11-12; 1 Yoh 2:2).

9. Nk’uko uruhanga rwa Mose rwarabagiranye igihe yamanukaga ava ku musozi Sinayi nyuma yo

kwakira Amategeko Cumi ubugira kabiri (Kuva 34:29), ni na kwo byabaye mu maso ha Yesu no ku

myenda ye ku musozi yahinduriweho (Mat 17:2, Mariko 9:2-3; Luka 9:29). Luka avuga yuko ku

musozi Yesu yahinduriweho, Mose na Eliya barimo baganira ku “kuva” kwa Yesu ubwe [ijambo

ry’Ikigiriki bikomokamo ni Guhaguruka-Kugenda-Gutaha”] (Luka 9:30-31).

10. Nk’uko Mose yabaye umuhuza umwe hagati y’Imana na Isirayeli (Kuva 20:19; Gut 5:5; Abagal

3:19), ni na ko Yesu ari “umuhuza hagati y’Imana n’abantu” (1 Tim 2:5). Mose yabariye abantu

amagambo y’Imana, ariko Yesu We ni We Jambo w’Imana (Yoh 1:1, 14; Ibyah 19:13).

11. Mu gihe cy’igaburo rya Pasika rya Nyuma, Yesu yavuze ati, “Aya n’amaraso yanjye y’isezerano”

(Mat 26:28; Mariko 14:24). Ibi bisa n’amagambo ya Mose ari mu Kuva 24:8. Isezerano rya Mose

ntiryababariraga ibyaha cyangwa se ngo ritange ubugingo buhoraho; ariko iri sezerano rishya Yesu

atashye ku mugaragaro mu maraso ye ribabarira ibyaha kandi rigatanga ubugingo buhoraho.

12. Yesu agereranya urupfu rwe na Mose. “Nk’uko Mose yamanitse inzoka ku giti mu butayu, ni na kwo

umwana w’umuntu akwiriye kumanikwa” (Yoh 3:14; reba Kub 21:9). Guhanga amaso ku nzoka ikozwe

mu muringa mu butayu byatuma umuntu akira urupfu rwo mu buryo bw’umubiri; guhanga amaso kuri

Yesu biha ubikora ubugingo buhoraho, bikarinda umuntu urupfu rwa kabiri.

13. Imibiri ipfuye ya Mose na Yesu bombi nta na hamwe wayibona. Guteg 34:6 havuga yuko Mose

yahambwe mu gihugu cy’i Mowabu, “ariko kugeza uyu munsi, nta n’umwe uzi aho Mose yahambwe.”

Yesu na we yarabambwe, umubiri na we ntushobora kuboneka kuko yazutse! Nk’uko Umumarayika

yabariye Mariya Magadalena ati, “Ntawuri ngaha kuko yazutse, nk’uko yari yarabivuze. Ni muze

murebe aho yari aryamye” (Mat 28:26).

C. IR rikoresha kuri Yesu amagambo n’imyanya y’ibyubahiro nk’uko yakoreshwaga kuri Isirayeli yo mu IK 1. Yesu ni We Mwana w’Imana nyakuri. Nk’uko Kuva 4:22 na Hos 11:1 yise Isirayeli “umwana

wanjye,” Data na We ashimangiye yuko Yesu ari we Mwana nyakuri w’Imana igihe yabatizwaga

(n’igihe ishusho ye yarabagiranaga), aho yitaga Yesu “umwana wanjye nkunda” (ukubatizwa—Mat

3:17; Mariko 1:11; Luka 3:22; kurabagirana—Mat 17:5; Mariko 9:7; Luka 9:35; reba na none Mat


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4:3; 14:33; Mariko 3:11; Luka 1:35; Yoh 1:34, 49; Ibyak 9:20; Abagal 2:22, ibijyanye na Yesu nk’

“Umwana w’Imana”). Igihe Yesu yabatizwaga, ijwi ryaturutse mu ijuru riti (“ng’uyu Umwana nkunda

akanshimisha,” Mat 3:17; Mariko 1:11; Luka 3:22), “icya mbere, rivuga ukuntu Imana yemeye uwo

mubatizo mu buryo bwihariye. N’ikimenyetso cy’uko ‘ugukiranuka kwose’ gusohoye. Icya kabiri, iryo

jwi rihuriza hamwe imvugo yo muri Zaburi 2:7; Yesaya 42:1; kumbure na Itangiriro 22:2. Byerekana

yuko Amategeko (Itangirro 22:2), Abahanuzi (Yesaya 42:1), n’Inzandiko (Zaburi 2:7) bihurira mu

mwanya umwe muri Yesu. Imvugo ya Yesu nk’Umwana w’Imana yibutsa amagambo yavuzwe muri

Hoseya 11:1, aho Isirayeli ari umwana. Kuba Isirayeli ari Umwana na Isaka akaba umwana bisohorejwe

mu ukuza kw’Umwana w’ukuri kandi wa nyuma, Umwana mu nsobanuro nyayo y’iryo jambo.”

(Poythress 1991: 254)

2. Yesu yiyise “umuzabibu w’ukuri” (Yoh 15:1). “Mu Isezerano rya Kera umuzabibu n’ikimenyetso

kimenyerewe ku Bisirayeli bose, ubwoko bw’Imana mu buryo bw’isezerano (Zab. 80:9-16; Yes. 5:1-7;

27:2 no gukomeza; Yer. 2:21; 12:10 no gukomeza; Ezek. 15:1-8; 17:1-21; 19:10-14; Hos. 10:1-2).

Hejuru y’ibindi byose n’uko, igihe cyose Isirayeli ivuzweho muri iki kimenyetso, hashyirwa imbaraga

ku uburyo umuzabibu wananiwe kwama imbuto nziza n’urubanza rw’Uwiteka ku gihugu kubera ibi.

Bitandukanye n’uku kunanirwa kw’Abisirayeli Yesu avuga ati, ni Jye muzabibu ‘w’ukuri’, urugero,

uwo Isirayeli yari yerekejeho amaso, umwe wama imbuto nziza. . . . Umuzabibu . . . w’ukuri, bityo

s’abantu b’abanyabinyoma, ahubwo ni Yesu ubwe, na bariya bose bamwinjiyemo. Insanganyamatsiko

ishobora kuba irimo isobanurira Abayuda batatanye iti: Nimba bashaka kuba muri ibyo byiza byo

kwemerwa mu muzabibu Imana yatoranyije, basabwa kwihuza na Yesu mu buryo bw’ukuri.” (Carson

1991: 513-14)

3. Imyanya y’ibyubahiro by’abantu bari mu ubuyobozi muri Isirayeli—Umwami, Umugaragu w’Imana,

Umwana w’Imana—yakoreshejwe kuri Yesu. “Yesu yarezwe kuba yiyise ‘umwami w’Abayuda’

(Mariko. 15:2, 26, 32, etc.) Icyo kirego nta na hamwe cyanditswe ho kubihamya, ahubwo Yesu

yakoresheje imvugo ‘ya politike’ yo mu buryo busobanutse, igihe yakunze gukoresha ibyanditswe muri

Zakariya 9:9 (‘dore umwami wawe aje ah’uri’). Igihe yari arimo agendera ku ndogobe i Yerusalemu,

Luka atubwira yuko rubanda bari aho ngaho, na bo babifashe muri uwo murongo (Luka 19:38). Ariko

yakoresheje mu buryo butomoye abandi bantu babiri bo mu Isezerano rya Kera ari bo, Umugaragu wa

Yehova muri Yesaya [reba Yes 42:1-6; 49:3-6] n’Umwana w’Umuntu muri Daniyeli 7 [Yesu yiswe

‘Umwana w’Umuntu inshuro 80 mu bitabo bine bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza; ni na kwo yiyita kenshi],

byombi, kimwe n’ijambo ‘umwami’ mu mitekerereze yo mu gihe cy’Isezerano rya Kera, bihuriza

hamwe bigaragaza ishusho yo ku giti cy’umuntu n’iyo mu buryo bwo guserukira abandi. Nk’uko

umwami byasobanuraga Isirayeli ni na kwo Umugaragu avugwaho nka ‘Isirayeli’ mu gihe Umwana

w’Umuntu We avugwaho nk’ ‘ubwoko bw’abera b’Isumbabyose’ [Dan 7:18, 22, 25, 27]. Kuba Yesu

yakunze gukomoza kuri ibi bimenyetso bibiri bisobanura yuko yabibonye nka misiyo ye yo guserukira

Isirayeli, nka We ibyiza bya Isirayeli byose byakoranyirijwemo.” (France 1975: 66-67)

4. Yesu akoresha za Zaburi zavugaga ku mibabaro n’intsinzi bya Isirayeli ku bimwerekeye. “Muri za

zaburi zose itomoye kuruta izindi ni Zaburi 118, yakoreshejwe na Yesu muri Mariko 12:10-11 na

Matayo 23:39. Ibuye ryanzwe nyuma rigahabwa icyubahiro muri Zaburi 118:22 rishobora kuba

ryakoreshejwe kugira ngo ryibutse intsinzi Abisirayeli bagiye bagira ku banzi babo babatunguraga.

Zaburi 22, 41 na 42-43 (zakoreshejwe mu buryo butomoye cyangwa se bwihishe muri Mariko 15:34;

14:18; 14:34) zakoreshejwe mu magambo avuga ku muntu ku giti cye. Yesu ashobora kuba yagiye

azikoresha nk’ishusho y’insanganyamatsiko ivuga ku ukubabazwa kw’umukiranutsi, ariko na none

abantu bemera yuko na zaburi zimwe-zimwe, imwe-imwe ukwayo, zagiye zikoreshwa ku bijyanye

n’inkuru y’igihugu.” (France 1975: 68)

D. Muri Yesu, amasezerano yo mu IK yo guhembuka kwa Isirayeli yarasohoye Abahanuzi (urugero, Yesaya 60-62; Yeremiya 30-33; Ezekiyeli 34-37) bari barahanuye uguhembuka

kwa Isirayeli igihe izaba iyoborwa n’umwami wasizwe amavuta n’Imana, uzategeka uhereye i Yerusalemu,

cyangwa se ku Musozi Siyoni. N’ubwo Abisirayeli baza baratashye bava mu bunyage bw’i Babuloni imyaka

500 mbere y’uko Yesu aza ku isi, “mu bihe bya Yesu, Abayuda hafi bose bagumye babona yuko ubunyage

bukomeza kubaho. Mu buryo bw’ibigaragara, abantu bari baratashye, ariko ubuhanuzi bukomeye bwavugaga ku

uguhembuka ntibwari bwasohore.” (Wright 1996: 126) Bityo, mu gihe cya Yesu, abantu bari bagifite ibyiringiro

by’uguhembuka (Luka 2:25, 38; 19:11; 24:21; Ibyak 1:6). Ubwo buhanuzi bwavugaga ku uguhembuka

bwasohoreye muri Yesu (Luka 1:68) ariko mu buryo butunguranye: Nta huriro hagati ya Siyoni nshya, Isirayeli

yahembutse n’ahantu cyangwa se igihugu runaka ahubwo iryo huriro riri mu umuntu wa Kristo n’abanatu be.


53

1. Umurimo wa Yesu wari ufite ihuriro ryihariye n’uguhembuka cyangwa se ugucungurwa kwa

Isirayeli. Igihe Yesu yazanwaga mu Rusengero ngo akebwe, Umwuka Wera aza ku mugabo witwaga

Simiyoni wari utegereje “ihumure ry’Abisirayeli” (Luka 2:25). Uwo munsi nyene, umuhanuzikazi Ana

yatangiye “kumuvugaho [urugero, Yesu] abwira bose bari bategereje ugucungurwa kw’i Yerusalemu”

(Luka 2:38). Abahanuzi babonye ubunyage bwa Isirayeli nk’ingaruka z’ibyaha byabo, cyangwa se

igihano kubera byo (reba, urugero, Yer 2:1-25:11; Ezek 3:1-24:27). Ibi byanditswe bibiri biri mu

mirongo igenda irebana. “Uburyo Simiyoni na Ana bakiriye Yesu bivugwa mu buryo bukurikirana,

ariko ubuhamya bwabo bushyizwe hamwe burakenewe cyane kugira ngo inkuru ya Luka ibe iyuzuye.

Simiyoni na Ana baserukiye igitsina gabo n’igitsina gore byombi bikeneye gucungurirwa muri Kristo,

bose bakira neza ibyiringiro bya Mesiya (vv. 25, 38), kandi ibyo ubu buhamya bwombi bwarimo

buvuga birakenewe kugira ngo habeho igihamya cyo mu buryo buhamye buhwanye n’Amategeko

(Torah) (Guteg 19:15).” (Edwards 2015:83) Simiyoni na Ana barimo bavuga ibyiringiro byabo by’uko

Isirayeli izabohorwa na Mesiya wari waratanzweho isezerano. “Ihumure rya Isirayeli . . . ryari

urufunguzo ku byanyuma mu buryo butandukanye, hashingiwe ku byiringiro byo gucungurwa

kw’ishyanga (Yes. 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; 2 Bar. 44.7). Nyuma y’aho, abigisha b’amatageko

bagiye gufata Mesiya nka Menahem (umuhoza) kuko bamubonye nka We wari kuzana iryo humure. . . .

Amagambo [‘gucungurwa kwa Yerusalemu’] yerekeza ku ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli, kubera yuko

umurwa mukuru uba uhagarariye igihugu cyose. Bihwanye n’amagambo y’ihumure rya Isirayeli

(2:25), aya magambo afitanye isano n’IK bishingiye ku cyemezo Imana yafashe cyo gukiza ubwoko

bwayo (Yes. 40:9; 52:9; 63:4).” (Bock 1994: 238, 253)

Simiyoni na Ana, bombi bari bakoresheje amagambo avuga uburyo Mesiya azacungura

Isirayeli mu urwego rwa politike, ariko bamaze kubona Yesu, bahise berekeza amaso yabo kuri We.

Bityo, icyo Simiyoni avuga gishyira imbaraga ku uwo Yesu ari n’icyo azakora (Luka 2:30-34). Ana na

we “yakomeje kumuvugaho” (Luka 2:38). Ibi byose bivuga yuko, na mbere y’uko Yesu atangira

umurimo we ku mugaragaro, Umwuka Wera yakomeje ahishura yuko umugambi w’Imana ku bijyanye

n’iryo humure n’ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli nta ho wari uhuriye na politike cyangwa se n’ibijyanye

n’igihugu. Ahubwo, umurimo nyakuri wa Mesiya wari utandukanye cyane kandi wari mugari cyane

kuruta uko Abayuda babitekerezaga kuko wo washyiragamo “amoko yose” harimo n’Abanyamahanga

(Luka 2:31-32). Wari wateguriwe kuzana kubabarirwa ibyaha no gushyiraho Ubwami bw’Imana

nyakuri. N’ubwo wari umugambi mugari kandi ufite uburebure bw’amajyepfo bunini kuruta uko

Abayuda bari babyiteze, umugambi w’Imana muri Kristo wari ufite icyo asobanuye kuri Isirayeli,

nk’uko N.T. Wright abivuga: “Ushingiye ku gitekerezo cy’Umuyuda wo mu kinjana cya mbere,

‘kubabarirwa ibyaha ntibyari guhagararira ku mugisha wo ku giti cy’umuntu, n’ubwo mu by’ukuri ibyo

na byo ari ko byari bimeze. . . . Kuzamura imibirereho y’umuntu ku urwego rw’igihugu byari ishusho

y’uburyo igihugu muri rusange cyaba gihagaze; kandi igihe cyose Isirayeli izaguma munsi y’ubuyobozi

bw’abapagani, igihe cyose Torah (Amategeko) azaba atubahirijwe uko bikwiye, igihe cyose Urusengero

ruzaba rutarasubizwa ishema ryarwo; kubera ibyo, Isirayeli yari inyotewe ‘ukubabarirwa ibyaha’

nk’umugisha wo mu urwego rwo hejuru, wo mu buryo budasubirwaho, bwahanuwe kandi wo mu

urwego rw’igihugu Imana yabo yabasezeraniye [reba, urugero, Yes 40:1-2; 43:25-44:3; Yer 31:31-34;

33:4-11; Amag 4:22].” (Wright 1996: 269, 271) Uhereye kuri ibyo, igihe Yohana Umubatiza, nk’uwaje

avuga ukuza kwa Yesu, abwiriza iby’ “umubatizo wo kwihana ngo bababarirwe ibyaha” (Mariko 1:4;

Luka 3:3), nyuma aza gutangaza ati, “ng’uyu umwana w’intama w’Imana ukuraho ibyaha by’abari mu

isi.” (Yoh 1:29), icyo Yohana yarimo ategurira inzira n’icyo Yesu yarimo atanga igihe ahamagarira

abantu ngo “mwihane kuko ubwami bw’ijuru buri hafi” (Mat 4:17; reba na none Mariko 1:15) n’icyo

avuga ngo, “Umwana w’Umuntu afite ubutware mu isi bwo kubabarira abantu ibyaha” (Mat 9:6;

Mariko 2:10), nta kindi byasobanuraga keretse “ugucungurwa Isirayeli yari itegereje . . . uburyo bushya

isi yayoborwamo, ‘iherezo ku maganya y’igihe kirekire Isirayeli yabayemo, ‘ukubabarirwa icyaha’

nyakwo kandi kwa nyuma, gutaha ku mugaragaro ubwami bw’Imana.” (Ibid.: 271-72).

2. Mat 4:13-17 hasobanura bushya ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yes 9: 1-2 akongera akabuhuza na Yesu.

“Matayo ahuza inyigisho za Yesu i Galilaya n’insobanuro ihwanye n’uko igihe yamaze i

‘Kaperinawumu, ku nkengera y’uruzi . . . mu gihugu cya Zebuloni na Nafutali’ gisohoza ubuhanuzi bwo

muri Yes 9:1-2: ‘Igihugu cya Zebukuni n’igihugu cya Nafutali, ariko mu gihe cya nyuma yagiteye

icyubahiro, ku nzira ikikiye inyanja hakurya ya Yorodani, Galilaya y’Abanyamahanga—abantu

bagenderaga mu mwijima babonye umucyo (Mat 4:13-16). Inkomōko y’ibi havuga ubwoko

bwamenaguwe, baneshejwe n’ingabo z’Abashuri, nyuma bajyanwa mu bunyage (2 Abami 15:29; 1

Ngoma 5:26), bahabwa isezerano ry’umwana w’umuhungu wo mu nzu ya Dawidi uzazana agakiza.


54

Matayo abona ubu buhanuzi bwuzurizwa mu murimo wa Yesu: Atanga ishusho y’ugusenywa mu buryo

bugaragara n’ikibazo gishingiye kuri politike nk’umwijima wo mu buryo bw’umwuka no mu buryo

bw’ingeso, yongera ahuza uburyo Yesu atangaza urukerera rwerekeza ku ubwami bw’Imana (Mat 4:17)

nk’isohozwa ry’ukurokoka ‘ku nzira ikikiye inyanja hakurya ya Yorodani, Galilaya y’abanyamahanga’

(Yes 9:1).” (Schnabel 2002: 43)

3. Yesu ahuza Yohana Umubatiza na Eliya, “uzaza kugarura byose no kubitunganya” (Mat 17:11-13;

reba Mal 4:5-6). Yes 40:3-11 na Mal 3:1 havuga yuko Umwami Imana azohereza intumwa ye mbere

yuko Umwami aza mu bantu be no mu rusengero rwe. Zakariya (se wa Yohana Umubatiza) arabyemeza

igihe avuga yuko Imana “yaduhagurukirije ihembe ry’agakiza mu muryango wa Dawidi umugaragu

wayo” (Luka 1:69, havuga kuri Yesu). No kuri Luka 1:76 yifashishije amagambo yo muri Mal 3:1

igihe yavugaga kuri Yohana Umubatiza (“na we mwana, uzitwa umuhanuzi w’Isumbabyose; kuko

uzabanziriza Umwami ngo utunganye inzira ze”). Yohana Umubatiza na we yifashishije amagambo ari

muri Yes 40:3-5 na Mal 3:1 mbere y’uko Yesu abatizwa (Mat 3:3; Mariko 1:2-3; Luka 3:4-6; Yoh

1:23). Yesu na we arahamye yuko Yohana Umubatiza yai “intumwa” nk’uko byavuzwe mu buhanuzi

buri muri Mal 3:1 (reba Mat 11:7-10; Luka 7:24-27).32 Bityo, Yohana Umubatiza na Yesu basohoje

ubuhanuzi buri muri Yes 40:3-11 na Mal 3:1. Iyo ntumwa izabanziriza kuza kw’Umwami ivugwa mu

magambo asobanutse muri Mal 4:5 havuga yuko Imana izohereza “Eliya umuhanuzi.” Yohana

avugwaho nk’ufite umwuka wa Eliya kugira ngo ategurire abantu ukuza kw’Umwami (Mat 11:14;

17:10-13; Mariko 9:11-13; Luka 1:13-17, 76). Icyo gikorwa Yesu yakoze cyo guhuza Yohana

Umubatiza na Eliya muri Mat 17:11-13 “cyasobanuye neza yuko umwaka wo ‘guhembuka’ wari

witezwe, kandi noneho ko uri hafi yo gusohora—ariko igitangaje n’uko bigiye kunyura mu ‘mibabaro’

y’Umwana w’Umuntu” (Walker 1996: 43).

4. Yesu yatoranyije intumwa 12 (Mat 10:1-2; Mariko 3:13-19; Luka 6:12-26), ibi na byo bikaba

bigaragaza ishusho y’imiryango 12 kandi bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli.

“Uburyo Yesu yahamagaye intumwa cumi n’ebyiri (Mariko 3:13-19; Luka 6:12-26; Mat 10:1-2) bifite

insobanuro ikomeye: Nimba Yesu ubwe yibonye nka Mesiya, za ntumwa cumi n’ebyiri zishimangira

ibyo avuga yuko umurimo we utangije ibijanye n’uguhembuka kw’imiryango cumi n’ibiri ya Isirayeli

kwo mu bihe bya nyuma” (Schnabel 2002: 45). “Insobanuro y’ikoreshwa ry’umubare cumi na kabiri,

bivuga iremwa bushya rya Isirayeli; Isirayeli itari igifite imiryango cumi n’ibiri mu buryo bugaragara

uhereye umwaka wa 734 MKY igihe Ashuri yateraga Isirayeli, noneho mu gihe Yesu aha ba bigishwa

be cumi na babiri umwanya wa mbere, ibyo byonyine birahagije kugira ngo bihuzwe n’uburyo abo ari

bo bazicara ku ntebe y’imanza bacira imanza imiryango cumi n’ibiri [Mat 19:28; Luka 22:28-30], ibi

bigaragaza mu buryo butomoye yuko yarimo atekereza ku bijyanye no guhembuka kwa Isirayeli kwo

mu bihe bya nyuma.” (Wright 1996: 300) (Reba na none igice IV.D.4., mu bice bikurikira)

5. Hamwe n’ukubihuza n’ubunyage, akenshi abahanuzi bavugaga ku Mana “uguteranyirizwa hamwe”

bushya kw’amasigarira ya Isirayeli (Zab 147:2; Yes 11:12; 27:12; 49:5; 56:8; Yer 6:9; 31:10; Ezek

11:17; 28:25; 34:13; 37:21; 38:8; 39:28; Hos 1:11; Mika 2:12; 4:6; Zef 3:18-20; Zak 10:8, 10). Yesu

avuga “guteranyiriza hamwe” Isirayeli (Mat 3:12; 12:30; 13:30, 47-48; 18:20; 22:10; 23:37; 24:31;

Mariko 13:27; Luka 3:17; 11:23; 13:34).

6. Ezekiyeli avuga ku Mana nk’ “umwungere” ugarura Isirayeli (Ezek 34: 1-31; 37:24). Yesu yavuze

ati, “Ndi umwungere mwiza” (Yoh 10: 11, 14; reba na none Mat 26:31; Mariko 14:27). Yitwa

“Umutahiza w’intama” mu Abaheb 13:20 n’ “Umutahiza” muri 1 Pet 5:4. Ikivugwa muri Ezekiyeli 34

n’uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli. Muri ibyo, Imana ishimangira uburyo umwungere yita ku ntama ze (Ezek

34:11-16). Igihe Kristo yavugaga ati, “Umwungere mwiza apfira intama ze” (Yoh 10:11, 15), yarimo

yerekana isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwa Ezekiyeli. Muri Ezekiyeli, Imana yongeye kuvuga itya iti,

“Nzaziha umwungere umwe, ni we uzaziragira, ni we mugaragu wanjye Dawidi” (Ezek 34:23). “Ibi

ntibisobanura yuko Dawidi azongera akaba muzima kugira ngo yongere abe umwami. Ahubwo, bivuga

Mesiya yari gukomoka mu muryango wa Dawidi kugira ngo asohoze ibyo Dawidi yari yarasezeranijwe.

Yitwa Dawidi mushya (Ezek 34:23; 37:24; Hos 3:5).” (Kaiser 1995: 189). R. T. France aravuga ati,

“Igihe yavugaga yuko icyamuzanye ku isi ari ugushaka no gukiza icyari cyarazimiye (Luka 19:10),

yarimo asubiramo insobanuro Ezekiyeli aha Imana nk’umwungere uzarokora intama ze zatatanye

(Ezekiyeli 34, cyane-cyane imirongo ya 16, 22)” (France 1975: 57). Nyuma y’ayo mateka, ibi

bisobanura, kimwe mu bindi bisobanuro, yuko muri Yesu uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli kwarasohoye,

n’ubwo atari mu buryo bw’ibigaragara nk’igihugu-ishyanga nk’uko Abayuda benshi bari bayiteze.

32

Yesu ubwe n’ “Intumwa y’Isezerano Rikuru” yavuzweho mu gice kiherukira Mal 3:1.


55

7. Ibitangaza byinshi n’indi mirimo ihambaye Yesu yakoze byari ibimenyetso yuko Isirayeli yari mu

nzira y’uguhemburwa kandi yuko Ubwami bw’Imana bwarimo butahwa ku mugaragaro. “Ubuhanuzi

bwavugaga ku ugutaha bava mu bunyage, n’ukugaruka kw’UWITEKA i Siyoni, bwabonye ibikorwa be

n’ibi nk’ikimenyetso cy’uguhemburwa kw’ibyaremye, binyuze mu ugukiza abarwayi [urugero, Yes

35:1-10: “Icyo gihe impumyi zizahumurwa, n’ibipfamatwi bizaziburwa. Icyo gihe ikirema kizasimbuka

nk’impara, ururimi rw’ikiragi ruzaririmba.”]: . . . Dushobora kuvuga dufite ibyiringiro yuko Yesu yari

agamije kwumvisha abantu yuko ‘ibikorwa bihamabaye’ bye by’ugukiza nk’ikimenyetso cy’isohozwa

cy’ibi bari biteze yuko bizasohora icyo gihe…. Bityo, igihe umuhanuzi Yohana wahanuraga ibizasohora

yatangajwe n’ibyo Yesu yarimo akora, kumbure anatangazwa n’ibyo atarimo akora, Yesu yasubije

agabisha intumwa za Yohana ku bijyanye n’agaciro k’ibikorwa bikomeye [imiterere; igikorwa]: ‘Genda,

muvuge ibyo mwumvise n’ibyo mubonye. Impumyi zirahumuka, ibirema biragenda, ababembe

barakira, ibipfamatwi birumva, abapfuye barazurwa, abakene barabwirwa ubutumwa bwiza. Kandi

hahirwa uwo ibyanjye bitazagusha’ [Mat 11:4-6].” (Wright 1996: 428-29) 33

Na none, “Yesu akoresha ubushobozi bwe hejuru y’uburyo ibintu bitunganyije, abigarura mu

murongo mushya hashingiwe ku murongo w’Imana w’intego y’agakiza k’Imana nk’uko byagaragaye

mu gihe cyo kwambuka Inyanja Itukura” (Ibid.: 193-94). Mu bikorwa be n’ibyo harimo igikorwa

cy’uburobyi bwo mu buryo bw’igitangaza (Luka 5:4-11; Yoh 21:1-14); gucecekesha imiraba y’inyanja

(Mat 8:23-27; 14:32; Mariko 4:35-41; 6:51; Luka 8:22-25); kugendera hejuru y’amazi (Mat 14:22-

31; Mariko 6:45-50; Yoh 6:16-21); kugaburira abantu ibihumbi mu buryo bw’ibitangaza (Mat 14:13-

21; 15:32-38; Mariko 6:32-44; 8:1-9; Luka 9:12-17; Yoh 6:1-14); guhindura amazi vino (Yoh 2:1-

11); no kuvuma igiti cy’umutini (Mat 21:18-19; Mariko 11:12-14, 20-21). “Muri ibi byose, kimwe no

mu ‘bikorwa byo mu urwego ruhanitse’ muri rusange, ‘icyabonetse’ mu buryo isi yabonaga Abayuda

mu kinjana cya mbere kwari uko ibyaremwe byose byari bikeneye guhemburwa, ibyo Isirayeli yahoze

yiteze uhereye kera kose, igihe Imana yabo ari na Yo yari umwami wabo, nyuma bakajya guhanwa na

Yo. . . . Mu buryo bw’umwihariko, ibijyanye no gukiza bigendana ijambo, ngo: ‘Nimba jye, n’ukuboko

kw’Imana, nirukana abadayimoni, nuko rero ubwami bw’Imana bwabagezemo [Mat 12:28; Luka

11:20].’ Ibi byibutsa inkuru ivuga ibi: Umunsi umwe Imana y’Abisirayeli izaba Umwami; ukwubaka

ubu bwami kuzagendana n’ukunesha umwanzi wahoze ugumiza Isirayeli mu buja; hariho ibimenyetso

bigaragara yuko ibi birimo bisohora; bityo ubwami na bwo burimo bwinjira. UWITEKA arimo aba

umwami; Isirayeli na yo irimo ibohozwa.” (Ibid.: 194, 228).

8. Nyuma yo kuzuka kwe, bari mu nzira igana Emawusi (Luka 24:21, 25-27), Yesu yabwiye abigishwa

be mu buryo bwumvikana yuko “uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli” kwari ukwo mu buryo bw’Umwuka

kwubatse ku ukumwizera, aho kuba uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli nk’igihugu-ishyanga kwo mu buryo

bugaragara cyangwa se bwa politike. Ako kanya nyuma yo kuzuka kwe, Yesu yahuye na babiri bo mu

bigishwa be ku nzira igana Emawusi. Ntibamumenya, nyuma bavuga yuko “biringiraga yuko ari we

uzacungura Abisirayeli” (Luka 24:21). “Nta gushidikanya, ibitekerezo byabo byari byerekeye kuri

politike kuruta aho kubyerekeza ku by’idini ku bijyanye n’uburyo Kristo yari gucungura Isirayeli. Kuri

bo, ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli byasobanuraga ukurokorwa bakurwa mu maboko y’abanzi babo,

urugero, Abaroma.” (Stein 1992: 611; reba na none Bock 1996: 1913-14)

a. Yesu acyaha abo bigihswa babiri. Mu gisubizo yahaye abo bigishwa, Yesu yarabacyashye,

avuga ati, “Mwa bapfu mwe, imitima yanyu itinze cyane kwizera ibyo abahanuzi bavuze byose.

None se, Kristo ntiyari akwiriye kubabazwa atyo, ngo abone kwinjira mu bwiza bwe?” (Luka

24:25-26). “Insobanuro y’ibi n’uko Kristo yari yacunguye cyangwa se yasubijeho ubwami bwa

Isirayeli, ariko mu buryo butandukanye n’uko bari babyiteze. Mu gutegereza Mesiya wo mu

buryo bwa politike azazana ‘ugucungurwa’ kwo mu urwego rwa politike, bari bararangije

gusobanukirwa mu buryo butari bwo ubwo buhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Ariko ukwo

gucungurwa kwa Isirayeli kwaje gusohorera mu ukuzuka kwa Yesu.” (Walker 1996: 285)

33

Yesu si “umwami wa Isirayeli” (Mat 2:2; Yoh 1:49) ahubwo ni Umwami hejuru y’isi yose kandi arimo ategekana

ubushobozi bwose (Mariko 16:19; Luka 22:69; Ibyak 2:22-36; Abef 1:20-23; Abakol 3:1; Abaheb 1:3; 1 Pet 3:21-22;

Ibyah 1:5); ubwami bwe n’ “ubwo hejuru y’imiryango yose, indimi zose, ibihugu byose, n’amashyanga yose” (Ibyah 5:9;

7:9). Kubera yuko ibyaremwe byose kimwe na twe twese ubwacu tuvugwaho nk’ “abaniha” kugeza ubwo tuzabona

“ugucungurwa kw’umubiri wacu” (Abar 8:22-23; reba na none 2 Abakor 5:1-4), kuzasohora igihe Yesu azagarukira (1

Abakor 15:20-57), kuba Yesu yarakizaga abarwaye, akazura abapfuye byari bifite umumaro munini kuruta uguhembuka

kwa Isirayeli. Indwara, ubumuga, n’urupfu n’imibabaro y’isi n’iya kiremwa muntu, bitandukanye n’umugambi w’Imana

kuri byo. Bityo, icy’uko Yesu akiza abantu “byerekeza intsinzi y’Umwami wo mu buryo bw’Imana no mu bihe

by’amakimbirane yo ku urwego rw’isi . . . nk’inzira y’ukwemeza intwaro ze” (Gray 1979: 1n.1).


56

b. Insobanuro y’ “umunsi ugira gatatu.” Abo bigishwa babiri bagiye gusobanukirwa yuko

“dore uyu munsi n’uwa gatatu uhereye igihe ibyo byabereye” (Luka 24:21). Muri Luka 24:46,

Yesu avuga yuko ukwo kuzuka kwe ku “umunsi ugira gatatu” byari byaranditsweho mu

Isezerano rya Kera. “Na none n’iyihe mirongo arimo avugaho? Mu gihe byashoboka yuko

yaba arimo atekereza ku nkuru ya Yona, uwo ashingiyeho cyane n’uwo muri Hoseya 6:2

(‘azaduhembura tumaze kabiri: ku munsi wa gatatu azaduhagurutsa’). Nimba ariko biri, Yesu

yafashe umurongo wavugaga ku uguhembuka cyangwa se ugukanguka kwa Isirayeli, awirozaho

nka We Mesiya wa Isirayeli. . . . Nk’uko Dodd yanzura: ‘Ukuzuka kwa Kristo ni kwo kuzuka

kwa Isirayeli abahanuzi bavuze’.” (Walker 1996: 285)

9. Inshingano Nkuru (Mat 28:18-20).

a. Amateka ajyanye n’IK. Zab 2:6-8 hari harahanuye Isirayeli yahembutse, n’Umwami

washyizwe ku ngoma nka Mesiya ku Musozi Siyoni, “umusozi wera” w’Imana, nk’ “Umwana

w’Imana,” hamwe n’amahanga n’ “impera z’isi” yahawe nk’ubutunzi bwe (reba na none Zab

48:1-2). Mu buhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera, Imana yahawe ishusho nk’ituranye n’abantu

bayo ku musozi Siyoni (Zab 26; reba na none Zab 9:11; 43:3; 68:16; 76:1-2; Yes 8:18; Yow

3:17; Zak 8:3). Amahanga yari kuba yateraniye ku musozi Siyoni kugira ngo babone ubwiza

bw’Imana n’imigisha yayo (reba Yes 2:2-3; 25:6-7; 56:6-8; Mika 4:1-2; Zak 8:20-23).

b. Yesu yerekeje Zab 2:6-8 n’ubundi buhanuzi bwo mu IK busa n’ubu kuri We ubwe, ku ubwoko

bwe (itorero), no ku gikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza Ubutumwa Bwiza. Yesu “Umwana” (Zab 2:7;

Mat 28:19; reba Ibyak 13:33, aho Paulo akoresha Zab 2:7 kuri Yesu) afite “ububasha bwose

mu ijuru no ku isi” nk’Umwami, akongera akaba na Mesiya (Zab 2:6; Mat 28:18). Yesu

Umwami asohora iteka ariha abigishwa be (Zab 2:7; Mat 28:18-20). Na none, iryo teka na ryo

ryerekeye ku “mahanga yose” (Zab 2:8; Mat 28:19). Ahubwo, ah’uko abantu bokaza ku

“musozi wera” w’Imana, Yesu abwira abantu be gusohoka bakajya ku mōko yose yo ku isi,

n’ahantu hose ngo bigishe ijambo ry’Umwami. Si ngombwa yuko tuba ahantu runaka kugira

ngo dushobore kubana n’Umwami (reba Yoh 4: 21-23). Ahubwo atwizeza yuko “ndi kumwe

namwe kugeza ku mperuka y’isi” (Mat 28:20; reba na none Mat 1:23—“azitwa Imanweli,

risobanurwa ngo ‘Imana iri kumwe natwe’”). Ubwo bwami bushya, Umusozi Siyoni mushya,

aho ni ho umwami ari. Ntihakiri ahantu hihariye, umusozi runaka ahubwo n’ahantu ho mu

buryo bw’umwuka. Ni aho hantu hose abantu ba Kristo bakoraniye (reba Yoh 4:21-24;

Abaheb 12:22-24). Kristo ni we wasimbuye Siyoni nk’ahantu Imana yahuriraga n’abantu bayo,

kandi muri Kristo ni mo ibyiringiro byose bijyanye na Siyoni byasohoreye.

10. Yesu asubiza ku kibazo yabajijwe n’abigishwa be ku bijyanye no kugarura ubwami mu Ibyak 1:6-8.

Mbere y’ukuza kw’imbaraga z’Umwuka Wera mu gihe cya Pentekoti, n’abigishwa ba Yesu na bo

ntibari bwagasobanukirwe uburyo Yesu yasobanuye ibijyanye n’ “ukugarura Ubwami bwa Isirayeli”.

Imitekerereze yabo yari igishingiye ku bijyanye n’ahantu runaka hamwe na politike, aho gutekereza ku

bishingiye ku Umwuka. Batekerezaga yuko Mesiya yari gucungura “igihugu gito” kimwe cyonyine, aho

gucungura isi yose. Ariko, mu gisubizo ku kibazo cyabo ku bijyanye n’ “ukugarura ubwami

bw’Abisirayeli” Yesu yakomereje ku byo yari yavuze mu “Inshingano Nkuru” noneho abayobora ku

gitekerezo gitandukanye n’icya mbere mu gutanga ibisobanuro ku cyo “Ubwami bwa Isirayeli

bwacunguwe” buri: N’ubwo mu buryo bw’umwuka, ubwami bwa Isirayeli bwageze ku isi yose, kandi

bugizwe n’abantu bo mu bwoko bwose, b’indimi zose, aho kuba bwerekeye Abanyesirayeli bonyine.

Ukuzamuka kwa Yesu mu ijuru (Ibyak 1:9-11), bisobanura neza ibijyanye n’umwimerere nyayo

y’ubwami, bishimangira ibi ngibi: “Ukuzamuka mu ijuru kwa Yesu ni, mu yandi magambo, igisubizo

cy’abigishwa cya 1.6. Uku ni kwo ubwami burimo busubizwa Isirayeli: binyuze mu buryo Mesiya

ubuhagarariye azashyirwa ku ntebe nk’umwami nyakuri w’isi.” (Wright 2003: 655)

a. Insobanuro nshya y’ “ugucungurwa kw’ubwami hamwe n’ibigize ‘Isirayeli nyakuri’.”

N’ubwo igice cya mbere cy’igisubizo Yesu yatanze mu Ibyak 1:7-8 gishobora gufatwa nk’

“ikintu cyo gukosora ‘ingengabihe yabo’ (uku ‘gucungurwa’ kwari gusohora, ariko atari muri

iki gihe cya none),” igice cya kabiri cy’icyo gisubizo (urugero, uhereye ku Ibyak 1:8), havuga

yuko ibyo Yesu arimo avugaho n’uburyo bushya kandi butandukanye n’ubwa mbere bw’

“ugucungurwa kw’ubwami”: “Ibijyanye n’ibi muri Luka 24 bivuga yuko Yesu arimo anenga

uburyo bumvagamo ‘ugucungurwa’. Arashimangira ibijyanye n’ibyiringiro, ariko agahindura

insobanuro yabyo. Icyo ashingiraho ni ku ‘ubwami bw’Imana’ (umurongo wa 3), butandukanye

n’ubwami bushingiye kuri Isirayeli yo mu buryo bwa politike; Umwuka azatangwa (imirongo

4-5), ariko s’ukugarurira Isirayeli ubwami’, ahubwo kwari ukubaha inguvu zo kwamamaza


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ubutumwa hirya y’imipaka ya Isirayeli’ . . . Muri Luka 24 abigishwa bahamagariwe kureba

umurimo wa Yesu wo gucungura babanje gusubiza amaso inyuma bakareba ukubambwa kwe,

ubu na ho bahamagariwe kureba imbere berekeza amaso yabo ku nshingano bahawe yo kugera

‘ku mpera z’isi’ (Ibyak 1:8). ‘Ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli’ gukubiyemo ibintu bibiri—

kwizihirijwe mu rupfu n’ukuzuka kwa Yesu, ariko kugasohorera muri misiyo yahawe

abigishwa. . . . Mu ukuzuka kwa Mesiya wa Isirayeli n’impano yari hafi gutangwa y’Umwuka

Wera ni mo Isirayeli yarimo icungurirwa. Uburyo Isirayeli izakwirakwiza ubutware bwayo ku

isi ntibizanyura mu ubwigenge bwayo bushingiye kuri politike, ahubwo ni mu ubutware

n’ubutegetsi bwa Mesiya wa Isirayeli. Uburyo bwatoranyijwe bw’ubutware bw’uyu Mesiya

bunyura mu ukwamamaza ubutumwa bwe ku isi hose bazana abantu ku ‘ukwitondera

iby’ukwizera’ (reba Abar. 1:5). None kimwe na mbere, ikiraza ishinga Yesu nticyari icy’

‘ubwami bwa Isirayeli’ bwo mu urwego rwa politike, ahubwo cyari icy’ ‘ubwami bw’Imana’

(Ibyak 1:3).” (Walker 1996:96, 292) Mu yandi magambo, “ubwami burimo bugenda

buhemburwa, ariko buzaba ubw’Umuyuda kimwe n’Umunyamahanga ku urwego rumwe

binyuze mu ukwamamaza Ubutumwa Bwiza” (Goldsworthy 2000: 238); reba na none Peterson

2009: 109-10 [“hashingiwe ku ubuhamya bw’intumwa za Yesu, ‘ubwami’ bwari gusubizwa

Isirayeli, ariko bitari mu buryo bwa politike cyangwa se bw’igihugu”]; Wright 1996: 383-90

[“Yarimo ashimangira itoranywa rya Isirayeli nk’uko yabisobanuye,” urugero, Isirayeli igizwe

n’abo bose bumvise amagambo ye bakamukurikira]).

b. “Ku mpera z’isi” na byo byatanze insobanuro nshya ku buhanuzi. Umwanzuro w’igisubizo

Yesu yahaye abigishwa be cy’uko bakwiye kujya mu mahanga yose “ku mpera z’isi” (Ibyak

1:8, NIV) wibutsa Inshingano Nkuru kandi ukaba ishusho ya Zab 2:8, bivuga ngo, “impera

z’isi” zahawe Umwami Mesiya nk’umugabane we. “Mu nshingano Yesu yahaye intumwa ze yo

kugenda bakagera ‘ku mpera z’isi,’ iyerekwa ryo mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi rivuga iby’uko

amahanga azaza i Yerusalemu (Yes 2:2-5, Mika 4:1-5; Zak 8:20-23) risimburwa n’iby’ukuri

bivuga ku Bamisiyoneri b’Abayuda bazajyana Ubutumwa bwiza mu mahanga. Za ngendo zari

zaravuzweho zo kuva ku mpera z’isi zerekeza hagati, ubu none, zihawe indi ntumbero ya

misiyo yo kuva hagati (Yerusalemu, aho Yesu yapfiriye nyuma akazuka ava mu bupfuye)

werekeza ku mpera (impera z’isi).” (Schnabel 2002: 47)

11. Umwimerere wo mu buryo bw’umwuka ku bijyanye n’ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli wabaye impamo

igihe cy’Inama Nkuru y’Itorero y’i Yerusalemu mu Ibyak 15. N’ubwo Dawidi yari yarasezeraniwe

ubwami buhoraho, Isirayeli nyuma yagiye gucikamo ibice, nyuma ijyanwa mu bunyage. Imana, inyuze

mu Umuhanuzi wayo Amosi, yari yaremeye ko hazabaho ugucungurwa: “Uwo munsi nzegura ihema

rya Dawidi ryaguye,” nyuma y’ibyo amahanga azashakisha cyangwa se azubaha Uwiteka (Amosi 9:11-

12).

a. Uhereye mu Ibyakozwe 10, Imana yeretse Petero yuko nta shyanga, nta muryango cyangwa

se ubwoko bukwiye kwitwa “ubutejejwe.” Icyakurikiyeho n’uko umubare munini

w’Abanyamahanga bahindutse, ariko ntibakebwa cyangwa se ngo bayoborwe n’amategeko

y’Abayuda. Ikibazo cy’uko Abanyamahanga bakwiye gukurikiza imigenzo n’amategeko

y’Abayuda yo mu IK ni cyo cyari ku murongo w’ibyigwa muri iyo Nama Nkuru i Yerusalemu

nk’uko biri mu Ibyakozwe 15. Inama yanzuye ivuga yuko Abanyamahanga badategetswe

gukurikiza imihango n’amategeko byo mu IK.

b. Kugira ngo ibi byemerwe, mu Ibyak 15:15-18, intumwa Yakobo yasubiyemo amagambo

yanditswe mu gitabo cya Amosi 9:11-12 (hakoreshejwe inyandiko ya LXX) ariko atangira kandi

arangiza ayo magambo yo mu IK akoresha amagambo yo muri Hos 3:5; Yer 12:15, na Yes

45:21.Iyo mirongo yashyize ya magambo yakuwe muri Amosi mu murongo w’ugukizwa

kw’Abanyamahanga mu bihe bya Mesiya.Yakobo yanzura avuga ati, kuba Abanyamahanga

bahuriye mu rusengero ni kwo kwubaka bushya “ihema rya Dawidi” (urugero, uguhembuka

kwa Isirayeli). Bityo, kuba Abanyamahanga bageze ku ukwizera byerekana yuko “ihema rya

Dawidi” ryamaze kwubakwa bushya, mu gihe “ibyanditswe bivuga yuko habwirizwa kubaho

‘uguhembuka’ mbere y’uko Abanyamahanga bashobora kwinjiramo (‘Nzahacungura, kugira

ngo . . . Abanyamahanga’). Kuba Yakobo akoresha ‘ha’ ni kugira ngo ahe agaciro misiyo

izakorwa mu Banyamahanga, bisobanura yuko ibijyane n’ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli biza

byaremewe.” (Walker 1996: 97)

c. Nk’uko ibijyanye n’isezerano Aburahamu yahawe ku “gihugu”, itorero rya mbere “ryize mu

buryo bw’umwuka” ubuhanuzi bwo mu IK bwa Amosi babwerekeza ku itorero, aho kuryerekeza


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ku rusengero rwo mu buryo bw’inyubako cyangwa se ku ubwami bwa Isirayeli bwo mu buryo

bwa politike. “Mu gushakisha ibyanditswe byatuma Abanyamahanga bakīrwa, Yakobo

yahisemo icyanditswe kimwe cyemeza neza yuko igikorwa cy’Imana mu Banyamahanga cyari

gutangira nyuma yuko izaba yarangije gukorera ubwoko bwayo bwite (‘ihema rya Dawidi

ryaguye’). Ikihari ibi byari byerekejeho n’uko ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli (Ugucungurwa

kuzakurikirwa n’ ‘icy’uko amahanga azataranira hamwe’) byari iby’ukuri. Ikitari icy’ukuri

n’insobanuro yahabwa ‘ugucungurwa’ kwa Isirayeli. . . . Bityo, insobanuro ya Yakobo iba

irumviswe, yavuga yuko intumwa nyuma zagiye gushyira ku ruhande ibijyanye n’imyizerere

yabo ya mbere yuko ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli kwari kujyanye n’ubwigenge bushingiye kuri

politike cyangwa se mu icy’uko abantu bayo bazaza ku ukwizera Yesu ari benshi cyane.”

(Walker 1996: 293-94)

d. Icyemezo cyafatiwe mu Nama Nkuru y’Itorero i Yerusalemu gihwanye n’ibyanditswe muri

Yes 49:6. Yes 49:6 n’umwe mu mirongo ivuga ku “ubugaragu”. Uwo murongo uhuza

ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli n’umuhamagaro w’Imana ku Banyamahanga: “Aravuga ati, “Kuba

umugaragu wanjye, ugakungura imiryango ya Yakobo, ukagarura Abisirayeli bacitse ku icumu,

ibyo ntibihagije; ahubwo nzaguha kuba umucyo wo kuvira amahanga, kugira ngo agakiza

kanjye kagere ku mpera y’isi.” Kimwe no muri Amosi 9:11-12, “kuba Abanyamahanga

bagezweho n’Ubutumwa Bwiza cyari ikimenyetso cy’uko igihe cyari cyarategerejwe kuva kera

cy’ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli cyasohoye” (Walker 1996: 98). Paulo na Barunaba basubiyemo

amagambo ari mu gice cya kabiri cya Yes 49:6 mu Ibyak 13:47. Byashoboka yuko bagiye

kumenya ko hariho ihuriro hagati y’ “ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli” n’agakiza ku Banyamahanga.

Ikoreshwa ry’amagambo yo muri Yes 49:6 byatumye habaho ibyishimo n’umunezero kubera

ijambo ry’Uwiteka n’agakiza ku Banyamahanga (reba Ibyak 13:48-49). Ibi byari ibijyanye

n’Inama Nkuru y’Itorero yabereye i Yerusalemu, iyo Paulo na Barunaba batanzemo inkuru zose

ku byo Imana yabakoresheje mu Banyamahanga (Ibyak 15:2-4, 12).

12. Paulo agereranya ibijyanye na Kristo n’Itorero nk’ “ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli.”

a. Mu Abar 9:4-5 Paulo abona Yesu nk’igiteranyo, n’ikiri hejuru y’imigisha yose ikomeye

yagenewe Isirayeli: ukurerwa nk’abana, icyubahiro, amasezerano, amategeko, urusengero,

imirimo ikorerwa mu rusengero, amasezerano, na ba Data. Bityo, icy’uko Yesu yamamaza

ugusohora kw’ubwami bw’Imana byakurikiwe n’insobanuro nshya ku ubwami, hamwe

n’ibimenyetso byarangaga Isirayeli, ibyari bibuze (ugukebwa, Isabato, ibyo kurya) cyangwa se

byahinduwemo ibindi (Ubwoko, Igihugu, Amategeko, Urusengero). Ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli

nk’uko kwasezeranijwe kwahawe indi nsobanuro mu magambo avuga ku ukwubaha Yesu aho

kwubaha ibimenyetso bya kera byarangaga Isirayeli: Igishingiweho s’Urusengero, cyangwa se

amategeko, cyangwa se igihugu, ahubwo n’ubutumwa bw’urukerera rwerekeza ku ubutegetsi

bw’Imana binyuze mu murimo n’umuntu wa Yesu.” (Schnabel 2002: 42-43)

b. Paulo asobanura bushya “ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli” nk’ikintu kijyanye n’iby’umwuka.

Yes 49:8 havuga ku uburyo Uwiteka afasha “Wowe” (Musabyi we) “kugira ngo ucungure

igihugu.” Paulo asubiramo amagambo yo mu gice cya mbere cy’uwo murongo wa 2 Abakor

6:2, atabihuje n’ugucungurwa na kumwe kw’igihugu cyangwa se kw’ubwami bwa Isirayeli

kwo mu buryo bufatika, ahubwo abihuza n’ukuba ambasaderi (umuvugizi) wa Kristo no

kwakira ubuntu bw’Imana. Ahandi na ho avuga yuko Aburahamu ari we se w’abizera bose, na

bariya bose ba Kristo n’abana b’Aburahamu (Abar 4:11; Abagal 3:29). Itandukaniro ryari

rihari hagati y’Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga, “ab’inyuma” n’ “ab’imbere,” muri Kristo, ni mo

ryavaniweho (1 Abakor 5:12; Abagal 3:28; Abef 2:14-19; Abakol 3:11; 1 Abates 4:12).

“Nuko rero, igihe Paulo ashimangira yuko isezerano ry’Imana kuri Aburahamu ubu ryarangije

gusohorera muri Kristo ryose, harimo n’ukwagurira umugisha w’Imana ku Banyamahanga,

igihe kandi ashimangira yuko iri sohozwa ririmo ribera muri bariya bizera Yesu Kristo, aha

arimo avuga icyo yizera yuko itorero, rigizwe n’Abayuda bizera n’Abakristu

b’[Abanyamahanga], ibi na byo bisobanura ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli kwo mu bihe bya

nyuma” (Schnabel 2002: 54) Kimwe n’ibyo, mu Ibyak 13:32-34, 38-39, Paulo ahuza

“imigisha nyakuri ya Dawidi” n’ukuzuka kwa Yesu. Aya masezerano n’iyi migisha, nyuma

ntibijya kuvugwaho nk’Ubwami bw’Abayuda bwo muri iki kinyagihumbi, ahubwo bihuzwa

n’ukubabarirwa ibyaha n’agakiza. Nuko rero, amasezerano yahawe Isirayeli yagiye

gusohorezwa mu Itorero ryo mu Isezerano Rishya.” (Hoekema 1979: 197)

c. Abayobozi b’Abayuda basobanukiwe yuko Paulo yarimo atanga insobanuro nshya y’


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“ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli.” Amaze gufatwa, Paulo yavuze ati, “None mpagaritswe no

gucirwa urubanza, kuko niringira kuzabona ibyo Imana yasezeraniye ba sogokuruza.” (Ibyak

26:6). Igihe yoherezwaga i Roma, yavuze ati, “Kuko iby’Abisirayeli biringiye kuzabona ari byo

byatumye mboheshwa uyu munyururu” (Ibyak 28:20). Biragaragara neza yuko ibyo Paulo

yizera ku bijyanye n’ “ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli” byari bihabanye cyane kandi bitandukanye

n’ibyari mu bitekerezo by’abayobozi b’Abayuda. Ibitekerezo byabo byari bishingiye ku

bigaragara ku kijyanye n’ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli—bisobanura yuko bo bashakaga Isirayeli

icunguriwe kuba ubwami bukomeye, aho nta huriro riba riri hagati y’Abayuda

n’Abanyamahanga, kandi bishingiye ku Mategeko n’Urusengero rwo mu Isezerano rya Kera

rw’Abayuda. Iyo Paulo yari kuba afite insobanuro be n’iyo ku bijyanye n’ibyiringiro

n’ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli, yari kuba yabaye umuntu wemewe cyane, na cyane-cyane ko yari

umwigihsa w’Amategeko wize cyane (Ibyak 22:3; 23:6; 26:5; Abafil 3:5). Ahubwo, Paulo

yigishaga “ibyiringiro” bitandukanye n’ibyo Abayuda bari bafite mu bitekerezo byabo, yigisha

Kristo, “amategeko ya Kristo,” ubwoko bushya bw’Imana burimo Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga,

bakaba bari umwe “muri Kristo” hamwe n’ “ibyiringiro by’umuzuko” (Ibyak 17:1-7; 23:6;

24:14-15; 26:6-23). Ibi ni byo byatumye Abayuda bagerageza kumwica, kugera aho bamufata

(Ibyak 21:28-33; 22:17-22).

13. Abanditsi b’IR basobanukiwe yuko Yesu yari yararangije guha intumbero nshya ubuhanuzi bwo mu

IK ku bijyanye n’ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli. “Abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya ntibigeze bavuga na rimwe

yuko ugusohozwa kw’Ubuhanuzi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera bwari gusohorera mu ugucungurwa

kw’igihugu cya Isirayeli kwo mu buryo bugaragara. Igihe Paulo ashimangira avuga yuko igice cya

Isirayeli cyinangiye umutima kizagera aho na cyo kikagarurwa mu ubwōko bw’Imana nyakuri, bityo,

‘Isirayeli yose izakizwa’ [Abar 11:25-26], nta nzira n’imwe ashyiraho igaragaza yuko haba hari ikintu

kindi yaba arimo atekerezaho keretse uguhinduka kwabo kwo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Haba hariho ibyo

gushidikanyaho ku bijyanye n’ejo hazaza ho mu umwuka h’Abayuda, abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya

bakomeza bakurikiza umurongo wabo berekeza amaso yabo ku Itorero rya Gikristo nka ryo muyoboro

w’ejo hazaza ha Isirayeli.” (France 1975: 77-78) Abaheb 12:18, 22 havuga yuko muri Kristo

“Ntimwegereye wa musozi ubasha kugerwaho . . . ahubwo mwegereye umusozi wa Siyoni n’ururembo

rw’Imana ihoraho, ni rwo Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru” (reba na none Abagal 4:21-31). Mu gihe Isezerano

Rikuru rya Kera ryari ritarata agaciro, no mu gihe Yesu yari akiri mu isi akora umurimo we,

Yerusalemu yitwaga “Umurwa wera” (Yes 48:2; Dan 9:24; Neh 11:1, 18; Mat 4:4; 27:53). Na none,

“nyuma y’icyo gihe, ijambo ‘umurwa wera’ ntirisubira kugaruka, kuko Imana yashyize icyicaro cyayo

mu itorero aho kugishyira i Yerusalemu; kandi igihe cya Pentekoti, Umwuka ntiyuzuye urusengero

cyangwa se Yerusalemu, ahubwo yuzuye intumwa na bariya bose bihannye bakabatizwa (Ibyak 2:1-4,

38-39). Ubu busobanuro burasobanurwa mu Ibyahishuwe aho Yohana asobanura Yerusalemu nshya

nk’umurwa wera (21:2, 10; 22:19). Akomeza asobanura avuga yuko aho ari ho hari ‘ubuturo bw’abera,

umurwa w’igikundiro’ (20:9) uwo Yesu yita ‘ururembo rw’Imana yanjye’ (3:12). Umurwa wera ni

Yerusalemu y’abera yo mu buryo bw’umwuka.” (Kistemaker 2000: 437)

IV. Kubera ko Itorero riri “muri Kristo,” Itorero ni ryo Isirayeli Nshya, Nyakuri, Isirayeli yo mu buryo

bw’Umwuka

A. Isirayeli yo mu IK n’Itorero: Ubuntu, ugutoranywa, n’ukwizera byo mu IK byo mu buryo bufatika n’ubwo

mu Umwuka 1. Amagambo yerekeye ku “ubuntu,” “ugutoranywa,” n’ “ukwizera” arakoreshwa mu IK, nk’uko ari mu

IR. “Insanganyamatsiko zimwe na zimwe z’ingenzi zishingiye kuri Bibiliya, zimwe muri zo zigenda

zihuzwa n’amateka y’Aburahamu izindi na zo zigahuzwa n’Isezerano Rikuru. Insanganyamatsiko ya

mbere n’ubuntu. Kimwe no kuri Nowa, nta kidasanzwe kuri Aburahamu cyatuma agirirwa neza

n’Imana mu buryo yamuhamagarira kwinjira muri iyi migisha. . . . Iya kabiri igendana n’ubuntu n’

ugutoranywa. Igihe cyose Imana ikoze kubera ineza ishaka kugirira abantu, ikora ikirwanya icyo

bakorera, bo nk’abanyabyaha bigometse, icyo gikorwa rero n’ubuntu. Ugutoranywa bisobanura yuko

Imana ihitamo bamwe aho guhitamo abandi kugira ngo abe ari bo babona kuri ubwo buntu bwayo. . . .

Insanganyamatsiko ya gatatu n’ ukwizera nk’uburyo bw’ukugaruka ku Mana. Ukwizera kwa

Aburahamu ntikwari gutunganye rwose, ntikwarangwamo imbaraga buri gihe, rimwe na rimwe

hagaragaramo n’ukutizera (Itang 15:2-3). Ariko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, yagiye afata

Imana ku ijambo ryayo akizera amasezerano yayo. Urufunguzo s’imbaraga cyangwa se ugutungana

kw’ukwizera kwa Aburahamu, ahubwo n’imbaraga n’ugutungana kw’Imana yizeye. . . . Kandi uhereye


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igihe nta na kimwe Aburahamu akwiriye kubona mu byo asezeranywa, bibwirizwa kubonwa nk’impano

adakwiriye kubona. Ni cyo gituma abarwa nk’umukiranutsi imbere y’Imana kubera yuko yizeye

byonyine (Itang 15:6).” (Goldsworthy 1991: 122-23)

2. IK rihishura yuko Imana “ihitamo” cyangwa se “itoranya” mu buryo bubiri butandukanye: mu buryo

bw’ibigaragara no mu uburyo bw’umwuka. Guteg 7:6 havuga hati, “Kuko uri ubwoko [Isirayeli]

bwerejwe Uwiteka Imana yawe, kandi Uwiteka Imana yawe ikagutoraniriza mu mahanga yose yo mu isi

kuba ubwoko yironkeye.” N’ubwo bimeze bityo, ugutoranywa mu nsobanuro yo gushyirwa ku ruhande

nk’ubwoko-igihugu (bisobanura, “ugutoranywa kwo mu buryo bugaragara”) ntibihuye n’agakiza ko mu

buryo bw’iteka (“ugutoranywa kwo mu buryo bw’umwuka”). Abizera Imana “kuko yaduhereye muri

Kristo imigisha yose y’umwuka yo mu ijuru: nk’uko yadutoranirije muri we, isi itararemwa, kugira ngo

tube abera, tutariho umugayo imbere yayo” (Abef 1:3-4; reba na none Abar 8:29-30; 9:8-24; 2 Abates

2:13; 2 Tim 1:9). Mu nshamake, “Isirayeli n’ihanga ryatoranijwe, ariko iyerekwa rijyanye na byo

rizerekana yuko be n’ukwo gutoranywa kwo mu buryo bugaragara kugendana n’ugutoranirizwa

ubugingo buhoraho kwo mu buryo butagaragara (ku imbere). Paulo yanzura avuga ati, abakomoka kuri

Isirayeli si bo Bisirayeli (Abar 9:6). Uburyo Imana ikorana n’ubwoko nk’igihugu bibwirizwa kuba

bitandukanye n’uburyo ikorana n’abantu ku giti cyabo kubera agakiza k’iteka ryose. Izi mpande zombi

z’ugutoranywa zitandukanye n’ugutoranywa kw’abantu bamwe na bamwe abo Imana yerekezaho intego

zayo mu buryo bwihariye.” (Goldsworthy 1991: 126) No mu Isezerano rya Kera, uburyo Imana

yatangagamo agakiza ko mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi k’iteka ryose bwari kubera ubuntu bubonerwa

mu ukwizera, bitari kubera ukwubaha Amategeko ya Mose mu buryo bugaragara byonyine (Itang 15:6;

Guteg 10:16; 30:6; Hos 6:6; Habak 2:4; Abarom 1:16-17; 4:13-24; 9:27-33; 11:17-23; Abaheb

11:1-12:2).

3. N’ubwo Imana yahisemo Isirayeli (Guteg 7:6-8), ikabacungura ibakura mu bucakara (Kuva 13-15),

igaha Isirayeli igihugu cyayo bwite (Yosuwa 1-21), ikinjira mu masezerano makuru na Isirayeli (Itang

12:1-3; 13:14-17; 15:1-21; 17:1-21; 22:15-18; Kuva 19-24; 2 Sam 7:8-17; 1 Ngoma 17:3-15), mu

mateka yayo yose, ubwo bwoko bwose bwahoze burangwa n’ukutizera (reba Neh 9:1-37; Ibyak 7:1-

53). IK kimwe n’IR havuga yuko amateka ya Isirayeli yahoze agengwa n’ukutizera hamwe no kuva mu

isezerano bakoranye n’Imana.

• Igihe Mose yajyaga ku musozi Sinayi kwakira Amategeko Cumi. Ishyanga ryatangiye kuramya

ikimasa gikozwe mu izahabu. Imana ishaka kubarimbura bose (Kuva 32).

• Bagera ku nkombe z’Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Cumi muri ba batasi cumi na babairi bavuze yuko

batari bakwiye kwinjira mu gihugu, abenshi muri bo bahita bigomeka ku Uwiteka. Imana

ibahanisha kuzerera mu butayu kumara imyaka 40, muri abo bantu bose, Yosuwa na Kalebu ni bo

bonyine bemerewe kwinjira mu gihugu (Kubara 13-14).

• Binjiye mu gihugu, mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bw’Abacamanza. Abantu bakomeje gusenga izindi

mana kandi “bakora ibyangwa n’Uwiteka” (Abac 2:11-13; 3:5-7, 12; 4:1; 6:1; 10:6; 13:1; 17:6;

21:25).

• Isirayeli yisabira umwami. Icyo basabye byari ukwigomeka ku Mana kugira ngo bamere

nk’andi mahanga (1 Sam 8:1-9).

• Mbere y’ubunyage i Babuloni. Imana yavugiye mu kanwa k’abahanuzi inshamake y’amateka ya

Isirayeli iti, “Ariko nzareka igice gisigaye cya gakondo yanjye, mbahāne mu maboko y’ababisha

babo, bahinduke umuhīgo n’umunyago by’ababisha babo bose; kuko bakoze ibyangwa imbere

yanjye bakandakaza, uhereye igihe ba sekuruza babo baviriye mu Egiputa na bugingo n’ubu” (2

Abami 21:14-15).

• Nyuma yo gutaha bava mu bunyage i Babuloni. Icyaha cya Isirayeli cyarakomeje, harimo no

gushakana n’abapagani (Neh 13:23-26; Mal 2:11-15); kunanirwa gutanga kimwe mu icumi ari byo

kunanirwa kwubaha amategeko (Neh 13:10-14; Mal 2:10; 3:8-10; 4:4); birengagije Isabato (Neh

13:15-22; Mal 2:8-9); abatambyi barononekaye (Neh 13:7-9; Mal 1:7-14; 2:1-9); n’ibyaha byo mu

urwego rusange (Neh 5:1-13; Mal 3:5).

• Urugero rwa Isirayeli rwo kutizera, kutubaha, no kureka Imana byarakomeje kugeza ku ukuza

kwa Yesu n’inyuma yaho. Yesu “yaje mu be ariko abe ntibamwemera” (Yoh 1:11). Umugani Yesu

yaciye w’abahinzi bimye shebuja imyaka ye (Mat 21:22-46; Mariko 12:1-12; Luka 20:9-19)

uvuga muri make amateka ya Isirayeli nk’ukwanga abahanuzi b’Imana n’ukwanga umwana

w’Imana. Abaheb 3:7-4:9 hanzura havuga yuko Isirayeli itigeze yinjira mu “buruhukiro”

bw’Imana kubera kutizera kwabo. Sitefano yavuze inshamake y’amateka ya Isirayeli nk’ugutoteza

abahanuzi, kugambanira no kwica Kristo, no kutubaha amategeko (Ibyak 7:51-53). Mu Ibyak


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28:23-27 Paulo asubiramo amagambo yanditswe muri Yes 6:9-10 ku bijyanye n’ubuhumyi no

kwica amatwi bya Isirayeli abihuza n’uburyo Isirayeli yanze kwakira Yesu.

4. Mu Abar 9:6-7 Paulo avuga ati, “Kuko abakomotse kuri Isirayeli atari bo Bisirayeli bose; kandi

kuko ari urubyaro rwa Aburahamu, si cyo kibagira abana be bose.” “Mu mwanya wo gushyiraho

itandukaniro hagati ya Isirayeli n’itorero, Bibiliya ishyiraho itandukaniro hagati y’Abisirayeli ubwabo—

itandukaniro hagati y’amasigarira, abo na bo ni bo bizerwa imbere y’Imana, n’abayobye, abo na bo

nk’uko Yesu abivuga, n’abana ba Satani (Yoh 8:44)” (Grenz 1992: 125). Abaroma 9-11 havuga

ibijyanye n’icy’ukumenya nimba Imana yaravuye ku Ijambo ryayo cyangwa se nimba yarishe

Amasezerano Makuru yakoranye na Isirayeli: “Imana ntiyigeze, kandi ntizigera, inanirwa kwubahiriza

buri sezerano ryayo rikuru yashyizeho. ‘Ariko,’ Paulo arabyatura avuga ti, ‘Imana ntiyigeze ikorana

isezerano ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka n’umuntu n’umwe ishingiye ku nkomōko ye yo mu buryo

bw’umubiri.’ Iri ni ryo pfundo ry’ikibazo cyose! Amagambo ya Paulo yerekeye buri mwana

w’Umuyuda uvukira mu gihugu cya Isirayeli, amagambo ye na none yerekeye buri mwana uvukiye mu

babyeyi b’Abakristo uyu munsi. Hamwe iri hame ryakwumvwa neza kandi rikaguma rishyirwa mu

bikorwa, abantu ntibazongera gukoresha amagambo nka ‘igihugu cy’isezerano’ (Isirayeli yo mu buryo

bugaragara) cyangwa se ‘abana b’isezerano’ (abana bavuka ku abizera bo mu buryo bugaragara). Buri

sezerano ry’Imana rizana umugisha wo mu buryo bw’umwuka ku muntu runaka risaba yuko uwo muntu

yizera iryo sezerano ku giti cye. Isirayeli ntiyigeze ibona umugisha yasezeraniwe kuko

‘batawushakishirije mu ukwizera’ (Abaroma 9:32). . . . Ku murongo w’epfo, Paulo avuga ati,

abakomotse kuri Isirayeli si bo Bisirayeli bose bisobanura itandukaniro hagati y’abantu bagenewe

amahirwe yihariye n’abandi bafite ubuntu [bukiza]. Umwisirayeli wese yagiye yishimira amahirwe

menshi kubera umuryango yavukiyemo (Abar 3:1-3), ariko nta mu Isirayeli (nta wundi n’umwe) wigeze

ushyirwa mu urwego runaka rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka cyangwa se ngo abone imigisha yo mu buryo

bw’umwuka keretse irya y’ukwihana n’ukwizera. . . . Icyo ashaka gusobanura muri ibi n’ikijyanye na

“Isirayeli hagati muri Isirayeli” n’ikijyanye n’ugutoranywa gushingiye ku ubutavugirwamo (Abar 9:11)

n’umuhamagaro nyawo (Abar 9:24), kandi ibi nta ho bihuriye n’ibisekuruza. . . . N’iby’ingenzi

kumenya yuko [mu Abar 9:6-13] Paulo ntarimo asobanura ibijyanye n’inyigisho ku ugutoranywa akoze

ikigereranyo hagati y’ ‘umwana w’isezerano’ (urubyaro rw’Aburahamu) n’umwana ‘utari

uw’isezerano’ (Umunyamahanga), ahubwo arimo akora ikigereranyo hagati y’abana babiri

‘b’isezerano’. Kandi abo s’abana babiri b’isezerano bo mu buryo busanzwe, ahubwo n’abuzukuru

b’impanga b’Aburahamu ubwe, n’impanga z’ukuri za Isaka wizeraga Imana. Paulo akoresha impanga

z’Aburahamu ashaka gutanga ibisobanuro byo mu buryo budasubirwaho by’uko kuzungura

amasezerano y’ukuri y’Imana ata ho bihuriye ‘na wa mwana w’isezerano’ cyangwa se kuba

‘ibyashyizweho igikumwe’ n’ibimenyetso by’isezerano—na ririya sezerano rikuru ry’ugukebwa

ryashyizweho igikumwe n’Imana ryerekeye kuri Aburahamu, umuhungu we Isaka no ku buzukuru be

babiri b’impanga. . . . Muri uru rugero akoresha mu gusobanura, Paulo arimo atubwira icyo ashaka

kuvuga igihe akoresha amagambo ‘Abakomotse ku Isirayeli si bo Bisirayeli bose.’ Nta na kimwe mu

byo Imana yasezeranye cyangwa se yakozeho isezerano rikuru na Isirayeli kivuga neza yuko Abisirayeli

cyangwa se abana babo, bazabona umugisha wo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Bajyaga babona amahirwe,

ariko ntibigeze babona igihamya cy’uko iyo migisha izahoraho.” (Reisinger 1998: 47-48)

B. Ihuriro riri hagati ya Isirayeli yo mu IK n’Itorero Itorero ni rishya kandi mu yandi magambo si rishya. “Isezerano Rishya ntirivuga cyane ku uburyo abera

bo mu Isezerano rya Kera bakwemerwa mu itorero, ariko riravuga uburyo abizera b’Abanyamahanga bo mu

gihe cy’Isezerano Rishya bakiriwe mu Bisirayeli” (Bell 1967: 102).

1. Itorero si rishya kubera yuko itorero n’ “amasigarira ya Isirayeli” (Abar 9:27; 11:1-7) kandi

rihagarariye ikwirakwizwa ry’ “amasigarira ya Isirayeli” ryo mu urwego rw’isi (reba Mat 13:31-32, 47-

48; 16:18; Abaheb 11:40; Ibyah 5:9; 7:9). Itorero n’uruhererekane rwa Isirayeli” bisobanura ngo

“ikomezwa n’ikwirakwizwa rya Isirayeli nk’ubwoko bw’Imana, burimo Abayuda batoranyijwe

n’Abanyamahanga, bose hamwe, bakoze “Isirayeli y’Imana’ (Abagal 6:16)” (Williamson 2007:191).

Nk’uko Abar 9:6-7 herekana yuko hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya Isirayeli yo mu buryo

bugaragara n’itorero, ni na ko herekana ihuriro n’uruhererekane ruhambaye hagati ya Isirayeli “yo mu

buryo bw’umwuka” (Isirayeli iri hagati muri Isirayeli”) n’itorero. Iryo huriro n’uruhererekane bisangwa

mu gitekerezo cy’ “amasigarira” ayo Paulo yita mu ishusho y’ “igiti cy’umuzabibu” mu Abar 11:17-24:

“Umuzabibu byerekana amasigarira y’Abisirayeli. Iki gitekerezo kirashyigikirwa cyane n’ibivugwa

muri icyo gice. Ubwa kera, Paulo yari yavuze kuri Isirayeli nyakuri (9:6), amasigarira y’Abisirayeli


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(9:27; 11:5), Abisirayeli batoranyijwe (11:7). . . . Iyo Paulo afungirana urugero rwe rw’umuzabibu

agashyiramo Abayuda bonyine, amasigarira y’Abisirayeli bokwisanze bari ikindi kintu ata huriro

gifitanye n’Itorero, cyangwa se ikintu giteretse hagati mu Itorero. Mu gihe abizera b’Abanyamahanga

bometse ku giti cy’umuzabibu, na none, [Abar 11:17], biragaragara neza yuko amasigarira

y’Abisirayeli adafatanyijwe n’Abayuda bo mu buryo bugaragara bonyine, ahubwo, mur’ayo masigarira

harimo ya moko nyene yacunguwe abarizwa mu Itorero.” (Gay 2002: n.p.) “Ikijyanye n’uko Itorero ari

amasigarira ya Isirayeli byemezwa n’uko izina ry’ubuturo bw’iteka bw’abizera (Yerusalemu Nshya),

inkingi z’ubwo buturo (intumwa cumi na zibiri z’Abisirayeli za Yesu), n’Umuntu uzaba wicaye kuri iyo

ntebe y’inganji y’ubwo buturo (Yesu, Umwami w’Abisirayeli, na none We ubwe n’Umwisirayeli).

Kubera yuko Itorero ari amasigarira ya Isirayeli, Paulo—na we akaba ari umwe mu bayoboke

b’iryo Torero—yashobora kuvuga yuko, mu gihe ari umwe mu bizera Yesu, yari umwe mu bagize

amasigarira ya Isirayeli (Abaroma 11:1-5). Kubera ko Itorero rigizwe n’amasigarira ya Isirayeli, Paulo

yashobora kuvuga yuko Abanyamahanga bizeye Yesu bometswe ku masigarira ya Isirayeli (Abar

11:17). Kubera yuko Itorero ari amasigarira ya Isirayeli, bityo Paulo na Petero bashoboye kuvuga yuko

Abayuda batemeye Yesu bazacibwa bakavanwa muri Isirayeli (Abar 11:17; Ibyak 3:23). Kubera yuko

Itorero rigizwe n’amasigarira ya Isirayeli, Paulo yashoboye kuvuga yuko abizera b’Abanyamahanga

‘ntibagihejwe ku ubwenegihugu bwa Isirayeli’ kandi ntibakiri ‘abanyamahanga ku masezerano makuru

yatanzweho isezerano’ (Abefeso 2:12). Kubera ko Itorero rigizwe n’amasigarira ya Isirayeli, Paulo

yavuze ko abizera b’Abanyamahanga batakiri ‘abanyamahanga n’abimukira, ahubwo basangiye

ubwenegihugu n’ubwoko bw’Imana kandi ni bamwe mu bagize urugo rw’Imana’ (Abefeso 2:19).”

(Ibid.) Ingero ebyiri zikurikira zerekana ibi:

a. “Ubwisirayeli bwa Isirayeli” (Abef 2:11-22). Abanyamahanga bavugwaho nk’abari

batandukanijwe n’Ubwisirayeli muri “abashyitsi ku masezerano y’ibyasezeranyijwe” (2:12).

Ariko, 2:19 havuga yuko “muri Kristo” Abanyamahanga “ntibakiri abashyitsi n’abasuhuke,

ahubwo musangiye ubwoko n’abera [b’Abayuda].” Iki cyanditswe kirasobanutse, kivuga yuko

“Abizera b’Abanyamahanga bakaba n’abayoboke b’Itorero, bakiriwe nk’abasangiye ubwoko

n’Abisirayeli, abo babayemo kera ari abasuhuke, bityo bakaba basangiye amasezerano Imana

yakoranye na Isirayeli mu bihe by’Isezerano rya Kera. Nta gushidikanya kuriho yuko iri huriro

ryanyuze mu uguhindurwa, ariko inzira yo gukomeza yo igumaho.” (Bell 1967: 105)

b. Igiti cy’Umwelayo (Abar 11:1-24). Ikigereranyo cy’igiti cy’Umwelayo gikomoka muri Yer

11:16 na Hos 14:5-6. Abar 11:1-6 hatangira havuga yuko Imana yakomeje amasezerano yayo

yagiranye na Isirayeli binyuze mu masigarira y’Abisirayeli babaye abizerwa, muri abo Paulo

(umuyoboke w’itorero) akaba ari umwe muri bo. Paulo ahuza Isirayeli n’Igiti cyiza

cy’Umwelayo. “Imana yimuye amwe mu mashami y’icyo Giti cy’Umwelayo kubera ukutizera

Umwana wayo, ari We Mesiya wabo. Na none, yafashe amwe mu mashami y’umwelayo

y’umurarashyamba, ayomeka hagati mu mashami y’igiti cy’Umwelayo cyiza. Ariko, aya

mashami yometsweho mashya ntiyari akwiye kwirata kubera umwanya wayo hejuru y’Abayuda

bashyizwe ku ruhande. Amashami y’Abayuda yashyizwe ku ruhande kubera ukutizera kwabo.

Amashami y’Abanyamahanga yometsweho kubera ukwizera kwabo. Aba Banyamahanga

baramutse baguye bakava mu ukutizera, na bo bazacibwa bakurweho. Umwanya umuntu agira

mu Giti cy’Umwelayo uterwa n’ukwizera byonyine.” (Bear 1940-41: 152) “Byashobora

kugaragara yuko Abayuda bizera, bahagarariwe n’amashami meza y’umwimerere, atigeze

avaho. Ntiyigeze ashyirwa ku giti gishya, etc. Abakristu b’Abanyamahanga ni bo bahindutse

igice cy’igiti cy’umwelayo cyiza cyari kihasanzwe (Isirayeli) kandi gisangira ibyo kurya

n’amashami y’umwimerere asanzwe ahari (Abayuda). . . . Abaroma 11, iki gice kigendana neza

n’ibindi bice by’Inzandiko za Paulo nka Abefeso 2 hamwe n’Isezerano Rishya muri rusange,

higisha yuko amasezerano y’Imana kuri Isirayeli ntiyigeze yerekezwa ku urubyaro rwa Isirayeli

rwo mu buryo bw’umubiri nk’ikintu kimwe cyibumbiye hamwe, ahubwo yari yerekeye ku

Bisirayeli bizera gusa, amasigarira y’Abisirayeli, mu gihe cya Paulo, bahagarariwe na Paulo

ubwe n’abandi Bayuda bizeye, abo na bo, binyuze mu ukwemerwa muri Isirayeli ya kera

(kwomekwa mu giti cy’umwelayo cyiza), basangira n’Abayuda bizeye; bose hamwe bakaba

bagize Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka na/cyangwa se Itorero rya Gikristu.” (Bell 1967: 116,

118)

2. Itorero ni rishya kubera ko Yesu yavuze ati, “Uri Petero, kandi nzubaka Itorero ryanjye kuri urwo

rutare; kandi amarembo y’i kuzimu ntazarishobora” (Mat 16:18). Aya magambo ya Yesu avugwa mu

buryo bw’ejo hazaza (“nzubaka”) bisobanura yuko Itorero ryari ikintu gishya mu mateka, kandi kitari


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bwakwubakwe. Itorero ni rishya kubera impamvu byibura ebyiri:

a. Itorero ryubatse ku urupfu n’ukuzuka kwa Kristo. “Itorero n’ikintu gishya, cyane-cyane

kubera yuko ari iteraniro Mesiya yubatse ku rufatizo rw’urupfu rwe rukuraho ibyaha n’ukuzuka

kwe. Nk’uko Mose ari we wakuye ekklesia [ijambo ry’Ikigiriki risobanura ‘iteraniro’; reba

Ibyak 7:38] (Abisirayeli) arikura muri Egiputa mu buryo bw’ibigaragara, Mesiya na We

yakuye ekkelsia ye mu isi yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kugira ngo bakore iteraniro ryo mu buryo

bw’umwuka rigizwe n’Abayuda hamwe n’Abanyamahanga.” (Gay 2002:n.p.)

b. Itorero ni ryo ryagenewe kwakira hagati muri ryo Umwuka Wera. “Itorero na none ni rishya

hashingiwe ku isezerano rimwe mu yagize Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ryo kuzakira Umwuka

azaba hagati mu bantu (Ezekiyeli 36:24-26; Yeremiya 31:31-33). Ikijyanye n’amayobera

y’Itorero n’uko n’abatari Abayuda na bo bazakira Umwuka kandi bakakirwa kugira ngo bagire

umubiri umwe (hamwe n’Abayuda bizera) binyuze mu Umwuka Wera (Ibyakozwe 10:45; 15:8;

Abef 2:19-3:6). Ibi byabaye amayobera kuko Isezerano Rikuru Rishya n’ukuza kw’Umwuka

byari byasezeraniwe inzu ya Isirayeli n’inzu ya Yuda (Yeremiya 31:31), Abanyamahanga

ntibarimo. Bityo, byari bihishe ahantu hatandukanye, mu Isezerano rya Kera, nk’uko byari

bimeze ku bijyanye n’isezerano rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu rivuga yuko urubyaro rwe (Mesiya)

ruzabera umugisha amahanga yose.” (Gay 2002:n.p.)

C. Yesu yahakanye ishyanga rya Isirayeli nk’inzira yo kwubaka Ubwami bw’Imana , nyuma iyo

nshingano ayiha abamukurikiye, ari bo Torero Ibitabo bine bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza bivuga yuko Yesu ari We imigisha yose ikubiye mu Isezerano

Rikuru yasohoreyemo. Ariko na none, muri ibyo bitabo bine bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza, “harimo

insanganyamatsiko yo mu buryo butari bwiza: n’iyijyanye n’isohozwa ry’imivumo ikubiye muri iryo sezerano

(gucirwaho iteka) kuri Isirayeli itizera (Mat. 8:12; 13:12-14; 21:43; 23:37-39; reba Luka 16:19-31). Kugira ngo

tube ba samuragwa b’amasezerano akubiye mu isezerano rikuru, hariho ikindi gisabwa hejuru y’inkomōko

y’umuntu yo mu buryo bw’umubiri (Mat 3:9)!” (Williamson 2007: 185)

1. Ku bijyanye n’ukwizera kwa wa mukuru w’abasirikare b’Abaroma (Umunyamahanga), Yesu yavuze

ati, “Ndababwira ukuri yuko ntabwo nari nabona kwizera kungana gutya, haba no mu Bisirayeli.

Ndababwira yuko benshi bazaturuka iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba, bakicarana na Aburahamu na

Isaka na Yakobo mu bwami bwo mu ijuru: ariko abana bo muri buriya bwami bazirukanirwa mu

mwijima hanze” (Mat 8:10-12). “Ikihari kigaragara aha ngaha n’uko insobanuro itangwa ku bantu

bazaturuka ‘iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba’ ihuzwa n’ibyanditswe nka Yesaya 43:5 no gukomereza

kuri Zaburi 107:3 byavuze ku Bayuda bazataha bava mu bunyage. Ariko, aha ngaha, Yesu arimo

akoresha ibi byanditswe ku Banyamahanga babarwa mu ubwoko bw’Imana. Umwanya w’umwihariko

Abayuda bari bafite nk’ubwoko bw’Imana urarangiye. Amahirwe yo kubarwa muri ubwo bwoko ubu

noneho akinguriwe bose—yaba Umuyuda cyangwa se Umunyamahanga—wizera Yesu.” (Travis 1982:

129)

2. Mu bisobanuro bye ku mugani w’umubibyi (Mat 13:10-17), Yesu agaragaza ikinyuranyo kiri hagati

ya Isirayeli n’abigishwa ku bijyanye n’ukuziba amatwi n’amaso by’Abisirayeli. Icya mbere, Yesu

yabwiye abigishwa be ati, “Mwebweho, mwahawe ubwiru bwo kumenya iby’ubwami bwo mu ijuru,

ariko bo ntibabihawe” (Mat 13:11). Icya kabiri, nubwo Isirayeli yari yaraherewe ubwiru bw’ubwami

mu Mategeko n’Abahanuzi, ntibigeze babisobanukirwa, bituma bashakisha ubwami bwo mu buryo

bugaragara kandi bushingiye kuri politike. Nuko rero, Yesu aravuga ati, “udafite wese azakwa n’ibyo

yari afite” (Mat 13:12). Icya gatatu, “Yesu acira iteka ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka kuri Isirayeli

asubiramo amagambo yanditswe muri Yes 6:9-10” (Beale 2008: 163) avuga yuko Isirayeli “kumva

muzajye mwumva ariko mwe kubimenya: kureba muzajye mureba ariko mwe kubyitegereza. Ujye

unangira imitima y’ubu bwoko, uhindure amatwi yabo ibihuri, upfuke amaso yabo: kugira ngo

batarebesha amaso, batumvisha amatwi, batamenyesha imitima, bagahindukira, bagakira” (Mat

13:14-15; reba na none Mariko 4:12; Luka 8:10; Yoh 12:39-40). Yanzura yerekana igihushane kiri

hagati y’abigishwa be n’ubuhumyi n’ubupfamatwi bwa Isirayeli avuga ati, “Ariko amaso yanyu

arahirwa, kuko abona: n’amatwi yanyu kuko yumva. Ndababwira ukuri yuko abahanuzi n’abakiranutsi

bifuzaga kureba ibyo mureba, ntibabibone; no kumva ibyo mwumva ntibabyumve” (Mat 13:16-17).

3. IR rikoresha Yes 6:9-10 nk’ubuhanuzi burwanya Isirayeli kubera ko banze Yesu. Nk’uko byavuzwe

mbere, Yes 6:9-10 cyari igice cy’inshingano y’ubuhanuzi Yesaya yahawe, ubwo buhanuzi yabutanze

mu gihe cye, ariko Yesu abyita “ubuhanuzi” burimo busohora” (Mat 13:14). Muri Yes 6:9-10

Isirayeli yarimo icirwaho iteka kubera gusenga ibigirwamana, usibye ko ibigirwamana byayo byari


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bitandukanye: Yasimbuje urukundo rw’Imana imigenzo yashyizweho n’abana b’abantu (reba Yes 29:9-

13; Ezek 14:4, 7; Mat 15:7-9; 23:29-33; Mariko 7:6-13), bashaka kwimika ugukiranuka kwabo mu

umwanya w’ugukiranuka gutangwa n’Imana (Abar 10:3). Icyaha cya Isirayeli cyari kibi kuruta

ibyakozwe na basekuruza babo mu bihe byababanjirije, mu gihe banze Imana Ubwayo yari yaraje ku isi

mu ishusho y’umuntu ari we Yesu. “Muri Yes 6:11, umuhanuzi arabaza ati, ‘ibyo bizageza hehe’

igihano cyashyiriweho ubwo buhumyi bwo mu umwuka n’ukwo kutumva, igisubizo cyabaye yuko

bizakomeza kugeza ku gihe cy’amasigarira y’ubunyage bw’i Babuloni na bariya bazagaruka gutura mu

gihugu nyuma y’ubwo bunyage. Birumvikana yuko Yesu yasobanukiwe yuko abenshi mu Bisirayeli

batizera bo mu gihe cye bafite inkomōko kuri ya masigarira y’abatizera kandi b’impumyi b’igihe cy’ubu

buhanuzi. Kubera ibi, birasobanutse neza impamvu Yesu yabonye yuko Yesaya 6:9-10 bwari ubuhanuzi

bwavugaga uburyo Abayuda bo mu gihe cya Yesaya n’abo mu gihe cye bari bahagaze mu buryo

bw’umwuka.” (Beale 2008: 165) Muri Yoh 12:40, intumwa Yohana na we akoresha amagambo yo muri

Yes 6:10 avuga ku ubuhumyi bw’Abisirayeli “ntibamwizeye [Yesu]” (Yoh 12:37). Yohana yongeraho

yuko “Yesaya yavuze ibi bintu kubera yuko yabonye icyubahiro cye, amuvugaho [n’ukuvuga Yesu].”

Mu Ibyak 28:23-28 Paulo na we yasubiyemo amagambo ari muri Yes 6:9-10 ayerekeza ku uburyo

Isirayeli yanze Yesu, avuga yuko ari yo mpamvu Imana yahise yohereza agakiza ku Banyamahanga.

4. Yesu yerekanye ikimenyetso cy’uburyo azangwa na Isirayeli igihe yavumaga igiti cy’umutini (Mat

21:18-22; Mariko 11: 12-14, 20-24). Kuvuma umutini byabaye “inkinamico y’umugani.” Umutini

cyari ikimenyetso ku ubwoko bwa Isirayeli (Hos 9:10; Nah 3:12; Zak 3:10). Muri ukwo kuvuma

umutini, Yesu yarimo arwanya amadini yakora imirimo nk’uburyo bwo “kwishyira ahagaragara” ariko

nta mbuto z’umwuka nyakuri zarimo. Na none, yarimo akora ibirenze ibyo. Yer 5:17, 8:13, Hos 2:12;

Amosi 4:9, na Mika 7:1-6 hose havuga ku bihano byahawe ibiti by’imitini nka bimwe mu bigize iteka

Uwiteka yaciriyeho Isirayeli. Igice gikunze kuza mu bitekerezo kijyanye n’ibyo ni Mika 7:1-6, aho

uburyo umuhanuzi atangazwa cyane na ruswa ikorerwa muri Yuda byasobanuwe nk’uburyo yananiwe

kubona ‘umutima wanjye urarikiye imbuto z’umutini z’umwimambere.’ Hashingiwe ku ijambo riri ku

murongo wa 18 rivuga yuko Yesu yari ashonje, kuba atashoboye kubona imbuto z’umwimambere zo

kurya bivuga mu buryo bukomeye ku iyerekwa ryo mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi risohoreye mu kunanirwa

kwa Yerusalemu y’icyo gihe n’urusengero rwayo.” (France 2007: 793). Yesu afatanya uburyo yavumye

umutini n’aya magambo, “Ntukere imbuto iteka ryose” (Mat 21:19). Kubera iryo jambo, Yesu

ntiyarimo arwanya uburyarya bwo mu madini (mu gihe indyarya zishobora kwihana zigahinduka).

Ahubwo, yarimo yerekana yuko ubwo bwoko nka bwo nzira yo gukwirakwiza ubwami bw’Imana

bwanzwe burundu, nyuma buratabwa. Igisa n’icyo, nyuma yo guhangana n’Abafarisayo, Yesu yavuze

ati, “Igiti cyose Data wo mu ijuru adateye kizarandurwa” (Mat 15:13).

5. Mu mugani wa nyir’urugo n’uruzabibu, Yesu yahakanye ibikorwa by’abayobozi b’Abisirayeli avuga

yuko “ubwami bw’Imana muzabunyagwa buhabwe ishyanga ryera imbuto zabwo” (Mat 21:33-46; reba

na none Mariko 12:1-11; Luka 20:9-18). Uyu mugani uvoma muri Yes 5:1-7 aho “urutoke

rw’Uwiteka Nyir’Ingabo ari inzu ya Isirayeli” (Yes 5:7). Uyu mugani uvuga ibijyanye n’uburyo

Isirayeli igendana n’Imana. Nyir’uruzabibu n’Imana; uruzabibu n’ubwami bw’Imana; abahinzi

b’uruzabibu ni Isirayeli (na cyane-cyane abakuru bayo [reba Mat 21:45]); imbata n’abahanuzi;

umuhungu we na we ni Kristo. Bisobanura ngo, “baramufata [umwana we], bamwirukana mu

ruzabibu, baramwica” (Mat 21:39). Ibi byasohoreye mu kubambwa kwa Kristo kwabereye “inyuma

y’irembo” (Abaheb 13:12). Igihe batotezaga kandi bakica abahanuzi, bakica n’umwana mu buryo

buteye isoni, “buzuza ukwigomeka kwabo kwo mu buryo buteye isoni imbere y’Imana, kandi Isezerano

Rikuru rya Kera rihita risenywa burundu. Uruzabibu ari rwo gakiza k’Imana, ruzakwa ba bahinzi

ruhabwe abahinzi bandi, atari ab’ubundi bwoko bw’abantu bo kw’isi, atari kiremwamuntu muri

rusange, ahubwo ruzahabwa ubwoko bw’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya.” (Goppelt 1982: 79)

Ibijyanye n’uburyo Yesu yavumye igiti cy’umutini n’uburyo yaciriye Isirayeli ho iteka, byari

bishingiye ku mbuto: iteka rya mbere ryari ribi cyane—“Ntukere imbuto iteka ryose” (Mat 21:19); irya

kabiri na ryo ryari ryerekeye ku kintu cyiza— “ubwami bw’Imana muzabunyagwa buhabwe ishyanga

ryera imbuto zabwo” (Mat 21:43). Umwanzuro wa Yesu (21:43) ukoresha ubumwe (“ishyanga” –

“ubwoko”). Ibi bifitanye isano n’amagambo Paulo yavuze nyuma, “Abakomotse ku Isirayeli atari bo

Bisirayeli” (Abar 9:6). Mu yandi magambo, “Kuvuga irindi ‘shyanga’ ryo ku‘gu’simbura mu bijyanye

no kurinda umuzabibu bitujyana mu mutima w’ikibazo [ni nde ari] Isirayeli nyakuri cyihishe munsi iki

gice cyose cy’Ubutumwa Bwiza” (France 2007: 808). Umwanzuro wa Yesu uri mu buryo bwimbitse.

“Iri shyirwa ku ruhande ry’amahirwe Isirayeli yari ifite nka yo shyanga ry’Imana ryonyine nyuma

agahabwa ubundi bwoko ari bwo Torero . . . nta kintu na kimwe kibuze kugira ngo byitwe


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ukubirindurwa (revolisiyo). Ubumwe [ethnos], bisobanura ‘ishyanga’ cyangwa se ‘ubwoko’ bikomoza

kuri misiyo yo kugera ku Banyamahanga, bahwanye na [ethnoi], ubwinshi bw’iryo jambo nyene.”

(Hagner 1995: 623)

6. Nyuma yo kwinjira i Yerusalemu mu cyubahiro, amagambo Yesu yavuze yose n’ibikorwa yakoze

byose byerekanaga ko yanze Isirayeli, bigatuma ahanura ugusenywa kwa Yerusalemu n’urusengero

kubera ko Isirayeli yamwanze. “Icy’uko insanganyamatsiko ya [Mariko 13]—Urubanza—bihura

n’ishusho y’ibyabaye mbere y’aho mu Cyumweru cya Pasika, nk’uko bivugwa, atari muri Mariko

honyine, ahubwo no mu bindi bitabo by’Ubutumwa Bwiza bivuga ibijyanye n’amateka (Matayo,

Mariko, Luka). Kristo yatangaje yuko Imana yasuye Isirayeli igihe yinjiraga i Yerusalemu mu

cyubahiro cye [Mat 21:1-11; Mariko 11:1-10; Luka 19:29-40], akeza urusengero [Mat 21:12-17;

Mariko 11:15-18; Luka 19:45-48], akavuma igiti cy’umutini [Mat 21:18-19; Mariko 11:12-14],

akatura imigani ivuga ku ugucirwaho iteka—umuzabibu n’ibuye ryasuzuguwe [Mat 21:33-46; Mariko

12:1-12; Luka 20:9-18], akavuga ku ubukwe bw’umwana w’umwami [Mat 22:1-14] akavuga

ibijyanye n’akaga ku Bafarisayo [Mat 23:1-39]; ibi byose biza nk’amagambo y’inkuba avuga ku

ugucirwaho iteka.” (Ford 1979: 36). Imigani ivuga ku bana b’abahungu babiri (Mat 21:28-33),

uruzabibu (Mat 21:33-46; Mariko 12:1-12; Luka 20:9-18), umunsi mukuru w’ubukwe (Mat 22:1-14)

nk’ “imigani itatu itanga ishusho y’ikirego gikorerwa Isirayeli (21:28-32), urubanza rukurikiraho

(21:33-46), irangizwa ry’urubanza (22:1-14)” (Blomberg 2007: 74). “Kandi mu magambo ye yo

kuburira abantu harimo bimwe batashobora kubona uburyo babyiregura. Abantu b’iki gihe cya none ni

bo bazabarwaho amaraso y’abahanuzi bose: iki ni cyo gitekerezo cya nyuma. Uburyo Luka yahanuyemo

ugusenyuka kwa Yerusalemu burimo amagambo akomeye, ‘kuko iyo minsi izaba ar’iyo guhoreramo

kugira ngo ibyanditswe bisohore’ (Luka 21:22). Ijambo rikomeye twabonye mu byo Yesu yamamaje

yuko muri We ari mo ibyiringiro byose byo mu Isezerano rya Kera byarimo bigenda bisohorera

[Mariko 1:15; Luka 4:21; 24:27, 44-47] rigereranywa n’iki gitekerezo cy’ibyago byo mu bihe

bizakurikiraho nk’ingaruka y’ukwigomeka kwa Isirayeli.” (France 1975:62)

Iteka ryaciriweho Isirayeli ryari rishingiye ubwa mbere ku uburyo Isirayeli yahakanye Yesu.

Igihe yinjiraga mu murwa ku nshuro ya nyuma, Yesu yahuje uburyo Abayuda bamwanze n’ugusenywa

kwa Yerusalemu n’urusenegro (Luka 19:41-44). Igisobanuro cyiza hejuru y’ibindi n’icy’uko igihe

yinjiraga muri Yerusalemu mu cyubahiro cye byabaye isohozwa ry’ibyo abo mu Isezerano rya Kera bari

bategereje kuzabona yuko “UWITEKA (YHWH) agarutse i Siyoni. Azongera akore ibyo yakoze igihe

cyo Kuva, cyo kuza agatura hagati mu bantu be [Yes 4:2-6; 24:23; 25:9-10; 35:3-6, 10; 40:3-5, 9-11;

52:7-10; 50:15-17, 19-21; 60:1-3; 62:10-11; 63:1-9; 64:1; 66:12-19; Ezek 43:1-7; Hag 2:7-10; Zak 2:4-5, 10-12; 8:2-3; Mal 3:1-4].” (Wright 1996: 616) “Mu bihe bye no mu muco we, yagendeye ku

ndogoba ajya ku Musozi wa Elayono, hakurya ya Kidironi, azamuka umusozi wubatsweho Urusengero

avugana imbaraga kuruta uko amagambo yashobora gusobanura ibijyanye n’icyubahiro cy’umwami.

Kuba Zakariya yavuzweho gato (hamwe n’ibindi byanditswe) birumvikana neza cyane [Zak 9:9-10;

reba na none Itang 49:8-12; Zab 72:8; Yes 63:2-6]. Icyiswe ‘Ukwinjira mu Ntsinzi’ na byo byari ibyo

mu buryo bwa Mesiya.” (Ibid.: 490-91) N’ubwo bimeze bityo, Isirayeli ntiyigeze imenya yuko

Isezerano rya Kera ryarimo risohora, Umwami yari yahageze, Imana yarimo isura Ubwoko bwayo.

Kubera ibyo, Yesu “araturika ararira, yatura iteka umudugudu ugiye gucirwaho, kubera yuko batamenye

‘igihe cyabo cyo gusurwa’ [Luka 19:41-44]. UWITEKA (YHWH) arimo asura ubwoko bwe, kandi

ntibarakabimenya; bityo akaga ko gucirwaho iteka karabegereje, kazaza mu ishusho y’igitero cya

gisirikare no gusenywa. Ibi s’uguhakana yuko ukuza kw’ubwami kwegereje. Ahubwo n’ukugabisha

abantu ku bijyanye n’icy’ubwami buzahura na cyo. . . . Kwari ukugabisha yuko, igihe UWITEKA

(YHWH) yagarukaga i Siyoni, yaje nk’umucamanza kuri bariya Bisirayeli batabaye abizerwa ku

nshingano yabahaye. Igihe UWITEKA (YHWH) yagarukaga, nk’uko Isirayeli yari ibyiringiye kandi

yari yifuje k’Uwiteka yabisohozaga, azaza nk’umucamanza kandi azaza nk’uzanywe no gukiza, kandi

urubanza ruzatangirira ku bo mu rugo rwe bwite. ‘Mbese uwo munsi w’UWITEKA (YHWH)

murawushakira iki? Uzaba ari umwijima, s’umucyo’ [Amosi 5:18]. Ibyiringiro by’Abisirayeli

by’intsinzi y’igihugu cyabo bizashyirwa ku ruhande; abantu bonyine bazatabarwa igihe Imana yabo

izagarukira, nk’igikorwa cyo gusohoza isezerano rye, bazaba bariya bitabiriye amabwiriza y’Imana

arimo atangirwa mu ukwamamaza ubwami bwa Yesu .” (Ibid.: 636-37).

Icy’urubanza rushingiyeho mu migani ye y’uruzabibu n’ibuye ryanzwe (Mat 21:33-46; Mariko

12:1-12; Luka 20:9-18) n’ubukwe bw’umwana w’umwami (Mat 22:1-14) byari uburyo bwo

kugaragaza ukuntu abatware b’Abayuda bakomeje kwanga ubwami bw’Imana hejuru yabo, ibyo bikaba

byarangiriye ku uburyo bamwanze igihe we ubwe yabazagaho . Mu ijambo rye rirerire arwanya


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abanyabwenge b’ibyanditswe n’ Abafarisayo (Mat 23:1-39), Yesu yongeye guhuza ibyo bintu. Yavuze

ko agiye kwohereza abahanuzi, abagabo b’ubwenge, n’abanyabwenge b’ibyanditswe; kandi abo

bazabica, babatoteze,” “muhereko mugibweho n’amaraso yose y’abakiranutsi yaviriye ku isi, uhereye

ku maraso ya Abeli ukageza ku maraso ya Zakariya” (23:34-35). Nyuma y’ibyo, “Ndababwira ukuri

yuko ibyo byose bizasohora ku b’iki gihe” (23:36). Yanzuye yihuza n’ibizasohora kuri Yerusalemu:

“Yerusalemu, Yerusalemu, wica abahanuzi, ugatera amabuye abagutumweho, ni kangahe nshaka

kubundikira abana bawe, nk’uko inkoko ibundikira imishwi yayo mu mababa yayo; ntimunkundire.

Dore inzu yanyu muyisigiwe ari umusaka. Ndababwira yuko mutazambona, uhereye none, ukageza

ubwo muzavuga muti ‘Hahirwa uje mu izina ry’Uwiteka’.” (23:37-39)34 Yashimangiye na none ihuriro

riri hagati y’ukwangwa kwe, We ubwe, n’iteka rizagwira Yerusalemu n’urusenegro igihe azaba arimo

yegera ukubambwa kwe (Luka 23:28-31): ibi bisobanura, “(1) Nimba Abaroma bazamfata, Jye uwo

bemera yuko nta cyaha mfite, aka kagene, ni gute bazafata bariya bazaba ari abigomeke kandi

bagatsindwa n’urubanza? (2) Nimba Abayuda bafata aka kagene uwari yazanywe no kubakiza,

bazagenzwa bate bo ubwabo kubera uburyo bamurimbuye?” (Plummer 1942: 529) Umusobanuzi umwe

abivuga mu nshamake ati, “Ku bijyanye n’Isezerano Rishya, ibyabaye ku mpera y’Isezerano rya Kera,

urupfu rwa Kristo n’ugusenyuka kwa Yerusalemu, yari intango y’Iherezo ry’ibintu. Cyari kimwe mu

bikorwa byakozwe muri iyo nkinamico ivuga ku mperuka y’ibihe, icya nyuma na cyo kikazaba

icy’amarangamutima adashobora kuyobora (Parousia).” (Ford 1979: 31)

7. Inshamake y’ibiri muri Bibiliya. “Nta cyanditswe gisobanutse na kimwe cyo mu Isezerano Rishya

kivuga ku ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli nk’ishyanga ryo mu buryo bwa politike cyangwa se ngo gihanure

ibijyanye n’ingoma ya Kristo ku isi yo mu buryo bugaragara izabaho mbere y’ukwerekanwa kwe kwa

nyuma. Nta na hamwe havuga ku cyubahiro cyo mu buryo bugaragara cya Kristo nk’umwami wo mu

buryo busanzwe uzaba utegeka ishyanga ryacunguwe rya Isirayeli. Uguceceka kw’Umwuka muri ibi

kurimo gutuma abantu bafunga amatwi yabo. . . . Nk’uko uruhande rumwe rw’urufaranga rw’Isezerano

Rishya rufite ishusho ikomeye ivuga yuko nta cyanditswe na kimwe cyigisha uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli

nk’ishyanga ryo mu buryo busanzwe, urundi ruhande rwacyo rwo rwashushanyijweho ishusho y’ikintu

gikomeye cy’uko Isirayeli nk’ishyanga n’amategeko yayo byagiye bisimburwa n’itorero hamwe

n’Isezerano Rishya Rikuru. Twirinze kugira icyo twongeramo cyangwa se dukuramo, muri Mat 15:13

na Mariko 12:1-9, Umwami wacu yavuze yuko ishyanga ry’Abayuda nta mwanya rigifite nk’ubwoko

bwihariye bw’Imana; uwo mwanya wafashwe n’umuryango w’Abakristu usohoza intego y’Imana kuri

Isirayeli.” (Waltke 1988: 273, 274-75)

D. Itorero ni ryo bwoko nyakuri, bushya bw’Imana—Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka “Abakristo ba mbere ntibigeze batekereza uburyo itorero ari umuryango ufite amategeko awugenga; bo

bari bazi yuko itorero ari amasigarira y’Abisirayeli babaye abizerwa, bagizwe n’abaragwa b’amasezerano

y’Imana; bari Isirayeli Nshya, abantu bayo na bo bakaba ari abatoranyijwe cyangwa se abo Imana yihiteyemo;

rwari Urusengero rurimo ubwiza bw’Imana butuwemo n’Umwuka, wari umubiri wa Kristo, icyaremwe gishya

kiri hejuru y’ubwoko, urwego umuntu abarizwamo muri sosiyete cyangwa se igitsina. Bari umuryango munini

w’abantu, washyizweho mu mateka n’igikorwa cy’Imana ubwayo.” (Davies 1965:46)

1. Kristo atuye “hagati mu” bizera, n' abizera na bo bari “muri Kristo.” Nk’uko Kristo ari We Isirayeli

nshya, y’ukuri, yo kwizerwa, ni na ko bariya bose bafitanye ubumwe na Kristo kubera kwizera kwabo.

• Kristo atuye “hagati mu” bizera (Yoh 14:20; 17:23; Abar 8:10; Abagal 2:20; Abef 3:17;

Abakol 1:27; 1 Yoh 3:24; Ibyah 3:20).

• Abizera na bo bari “muri Kristo” (e.g., Abar 8:1; 12:5; 16: 6, 7, 9-10; 1 Abakor 1:2, 30; 4:10,

15; 15:18, 22; 2 Abakor 1:21; 5:17; 12:2; Abagal 1:22; 3:28; 6:15; Abef 1:3; 2:6, 10; Abafil 1:1; Abakol 1:2; 1 Abates 2:14; 4:16; 1 Tim 3:13; 2 Tim 3:12; Fil 23; 1 Pet 5:14).

• Abizera bafitanye ubumwe na Kristo kubera ukubambwa kwe no ukuzuka kwe (Abagal 2:20;

34

“Ibijyanye n’ejo hazaza ha Isirayeli biravugwa rimwe na rimwe muri Mat 23:39/Lk 13:35, aho amagambo ahanura

ugusenywa kwa Yerusalemu arangirira, ‘Ndababwira yuko mutazambona, uhereye none, ukageza ubwo muzavuga muti

‘Hahirwa uje mu izina ry’Uwiteka”’. Nta cyo abantu bahuriraho ku bijyanye n’insobanuro nyayo ihwanye n’ibi byanditswe,

byaba icy’uko ugukomerwa amashyi byakorewe Yesu nk’umwami byaba bishaka gusobanura uguhinduka kw’Abayuda

bamwe na bamwe, cyangwa se nimba byaba bisobanura ukwemerwa kwe kuzagendana n’ugushidikanya igihe azaba aje

nk’umucamanza. . . . Byari bikwiye kumenyekana na none yuko hari ikijyanye n’ejo hazaza kivugwaho mu buryo

budasobanutse (muzongera kumbona ari uko . . .’), igishingiweho muri ibi kigakora ku gice cya mbere gikuru cy’iyi

nshinga aho gukora ku cya kabiri. Ariko, uko byasobanurwa kwose, nta na kimwe muri ibi [gitanga] ishusho iyo ari yo yose

y’ejo hazaza ha Isirayeli ho mu buryo bwa politike.” (France 1975: 76n.41)


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Abef 2:5-6).

• Itorero ryitwa “umubiri umwe wa Kristo”, abizera na bo, umwe umwe ku giti cye, n’ “ingingo”

z’uwo mubiri (Abar 12:4-5; 1 Abakor 10:17; 12:12-17; Abef 1:22-23; 2:16; 4:4, 12; 5:30;

Abakol 1:18; 3:15).

• Ashingiye ku uburyo na We yatumwe na Se, Yesu yatumye itorero rye ngo bahaguruke bagende

(Mat 16:19; 28:18-20; Yoh 17:18; 20:21, 23).

2. IR rifata ibitekerezo n’amagambo byo mu IK byakoreshejwe mu kuvuga ibya Isirayeli rikabikoresha

ku itorero. Igihe amashusho akoreshwa kuri Isirayeli mu IK akoreshejwe ku bigishwa ba Yesu, biba

bishaka kuvuga yuko bo, nk’ubwoko bushya bw’Imana, basānishwa n’ubwoko bw’Imana bwa kera”

(Goppelt 1982: 109).

• Ubwoko bwatoranyijwe, ubutambyi bw’ubwami, ishyanga ryera,ubwoko Imana yihitiyemo

nk’ubutunzi bwayo. Abef 1:4-5; Abakol 3:12; Tito 2:14; 1 Pet 2:5, 9; Ibyah 1:6; 5:10; bihuze na

Kuva 19:5-6; Guteg 4:20; 7:6-7; 14:2; Yes 43:20-21.

• Ubwoko bw’Imana. Abar 9:22-26; I Pet 2:10; bihuze na Hos 1:10; 2:23. Mu Abar 9:24-26

hejuru y’uko Paulo asubiramo amagambo ya Hoseya, anavuga mu buryo bwihariye yuko Hoseya

(warimo uvuga ibijyanye na Isirayeli) akoresha amagambo ye avuga “twebwe” (bisobanura itorero).

• Abahungu cyangwa se abana b’Imana. Abar 8:14, 16; 9:26; Abagal 3:26; 1 Yoh 3:1-2;

ubihuze na Kuva 4:22; Guteg 14:1.

• Urubyaro (abuzukuruza) ba Aburahamu. Abar 4:13-16; Abagal 3:29; bihuze na Zab 105:6-7.

• “Nzaba Imana yabo, na bo bazaba ubwoko bwanjye. 2 Abakor 6:16; Abaheb 8:10; Ibyah

21:3; bihuze na Itang 17:8; Kuva 6:7; 29:45; Abal 26:12; Yer 7:23; 11:4; 24:7; 30:22; 31:1, 33;

32:38; Ezek 11:19-20; 14:10-11; 36:28; 37:23, 27; Hos 2:23; Zak 8:8; 13:9.

• Umugore w’Imana. Abef 5:25-32; Ibyah 21:9-14; bihuze na Yes 54:4-7.

• Uruugo rw’Imana. Abef 2:19; 1 Tim 3:15; bihuze na Kub 12:7.

• Umukumbi w’Imana. Luka 12:32; Yoh 10:15-16; 1 Pet 5:2-3; bihuze na Ezek 34:12-16. Yesu

“afata ishusho ya Zakariya y’umwungere wakubiswe, akayikoresha kuri We ubwe no ku bigishwa

be nk’ ‘intama zatatanye’ (Mariko 14:27, akoresha amagambo yo muri Zakariya 13:7). Bityo,

umuntu ukomeye wo mu Isezerano rya Kera wa Isirayeli akoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye ku

bigishwa.” (France 1975:69)

• Umurima w’Imana. 1 Abakor 3:9; bihuze Yer 12:10.

• Uburyo ijambo ry’Ikigiriki “ekklēsia” rikoreshwa ku itorero. “Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo qāhāl,

rikunze guhuzwa na ekklēsia muri Septuagint (insobanuro mu Kigiriki ya Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo),

rikoreshwa mu kuvuga Isirayeli mu IK. Nk’ingero nke gusa, turasanga ijambo qāhāl rikoreshwa mu

kuvuga iteraniro cyangwa se ikoraniro rya Isirayeli mu Kuva 12:6, Kubara 14:5, Gutegeka kwa

Kabiri 5:22, Yosuwa 8:35, Ezra 2:64 na Yoweli 2:16. Mu gihe Septuagint ari yo yari Bibiliya

y’Intumwa, uburyo bakoreshaga ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ekklēsia, Septuagint yaryo yari ihwanye na

qāhāl, kuko Itorero ryo mu IR rivuga neza yuko hariho uruhererekane hagati y’Itorero na Isirayeli

yo mu bihe by’IK.” (Hoekema 1979: 215)

• Ugukebwa (nyakuri). Abar 2:28-29; Abafil 3:3; Abakol 2:11; bihuze na Itang 17:9-15; Guteg

30:6; Ibyak 7:51; Abef 2:11; Abafil 3:2.

• Igiti cy’umwelayo. Abar 11:17-24; bihuze na Yer 11:16; Hos 14:6.

• Umuzabibu w’Imana. Yoh 15:1-5; bihuze na Hos 10:1.

• Ubwami bw’abatambyi. 1 Pet 2:5, 9; Ibyah 1:6; 5:10; bihuze na Kuva 19:6; Yes 61:6. “Mu

bihe bya Mose, ishyanga rya Isirayeli ryagizwe ubwami bw’abatambyi (Kuva 19:5-6). Abaheburayo

10:19-25 herekana yuko Abakristu bose bafite amahirwe yagenewe umutambyi mukuru, muri iki

cy’uko bashobora kwinjira Ahera h’Ahera binyuze muri Kristo” (Poythress 1991: 116).

• “Isirayeli y’Imana” Abagal 6:16. Mu IR ryose, aha ni ho honyine aya magambo agaragarira.

Uwo iri jambo rivugaho agirwaho impaka: itorero nk’ikintu kimwe; Abakristu b’Abayuda;

“Isirayeli yose” izakizwa (nk’uko bivugwa mu Abar 11:26 [ubwaryo n’ijambo rigibwaho impaka];

cyangwa se Abayuda bo bagafatwa nk’Abayuda. Dushingiye ku gitekerezo cya Paulo mu gitabo

cyose cy’Abagalatiya, “Isirayeli y’Imana” kumbure yaba ihuye n’Itorero ryose muri rusange

(Abizera b’Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga). “Icy’ingenzi muri Kristo Paulo arimo atangaho

igitekerezo n’umusaraba n’irema rishya; aho kuba ugukebwa. . . . Iyo aya magambo yari kuba

asobanura ubwoko bw’Abayuda, cyangwa se Abakristu b’Abayuda, we ubwe yari kuba arimo

yivuguruza. . . . Ntawashobora kunyura ku ruhande icy’uko Isirayeli y’Imana risobanura ubwoko


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bw’Imana nyakuri (bihabanye na bariya bashingiye ku mahame ya Kiyuda) bwiratira umusaraba

n’ukuvuka ubwa kabiri nk’igikorwa cy’Imana cyo gukiza, aho kwiratira ugukebwa.” (Ramm 1970:

263-64) Ikindi, “Igihe ubutumwa bwo hejuru y’ubundi [mu Abagalatiya] ari buriya bwo

gutandukanya ubwoko bw’Imana hakurikijwe igihugu umuntu akomokamo (3:7-8, 26-29; 4:26-31;

5:2-12), bishobora gusa n’uburyo Paulo yanzura urwo rwandiko avuga kuri bariya bo mu itorero

hashingiwe ku miryango bakomokamo. Iki gitekerezo cyo muri 6:11-18, nk’umwanzuro

w’urwandiko, bisa n’uko ari insanganyamatsiko nkuru-nkuru zarwo.” (Beale 1999b: 205; reba na

none LaRondelle 1983: 108-14; Cole 1989: 235-37; McKnight 1995: 302-04; Longenecker 1990:

297-99)

3. IR rifata ibimenyetso n’ubuhanuzi byo mu IK byari bijyanye na Isirayeli rikabikoresha ku itorero.

a. Ugukebwa. Ugukebwa cyari ikimenyetso cy’isezerano Imana yakoranye na Aburahamu

(Itang 17:9-14). Icyo kimenyetso cyo mu buryo bugaragara cy’inyuma cyerekeza ku kindi

cy’imbere, cyo mu buryo bw’umwuka—“ugukebwa kw’umutima” (reba Guteg 10:16; 30:6;

Yer 4:4). IR rivuga riti, “Ahubwo Umuyuda wo mu mutima ni we Muyuda, kandi gukebwa kwo

mu mutima n’umwuka ntikumeze nk’umubiri, ni kwo gukebwa nyakuri: ūmeze atyo ntashimwa

n’abantu, ahubwo ashimwa n’Imana.” (Abar 2:29). Abafil 3:3 hongeraho havuga hati, kuko

twebwe turi abakebwe gukebwa kwiza, abasenga mu buryo bw’Umwuka w’Imana tukishimira

Kristo Yesu, ntitwiringire iby’umubiri.” Kimwe no mu Abakol 2:11 havuga hati, “Muri We ni

na mo mwakebewe gukebwa kutari ukw’intoki, ahubwo n’ugukebwa kuva kuri Kristo, ni ko

kwiyambura umubiri w’ibyaha bya kamere.”

b. Isezerano Rikuru Rishya. Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, mu umwimerere waryo, ryari rigenewe

“inzu ya Isirayeli n’inzu ya Yuda” (Yer 31:31). Nubwo bimeze bityo, igihe Yesu yasangiraga

n’abigishwa be ameza ya nyuma, yavuze mu magambo atomoye yuko yarimo afungūra ku

mugaragaro Isezerano Rikuru Rishya mu maraso ye (Luka 22:20; reba 1 Abakor 11:25). Mu

Abaheburayo igice cya 8 kugeza ku cya 10, Isezerano Rikuru Rishya rikoreshwa ku itorero.

Abaheb 8:8 hasubiramo amagambo yo muri Yer 31:31 (harimo amagambo “inzu ya Isirayeli

n’inzu ya Yuda”). Abaheb 8:6; 9:15 na 12:24 hose havuga yuko Kristo ari we muhuza

w’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya. Icy’uko “ari” (mu gihe cya none) umuhuza byerekana yuko

Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ryamaze gutangira gukora. Abaheb 9:12-17 havuga yuko amaraso ya

Kristo yemeje anashyiraho akadomo kuri iryo Sezerano. Abaheb 10:15-18 herekeza

amagambo y’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya kuri “twe” [bisobanura Abakristu, itorero]. Mu 2

Abakor 3:5-6 (byandikiwe Itorero ry’i Korinto ryo mu buryo bugari ry’Abanyamahanga),

Paulo avuga yuko “Imana . . . yatubashishije . . . kuba abagaragu b’Isezerano Rishya Rikuru.”

c. Ibyo Ezekiyeli yeretswe ku magufwa yumye n’inkoni zibiri (Ezekiyeli 37). Ibyo Ezekiyeli

yeretswe by’amagufwa yumye asubizwamo ubuzima (Ezek 37:1-14) byasohoye igihe ubwami

bwa Yuda bwari mu bunyage i Babuloni. “Aya magufwa ni ay’ab’inzu ya Isirayeli yose” (Ezek

37:11). Ubu buhanuzi bwatanze isezerano, “Dore ngiye gukingura ibituro byanyu,

mbibakuremo, mwa bwoko bwanjye mwe: nzabagarura mu gihugu cya Isirayeli . . . Kandi

nzabashyiramo umwuka wanjye, mubone kubaho” (Ezek 37:12, 14). Iyerekwa rijyanye

n’inkoni zibiri (Ezek 37:15-28), zerekanaga inzu ya Yuda n’inzu ya Isirayeli, na ryo ryaje icyo

gihe nyene. Muri ubwo buhanuzi Imana yemeye “mbagire inkoni imwe…nzabagira ubwoko

bumwe mu gihugu . . . Umugaragu wanjye Dawidi, azaba umwami wabo; bose bazaba bafite

umwungeri umwe: . . . Maze kandi nzasezerana na bo isezerano ry’amahoro, ribabere

isezerano ry’iteka ryose, . . . kandi nzaba Imana yabo na bo babe ubwoko bwanjye” (Ezek

37:19, 22, 24, 26-27). N’ubwo Isirayeli yamaze imyaka 70 mu bunyage i Babuloni mbere yo

gusubira mu gihugu cyayo, ubuhanuzi bw’ “amagufwa yumye” bwerekeza ku isohozwa ryo mu

buryo bw’umwuka aho kuba iry’umubiri, kubera yuko igihe Ezekiyeli yaronkaga iryo yerekwa,

mu buryo bufatika, ishyanga ntiryari ryarapfuye, ahubwo ryariho, n’ubwo ryari “ryaratabwe” i

Babuloni. Abefeso 2 hahura neza na Ezekiyeli 37 Robert Suh (2007: 723-24) arabisobanura: Ezekiyeli 37

37:1-10—Kugarura mu buzima amagufwa yapfuye

37:11-14—Ibisobanuro

37:15-23—Guteranirizwa hamwe kwa Isirayeli na Yuda

37:24-28—Gutegereza kwubakwa kw’ubuturo bushya

bw’Imana munsi y’ubutware bumwe bwa Dawidi

Abefeso 2

2:1-7—Kuzura abapfuye bazize ibyaha byabo

2:8-10—Ibisobanuro

2:11-18—Uguteranirizwa hamwe kw’Abayuda

n’Abanyamahanga

2:19-22—Gutegereza kwubakwa kwa nyuma kw’ubuturo

bw’Imana bushya munsi y’ubutware bwa Kristo

Uburyo Paulo ahindura ubu buhanuzi bufite ihuriro rinini n’ibindi bice by’Isezerano Rishya,


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aho amasezerano yahawe Isirayeli na Yuda yahawe Itorero rigizwe n’Abayuda

n’Abanyamahanga (reba Abar 9:22-33; Abaheb 8:8-13). Ibi byashimangiwe mu gitabo

cy’Ibyahishuwe. Ibyah 7:15 havuga abantu benshi umuntu atabasha kubara “mu Rusengero

rwayo” aho Iyicaye ku ntebe “izababambaho ihema ryayo.” Iyo mirongo n’ “ishusho

isobanutse y’ubuhanuzi bwavugaga ku uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli muri Ezek. 37:26-28. . . .

Ihuriro na Ezekiyeli yemezwa uhereye ku byanditswe mu Ibyah 21:3, aho Ezek. 37:27

hakoreshwa mu buryo bwuzuye kurushiriza kandi igahita ikurikizwa muri 21:4, 6b na bya

byanditswe byo mu Isezerano rya Kera byo muri 7:16-17. Na none, umubare utabarika

w’abantu bari mu itorero bacunguwe bafatwa nk’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi buvuga ku

uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli kwo mu bihe bya nyuma. Uburyo Ezek. 37:27 hakoreshwa ku itorero

bigeraho bigahagarara kuko Ezekiyeli ashimangira icy’uko igihe ubu buhanuzi buzasohorera,

ikizakurikiraho n’uko ‘maze amahanga azamenya yuko ari jye Uwiteka weza Isirayeli, igihe

ubuturo bwanjye bwera buzaba hagati muri bo iteka ryose’ (37:29). Nuko rero, Ezekiyeli 37

bwari ubuhanuzi buvuga kuri Isirayeli iyoborwa n’imiryango cyangwa se Isirayeli iyoborwa

n’Imana, bihabanye n’uburyo amahanga abifata, ibyo Yohana afata nk’uko byasohoreye ku

itorero. . . . Ikoreshwa ry’ubu buhanuzi bwa Isirayeli ku itorero bisobanuka neza igihe usomye

muri Ezek. 37:27 aho Isirayeli ivugwaho nk’ ‘ubwoko bwanjye [bw’Imana]’ ibi na byo bikaba

bihwanye n’insanganyamatisko iri mu magambo yose agize Ezek 37:27 ahura n’ibiri mu Ibyah.

21:3; ibi na byo bikaba bikoreshwa mu gusobanura itorero.” (Beale 1999a: 440-41)

d. Ubuhanuzi bwa Hoseya buvuga ku uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli (Hos 2:23). Mu gitabo

cy’umuhanuzi Hoseya, Imana iravuga iti, “Nzabwira abatāri ubwoko bwanjye nti, ‘muri

ubwoko bwanjye!’” (Hos 2:23) Ibiri muri aya magambo byavugaga kuri Isirayeli. Paulo (Abar

9:25-26) kimwe na Petero (1 Pet 2:10) bombi basubiramo uwo murongo kandi bawerekeza ku

itorero, na cyane-cyane ihamagarwa ry’Abanyamahanga mu itorero.

e. Ubuhanuzi bwa Yoweli bwo gusuka Umwuka Wera (Yoweli 2:28-32). Mu buhanuzi bwa

Yoweli, Imana yasezeranije “nzasuka umuwka wanjye ku bantu bose” (Yoweli 2:28).

Hakurikijwe uburyo ubu buhanuzi buhagaze, Imana yarimo ivuga kuri Isirayeli gusa (Yoweli

2:27; 3:1-2). N’ubwo bimeze bityo, ku Munsi wa Pentekoti, Petero yasubiye mu magambo

y’ubwo buhanuzi, avuga cyane-cyane yuko busohoreye mu gusuka Umwuka Wera ku bizera

Yesu Kristo, yatumye bavuga mu zindi ndimi (Ibyak 2:14-21). Yoweli 2:32 havuga yuko

bariya “i Siyoni n’i Yerusalemu” bazambaza izina ry’Uwiteka” bazakira urubanza rw’Imana.

Abaheb 12:22 havuga yuko abari muri Kristo “ahubwo mwegereye umusozi wa Siyoni

n’ururembo rw’Imana ihoraho, Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru” (reba na none Abagal 4:21-31). Abar

10:13 hasubira mu magambo yo muri Yoweli 2:32 kandi hakavuga kuri Yesu no ku ukubwiriza

ubutumwa bwiza.

f. Ubuhanuzi bwa Amosi buvuga ku “nzegura ihema rya Dawidi ryaguye” (Amosi 9:11-12).

Ubuhanuzi bwa Amosi bujyanye n’ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli nyuma y’iteka Imana

yayiciriyeho n’uburyo Isirayeli yajyanywe mu bunyage (Amosi 9:7-10, 13-15). Igihe Inama

Nkuru y’Itorero i Yerusalemu yateranaga mu Ibyakozwe 15, ikibazo cyizweho cyari icyo

kumenya nimba byari ngombwa yuko Abanyamahanga bahindukiriye Yesu binyuze mu

ukwizera bakebwa mu buryo bwo gukurikiza Amategeko ya Mose. Mu gushyigikira yuko

badahatwa kubikora, mu Ibyak 15:13-19, Intumwa Yakobo yasubiye mu magambo yo muri

Amosi 9:11-12 avuga yuko ubwo buhanuzi butari bwerekeye ugucungurwa kwa Isirayeli

cyangwa se ukwubaka bushya intebe y’ubwami ya Dawidi cyangwa se ihema rya Isirayeli,

ahubwo ryasohoreye mu bijyanye n’uko Abanyamahanga babaye bamwe mu bagize itorero.

“Ishusho ry’ukwegura ihema rya Dawidi ryaguye rihuye n’ibihe bya Mesiya bivugwa muri Yes

11:1. Igitsina cya Yesayi kizashibuka. Kizaba ikimenyetso ku mahanga. Amahanga azifuza

kubona icyo kimenyetso. [Na none kandi] ihema rya Dawidi rizunamurwa kugira ngo abandi

bantu na bo bashake Uwiteka.” (Robertson 1988: 105) Kubera ibyo, “Abanyamahanga barimo

babona izina ry’Imana ryandikwa kuri bo, bisobanura yuko ihema rya Dawidi ribwirizwa

kuzaba ryarunamuwe” (Ibid.: 107).

4. Yesu ashinga itorero rye ku rufatizo rw’abigishwa be 12/intumwa ze 12 n’ikimenyetso cy’uko yarimo

ashyiraho Isirayeli nshya yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Yesu atoranya abigishwa 12/intumwa 12 (Mat

10:1-2; Mariko 3:13-19; Luka 6:12-26) ni ikimenyetso cy’imiryango cumi n’ibiri ya Isirayeli. “Ni bo

babaye urufatizo rwo gushyiraho imiryango cumi n’ibiri mishya, baba na none abayiserukira” (Goppelt

1982: 108). Yakobo arabyemeza igihe atangira urwandiko rwe n’aya magambo, “Ndabandikiye


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mwebwe abo mu miryango cumi n’ibiri y’abatatanye” (Yak 1:1). Bigaragara neza yuko urwo rwandiko

yarwandikiye Abakristu (reba Yak 2:1). “Mu gukoresha amagambo [ai dōdeka phulai: “imiryango

cumi n’ibiri”], umwanditsi areba ku bagenewe uru rwandiko nka Isirayeli y’ukuri. Itorero ni ryo

ryabaye mwene iki cyubahiro, kuko cyari igikorwa cya Mesiya cyo kurema bushya ya miryango cumi

n’ibiri (Yer 3:18; Ezek 37:19-24; Zab 17:28); Abakristu na bo bakibona nka bo ba samuragwa

b’agakiza kagenewe Abayuda (Abaroma 4; 1 Abakor. 10:18; Abagal. 4:21-31; Abafil. 3:3).” (Davids

1982: 63) Yesu ntiyivugaho nk’umwe muri abo cumi na babiri, ahubwo avuga yuko ari We mutwe

wabo.35

a. Muri Mat 19:27-28 Yesu avuga ati, “Mu gihe cyo guhindura byose ngo [bibe bishya] ubwo

umwana w’umuntu azicara ku ntebe y’icyubahiro cye, namwe muzicara ku ntebe cumi n’ebyiri

mucire imanza imiryango cumi n’ibiri y’Abisirayeli” (reba na none Luka 22:29-30). Ikijyanye

n’ “Umwana w’Umuntu” gikomoza kuri Dan 7:13. “Muri Daniyeli 7, Isirayeli ‘abera

b’Isumbabyose’ [Dan 7:22, 27] ni yo yakira ubwami kandi igategeka amahanga, mu gihe Yesu

We ashimangira yuko ba bigishwa cumi na babiri ari bo bazacira imanza ya miryango cumi

n’ibiri ya Isirayeli”. Iri hererekanya-bubasha rivuga muri make umurimo w’abigishwa ku

bijyanye n’uburyo iby’umwuka bihagaze no ku bizasohora ku Bisirayeli mu bihe bya nyuma.”

(Schnabel 2002: 45) Hejuru y’ibyo, igihe agaruka kuri bamwe Cumi na Babiri bazacira imanza

Isirayeli “bishobora kuba bivuga ku kuri bamwe Cumi na Babiri bazagira uruhare mu ugucira

imanza abatizera bo muri Isirayeli bayobowe na Yesu aho kuba ubutegetsi bwo mu buryo

runaka hejuru y’ubwoko bwa Isirayeli buzaba buhari icyo gihe. Iyi mvugo n’iyo mu buryo

bw’amashusho, ariko icyo kimenyetso cyerekeza ku muryango w’abantu uhuye na ya miryango

cumi n’ibiri ya Isirayeli. Yesu arimo avuga mu magambo akarishye yuko Isirayeli ya kera irimo

isātira ku ugucirwa imanza, kandi yuko ukwo guca imanza kuzashyirwa mu maboko ya bariya

bahamagawe na We kuba abigihswa be ba bugufi. Ibisobanuro by’ibi n’uko hazabaho icyo

tuzashobora kwita Isirayeli nshya.” (Marshall 1992: 123)

b. Ku marembo cumi n’abiri ya Yerusalemu Nshya handitswe “amazina y’imiryango cumi

n’ibiri ya Isirayeli” (Ibyah 21:12), ariko imfatizo z’urwo rurembo (Yerusalemu) zifite imfatiro

“cumi n’ebyiri zanditsweho amazina y’intumwa cumi n’ebyiri y’intumwa z’Umwana w’Intama”

(Ibyah 21:14). “Muri aba bizera uwo Yesu ni mo hakomerezwa ‘ubwoko bw’Imana’.

Amarembo cumi n’abiri ya Yerusalemu Nshya yahawe amazina y’imiryango cumi n’ibiri ya

Isirayeli’, ariko imfatizo cumi n’ebyiri y’urwo rurembo yahawe amazina y’ ‘intumwa cumi

n’ebyiri z’Umwana w’Intama’ (21:12-14). Yohana arimo ashimangira ubumwe bukenewe

hagati ya Isirayeli yo mu Isezerano rya Kera n’abigihswa ba Yesu n’intumwa ze. Aho kubaho

ugusenywa kwa ‘Isirayeli’ nk’uko byabaye kera, mu buryo bw’ubushizi bw’amanga, hariho

ukugezwa ku byo yagenewe.” (Walker 1996: 239)

c. Intumwa na zo ubwazo bamenye neza insobanuro y’umubare “12”:

• Mu Ibyak 1:12-26 banzuye bavuga yuko ari ngombwa ko icyuho cyatewe na Yuda

Isikariyoti nk’intumwa kizibwa.

• N’ubwo Paulo yari intumwa (reba, urugero, Abar 1:1; 1 Abakor 1:1; 9:1), IR (na

Paulo ubwe) ryemeza itandukaniro riri hagati y’icyo kuba intumwa cya Paulo na bamwe

“Cumi na Babiri” (reba Ibyak 6:2; 1 Abakor 15:5, 8). Ibi bishobora kuba bihuye

n’icy’uko, ubwa mbere na mbere, umurimo wa Paulo wari uwo ku Banyamahanga (reba

Ibyak 19:15; 13:46; 18:6; Abagal 1:16; 2:7), mu gihe, mu buryo bugaragara na none,

Petero we, wari umuyobozi n’umuvugizi wa bamwe Cumi na Babiri, ubwa mbere na mbere

yari intumwa ku Bayuda (reba Abagal 2:7-8).

E. Kimwe na Isirayeli Nshya, Nyakuri, kandi yo mu buryo bw’Umwuka, Itorero rihura n’ibigeragezo

bihwanye n’ibyo Isirayeli yo mu IK yahuye na byo mu buryo bufatika ku bijyanye no guhora ari abizerwa 1. Kimwe na Isirayeli nshya, nyakuri, kandi yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, itorero rihamagarirwa kurinda

ugutungana kwaryo imbere y’Uwiteka. “Mu guhanga amaso kuri Yesu nka We sohozwa

35

Mu mibanire yabo yo mu buryo bw’amashusho, Itorero riri hejuru ya Isirayeli. Ibi bigaragarira muri iki kijyanye n’uko

Itorero rizacira imanza imiryango cumi n’ibiri ya Isirayeli (Mat 19:27-28; Luka 22:29-30) kandi rigizwe n’abantu bo mu

moko yose, b’indimi zose, bo mu mahanga yose n’amoko yose yo mu isi (Ibyah 5:9; 7:9). Bigaragarira no mu mvuggo

yakoreshejwe muri Mariko 3:14 igihe Kristo “yatoranya” bamwe cumi na babiri. Inkomōko y’ijambo “atoranya”

n’ijmabo ry’Ikigiriki ryitwa “epoiēsen,” rihuye n’inkomoko y’ijambo “yaremye” mu Itang 1:1, LXX. Mu yandi

magambo, Kristo yarimo arema ubwoko bw’Imana bushya kandi bwo ku urwego rw’isi.


71

ry’imigenderanire ishingiye ku isezerano, IR rifite ubushobozi bwo gutorera igisubizo impaka iri mu IK

hagati y’ ‘ubugwaneza bw’Imana n’uburyo ari Imana ikara’, nk’uko Paulo abivuga mu Abaroma 11:22.

Isirayeli yabonye izi mpande zombi: Ubugwaneza bw’Imana bwatumye bahinduka ‘Isirayeli’, n’uburyo

Imana ikara kubera yuko bakomeje bari ‘Yakobo’ utacunguwe. Ubu na ho, aho kuba Itorero, Yesu

akaba ari We usohoza imibanire ishingiye ku isezerano, itorero rihura n’ibisabwa bimwe n’ibyo Isirayeli

yasabwaga ku bijyane no kugendera mu ngeso nziza, ‘kwica ikijyanye na kamere y’isi kiri muri wowe,

ingeso mbi zishingiye ku busambanyi, ukudatungana, ukwifuza, ukurigira, n’ukurarikira ari byo

gusenga ibigirwamana’ (Abakol 3:5). Paulo azi neza yuko itorero na ryo rihura n’icyaha cyo gusenga

ibigirwamana nk’uko byajya bigendera Isirayeli igihe bajya bakora mu buryo bwihishe ibigengwa

n’irari mu mwanya w’ugukora ibirangwa n’urukumbuzi n’urukundo ku Mana. Mu mitima yabo,

Abakristu babayeho batekereza ku mpaka hagati ya Isirayeli na Yakobo kugeza igihe ugucungurwa

kuzazira (Abar. 8:23, etc.).” (Motyer 2000: 596)

2. Imibabaro n’ugutotezwa s’ibimenyetso bigaragaza yuko Imana yahannye itorero, ahubwo

n’ibimenyetso by’uko Imana irimo yeza urusengero rwayo rushya. Nk’uko Petero abivuga, muri 1 Pet

4:12-19, abizera ‘bari bakwiye kumenya yuko imibabaro bahura na yo muri iki gihe—aho kuba

ikimenyetso cy’uko Imana yahebye itorero ryayo cyangwa se ko ibyiringiro byubatse ku ukuzuka kwa

Kristo—n’ikindi kimenyetso cy’uko Abakristu ari urusengero rushya rw’Imana, aho Umwuka Wera aba

kandi ko aho ni mo ubwiza bwayo bukaze burimo bweza kandi bukomeza ubuturo bwayo. . . . Ibibazo

abantu bahura na byo none n’uburyo bwo gutaha ku mugaragaro umubatizo wa Mesiya wo mu buryo

bw’Umwuka n’umuriro (Luka 3:16-17), iki na cyo ni cyo cyeza abo bose bitirirwa izina rya Mesiya

kugira ngo bazishime igihe cy’ihishurwa ry’icyubahiro; icyo na cyo kandi kikazakongora abanzi be (2

Abates 1:7-8—aha na ho, kimwe no kuri 1 Pet 4:17, abanzi na bo bavugwaho nka bariya batubaha

ubutumwa). Uhereye kuri iyi nzira nyene, ukubabazwa kubera izina rya Kristo byahinduye inzira

y’ibyishimo, impamvu yo gushima uburyo Umwuka w’icyubahiro n’Umwuka w’Imana hagati mu ahera

h’urusengero hashya kandi hafite ubugingo.” (Johnson 1986: 291, 293)

V. Kristo n’Itorero Basohoza kandi Batsimbura Urusengero

Mu nyigisho ze zihambaye ziri mu Ibyakozwe 7, Sitefano avuga yuko ihema ry’ibonaniro n’urusengero

byari ingero cyangwa se ibicucu by’iby’ukuri byari gukurikiraho kuko “Isumbabyose itaba mu mazu yubatswe

n’amaboko y’abana b’abantu” (Ibyakozwe 7:44-50). Ubu none muri Kristo, ibyo by’ukuri byaje kugaragara;

bityo ingero cyangwa se ibicucu byahise bikurwaho. Bityo, Abaheb 9:1-2, 11-12, 24 havuga ibitandukanye

cyane n’ihema ry’ibonaniro/urusengero kuko byari “kopi” isanzwe y’iby’ukuri (Kristo n’ijuru): “Isezerano rya

mbere na ryo rifite imihango y’ubutambyi, rifite n’ahera h’iyi si. 2 kuko hariho ihema ribanzirizwamo . . .

11Ariko

Kristo amaze kuza, ahinduka umutambyi mukuru w’ibyiza bizaza, anyura mu ihema rirusha rya rindi gukomera

no gutungana rwose, ritaremwe n’intoki; ibyo n’ukuvuga ngo: ritari iryo muri iri remwa. 12

Kandi ntiyinjijwe

Ahera cyane n’amaraso y’ihene cyangwa se n’ay’ibimasa, ahubwo yahinjijwe rimwe n’amaraso ye, amaze

kutubonera gucungurwa kw’iteka . . .24

Kuko atinjiye ahera haremwe n’intoki, hāsuraga ha handi h’ukuri,

ahubwo yinjiye mu ijuru ubwaho, kugira ngo none ahagarare imbere y’Imana ku ubwacu.” Nuko Yesu aravuga,

ati, “Igihe kizaza ubwo batazaba bagisengera Data kuri uyu musozi cyangwa se i Yerusalemu . . . [ariko] igihe

kirashitse ndetse kirasohoye, ubwo abasenga by’ukuri basengera Data mu ukuri no mu umwuka” (Yoh 4:21-

23).

A. Yesu ni We Rusengero Nyakuri “Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ryo ku isi ryari ishusho cyangwa se igicucu cy’ubuturo bw’Imana nyakuri bwo mu

ijuru (Abaheburayo 8:5; 9:24). Ryerekanaga icyo Imana iri n’icyakorwa mu kurwanya icyaha. Bityo, ryerekana

icyo Mesiya yari gukora kugira ngo tubone agakiza. . . . Igicucu cyagumye ari gito ugereranyije n’umwimerere

nyakuri w’ibintu. Ihema ry’ibonaniro ryo ku isi ryari ryubatswe mu bikoresho by’isi kandi ntabwo ubwiza

bwaryo bwigera bungana n’ubwiza cyangwa se ukwera kw Imana yo mu ijuru. Ibitambo byo ku isi by’amapfizi

n’ihene nta bwo byigera bingana n’amaraso ya Kristo, yatwejejeho ibyaha byacu iteka ryose. . . . Ibi bivuga

yuko ihema ry’ibonaniro ryari igicucu cy’uburyo Kristo azahinduka umuntu akaza agatura hagati muri twe.

‘Jambo yahindutse umuntu abana natwe kumara igihe [ihema ry’ibonaniro]’ [Yohana 1:14]. . . . [Harimo

n’uguha icyubahiro inyubako ya Salomo, urusengero rwari rufite ubuturo buhoraho bw’Imana i Yerusalemu]

Mbese Salomo yari ahagarariye igicucu kimeze gite? Ni kubera iki, igikorwa cya Kristo cyari ngombwa?

Salomo yari umwana wo mu rubyaro rwa Dawidi, urwo rubyaro rwerekeje kuri Mesiya. Yubatse ubuturo

bw’Imana, ibyo byari igicucu cya Kristo yubaka itorero rye (Matayo 16:18), ni na We Buye ry’imfuruka

(Abefeso 2:20) cyangwa se urufatizo (1 Abakorinto 3:11). Kristo ntiyubaka ku musozi Siyoni wo ku isi ahubwo

yubaka ku musozi wo mu ijuru: ‘Ariko mwebwe ho [Abakristu] mwageze ku Musozi Siyoni, kuri Yerusalemu


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yo mu ijuru, ururembo rw’Imana ihoraho’ (Abaheburayo 12:22).” (Poythress 1991: 12-14)

1. Yesu, atari Urusengero, yabaye ubuturo bumwe gusa bw’Imana ngaha ku isi.

• Yesu yiswe “Imanweli” risobanura ngo “Imana kumwe natwe” (Mat 1:23).

• Yoh 1:14 avuga ati, “Jambo yahindutse umuntu abana natwe.” Ijambo “abana” n’uburyo bw’

izina “ihema” cyangwa se “ihema ry’ibonaniro” (mu magambo y’umwimerere bisobanura

“yahemye” [ihema] hagati muri twe).

• Nk’uko Imana yuzuye Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero (Kuva 40:34-38; Kub 9:15-23; 1

Abami 8:10-11; 2 Ingoma 5:11-14; 7:1-2), ni na ko Umwuka Wera yamanukiye kuri Yesu ku

mugaragaro, akamwuzura (Mat 3:16-17; Mariko 1:10-11; Luka 3:21-22; Yoh 1:32-34). Yesu

yayoborwaga n’Umwuka kandi yari yuzuye Umwuka (Mat 4:1; Mariko 1:12; Luka 1:15; 4:1).

Bitandukanye n’uko Imana yageze aho ikava mu Rusengero, Umwuka Wera we yagumanye na

Yesu (Yoh 1:32-33) kugeza igihe yamurekuriye ku musaraba (Luka 23:46). Umwuka yubahisha

Yesu (Yohana 16:14). Yesu afite ububasha bwo kwohereza Umwuka Wera kuza gutura mu

bigishwa be (Yoh 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7).

2. Yesu yasohoje umurimo w’Urusengero mu buryo bugari cyane kuruta uko byaba byarigeze gukorwa

igihe cy’imihango yo mu Rusengero.

a. Yesu yari afite ububasha bumwe gusa bwo guharira ibyaha by’abantu ubwabyo, bidakeneye

kunyura mu gutanga igitambo icyo ari cyo cyose, cyangwa se ngo bagire uruhare mu mihango

iyo ari yo yose yakorerwa mu Urusengero rwo mu Isezerano rya Kera (reba Mat 9:2-6; Mariko

2:1-12; Luka 5:17-25; 7:40-50; Yoh 8:1-11). “Urugero, ikirema cyamanuwe mu gisenge

n’inshuti ze zine, hejuru yo gukira, yababariwe ibyaha. Ibi byarakaje abayobozi kuko ibi byari

gukorerwa mu Rusengero honyine; bityo yarimo yerekana ko ari We Rusengero rw’ukuri (Yoh

2:18-22).” (Gentry 2010: 39) “Mu uburyo busa n’ubwo, akoresheje ubutware bwe bwite

n’inzira ye, Yesu yahaye abahindutse ibyaremwe bishya kuba abana b’Imana kubera Isezerano

Rikuru akoresheje ubutware bwe n’inzira ye. . . . Mu bubasha bwe bwite, Yesu yatangaje yuko

Zakayo ari we mwana w’Aburahamu w’ukuri, kandi ko ‘uyu munsi’ agakiza kageze mu nzu ye

[Luka 19:1-10]. Mu yandi magambo, icyo Zakayo yari kuba yararonse kubera yabaye mu

mihango y’idini yo gutanga ibitambo, Yesu yabimuhaye ako kanya. . . . Icyatumye icyo kintu

kibonwa nk’igiteye isoni s’uko Abayuda bo mu gihe cya Yesu barwanyaga ibjyanye no guharira

ibyaha, urukundo, ubuntu, n’ibindi, ahubwo n’uko batari biteze yuko impano be n’izi zashobora

kuboneka ahandi hantu keretse hagati mu Rusengero no mu mihango y’idini… Guharirwa

ibyaha wari umugisha wari witezwe mu bihe bizaza; nimba Isirayeli ijyanywe mu bunyage

kubera ibyaha byayo, bityo guharirwa ibyaha kwayo kuzagaragarira mu kugarurwa mu gihugu

kwayo: Kugaruka ku Mana, kugaruka bava mu bunyage. Igikorwa n’ikimenyetso bya Yesu

byerekanaga yuko iki kimenyetso cyo kugaruka ubu noneho cyabaye impamo. . . . Kandi,

uhereye igihe Yesu yavugaga yuko atanga umutima mushya [nk’uko byasezeranywe mu

Isezerano Rikuru Rishya (reba haruguru, KRISTO N’ITORERO NK’ISOHOZWA RY’IK,

igice cya II.C. Isezerano Rikuru Rishya risohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero)], umugisha

w’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya aho abantu bazaho bagakomeza Shema [Guteg 6:4-9] binyuze mu

gukunda Imana na mugenzi wabo . . . bivuga yuko, kuri Yesu, igice cy’ubwami yavuga yuko

yarimo ataha ku mugaragaro cyari kuza kizananye ibyo Urusengero rwashobora gutanga, bityo

bigatuma ikimenyetso cya Isirayeli gihambaye gitakaza imbaraga.” (Wright 1996: 257, 434-35)

Bityo, binyuze mu gitambo cye Ubwe, Yesu ahora atwikira ibyaha by’abantu bakomoka mu

“ugacungurira Imana abo mu miryango yose no mu ndimi zose no mu moko yose no mu

mahanga yose” (Ibyah 5:9; reba Abaheb 9-10). Icyo ibitambo n’imihango byakorerwaga mu

Rusengero kwari uguhisha ibyaha bya Isirayeli gusa kandi byari iby’igihe gito.

b. Mu Abar 9:4-5 Paulo atangaza yuko Yesu ari hejuru y’indi migisha n’amahirwe yose ya

Isirayeli harimo n’ibijyanye no kuramya byakorerwaga mu rusengero. Mu Abar 9:4

“Gukora” (hē latreia) “bisa n’imirimo yakorerwaga mu Rusengero’ (so NASB, NASB update)

cyangwa se ‘Ukuramya kwabera mu Rusengero’ (NEB, NIV), ibi biruta insimuro idasobanutse

‘Ukuramya’ RSV, NAB, na NRSV” (Sweeney 2003: 608n.16). Bityo, hejuru y’uko Yesu yari

igitambo gitunganye cyatambiwe ibyaha, ariko na none n’umutambyi mukuru utunganye mu

Rusengero nyakuri (Abaheb 2:17; 4:14-5:10; 7:1-8:6; 10:11-22).

c. Intebe y’Ihongerero. LXX (Insimuro ya Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo mu Kigiriki, izwi ku izina

rya Septuagint, yakoreshwaga ku isi mu bihe bya Yesu; kandi amagambo yayo akunze

gukoreshwa mu IR) isobanura ijambo “intebe y’ihongerero” (umufundikizo w’Isandugu


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y’Isezerano mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusenegro, wamijagiweho amaraso y’igitambo

cyatangiwe icyaha ku Munsi w’Ihongerero), nka “hilastērion” (Kuva 25:17; LXX reba na none

Abaheb 9:5 iki kivuga intebe y’ihongerero nka hilastērion). Mu Abar 3:25, izina ry’igitambo

cya Yesu ku musaraba ni “umufundikizo’ (cyangwa se “igitambo cyo gutwikira”—NIV).

Ijambo rikoreshwa mu kuvuga “ugupfundikira” ni hilastērion.

3. Yesu ashimangira ububasha bwe n’uburyo ari hejuru y’Urusengero.

a. Muri Mat 12:6 Yesu yavuze ati, “Ndababwira yuko ūruta urusengero ari hano.” Yesu “aruta

urusenegro” kuko urusengero rwari inyubako yubatswe n’abantu, yerekeza ku Mana n’isi

n’amajuru byaremwe na Yo. Ku rundi ruhande, Yesu n’Imana Ubwayo, ni na We waremye isi

n’amajuru kandi akaba ari na We ubishyigikira (Abaheb 1:1-3). “Urusengero rwa Isirayeli rwa

mbere, rwo mu buryo bufatika rwari igicucu cyo mu buryo bugaragara cya Kristo n’ubwoko

bwe nk’urusengero. Mwibuke yuko icya mbere urusengero rwari rwerekejeho hari ahantu

icyubahiro cy’ubwiza bw’Imana cyari cyerekewe ubwoko bwe ku isi. Ubu rero, uwo Yesu,

wahageze nk’Imana, yahindutse umuntu, kandi yabaye ahantu ubwiza bw’Imana

bwagaragarizwaga ku isi.” (Beale 2004:276)

b. Muri Yoh 1:51 Yesu yavuze ati, “N’ukuri n’ukuri ndababwira yuko muzabona ijuru

rikingutse, abamarayika b’Imana bazamuka, bavuye ku Umwana w’Umuntu

bakamumanukiraho.” Ibi birimo byerekeza ku byanditswe mu Itang 28:12 aho inzu

y’agateganyo ya Yakobo yabaye urwibutso rw’ihuriro hagati y’ijuru n’isi. Iki cyari ikimenyetso

cyaje kibanziriza Urusengero, aho ubwiza bw’Imana mu ijuru bwahuzwa n’isi. Yesu yivugaho

nka rwa rwego rwo mu Itangiriro 28 n’uburyo bundi bwo kuvuga yuko We, aho kuba

Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu, ni We wa mbere uhuza ijuru n’isi.

c. Muri Yoh 4:21-26, Yesu yongeye kwemeza yuko ari We ukomeza ukuramya Imana kw’ukuri,

aho kuba Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu. Umugore w’Umusamariya yari yabajije nimba

urusengero rukwiriye gusengerwamo ari urw’i Yerusalemu cyangwa se urwo ku musozi wa

Gerizimu (Yoh 4:20). Muri Yoh 4:22, Yesu yavuze ati, “Musenga icyo mutazi, ariko twebwe

dusenga icyo tuzi, kuko agakiza gakomoka mu Bayuda.” Mu yandi magambo, ubu, hakurikijwe

amategeko ya Mose, urusengero nyarwo n’urw’i Yerusalemu. Ariko muri Yoh 4:21, 23, Yesu

yavuze ati, “Ariko igihe kiraje ndetse kirasohoye, ubwo abasenga by’ukuri basengera Data mu

Umwuka no mu ukuri.” Iyo arimo avuga ku “gihe” cye mu butumwa nk’uko bwanditswe na

Yohana, yarimo yerekeza ku igihe cy’urupfu rwe ku musaraba (reba Yoh 2:4; 4:21, 23; 5:25,

28; 12:23, 27; 13:1; 16:32; 17:1; reba na none 7:30; 8:20; 16:21). Yarimo avuga yuko, n’ubwo

hari urusengero i Yerusalemu aho abatambyi batambira ibitambo, barimo berekeza byose kuri

We—kandi hari hasigaye akanya gato ngo abe ari We uba igitambo cy’ukuri kizatwikira ibyaha

byose; amaze kubikora, insengero ntizizaba zigikenewe ukundi (kuko ari We rusengero

nyakuri), cyangwa se abatambyi (kuko ari we mutambyi hejuru y’abandi batambyi bose),

cyangwa se ibitambo (kuko ari We gitambo kimwe kizima). Igihe avuga ati, “igihe kizaza ubwo

batazaba bagisengera Data kuri uyu musozi cyangwa se i Yerusalemu” (Yoh 4:21), Yesu

yavugaga yuko uburyo bwose bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera bwo gutamba ibitambo bwarimo

bukurwaho. Uhereye ubu, ukuramya nyakuri gushobora gukorerwa aho ari ho hose ku isi igihe

umuntu azaba afite Yesu.

d. Amagambo ya Yesu ku bijyanye n’uko abigishwa be batiyirizaga n’ibijyanye no gushyira vino

y’umutobe mu mifuka y’impu mishya (Mat 9:14-17; Mariko 2:18-22; Luka 5:33-39) atangaza

ibizaba kandi avuga yuko muri We Urusengero rushya rwongeye kwubakwa bushya. “Ku

Bayuda, kwiyiriza muri ibi bihe ntibyari ibyo kwirinda gusa, ahubwo byari kimwe mu

byakorwaga mu buryo bwo kugaragaza urukundo bafitiye Imana. Byari bijyanye n’ibihe

Isirayeli yarimo icyo gihe: Bari bakiri mu bunyage. Mu by’umwihariko, byari bijyanye no

kwibuka isenywa ry’Urusengero rwabo. Isezerano ryahawe Zakariya yuko kwiyiriza ubusa

bizahinduka iminsi y’umunezero n’ibyishimo, n’ibirori byinshi [Zak 8:19] rigiye guhinduka

ukuri igihe UWITEKA (YHWH) azagarura ubutunzi bw’abantu be. Ibi ni byo byari ibisobanuro

ku magambo [Yesu yavugaga ajyanye n’uburyo abigishwa be batiyirizaga ubusa n’ay’imifuka

mishya y’impu]. Mu yandi magambo, umunsi mukuru urageze kandi nta wanezezwa no kubona

abaje mu bukwe babuze ibyishimo. Ibi s’igice cy’ ‘inyigisho’ ku bijyanye n’ ‘idini’ cyangwa se

‘ingeso nziza’; si n’ugukwirakwiza ukuri kw’igihe kitazwi. Ibi bijyanye n’ibizaba mu bihe bya

nyuma. Ibihe byarasohoye; ubunyage bwararangiye; umukwe ari bugufi. Iki kimenyetso Yesu

yakozeho, kwishima mu mwanya wo kwiyiriza ubusa, gishyira ku mugaragaro amagambo ye


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ahabanye avuga yuko mu gikorwa cye ni mo ibyiringiro bya Isirayeli byarimo bisohorezwa; na

cyane-cyane ko mu gikorwa cye, Urusengero rurimo rwubakwa bushya. Bariya bari

baramenyereye kuba mu bunyage mu buryo batari bagishobora kwumva ubutumwa bwo

kubaturwa; icyo na cyo n’icyagaragaza yuko batari bafite amatwi yo kwumva.” (Wright 1996:

433-34)

4. Yesu yaciriye Urusengero ho iteka.

a. Yesu yirukana abaguriraga mu Rusengero (Mat 21:12-13; Mariko 11:15-18; Luka 19:45-

46; Yoh 2:13-16). Akora ibi, Yesu yifashishije amagambo ari muri Yes 56:7 (“inzu yanjye

izitwa inzu yo gusengerwamo”), ibi na byo n’igice cy’ubuhanuzi (Yes 56:3-8) yuko Imana

izihamagarira Abanyamahanga mu “Rusengero” rwayo (“Umusozi Wera”). Na none,

yasubiyemo amagambo yo muri Yer 7:11 (“isenga ry’abambuzi”) , iri na ryo ni kimwe mu

bigize ijambo riturutse ku Uwiteka (Yer 7:1-11) avuga yuko Imana yabonye uburyo Isirayeli

itigeze ica imanza zitabera, yatoteje abanyamahanga n’abatishoboye, ko yamenye amaraso

atagiraho urubanza, kandi ko yakurikiye izindi mana. Icyo Yesu ashingiyeho n’uko, nk’uko

Imana yanze Urusengero rwa mbere muri 586 MKY (Mbere yo Kuvuka kwa Yesu), kubera

yuko rwari rwarahumanye, bityo byari ngombwa yuko Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu

rusimburwa n’urundi Rusengero rururuta ubunini kubera yuko urwa mbere rwahumanye,

rukaba rutagishoboye kurangura umurimo rwagenewe. “Ku bya Yesaya na Yeremiya, ikibazo

kirasakuza mu buryo bw’uko gishyirwa ku mugaragaro, kuko muri iyi minsi ishize abanditsi

batandukanye bagiye impaka, ku bijyanye n’ugukoresha bushya igitabo cya Zakariya. Icy’uko

Umwami yinjira mu murwa, n’ubutware bwa Yesu hejuru y’Urusengero . . . byibutsa Zakariya

9:9 na 6:12; ukugabishwa kubera igishyitsi gikomeye n’igicucu cy’ibyanditswe muri 14:1-5.

Ikindi, ibi byose bivuga ku bikorwa bikomeye aho UWITEKA (YHWH) azubaka ubwami bwe

rimwe rizima (14:19), icyo gihe Abanyamahanga bazinjira bazanywe no gusenga (14:16-19).

Ku bijyanye n’ibi, byashoboka yuko igikorwa cyavuzwe na Mariko 11:16, aho Yesu yanze

kwemerera uwo ari we wese kujyana ibikoresho byo mu Rusengero (iki na cyo cyari ikintu

kibujijwe mu nzandiko z’abigisha); kandi cyari kimwe mu bigize uruhande rw’inkuru ivuga ku

‘ukweza’ urusengero, kandi, ikiruta ibyo byose n’ikindi kimenyetso kivuga mu buryo

budafututse kuri Zakariya 14:20 (ugakomeza), noneho ‘umunsi’ wageze ku gihe cyawo cyo

gusohora.” (Wright 1996: 422)

b. Mu Mategeko y’IK, uwo wese wari ufite ubumuga ubwo ari bwo bwose ntiyari yemerewe

kwinjira mu Rusengero (Abal 21:16-24). Igihe Yesu yirukanaga abaguraga, “impumyi

n’ibimuga baje ahw ari mu rusengero, arabakiza” (Mat 21:14). Ibi na none bivuga yuko Yesu

yarimo asohoza ubuhanuzi bwa Yes 56:3-8 bwavuga yuko “hazaba ubwoko bushya bw’Imana

“Mu nzu yanjye” mu gihe ubwo buhanuzi bwavugaga yuko inkone zizashobora gusengera

hamwe n’Abanyamahanga. Turabona na none ubwoko bushya bw’Imana nk’uko byahanuwe na

Yesaya muri Yes 56:3-8 bwasohoreye mu Ibyak 8:26-38 igihe inkone y’Umwetiyopiya

yahindutse akakira Kristo akabatizwa, hamwe n’igihe Abanyamahanga bizeraga Yesu Kristo,

igihe abizera Kristo bose, hatarebwe ubumuga cyangwa se indi nenge y’umubiri cyanwa se

ubwoko akomokamo, ubu bakaba ari “abatambyi” muri yo nzu nshya Y’Imana kandi nyakuri

(Abef 2:19-22; 1 Pet 2:5, 9; Ibyah 1:6; 5:10).

c. Kwirukana abaguraga bishobora kuba byabaye bihagaritse ugutangwa kw’ibitambo kubera

ko inzira yo kugura ibikōko no kubitamba yabaye ihagaritswe. Nimba ibi ari ukuri, byavuga

yuko intego y’Urusengero mu gutanga ibitambo by’uguharirwa ibyaha yari irangiye.

“Hatabonetse impiya nyazo, nta buryo bundi bwari busigaye bwatuma abaje gusenga ku giti

cyabo bagura ibikōko byabo byo gutangaho ibitambo. Mu gihe ata bikōko bihari, nta bitambo

biba bikibonetse. Nta bitambo, Urusengero rwamaze gutakaza impamvu yarwo yo kubaho.

Icy’uko Yesu yakoze igikorwa cy’akanya gato cyo guhagarika gutamba ibitambo bijyanye neza

n’igitekerezo cy’igikorwa kigaragaza ishusho. Ntiyarimo agerageza gushyiraho ibishya; yarimo

atanga ishusho y’urubanza. . . . Igikorwa cya Yesu cyari ishusho y’icyo yizera yuko, mu

gusubira i Siyoni, UWITEKA ntazatura mu Rusengero, avuga ibijyanye n’ubuyobozi

bw’urusenegro bwa none, aho rubarizwa n’umurimo warwo mu isi y’Abayuda yo mu buryo

bw’ikimenyetso. . . . Icy’uko Yesu yahagaritse imirimo yo mu rusengero akanya gato byari

ishusho y’uburyo ruzasenywa mu minsi yari imbere.” (Wright 1996: 423-24)

5. Yesu ahanura ibyo gusenywa kw’Urusengero.

a. Muri Mat 21:18-22 (Mariko 11:12-14, 20-24) Yesu avuma igiti cy’umutini. Igiti cy’umutini


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cyari ikimenyetso cy’uko Imana yanze Isirayeli (nk’uko byagenze muri Yer 8:11-13; iki

cyanditswe ni cyo yerekezaho). Uguhebwa kw’Urusengero ni mo guhebwa kwa Isirayeli

bikomoka. Ibi bihura na kimwe Yesu yavugaga ku bijyanye no guterera “uyu musozi” mu

nyanja. Byashoboka yuko “umusozi” waba ari ishusho y’umusozi w’urusengero, mu gihe uwo

wari wo musozi muremure hejuru y’indi yose yari muri Yerusalemu, kandi insobanuro

y’Urusengero n’iy’umusozi rwabaga rwubatseho yari imwe. “Iyi mvugo s’amagambo asobanura

uburyo amasengesho n’ukwizera byashobora gukora ibintu bisa nk’ibyo nko kuvuma ibiti

by’imitini. Iri n’ijambo ryo mu buryo bwihariye rivuga ku urubanza: Umusozi w’Urusengero,

mu buryo bw’ishusho, ugiye guterurwa no kujugunywa mu nyanja.” (Wright 1996: 422)

b. Muri Mat 21:33-46 (Mariko 12:1-12; Luka 20:9-19) Yesu yihakanye Isirayeli n’Urusengero

mu mugani w’Uruzabibu na Nyirarwo. Uwo mugani werekeza kuri Yes 5:1-7. Inzandiko za

mbere zo mu Kiarameya n’Igiheburayo zivuga yuko ubwiza bw’umuzabibu, bwa vino nziza

kuruta izindi zose, cyangwa se bw’umunara buhwanye n’ubw’Urusengero (Beale 2004:183).

Ishusho y’Urusenegro n’ihuriro y’imvugo ijyanye n’ubuhinzi n’ubukorikori bw’abubatsi nk’uko

bivugwa muri uwo mugani. Amagambo Yesu yakoresheje “ibuye abubatsi banze ni ryo

ryahindutse irikomeza imfuruka” (Mat 21:42, ayakura muri Zaburi 118:22) asobanura yuko

“ukwangwa kwa Yesu nk’ ‘ibuye ry’imfuruka’ ry’Urusengero . . . bihwanye n’ukwangwa kwa

Yesu nka We rusengero nyakuri” (Ibid.: 184). Abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya bakurikiyeho

bavuga ko Yesu ari We “buye ry’imfuruka” ryubatsweho Urusengero Rushya, Nyakuri (itorero)

(Ibyak 4:10-11; Abef 2:20-22; 1 Pet 2:4-8 [hasubiramo amagambo yo muri Zab 118:22]).

c. N’ubwo Yesu yemeje ko urusengero ari ubuturo bw’Imana ku isi (Mat 23:21), muri iryo

jambo nyene arwita “inzu yanyu”, yongeraho avuga ati, “muyisigiwe ari umusaka” (Mat

23:38). Ayo magambo avuga yuko, kubera icyaha n’ukutubaha Imana kwa Isirayeli—

byagaragariye mu ukwanga Yesu nka Mesiya wabo—Urusengero nta mumaro rwari rugifite.

Bityo, ntirwari rukiri Urusengero “rw’Imana” kandi igikwiriye n’uko rwasenywa.

d. Yesu yavuze mu buryo bwihariye yuko Yerusalemu n’Urusengero bizasenywa (Mat 24:1-2;

Mariko 13:1-2; Luka 21:20-24; reba na none Mat 26:61; Mariko 14:58; Ibyak 6:13-14). Muri

buri kimwe muri ibi bice, Yesu yavuze yuko ugusenywa kw’urusengero ntaho bihuriye

n’ubwami bwe bwite n’ukuza kwe.

6. Umubiri wa Yesu, na cyane-cyane igihe yazukaga, uhwanye n’Urusengero rushya, nyakuri.

a. Mu buryo bwihariye, Yesu yise umubiri we “urusengero.” Yerekanye itandukaniro riri hagati

y’ugusenywa kw’Urusengero rwo ku isi rw’i Yeruslemu n’ukuzuka kw’umubiri we bwite

(Mariko 14:58; Yoh 2:18-22; reba na none Mat 26:60-61; 27:40; Mariko 14:57-58; 15:29).

b. Inkuru muri Mariko 14:57-58 ivuga ku bigeragezo Yesu yahuye na byo. Iyo nkuru ivuga

yuko bamwe “babeshyeye” Yesu bavuga bati, “Twumvise avuga ati, ‘Nzasemya uru rusengero

rwubatswe n’intoke, nubake urundi mu minsi itatu rutubatswe n’intoke.’” Iki kinyoma kiri muri

iki kirego “gishingiye cyanye-cyane ku kirego cy’uko Yesu ubwe azasenya urusengero rw’i

Yerusalemu” (Walker 1996: 10). Aya magambo ngo, “rwubatswe n’intoke . . . rutubatswe

n’intoke” ashyiraho itandukaniro hagati y’Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu na Yesu: “Ibisobanuro

ku Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu nk’ ‘urwubatswe n’intoke’ (cheiropoiētos) n’inzira ikomeye yo

gufobya agaciro karwo. Ibi byahoze ari uburyo bwo gusuzuguza ibigirwamana by’abapagani

(urugero Zab. 15:4; bijyanye na Yes. 46:6); gusobanura urusengero muri aka kagene byari

ubushotoranyi bukomeye. Muri aya magambo nyene, igishingiweho cyane n’uburyo asobanura

mu buryo butandukanye Urusengero ruzasimbura urwo rwa mbere ruzaba ‘rutubatswe n’intoke

z’umuntu’ (acheiropoiētos). Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu rwari rwashyizweho n’Imana, ariko

Yesu ahanura Urusengero rukozwe mu bundi buryo, rukomoka ku Mana—urwo agereranya

n’Urusengero rwo mu buryo bugaragara rufite ishusho y’urwakozwe n’abantu koko,

‘rwubatswe n’intoke’.” (Ibid.)

c. Abaheb 8:1-2 hahuza mu buryo bwa hafi ukuzuka kwa Yesu n’ihema ry’Ibonaniro. Iki gice

kivuga kuri Yesu “ukorera . . . mu ihema ry’ukuri, iryo abantu batabambye, ahubwo

ryabambwe n’Umwami Imana” (reba na none Abaheb 9:11). Bityo, Urusengero rw’i

Yerusalemu rwari igikorwa kidatunganye cyakozwe n’umwana w’umuntu nk’uko byari

byarahanuwe [2 Sam 7:11-13] yuko uwo mu rubyaro rwa Dawidi azubaka urusengero, ibi na

byo bikaba byasohoreye, mu buryo bwo mu urwego rwo hejuru cyane, mu ukuzuka kwa Yesu”

(Beale 2004: 237).

7. Igihe Yesu yabambwaga “Umwenda ukingiriza Ahera cyane h’urusengero utabukamo kabiri,


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utangirira hejuru ugeza hasi” (Mat 27:51; Mariko 15:38; Luka 23:45). Ugutabuka kw’umwenda

ukingiriza ahera cyane h’urusengero cyari ikimenyetso cy’ugusenywa kw’Urusengero, n’uburyo abantu

babonye umudendezo wo kugera ku Mana banyuze kuri Yesu. Kubera igitambo Yesu yitambye, “ubu

dufite ubushizi bw’ubwoba bwo kwinjizwa Ahera . . . binyuze mu nzira yaduciriye nshya kandi

y’ubugingo inyura mu umwenda ukinze” (Abaheb 10:19-20). Muri Kristo, nta n’umwe ubwirizwa

(cyangwa se ushobora) kugera ku Mana binyuze mu nzira ya Mose y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, iryo

Yesu yatsimbuye.

8. Yesu ni We kuri kw’igicucu cyerekaniwe mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro no mu Urusengero rw’i

Yerusalemu (Abaheb 4:14-5:10; 7:1-10:22). Mu buryo busobanutse, urwandiko rwandikiwe

Abaheburayo ntirwigeze rusubiza amaso inyuma ku “urusengero”, ahubwo rwahoze ruyasubiza ku

“ihema ry’ibonaniro.” Walker avuga impamvu: “Nta ntego na nto umwanditsi w’urwandiko rwandikiwe

Abaheburayo yari afite yo kujugunya ibinengwa ku Urusengero nk’uko rukora ubu ngubu, ahubwo

yarimo ashaka kwumvisha intego nyayo y’Urusengero. Igihe ashyira imbaraga nyinshi ku ‘ihema

ry’ibonaniro’ mu butayu, yavuze yuko, uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu ugusenga, no mu gihe byareberwa

mu buryo bwuzuye kandi butunganye bwo mu gihe cya Mose (mbere yuko icyaha cy’umwana

w’umuntu kigira icyo gihungabanya ku mugambi w’Imana), Imana yavuze yuko muri Kristo ubwo

buryo bwo gusenga butagikenewe. Icyo uwo mwanditsi anenga Urusengero rwa none nta huriro

gifitanye n’impamvu za politike izo ari zo zose cyangwa se ngo bibe bifite isano n’uburyo yaba

atabyishimiye, ahubwo bifite isano n’intego z’Imana zo mu buryo bw’iteka ryose.” (Walker 1996: 207-

08) Yesu ni we kuri kwa nyuma kwo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nta mumaro Imikorere y’Urusengero rwo

mu IK rigifite.

a. Abaheb 4:14-5:10; 7:1-10:22 hatanga ishusho ya Kristo nka We Mutambyi Mukuru, Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro/Urusengero. Ibi bifite insobanuro ikurikira: “Kristo n’Umutambyi-Mwami,

ukuzuka kwe kwabaye intangiriro y’urusengero rw’iminsi ya nyuma, kandi yuko ukuzamuka

kwe mu ijuru byasobanuye yuko umutima w’urusengero wimutse ukava mu isi ukajya mu ijuru,

kandi yuko uzaguma iyo kumara ibi bihe turimo byose. Kristo nk’Umutambyi-Mwami akomeza

gutegeka no gukorera abantu ari mu rusengero rwo mu ijuru.” (Beale 2004: 299)

b. Abaheb 8:1-10:22 hemeza yuko ubuturo bwera nyakuri ari ubwo mu ijuru, ubuturo bwera

bwo mu buryo bw’ishusho na bwo bukaba ari ubwo mu isi. “Abaheburayo 9:8-9 havuga ku

‘ihema ry’ibonaniro’ (bisobanura ahera) nk’ ‘ikimenyetso’ cyangwa se ‘umugani’ w’ihema

ry’ibonaniro ryo mu bihe bya nyuma (urugero muri 9:11) kugira ngo ashimangire yuko ihema

ry’ibonaniro rya mbere ritāri iry’ukuri” (Beale 2004:295).

c. Abaheb 9:11 havuga yuko Kristo “anyura mu ihema rirusha rya rindi gukomera no

gutungana rwose, ritaremwe n’intoki; ibyo n’ukuvuga ngo: ritari iryo mu byaremwe.” 9:12

hongeraho havuga hati yinjiye ahera “n’amaraso ye.” Bityo, “ihema ry’ibonaniro” nyakuri,

ryo mu ijuru rihwanishwa na Yesu Ubwe (bisobanura, n’ amaraso ye”).

d. Abaheb 10:19-20 havuga mu buryo bwihariye yuko “umwenda ukingiriza ahera cyane” [mu

Rusengero] ni “Umubiri we.” IK ryahoze ryerekeza kuri Kristo. “Ni muri Kristo byose

bisohorezwa. Aho kwumva yuko Kristo ari insobanuro y’urusengero, ahubwo Kristo ni we

nsobanuro y’impamvu urusengero rwabayeho. . . . Kristo ni we rusengero nyakuri, ni we mucyo

w’ubwiza, manu nyakuri, vino nyakuri. Igihe ibiri ukuri bisohoye, iby’ishusho bivaho.

Umwenda w’urusengero ukingiriza ahera cyane wakozwe n’intoke warashenywe, kubera yuko

ukuri kw’ishusho kwasohojwe.” (Clowney 1972-73: 177, 183)

B. Nk’userukira Kristo ku isi mu buryo bufatika, Itorero n’ “Urusengero” rw’Imana ku isi “Ibijyanye na Koroneliyo [Ibyakozwe 10] bigize igice kinini cy’imenyekanishamana rya misiyo

idushoboza gusobanukirwa impinduka yo mu buryo bugaragara yitezwe uhereye igihe Abanyamahanga bo mu

Isezerano rya Kera batangiraga kwikusanya bakinjira mu rusengero i Yerusalemu ukageza igihe Isezerano

Rishya ryashyize imbaraga mu murimo wo kujyana ubutumwa bwiza mu mahanga. Umutima w’iyi mpinduka

ivugwa na Sitefano ubwo asobanura uburyo ari ngombwa kwimuka bakava mu rusengero rwakozwe n’intoke

(Ibyakozwe 7:47-51). Ubu rero, Yesu n’urusengero ruri mu ijuru, aho yicaye i buryo bwa Data, no ku isi

binyuze mu Umwuka n’Ubutumwa Bwiza. Abanyamahanga bakomeza kwinjira mu rusengero nk’uko Yesaya

yabyeretswe, ariko noneho ubu urusengero ruri aho hose Umwuka wa Yesu ateraniriza hamwe abantu be

binyuze mu kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza.” (Goldsworthy 2000: 241) Itorero rya mbere basobanukiwe impamvu

y’isenywa ry’urusengero rwo mu buryo bugaragara rw’i Yerusalemu muri 70 NKY, n’ikijyanye n’uko Imana

yashyizeho Itorero ryayo kugira ngo ribe urusengero nyakuri, rushya rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Urwandiko


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rwa Barinaba (c.70-131), 16:1-10, ruvuga ruti: “Nyuma y’ibyo, nzabaganirira ibijyanye n’urusengero, n’uburyo

bariya bantu b’indushyi bayobye bagashyira ibyiringiro byabo mu nyubako yabo, nk’uko yaba ari inyubako

y’Imana, mu umwanya wo gushyira ibyiringiro byabo mu Mana yabaremye….Ubu muzi yuko ibyiringiro be

n’ibyo byari iby’ubusa. . . . Kubera yuko bagiye mu ntambara, bakaneshwa n’abanzi, ubu na ho abagaragu

b’abanzi babo bazarwubaka bushya. . . . Ariko reka turebere hamwe nimba koko urusengero rw’Imana ruhari.

Rurahari koko—aho we ubwe avuga yuko arimo arwubaka kandi arurangiza! . . . None se ni gute ruzubakwa mu

izina ry’Uwiteka? Nimwige! Mbere y’uko twizera Imana, ubuturo bw’umutima wacu bwari bwarononekaye

kandi bufite intege nke, urusengero rwubatswe n’intoke z’umuntu koko, kuko rwari rwuzuye ukuramya

ibigirwamana kandi rwari inzu y’abadayimoni, kuko twakoze ibirwanya Imana. . . . Mu ukwakira ukubabarirwa

ibyaha no kwubaka ibyiringiro byacu ku Izina, duhinduka bashya, twaremwe bushya uhereye ku ntangiriro.

Kubera ibyo, Imana ituye mu buturo bwacu, bisobanura muri twe. . . . Uru ni rwo rusengero rwo mu umwuka

rurimo rwubakirwa Uwiteka.”

1. Itorero nk’ihuriro ry’ikintu kimwe, n’abizera ku giti cya buri wese, bitwa “Urusengero rw’Imana.”

a. Itorero ryitwa “umubiri umwe wa Kristo,” abizera na bo ku giti cya buri wese bagize uwo

mubiri (Abar 12:4-5; 1 Abakor 10:17; 12:12-27; Abef 1:22-23; 2:16; 4:4, 12; 5:30; Abakol

1:18; 3:15). Bityo, nk’uko Kristo umubiri we ari Urusengero, bityo itorero na We

n’Urusengero. Muri 2 Abakor 5:1, Paulo akoresha imvugo y’ “urusengero” na “ihema

ry’ibonaniro” igihe yita imibiri yacu, “inzu y’ingando yacu.”

b. Itorero nk’umubumbe umwe ryitwa Urusengero rw’Imana (1 Abakor 3:9, 16-17; 2 Abakor

6:16-7:1; Abef 2:21; 1 Pet 2:5; Ibyah 3:12; reba na none Ibyah 13:6 aho itorero ryitwa

“Ihema ry’Ibonaniro rye”). “Aya magambo ‘urusengero rw’Imana’ asangwa mu Isezerano

Rishya izindi nshuro icumi ukuyemo 2 Abatesalonika [Mat 26:61; 1 Abakor 3:16, 17a, 17b; 2

Abakor 6:16a, 16b; Ibyah 3:12; 7:15; 11:1, 19], kandi ukuyemo inshuro imwe, ayo magambo

avuga ku itorero. Inshuro imwe yonyine ni mo ayo magambo yerekeye ku urusengero rwa

Isirayeli rwo muri kahise n’urw’ejo hazaza. Muri Matayo 26:61 hasubiramo amagambo ya Yesu

ngo, ‘yabasha gusenya urusengero rw’Imana akarwubaka mu minsi itatu.’ . . . rusengero rwo

mu buryo bugaragara ruravugwa kugira ngo habeho irangiza ry’amateka y’urusengero ashingiye

ku ugucungurwa. Matayo abona uburyo urusengero rwo mu buryo bufatika rusenywa

rukubakwa binyuze mu ukuzuka kw’umubiri wa Yesu. . . . Urusengero rwo mu buryo bufatika,

rwa Isirayeli rwari igicucu cyo mu buryo bufatika kivuga Kristo n’abantu be nk’urusengero.

Mwibuke, ingingo ya mbere y’urusengero yari uko rwari ahantu ubwiza bw’Imana burangwamo

icyubahiro bwerekanirwaga ku bantu bayo hano ku isi. Noneho, ubwo Yesu yamaze kugera ku

isi nk’Imana, ubu ni We wabaye ahantu ubwiza bw’Imana bwerekanirwa ku isi.” (Beale 2004:

275-76) Mu buryo busobanutse, muri 1-2 Abakorinto “Paulo yavuze ku bizera bo muri za 50

NKY, igihe urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu rwari rugihagaze, no ku urusengero rw’Imana

rutuwemo n’Umwuka” (Sweeney 2003:629).36 Bityo, mu maso y’Imana, Urusengero rw’i

Yerusalemu rwari rwarangije gusimburwa na mbere y’uko rusenywa n’Abaroma muri 70 NKY.

Muri 2 Abakor 6:16-7:1, nyuma yo gukora ikigereranyo hagati y’itorero n’urusengero, Paulo

yanzura avuga ati, “Ubwo dufite ibyo byasezeranyijwe.” Mu masezerano Paulo akuramo aya

magambo muri 2 Abakor 6:16-18 harimo Abal 26:11-12, 2 Sam 7:14, na Ezek 37:27, aho

Imana isezeranya kwubaka inzu ya Dawidi no gukomeza ingoma ye iteka ryose no kumubera se

no gukomeza ubuturo bwayo bwera bw’iteka hagati mu ubwoko bwayo. Igihe avuga kuri ayo

masezerano yita itorero “urusengero rw’Imana ihoraho” (2 Abakor 6:16), Paulo aba arimo

avuga, “Isohozwa ryo mu buryo bwuzuye ry’isezerano rikuru ry’Imana, ubwiza bw’Imana bwo

mu buryo bw’iteka, bibohera abantu b’Imana kuri Yo iteka ryose: Aya n’amasezerano

asohorezwa mu itorero—Turi urusengero rw’Imana ihoraho” (Clowney 1972-73: 186).

c. Kubera yuko itorero ari Urusengero ruhoraho rutakozwe n’intoke, nk’uko twagiye tubibona,

buri wese ku giti cye, n’ “urugingo” rw’ “umubiri” wa Kristo, bityo twitwa “amabuye

mazima” kugira ngo “mube inzu y’umwuka” (1 Pet 2:5). Muri ubwo buryo nyene, Abef 2:21-

22 havuga ku itorero nk’urusengero rurimo ruteranirizwa hamwe,” “rurakura,” “kugira ngo

mube inzu yo guturwamo n’Imana mu Umwuka.”

d. Buri wese mu bizera yitwa Urusenegro (1 Abakor 6:19). Mu uguhuzwa na Kristo ni mo

honyine umuntu yakwitwa Urusengero mu buryo bukwiye.

36

“Icy’uko Urwandiko rwa 1 Abakorinto rwanditswe muri za 50 yo mu kinjana cya mbere ntibigirwaho impaka cyane”

(Sweeney 2003: 629n.116).


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2. Itorero ni bwo buturo bwonyine mu isi Imana ishobora guturamo. Kimwe n’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro

n’Urusengero mu buryo bwarwo bw’umwimerere, itorero ryuzuyemo ubwiza bw’Imana (Mat 18:20;

28:20; Yoh 14:17, 23; 20:22; Ibyak 1:8; 2:1-11, 38-39; 4:31; 8:14-17; 10:44-47; Abef 3:19; 5:18; 1 Abakor 3:16; 6:19). Mose yasenze, “Icyampa ab’ubwoko bw’Uwiteka bose bakaba abahanuzi,

Uwiteka akabashyiraho Umwuka We!” (Kub 11:29). Uhereye ku umunsi wa Pentekoti, Uwiteka

yarabikoze. Ubu noneho, Umwuka cyangwa se impano ze ntizikigenewe itsinda ry’abantu bakeya,

ahubwo mu itorero, Imana yasutse Umwuka Wayo ku bantu bayo bose, ata kurobanura gushingiye ku

myaka, igitsina, cyangwa se ibara ry’uruhu (Ibyak 2:14-18). Petero akoresha imvugo y’ubwiza

bw’Imana bwo mu buryo bwa Shekinah bwaje ku Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusenegro byo mu Isezerano

rya Kera igihe avuga ati, “Kuko Umwuka w’ubwiza aba kuri mwe, ni We mwuka w’Imana” (1 Pet

4:14). Uyu murongo n’ishusho ya Yes 11:2 havuga hati, “Umwuka w’Uwiteka azaba kuri We.” Hari na

none urundi rwego rw’amateka ajyanye n’Isezerano rya Kera ahwanye n’icyo gice: “intego y’ubuturo

bwera bw’urusengero nk’ ‘ubuturo bwera bw’UWITEKA (1 Ngoma 6:31; 28:2; 2 Ngoma 6:41; Zab

132:7-8, 14; Yes 66:1-2). . . . Ibindi bisobanuro byemeza ibijyanye n’ishusho y’urusengero bishyigikiye

iki gitekerezo cy’uburyo Umwuka azaba hejuru y’abizera kandi biri mu nsobanuro Petero aha Itorero

nk’ ‘inzu yo mu buryo bw’umwuka’ itangirwamo ibitambo byo mu buryo bw’umwuka bitambwa

n’ubutambyi bwera (2:5).” (Johnson 1986: 289-90) Mu rusengero rushya, nyakuri, Imana ntitura hagati

mu bantu bayo byonyine, ahubwo noneho ubu iba imbere mu bantu bayo. Ikindi, Umwuka “ashyira

igikumwe” ku ubwoko bwe, bihabanye n’Urusengero rwa kera rwo mu buryo byagendaga mu isezerano

rya Kera (Abef 1:13-14). Bityo, Imana ntizigera iva mu Rusengero rushya kandi rw’ukuri rw’Itorero,

bihabanye n’uburyo byagendaga mu gihe cy’Urusengero rwa kera rwo mu buryo bufatika (Mat 18: 20;

28:20; Abar 8:33-39).

3. Itorero ryaronse “umuriro” w’Imana igihe ryatangiraga, nk’uko byagenze igihe cy’Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero rwa Salomo.

a. Igihe Aroni yarobanurirwaga umwanya w’umutambyi mukuru, yatambye ibitambo ku

gicaniro mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro, “umuriro waje uturutse imbere y’ubwiza bw’Imana ukongora

ibitambo byo kwoswa n’ibice by’ibinure ku ihema” (Abal 9:24). Igihe Salomo yatahaga

Urusengero rw’umwimerere rwa mbere, “Umuriro umanuka uva mu ijuru, wosa igitambo cyo

koswa n’ibindi bitambo, icyubahiro cy’Uwiteka cyuzura inzu.” (2 Ngoma 7:1). Ubwiza

bw’Uwiteka bwo mu buryo bwa Shekinah bwarasohotse buva mu Rusengero mbere yo

kujyanwa mu bunyage i Babuloni (Ezek 9:3; 10:1-19; 11:22-23). Nta na hamwe havuga yuko

icyubahiro cyo mu urwego rwa Shekinah cyagarutse cyangwa se ngo umuriro uturutse mu ijuru

umanuke igihe Urusengero Rushya rwubakwaga na Zerubabeli nyuma y’ubunyage (reba Ezira

3-6; Hagayi 1-2; Zakariya 2-4).

b. Ahandi havugwa “umuriro” n’igihe Yohana Umubatiza yavuga yuko Yesu “azababatiza mu

Umwuka Wera n’umuriro” (Mat 3:11; Luka 3:16). Iri jambo ‘n’umuriro’ ryabyaye impaka. . . .

Hari ikibazo nimba ‘Umwuka-Muriro’ waba ujyanye n’umuriro w’urubanza rw’iteka cyangwa

se nimba ari umuriro w’Umwuka Wera uboneza. Ariko uku kudahuza ntigukenewe. Ni byiza

kurebera hamwe izo nsobanuro zombi: Abemera ubutumwa bw’ubwami bezwa n’Umwuka mu

gihe ababuhakana bo bagibwaho n’urubanza.” (Osborne 2010: 116) Ku munsi wa Pentekote

“Nuko umuriri ubatungura uvuye mu ijuru, umeze nk’uw’umuyaga uhuha cyane, ukwira inzu

bicayemo. Haboneka indimi zigabanije zisa n’umuriro, ururimi rujya ku muntu wese wo muri

bo. Bose buzuzwa n’Umwuka Wera, batangira kuvuga izindi ndimi, nk’uko Umwuka yabahaye

kuzivuga.” (Ibyak 2:2-4) Izo “ndimi zisa n’umuriro” cyari ikimenyetso cy’inyuma, kigaragara

cy’uko ubuhanuzi bwa Yohana bwamaze gusohora. Ibi bisobanura yuko mu gihe ibitambo

byoswa mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro no mu Rusengero byakongorwaga n’umuriro, umuriro

ntiwakongoye abigishwa ku munsi wa Pentekoti, kuko twagenewe kuba “igitambo kizima kandi

cyera” (Abar 12:1). Ku Bakristu, ibi bisobanura yuko “ibihe bishya” byatangiranye na [Yesu]

bisaba yuko imyanda y’ubuzima bwacu ikongorwa. Uwo muriro, umuriro w’Umwuka Wera,

n’umuriro w’urukundo ukomeye mu buryo bw’uko dutinya kuwegera. Kandi n’urukundo

rubohotse mu bugingo bwa Yesu—ubugingo twabatirijwemo—ubwo ni bwo, nk’uko Paulo

abivuga mu Abar. 6, butubatura ku cyaha cyahanuriwe mu matageko ariko ayo matageko akaba

adashobora kukitubaturamo.” (Hauerwas 2006: 48)

4. Nk’uko icyubahiro cy’Umwami cyuzuye Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero, ni na kwo cyuzuye

itorero. Ihema ry’ibonaniro rimaze kwubakwa, “icyubahiro cy’Uwiteka cyuzura Ihema ry’Ibonaniro.

Mose ntiyashoboye kwinjira mu ihema ry’ihuriro kuko igicu gitwikira ihema ry’ibonaniro, ubwiza


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bw’Uwiteka burabagirana bwuzura ubwo buturo. Mose ananirwa no kwinjira mu ihema ry’ibonaniro,

kuko icyo gicu cyari kikiriho, ubwiza bw’Uwiteka bukuzura ubwo buturo.” (Kuva 40:34-35) No mu

gihe urusengero rwatahwaga, “Nuko muri uwo mwanya inzu iherako yuzura igicu, ni yo nzu y’Uwiteka.

Bituma abatambyi batakibasha guhagarara ngo bakore ku bw’igicu; kuko icyubahiro cy’Uwiteka

cyuzuye inzu y’Imana.” (2 Ngoma 5:13-14) Ku munsi wa Pentekote, ibisa n’ibyo byongera kuba, ariko,

kubera umuriro waje uturutse mu ijuru, habayeho itandukaniro. Icyubahiro cy’uwiteka cyuzuye inzu aho

abigishwa basengeraga, “umeze nk’uw’umuyaga uhuha cyane ukwira inzu bari bicayemo. . . . Bose

buzuzwa Umwuka Wera, batangira kuvuga izindi ndimi, nk’uko Umwuka yabahaye kuzivuga” (Ibyak

2:2, 4). Mu Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, igihe icyubahiro cy’Imana cyuzuraga ihema ry’ibonaniro

n’urusengero, abatambyi bananiwe gukora umurimo wabo; mu gihe cy’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, itorero

riri muri Kristo; bityo, icyubahiro cy’Imana, kwuzuzwa Umwuka, biha imbaraga itorero kugira ngo

rikore umurimo!

5. N’ubwo Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero bigengwa n’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, byakozwe

n’abantu, Urusengero nyakuri, rushya rw’itorero, abizera buri wese ku giti cye na bo, mu by’ukuri,

bagize ikintu cyo mu ijuru kandi cyo mu buryo bwo mu umwuka—“inzu yaturutse ku Mana, itakozwe

n’intoke” (2 Abakor 5:1-5; reba na none Ibyak 7:44-50). Ibyah 11 hasobanura itorero nk’ukuri

n’Urusengero rwo mu ijuru, n’ubwo ubu ruriho kandi rugahura n’ibibazo byinshi ngaha ku isi. Ibyah

11:1-2 havuga ugupima “Urusengero rw’Imana.” Iki gisobanura ishusho yo mu Ibyah 3:12 aho Yesu

avuga ati, “Uzanesha nzamugira inkingi yo mu rusengero rw’Imana yanjye, kandi ntazasohoka

ukundi.” Ibyah 11:4 havuga ku “bitereko by’amatabaza,” yari yarigeze kuvugwaho mu Ibyah 1:20

nk’amatorero. Ibyah 11:4, havuga “ibitereko by’amatabaza bibiri,” n’ “ibiti bya elayo bibiri” kandi

havoma mu ishusho yo muri Zakariya 4. Muri icyo gice, “igitereko cy’itabaza” cyasobanuwe

nk’igihagararira Urusengero rwari rwaratangiye kwubakwa (reba Zak 4:2, 4-10) mu gihe “ibiti bya

elayo bibiri” byo bivugwaho nka bamwe babiri “batoranywaga” (Kumbure ni Yosuwa unutambyi

mukuru na Zerubabeli umwami, aba bakaba ari bo bayoboye igikorwa cyo kwubaka urusengero nyuma

y’ubunyage i Babuloni) (reba Zak 4:3, 11-14). Uyu murimo wo mu buryo bubiri w’itorero

nk’abatambyi n’abami wemezwa mu Ibyah 1:6; 5:10 na 20:6. Ibyah 13:6 havuga yuko, nk’uko bimeze

mu Ibyah 11:7-10 aho abizera bashobora kwicirwa ku isi mu buryo bw’umubiri, n’ubwo bimeze bityo,

ubuturo bwabo nyakuri, ihema ry’ibonaniro nyakuri, buri mu ijuru. Ibyah 11:9 havuga yuko

“Urusengero rw’Imana” “ruri mu ijuru.” Kubera ibyo nyene, Abef 2:6 havuga yuko Kristo “nuko

ituzurana na we, itwicarikana na we mu ijuru mu buryo bw’umwuka turi muri Kristo Yesu.”

6. Nubwo mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro no mu Urusengero byo mu IK, abatambyi ari bo bonyine bashoboraga

kwinjira izo nyubako, ariko mu Rusengero rushya kandi nyakuri rw’itorero, abizera bose baba

abatambyi bakorera i bwami (1 Pet 2:5, 9; Ibyah 1:6; 5:10). Mu Isezerano rya Kera, umutambyi

yabwirizwaga kunyura mu igeragezwa ryo mu nzego ebyiri: Kuba akomoka mu Umuryango

w’Abalewi no kuba atagaragarwaho inenge y’umubiri n’imwe (Abal 21:16-24; Kub 4:1-4; 8:23-26; 1

Ngoma 23:24-32). “Uwashobora kurengana iryo geragezwa ryo mu nzego ebyiri yahita yambikwa

umwenda w’umweru, n’amazina yabo yaba yanditswe mu buryo busobanutse” (Edersheim 1988: 95).

Ibi bihuzwa n’abizera nk’uko byanditswe mu Ibyah 3:5: “Unesha ni we uzambikwa imyenda yera;

kandi sinzahanagura izina rye na hato mu gitabo cy’ubugingo.” Hejuru y’ibyo, imyambaro

y’abatambyi “yari igizwe n’ ‘imyenda y’ibitare,’ cyangwa cyane-cyane, ibyitwa ‘byssus,’ ipamba

ry’igitare rya Egiputa” (Ibid.: 97). Bityo, Ibyah 19:8 havuga yuko umugeni wa Kristo (itorero)

yambitswe “umwenda w’igitare [Ikigiriki = bussinos], urabagirana kandi usukuye; kuko wa mwenda

w’igitare [bussinos] ari imirimo ikiranutse y’abera.”

• Umutambyi wacu Mukuru ni Yesu Kristo ufite uburenganzira buhoraho bwo kugera ku

urusengero rw’Imana rwo mu ijuru (Abaheb 4:14-5:10; 7:1-10:25).

• Bitandukanye n’uko bimeze ku ihema ry’ibonaniro n’urusengero byo mu bubryo bugaragara,

dufite uburengazira bwo kugera ku Mana Data wa Twese binyuze kuri Yesu Kristo (Mat 27:51;

Abaheb 10:19-22).

• “Ibitambo” dutamba mu Rusengero rushya, nyakuri n’imibiri yacu n’ubuzima bwacu (Abar

12:1), uguhimbaza n’amashimwe yacu (Abaheb 13:15), ugutanga amafaranga yacu mu

ukwamamaza ubutumwa bwiza no gufasha abakene n’abatishoboye (2 Abakor 9:1, 12-13; Abafil

4:18), n’ “ibitambo byo mu buryo bw’umwuka” by’ubuzima bwacu nk’abizerwa mu ugukorera

Kristo na ba kiremwamuntu nkatwe, mu izina rye (Abar 15:16; Abaheb 13:16; Yak 1:27; 1 Pet

2:5).

• Kubera yuko abizera bose ari “abatambyi” mu Rusengero rushya kandi nyakuri rw’Imana,


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dusabwa kuba abera mu mpande zose z’ubuzima bwacu, nk’uko abatambyi bo mu Isezerano rya

Kera basabwa kuba abera (1 Abakor 3:17; 6:12-20; 2 Abakor 6:14-7:1; Yak 1:27).

7. Kimwe n’Urusengero rwo mu IK, itorero nk’Urusengero rushya, nyakuri rw’Imana, rurangwa

n’izahabu, ifeza n’amabuye y’agaciro. Mu 1 Abakor 3:10-12 Paulo, avuga ibijyanye na Kristo

n’ibikorwa byo kwizera, avuga ku “urufatizo” rwubatsweho “izahabu, ifeza, amabuye y’agaciro.”

Ahandi hantu hamwe gusa havugwamo aho “umusingi” w’inyubako ushyirwaho, nyuma “izahabu,”

“ifeza” n’ “amabuye y’agaciro” yubatsweho Urusengero rwa Salomo (1 Abami 5:17-6:36; 1 Ngoma

29:1-9). Mu gihe Urusengero rushya kandi rw’ukuri ari Urusengero ruzima, izahabu, ifeza n’amabuye

y’agaciro n’ibikorwa dukora muri ubu bugingo igihe twubaka Ubwami, tunafasha abakene

n’abatishoboye (1 Abakor 3:9-17).

8. Itorero n’igikoresho cy’Imana cyo gukora umugambi w’Imana kugira ngo isi nk’ubuturo bwayo ibe

yuzuye ubwoko bwera (Mat 28:18-20; Ibyak 1:8; Ibyah 5:9; 7:9). Uwo ni wo wari umugambi wayo

mu Ngobyi ya Edeni, ikimenyetso cyawo cyari igishushanyo cy’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero

muriYerusalemu. Mu gihe itorero ribaye rikoranye umurava misiyo yaryo “Nuko mugende muhindure

abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa” (Mat 28:19), uwo mugambi ugenda werekanwa ku isi uko

bukeye uko bwije. Icy’uko misiyo ya Yesu ar’iyo mu urwego rw’isi yose kibonwa mu nzira ebyiri:

a. Nta tandukaniro rishingiye ku mipaka riri mu Ubwami bwa Kristo. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro

n’Insengero z’i Yerusalemu zagarukiraga ku hantu ho mu buryo bugaragara aho zari zubatswe.

N’ubwo bimeze bityo, muri Yoh 4:21, 23, Yesu yavuze ati, “igihe kizaza ubwo bazaba

batagisengera Data kuri uyu musozi cyangwa i Yerusalemu. . . . Ariko igihe kiraje ndetse

kirasohoye, ubwo abasenga by’ukuri basengera Data mu Mwuka no mu Ukuri.” Kristo ni yo

nzira Imana yanyuzemo kugira ngo igere ku bantu bayo; nta yindi nzira ihari. Nuko rero,Yesu

avuga ati, “Kuko aho babiri cyangwa se batatu bakoraniye nanjye mba ndi hagati muri bo”

(Mat 18:20).

b. Mu Ubwami bwa Kristo, nta mipaka ishingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu, ubwoko cyangwa se

imiryango ihari. Mu Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, Isirayeli bwari “ubwoko bwatoranijwe

n’Imana” (Guteg 7:6). Mu gihe cy’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, hariho amacakubiri hagati

y’Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga. Mu Rusengero rwo mu buryo bugaragara, hariho urukuta

rutandukanya Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga. Hariho na none ahantu hari hagenewe abagabo

n’ahari hagenewe abagore, abatambyi n’abandi bagize itorero. Mu rusengero rushya kandi

nyakuri rw’itorero, itandukaniro hagati y’Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga rwakuweho. Bose

hamwe nk’ “umuntu umwe mushya”, itorero rigenda rikurira mu rusengero rwera mu

Umwami” (Abef 2:11-22; reba na none Abar 3:22; Abagal 2:11-14). Muri Kristo bose

barareshya, ata gushingira ku gitsina, ibijyanye n’imiryango, urwego rw’ubukungu, ururimi,

cyangwa se ibindi byo mu buryo bugaragara (1 Abakor 12:13; Abagal 3:28; Abakol 3:11;

Ibyah 5:9; 7:9).

9. Imibabaro ku itorero ni kimwe mu bigize iteka Imana yaciriyeho “Urusengero” rwayo bwite (1 Pet

4:12-17). Muri 1 Pet 4:14, Petero yakoresheje imvugo yibutsa abantu icyubahiro cy’Imana cyo mu

buryo bwa Shekinah kiza hejuru y’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusenegro rwo mu Isezerano rya Kera igihe

yasobanura “Umwuka w’ubwiza aba kuri mwe, ni we Mwuka w’Imana” uba hejuru y’urusengero. Aya

magambo yavuzwe mu gusobanura ibijyanye n’ “ibigeragezo,” “gupimwa,” no “gutukwa” (1 Pet 4:

12-16). Petero yanzura avuga ati, “kuko igihe kigiye gusohora, urubanza rukazabanzirizwa mu b’inzu

y’Imana” (1 Pet 4:17). Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki akoresha ni oikos rishobora kuba ryasimurwa ngo “urugo”

cyangwa se “inzu.” Muri 1 Pet 2:5, iryo jambo nyene rivuga ku itorero nk’ “inzu yo mu buryo

bw’umwuka nshya” (urusengero) y’Imana. N’ubwo ubwinshi mu buryo bwo gusimura bubisobanura

ngo n’ ‘urugo,’ kimwe no mu “rusengero.” Iyi shusho ikomoka mu byanditswe bibiri byo mu Isezerano

rya Kera bisobanura igikorwa cy’Imana cyo guciraho iteka bahereye mu Rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu

(Ezek. 9: Mal. 3:1-5). Petero afata inyigihso yo muri iki cyanditswe akayikoresha ku itorero ata no

kubisabira imbabazi. Bityo, Abakristu bahita baba ba samuragwa b’inshingano z’Urusengero rw’i

Yerusalemu (aha ni ho habereye ugucirwaho iteka n’Imana ubwa mbere). Ibi byabaye urugero rwo mu

buryo busobanutse bw’ukuntu Itorero ryari rikwiye kwirinda kwirata no gukoresha buri gihe

insanganyamatsiko ya Bibiliya ku bijyanye no gucirwaho iteka, bakabanza kubyiyerekezaho. Ibi

byagaragaje neza yuko Itorero ryari rifite uburenganzira bwo kwibona yuko ari ryo samuragwa w’’ibi

byagiye biba mu gihe cy’Isezerano rya Kera. Abakristo ni bo bahindutse Urusengero rushya.” (Walker

1996: 311; reba na none Johnson 1986: 285-94)


81

VI. Yesu Yasohoje kandi Yatsimbuye Iminsi Mikuru y’Abayuda Abakol 2:16-17 havuga ngo, “ntihakagire ubacira urubanza ku bw’ibyo murya, cyangwa

se ibyo munywa cyangwa ku by’iminsi mikuru, cyangwa ku byo kuziririza iby’imboneko z’ukwezi cyangwa

amasabato: Kuko ibyo ari igicucu cy’ibizaza, na ho umubiri wabyo ufitwe na Kristo” (reba na none Abagal 4:9-

11). Ibitambo byari igice cya ngombwa muri iyo minsi mikuru yose. Kubera yuko Kristo yari We gitambo

kimwe cyo mu buryo buhoraho cyasohorewemo uburyo bwose bwo gutamba ibitambo, bityo yasohoje byose mu

bijyanye n’iminsi mikuru. Nimba Kristo atasohoje ibijyanye n’iminsi mikuru n’indi mihango yo mu Isezerano

rya Kera, noneho twari dukwiye gukomeza kuyubahiriza, kuko iyo minsi yari izwi nk’ “amabwiriza yo mu

buryo buhoraho” (n’ukuvuga, yari ikwiye kwubahirizwa “iteka ryose”; reba Kuva 12:14; Abal 23:14, 21, 31,

41). Icy’uko itorero ritigeze ryubahiriza iyo migenzo yo mu Isezerano rya Kera kigaragaza yuko ryamenye ko

iyo minsi mikuru yose yerekezaga kuri Kristo kandi yuko umutima wayo wasohoreye muri Kristo. “Muri

Kristo” ni mo iyo minsi mikuru yose yubahiririzwa iteka ryose, bityo ntidusabwa kugendera ku mashusho yayo

yo mu buryo bugaragara nk’uko Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Mose ribitegeka. Uburyo Yesu yasohoje buri munsi

mukuru bivugwaho mu bisobanuro bikurikira.

A. Ikirangaminsi cya Isirayeli yo mu IK 1. Isirayeli yo mu IK yakoreshaga ukwezi nk’ingengabihe yayo, buri munsi mushya waratangiraga,

ukarangira izuba rirenze (reba Itang 1:1, 8, 19, 23, 31). Kubera yuko ikirangaminsi gishingiye ku mezi

cyari iminsi 360 (12x30), byari ngombwa yuko “ukwezi kwasimbutswe kwongerwaho.” Isirayeli yo mu

IK yari ifite na none ingengabihe yo mu buryo bwa Leta n’ingengabihe yo mu buryo bwubashywe.

Ukwezi kwa mbere kwo mu buryo bwa Leta (Tishri, guhuye na Nzeri-Ukwakira [ukwezi kwa cyenda-

n’ukwa cumi]), ukwo kwezi kwaba guhwanye n’ukwezi kwa karindwi kw’ingengabihe yo mu buryo

bwubashywe (Abib [cyangwa se, Nisan nk’uko kwitwaga nyuma y’ubunyage], guhuye na Werurwe-Ma

ta – ukwa Gatatu n’ukwa Kane), na none igihe wabihinduranya bikajya gusa37. Buri kwezi

kwatangiranaga n’igihe ukwezi kubonetse bushya (Kub 10:10, 28:11; 1 Sam 20:5; Zab 81:3; Yes

66:23; Ezek 46:3; Am. 8:5; Abakol 2:16). Umunsi wa mbere w’umwaka mushya (1 Tishri) kwitwa

Rosh Ha-Shanah (“umutwe w’umwaka”) kandi wamamarizwaga mu Umunsi Mukuru w’Impanda. Buri

cyumweru cyarangiranaga n’umunsi w’Isabato aho byari byitezwe yuko Abisirayeli bafata akaruhuko,

no kutagira umurimo bawukoraho (Itang 2:2-3; Kuva 16:22-23; 20:9-11; 23:12; 31:13-17; 34:21).

Igihe Isabato irangiriye izuba rirenze, icyumweru cyabaga gitangiye. Amezi y’Abayuda yahuraga

n’amezi yacu mu buryo bukurikira:

Ukwezi kw’Abayuda Gutangirana n’Ukwezi

gushya kwa

Aho byanditswe muri

Bibiliya

1. Abib* / Nisan

2. Zif* / Iyyar

3. Sivan

4. Tammuz

5. Ab / Av

6. Elul

7. Ethanim* / Tishri

8. Bul* / Marheshvan / Heshvan

9. Chisleu / Chislev / Kislev

10. Tebeth / Tevet

11. Shebat / Shevat

12. Adar

13. Adar ya kabiri (inshuro 7 buri myaka 19)

* Amazina y’imbere y’ubunyage

Werurwe-Mata

Mata--Gicurasi

Gicurasi-Kamena

Kamena-Nyakanga

Nyakanga-Kanama

Kanama-Nzeri

Nzeri-Ukwakira

Ukwakira-Ugushyingo

Ugushyingo-Ukuboza

Ukuboza-Mutarama

Mutarama-Gashyantare

Gashyantare-Werurwe

Werurwe 14,15

Kuva 13:4; 23:15; Neh 2:1

1 Abami 6:1, 37

Esit 8:9

---

--- Neh 6:15

1 Abami 8:2

1 Abami 6:38

Neh 1:1

Esit 2:16

Zak 1:7

Esit 3:7

---

37

Igihe Isirayeli yari ikiri muri Egiputa, Imana yari yarangije guhindura ingengabihe kubera wa Munsi Mukuru wa Pasika

(Kuva 12:2). John Sittema yavuze yuko yarimo “atangariza abantu bamaze kwubaka mu ubwenge bwabo ingengabihe

y’ubuhinzi yo muri Egiputa yuko ubuzima bugiye gutangira bushya kubera ukubohorwa kwabo. . . . Isirayeli

yategerezwaga kwibuka—ubwo babwirizwaga kwizihiza buri mwaka Umunsi Mukuru wa Pasika—yuko ukubaho kwabo

nk’ubwoko bw’Imana kwatangiranye n’ugucungurwa kw’Imana kwo mu buryo buhambaye bavanwa mu bucakara.”

(Sittema 2013: 45)


82

2. Isirayeli yari ifite “umwaka w’Isabato” n’ “umwaka wa Yubile.” Umwaka w’Isabato wabaga nyuma

ya buri myaka irindwi. Muri uwo mwaka, byari byitezwe yuko ubutaka buruhuka (Kuva 23:10-11;

Abal 25:1-7); imyenda yose (keretse iy’abanyamahanga) igaharirwa (Guteg 15:1-11); n’imbata

z’Abaheburayo zigahabwa umudendezo (Kuva 21:1-6; Guteg 15:12-18). Umwaka wa Yubile wabaga

buri nyuma y’imyaka 50. Muri icyo gihe: imyenda yaraharirwaga; imbata z’Abaheburayo zahabwaga

umudendezo; kandi buri gice cy’ubutaka cyasubizwaga nyiracyo wa mbere (Abal 25:8-55). Bibiliya

ivuga yuko imwe mu mpamvu yatumye Isirayeli ijyanwa mu bunyage yari uko bari barananiwe

kwubahiriza itegeko ryagengaga Isabato y’ubutaka (reba Abal 26:34-35; 2 Ngoma 36:20-21; Yer

25:11-12; 29:10).

B. Uburyo iminsi mikuru yizihizwaga muri Isirayeli yo mu IK Isirayeli yo mu IK yari ifite iminsi mikuru y’ingenzi irindwi, imihango, cyangwa se iminsi yera,

igabanyije mu matsinda abiri: Iminsi mikuru Yo mu gihe cy’Imvura (Itumba) n’iminsi mikuru yo mu gihe

cy’Irangira ry’Icyi. Abaheburayo b’igitsina gabo bajyaga baseruka imbere y’Uwiteka, bagahurira ahantu

bumvikanyeho (n’ukuvuga i Yerusalemu, nyuma yo guhindūra igihugu no kwubaka urusengero) inshuro eshatu

buri mwaka, ku Munsi Mukuru w’Imitsima Idasembuye (Pasika); Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru; n’Iminsi

Mikuru y’Ingando (Kuva 23:14-17; 34:23-24; Guteg 16:16; ariko reba Guteg 16:10-11 havuga yuko abo bose

babishoboye bajya bagenda ahantu habiteguriwe kugira ngo bakore Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru).

1. Iminsi Mikuru yo mu Gihe cy’Imvura (Itumba) yatangiraga mu ukwezi kwa mbere kw’ingengabihe

yejejwe (Abi/Nisan [Werurwe-Mata]).

a. Pasika (14 Abib/Nisan [Werurwe-Mata]). Wizihizaga ukubaturwa bavanwa mu bubata muri

Egiputa (n’ukuvuga Umumarayika w’urupfu w’Uwiteka yagiye “asimbuka” amazu

y’Abisirayeli). Umwana w’intama warabagwaga, amaraso yawo agasigwa ku nkomanizo zombi

no ku ruhamo rw’umuryango w’inzu, nyuma ukotswa. Abagize umuryango bakawurya (Kuva

12:1-13, 21-27; Abal 23:5; Kub 28:16; Guteg 16:1-8).38

b. Imitsima Idasembuwe (15-22 Abib/Nisan [Werurwe/Mata]).Uwu munsi mukuru wahuzwaga

na Pasika (reba Mat 26:17; Mariko 14:12; Luka 22:1),39 wizihizaga uburyo bahunze bava

muri Egiputa bihuta. Amateraniro yera yabaga tariki 15 na 22 Werurwe kandi yafatwaga

nk’Isabato. Ibitambo byoswa n’ibitambo by’ibyaha byaratambwaga. Icyitwa umusemburo cyose

cyabwirizwa gukurwa mu nzu ya buri mu muntu mu ntango y’icyumweru, kandi muri icyo

cyumweru haribwaga umutisma utasembuwe (Kuva 12:14-20; 34:18; Abal 23:6-8; Kub

28:17-25).

c. Umuganura w’ibibanje kwera (16 Abib/Nisan [Werurwe/Mata]). Wizihizaga umuganura

w’umusaruro wa mbere w’ingano. Umutambyi yazunguzaga umuganda w’ingano w’umusaruro

kandi igitambo cyoswa cyaratambwaga (Kuva 34:26; Abal 23:10-14).

d. Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru (witwaga na none Umunsi Mukuru w’Isarura; Umunsi

w’ibyeze mu murima bya mbere; cyangwa se Pentekoti) (6 Sivan [Gicurasi-Kamena]).

Wizihizaga ibisarurwa bya mbere by’impeke n’uburyo Uwiteka yakuye Isirayeli muri Egiputa.

Wasohoraga iminsi 50 nyuma y’Ibisarurwa bya Mbere (aha ni ho izina Pentekoti rikomaka

[“umunsi ugira uwa mirongo itanu”], Ibyak 2:1; 20:16; 1 Abakor 16:8). Habaho iteraniro

ryera ryafatwaga nk’Isabato, ibitambo byo kuzunguza, ibyoswa, iby’icyaha n’icy’uko bari

amahoro bigatambwa (Kuva 23:16; 34:21-24; Abal 23:15-21; Kub 28:26-31; Guteg 16:9-12).

2. Iminsi Mikuru y’Impera y’Icyi yatangiraga mu ukwezi kwa mbere kw’Ingengabihe ya Leta (Tishri

[Nzeri Ukwakira]).

a. Umunsi Mukuru wo Kuvuza Amahembe (Rosh ha-Shanah) (1 Tishri – 1 Nzeri-Ukwakira).

Wizihizwaga ku ntango y’ukwezi kwa karindwi (Umwaka Mushya w’Igihugu) kandi

ugatangaza Umunsi Mukuru w’Ihongerero wabaga iminsi icyenda nyuma y’uwo. Habagaho

38

Isirayeli imaze kuva muri Egiputa ikinjira mu gihugu cy’isezerano, habayeho impinduka y’uburyo Pasika yizihizwaga

muri Egiputa, harimo n’uguhagarika gusiga amaraso ku nkomanizo no ku ruhamo by’inzu (Edersheim 1988: 212-18). 39

“Uhereye ku uburyo iyi minsi mikuru yegeranye kandi ifitanye amasano menshi, iyi minsi mikuru yombi [Pasika

n’Umunsi Mukuru w’Imitisma Idasembuwe] ikunzwe gufatwa nk’uko ari umunsi mukuru umwe, haba mu Isezerano rya

Kera cyangwa se Isezerano Rishya” (Edersheim 1988: 208). Mu buryo bwo kuvanga ibintu, “Umunsi Mukuru” wa

“Pasika” n’uw’Imitsima Idasembuye ikunze gukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe mu gusobanura uguhuza 14 Werurwe (Pasika)

n’iminsi mikuru miremire imara icyumweru y’Imitsima Idasembuye. Igihe bikozwe gurtya, “umunsi wa mbere w’Imitsima

Idasembuye” uzafatwa nka 14 Werurwe, atari 15 Werurwe (reba Mat 26:17; Mariko 14:12; Luka 22:2, 7-8).


83

Iteraniro ryera no kuvuza amahembe, ibitambo byoswa, ibitambo by’impeke n’ibitambo

by’ibyaha na byo byaratambwaga (Abal 23:23-25; Kub 29:1-6).

b. Umunsi Mukuru w’Ihongerero (Yom Kippur) (10 Tishri – 10 Nzeri). Uyu wari umunsi wera

kuruta indi yose y’umwaka. Ibyaha by’abantu bose byaratwikirwaga, bigakurwaho kumara uwo

mwaka wose. Habagaho iteraniro ryera, gutanga ibitambo bikongorwa n’umuriro, iby’impeke

n’iby’ibyaha. Nyuma yo kwitambirira ibyaha, umutambyi mukuru yaba yemerewe kwinjira

ahera h’ahera mu rusengero no kumijagira amaraso ku ntebe y’ihongerero nk’igikorwa cyo

guhongerera ibyaha by’abantu bose. Ibijyanye n’iryo hongererwa byasabaga ihene ebyiri: imwe

yarabagwaga, amaraso yayo akamijagirwa ku ntebe y’ihongerero; indi na yo (“ihene yo

koherwa”) ikaturirwaho ibyaha by’Abisirayeli nyuma ikoherezwa mu butayu koherwa (Abal

16:1-34; 23:27-32; Kub 29:7-11).

c. Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando (Witwa na none Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibirēre –Umunsi Mukuru wo

Guterana) (15-22 Tishri [Nzeri]). Uwo munsi mukuru wibutsaga uburyo Abisirayeli bagumye

bazerera mu butayu; wamenyeshaga kandi yuko isarura ryose rirangiye. Ayo materaniro yo ku

wa 15 na 22 Tishri [Nzeri] yabarwaga nk’Amasabato. Ibitambo bikongorwa n’umuriro,

iby’impeke n’ibyo gutambira ibyaha byaratambwaga. Abitabiriye uwo munsi mukuru babaga

mu mazu y’ibirere kumara igihe, bakawizihizanya amashami y’imikindo n’amashami y’ibiti

bisagambye binini (Kuva 23:16; 34:22; Abal 23:33-43; Kub 29:12-38; Guteg 16:13-15).

3. Isirayeli yizihije na none indi minsi mikuru mito-mito: Umunsi Mukuru wa Purimu na Hanukahi. Iyi

minsi mikuru ibiri ntibarwa mu bigize iminsi mikuru, imyaka y’Isabato n’imyaka ya Yubile ishyirwa

muri Tora (Amategeko ya Mose). Bagiye kuyishyiramo nyuma. N’ubwo ari iminsi mikuru mu Kiyuda,

yitwa ngo n’iminsi mikuru “mito” kubera ko, muri yo, abantu bemerewe gukora (Lehrman 1958: 70).

a. Purimu (14-15 Gashyantare-Werurwe (Adar); nyuma y’imyaka 19, 14-15 habaho Adar igira

kabiri). Kuri uwo munsi mukuru, hibukwaga uburyo Abayuda barokowe bagakurwa mu

maboko ya Hamani wari wateguye kubarimbura, nk’uko byanditswe muri Esit 7:1-9:32.

Kwiyiriza bikorwa ku wa 13 Adar mu buryo bwo kwibuka iminsi itatu y’ukwiyiriza byakozwe

mu gihe cya Esiteri (Esit 4:15-17). Ku ya 14-15 Adar, ni ho Ibyanditswe bisomwa, abantu

bagahana impano “ ikintu cy’ingenzi gikorwa kuri uwo munsi mukuru,” kandi “n’itegeko

gusangira ifunguro, ibyo kunywa, no kwīshīma kuri uwo munsi wa Purimu” (Lehrman 1958:

60, 65).

b. Hanukkah (witwa na none Umunsi Mukuru w’Amatabaza n’Umunsi Mukuru wo Gutaha) (25

Ugushyingo-Ukuboza [Kislev]- cyangwa se 3 Ukuboza-Mutarama [Tevet]). Byibutsa uburyo

batashye urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu igihe aba Makabe bigomekaga ku ubutegetsi (167-160

MKY [Mbere yo Kuvuka kwa Yesu]). Hakurikjwe ibyanditswe muri Talmud, urusengero

rwarejejwe, amavuta yari yerejwe kwatsa amatabaza kumara umunsi umwe gusa yashoboye

kwatsa amatabaza kumara iminsi umunani yose. Ukwo kweza ususengero bushya bivugwa mu

bitabo byitwa Apokrifa (Apocrypha) bya 1 Maccaabee 4:36-59 na 2 Maccabee 1:18-36.

C. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru wa Pasika n’uw’Imitsima Idasembuwe 1. IR ko Yesu ari Umwana w’Intama wa Pasika. Igihe Yesu yatangizaga umurimo we ku mugaragaro,

Yohana Umubatiza yamenye uwo Yesu ari We, avuga ati ng’ “Uyu Umwagazi w’Intama w’Imana

ukuraho ibyaha by’abari mu isi” (Yoh 1: 29, 36). Muri ibi bisobanuro, Yohana yahuzaga Pasika yo

yasabaga igitambo cy’umwana w’intama) n’Umunsi w’Ihongerero (aho ibyaha by’Abisirayeli

byatwikirwaga). Uguhuzwa kwa Yesu n’Umwana w’Intama bihamywa na none muri 1 Pet 1:19; Ibyah

5:6, 8. Kristo yabambwe mu gihe cya Pasika igihe Umwana w’Intama yabagwaga (Luka 22:1; Yoh 19:

14, 31). 40 IR rivuga yuko Pasika yahanuraga igitambo cya Kristo. Yoh 19:36 hasubiramo Kuva 12:46

40

Ubukristu bw’aba Orthodox bwemera yuko Yesu yabambwe ku munsi wa Gatanu, azuka ku munsi w’Icyumweru mu

gatondo. Ariko na none, hariho ukudahuza ku bijyanye n’umunsi w’Abayuda ifunguro rya nyuma rya Pasika ryabereyeho

(umugenzo ugenga ifunguro rya Pasika ivuga yuko “ritangira mbere y’uko izuba rirenga ku munsi wa 14 Werurwe,

rigakomeza kugeza itariki ya 15 Werurwe” [Parsons 2016b: “Pasika mu Rusengero”]). Ku bijyanye n’uko Yesu yabambwe

ku itariki ya 14 Werurwe cyangwa se 15 Werurwe (Wibuke yuko mu minsi ya Giheburayo habamo iminsi ibiri y’Abaroma

kubera yuko iminsi y’Igiheburayo yatangiraga izuba rirenze, mu umwanya wo gutangira saa sita zo mu ijoro nk’uko

bimenyerewe, igakomeza kugeza izuba rirenze by’umunsi ukurikira). Michael Scheiffer ashyingira kuri 13-14 Werurwe

ifunguro rya nyuma na 14 Werurwe ijyanye n’ukubambwa (Scheiffer n.d.: n.p.); Alfred Edersheim ajyana urufatizo yuko

ifunguro rya nyuma ku munsi wa 14-15 Werurwe nk’umunsi w’Ifunguro rya nyuma na 15 Werurwe nk’umunsi

w’ukubambwa (Edersheim 1988:244-59, 389-401).


84

no Kub 9:12 (asobanura neza yuko ata gufwa ry’abana b’intama ba Pasika ryavunwaga); havuga kandi

ngo, “Ibi bintu [n’ukuvuga, icy’uko abasirikare batavunye igufwa na rimwe mu magufa ya Yesu nk’uko

babikoze ku bandi bari babambanywe na We] byagenze bityo kugira ngo Ibyanditswe bisohore, ‘Nta na

rimwe mu magufwa ye rizavunwa.’” 1 Abakor 5:7 na ho havuga hati, “Pasika yacu yaratambwe, iyo na

yo ni Kristo.”

2. Ku ugusangira ibya Pasika kwa nyuma, Yesu yatangije ku mugaragaro Pasika nshya—Ameza

y’Umwami (Mat 26:20-29; Mariko 14:12-25; Luka 22:1-22; Yoh 13:1-2; 1 Abakor 11:23-32).

Ifunguro ubwaryo ryari ifunguro rya Pasika (Luka 22:15), kandi byinshi mu bigize iryo funguro nk’uko

byanditswe mu bitabo bine bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza birabyerekana, urugero, vino, kuba iryo funguro

ryafatwa ni mugoroba, ibisobanuro bijyanye na ryo biva mu nkuru yo gucungurwa (Behm 1965: 734;

Goppelt 1982: 110-12). Bretscher (1954: 199-209) atanga ibigereranyo 11 hagati ya Pasika ya

mbere/Umutsima Utasembuwe n’Ameza y’Umwami:

a. Buri munsi mukuru wakorwaga ari uko Imana yabitegetse (Kuva 12:1; 1 Abakor 11:23).

b. Buri munsi mukuru waba urimo igitambo cy’umwana w’intama (Kuva 12:3; 1 Cor 5:7).

c. Buri munsi mukuru wabaga urimo umwana w’intama utagira inenge (Kuva 12:5; 1 Pet

1:19).

d. Muri buri munsi mukuru, nta gufwa ry’umwana w’intama watambwe ryavunwaga (Kuva

12:46; Yoh 19:31-36).

e. Muri buri munsi mukuru, igihe buri wese yaba ariye inyama y’umwana w’intama watambwe,

ni ho yaba agize uruhare mu gitambo, akabona ku giti cye inyungu zo muri cyo (Kuva 12:47;

Yoh 6:52-57; 1 Abakor 10:18; Mat 26:26; Mariko 14:22; Luka 22:17-19; 1 Abakor 11:24).

f. Kuri buri munsi mukuru, amaraso yamenwaga ni yo yari agize igice kinini cy’umunsi

mukuru. Muri Pasika, amaraso y’umwana w’intama yasigwaga ku nkomanizo zombi no ku mu

ruhamo rw’umuryango (Kuva 12:7, 22); igihe cy’ameza y’Umwami, amaraso aba kimwe mu

bice binini by’umunsi mukuru ubwawo (Mat 26:27-29; Mariko 14:23-25; Luka 22:17-20; 1

Abakor 11:25-26).

g. Kuri buri munsi mukuru, Imana yongeraho isezerano ryayo. Mu gihe cya Pasika, Imana

yatanze isezerano ryo kurinda ubwoko bwayo icyago cy’urupfu rw’umwana w’imfura (Kuva

12:13, 23). Ku meza y’Umwami, Kristo yasezeranyije uguharirwa ibyaha (Mat 26:28; reba

Mariko 14:24; Luka 22:20). Ameza y’Umwami n’umunsi mukuru w’imbaraga kandi ugera ku

ntego hejuru y’indi, kuko utahagararira ku ukurinda umubiri wo mu buryo bw’isi w’uwatashye

uwo munsi mukuru gusa, ahubwo ugera no ku ugukiza umubiri w’uwo muntu hamwe

n’ubugingo bwe kumara iteka ryose (reba Mat 10:28).

h. Iyo minsi mikuru yombi yatangiwe guhora yizihizwa iteka ryose uko urunganwe rukurikira

urundi. Pasika n’urwibutso rw’ukurokorwa kw’Abisirayeli bavanwa mu maboko

y’Abanyegiputa (Kuva 12:14, 24-27). Ameza y’Umwami n’urwibutso rwa Kristo, We, mu

rupfu rwe, “ukuraho icyaha cy’ab’isi bose” (1 Abakor 11:25-26).

i. Iyo minsi mikuru yombi isaba ukwizera. Ukwubaha Abisirayeli bagaragarije Imana igihe cya

Pasika kwabaye ikimenyetso cy’uko bizeye kandi bashyize ibyiringiro byabo mu magambo ye

(Kuva 12:27-28), bityo abarinda urupfu. Mu gihe cy’ameza y’Umwami, abaje kuri uwo

muhango na bo basabwa kwisuzuma no gufata iryo Funguro mu buryo bukwiriye; kunanirwa

kubikora gurtyo bizanira ubikoze urubanza, rugera no ku urupfu (1 Abakor 11:27-32).

j. Amaraso nyakuri agendana n’iyo minsi mikuru yombi, ariko amaraso agendana n’ Ameza

y’Umwami afite agaciro n’imbaraga biri muri yo mu buryo bw’iteka ryose; ibyo amaraso

agendana na Pasika adafite. Amaraso y’umwana w’intama wa Pasika yari “ikimenyetso” cyo

gufasha umumarayika w’urupfu igihe yari arimo agendagenda muri Egiputa; ariko nta

bushobozi yari afite imbere muri yo bwo gukiza ubugingo bw’abantu (Kuva 12:13). Ku rundi

ruhande, amaraso ya Kristo agendana n’Ameza y’Umwami. Amaraso ubwayo y’Umwana

w’Imana, yonyine ni yo afite muri yo ububasha bwo “gukuraho icyaha cy’abisi bose” (Mat

26:28). Bityo, Yesu yavuze ati, “iri . . . ni ryo sezerano rikuru rishya ryo mu maraso yanjye”

(Luka 22:20), bidasobanura yuko amaraso ye ari “ikimenyetso” cy’isezerano rikuru rishya.

k. Iyo minsi mikuru yombi yashyiragaho urugabano. Pasika yari iy’Abaheburayo gusa, abatari

Abisirayeli babanza kunyura mu muhango wo gukebwa kugira ngo bemererwe kurya kuri iyo

Pasika (Kuva 12:43-45). Ameza y’Umwami n’ay’umubiri wa Kristo (1 Abakor 10:16-17, 20-

21).

3. Insobanuro ijyanye n’icy’uko Yesu yashyizeho Pasika “nshya” i Yerusalemu. “Ibi bisobanura neza


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yuko n’i Yerusalemu na ho, Abisirayeli bari bakiri muri Egiputa no mu ‘bucakara’. Mu gihe ibi byaba

bisa n’ibyo gukabya, na none hariho ihuriro hagati yabyo, mu cy’uko [Mariko] akoresha ijambo

ry’Ikigiriki [eksagō] mu kuvuga iby’uko Yesu yasohokanywe inyuma y’umurwa kubambirwayo

(15:20)—ijambo ryagiye rikoreshwa ahandi hose mu Isezerano Rishya mu gusobanura ‘gusohokanwa’

kw’Abisirayeli bavanwa muri Egiputa igihe cya Mose [reba Ibyak 7:36, 40; 13:17; Abaheb 8:9].”

(Walker 1996: 14) Ni mu gitambo cy’urupfu rwa Yesu honyine Isirayeli, n’undi wese, “urya ku mubiri

we, ukanywa no ku maraso ye,” abohorwa akavanwa mu bucakara— ibi ni byo Yesu n’ibindi bice

byose by’Isezerano Rishya byigisha (reba Yoh 8:31-36; Abar 6:1-23; Abaheb 2:14-15).

4. Imyemerere ijyanye n’ikimenyetso kiri mu Ifunguro ry’Umwami ubwaryo. “Ifunguro ry’Umwami

ryashyizweho n’Umwami mu buryo bwo gutangaza yuko ibyo Itorero ririmo rinyuramo mu mateka y’isi

si byo shusho yaryo nyakuri. Iryo Funguro rya Nyuma ubwaryo n’ishusho y’ubuhanuzi bwo mu bundi

buryo, ishusho yerekeza ku Ifunguro rikomeye rizaba ryuzuyemo ibyishimo, iryo Kristo azakorana

n’abigishwa be mu ubwami bw’Imana (Luka 22:15-18; Mariko 14:25; Mat 26:29; 1 Abakor 11:26).

Nuko rero, buri Gaburo Ryera rikozwe n’Itorero riba ryerekeza ku ishusho nyayo (Ibyah 21:2 no

gukomeza).” (Goppelt 1982: 116)

5. Uguhambwa kwa Yesu n’Umunsi Mukuru w’Imitsima Idasembuwe. John Sittema asobanura uburyo

Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru w’Imitsima Idasembuwe: “Muri Isirayeli yo mu Kinjana cya mbere,

Ikirengazuba cyerekanaga intango y’umunsi mushya. Ibi bisobanura yuko Yesu atahambwe kuri Pasika

ahubwo ko yahambwe igihe Umunsi Mukuru w’Imitsima Idasembuwe watangiraga, na cyane-cyane mu

buryo bwo gusohoza ibisabwa: ‘ku munsi wa mbere, mukure mu mazu yanyu icyitwa umusemburo

cyose [Kuva 12:15].’ Insobanuro y’ibi yajyanaga n’ibihe byari gukurikiraho. Yesu ntiyizihizaga

Umunsi Mukuru w’Imitsima Idasembuye nk’Umuyuda wo mu kinjana cya mbere. Yesu yahindutse

umusemburo, uguhambwa kwe ni kwo kwabaye ugutunganywa kw’ubugingo bwacu. Uguhambwa kwe

kwatangaje yuko tudakura umusemburo w’icyaha n’ikibi mu buzima bwacu; ariko we arabikora [reba 2

Abakor 5:21]. Mu magambo akoreshwa mu nyigisho nzima z’Ijambo ry’Imana, nk’Umwagazi

w’Intama wa Pasika, Yesu yarapfuye nk’umusimbura wacu kugira ngo bitangazwe ko twatsindishirijwe

n’ubuntu kubera kwizera. Ikindi, Yesu yahambwe mu cyimbo cyacu, ajyana mu gituro umusemburo

w’icyaha cyacu kugira ngo bitangazwe yuko twerejwe muri We.” (Sittema 2013:61)41

6. Ibisobanuro byo mu buryo bufatika bijyana na Pasika n’Imitsima Idasembuwe. Mu 1 Abakor 5:6-8

Paulo ahuza Pasika n’Imitsima Idasembuwe mu buryo bwo gusobanura ingene tubwirizwa kwitwara

mu buzima bwacu. Aravuga yuko, kubera yuko Kristo, “Pasika yacu” yejejwe ku ubwacu, bityo, twari

dukwiye “gukuraho umusemburo wacu wa kera kugira ngo muhinduke urutare rushya, nk’uko

mwamaze guhinduka abatagira umusemburo.” Sittema yanzura avuga ati, “Bariya bifatanyije na Kristo

kubera kwizera urupfu rwe nk’Umwagazi bifatanya na We mu uguhambwa kwe nk’umusemburo. Muri

We, icyaha cyabo cyakuweho, umusemburo wabo warahanaguwe. . . . Nuko rero mu guhuriza hamwe

izo mpande zombi zo kwezwa, arerekana ibifatika [ibyo Yesu yarangije kudukorera] n’ibyo natwe

dusabwa [uburyo dukwiye kwitwara mu buzima bwacu]: twamaze kwerezwa muri Kristo rwose, kandi

tubwirizwa kwama imbuto zijyanye na kwo.” (Sittema 2013: 62-63)

D. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru w’Umuganura n’uw’Ibyumweru “Umuganura w’Ibibanje Kwera” wizihizaga ibibanje kwera by’umusaruro w’ingano kandi wari kimwe

mu bigize icyumweru kirekire cya Pasika/Umutsima - Udasembuye (Kuva 34:26; Abal 23:10-14). Na none

wari umunsi wa mbere w’igihe cy’iminsi 50 cyarangirira ku Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru (witwaga na none

“Pentekote”) (Abal 23:15-16). Ibyumweru byizihizaga Ibibanje kwera by’umusaruro w’impeke. Bityo,

Ibyumweru witwaga Umunsi Mukuru w’Isarura (Kuva 23:16; 34:22), umunsi wa mbere w’Uwo Munsi Mukuru

witwaga “umunsi w’umuganura” (Kub 28:26). Iyo minsi mikuru yombi yizihizaga umwero Imana yahaye

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Bigaragara yuko Yesu, uwo munsi yabambwaga ni na wo yahambiweho, urugero, mbere y’uko izuba rirenga, ari na cyo

kimenyetso cy’ugutangira umunsi mushya. Impamvu n’uko umunsi wakurikiragaho wari Isabato, aho ata gikorwa na

kimwe (urugero guhamba umuntu) cyari cyemewe gukorwa (Mat 27:57-62; Mariko 15:42-47; Luka 23:50-56; Yoh

19:14, 30-42). Nimba ibyo Sittema avuga ari byo, ukubambwa n’uguhambwa kwa Yesu, byombi byabaye ku munsi wa 15

Werurwe, bityo rero, mu bifatika, n’uko Sittema nta kuri afite igihe yemeza yuko Yesu yashyizwe mu gituro ku wa 15

Werurwe. Ariko na none, ikimenyetso cyerekana yuko 15 Werurwe ari wo munsi umwe wonyine wuzuye; uwo Yesu

yamaze mu gituro; icyakurikiyeyo, Abayuda bakuye mu mazu yabo icyo cyose kijyanye n’umusemburo “mu buryo

bw’imigenzo, ‘agafuka kabaga karimo umusemburo’ karatwitswe igihe cy’amasengesho yo mu gatondo ku wa 14 Werurwe

. . . umunsi nyakuri uwo Mashiach Yeshua yabambwaga, akuraho mu buryo bw’iteka ryose icyaha cyacu n’umusemburo

wo mu buryo bw’umwuka” (Parsons 2016a: “Leaven and the Sacrifice of Yeshua”).


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igihugu, umuganura na wo ukaba wari ikimenyetso cyawo.

1. Nk’uko mu rupfu rwa Yesu ari mo habereye Pasika yacu, mu kuzuka kwe na ho ni mo Ibibanje

Kwera byacu biri. “Pasika yizihizwaga ku wa 14 Nizani (Werurwe), uw’imitsima idasembuwe na wo

ukizihizwa ku wa 15. Kristo yabambwe kimwe n’uko umwagazi wa Pasika watambwaga, mu ijoro

rimwe, ahambwa mu gitondo gikurikira—ku wa cumi na gatandatu w’ukwezi kwa Werurwe (Nizani)—

atangiza Umunsi Mukuru w’Umuganura w’Ibibanje Kwera. Uyu ni wo munsi twita Pasika, umunsi

Yesu yazukiyeho ava mu gituro. . . . Ukuzuka kwa Yesu ari we Mesiya kubona insobanuro yakwo

hakurikijwe impamvu yatumye Imana igushyira ku munsi usanzwe mu ingengabihe y’iminsi mikuru ya

Isirayeli. Imana ntiyabigennye irtyo ari ukugira ngo azagume mu gituro iminsi itatu (nk’uko byagenze

ku ‘kimenyetso cya Yona’ muri Matayo 12:39-41), ariko cyane-cyane kugira ngo umunsi we wo

gufungūra igituro uhwane n’Umunsi Mukuru w’Umuganura w’Ibibanje Kwera. Uwo munsi mukuru uba

utanze ibisobanuro ku ukuzuka: nticyabaye igitangaza cyo mu urwego rw’ubuzima busanzwe gusa

nyuma y’urupfu, ahubwo kwabaye umuseso w’isi nshya nyuma y’urupfu rw’iya kera.” (Sittema 2013:

70-71) Muri 1 Abakor 15:20, 23, Kristo yitwa mu buryo bwihariye “Umwero wa mbere” kuri bariya

bose bari muri Kristo. Bityo, tuzazuka nk’uko na We yazutse mu bapfuye (1 Abakor 15:20-28).

2. Ukwoherezwa kw’Umwuka Wera ku munsi wa Pentekote (“umunsi w’umwero wa mbere”)

byasohoje Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru. Kristo yazutse ava mu bapfuye mu gitondo cy’Icyumweru

nyuma y’Isabato ya Pasika (n’ukuvuga ku Munsi Mukuru w’Umwero wa mbere” Abal 23:15-16; Mat

28:1-6; Mariko 16:1-6; Luka 24:1-6; Yoh 20:1-2). Yiyeretse amatsinda atandukanye y’abantu kumara

iminsi 40 (Ibyak 1:3). Nyuma azamuka mu ijuru nyuma yo kubarira abigihswa be ngo bategerereze i

Yerusalemu isezerano rya Data ryo kubatizwa mu Umwuka Wera (Ibyak 1:4-5). Nyuma y’iminsi cumi

(n’ukuvuga, iminsi 50 nyuma yo kuzuka kwe) “umunsi wa Pentekote wari usohoye” Umwuka Wera

aramanuka yuzura abigishwa ba Yesu (Ibyak 2:1-4). Kristo yasohoje insobanuro nyayo yo mu buryo

bw’umwuka hamwe n’intego nyamukuru y’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru. Ibibanje by’umwero

by’isarura byari bihagarariye umusaruro wose (reba Kub 18:29-30). Mu yandi magambo, guha Imana

iby’umwero wa mbere kuri uwo munsi mukuru byerekanaga “ko ari Yo nyir’ubutaka kandi yuko ari We

batezeho n’ibisigaye mu ndimiro” (Litvin 1987:4). Mu Abar 8:23, Paulo avuga yuko dufite “Umwero

wa mbere w’iby’Umwuka.” Muri 2 Abakor 1:22; 5:5; Abef 5:5 Paulo avuga yuko—kimwe n’umwero

wa mbere w’umusaruro w’ingano watangwaga ku munsi wa Pentekote—twahawe Umwuka Wera nk’

“ingwate” cyangwa se “icyemeza” ukuzuka kwacu, ukwezwa kwacu kwuzuye, n’ubwiza bw’Umwami

buhorana natwe iteka ryose.

Icyongeyeho n’uko, ubwo ibihe byagenda bitambuka, ni na ko insobanuro y’Umunsi Mukuru

w’Ibyumweru yagiye ihinduka. Yahindutse ukwibuka Ugutangwa kw’Amategeko ya Mose (Torah) ku

Musozi wa Sinayi (Rich 1995-2011c:n.p.; Malabuyo 2013: “Ugutegereza Impano”).42 Nk’uko Imana

“yamanukiye mu muriro ku [Musozi wa Sinayi] (Kuva 19:18), ni ko no ku munsi wa Pentekote

“haboneka indimi zigabanije zisa n’umuriro, ururimi rujya ku muntu wese muri bo” (Ibyak 2:3).

Hejuru y’ibi, Umwanditsi w’Umuyuda Tracey Rich avuga yuko, kubara iminsi 50 mbere y’Umunsi

Mukuru w’Ibyumweru (Abal 23:15-16) biba bigamije kutwibutsa ihuriro riri hagati ya Pasika, yibutsa

Kuva, na Shavu’ot [Ibyumweru], byibutsa Ugutangwa kw’Amatageko. Bitwibutsa yuko ugucungurwa

tuvanwa mu bucakara ntikwari bwakuzure kugeza ubwo twaherewe Amategeko.” (Rich 1995-2011a:

n.p.) Iyi ntego iri mu Munsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru yasohoye mu bundi buryo bwimbitse igihe

hatangwaga Umwuka Wera ku munsi wa Penetkote. Amategeko (Torah)—kimwe n’Umwuka Wera

(reba Yoh 14:26; 16:8, 13)—atubwira uburyo dukwiye kwifata mu buzima bwacu, ariko Amategeko

ntaduha ubushobozi bwo gukora icyo dusabwa gukora. Nk’uko Paulo abivuga mu Abagal 3:21-25,

Amategeko ntiyigeze ashobora gutanga ubugingo; ikindi yari umurinzi w’igihe gito kugeza ku ukuza

kwa Yesu azanywe no kuduha ugukiranuka kwe. Twakira Yesu—n’ugukiranuka aduha—kubera

ukwizera. Ariko Kristo yari azi neza yuko, n’ukwizera ubwakwo ntikuduha ubushobozi dukeneye bwo

guhinduka kugira ngo tubeho turi abera. Nuko abwira abigishwa ati, mutegereze kugeza ubwo

muzahabwa “imbaraga Umwuka Wera nazabazaho” (Ibyak 1:8). Igihe Umwuka yasutswe ku bantu ku

munsi wa Pentekote, “ugucungurwa mu bubata kwacu” kwahise kwuzura. Amategeko yo mu Isezerano

rya Kera yari ayo mu buryo bugaragara, yanditswe ku bisate by’amabuye. Ubu na ho, Umwuka Wera

aba hagati muri twe (Ezek 36:26-27; Yoh 14:16-17), amategeko ya Kristo yanditswe mu mutima wacu

(Yer 31:33; Abaheb 8:10) na twe ubwacu, turi “urwandiko rwa Kristo . . . rutandikishijwe wino, kandi

42

Byashoboka yuko urufatizo rw’uyu mugenzo wo mu bihe byakurikiyeho rwaba rushingiye ku byanditswe byo muri

Kuva 19:1-11 (reba Cassuto 1967: 229).


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rutanditswe ku bisate by’amabuye, ahubwo byanditswe ku by’inyama, ari byo mitima yanyu” (2

Abakor 3:3). Linda Beleville abivuga mu nshamake ati, “Ukwizera Kristo kumaze kuza, umumaro

w’Amategeko nk’umurinzi n’umucunga wahise uhagarara, Umwuka Wera aba abaye ihame riri imbere

muri twe rituyobora” (Belleville 1986: 70).

E. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru wo Kuvuza Amahembe Umunsi Mukuru wo Kuvuza Amahembe n’umwe mu Minsi Mikuru itatu y’Icyi (harimo n’Umunsi

Mukuru w’Impongano n’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando). Washyizweho mu Abal 23:23-25; Kub 29: 1-6

nk’icyibutsa [cyangwa se urwibutso]” (Abal 23:24), ariko Ibyanditswe nta cyo bivuga ku bijyanye n’intego

yawo cyangwa se icyo wizihizaga. N’ubwo Abal 2:24 na Kub 29:1 hombi havuga yuko Umunsi Mukuru wo

kuvuza Amahembe wabaga ku munsi wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa karindwi, amoko yandi ya kera “batekerezaga

yuko umwaka watangiraga mu gihe cy’icyi, igihe cy’isarura rya nyuma. Byashoboka neza yuko umunsi Mukuru

wa Bibiliya nk’Umunsi w’Isarura, warangaga intangiriro y’umwaka w’ubuhinzi.” Jacobs 1959:4). Bityo,

Amahembe yaje kumenyekana nka Rosh Ha-Shanah (“umutwe w’umwaka”) kandi yatangazaga umwaka

mushya w’igihugu kandi agatangaza Umunsi wakurikiragaho w’Ihongerero. Iminsi yari hagati ya Rosh ha-

Shanah na Yom Kippur (Umunsi w’Ihongerero) “ikunze kumenyekana nk’Iminsi ya Awe (Yamim Noraim)

cyangwa se Iminsi yo Kwihana. Iki n’igihe cy’uko buri wese yirebaga mu mutima we, igihe cyo kureba ibyaha

byakozwe mu mwaka utambutse no kwihana mbere yuko uwo munsi Mukuru witwa Yom Kippur ugera.” (Rich

1995-2011b: n.p.) Umunsi Mukuru wo Kuvuza Amahembe wasohoye igihe Yesu yaza ku isi ubwa mbere.43

1. Umurimo mukuru w’Umunsi Mukuru w’Amahembe wari ugutangariza ku gihe umuzo w’ibihe

bishya—intangiriro y’umwaka mushya. Ukuza kw’isi kwa Yesu ubwa mbere kwarabikoze.

a. Yesu ubwe yamamaje mu buryo buziguye yuko Luka 4:18-19 igihe yakoreshaga amagambo

yo muri Yes 61:1-2 yuko yatumwe “umwaka w’imbabazi z’Uwiteka.” Muri Luka 4:21 yavuze

ati, “uyu munsi ibyo byanditswe bisohoreye mu matwi yanyu.”

b. Icy’uko ukuza ku isi kwa mbere kwa Kristo kwatangaje intango y’ “iminsi ya nyuma” iyo

tubamo ubu ngubu kandi bizakomeza kugeza igihe azagarukira (Ibyak 2:16-17; Abaheb 1:2;

Yak 5:1-3; 1 Pet 1:20; 1 Yoh 2:18). 2 Abakor 5:17 na ho hemeza “ibishya” Kristo azana,

“Nuko rero, iyo umutu ari muri Kristo, aba ari icyaremwe gishya [cyangwa se, “ukuremwa”];

ibya kera biba bishize; dore byose biba bihindutse bishya.”

c. Ukuza ku isi kwa mbere kwa Kristo kwahinduye ibihe kubikura muri Mbere ya Kristo (BC =

Before Christ) kukabiganisha kuri “Mu Mwaka w’Umwami wacu”) [AD = “anno domini” =

“In the year of the Lord”). Na bariya badakoresha MKY = BC [Mbere yo Kuvuka kwa Yesu] –

NKY= AD [Nyuma yo Kuvuka kwa Yesu]—ariko bagakoresha indome nka [“CE” = “Common

Era” = Ibihe Bihuriweho na Bose na “BCE” = “Before Common Era” = Mbere y’Ibihe

Bihuriweho na Bose]—ariko na none bemera neza yuko habayeho impinduka y’ibihe kubera

ukuza kwa mbere ku isi kwa Kristo. Amatariki avugwa yoyo n’amwe ariko mu by’ukuri, bariya

bakoresha BCE na CE n’abadashaka kwemera ko Kristo ari Umwami.

2. Yesu yasohoje impamvu z’imigenzo y’Abayuda nk’ukuvuza Shofar (“ihembe ry’impfizi y’intama) ku

Munsi Mukuru w’Amahembe. Muri 942 Nyuma yo Kuvuka kwa Yesu (NKY), umwigisha uhambaye

w’Umunyababuloni, Saadi Gaon, yatanze impamvu icumi zatumaga Abayuda bavuza shofar igihe

cy’Umunsi Mukuru w’Amahembe (Jacobs 1959:44-48). Izo mpamvu zose zerekeza kuri Kristo mu

buryo buziguye cyangwa se butaziguye:

a. Imana ikomerwa amashyi nk’Umwami igihe cyo gutaha Umwaka Mushya. Kristo n’Umwami

w’Abami, Umutware w’Abatware kandi afite ubutware bwose (Mat 28:18; Ibyak 2:36; Abef

1:20-22; Abafil 2:9-11; Abakol 2:9-10; 1 Pet 3:22; Ibyah 17:14; 19:16). Igihe yabambwaga,

ikimenyetso cyashyizwe hejuru y’umutwe wa Yesu ni “Umwami w’Abayuda” (Mat 27:37;

Mariko 15:26; Luka 23:28; Yoh 19:19).

b. Rosh Ha-Shanah n’umunsi utangiza Iminsi Icumi y’Igihano. Kristo yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru

w’Ihongerwa, uwo iyo minsi icumi yari yerekejweho.

c. Amategeko (Torah) yatangiwe ku musozi Sinai aherekejwe n’impanda ya Shofar (ihembe

ry’impfizi y’intama). Kristo ni We Muntu mushya utanga amategeko, uruta Mose (Mat 5:1-48).

43

Abantu benshi batanga ibitekerezo yuko Amahembe afitanye isano n’ukugaruka kwa Kristo kubera yuko ibice

bitandukanye bya Bibiliya bivuga yuko ukugaruka kwa kabiri n’ukuzuka kw’abapfuye bizatangazwa n’ “impanda”

z’abamalayika (reba Mat 24:31; 1 Abakor 15:52; 1 Abates 4:16). Abandi bantu bavuga yuko Amahembe asa n’afite isano

n’ “impanda z’ugucirwaho iteka” nk’uko bivugwa mu Ibyah 8:1-9:21; 11:15-19. Ibyo bitekerezo byombi byirengagiza

ingingo eshatu zizweho muri iki gice.


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d. Abahanuzi bagereranya inama bajya baha abantu n’impanda ya Shofar. Yesu n’umuhanuzi

kimwe na Mose, uwo Imana yari yaratanzeho isezerano (reba Gut 18:15, 18-19; Yoh 1:45;

6:14; Ibyak 3:20-23).

e. Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu rwasenywe impanda zivuga, kandi igihe baba barimo bizihiza

umwaka mushya, Abayuda baba barimo berekeza amaso yabo ku ukugarura ubwiza bw’Imana

nk’uko byajya bigenda kera. Yesu yasohoje kandi yasimbuye urusengero n’igihugu ubwacyo.

f. Mu Itang 22 umwana w’intama wapfuye mu umwanya wa Isaka. Inkuru yose ya Aburahamu

na Isaka yavugaga ku ukubambwa kwa Kristo. Nk’uko Isaka yari “umwana umwe” w’ [ikinege]

(Itang 22:2) ni na ko Yesu yari “umwana w’ikinege” w’Imana (Yoh 3:16). Nk’uko Isaka ari we

wikoreye inkwi zo kumutwika, ni na kwo Yesu ari We wikoreye umusaraba we (Yoh 19:17).

Nk’uko Aburahamu yavuze yuko “Imana iribwibonere umwana w’intama” (Itang 22:8)

w’igitambo, ni na kwo Imana yiboneye Yesu Kristo, “umwagazi w’intama w’Imana ukuraho

ibyaha by’ab’isi” (Yoh 1:29; reba na none Ibyah 5:6). Nk’uko Isaka yubashye ubushake bwa

se, kugeza ku ntambwe y’ugupfa, ni ko na Yesu yubashye ubushake bwa Se kugeza ku ugupfa

(Mat 26:39; Abafil 2:8). Nk’uko imbere ya Aburahamu, Isaka yasa n’ “uwapfuye” kumara irya

minsi itatu yose y’urugendo rwabo (Itang 22:4), ni na ko Yesu yabaye mu mva kumara iminsi

itatu (Mat 12:40; Luka 24:21). Nkuko Aburahamu yizeye yuko Imana izazura Isaka imukura

mu bapfuye (Abaheb 11:19), ni na ko Yesu na We yazuwe mu bapfuye (Mat 28:1-6; Mariko

16:1-13; Luka 24:1-6; Yoh 20:1-28). Abaheb 11:19 (NASB) havuga yuko Aburahamu

yahawe Isaka ubugira kabiri nk’ “urugero”. Augustine yavuze ati, “Mbese ni nde wundi yari a

[umwana w’intama] hagarariye keretse Yesu, We, mbere yuko abambwa, yambitswe ikamba

ry’amahwa?” (Augustine 1950: 16.32)

g. Amosi 3:6 arabaza ati, “Mbese impanda yavugirizwa mu mudugudu abantu ntibagire

ubwoba?” Amarangamutima y’umurava n’icyubahiro, n’ukwubahwa duha ubuzima na Nyene

kubutanga bikangurwa n’impanda. Yesu arinda ubuzima bwacu kandi “ni We Kurabagirana

kw’ubwiza bwayo, n’ishusho ya kamere yayo, kandi akaba ari we uramiza byose ijambo

ry’imbaraga ze” (Abaheb 1:3).

h. Zef 1:16 havuga ku Umunsi w’Imanza nk’umusi w’impanda n’induru.” Kristo ni We uzacira

imanza abakiriho n’abapfuye (Mat 7:22-23; Yoh 5:22; Ibyak 10:42; 17:31; Abar 14:10; 2

Abakor 5:10; 2 Tim 4:1; Juda 14-15; Ibyah 19:11). Mu nsobanuro nyayo, urwo rubanza

rwaramaze gusohora nk’ingaruka y’uburyo abantu bakiriye Yesu (Yoh 3:17-19), n’ubwo ukwo

guca imanza bizarangirira ku ukugaruka kwa kabiri (Mat 13:24-30, 36-43, 47-50; 16:27;

25:31-46; Yoh 12:48; Abar 2:1-16; 1 Abakor 4:5; 2 Abates 1:6-10; Ibyah 22:12).

i. Yes 27:13 havuga ku ihembe ry’impfizi y’intama rizatangaza ukuza kwa Mesiya uzagarura

abatatanye ba Isirayeli mu gihugu cyabo. Yesu ni We Mesiya (Yoh 4:25-26). Yagaruye

Isirayeli nshya, nyakuri mu “gihugu” cy’agakiza kabo n’uburuhukiro bwabo.

j. Ihembe ry’intama [shofar] rizavuzwa ku munsi w’Ukuzuka. Yesu ni we kuzuka n’ubugingo

(Yoh 11:25). Ukuzuka kwa Yesu ubwe kwamaze gusohora. Ni we “buriza” bw’ukuzuka kwo

mu buryo rusange (1 Abakor 15:22) kuzasohora “ku gihe cy’impanda ya nyuma” (1 Abakor

15:51-52).

3. Umunsi Mukuru wo kuvuza Amahembe ushobora kuba warimo werekeza ku Isezerano Rikuru

Rishya n’Itorero. Bibiliya ntitanga impamvu isobanutse ijyana n’Umunsi Mukuru wo Kuvuza

Amahembe cyangwa se impamvu wiswe Rosh Ha-Shamah. Impamvu ebyiri ni zo zavuzwe mu

gusobanura Amahembe zerekezaga kuri Kristo n’Itorero:

a. Isezerano Rikuru Rishya. Lev Leigh atwibutsa yuko Abal 23:24 bavuze yuko Umunsi

Mukuru w’Amahembe wari kuba “urwibutso” cyangwa se “ikimenyetso.” Ibi bisobanura yuko

icyari gikwiye kwibukwa cyari cyarangije kubaho mbere y’iri tegeko” (Leigh 2016: n.p.).

Akomeza avuga yuko “icyabayeho cy’intashyikirwa—cyahujwe n’ukuvuza amahembe [Kuva

19:13, 16-19]—urwo rwibutso rwa ngombwa [rwari] Imana yahamagariraga abana ba Isirayeli

kwinjira mu isezerano rikuru: Isezerano ryahawe Mose [Kuva 19:5]. Mu iyerekwa ryo mu

buryo butangaje, Imana yagaragaje ubwiza bwayo mu umwotsi n’umuriro ku musozi Sinayi—

ubwo yari izanywe n’ukwinjira mu isezerano n’ubwoko bwayo hagati mu ijwi ry’impanda

ryatumye abantu bahinda umushyitsi. Bemera gukora icyo ari cyose Uwiteka ari bubategeke

gukora. Iki kintu cyari gikwiye kwiyandika mu ubwenge bw’Abisirayeli mu buryo

butazimangana. Buri mwaka, igihe cy’Umunsi Mukuru w’Amahembe, urwo rusaku

rw’amahembe rwibutsaga Isirayeli yuko ari ubwoko bugendera munsi y’isezerano ry’Imana,


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ubwoko bwemeye inshingano zo kuba ubwoko bw’Imana.” (Ibid.) Yanzura avuga yuko

ibijyanye n’Amahembe bisohorera mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya (Mat 26:28; Luka 22:20):

“Twebwe abemeye kuyoborwa n’iri Sezerano Rikuru Rishya, tubwirizwa kujya twibuka ibi

igihe cyose tuzaba turi ku Meza y’Umwami. Umutsima n’Igikombe bitwibutsa ibyasohoye

bitangaje wa munsi w’urupfu rw’Umwami n’igihe cy’ukuzuka kwe. Bitwibutsa inshingano

zacu zijyanye n’uko turi Ubwoko bugendera munsi y”Isezerano Rikuru Rishya. Turihana,

tukagaragaza ukwicuza icyaha cyacu cy’uko twananiwe no kugendera muri uyu muhamagaro

uhambaye kandi wera. Kubera ukwizera amaraso ya Yesu yamenywe, tubona ugutwikirirwa

ibyaha kwacu bivuye mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya.” (Ibid.)

b. Umuhamya w’Itorero. Mu IK, Amahembe yakoreshwaga ku mpamvu nyinshi, harimo

gukangura abantu, kwishimira intsinzi nyuma y’intambara, gutangaza inkuru nziza, kuramya

Uwiteka, no kuvuza ikondera (reba, urugero, Kub 10:1-10; Yos 6:4-20; Abac 6:34; 7:16-22; 1

Sam 13:3; 2 Sam 6:15; 15:10; 20:22; 1 Abami 1:34-39; 2 Ngoma 5:13; 7:6; 29:27-28; Neh 4:20; Zab 98:6; 150:3; Yer 4:5; Ezek 33:1-9; Amosi 3:6). Amahembe ntiyijyanaga ahubwo

yagendanaga n’ukwamamaza itangazo, ukugabisha, cyangwa se agakoreshwa n’abaramyaga

(reba Yos 6:5, 20; Abac 6:34; 7:16-20; 1 Sam 13:3; 2 Sam 6:15; 15:10; 1 Abami 1:34, 39; 2

Ngoma 5:13; 7:6; 29:27-28; Zab 98:6; Yer 4:5; Ezek 33:3, 7). John Sittema avuga yuko

Amahembe cyari Ikigereranyo cyasohorezwaga mu cyo “Iryo hembe ryahamagariraga abantu

gukora”, ubuhamya n’ukubwiriza bikorwa n’Itorero: “Bahawe imbaraga n’Ubushizi

bw’amanga n’Umwuka wa Penetekote, uyobowe n’intumwa n’ababwirizabutumwa, ariko na

none, buri muyoboke akabigiramo uruhare, [itorero] rigatangaza icyo Umwami waryo asaba:

‘Imana yacu iraganje! Mumwakire! Mwihane ibyaha byanyu, mwizere Umwana wayo,

Muramye Umwami!’” (Sittema 2013:99)

F. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi w’Impongano Umunsi w’Impongano n’ “urugero” rwari rwerekeje ku urupfu kwa Kristo ku musaraba. Iby’ingenzi mu

mihango yakorwaga ku Munsi w’Impongano byari “ibigereranyo” byerekezaga kuri Kristo: imihango

yakorerwaga mu rusengero (Abal 16:23, 20, 33)—Kristo ni we rusengero nyakuri (Yoh 1:14; 2:18-22);

umutambyi mukuru ni we ukora iyo mihango (Abal 16:2-3, 32-33)—Kristo ni We mutambyi mukuru wacu

(Abaheb 4:14-15; 5:5-10; 8:1-6; 9:11; 10:21); ikimasa n’ihene byaratambwaga nk’igitambo cyo guhongera

ibyaha; nyuma amaraso yabyo akamenwa (Abal 16:8-9, 15)—Kristo yabambiwe ibyaha byacu, amaraso ye

aramenwa (Abaheb 7:27; 9:12, 14, 26, 28); umutambyi mukuru yinjiraga ahera cyane inyuma y’umwenda

wakingiraga ahera (Abal 16:12-15)—Umubiri wa Kristo ni wo mwenda ukingira ahera (Abaheb 10:19-20)

kandi yinjiye ahera cyane h’ukuri (Abaheb 8:1-2; 9:11-12, 24); amaraso y’ihene yamijagirwaga ku ntebe

y’ihongerero (Abal 16:14-15)—Kristo ni We ntebe y’Ihongerero (Abar 3:25, Kuva 25:17 LXX); ibyaha

by’igihugu byagerekwaga ku ihene y’igitambo (Abal 16:20-21)—Kristo yikoreye ibyaha byacu (Yes 53:4-5;

Abaheb 9:28; 1 Pet 2:24) ahinduka icyaha kubera twe (2 Abakor 5:21); ihene y’igitambo yajyanwaga mu

butayu (Abal 16:21-22)—Kristo yajyanywe mu butayu bukomeye bwo gutandukanywa n’Imana (Yes 53:8;

Mat 27:46); intumbi z’ibikoko byatanzweho ibitambo yatwikirwaga inyuma y’urugo (Abaheb 13:11; reba

Edersheim 1988: 324)—“Ni cyo cyatumye na Yesu ababarizwa inyuma y’irembo, kugira ngo yejeshe abantu

amaraso ye” (Abaheb 13:12).

1. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’amaraso y’inyamaswa n’amaraso ya Kristo. Abalewi 16-17 havuga ku

umumaro w’igitambo cy’amaraso kugira ngo habeho ihongererwa ry’icyaha. Ukuvisha amaraso

y’igikoko agenewe gutangwaho igitambo byari ngombwa ku umutambyi mukuru kugira ngo abone

amaraso yari akeneye guserukana ahera h’ahera n’ayo kumijagira ku ntebe y’ihongerero. Abaheburayo

7-10 herekana yuko igitambo cya Kristo ku musaraba cyari icyo Umunsi w’Ihongerero wasobanuraga

yuko hari ‘ikintu cyo gutanga’ kugira ngo Kristo ashobore kuba yakora nk’umutambyi (8:3)” (Nelson

2003: 254). Amaraso bwite ya Kristo yari afite agaciro ko hejuru cyane karenze ak’amaraso

y’inyamaswa. “Imihango ya kera nta mumaro yari ifite kuko yakoreshaga amaraso y’inyamaswa kandi

yuko icyo gikorwa cyo kuyatamba cyagenda kigaruka uko ibihe byacyo byagenda bigaruka (10:1-4);

igikorwa cy’ubutambyi cya Kristo cyakozwe rimwe gusa kandi cyasabye amaraso ye bwite

nk’ishikanwa rye ubwe (7:27; 9:25-26). Icyo Kristo yakoze n’urugero nyarwo rw’itegeko riri mu

Ibyanditswe yuko kwezwa cyangwa se guhumanuka bishoboka ari uko habayeho gukoresha amaraso

mu buryo bw’umuhango (9:13-14, 21-23). Ariko amaraso ye afite umumaro kurushiriza kuko yari aye

bwite, imbuto iva mu ukwitanga kuvuye ku ukwubaha bikorwa mu buryo bw’ ‘umwuka w’iteka ryose’,

bityo ikinyuranyo cyo mu buryo bwuzuye kiri hagati y’ikintu cyo mu buryo bugaragara cyangwa se


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bw’igihe gito (9:12). Imbuto yo gucungura n’ukweza by’amaraso ye iri imbere kandi n’iy’iteka ryose

kuruta icyo mu buryo bugaragara kandi kidahoraho (9:12-14; bihuze na 10:1-4).” (Ibid.: 256)

2. Itandukaniro hagati y’ahera aho umutambyi mukuru yinjiraga n’ahera Kristo yinjiraga. Icy’ingenzi ku

Munsi w’Ihongerero cyari icy’uko umutambyi mukuru yinjiraga imbere mu ubwiza bw’Imana ahera

h’ahera, inyuma y’igitambaro, agashyira amaraso y’igitambo ku ntebe y’ihongerero kugira ngo yeze

ibintu byera n’igihugu ngo bivemo umwanda n’icyaha (Abal 16:2-19). Itandukaniro rihari, kubera

ukuzuka kwe n’ukujya mu ijuru kwe, Kristo yinjiye mu “ijuru ubwaryo” (Abaheb 9:24; reba na none

Abaheb 4:14; 8:1-2), ahera h’imbere inyuma y’igitambaro” (Abaheb 6:19-20, RSV). Bityo, Kristo

akora nk’uhohoterwa, akongera agakora nk’umutambyi mukuru: nk’uhohoterwa, amaraso ye nta nenge

yagiraga kubera yuko nta cyaha yakoze mu buzima bwe kandi yuko nta cyaha yabarwagaho (9:12-14;

Abaheb 10:4-10); nk’umutambyi mukuru, yari intungane kuko amaraso yatambye atari ay’ugutwikira

ibyaha bye (Abaheb 7:26-27; 9:7). Ikigeretseho, umutambyi mukuru yamijagiraga amaraso ahera cyane

inyuma y’umwenda wakingiraga Ahera. Yesu yapfiriye imbere ya rubanda, kandi igihe yapfaga,

“umwenda ukingiriza Ahera cyane h’urusengero utabukamo kabiri, utangirira hejuru, ugeza hasi”

(Mat 27:51). Ibi bintu bibiri bisobanura uburyo Yesu yasohoje ihongererwa ry’ibyaha kuri buri wese

umwizera, bitandukanye n’uko ibyaha by’igihugu kimwe byatwikirwaga kumara igihe cy’umwaka

umwe.

3. Itandukaniro hagati y’ubutayu aho ihene yoherwaga n’uburyo Kristo yatandukanyijwe na Data. “Ku

munsi w’Ihongererwa umumaro wa ya hene yagenewe kwoherwa n’umwe gusa: Yari ishusho

y’ugukurwaho (ahantu hatagenewe ikintu na kimwe) kw’icyaha cya Isirayeli. Bityo, amaraso y’ihene

imwe ajyanwa Ahera Kuruta ahandi Hose, mu gihe ihene yagenewe koherwa ijyanwa kure cyane

y’Imana (mu butayu).” (Williamson 2007: 110) Kubera yuko iteka ryose Yesu yari yagendanye na Data

mu buryo butunganye, burangwamo urukundo. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, ku musaraba, Yesu yikoreye

ibyaha byacu (Yes 53:4-5), na “Guhemurwa no gucirwaho iteka, ni byo byamukujeho; mu bo mu gihe

cye, ni nde yitayeho ko yakuwe mu isi y’abazima?” (Yes 53:8). “Muri Matayo 10:28, Yesu avuga yuko

nta gusenywa kwo mu buryo bufatika kuriho kwashobora kugereranywa n’ugusenywa kwo mu buryo

bw’umwuka kwa gihenomu, bwo kuva imbere y’ubwiza bw’Imana. Ariko ibi ni byo byashikiye Yesu

ku musaraba—yahebwe na Data (Matayo 27:46). . . . Igihe yatakaga avuga yuko Imana ye yamuhebye,

yarimo ahura na gihenomu ubwayo. Ariko, reba neza—nimba umwenda wacu kubera icyaha ari munini

mu buryo bw’uko utashobora kurangirizwa aho hantu, ariko gihenomu yacu ikaba iriho kugeza iteka

ryose, none n’iki twavuga duhereye ku cyo Yesu yavuze yuko ikiguzi ‘birarangiye’ (Yohana 19:30)

nyuma y’amasaha atatu yonyine? Tubwirwa yuko ibyo yahuye na byo ku musaraba byari bibi kandi byo

mu buryo bwimbitse hejuru ya za gihenomu zacu twese hamwe.” (Keller n.d.: n.p.) Icy’uko ihene

yagenewe koherwa mu butayu ni gito ugereranyije n’uburyo Yesu yajyanywe kure yo mu maso ya Data.

4. Itandukaniro hagati y’ibyo ibitambo byakoraga ku bantu. Abaheb 9:9 havuga yuko impano

n’ibitambo byatingirwaga ku rusengero—harimo n’ibitambo byatambwaga ku Munsi w’Ihongerero—

“ntibishobora kweza umutima w’ubitambiwe.” Ku rundi ruhande, Abaheb 9:14 havuga hati, “nkanswe

amaraso ya Kristo, witambiye Imana atagira inenge, ku bw’Umwuka w’iteka; ntazarushaho

guhumanura imitima yanyu, akayezaho imirimo ipfuye, kugira ngo mubone uko mukorera Imana

ihoraho?” Mu yandi magambo, ibitambo byatambwaga ku Munsi w’Impongano ntibyashoboraga

gutunganya umuntu imbere muri we. Kristo wenyine ni we ushobora gusohoza uguhinduka kw’imbere.

G. Yesu yasohoje Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando (Ibirere) wari uwa nyuma ugereranyije n’indi yo mu gihe cy’icyi.

Wamaraga icyumweru kandi wibutsaga ukuzerera kwo mu butayu. Wizihiza na none irangiza ry’igikorwa

cy’ugusarura cy’icyi. Ukwizihiza igikorwa cy’ukuzerera mu butayu, abantu babwirizwa kumara iminsi barara

mu ngando, barara mu nzu zikozwe mu birere (ingando) muri icyo gihe cyose cy’icyumweru uwo munsi

mukuru wamaraga (Kuva 23:16-17; 34:22-23; Abal 23:33-43; Kub 29:12-38; Guteg 16:13-15). Umunsi

Mukuru w’Ingando wasohojwe igihe Yesu yazaga ku isi inshuro ya mbere.

1. Yoh 1:14 avuga ati, “Jambo [n’ukuvuga, Yesu] yabaye umuntu, abana natwe.” Ijambo “abana”

n’ishusho y’inshinga (skēnoō) y’ijambo “ingando” (skēnē). Bityo, Bibiliya NASB hafite insobanuro kuri

Yoh 1:14 havuga, “cyangwa se batujwe mu mahema; n’ukuvuga, yabayeho igihe gito.” Kimwe

n’ibirere byakozwe n’abantu bitari bifite ishusho nziza, nta na kimwe kivuga ibijyanye n’ukugaragara

kwa Yesu ku isi byadukururira kuri We (Yes 53:2).

2. Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando wizihiza uburyo Imana yabohoje Isirayeli bakurwa mu bucakara muri

Egiputa n’ukuzerera kwabo mu butayu mu rugendo rwabo rwabaganisha mu gihugu cy’isezerano (Abal


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23:42-43). Yesu ni we Mose mushya kandi mukuru kuruta Mose wa mbere, hejuru yo kubohora abantu

abakura mu bucakara bwo mu buryo bugaragara, anabohora abantu abakura mu bucakara bwo mu buryo

bw’umwuka ari bwo cyaha n’urupfu kugira ngo “turangwe n’imyitwarire mishya” (Yoh 1:29; Abar

6:3-23). Yesu yageragejwe na Satani mu butayu nk’uko Isirayeli na yo yageragejwe (Mat 4:1-11; Luka

4:1-13). N’ubwo bimeze bityo, bitandukanye n’ibijyanye na Isirayeli, Yesu ntiyaheranywe n’ibyo

bigeragezo. Igihe yageragezwaga, Yesu yifashishije amagambo ya Mose ku bijyanye n’amateka ya

Isirayeli mu butayu igihe yasubizaga ku bibazo bya Satani (Guteg 8:3; 6:13, 16). Bityo, mu buzima

bwe, Yesu yasohoje buri kintu cyose kijyanye n’uburyo Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando wari “ishusho.”

3. Igihe Yesu yari akiri ku isi, igice cy’ingenzi cy’ukwizihiza Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando i Yerusalemu

cyari umuhango wo “kumijagira amazi” aho abatambyi bamijagiraga amazi na vino ku Uwiteka ku

Rusengero (Carson 1991: 321-22; Hillyer 1970: 46-48). Igihe cyo gutegura igitambo cyoswa, imihango

yakorwaga n’abatambyi ijyanye n’uko bagenda bavuzaga umwironge, bakaririmba uhereye mu

rusengero ukageza ku Kidendezi cya Silowamu aho umutambyi yuzuzaga amazi agacuma gakoze mu

izahabu igihe abaririmbyi babaga barimo baririmba Yes. 12:3: ‘Ni cyo gituma muzavomana ibyishimo

mu mariba y’agakiza’ (reba Mishnah Sukkah 4:9; 5:1; Talmud Sukkah 48b). Ikidendezi cya Silowamu

cyari ihuriro ry’amazi kubera igisima cyitwaga Gihon; aho abantu b’i Yerusalemu bakuraga amazi.

Abayuda bafataga ayo masōko yatangaga amazi akwiriye kunyobwa nk’amasōko y’ ‘amazi

y’ubugingo.’ Amazi y’ubugingo yafatwaga nk’amazi yo mu urwego rwo hejuru kuruta andi yose

akwiriye gukoreshwa mu gihe cy’imihango yo guhumanura.” (Satterfield 1998: 5) “Mu bitekerezo

by’Abayuda, iyi mihango y’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando yari ifitanye isano n’Uburyo Uwiteka yahaye

Abisirayeli amazi igihe bari mu butayu hamwe n’uburyo Umwami azasuka Umwuka we ku baremwe

mu bihe bya nyuma. Muri uyu Munsi Mukuru w’Ingando n’ikimenyetso cy’ibihe bya Mesiya aho isōko

izaturika iva mu rutare ruhezagiye ikageza amazi ku isi yose.” (Carson 1991: 322)

Ni muri uwo murongo nyene—ku Rusengero, mu gihe cy’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando ubwawo

(Yoh 7:2, 37)—ko Yesu “yahagaze avuga cyane ati, ‘Umuntu nagira inyota aze aho ndi anywe.

Unyizera, imigezi y’amazi y’ubugingo izatemba iva mu nda ye, nk’uko Ibyanditswe bivuga.’”

Ibisobanuro by’ “amagambo Yesu yavuze birumvikana neza cyane: Ni we ugusohozwa kw’ibyavuzwe

ku bijyanye n’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando byose. Nimba Yesaya yashoboye gutumira abanyotewe kuza

kunywa ku mazi (Yes. 55:1), Yesu yatangazaga yuko ari We utanga ayo mazi.” (Carson 1991: 322-23)

Amagambo ya Yesu muri Yoh 7:37-38 ku bijyanye n’ “amazi y’ubugingo” akomoza ku umubare

w’ibyanditswe byo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Muri byo harimo: amazi yavuye mu rutare mu butayu,

Kuva 17:1-6; uruzi rutembamo amazi y’ubugingo mu rusengero rwa Ezekiyeli, Ezek 47:1-11; amazi

atemba mu bihe bishya ava i Yerusalemu yerekeza ku nyanja z’i burasirazuba n’i buregerazuba, Zak

14:8 (reba na none Zab 78:15-16; 105:40-41) (Balfour 1995: 368-78). Yivugaho nka We rutare,

urusengero rushya, Yerusalemu nshya, n’amazi y’ubugingo, Yesu yarimo avuga yuko ibyo byanditswe

byo mu Isezerano rya Kera birimo bisohora none: umutwenzi w’ibihe bishya bya nyuma urageze.

4. Igihe Yesu yari akiri ku isi, ibindi birori bibera mu Rusengero byo kwizihiza Umunsi Mukuru

w’Ingando: Amatabaza ane manini cyane yarakijwe, kandi mu ijoro, abantu bizihiza uwo munsi mukuru

bafite mu maboko yabo amatara yakije; umucyo uturutse mu Rusengero umurikira Yerusalemu yose

(Carson 1991: 337; Hillyer 1970:49-50). Yesu yahereye kuri ibyo avuga ati, “Ni jye mucyo w’isi:

Unkurikira ntazagenda mu mwijima na hato, ahubwo azaba afite umucyo w’ubugingo.” (Yoh 8:12).44

Na none, Yesu yongera kuvuga yuko Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando wasohoreye muri We (reba na none

Yoh 3: 19-21; 1 Yoh 1:5-7).

5. Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando n’irangiza ry’isarura (“Umunsi Mukuru wo Guhurira hamwe”). Ihuriro

hagati y’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando n’Isarura hamwe n’uburyo Isirayeli yarangije inshingano yahawe

yo kuzana amoko yose ku Mana (Zak 14:16-21) ryasohoreye muri Yesu.

a. Yesu ni we Umunsi Mukuru w’Isarura werekezaho. Ihuriro ry’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando ku

isarura hamwe n’irangizwa rya misiyo ya Isirayeli yo gukoraniriza hamwe amahanga yose no

kuyageza ku Umwami (Zak 14:16-21) risanga isohozwa ryayo muri Yesu. Nk’uko twabibonye

haruguru, Yesu ni We Isirayeli nshya kandi nyakuri. Yoh 11:52 havuga neza yuko Yesu arimo

atororokanya abantu be kandi ibi birimo bisohora none (reba na none Yoh 10:16; Ibyah 5:9;

7:9). Isarura rye ntirishingira ku hantu Isirayeli cyangwa se Yerusalemu bibarizwa none.

Ahubwo, Yesu yavuze yuko ukumanikwa kwe ku mpamvu y’urupfu rwe ku musaraba ni byo

44

Ibyanditswe bya mbere byo mu Kigiriki ntibirimo Yoh 7:53-8:11. Ahubwo, Yoh 8:12 ni ho hahita hakurikira Yoh 7:52.

Bityo, ibijyanye na 8:12 bisa n’ibihuye n’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando (Carson 1991: 333-37).


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bizatuma “nzirehereza abantu bose” (Yoh 12:32). “Yesu, aho kuba ‘igihugu cy’isezerano’ ni

We amaso yerekezaho muri iryo ‘sarura’ ritegerezanijwe amatsiko” (Walker 1996: 189). Bityo,

Zak 14:16 ntarimo agaragaza ibyishimo bye byo kujya gusengera Uwiteka mu umurwa wo kuri

iyi si (reba Yoh 4:21-24). N’ubwo ubuhanuzi bwa Zakariya (kimwe n’ubundi buhanuzi bwo mu

Isezerano rya Kera) bukoresha imvugo n’ibimenyetso bya Isirayeli yo mu buryo bufatika yo mu

Isezerano rya Kera (ibyo abantu b’icyo gihe berekezaho ibitekerezo byabo), mu by’ukuri

bwerekeza kuri Kristo ubwe, Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru, umurwa utubakishijwe intoke, “uwo

Imana yubatse, ikawurema” (Abaheb 11:8-10; 12:18-24).45

b. Imiterere y’ibisarurwa. Ibisarurwa n’abantu bo mu isi “bo mu miryango yose, no mu ndimi

zose, no mu moko yose, no mu mahanga yose” (Mat 9:36; Luka 10:1; Ibyah 5:9; 7:9). Ubu,

Yesu yarangije gutaha umunsi mukuru w’isarura ku mugaragaro. Yavuze ati, “imirima imaze

kwera ngo isarurwe”. Yongeraho ati, “ibisarurwa ni byinshi, ariko abasuruzi ni bake. Nuko

rero mwinginge nyir’ibisarurwa, yohereze abasaruzi mu bisarurwa bye” (Mat 9:37-38; Luka

10:2). Mu “Nshingano Nkuru” (Mat 28:18-20), Yesu yohereje abigishwa be ngo bagende mu

isi yose bahindure abantu bose abigishwa. Ubu rero abantu barimo binjira mu ubwami bwe

cyangwa se barimo babwanga. “Icy’uko intangiriro y’ibihe bya Mesiya izagaragarira i

Yerusalemu mbere y’ahandi hose aho inkuru nziza yo kwihana no guharirwa ibyaha

yatangarijwe mbere y’ahandi hose [Luka 24:47; reba na none Ibyak 1:8], bivuga kugarura

ibyavuzwe mu masezerano akubiye mu Isezerano rya Kera avuga ku uguhinduka

kw’Abanyamahanga mu bihe bya nyuma (Yes. 2:2-5 [Mika 4:1-4]; 14:2; 45:14; 49:22-23; 55:5;

66:20; Yer. 16:19-21; Zef. 3:9-10; Zak. 8:20-23; 14:16-19). Mu gihe Abayuda bari biteze yuko

amahanga azava ‘hanze’ akinjira i Yerusalemu nka ho huriro ryayo, Yesu ategeka abigishwa be

kujyana ubutumwa mu mahanga yose bahereye i Yerusalemu.” (Pao na Schnabel 2007: 401).

Nuko rero, abizera ni bo bakozi mu bisarurwa, kandi ni bo “bisarurwa bya mbere” (Yak 1:18;

Ibyah 14:4).

6. Kubera yuko byari bihwanye n’irangizwa ry’igikorwa cy’isarura, Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando na wo

watanze insobanuro ijyanye n’ibyo mu bihe bya nyuma. Kumbure, hashingiwe ku ihuriro riri hagati

y’amazi n’ibisarurwa, Zakariya 14 hasomwaga ku munsi wa mbere ubanziriza iminsi igize uwo munsi

mukuru (Carson 1991: 322; Balfour 1995: 376). Ingando “zerekezaga ku munsi w’isarura uzarangwamo

ibyishimo, igihe misiyo ya Isirayeli ku isi izarangirizwa ku ukuzana ku Uwiteka amoko yose yo ku isi,

nk’uko byahanuwe na Zakariya (14:16)” (Hillyer 1970: 40). Mu mugani yaciye ku masaka n’urukungu,

Yesu yavuze yuko “isaruro n’imperuka y’ibihe” (Mat 13: 24-30, 36-43). Abizera batuye mu ngando

z’akanya gato, bategereje imibiri itazahinduka, y’ubwiza kandi y’iteka ryose (reba 2 Abakor 5:1-4; 2

Pet 1:14). Igihe Yesu azagarukira, igihe cy’imibiri y’akanya gato kizaba gishize, isarura rizaba rigeze,

kandi urubanza ruzatandukanya amasaka n’urukungu.

H. Yesu yasohoje umwaka w’Isabato Mu gihe cy’umwaka w’Isabato, byari ngombwa ko ubutaka buhabwa akaruhuko “kugira ngo abakene

bo mu ubwoko bwanyu barye cyimeza” (Kuva 23:11). Abagurano bararekurwa (Kuva 21:2) n’imyenda yabo

igaharirwa (Guteg 15:1-2). Imana yagabishije abantu kugira ngo badakomeza imitima igihe umwaka

w’ukurekurira wegereje ahubwo bagatanga impano ku bakene n’umutima ukunze (Guteg 15:7-11).

45

Umunsi Mukuru w’ingando wari ngombwa mu Amategeko y’Isezerano rya Mose (Kuva 23:16-17; 34:22-23; Abal

23:33-43; Kub 29:12-38; Guteg 16:13-15). Igihe Imana yajyaga ibuza imvura kugwa byari umuvumo wateganywaga mu

Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera wakurikiraga ukutubaha Isezerano Rikuru ry’Imana (Guteg 11:17; 28:22-24; 1 Abami 8:35).

Muri Zak 14:16-19, Zakariya asobanura ibijyanye n’ejo hazaza h’ibihe bya nyuma akoresheje amagambo yakoreshejwe

mu Isezerano rya Kera: amahanga aza i Yerusalemu kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’ingando; Imana ihagarika imvura kubera

abantu bananiwe kwizihiza uwo munsi mukuru. Nk’uko ibindi bimenyetso Zakariya akoresha bisobanura, ibi

ntibyashobora gufatwa nk’uko biri ijambo ku rindi: iminsi mikuru iteganywa mu Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera yose

yatsimburiwe muri Kristo (Yoh 7:2, 37-38; 8:12; Abagal 3:10-5:4; Abakol 2:16-17; Abaheb 8:6-13; 10:9). Gufata Zak

14: 16-19 nko kuvuga yuko umunsi mukuru w’ingando n’ibyasabwaga kuri wo mu Isezerano rya Kera ku bijyanye no

gusenga bizasubizwaho mu gihe cy’ingoma y’imyaka igihumbi byaba bishubije inyuma iby’ukuri bibonerwa muri Kristo,

byaba kandi bigaruye ibya kera by’ “amashusho” bo n’ “ibimenyetso” byo mu Isezerano rya Kera (reba Mat 5:17; 1

Abakor 10:1-6; 2 Abakor 3:12-16; Abagal 3:23-4:7, 21-31; Abakol 2:16-17; Abaheb 1:1-2; 8:1-10:22). Nuko rero,

igihe Kristo azagarukira, ntazasubizaho uburyo bwo gutamba ibitambo bw’Abisirayeli n’iminsi mikuru yabo, harimo

n’uwu Munsi Mukuru w’Ingando, mu Murwa wo mu buryo bufatika wa Yerusalemu. Ikindi, nta mivumo nk’uko iteganywa

mu isezerano rikuru izaba muri Yerusalemu nshya, kuko, dushingiye ku Ibyah 20:15; 21:27, nta n’umwe utanditswe mu

gitabo cy’ubugingo uzinjira muri Yerusalemu Nshya, ahubwo bazajugunywa mu Nyanja yaka umuriro.


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Yesu yasohoje ibyasabwaga byose ku umwaka w’Isabato. Kubera ukwo kuntu ubutaka bwaruhukaga

kugira ngo abakene barye cyimeza, Imana na Yo ikaba yari yaremeye guhezagira umusaruro w’umwaka ugira

gatandatu mu buryo bw’uko waba uhagije muri iyo myaka itatu yose yakurikiragaho (Abal 25:20-22), bihwanye

n’uburyo Yesu yatubuye udufi duke n’imitsima kugira abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi barye bahage (Mat 14:13-

21; 15:32-38; Mariko 6:30-44; 8:1-10; Luka 9:10-17; Yoh 6:1-14). Yesu n’ “umutsima w’ubugingo” (Yoh

6:35, 48), abamuryaho ntibazigera basonza ukundi, cyangwa se ngo banyoterwe, cyangwa se ngo bapfe (Yoh

4:13-14; 6:41-58; 7:37-38). Ku bijyanye n’abagurano bahabwaga umudendezo, twese “twari imbata z’icyaha”

kandi “imbata z’uguhumana” n’iz’ “ukutumvira amategeko” (Abar 6:17-20). Ariko, kubera igitambo cya

Kristo ubwo yitangaga ku ubwacu, “twabohowe ku cyaha, duhinduka imbata z’Imana . . . ibyo bitugeza ku

ukwezwa, ukwezwa na kwo kukatugeza ku ubugingo buhoraho” (Abar 6:22; reba na none Yoh 8:31-32). Yesu

abwira abigishwa be ati, “Ubu sinkibita abagaragu, kuko umugaragu atamenya ibyo shebuja akora, ahubwo

mbise inshuti kuko ibyo numvise kuri Data byose mbibamenyesheje” (Yoh 15:15; reba na none Abaheb 2:11-12

[na We atwita “abavandimwe be”]). Ku bijyanye n’imyenda yakuweho, Yesu yakuyeho umwenda ukomeye

kuruta indi yose umuntu yashobora gufita—umwenda wacu w’icyaha wari kutuganisha ku urupfu: “Kandi ubwo

mwari mupfuye muzize ibicumuro byanyu no kudakebwa kw’imibiri yanyu, yabahinduranye bazima na We

imaze kutubabarira ibicumuro byacu byose, igahanagura urwandiko rw’imihango rwaturegaga, ikarudukuzaho

kurubamba ku musaraba” (Abakol 2:13-14).

Icy’umwihariko cyari cyitaweho ku Umwaka w’Isabato cyari abakene n’abatifashije. Ku bijyanye

n’Umwaka w’Isabato, Guteg 15:11 havuga hati, “Kuko ari nta bwo abakene bazashira mu gihugu, ni cyo

gitumye ngutegeka nti ‘Ntuzabure kuramburira iminwe mwene wanyu w’umukene w’umworo uri mu gihugu

cyawe.’” Yesu “yigereranya nka We Mwaka w’Isabato w’ukuri ” igihe arimo yivugaho: “Abakene muri kumwe

na bo iteka; ariko jyeweho ntituri kumwe iteka” (Mat 26:11; reba na none Mariko 14:7; Yoh 12:8). Yesu

“ntiyaramburiye ukuboko kwe ku ubusa” umuvandimwe we, ahubwo ku musaraba yaharamburiye amaboko ye

yombi, atanga ibyo yari afite byose uhereye ku bugingo bwe abiha bariya bari bakene kandi ata cyo bifashije

mu buryo bw’uko ata cyo bari bashoboye gukora kugira ngo bikize, kandi ntiyayaramburiye “abavandimwe” be

bonyine, ahubwo n’abanzi be!

I. Yesu yasohoje umwaka wa Yubile Umwaka w’Isabato n’Umwaka wa Yubile ifitanye isano. Bivugwaho ahantu hamwe mu Abalewi 25.

Insanganyamatsiko y’Umwaka wa Yubile yari umudendezo: “Mujye mweza umwaka wa mirongo itanu mu

gihugu cyose, murangire abo muri cyo bose umudendezo” (Abal 25:10, ESV). Imyenda yakurwagaho,

abagurano bagahabwa umudendezo, kandi buri gice cy’isambu cyose kigasubizwa nyiracyo wa mbere (Abal

25:8-55). “Ikintu kimwe ni cyo cyagena ibijyanye n’umudendezo Yubile yatangaga: Umutima w’Imana.

Icyahaye imbaraga umwaka wa Yubile n’ububasha bwayo ku ubutaka bwose n’umutungo wose. “Ubutaka

ntibukagurwe ngo bukunguranywe, kuko ari jye nyirabwo namwe mukaba abasuhuke bansukuhukiyeho’

(Abalewi 25:23). Igitera imbaraga Yubile cyari urukundo rw’Imana. Urukundo rwayo rugera kuri bose, atari

abanyembaraga bonyine, ari bo bagera ku byo bifuza bonyine, ahubwo—na cyane-cyane—abakene, impfubyi

n’abasuhuke.” (Sittema 2013:139) Isirayeli yo mu IK ntiyigeze yizihiza Umwaka wa Yubile—ariko Yesu

yatashye Yubile nyayo.

1. Yesu yatangaje yuko yarimo ataha ku mugaragaro umwaka wa Yubile igihe yatangiraga umurimo we

ku mugaragaro. Muri Luka 4:16-21, mu gisagara avukamo cy’i Nazareti, Yesu yavugiye mu isinagogi,

asoma ibyanditswe muri Yes 61:1-2, icyanditswe gikomoza ku umwaka wa Yubile. Yavuze ati,

“Umwuka w’Uwiteka ari kuri jye, ni cyo cyatumye ansīgira, kugira ngo mbwirize abakene ubutumwa

bwiza: Yantumye kumenyesha imbohe ko zibohorwa, n’impumyi ko zihumuka, no kubohora

ibisenzegeri; no kumunyesha abantu iby’umwaka Umwami agiriyemo imbabazi” (Luka 4:18-19).

Yongeyeho ati, “Uyu munsi ibyo byanditswe bisohoye mu matwi yanyu” (Luka 4:21). Ijambo

“kubohora” muri Yes 61:1 (Luka 4:18) rifite insobanuro imwe n’ijambo riri mu Abal 25:10 risobanura

“umudendezo” (ESV=English Standard Version – Insobanuro ya Bibiliya) cyangwa se “kubohora”

(NASB=New American Standard Bible = Insobanuro ya Bibiliya mu Cyongereza cy’Ikinyamerika).

Inshinga ziri muri ibi byanditswe (“mbwirize ubutumwa bwiza ku bakene,” “kumneyesha imbohe ko

zibohorwa,” “kubohora ibisenzegeri”) zerekeza ku byakorwaga mu gihe cy’umwaka wa Yubile wari

wemewe mu Abalewi 25, abari baratswe uburenganzira ku masambu yabo kubera amasezerano runaka

yakozwe hakoreshejwe ayo masambu barayasubizwaga kugira ngo abantu babane mu mahoro kandi

bakore ibikorwa byabo neza. Bityo, rurya rutonde rw’inshinga rwakoreshejwe mu kwamaza yubile.”

(Brueggemann 1998: 214) “Umwaka Umwami agiriyemo imbabazi” bikomoza ku “umwaka wa

Yubile” “umenyekanishwa n’ibikorwa bye [Yesu] byo gukiza” (Marshall 1978: 184; reba na none


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Motyer 1999: 426; Bock 1994: 410; Lenski 1946: 252). Muri Luka 4:14-21 igihe Yesu yakoreshaga

amagambo yo muri Yes 61:1-2 avuga ati, “Uyu munsi, ibyo byanditswe bisohoreye mu matwi yanyu,”

mu by’ukuri yarimo avuga ati, “Ni Jye gusohozwa kw’ibyo byose ayo magambo yavugaho; ni muri Jye

Yubile irimo igaragariramo.”

Ibi bisobanura yuko, Yesu amaze kuva i Nazareti no kumara igihe yari asigaje cyo

gukora umurimo we wo ku isi, haba mu magambo cyangwa se mu bikorwa, yahise agaragaza

ukuri kw’ibyo yari yarabariye abari bateraniye mu Isinagogi anyujije mu ukubwiriza ubutumwa

abakene, kumenyesha imbohe ko zibohowe no gukingurira abari mu nzu y’imbohe” (reba Luka 4:31-

44; 5:12-26; 6:6-10, 17-26; 7:1-15, 36-50; 8:1-2, 22-56; 9:12-17; 10:17-24; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; 17:11-

19; 18:35-43). Igihe Yesaya yahanuraga uwasizwe uzamamaza agakiza, Yesu azana ukwo kubohoka

mu buryo bwimbitse kandi buhoraho kuruta uburyo Yesaya ashobora kuba yarabyerekwaga: Abohora

abantu abakura mu buhumyi bwabo bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka no mu busenzegeri bwo mu cyaha no

gutotezwa na cyo. Icy’ukuri, muri Luka n’ahandi, “abakene n’impumyi, aya magambo yombi afite

insobanuro zo mu buryo bw’ibimenyetso. Urugero, igihe Luka 18:35-43 havuga inkuru ya ya mpumyi

yasegerezaga yahumutse, Luka na none ahuza kwakira agakiza nk’ ‘uguhumuka’ (Luka 1:78-79; 2:9,

29-32; 3:6). Ikindi, igihe Luka 18:22 na 19:8 herekeza ku bakene bo mu buryo bufatika cyangwa se

abakene mu mibanire yabo, byashoboka yuko Luka 6:20 na 7:22 ho havuga ku bakene bo mu buryo

bwo mu umwuka. Kuri ibi twashobora kwongeraho yuko abababazwa hamwe n’imbohe byasobanuraga

ikintu kimwe.” (Bruno 2010:97) Mu yandi magambo, ugukira kwo mu buryo bw’umubiri n’ukubohoka

byari ibimenyetso bikomeye kurushiriza, bigaragara kandi byo mu buryo bufatika by’ugukira kwo mu

buryo bw’umwuka hamwe n’ukubohoka Yesu atanga.

Nuko rero, Gordon Wenham yanzura avuga yuko umwaka wa Yubile “watashywe igihe Yesu

yazaga ku isi ku nshuro ya mbere (Luka 4:21). Uzasozwa igihe cyo kugaruka kwe (Yak 5:1-8; huza ibi

na Luka 16:19-31). Yubile, hejuru y’uko iduha gusubiza amaso inyuma tukareba ku ugucungurwa kwa

mbere Imana yakoreye ubwoko bwayo igihe yabakuraga muri Egiputa (Abal. 25:38, 55), inatwerekeza

na none ku ‘ugutunganywa kw’ibintu byose,’ ‘kubera ijuru rishya n’isi nshya, aho gukiranuka kuzatura’

(Ibyak. 3:21; 2 Pet. 3:13).” (Wenham 1979:324)

2. Nk’uko Yesu asohoza Umwaka w’Isabato, ni na kwo asohoza umwaka wa Yubile. Mu gihe

abagurano bari guhabwa umudendezo n’imyenda yabo igahanagurwa igihe cy’Umwaka wa Yubile

n’igihe cy’Umwaka w’Isabato, ku mpamvu zimwe (zavuzwe haruguru) zatumye asohoza Umwaka

w’Isabato, izo mpamvu nyene ni zo zatumye asohoza Umwaka wa Yubile. Icy’umwihariko cy’Umwaka

wa Yubile n’uko buri kibanza cy’ubutaka cyasubizwaga nyiracyo wa kera. “Ukubohoka kw’ubutaka”

mu umwaka wa Yubile (Abal 25:24) yari ishusho icy’uko “ari Jye nyirabwo, [na] mwe mukaba

abasuhuke bansuhukiyeho” (Abal 25:23). Izi mpamvu zitumenyesha yuko atari twe twaremye ubutaka,

si na twe tububungabunga, kandi si twe ba nyirabwo—keretse Imana Yonyine. Ikindi ibi bisobanuro

bitwerekezaho n’ukutumenyesha yuko ubuzima bwacu ari ubw’akanya gato, turapfa, kandi yuko ubu

buzima butumariye bike. Na none, ibi bitubwira yuko Yesu, Uwo yaremesheje isi (Abaheb 1:2),

“akaba ari we uramiza byose [isi na yo irimo] ijambo ry’imbaraga ze”(Abaheb 1:3), ufite . . .

“ubutware bwose . . . mu ijuru no mu isi” (Mat 28:18; reba na none Abef 1:18-23), uwo ni na we uri

“inzira, n’ukuri n’ubugingo” (Yoh 14:6).

Ugucungurwa kw’ubutaka n’ikimenyetso cyangwa se igicucu cy’uko “ibyaremwe byose

byashyizwe mu bubata by’ibitagira umumaro . . . tuzi yuko ibyaremwe byose binihira hamwe

bikaramukirwa hamwe kugeza ubu” (Abar 8:20, 22). Ibitangaza Yesu yakoze n’ububasha bwe hejuru

y’ibyaremwe (urugero, guhindura amazi vino [Yoh 2:1-11]; gucecekesha umuhengeri [Mariko 4:35-

41]; kugendera hejuru y’amazi [Mat 14:22-23]; kunesha urupfu [Mat 28:1-10; Yoh 11:1-46])

bisobanura gutaha ku mugaragaro irema ryagizwe rishya. Kuba muri Yubile, igihe “ibyaremwe na byo

bizabaturwa kuri ubwo bubata bwo kubora” (Abar 8:21), bizasohora igihe Kristo azagarukira (reba

Ibyak 3:19-21; 2 Pet 3:3-15; Ibyah 21:1-5).

3. Yesu asohoza umwaka wa Yubile bibonekera mu buryo asohoza Dan 9:24-27.46 Ubuhanuzi bwa

Daniyeli bw’ “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” (Dan 9:24-27) “bwumvikana neza kurushiriza iyo buhujwe

n’imyaka y’Isabato y’Abayuda, na cyane-cyane umwaka wa Yubile” (Williamson 2007: 174; reba Abal

24:8; 25:1–4; 26:43; 2 Ngoma 36:21). Hejuru y’ibyo, “Intego y’ibyumweru mirongo indwi nk’uko

46

Dan 9:24-27 ibisobanuro birambuye by’iki gice biri mu Umugereka wa 5—Daniel 9:24-27 (“Ibyumweru 70”) wa Menn,

Biblical Eschatology (2010-2016), ibi na byo ushobora kubibona ku ubuntu kuri “ECLEA Courses & Resources”

urupapuro rwa ECLEA website


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byasobanuwe muri Daniel 9:24 bigaragaza ibihe by’isohozwa n’umwuzuro. Uburyo bisohozwa biri

ahandi havugwa ubuhanuzi bw’isezerano rikuru kandi rihoraho ry’Imana n’ubwa Yubile yo mu bihe

by’imperuka.” (Kline 1974: 462n.25; reba Yes 60:21; 61:1-3; Yer 31:34; 32:40; Ezek 16:60-63;

20:37-38; 37:26). Dan 9:24 hatanga urutonde rw’intego esheshatu z’ “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi”:

“Ibyumweru mirongo indwi bitegekewe ubwoko bwawe n’umurwa wera, kugira ngo ibicumuro bicibwe

n’ibyaha bishire, no gukiranirwa gutangirwe impongano haze gukiranuka kw’iteka, ibyerekanywe

n’ibyahanuwe bifatanishwe ikimenyetso, ahera cyane hasigwe amavuta.” Kristo wenyine ni we usohoza

intego esheshatu zo muri izo ntego zose: Zatashywe ku mugaragaro igihe yaza ku isi ubwa mbere kandi

zizizihizwa igihe azagarukira. Mu nshamake, Iain Duguid aravuga: “Icyumweru kigira mirongo indwi

n’uburyo bumwe bw’icyumweru cya “yubile”, aho Uwiteka asubiza ibintu byose mu mwanya wabyo. . .

. Ukuza kwa Yesu mu isi, na cyane-cyane ugupfa kwe n’ukuzuka kwe, umuseke w’icyumweru kigira

icya mirongo indwi wamaze gusohora. Muri Kristo, Impanda ya Yubile yacu yamaze kuvuga, intsinzi

hejuru y’icyaha n’ibicumuro yamaze kuboneka. Ikindi, kubera urupfu rwa Yesu ku musaraba, ibitambo

byo mu Isezerano rya Kera byataye agaciro. Umwana w’Umuntu yatanze ubugingo bwe nk’incungu

kubwa benshi, azana abo Imana yari yarahisemo kubera imibanire mishya myiza n’Umwami (Mariko

10:45).” (Duguid 2008: 171-72)

Kugaruka ku “umudendezo” wa Yubile no gukora umwanzuro ku nsanganyamatsiko ijyanye na wo, Kristo

yabivuzeho atya: “Nuko Umwana n’ababatura, muzaba mubatuwe by’ukuri” (Yoh 8:36).

J. Yesu yasohoje iminsi mikuru ya Purimu na Hamukkah N’ubwo itari mu yigize iminsi mikuru yo mu Mategeko ya Mose, Purimu na Hanukkah yombi n’iminsi

mikuru y’ingenzi mu buzima bw’Abayuda kandi ifite ibisobanuro byo mu buryo bw’umwuka Yesu asohoza.

1. Purimu. Purimu yizihiza intsinzi Abayuda bagize hejuru ya Hamani nyuma y’uko Esiteri yafashe

icyemezo cyo kujya imbere mu bikari by’umwami ahaze ubuzima bwe, atumira Umwami na Hamani ku

munsi mukuru. Aho ni ho yashyiriye ahagaragara umugambi mubi wari wateguriwe Abayuda; ibi

bituma umwami abamba Hamani ku giti, yongera aha Abayuda uruhushya rwo kwirwanaho (Esit 4:1-

9:17). Timothy Keller avuga yuko “Yesu ni we Esiteri w’ukuri kandi ukomeye kuruta uwa mbere, kuko

we atahaze ingoro yo ku isi byonyine, ahubwo yemera guhomba iyo mu ijuru, we utahaze ubuzima bwe

byonyine ahubwo yabutanze—kugira ngo akize ubwoko bwe” (Keller 2015: 78).

2. Hanukkah. Hanukkah yizihiza ugutaha ku mugaragaro urusengero igihe cy’umwivumbagatanyo

w’aba Makabe (Maccabees) kandi wizihizwa kumara iminsi umunani bashingiye (kumbure n’inkuru

y’amateka) yuko, n’ubwo nta mavuta yejejwe ahagije yari ahari yo kwatsa itabaza ryo mu rusengero

kumara umunsi umwe wonyine, habaye igitangaza kuko ayo mavuta yakongeje itabaza kumara iminsi

umunani kugeza ubwo andi mavuta yo kwongeramo yabonetse. Nk’uko byavuzweho haruguru, Yesu ni

we rusengero nyakuri. Ikigeretseho, Rabbi S. M. Lehrman avuga ati, “Ukwizihiza Hanukkah

bidukangurira ku ukumenya umwanya ukomeye amatabaza afite mu gakiza kacu. . . . Mu bihe bya

Mesiya, Uwiteka ni We uzatubera itara rihoraho [Yes 60:19-20]. (Lehrman 1958: 19) Yesu yavuze ati,

“Ndi umucyo w’isi” (Yoh 8:12). Ikindi, ubuhanuzi bwa Yesaya bwakomojweho n’Umwigisha

w’Ibyanditswe Lehrman usohorezwa ku isi nshya n’Imana na Kristo mu buryo bw’umwihariko igihe

cy’isi nshya. Ibyah 21:23 havuga ngo, “Kandi urwo rurembo ntirugomba kuvirwa n’izuba cyangwa

n’ukwezi kuko ubwiza bw’Imana ari bwo buruvira kandi Umwana w’Intama ari We tabaza ryarwo”

(reba na none Ibyah 22:5). Icya nyuma, “umunsi wagenywe w’Umunsi Mukuru wa [Hanukkah]—ku

wa 25 Chislev—usa n’uko wemejwe n’Itorero rya Mbere nk’uhwanye n’umunsi w’ukuvuka

kw’Umwami wacu Nyaguhezagirwa—Noweli—Ugutaha Urusengero nyakuri, ari rwo Mubiri wa Yesu”

(Edersheim 1988:334).

VII. Yesu Yasohoje kandi Yatsimbuye uburyo bwose bw’Ibitambo n’ubw’Ubutambyi

bw’Abisirayeli bo mu IK

Abaheb 8:4-6 havuga mu magambo atomoye yuko abatambyi n’ibitambo n’amaturo yashyizweho

hakurikijwe Amategeko byari “igishushanyo n’igicucu cy’ibyo mu ijuru” bisohorezwa muri Kristo. Abaheb

10:11-12, 14 hongeraho hati, “Kandi umutambyi wese ahagarara iminsi yose akora umurimo we, atamba kenshi

ibitambo bidahinduka bitabasha iteka kugira ubwo bikuraho ibyaha. Ariko wa wundi amaze gutamba igitambo

kimwe cy’iteka cy’ibyaha, yicara i buryo bw’Imana, . . . kuko abezwa bose yabatunganishije rwose igitambo

kimwe kugeza iteka ryose.”


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A. Uburyo Abisirayeli bo mu IK batambaga ibitambo Isirayeli yo mu Isezerano rya Kera yari ifite inzego eshatu z’ibitambo cyangwa amaturo. Byose byaba

birimo gutamba ibikoko keretse ibitambo by’intete n’ibinyobwa (ibi byaherekezaga ibitambo by’uko bari

amahoro n’ibitambo bikongorwa n’umuriro).

1. Ibitambo byo gukuraho icyaha (urugero, bicogoza uburakari bw’Imana).

a. Ibitambo byatambirwaga ibyaha (Abal 4:1-5:13; 6:24-30; 8:14-17; 16:3-22): Guhongerera ibyaha

igihe kwishyura bitashobotse.

b. Igitambo gikuraho urubanza/Kuriganya (Abal 5:14-6:7; 7:1-8; Kub 5:5-10): Iki cyari igitambo

cy’ibyaha cyo mu buryo bwihariye cyo guhongerera ibyaha aho gusubiza ibyibwe uruhande

rwahohotewe (uruhande rwahohoteye rwabwirizwaga gusubiza uruhande rwahohotewe mu mwanya

rwahozemo kera rutarahohoterwa, hakongerwaho 20%).

2. Amaturo y’igihango (n’ukuvuga, gushyira mu mwanya cyangwa se kwatura ukutazahemukira Imana).

a. Igitambo cyakongowe n’umuriro (Abal 1:1-17; 6:8-13; 8:18-21; 16:24): Kwitanga cyangwa se

gutanga inyubako ku Mana cyangwa se kwerekana ubudahemuka ku bindi bitambo.

b. Amaturo y’ifu (Abal 2:1-16; 6:14-23; 7:9-10): Gushima no gushaka Imana ho ubufasha.

c. Amaturo y’ibyokunywa (Abal 23:37; Kub 15:1-10): Cyo kwirubura.

3. Ibitambo ko bari amahoro (bisobanura, gukomeza ubushuti bwihariye n’Imana) (Abal 3:1-17; 7:11-34; 19:5-

8; 22:18-30).

a. Ibitambo byo gushima (Abal 7:12-15; 22:29-30): Gushimira Imana cyangwa se ubusabane n’Imana

cyangwa se kuyishimira umugisha uje utari witezwe.

b. Ibitambo byo guhigura umuhigo (Abal 7:16-18; 22:18-25): Umugisha cyangwa se ukurengerwa

byabonetse igihe umuhigo wakorwaga ushyigikira ugusenga.

c. Ibitambo biva ku umutima ukunze (Abal 7:16-18; 22:18-26): Kugaragaza ugushima kwo mu urwego

rusange hamwe n’urukundo dukunda Imana, hadashingiwe ku migisha runaka yabonetse.

4. Uburyo bwo gutanga ituro nk’uko biri mu Gitabo cy’Abalewi si bwo buryo bwonyine kandi bwuzuye icyaha

cyavanwagaho. Uburyo bwo gutamba bwari bwerekeye cyane-cyane ibyaha umuntu akora mu bujiji,

uburangare, nk’impanuka hamwe n’ibyo kudakora icyo umuntu yasabwaga gukora; muri ibi harimo gukora

imihango uburyo butari bwo hamwe n’icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko byishe uburenganzira ku ubutunzi

bw’umuntu. “Ibyaha byo mu urwego rwo hejuru,” harimo na biriya bijyana n’igihano cy’urupfu, ntibyashobora

guhongerwa hakurikijwe imihango y’ibitambo isanzwe (reba Kub 15:30-31). Be n’ibyo byaha bikozwe mu

ukwigomeka ku Mana n’amategeko yayo, n’Imana Yo ubwayo yabibabariraga hashingiwe ku ubuntu

hakurikijwe ukwizera no kwihana (reba Zaburi 32, 51), cyangwa se bigategereza ukwezwa byakorwa ku Munsi

w’Impangano.

B. Yesu yasohoje uburyo bwose Abisirayeli bo mu IK batambagamo ibitambo 1. Urupfu rwa Yesu ku musaraba rwasohoje n’ibyihishe munsi y’urufatizo rw’ibitambo nk’uko biri mu

Gitabo cy’Abalewi. “Igitekerezo cy’ibanze ku bijyanye n’ibitambo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera ni kirya

cy’ugusimbura, muri iki hakaba hakubiyemo buri kindi kintu cyose—guhongera n’ugucungura, guhana

no kubabarira byatangiwe uruhushya” (Edersheim 1988: 107). Bityo, munsi y’ibitambo by’amaraso

byose hariho gutanga ubuzima bw’inzirakarengane ho igitambo (igikoko cyatanzwe nk’igitambo) kuri

ruriya ruhande rwahamwe n’icyaha. Ibijyanye n’uburyo bw’ikimenyetso cy’ihema ry’ibonaniro,

urusengero n’uburyo bwose bwo gutamba ibitambo “byerekanye uburyo igitambo ari ngombwa,

ugusubiza ibyangijwe, ikimenyetso cy’ubutambyi, n’ukwoza kujyanye n’ugukuraho icyangijwe

n’icyaha” (Poythress 1991: 107). “Ibisobanuro biri muri birya bitabo bitanu bya Mose ku bijyanye

n’ibikoko byatangirwa mu ihema ry’ibonaniro nk’ibitambo byerekeye uburyo bw’uyu muhango.

Ibyanditswe nyuma byagiye gukosora uburyo Isirayeli yananiwe no kwemera mu buryo bwimbitse

icyerekezo cy’ibikōko byabagwaga (Zab. 40:6-8; 50:7-15; 51:16-17), abahanuzi na bo berekezaga ku

Umugaragu uzatsindanishiriza benshi mu ukwikorera icyaha n’intege nke byabo nk’umwagazi w’intama

ucecetse (Yes. 53)” (Johnson 2007: 236). Kristo yasohoje urufatizo ruhagije rw’uburyo bw’ugutamba

kubera ko ni Wenyine wari ufite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’umusimbura w’ibitambo kubera ko ari we

wenyine utabarwaho icyaha na kimwe (Yes 53:4-12; Luka 23:41, 47; Ibyak 3:14-15; 2 Abakor 5:21;

Abaheb 4:15; 7:26; 1 Pet 2:21-24; 1 Yoh 3:5).

a. Kristo yasohoje igitekerezo cy’ibitambo cyo guhanagura ibyaha: reba Yes 53:4-8, 10; Abar

8:1-4; 2 Abakor 5:18-21; Abaheb 9:11-28; 10:11-12; 13:10-15.

b. Kristo yasohoje ibijyanye n’ibitambo byo kwitanga: reba Mat 26:39; Mariko 14:36; Luka

22:42; Yoh 4:34; 5:17-20, 30; 6:38; 8:28-29; 10:18; 12:49-50; 14:10, 24, 31; 17:1-26.


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c. Kristo yasohoje igitekerezo cy’ibitambo by’uko bari amahoro: reba Yoh 14:27; 16:33; Abar

5:1-11; Abakol 2:13-18; Abakol 1:18-20.

Poythress avuga mu nshamake ati: “Kristo yikoreye igihano cy’ibyaha byacu (1 Petero 2:24; Yesaya

53:5). Bityo, ni We gitambo cya nyuma cyo [guhanagura] icyaha. Kristo yari yariyeguriye Imana mu

buryo bwuzuye. Yihanganiye urupfu no kurimbuka kubera icyaha (6:2-7). Nuko rero, ni We gitambo

cya nyuma cyitanze gikongorwa n’umuriro. Mu ukwubaha kwe kwuzuye, Kristo yahaye Imana

icyubahiro n’ishimwe biyikwiriye. Ni We gitambo cy’ifu. Kristo aduha umubiri we ngo tuwurye

(Yohana 6:54-58). Mu kurya ku mubiri we no kunywa ku maraso ye, turonka ubugingo buhoraho, tugira

ubusabane na Data, kandi duhinduka ishusho ya Kristo (2 Abakorinto 3:18). Bityo, ni We gitambo cya

nyuma cy’ubusabane [amahoro].” (Poythress 1991: 49)

2. IR rihuza Pasika, Umunsi w’Ihongerwa n’uburyo bwose bwo gutamba ibitambo, kandi rivuga yuko

urupfu rwa Yesu ku musaraba rwasohoje kandi rwatsimbuye byose hamwe. Mu Abar 3:25 urupfu rwa

Yesu rwasobanuwe nk’ “igitambo gihuza” cyangwa “igitambo cyo guhongera.” Aha n’ijambo rimwe

ry’Ikigiriki (hilastērion) rikoreshwa ku “intebe y’ihongerero” yari iri hejuru y’isandugu y’isezerano

ahera h’ahera (Kuva 25:17 LXX; reba na none Abaheb 9:5 herekeza ku ntebe y’ihongerero nka

hilastērion) kandi yari ihujwe n’Umunsi w’Ihongerero. “Igihe ibi bihujwe n’amagambo ya Paulo avuga

ku ‘maraso’ ya Kristo [reba Abar 3:25; 5:9; 1 Abakor 11:25; Abef 1:7; 2:13; Abakol 1:14, 20]

hamwe n’ibisobanuro atanga kuri Kristo nka We ‘Umwana w’Intama wacu wa Pasika’ (1 Abakor 5:7),

n’ukuri yuko Paulo yabonye igikorwa cya Kristo nk’igihuye na ya minsi mikuru ibiri y’ingenzi ihuye

n’Urusengero: Pasika na Yom Kipur [“Umunsi w’Ihongerero”]. Hashingiwe ku uburyo ugera ku ntego,

Paulo asanga Umusaraba ari isohozwa ry’imihango y’urusenegro—bitavuga yuko ari igikorwa

cy’ukubigereranya byonyine. Urupfu rwa Yesu ruvugwa mu magambo ajyanye n’imihango y’idini,

kandi biragaragara yuko rusimbura icyari kuba cyarabaye umurimo w’Urusengero n’ibitambo byarwo.”

(Walker 1996:123)

C. Yesu yasohoje kandi atsimbura ubutambyi bwose bwo mu IK “Abatambyi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera bakora nk’abahuza hagati y’Imana n’ibiremwa muntu. Kubera

icyaha cy’umuntu, abantu ntibashobora kwegera ubwiza bw’Imana n’ukwera kwayo. Ahubwo, abatambyi

baserukira abantu imbere y’Imana, bakayegera mu izina ryabo. Urugero, ku munsi w’Ihongerero, Aroni yahawe

amabwiriza y’uko mbere ya byose yo kwitambira igitambo cy’ibyaha (Abalewi 16:6, 11). Nyuma agakurikizaho

imihango y’ibijyanye n’ibyaha bya bagenzi be b’Abisirayeli (Abalewi 16:15-16, 19-22). Nyuma umutambyi

ahongerera ibyaha bye nyuma agahongerera ibyaha by’abandi bantu (Abalewi 9:7; 16:24).” (Poythress 1991:

51) Ariko na none, ushingiye ku Abaheburayo 7:1-8:6, ubutambyi bwa Aroni kubera uburyo bwabwo butujuje

ibisabwa, bwagaragaje yuko hakenewe ubundi butambyi bushya kandi bukuru kuruta ubwa mbere, ari bwo

buriya bukurikije itegeko rya Melikizedeki. Ni cyo gituma Abaheb 7:28 havuga hati, “Amategeko ashyiriraho

abanyantege nke kuba ari bo baba abatambyi bakuru, naho ijambo rya ya ndahiro ryaje nyuma y’amategeko,

rishyirahoo Umwana w’Imana watunganijwe rwose kugeza iteka ryose.” Mu gihe Umwana “yatunganijwe

iteka” ubutambyi bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera “bw’intege nke” bwaratsimbuwe iteka ryose. Ikindi, Yesu

“yakomotse kuri Yuda, ari nta cyo Mose yavuze kuri uwo muryango cyerekeye ubutambyi” (Abaheb 7:14).

Hakurikijwe amategeko yo mu IK, Aroni n’Abalewi ni bo bari kuba abatambyi b’Imana kugeza iteka “ryose”

(Kub 18:1-8, 11, 19-23; 1 Ngoma 15:2; 23:13). N’ubwo bimeze bityo, mu gihe cy’Isezerano Rishya Rikuru, ibi

byose byarahindutse. Kristo ni We mutambyi, “mu buryo bwa Melkizedeki atari mu buryo bwa Aroni” (Abaheb

7:11, reba na none 5:6). Abaheb 7:12 havuga yuko, ubwo kuza kwa Yesu kwazananye n’ubutambyi bushya,

“igihe ubutambyi buhindutse, ni ngombwa yuko habaho n’ihinduka ry’amategeko.” Mu nshamake, T. D.

Alexander avuga yuko “ikivugwa aha ngaha ku bijyanye n’ ‘impinduka mu mategeko’ bisobanura yuko

amabwiriza ajyanye n’ubutambyi bw’Abalewi nta gaciro yari agifite mu gihe itorero ryahindutse urusengero

rw’Imana rushya, kandi rw’ukuri” (Alexander 2008: 150; reba haruguru ibijyanye na Kristo n’itorero

nk’urusengero rw’ukuri kandi rushya rw’Imana).

Mu gitambo cya Kristo n’igikorwa yakoze harimo “itegeko rya mbere ryakuweho ku bw’intege nke

zaryo n’umumaro muke waryo” [bisobanura ubutambyi bw’Abalewi] na “byari iby’ibanze by’ibyiringiro

biyaruta, biduhesha kwegera Imana” (Abaheb 7:18-19). Icy’uko Kristo yitwa “umutambyi” n’ “umutambyi

mukuru” (Abaheb 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 7:11, 15-17, 24, 26, 28; 8:1-2; 9:11) bisobanura yuko uburyo bwose

bwo gutamba ibitambo n’ubwo gukora umurimo w’ubutambyi byo mu IK byaratsimbuwe kubera yuko,

hashingiwe ku Mategeko yo mu IK, Yesu ntiyari yemerewe kuba umutambyi na gato mu gihe atakomoka kuri

Aroni cyangwa se ku muryango wa Lewi ahubwo akaba yakomokaga ku muryango wa Yuda (Abaheb 8:4; reba

Mat 1:2-3; Luka 3:33-34). Mu mwanya w’ubutambyi bwose bwakoraga nk’abahuza hagati y’Imana n’abantu,


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ubu hari “Imana imwe, n’umuhuza umwe hagati y’Imana n’abantu, uwo na we n’umuntu, ni Kristo Yesu” (1

Tim 2:5). Bitandukanye n’ubutambyi bwo mu gihe cyo mu IK bwagarukiraga ku bakomoka ku muryango wa

Lewi (Kub 18:1-24; Yer 33:19-22), mu maso y’Imana, kubera Kristo yitanze nk’igitambo, abamwizera bose

bakaba abatambyi mu maso y’Imana (1 Pet 2:5, 9; Ibyah 1:6; 5:10).

D. Abaheburayo bashyiraho ikinyuranyo hagati y’uburyo Abisirayeli batambamo ibitambo n’umurimo

w’ubutambyi wa Kristo 1. Ibitambo byo mu IK nta ho bihuriye na Kristo. Umwanditsi [w’Abaheburayo] anenga imihango

y’ubutambyi bw’Abisirayeli nk’ifite umumaro muri bike (7:11, 18-19; 10:4), kandi iguma isubirwamo

igihe cyose (7:23; 10:1), s’iyo mu buryo buhoraho (8:13; 9:9-10), yandujwe n’icyaha cy’abatambyi

babitambaga (5:3; 7:27; 9:3). . . . Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo runenga uburyo ibitambo byatambwaga

kera kubera kugaragaza uburyo ubutambyi bwabanje kubaho buvuga ingingo nkuru-nkuru zigize uburyo

igitambo ‘cyiza kuruta icya mbere’ (9:23) kubera ko ‘giha imbaraga’ isezerano rikuru ‘ryiza kuruta’ irya

mbere (7:22) rishingiye ku ‘masezerano meza kuruta aya mbere’ (8:26) yakozwe na Kristo umutambyi

uruta aba mbere (7:1, 15, 26-27).” (Nelson 2003: 251)

2. Ikinyuranyo mu Abaheburayo ntigihagararira ku Munsi w’Ihongerero gusa uza rimwe mu umwaka,

ahubwo kizanamo n’uburyo bwose bw’ibitambo n’ubutambyi bya Isirayeli. “Amaraso yamijagirwa na

yo n’ishusho mu mihango y’ubutambyi, iyo ni yo Mose yakoresheje mu guha imbaraga isezerano riri

mu Kuva 24:3-8. Amaraso Mose yamijagiye ku bantu no ku gicaniro yahuje Imana na Isirayeli mu

buryo bw’isezerano. Igisa n’iki, Yesu yahuje isezerano rishya binyuze mu rupfu rwe n’amaraso

yamijagiwe (9:15; 12:24). Abahebrayo 9: 18-22 bivuga mu magambo arambuye icyo ibyanditswe

bivuga kuri Mose—Mose amijagira amaraso ku gitabo cy’amategeko, ihema ry’ibonaniro n’ibikoresho

byaryo—akomatanyiriza hamwe imihango n’ibindi bintu byo mu buryo butandukanye biva mu

muhango w’iriza y’igaju (Kub 19:9, 18, 20) kugera ku gatambaro k’umuhemba (Abal 14:2-6). Ubu

buryo bwo gusobanura buvuga yuko igikorwa cy’ubutambyi cya Yesu kirangiza kandi kiri hejuru

y’uburyo bwa kera bwo gutambira Imana bwose.” (Nelson 2003: 256-57)

3. Abaheb 13:10-14 herekana yuko gukomeza kuramya hakurikijwe uburyo bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera

mu Rusengero rwo mu buryo bugaragara no kuramya Yesu bigenda bihezanya. “Yesu yari yaratashye

ku mugaragaro uburyo bushya bw’Urusengero (rimenyekanishwa n’ijambo ‘igicaniro’) bwahagarariye

mu budasa bugaragara ku uburyo bw’Urusengero buhujwe n’ ‘ihema’. Ubwo buryo bwombi bwagenda

buhezanya: ibyari mu uburyo bwa mbere byarahejwe muri ubu buryo bushya (‘bariya bayobora

imihango mu ihema nta burenganzira bari bafite bwo kugira icyo baharira’: v.10); bisobanura yuko

bariya bizeye Yesu muri ubu buryo bushya na bo bibona nk’abahezwa muri burya buryo bwa mbere

(‘nuko dusohoke, tumusange inyuma y’urugo’: v.13). . . . Ibi na byo bituma habaho ubundi buryo

bushya bw’igihushane. Urupfu rwa Yesu rwaza rwararangiye kuba ‘inyuma y’irembo’: (v. 12), aho

kuba inyuma y’ ‘Ahera’ (ibitambo by’ibikoko) (v.11). Byabaye ngombwa ko habaho amahitamo—haba

kujya kuri Yesu ‘inyuma y’urugo’ (v.13) cyangwa se kuguma, nk’uko byari bisanzwe, imbere mu

murwa bakaguma bahanze amaso ku Urusengero. Gukoresha imvugo ishingiye ku ‘karere umuntu

aherereyemo’ byari ukuyoboka umusozi w’Urusengero cyangwa se ‘kuyoboka ikiri mu bitekerezo

byawe’? Itandukaniro hagati y’ibyo bintu bibiri ryaragaragaraga. Uburyo bushya bwo kwegera Imana

bwashyizwe ahagaragara; habwirizwa gukorwa amahitamo.” (Walker 1996: 206-07)

4. Iherezo n’ukunoza Ihongerero rya Kristo—n’inzira yo gukuraho mu buryo buhoraho uburyo bwo

gutamba ibitambo n’ubutambyi byo mu Isezerano rya Kera—bugaragarira mu cy’uko “yicaye i buryo

bw’Imana” mu hera h’ahera h’ukuri ho mu ijuru (Abaheb 1:3; 10:12, 14, reba na none Zab 110:1;

Mariko 16:19; Luka 22:69; Abar 8:34; Abef 1:20-21; Abakol 3:1; 1 Pet 3:21-22). “Kubera yuko

igikorwa cy’ubutambyi cyarimo guhagarara imbere y’Imana cyangwa se ku gicaniro (10:11; Guteg

10:8; 18:7), igikorwa gitandukanye n’icya mbere cy’ukwicara hasi kivuga irangiza ry’igikorwa

cy’ubutambyi cya Kristo (10:12). Na none, ukwimikwa kwe i buryo bw’Imana bimuha umwanya mwiza

wo kwegera no guhora yingingira abantu.”

5. Igitambo cya Kristo ku musaraba, kuzuka kwe no kuzamuka mu ijuru kwe, biri hejuru y’ibyo

abatambyi bose n’ibitambo bya Isirayeli byose, harimo n’umutambyi mukuru ku Munsi w’Ihongerero

bashobora gutekereza kugeraho.

a. Uburyo bwa kera bwo gutamba bwasabaga ibitambo byinshi n’abatambyi benshi (Abaheb

7:23; 9:25; 10:1, 11). Abatambyi ba kera babarwaga ku mubare munini “kubera yuko urupfu

rwababuzaga gukomeza uwo murimo” (Abaheb 7:23). “Na ho uwo, kuko ahoraho iteka ryose,

afite ubutambyi budakuka” (Abaheb 7:24), kandi yabwirizwaga gushyiraho buri gihe igitambo


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kimwe gusa ku bantu bose (Abaheb 7:24, 27; 9:12, 25-28; 10:10-14).

b. Uburyo bwa kera bw’ubutambyi ntibwashoboye guhindura abantu imbere muri bo cyangwa

se kubahindura intungane. Kubera igitambo cye, Kristo ni we ukora ibyo (Abaheb 7:11; 9:9-

10; 10:1-2, 14-16).

c. Umunsi wa kera w’Ihongerero wakoraga nk’ “icyibutsa” ibyaha buri mwaka. Kubera

igitambo cya Kristo, Imana Data “ntazibuka ukundi ibyaha byabo n’ibikorwa byabo

bidashingiye ku mategeko” (Abaheb 10:3, 16-18).

d. Kristo yakoze icyo nta mutambyi n’umwe yashoboye gukora. Yazamutse mu ijuru ubwaryo,

aho akomeza kwingingira ubwoko bwa Data imbere ye (Abaheb 7:24-25) ntabikora

nk’umutambyi byonyine ahubwo abikora nk’umutambyi mukuru (Abaheb 4:14-15; 7:26; 8:1-

2).

e. Kubera urupfu rwe, ukuzuka kwe no kuzamuka kwe mu ijuru, Kristo aha ubushobozi buri

mwizera gukora icyo abatambyi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera bakoraga. Mu Isezerano rya Kera,

abatambyi ni bo bonyine bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira ahera h’Urusengero. Yesu

yahaye ubwo bubasha abantu be bose binyuze mu “icyizere cyo kwinjira ahera kubera amaraso

ya Yesu” ibihe byose (Abaheb 10:19-22; 4:16).

VIII. Yesu yasohoje kandi Yasimbuye Amategeko yo mu IK Abaheb 10:1-2 havuga yuko Amategeko yari “igicucu cy’ibyiza byari kuza atari ibintu byo mu buryo

bw’ukuri” (reba na none Abar 13:8-10). Itandukaniro hagati y’Amategeko ya Mose n’ubutware bukomeye bwa

Kristo rigaragarira muri Yoh 1:17: “kuko amategeko yatanzwe na Mose, ariko ubuntu n’ukuri byo byazanywe

na Yesu Kristo.” Mu buryo bwo gusobanukirwa neza ibijyanye n’ihinduka ry’ibihe bijyanye n’ukuza kwa Yesu,

icy’ingenzi muri ibi n’ihuriro riri hagati ya Yesu ubwe, inyigisho ze ku bijyanye n’ihuriro hagati y’ubwami

atangaza n’amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera (Torah). Igihe Yesu yiyereka abantu, yatumye ababayeho igihe

cye bakora amahitamo: “Ukwubaha Imana y’Abisirayeli bisobanura iki ku Umuyuda w’Umunyapalestina arimo

yumva ukwamamaza yuko ubwami bwari butegerejwe uhereye kera kwose bwahageze? Abariho icyo gihe cya

Yesu buzuye umwete bavuze bati: Torah (Ibitabo bitanu bya Mose by’amategeko) itanga igipimo cy’ukwubaha

Imana y’Abisirayeli n’isezerano rikuru ryayo. Yesu yavuze ati: Icy’ingenzi kirimo kinkurikirana.” (Wright

1996: 381) Ikibazo gisa n’icyo—uburyo dusobanukirwa ingaruka y’Isezerano Rishya ku Isezerano rya Kera—

biracyatugiraho ingaruka uyu munsi.

A. Amategeko yo mu IK yari kimwe mu bice bigize Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose (rya Kera) Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose n’Amategeko ye (harimo n’Isabato) yashyizweho kugira ngo Abisirayeli

bayagendereho igihe bazaba bageze mu gihugu cyabo. Nuko rero, imigisha n’imivumo yari ibohewe hamwe mu

buryo bugaragara ishingiye ku uburyo Isirayeli izubaha cyangwa se izigomeka ku Mategeko ya Mose (reba

Abalewi 26; Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 4; 6-9; 11; 27-29). N’ubwo Amategeko ubwayo yari ayera, yo mu ubryo

bw’umwuka kandi meza (Abar 7:12, 14, 16), ntiyateguwe mu buryo yashoboraga gutanga ubugingo (Abagal

3:21). Ntiyashobora gutsindanishiriza abantu (Abar 3:21; Abagal 3:11). Ntiyari urufatiro ku ugukiranuka

(Abagal 3:21). Iyaba Amategeko yari kuba ashobora kuba uburyo bwo kugera ku ubugingo, ntibyari bikenewe

yuko Kristo aza (reba Abagal 3:11-13, 19-24; 4:4-5). Amategeko ya Mose yashyizweho kubera icyaha

cy’abantu (Abagal 3:19). Yashyize ahagaragara uburyo abantu ari abanyabyaha (Abar 3:19-20; 7:7-12).

Icyongeyeho n’uko gukora ibyaha byiyongereye (Abar 4:15; 5:13-14, 20; 7:5; 1 Abakor 15:56). Yafungiye

abantu munsi y’icyaha (Abar 7:6, 23; 8:2-3; Abagal 3:23; 5:1; Abakol 2:14). Yazanye urupfu, atuma abantu

bahamwa n’imyifatire yabo irangwa n’icyaha (Abar 7:5, 9-11; 2 Abakor 3:7-9). Yagaragaje yuko ari

“imitwaro ba sogokuruza batashoboye kwikorera, ndetse natwe ni uko” (Ibyak 15:10).

B. Amategeko yo mu IK yari afite igihe yagenewe Amategeko yo mu IK yari yateguriwe kugira umurimo w’umwanya muto wo gutegura abantu kwakira

Kristo (Abagal 3:15-4:31; reba na none Abarom 7:24-25). Amategeko yagaragarije abantu yuko, nimba bifuza

kugira imibanire myiza n’Imana, ntibyari bikwiye gushingira ku ukwubaha Amategako (mu gihe batashoboye

gukurikiza Amategeko mu buryo bwuzuye) ahubwo byari bikwiye kunyura mu yindi nzira (n’ukuvuga binyuze

muri Yesu Kristo washoboye kwubahiriza Amategeko mu buryo butunganye hamwe no mu ubuntu bw’Imana

Yo yanditse ubukiranutsi bwuzuye ku ruhande rwa Kristo kuri bariya bahujwe na We binyuze mu ukwizera).

Nuko rero, Amategeko yateguriye abantu kwakira Kristo.

Hashingiwe ku Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu, Amategeko yo mu IK yari ay’igihe cyagenywe


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n’ukuvuga kugeza ku ukuza kwa Kristo.47 Mu Abagal 3:1-19 Paulo avuga ku ihuriro riri hagati y’Isezerano

Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu, Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Mose n’Amategeko, na Kristo. Paulo avuga yuko atari

ibikorwa by’Amategeko byatsindishirije Aburahamu ahubwo yuko yatsindishirijwe n’ukwizera (Abagal 3:6,

akoresha amagambo yo muri Itang 15:6). Ikindi, Isezerano Rikuru n’amasezerano arikubiyemo Imana yahaye

Aburahamu byakozwe imyaka magana ane na mirongo itatu (430) mbere yuko Mose ahabwa Amategeko,

bivuga yuko “ridakuraho isezerano rikuru ryarangije gushyirwaho n’Imana cyangwa se ngo rifute isezerano

ririkubiyemo” (Abagal 3:17). Amategeko yongeweho “kubera ibyaha” (Abagal 3:19a). Amategeko yo mu IK

yakoze nk’ “umushorera” (umurezi) (Abagal 3:24-25; 4:2) hejuru y’ “abana bato” (Abagal 4:1-3) kugeza ubwo

bageze ku gihe cyo gukora nk’abana b’abaragwa bizanywe na Kristo (Abagal 3:26; 4:4-7). Umushorera

(Ikigiriki = paidagōgos) “yari imbata yo mu rugo yari ifite umurimo wo kugenzura ibikorwa by’abana mu

muryango runaka uhereye mu ubwana ukageza mu gihe cy’ubugimbi… Kubera ibyo, ubuzima bw’umwana

muto ugendera munsi y’ubugenzuzi bw’umushorera (paidagōgos) bwarakurikiranwaga neza cyane. Nta

mudendezo na muke uwo mwana yari afite. Ishusho y’iki gitekerezo muri iyi mirongo yerekeza ku murimo

umwe gusa w’Amategeko. Uwo murimo n’uw’umucungagereza ushyiraho amategeko, ugacungera ubuzima

bw’ubwoko bw’Imana kumara igihe cyose bazaba bakiri abana mu buryo bw’umwuka. Kimwe n’amahame

y’ibanze agenga isi [Abagal 4:3, 9], Amategeko atanga amabwiriza y’ibikorwa bya buri munsi kugeza aho igihe

cy’ubwana kizaba kirangiye. Yashyiriweho kuba ay’igihe cyagenywe hashingiwe ku ihame ry’icyaha rikora

umurimo usa n’uwo ‘kugenzura’ abantu bagendera munsi yacyo, bashyira ahagaragara ubushake bw’Imana

nk’urufatizo ku itegeko rishingiye ku isezerano rikuru. Iby’ukwizera Kristu bimaze kuza, umurimo

w’Amategeko nk’umuzamu n’umucungagereza wahise uhagarara. Umwuka ahinduka ihame riyoborera umuntu

imbere muri we.” (Belleville 1986: 59, 60, 70)48 Abagal 3:23 na 3:25 hagaragaza itandukaniro: “Mbere y’uko

ukwizera kuza, twari muri gereza munsi y’amategeko,” ariko “Ubu ukwizera kwamaze kuza, ntitukiri munsi

y’umushorera.” Ukwo “kwizera” kubonerwa muri Kristo Yesu (3:24).

C. Amategeko yo mu IK yari Ishusho Amategeko ya Mose yari afite intego zo gukora nk’amashusho yerekezaga kuri Kristo n’Itorero kandi

zisohorera muri Kristo n’Itorero. Ingero zimwe na zimwe z’ibi n’amategeko ajyanye n’ibiribwa, ayajyanye

n’uguhumanura, amategeko ajyanye n’ibyo kuzirika ibikoko n’ukubifunga iminwa, hamwe n’amategeko

mpanabyaha.

1. Amategeko ajyanye n’Ibiribwa. Nyuma y’Umwuzure, Imana yabariye Nowa yuko abantu bashobora

kurya ibikoko by’ubwoko bwose, ata kurobanura (Itang 9:3-4). Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Mose

ryazananye ibyo kubuza kurya ibikōko bimwe na bimwe “bihumanye” (Abal 11:1-23, 41-47; Guteg

14:1-21). Ibi bivuga yuko amategeko yakora nk’ikimenyetso. Poythress aravuga ati, “Mu Isezerano rya

Kera, amahame agenga ukwera n’ukwitandukanya yasobanuwe mu gihe gito mu urwego rw’ishusho,

rwo mu buryo bufatika igihe hashyirwaho itandukaniro hagati y’ibiribwa byejejwe n’ibitejejwe. Iryo

tandukaniro ryo mu buryo bw’ikimenyetso ryari rihwanye n’igihe agakiza, nk’ikintu cyibumbiye

hamwe, kavuzwe mu buryo bw’ikimenyetso n’igicucu. Agakiza ntikari bwahagere mu ishusho yako ya

nyuma kandi idasubirwaho, n’ukuvuga, Kristo Ubwe n’igitambo cye ku musaraba.” (Poythress 1991:

85-86)

Kubera yuko ayo mategeko yari ikimenyetso—“ikigereranyo” n’ “igicucu” cyerekeza kuri

Kristo n’iby’ukuri byo mu ijuru (Abaheb 10:1-2)—byasohojwe igihe ukuri byerekezagaho kwaje

ahagaragara. Icy’uko amategeko agenga ibiribwa cyari ikimenyetso cy’umutima cyangwa se uburyo

umuntu ahagaze imbere muri we cyasobanuwe neza na Kristo muri Mariko 7:14-23 aho avuga yuko

icyinjira mu muntu (urugero ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe) atari cyo kimuhumanya, ahubwo yuko

ahumanywa n’ikiva mu mutima we. Icy’uko amategeko agenga ibiribwa cyari ikimenyetso cy’abantu

cyasobanuwe neza mu iyerekwa Imana yahaye Petero mu Ibyak 10:9-20. Inshuro eshatu, Petero

yabonye umwenda w’umukomahasi cyuzuyeho inyamaswa “zihumanye”, ariko Imana iramubwira iti,

“baga uzirye”. Ariko Petero we yumva yuko ari izo nyamaswa zirimo zivugwaho, ariko Imana

47

Mu buryo busobanutse, n’ubwo amasezerano makuru Imana yahaye Nowa (Itang 9:16, Yes 24:5), Aburahamu (Itang

17:7, 19; Zab 105:10; 1 Ngoma 16:17), Dawidi (2 Sam 23:5; 2 Ngoma 13:5), n’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya (Yes 55:3;

61:8; Yer 32:40; 50:5; Ezek 16:60; 37:26), yose yitwa amasezerano “ahoraho”, isezerano rikuru ryahawe Mose ryo

ntiryigera ryitwa “irihoraho” cyangwa se “iridakuka.” 48

Mu ikoreshwa rya “tu-twa” muri 4:3, Paulo yarimo yishyira mu mubare w’Abakristu b’Abagalatiya, kandi yavuga yuko

Amategeko ya Mose yari kimwe cyagira abantu imbāta. Abagalatiya b’imbere y’Ubukristu, bari Abapagani,

Abanyamahanga bari “barabaswe no gusenga ibigirwamana bya gipagani, kimwe n’uko Abayuda bari barabaswe

n’Amategeko,” kandi abo bombi bari bakeneye agakiza (Burke 2006: 86-87).


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iramubarira iti, “ibyo Imana ihumanuye, wibyita ibizira” (Ibyak 10:15). Nyuma Petero aza

gusobanukirwa yuko Imana yarimo ivuga yuko kiremwa muntu, ubwoko yaba akomokamo bwose, bose

“bejejwe” ku urwego rumwe (Ibyak 10:28, 34-35; 11:1-18; 15:7-9). Icya nyuma, ishusho y’amategeko

agenga ibiribwa byo mu Isezerano rya Kera yasohoreye muri iki yuko aba Kristo bose basangiriye

hamwe ku biribwa nyabyo, bitanga ubugingo: umubiri n’amaraso bya Kristo ubwe (Yoh 6:51-58).

Nuko rero, muri Kristo, ni mo ibimenyetso byose byasohoreye. Noneho, ubwo Kristo yamaze kuza,

agasohoza Amategeko, kubwira umuntu ngo ntakarye ku biribwa bimwe na bimwe kubera yuko

“bihumanye n’uburyo bumwe bwo kuva mu ukwizera kuko Imana ari Yo yaremye ibiribwa byose

“kugira ngo abizera bakamenya ukuri, babirye bashima: 4 Kuko ibyo Imana yaremye byose ari byiza,

ntiharimo icyo gutabwa iyo cyakiranywe ishimwe; 5 kuko cyezwa n’ijambo ry’Imana no gusenga.” (1

Tim 4:3-5)

2. Amategeko agenga imihango yo kweza icyahumanye. Abisirayeli ntibakoraga ku ntumbi z’abantu

(Kub 19:11-22) cyangwa se ku ntumbi z’inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe (Abal 11:24-40) kuko bahita

“bahumana” kumara igihe kandi babwirizwa gukora imihango yo kwezwa. Ukwo kuziririza gushingiye

ku icy’uko ‘mwebwe [Abisirayeli muri ubwoko bwerejwe Uwiteka Imana yanyu’ (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri

14:21). Isi yaranduye kubera umuvumo n’uguhumana gukomoka ku ukugwa. Amahanga na yo afite

uruhare muri uku guhumana kubera uburyo bajya bakora ku bikoko bihumanye. Ariko ukwo guhumana

ubwakwo si icyaha. Ahubwo n’ishusho y’icyaha. Kuvavanura n’uguhumana na byo bigendana

n’ishusho y’ukwera. Isirayeli yonyine ni yo isabwa kwubahiriza umuhango wihariye w’ukweza, kuko

ari ubwoko bwera.” (Poythress 1991: 84-85) Ikindi, uku gutandukanya icyera n’ikitera byerekanaga

imbaraga z’icyaha zari zihari: igihumanye cyanduza icyera, kandi icyera ntigishobora kuboneza

igihumanye (Hag 2:10-14).

Kristo ni we sohozwa w’ishusho amategeko agenga uguhumanura yerekezagaho kubera yuko

ari we kinyabuzima gitunganye kandi cyera rwose hejuru y’ibindi byose byigeze kubaho; kandi

yanesheje icyaha n’urupfu (reba Mariko 1:24; Luka 4:34; Ibyak 3:14; 4:27, 30; Abar 5:19; 6:6; 1

Abakor 15:21-22; 1 Pet 3:18; 1 Yoh 2:20). Nuko rero, ubushobozi bwo kunesha bwa Kristo

bubirindura ihame ry’amategeko agenga ibijyanye no guhumanura. Igihe Yesu yakoraga ku umubembe,

ntiyahumanye, ahubwo umubembe ni we wahumanutse (Mat 8:1-4; Mariko 1:40-44; Luka 5:12-14).

Mu gitambo cye ku musaraba, ni ho Yesu yereje abifatanya na we bose binyuze mu ukwizera (Abaheb

10:10). Iri “hame ryo kubirindura” ni na ryo rikoreshwa mu nzira zifatika mu buzima bwacu: N’ubwo

Abisirayeli bo mu Isezerno rya Kera bashatse abatizera basabwaga gutandukana n’abagore babo

b’abapagani (Ezra 9:1-10:14), nta tegeko rihata Abakristo gutandukana n’abagore babo batizera (1

Abakor 7:10-13). Ahubwo, abo bagore batizera n’abana bakomoka muri urwo rushako bahita babarwa

mu “bejejwe” kubera iryo huriro ryabo n’Umukristu (1 Abakor 7:14).49

3. Amategeko agenga kuboha no gufunga akanwa k’ibikoko. Guteg 22:10 havuga, “Ntuzahingishe

icyuma gikururwa n’inka n’indogobe zifatanije hamwe” (reba na none Abal 19:19; Guteg 22:9, 11 ku

bijyanye n’ubundi buryo bwo gufatanya bubujijwe). Paulo akoresha iki gitekerezo ku bantu muri 1 na 2

Abakorinto: “Ntukifatanye n’uwitwa mwene Data nimba ari umusambanyi” (1 Abakor 5:11); ushake

“uri mu Umwami wenyine” (1 Abakor 7:39); Ntimukifatanye [bisobanura ‘ibidahwanye’] n’abatizera”

(2 Abakor 6:14). Igisa n’ibi, Guteg 25:4 havuga ngo, “Ntugahambire umunwa w’inka ihonyōra.” Mu

1 Abakor 9:9-10, Paulo asubiramo iri tegeko asobanura atya ati,“Mbese inka ni zo Imana yitaho gusa?

Cyangwa se yabivuze ku ubwacu? Yee, s’ugushidikanya, byanditswe ku ubwacu.” Yongera kandi

gusubiramo iri tegeko kandi muri 1 Tim 5:17-18 nk’impamvu ituma itorero ryari rikwiriye guhemba

umupasitori waryo. James Jordan yanzura avuga ati, “Mu yandi magambo, amategeko agenga

inyamaswa yose yita ku ubugingo bw’umuntu. . . . Ikintu kimwe kiragaragara: Intego ya mbere

y’amategeko agenga inyamaswa mu Mategeko ya Mose n’urwego rwerekeza ku kimenyetso no ku

umuntu.” (Jordan 1988: 98)

4. Amategeko asobanura icyaha cyo kwica umuntu. Nimba umuntu yishe mugenzi we mu buryo

bw’impanuka, yahungiraga mu mudugudgu w’ubuhungiro kugira ngo yihishe umuryango w’uwapfuye

batamwica mu buryo bw’ukwihorera (reba Kub 35:1-34; Guteg 19:1-10). Uwo muntu yagumaga muri

49

Igitekerezo cya Paulo muri 1 Abakor 7:14 kivuga yuko ugushakana n’utizera byabaye mbere y’uko uwo utizera

ahinduka Umukristu, ariko noneho ni ngombwa yuko abizera bo bashaka “mu Umwami” (1 Abakor 7:39). Bityo, mu 2

Abakor 6:15-17, Paul arabaza ati, “uwizera n’utizera bafitanye umugabane ki?” asubiramo amagambo yo muri Yes 52:11

(“Ntimukore ku kintu cyose gihumanye”) ashimangira yuko ihame ry’ukwitandukanya n’icyaha nk’uko byari ku mutima

w’amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera ku bijyanye n’isuku’ rigikora n’ubu ku Bakristu mu bijyanye n’urushako hamwe

n’indi mibanire.


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uwo mudugudu w’ubuhungiro kugeza ubwo umutambyi mukuru apfa (Kub 35: 25-27). Impamvu y’uku

gufungwa; n’ubwo umuntu yaba yishwe nta kugambira kurimo, amaraso y’umuntu “yanduza igihugu”

(Kub 35:32-34; reba na none Itang 4:10-11 [“ijwi ry’amaraso ya murumunawe [Abel] rirantakira mu

butaka”]). “Igihe Yesu Kristo yapfaga, yapfuye nk’Umutambyi w’Abatambyi Mukuru [Abaheb 2:17;

4:14-5:10; 7:1-8:6; 10:11-22]. Yapfuye rimwe rizima, kugira ngo amaraso ye ahongere amaraso

yamenywe ku butaka. . . . Ahantu hamwe gusa hahumanijwe ubutagisubirwaho mu haremwe n’Imana ni

gihenomu, kandi muri gihenomu Uhorera Amaraso ahora amena umujinya w’iteka ryose kuri ho bariya

banze guhungira kuri Yesu Kristo, we Mudugudu w’Ubuhungiro wacu (Heb. 6:18).” (Jordan 1984: 101-

102).

5. Amategeko avuga ku gihano cy’urupfu. Imana ntishobora gutura ahantu ibona icyaha (reba Yes 59:1-

2; Habak 1:13). Icyo itegeko ryasabaga n’uko abakoze icyaha cy’ubusambanyi bicwa, kimwe

n’abasemgaga ibigirwamana, n’ibindi; mu uburyo bwo kugaragaza ukwera kw’Imana n’urwego

rw’ukwera isaba ku ubwoko bwayo, urug. “Mube abera nk’uko na njye ndi Uwera” (Abal 11:44-45;

19:2; 20:26). IR riha agaciro iryo hame ry’ukwera n’ugutungana ariko rikaryerekeza ku itorero, iri na

ryo rikerekana yuko Amategeko yo mu IK yatsimbuwe igihe ukuri kw’icyo yerekezagaho cyasohoraga:

“Abalewi 20:11 havuga itegeko yuko Abisirayeli bica uwo muntu wese ufashwe asambana n’umugore

wa se. Intumwa Paulo, igihe yarimo avuga ku bisa n’ibyo muri 1 Abakor 5:1-13, aha itorero amabwiriza

yuko be n’uwo muntu afatirwa icyemezo cyo kwirukanwa mu rusengero, atari ukwicwa mu buryo

bw’umubiri. Uku kwirukanwa kw’umunyabyaha wanze kwihana n’igihano kibabaza kandi gikomeye,

mu gihe ibi byasobanuraga yuko ari ‘guha uwo muntu Satani.’ Na none kwirukanwa mu rusengero

byerekeza ku gitekerezo yuko uwo munyabyaha yazagera aho yoroshya umutima we wari warinangiye

kubera ukwo gushyirwa ku murongo kwe byakozwe n’itorero, hagamijwe yuko byashoboka yuko

‘umutima we uzakira ku munsi w’Umwami Yesu’ (v.5). Mu kurangiza igitekerezo cye akoresha undi

murongo wo mu Mategeko ya Mose wavugaga ibihano byateganyijwe ku byaha by’ubusambanyi (‘uko

abe ari ko mukura ikibi hagati muri mwe.’ Guteg 22:22, 24), Paulo ahuza itorero ari ryo sohozwa rya

Isirayeli n’uguhanwa kwo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kugira ngo itorero ririnde ugutungana kwaryo

nk’isohozwa ry’ibihano biteganywa n’amategeko yari yagenewe kurinda ukwera kwa Isirayeli kwo mu

urwego rusange. Mu bitabo bya Mose, amagambo ngo, ‘Mukure ikibi hagati muri mwe,’ akoreshwa mu

ukwica Abisirayeli basengaga ibigirwamana (Guteg 17:7), umutangabuhamya w’ibinyoma (19:19),

abana batumvira ababyeyi babo kandi b’abagome (21:18-21), n’abandi bose bazahamywa ibyhaba

by’ubusambanyi byo mu buryo butandukanye. Muri buri kimwe muri ibi, kuba ibihano bifatwa ari ibyo

mu urwego rwo hejuru cyane si uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko nk’uko bisanzwe bikorwa

no mu bindi bihugu muri rusange, ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kurinda ukwera n’ugutungana kwa

Isirayeli nk’ubwoko bufitanye isezerano n’Imana. Inzira itorero rikoresha mu uguhana nk’uko

byasobanuwe na Yesu (Mat. 18:15-20) n’intumwa ze (1 Abakor. 5:1-13; 1 Tim. 5:20-25; etc.) n’uburyo

Imana ikoresha mu uguhamagarira abantu bayo bo mu gihe cy’isezerano rikuru rishya kugira ngo

barinde ugutungana kwabo.” (Johnson 2007: 281-82)

D. Amategeko yo mu IK yari ubuhanuzi Muri Luka 16:16 (“Amategeko n’Abahanuzi byabayeho kugeza igihe cya Yohana: Uhereye icyo gihe ni

ho ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana bwigishirijwe”) Yesu yatangaje impinduka ikomeye mu Mategeko

yo mu IK (reba na none Mat 11:13 havuga yuko Amategeko yari afite umurimo w’ubuhanuzi warangiriye kuri

Yohana Umubatiza). Yesu yarimo avuga yuko “igihe cyagenywe cy’uko abantu bahuzwa n’Imana binyuze mu

magambo ahwanye na cyo [urug., amagambo y’IK] cyarangiriye kuri Yohana . . . IK ryose ririmo rirebwa

nk’igice cya mbere ‘kiduha gusobanukirwa neza amateka ajyanye n’ ‘isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi’” (Moo 1984:23).

Kubera Amategeko ya Mose (n’IK muri rusange) yari afite umurimo w’ubuhanuzi werekezaga kuri Yesu

n’inyigisho ze, yuko igitanga ubutumwa bw’ubuhanuzi kubera imiterere yacyo n’icy’igihe gito kandi gifatwa

kikanagendera munsi y’ububasha bw’isohozwa ry’ubwo buhanuzi” (Carson 1984:146).

E. Yesu yazanywe no gusohoza Amategeko Yesu yavuze ati, “Mwitekereza yuko naje gukuraho amategeko cyangwa se ibyahanuwe. Sinaje

kubikuraho, ahubwo naje kubisohoza. Kandi ndababwira ukuri yuko ijuru n’isi kugeza aho bizashirira,

amategeko atazavaho inyuguti imwe cyangwa se agace kayo gato, kugeza aho byose bizarangirira” (Mat 5:17-

18).

1. “Amategeko cyangwa se Abahanuzi” bihwanye n’IK ryose. “Yesu yashyizemo umuhate mu

kwerekana ihuriro riri hagati y’inyigisho ze n’ahantu ziboneka mu mateka y’ugucungurwa; akabihuza

n’Ibyanditswe byo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Kuko iyi ari yo nsobanuro y’amagambo, “Amategeko


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cyangwa se Abahanuzi’: Ibyanditswe. Iri jambo ‘cyangwa se’ rirabyerekana neza yuko ata na kimwe

muri ibi kibwirizwa gukurwaho. Abayuda bo mu gihe cya Yesu bemeza yuko ‘Amategeko

n’Abahanuzi’ ari byo bigize Ibyanditswe (7:12; 11:13; 22:40; Luka 16:16; Yoh 1:45; Ibyak 13:15;

28:23; Abar 3:21); ‘Amategeko. . . , Abahanuzi, na Zaburi (Luka 24:44); cyangwa se ‘Amategeko’ gusa

(5:18; Yoh 10:34; 12:34; 15:25; 1 Abakor 14:21); icyo gihe Bibiliya ntiyari bwagashyirwe mu bice

byayo nk’uko biri ubu.” (Carson 1984: 142)

2. Yesu yavukiye munsi y’Amategeko kandi arayubahiriza mu buryo bwuzuye. Yesu “yavutse

atwarwa n’amategeko” (Abagal 4:4). Yagendeye mu bisabwa byose byo mu Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera

no mu Mategeko (reba Yes 53:9; Luka 23:40-41; Yoh 8:46; Abaheb 4:15). Mu rukiko, Yesu

ntiyigeze ashinjwa kwica amategeko (reba Mat 26:57-68; Mariko 14:53-65; Luka 22:66-71; Yoh

18:19-24).

3. IK ryerekeza kuri Kristo kandi “ryarabisohoje” (Mat 5:17). Ijambo “gusohoza”mu Kigiriki (Ikigiriki

= plēroō) mu bisanzwe risobanura “Kuganisha ku nsobanuro byagenewe” (Poythress 1991: 368). Mu

Butumwa Bwiza bwa Matayo, bijyanye na 5:17, uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha plēroō “buhwanye

n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi mu bugingo n’umuhate wa Kristo” (Meier 1976: 80). Igihe Yesu yavugaga

yuko yazanywe no “gusohoza” Amategeko, yarimo avuga yuko Amategeko n’Abahanuzi byerekezaga

kuri We. Amategeko ubwayo ntiyari yuzuye, ariko yerekezaga ku nyigisho ze. We n’inyigisho ze bujuje

kandi basohoje icyo byari bigamije, byerekezagaho, kandi byatangije. Igikorwa cya Yesu ku musaraba

cyagejeje ku iherezo y’intego n’imiterere iboha y’amategeko yo mu IK (ya Mose). Amategeko yo mu

IK yamamazaga imitegekere y’Imana mu buryo byibura butatu: “Ubwa mbere, Imana itangaza kandi

ishyiraho itegeko, umurongo w’ubuzima, ubukiranutsi, n’inzira inoze. Amatageko avuga neza uburyo

ubuzima bubwirizwa kumera munsi y’ubuyobozi bw’Imana, itandukaniro n’amategeko akwiye

gukomezwa. Icya kabiri, avuga kamere y’Imana kandi agafungurira Isirayeli ku ukwegera hafi y’Imana

nka Yo ivuga. Uburyo Imana yavuganaga na Isirayeli bwagaragaramo ubwiru bwo mu buryo bwihariye

hagati yayo na Isirayeli, kuruta uburyo yavuganaga n’andi mahanga (reba Zaburi 147:19-20). Icya

gatatu, Amategeko yasobanuraga uburyo ibihano n’iteka rizacibwa ku batubaha Imana, n’ingororano ku

bayubaha. . . . Kristo yagejeje izo mpande eshatu z’imitegekere y’Imana ku isohozwa nk’uko twarangije

kubibona. Yashyize ahagaragara umurongo w’ubuzima Imana igenderamo binyuze mu rugero rwe, mu

magambo ye, n’inyigisho z’Intumwa yohereje ubwe. Yafunguye na none inzira igana ku ihuriro

n’ubusabane n’Imana bwo ku giti cy’umuntu byo mu buryo bwimbitse igihe aduhishurira kamere

y’Imana. ‘Ni We kurabagirana kw’ubwiza bwayo n’ishusho ya kamere yayo’ (Abaheburayo 1:3).

Yatanze na none igitambo cya nyuma cy’ibyaha igihe yapfiraga ku musaraba, bityo akaba yarasohoje

amategeko y’igihano cyagenewe ukutubaha. . . . Bityo Yesu Kristo yubashye Amategeko mu buryo

bwuzuye, arayambara mu buryo bwuzuye, yongera na none aba urugero rutunganye kuri yo. . . .

Amategeko ya Mose n’ishusho n’igicucu cy’ugutungana kwuzuye n’ugukiranuka kwa Kristo, ah’uko

Kristo ari We waba ishusho y’Amategeko.” (Poythress 1991: 78-80, 92-93) Reba na none Abar 10:4

(“Kristo ni We herezo [Intego] y’amategeko ku ugukiranuka kuri buri wese wizera”).

4. “Byose byarangiriye” (Mat 5:18) ku musaraba no ku ukuzuka. Urupfu rwa Yesu n’ukuzuka kwe

n’ihuriro ry’ibihe bya mbere n’iby’ubu. Muri Mat 5:18 cyane-cyane kuri 18d [“Kugeza aho byose

bizarangirira”] hasobanura imvugo y’ibizaba ibihe bya nyuma bya 18b [“kugeza ubwo isi n’ijuru

bizashirira”] mu magambo y’uburyo ubuhanuzi bwose buzasohorera muri Kristo (bikarangirira mu

rupfu n’ukuzuka kwe). Mu nshamake, 18d havuga yuko 18b bisohora igihe cy’ugupfa-kuzuka kwa

Yesu, ibi na byo n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwo mu IK; umurongo wa 18b havuga yuko 18d havuga

ibizasohora mu bihe bishya. Izi nteruro zombi zifitanye ihuriro ryo mu buryo busubizanya.” (Meier

1976: 64-65) Bityo, amagambo ya nyuma Yesu yavugiye ku musaraba mbere y’uko apfa yari

“Birarangiye!” (Yoh 19:30).

5. Mu rupfu rwe n’ukuzuka kwe, Yesu yagiye hejuru y’Amategeko yo mu IK, aranayatsimbura. “Yesu

yapfuye urupfu rwo ku musaraba, bityo, hakurikijwe amategeko, yari yabaye ikivume imbere y’Imana

[reba Guteg 21:23, nk’uko byongeye kuvugwa mu Abagal 3:13]. Ariko, inararibonye iri mu

uguhinduka kwa Paulo byatumye Imana yerekana Yesu nk’umukiranutsi aho kwitwa ikivume, igihe

yamuzura imukuye mu bapfuye. Bityo, Yesu (cyangwa se, mu buryo busobanutse kurushiriza, igikorwa

Imana yakoze inyuze muri Yesu) yagiye hejuru y’Amategeko yo yamuhamya nk’ikivume, nyuma none

akaba arimo akora mu bundi buryo; ubu none ni Yesu, aho kuba Amategeko cyangwa se isezerano

rikuru ryahawe Mose, kuko ubwo buryo ari bwo bwahindutse inzira y’igikorwa cy’Imana cyo gukiza

Abanyamahanga n’Abayuda.” (DeLacey 1982: 161)


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F. Yesu yashimangiye kandi yerekanye ubutware bwe hejuru y’Amategeko yose yo mu IK 1. Yesu yavuze yuko ari We “Mwami w’Isabato” (Mat 12:6; Mariko 2:28; Luka 6:5). Abafarisayo

bavuze yuko abigishwa ba Yesu bakoze icyaha cyo kwica Isabato kubera ko bafashe ku mitwe y’ingano

ku munsi w’Isabato. Yesu asubiza ati, “nta cyaha abigishwa bafite kuko [We] nk’Umwana w’Umuntu

ari we Mwami w’Isabato” (Carson 1982: 67). Avuga ibyo, Yesu yarimo ashimangira “uburyo ari hejuru

y’Isabato, n’ububasha afite bwo gukuraho cyangwa se guhindura Amategeko agenga Isabato” (Moo

1984: 17). Muri Yoh 5:17-18 yemeje abantu na none yuko areshya n’Imana igihe yakizaga umuntu ku

munsi w’Isabato, akamubarira ati, “fata inderuzo yawe ugende,” bityo akaba yari yishe amategeko

agenga Isabato. Bityo, ibyo Yesu yavuga yuko ari “Umwami w’Isabato” bijyanye n’ingeso ze ahubwo

bigira n’ingaruka ku ngeso z’abandi (n’ukuvuga, yakoze ibyemewe n’amategeko kubwira umuntu ngo

yikorere inderuzo ye igihe ibyo byari bibujijwe). Kubera yuko itegeko ry’Isabato ryari rimwe mu

Mategeko Icumi, “ubutware bwa Yesu nka We usohoza amategeko buri no hejuru y’ayo Mategeko

Icumi” (Moo 1984: 29).

2. Yesu yigishije ku ubutware bwe bwigenga, butagendera munsi y’amategeko avugwa ku munwa,

cyangwa se imigenzo, cyangwa se Amategeko yanditse yo mu Isezerano rya Kera (Mat 7:28-29; 13:54;

Mariko 1:21-22; Luka 4:31-32; Yoh 7:46). Amagambo ye ngo, “Mwumvise abakera bavuga ngo . . .

ariko jyeho ndababwira” (Mat 5:21-22, 27-28, 31-32, 33-34, 38-39, 43-44), ntiyasobanura amategeko

yo mu Isezerano rya Kera byonyine, cyangwa se ngo yerekane “insobanuro nyayo y’Amatageko,”

cyangwa se ngo abe arimo ayashimangira, cyangwa se ayakomeza. Ahubwo, “ijambo ngo,

‘Ndababwira’ ashimangira ububasha bwo mu urwego rwo hejuru y’isubirwamo ry’amategeko yo mu

IK” (Moo 1988:205). Nuko rero, “ibyo Yesu ubwe asaba bigera hejuru y’ubusobanuro busanzwe y’ibi

byanditswe akoresha; kandi ibyinshi mu byo asaba nta ho bibona ibibishyigikira mu IK” (Ibid). Yongera

kwemeza ububasha bwe kubera ibimenyetso byo mu buryo bw’ibitangaza yakoze (Matt 9:2-8; Mariko

2:1-12; Luke 5:18-26).

3. Yesu yishe kandi ashinja “amategeko-mvugo.” Abayuda bizera yuko “amategeko-mvugo” (Halakah)

yatangiwe ku Musozi Sinayi kimwe n’Amategeko yo mu buryo bwanditswe (Torah). Amategeko-

mvugo yari yemewe nk’afite ubutware, n’ubwo ubwo butware butanganaga n’ubw’amategeko yo mu

buryo bwanditswe (Carson 1982: 76; Moo 1984: 18). Ubuzima bwa Yesu bwerekanye itandukaniro ryo

mu buryo busesuye hagati y’amategeko yo mu buryo bwanditse n’amategeko-mvugo. “Nta rugero

rutagirwaho impaka rw’ingingo yo mu Mategeko yo mu buryo bwanditse yaba yanyuze ku ruhande”

(Carson 1982: 79). Ku rundi ruhande, “Muri rusange, Yesu ahakana Halakah mu buryo buhamye, ata

mpuhwe na nke cyangwa se ugushidikanya, na cyane-cyane igihe bijya impaka n’ uburyo bwe bwite

akoresha Isezerano rya Kera, cyangwa se mu nyigisho ze ku Ubwami” (Ibid.: 1976). Mu ngero z’uburyo

Yesu arwanya, cyangwa se yica itegeko ryo mu buryo bwanditse harimo: “Corban” (amafaranga

agenewe Urusengero) (Mat 15:5-12; Mariko 7:9-13); ugukiza abarwayi kandi bitihutirwaga yakoraga

ku munsi w’Isabato (Mat 12:9-14; Luka 13:10-17; Yoh 5:1-17); kurisha intoke zidakarabye (Mat

15:1-3; Mariko 7:1-9).

G. Yesu yabayeho agendera munsi y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera ariko akaba ari We wari Intumwa

y’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya N’ubwo Yesu ubwe yabayeho ayoborwa n’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, inyigisho ze zemeranyaga

n’umutima w’Amategeko ya Mose kandi zikarangiriza mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya.

1. Ubuzima n’inyigisho bya Yesu byabayeho mu bihe by’amateka ya Isirayeli yo mu IK ariko

byerekezaga na none ku bihe by’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya. “Mu murimo we wo mu ruhame, Yesu

yirinze kurenga urugabano rw’ihame ry’igihugu n’ubwoko bwa Isirayeli, n’ubwo harimo ubuhanuzi

bumwe na bumwe bwavugaga ibyari gusohora nyuma yo gupfa-kuzuka. Ibihe n’ibi, n’uko mu murimo

we wo mu ruhame, Yesu yatangaje neza yuko yubaha cyane Amategeko ya Mose. . . . Nyuma y’urupfu

rwe no kuzuka kwe, Umwami Yesu yahise akuraho ibijyanye no kugarukiriza umurimo we ku mbibe

z’igihugu cye n’ubwoko bwe. Nuko rero, igihe yategekaga abigishwa be kujyana ubutumwa mu

mahamga yose no guhindura abantu abigishwa be, no kubabatiza byakuragaho ububasha bw’itegeko ryo

gukebwa no gukurikiza Amategeko ya Mose nk’uko byarangaga kera umurimo we wo mu ruhame. Ibi

bishobora gusobanuka neza. Nta bundi buryo umurimo ugarukira ku ubutaka n’ubwoko bya Isirayeli

byonyine wari gukoreka keretse habayeho kwubaha Amategeko ya Mose, kimwe n’uko umurimo

ugejejwe no ku Abanyamahanga, nta buryo wari gushoboka—tubaye dushyize no ku ruhande ikijyanye

n’imiterere yawo—hatabayeho gushyira ku ruhande icyo kijyanye n’ugukebwa.” (Meier 1976:29-30)

2. Yesu yigishije amahame ahwanye n’umutima w’Amategeko ya Mose. Muri Mariko 7:14-23 Yesu


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yashimangiye ihame: “Nta kinjira mu muntu kivuye inyuma ngo kimuhumanye [ahubwo] ibiva mu

muntu ni byo bimuhumanya”) ibi byari “byerekeye ku ugukuraho ibice byinshi by’amategeko ya

Pentateke (Ibitabo bitanu bya Mose) (Moo 1984: 28). Mu buryo bwo gushimangira iryo hame, Yesu

“yatangaje yuko ibyo kurya byose bihumanuwe” (Mariko 7:19; reba na none Ibyak 10:9-16; Abar

14:1-17; [“ubwami bw’Imana ntibushingiye ku byo kurya n’ibyo kunywa”] 1 Abakor 8:1-9:4; 10:23-

30; Abakol 2:16-17 [“Nuko rero, ntihakagire ubacira urubanza ku byo murya cyangwa se ibyo

munywa”]; 1 Tim 4:3-5). Bityo, aba abirinduye ibigize amategeko yo mu IK yagengaga ibyo kurya.

Ikindi, icyaganiriweho kuruta ibindi mu Nama Nkuru y’Itorero yabereye i Yerusalemu

(Ibyakozwe 15) cyari icyo kwemeranya nimba abizera Kristo bashya bategekwa gukebwa no kubaha

Amategeko ya Mose (Ibyak 15:1-2, 5-6). Inama yanzura ivuga yuko ugukebwa no kuboherwa ku

Mategeko ya Mose bitari ngombwa (Ibyak 15:7-11, 19-20, 28-29). Iki ni cyo kibazo Paulo avugaho mu

Abagal 5:1-6. Mu gihe itorero rikurikije amategeko ya Yesu muri Mat 28:19, “rigiye kujya rikoresha

umubatizo kuruta ugukebwa nk’umuhango w’ibanze kuri aba bakomeza idini ari bo bizera bashya, bityo

mu by’ukuri ntawashobora kuvuga yuko . . . hagati ya Kristo n’ . . . Itorero utegeka kwubahiriza

Amategko ya Mose . . . mu bihe by’inyuma y’ ukuzuka. Ushingiye ku bitekerezo bishingiye ku idini

ry’Ikiyuda, ukwubaha amategeko ya Mose na cyane-cyane ku bishingiye ku ugukebwa byari

bihabanye.” (Meier 1976: 29)

Kristo yavuze ati, “Amategeko ntazavaho inyuguti imwe cyangwa agace kayo gato, kugeza aho

byose bizarangirira” (Mat 5:18). Ibyo kurya n’ugukebwa ntibyari ibibazo bito ahubwo byari ku

mutima w’Amategeko kandi ni byo byagaragazaga Umuyuda nyakuri (reba Abal 20:26 [Isirayeli yari

ikeneye kwitandukanya n’andi mahanga]; Abal 11:44-47; Guteg 14:21 (itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo

kurya bihumanye n’ibidahumanye byari ikimenyetso cy’ukwera); Itang 17:9-14 [ugukebwa cyari

ikimenyetso cy’Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Aburahamu]; Abal 12:3 [ugukebwa cyari ikintu cya

ngombwa ku Bayuda bose b’igitsina gabo]; Yos 5:2-9 [ugukebwa byari iby’ingenzi kuri Isirayeli kugira

ngo yinjire mu gihugu cy’isezerano]). Kuba bitakiri itegeko gukurikiza amategeko agenga ibyo kurya

cyangwa se ugukebwa byatumye itorero rimenya yuko, mu buzima bwe no mu rupfu rwe ku musaraba,

Kristo “yari yasohoje ibyo byose” Amategeko yari yaratwikiriye. Bityo rero, iyo umuntu yizeye

ubutumwa bwa Kristo bisobanura yuko atakigendera munsi y’Amategeko ya Mose.

3. Inyigisho za Yesu ku bijyanye n’amategeko byatsimbuye urwandiko rw’Amategeko ya Mose. “Ku

musozi wa Kaluvari, Kristo yakira kandi yuzuza amahame ajyanye n’Amategeko ya Mose”

(Goldsworthy 2000: 96). Ariko kubera yuko Kristo yuzuza cyangwa se asohoza amahame akubiye mu

Amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera, ntiyasize urwandiko rw’amategeko yo mu IK mu umwimerere

warwo wa mbere. “Yesu yahinduye mu buryo bwumvikana kandi burangwamo ubutware [ubutane Mat

5:31-32], yongeraho [ukunde umwanzi wawe hejuru yo gukunda mugenzawe, Mat 5:43-44],

amenyekanisha [indahiro, Mat 5:33-37; lex talions (“ijisho ku rindi”), Mat 5: 38-42], cyangwa se

akoresha insobanuro yo mu buryo bwimbitse [mu ukwica habamo urwango Mat 5:21-22; mu

ugusambana habamo ukwifuza, Mat 5:27-28], hamwe n’ibice bitandukanye by’Isezerano rya Kera. . . .

Inyigisho zirangwamo ubutware zari ziteze kuvuga impinduka zidashobora gusohora keretse nyuma

y’Ukuzuka.” (Carson 1982: 79)

H. Abakristo ntibabohewe munsi y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose cyangwa se n’itegeko iryo ari ryo ryose ryo

mu Mategeko yo mu IK ahubwo bagendera munsi y’ “Itegeko rya Kristo” 1. Kristo ari hejuru y’Amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera cyangwa se Amategeko yo mu Isezerano

aracyafite imbaraga. Yesu yavuze ati, “Amategeko atazavaho inyuguti imwe cyangwa se agace kayo

gato, kugeza aho byose bizarangirira” (Mat 5:18). Igihe yavuga ibyo, “Yesu ntiyarimo avuga yuko

Amategeko akomeza kuboha iteka ryose abizera bo mu bihe by’Isezerano Rishya. Iyo biba bimeze

bityo, uyu munsi Abakristu bobaye bagisabwa kwubahiriza amategeko agenga ibitambo n’imihango

kimwe n’ariya agenga imyifatire, kandi ibyo byakwica bimwe mu bice by’Isezerano Rishya” (Hays

2001: 29). Mu yandi magambo, Abakristo ntibashobora “gutoranya no guhitamo” amategeko yo mu IK

agikoreshwa muri iki gihe n’andi atagikoreshwa; Amategeko yose afatwa kimwe. Bityo, hamwe no

kubihuza n’ugukebwa, Paulo yavuze yuko, kugira ngo umuntu asubire inyuma, yishyire munsi y’igice

kimwe cy’Amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera, ibi byasobanura yuko yishize munsi y’ubutware

bw’Amategeko yose: “Ubwo Kristo yatubaturiye kuba ab’umudendezo, nuko muhagarare mushikamye,

mutacyongera kubohwa n’ububata. Dore jyewe Paulo, ndababwira yuko nimukebwa, Kristo atazagira

icyo abamarira. Kandi ndabwira umuntu wese ukebwa, ko azaba afite umwenda wo kurangiza


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ibyategetswe n’amategeko byose. Mwebwe abashaka gutsindishirizwa n’amategeko, mutandukanijwe na

Kristo kuko mwaguye, muretse ubuntu bw’Imana.” (Abagal 5:1-4)

2. Ingaruka z’impinduka z’ibihe by’ugucungurwa (n’ukuvuga uhereye igihe cy’Isezerano Rikuru rya

Kera ukageza igihe cy’ukuza kwa Kristo) n’uko nta tegeko rya Mose rikora ku bizera. Kubera yuko

Yesu yavuze ati, “amategeko atazavaho inyuguti imwe cyangwa se agace kayo gato, kugeza aho byose

bizarangirira” (Mat 5:18), igihe itegeko ryaba rikuweho, andi mategeko yose yo mu IK yahita ajyana

na ryo. Bityo, igihe atangaza yuko “ibyo kurya byose byejejwe” (Mariko 7:19), Imana yabariye Petero

“Ibyo Imana ihumanuwe, wibyita ibizira” (Ibyak 10:15), ibi byasobanuraga yuko byose byari

byarangije gusohora: Amategeko yose yo mu IK yari yasohoye kandi yuko atagikoreshwa ku Bakristu.

Na none, itegeko rya kera ryo gukebwa—ryo ryari umutima w’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera—ryakuweho

(1 Abakor 7:18-19; Abagal 5:1-2, 11-12; 6:13-15; Abafil 3:2-3). Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera ryose

“ryarashajishijwe” (reba Abaheb 8:13). Abef 2:13-14 havuga hati, “Amategeko y’iby’imihango”

yashyiraho itandukaniro hagati y’Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga “akuyeho urusika”, rwakuriweho muri

Kristo. Abakol 2:13-14 havuga hati, “igahanagura urwandiko rw’imihango rwaturegaga, ikarukuzaho

kurubamba ku musaraba.” Abaheb 7:11-12 havuga yuko ukuza kwa Kristo kwazananye n’ubutambyi

bushya, kandi, “Nuko rero, ubwo ubutambyi bwahindutse, ni cyo gituma n’amategeko na yo akwiriye

guhinduka.” Abagal 3:13 havuga hati, “Kristo yaducunguriye kugira ngo tuve mu muvumo

w’amategeko.” Abaheb 10:9 hongeraho hati, “Akuriraho ibya mbere [Isezerano Rikuru rya Mose, rya

Kera] , gukomeza ibya kabiri [Isezerano Rikuru Rishya],” Abar 6:14 havuga hati, “Ibyaha

ntibibategeke kuko mudatwarwa n’Amategeko, ahubwo mutwarwa n’ubuntu.” Icyo Paulo ashingiraho

n’uko, “ubuzima bw’umukristu mu mudendezo mushya ku ubushobozi bw’icyaha, kubera ko

atagitwarwa n’iyo ntwaro aho Amategeko ya Mose akomeza ubushobozi bw’icyaha. . . . Kutagendera

munsi y’amategeko birimo kutagendera munsi y’amabwiriza y’Amategeko ya Mose.” (Moo 1988: 212)

Mu Abar 7:1-6, Paulo avuga yuko “Amategeko atwara umuntu gusa akiriho” (7:1). Ariko na none,

“mwapfuye ku mategeko kubw’umubiri wa Kristo” (7:4). Ariko noneho, “ntitugitwarwa n’amategeko

kuko twapfuye ku mategeko yari atuboshye; ni cyo gituma turi imbata mu bubata bushya bw’Umwuka,

butari bwabundi bwa kera bw’inyuguti” (7:6). Ikivugwa mu Abagal 4:21-31 n’uko, nk’isezerano gusa,

“Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Mose, nk’iserano rikuru, rikora ku Bayuda gusa (‘Yerusalemu ya none,’

4:25); ibishya Imana irimo ikoresha nk’ukuresha Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga, byamaze kugera hejuru

y’ibyo.” (DeLacey 1982: 163).

3. Yesu ni we musobanuzi nyakuri w’IK, ni na We sōko y’inyigisho zirangwa n’ubutware. Igihe Yesu

yavugaga yuko atazanywe no “gukuraho ahubwo ko yazanywe no gusohoza Amategeko cyangwa se

Abahanuzi” (urugero, IK) (Mat 5:17), yarimo avuga yuko “ubutware nyabwo kandi burama bw’IK

bubwirizwa gusobanurwa mu ndorerwamo y’umuntu n’inyigisho za wa wundi ryari ryerekejeho kandi

akaba ari na we ubisohoza” (Carson 1984: 144). Nuko rero, icyo Yesu ari kuri Mose gisa n’icyo

ikinyugunyugu kiri ku kinyabwoya. . . . Mose aronkera ubukure muri Kristo, nyuma akagera ku gikuriro

cyuzuye. Amategeko ya Mose aracyafite umumaro, igihe atugejejweho n’ibiganza by’Umwami Yesu.

Uyu munsi Abakristu baracyasabwa gusoma Mose, kandi ku nyungu nyinshi, ariko igihe bamusoma,

basabwa kwambara indorerwamo z’Abakristu zabo. (Wells and Zaspel 2002: 157) Mu yandi magambo,

Amategeko n’Abahanuzi b’IK “agendera munsi y’uzasohoza Amategeko n’abahanuzi, Yesu ari we na

Mesiya. Mu magambo ye no mu bikorwa bye, Yesu ni We cyitegererezo cy’imyitwarire ku

Bakristu….Umwana w’Imana ni We wenyine ushobora kwigisha mu buryo bwuzuye abana b’abahungu

icyo gukora ubushake bwa Data wo mu ijuru bisobanura (gereranya na [Mat] 5:43-48 na 11: 25-30). Ku

Mukristu, umuntu wa Yesu, ari We Imana-iri kumwe-natwe, afata umwanya wa Torah (Ibitabo bitanu

bya Mose by’Amategeko) ni na We mutima w’ubuzima bw’Abakristu (gereranya na [Mat] 18:20,

ihujwe na 1:23 na 28:20).” (Meier 1976: 88)

4. Aho kugendera munsi y’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera, ubu noneho Abakristu bagendera munsi

y’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya—“Itegeko rya Kristu” (Luka 22:20; 1 Abakor 11:25; 2 Abakor 3:6;

Abaheb 8:8-13; 9:15). “Igihe abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya bahuye n’ibibazo bijyanye n’imyitwarire

mu matorero atandukanye bandikiraga, byari kuba byaraboroheye kwifashisha ya Mategeko Cumi. Ibi

nta byo bakoze. Reka dufate ibi nk’igikorwa cy’icyubahiro n’intsinzi: Urufatizo rw’Isezerano Rishya ku

byemezo bijyanye n’imyitwarire ntirukiri Mose ku musozi Sinayi ahubwo ni Yesu i Kaluvariyo. . . .

Igihe dukemura ibijyanye n’imyitwarire, n’ukuvuga ibijyanye no gufata ibyemezo byose (byaba

ibishingiye ku myitwarire cyangwa se ibindi), ikibazo twari dukwiriye kwibaza ni, “N’iki kijyanye na

Bibiliya muri iki cyakozwe cyangwa se muri iyi myifatire?’” (Goldsworthy 2000: 96) “Itegeko rya

Kristo” s’inyigisho za Yesu gusa ahubwo harimo na rirya tegeko ry’abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya (reba


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urugero Yoh 14:24-26; 16:12-15; 17:8, 18-20; 1 Abakor 14:37; Abagal 1:11-12; Abef 2:20; 1 Abates

2:13; 2 Abates 2:15; 3:6, 14; Abaheb 2:3; Ibyah 1:11). Itegeko rya Kristo ririmo “amahame yo mu

urwego rusange n’ibisabwa mu magambo arambuye—hejuru y’ibyo, igisabwa cy’urukundo na cyo

kirimo” (Moo 1984:30). Yesu wenyine ni we uzana “ubugingo” (Yoh 3:36; 4:14; 5:24; 6:40, 68:

10:10; 11:25; 14:6; 20:31). Yavuze yuko ni “twaguma” cyangwa se “tugakomereza mu” ijambo rye,

“tuzamenya ukuri kandi ukuri kuzatubatura” (Yoh 8:31-32). Amagambo ye aduhindura “ahereye

imbere agana inyuma” akaduha ishusho ya Kristo Ubwe (reba Abar 8:29; 12:2). Amategeko yo mu

Isezerano rya Kera ntabwo yigeze akora ibyo Yesu n’Itegeko rya Kristo bashobora gukora (reba na none

Ibyak 15:10-11). N’ubwo amategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera yatsimbuwe na Kristo, ashobora na

none gukoreshwa ariko mu buryo bw’ishusho. Urugero, muri 2 Abakor 6:14-17 Paulo yifashisha

itegeko ribuza abantu gukora ku bihumanya mu buryo bwo gukanguria abantu kwitandukanya n’icyo

cyose kijyanye n’icyaha. Uru n’urugero rw’ibyo Wells na Zaspel bavuze haruguru: “Abakristu uyu

munsi baracyasabwa gusoma Mose, ariko bamusoma, basabwa kwambara indorerwamo zabo

z’Abakristu” (Wells na Zaspel 2002: 157).

IX. Yesu yasohoje kandi Yasimbuye Isabato yo mu IK

Mu Abakol 2:13-15, Paulo avuga yuko, ku musaraba, ni ho Kristo yakuriye umwenda wacu w’icyaha,

atugirana bazima na We. Mu Abakol 2:16-17, yanzura avuga ati, “Ntihakagire ubacira urubanza ku bw’ibyo

murya cyangwa se ibyo munywa, cyangwa ku by’iminsi mikuru, cyangwa se ku bwo kuziririza imboneko

z’ukwezi kuziririza imboneko z’ukwezi, cyangwa amasabato, kuko ibyo ari igicucu cy’ibizaba, na ho umubiri

wabyo ufitwe na Kristo” (reba na none Abagal 4:9-11).

A. Yesu yashimangiye kandi yerekana ubutware bwe hejuru y’Isabato Yesu yavuze yuko ari We “Mwami w’Isabato” (Mat 12:6; Mariko 2:28; Luka 6:5). Abafarisayo

bashinje abigishwa ba Yesu icyaha cyo kwica Isabato kubera yuko bafashe ku mpeke z’ingano ku Isabato. Yesu

yasubije avuga yuko nta cyaha abigishwa be bakoze kubera yuko, [We] nk’Umwana w’umuntu, ari we Mwami

w’Isabato” (Carson 1982:67). Avuga ibi, Yesu yashimangiraga “ubutware bwe hejuru y’Isabato, bityo, aravuga

na nnone ku ubutware afite bwo gukuraho cyangwa se guhindura amategeko agenga Isabato” (Moo 1984: 17).

Na none, yavuze yuko areshya n’Imana muri Yoh 5:17-18 igihe yakizaga umuntu ku Isabato, akamubwira ati,

“Ikorere uburiri bwawe ugende,” muri ibi akaba yarishe amabwiriza agenga Isabato. Bityo, icy’uko Yesu avuga

yuko ari we “Mwami w’Isabato”, hejuru y’uko bishingiye ku myitwarire ye bwite, Yesu yasubije yuko “nta

cyaha abigishwa be babarwaho kuko binagira icyo bihindura ku myitwarire y’abandi (bisobanura yuko, kuba

yabwiye wa muntu yakizaga kwikorera uburiri bwe ku munsi w’isabato kandi bitemewe n’amategeko, Yesu we

yabihaye ububasha bw’itegeko). Icy’uko avuga yuko ari We Mwami w’Isabato “hejuru yuko ari ukwiyemera

kwo mu urwego rwo hejuru yuko ari we Mesiya, ahubwo bibyara n’ibyiringiro by’uko bishoboka ko habaho

impinduka yo mu bihe byari gukurikiraho cyangwa se hakabaho gutanga ibisobanuro bishya ku bijyanye

n’Isabato” (Carson 1982: 66).

B. IR rihindura Insobanuro y’Isabato “Urwandiko rw’itegeko rya kane [Kuva 20:8-11; Guteg 5:12-15] bivuga neza umunsi wa karindwi,

atari ihame rishingiye kuri ‘rimwe-mu-ndwi’” (Moo 1984: 48n.204). Isabato ifitanye isano na (reba Kuva

16:22-30; 31:12-17; Neh 9:13-14). Cyari ikimenyetso cy’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera (Kuva 31:16-17).

1. Yesu yuzuza impamvu zibiri z’Isabato yo mu IK. Itegeko rya Kane (ku bijyanye n’Isabato) ryari rifite

impamvu ebyiri: Imana ifata ikiruhuko nyuma yo gukora umurimo wo kurema (Kuva 20:11) no

gusohoka bava muri Egiputa (Guteg 5:15). N’ubwo bitagaragara neza uburyo ukuva bidafatwa

nk’urufatizo kw’Isabato, ibi bigaragara neza igihe umuntu yamenya yuko intego y’ukuva kwari

ukubohora Isirayeli babakura mu bubata bwo muri Egiputa; ariko ikirenze ibyo—ukuva byari ukugera

ku musozo wabyo igihe Isirayeli yashyirwaga mu gihugu cyayo aho yari kubona uburuhukiro hejuru

y’abanzi bayo bose (Guteg 12: 9-10; 25:19; Yos 11:23; Zab 106: 7-12). Ibikorwa byo gukiza Yesu

yakoze ku Isabato byagaragaza isohozwa ry’Isabato. Urugero, igikorwa yakoze cyo gukiza umugore

muri Luka 13:10-17, “Yesu ahabwa ishusho nk’uhindura insanganyamatsiko y’Isabato ayigaragaza

nk’umwanya wo gufata akaruhuko nyuma yo gukora umurimo, agereranya Isabato n’ikiruhuko nyuma

y’imibabaro, nk’ugucungurwa nyuma y’ubucakara. Yesu yarimo avuga yuko, uburyo Isirayeli ifite

inyota yo kubona—umunsi w’Isabato ukomeye aho bazabona uburyo abanzi babo bose bazakozwa

isoni, Isirayeli na yo ikazishimira ukwo kubohorwa n’Imana—uwo munsi warimo usohorera muri We.

Ni yo mpamvu uwo mugore atari akwiye gukira, ariko noneho ubwo bibaye, kandi bikaba ku munsi

w’Isabato, na byo ni neza kandi ni byiza. Icyavugwaga n’uko Isabato wari umunsi udasanzwe hejuru


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y’indi yose, kubera yuko kuri uwo munsi habaho kwibuka igihe bavanwaga mu bunyage, mu bucakara

no ku murimo.” (Wright 1996: 394)

2. Abaheb 3:7-4:11 huzuza icyari kibuze ku nsobanuro y’Isabato hakayinganisha n’uburuhukiro

tubona mu gakiza kacu. Igitabo cy’Abaheburayo gihishura yuko umunsi w’Isabato yo mu IK wari

ikigereranyo cyangwa igicucu cy’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, urug., Isabato y’uburuhukiro nyakuri yacu.”

N’ubwo ukwizihiza nyakwo kw’uburuhukiro bwacu bikiri ibintu by’ejo hazaza (Abaheb 4:11), Abaheb

4:3, 10 havuga yuko bariya bizera Kristo “binjira muri ubwo buruhukiro” cyangwa se “bamaze

kwinjira mu buruhukiro bwe” nk’uko natwe, kubera kwizera, “twamaze kugera ku musozi Siyoni no ku

ururembo rw’Imana ihoraho, ari rwo Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru” (Abaheb 12:22). Mu yandi magambo:

“Uburuhukiro bw’Imana bwinjirwamo kubera ukwizera (4:3). Nuko rero, kubera ukwizera kwabo,

ubwoko bw’Imana bwo mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya bukora inshingano yabo y’ukwubahiriza Isabato,

nk’uko umwanditsi [n’ukuvuga umwanditsi w’Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo], abivuga. . . . Bahagarika

kwikorera ubwabo, kugira ngo Imana ibone uburyo ikorera muri bo (gereranya na 13:21). . . . Nuko

rero, Isabato nyakuri, yazananye na Kristo s’uburuhukiro nk’uko iryo jambo rivuga, ahubwo n’ishusho

y’agakiza Imana yatanze. . . . Muri make, uburuhukiro bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera bwo mu buryo

bufatika bwahindutse uburuhukiro bw’isabato nyakuri bushingiye ku gakiza. None rero, abizera Kristo

bose bafite uburenganzira bwo kuba mu Isabato y’Imana irimo yegereza gusohora. Uburyo Yesu arimo

akora kugira ngo asohoze ibi byatsimbuye Isabato yo mu Isezerano rya Kera (Yohana 5:17) ni na cyo

gikorwa Imana itegeka abantu gukora, ari cyo—kwizera uwo Imana yatumye (Yohana 6:28, 29). Ibi

bisobanura yuko ukwubahiriza Isabato gusabwa ari uguhagarika kwiringira ibikorwa (Abaheb. 4:9, 10).

. . . Kristo azana iby’ukuri byo mu buryo bw’umwuka; Igikorwa yakoze gisohoza intego y’Isabato,

kandi muri Kristo haziramo icyatumye Isabato ibaho. Ukuri kw’uburuhukiro bw’agakiza gufite agaciro

kari hejuru y’ikimenyetso. Ibyanditswe byo mu Ubutumwa Bwiza bivuga yuko Isabato yo mu Isezerano

rya Kera hamwe n’uburuhukiro bujyana na yo bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusobanura iby’ukuri

byazananye na Kristo, igihe urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo ruvuga yuko bishobora gukoreshwa mu

ugusobanura iby’ukuri kandi biriho by’ijuru, bikavuga na none yuko bizazanana na Kristo.” (Lincoln

1982: 213, 215)

Ikivugwa mu Abaheburayo 3-4 gihwanye n’igitekerezo cya Paulo ku bijyanye n’ukwizera

n’amategeko mu Abagal 3-4. Mu gitabo cy’Abagalatiya, Aburahamu yatsindishirijwe n’ukwizera, atari

kubera amategeko (Abagal 3:6-11), n’imigisha yasezeranyirijwe muri Aburahamu isohorera kuri bariya

bizeye Yesu Kristo bonyine (Abagal 3:14, 16, 18, 22, 29). Amategeko yari yateganyirijwe gukora

kugeza igihe cyo kuza kwa Kristo (Abagal 3:23-25). Kimwe n’ibyo, igitabo cy’Abaheburayo gitanga

igitekerezo yuko, kubera ukutizera, Isirayeli yo mu Isezerano rya Kera ntiyigeze yinjira mu

“uburuhukiro” Imana yari yarabasezeranyije (Abaheb 3:7-12, 16-19; 4:2, 5-6). N’ubwo Isirayeli yageze

aho ikinjira mu gihugu cy’isezerano, ntiyigeze ibona uburuhukiro n’amahoro ahubwo yakomeje guhura

n’intambara, gutotezwa no kujyanwa mu bunyage. Na none, Kristo yatuneshereje abanzi bacu bo mu

buryo buhoraho—icyaha, Satani n’urupfu. Rero, kubera kwizera, twinjiye “mu buruhukiro bwayo”

(Abaheb 4:3, 10). Mu Isezerano rya Kera, kuruhuka umunsi umwe buri cyumweru (n’ukuvuga

“kwubahiriza Isabato”) n’ishusho y’imiterere y’igihe gito kandi ituzuye y’uburuhukiro bwa Isirayeli

imbere y’abanzi bayo. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, mu Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, kubera yuko Kristo

yarangije gukora imirimo yose yari ikenewe kugira ngo atugeze ku gakiza gahoraho, uburuhukiro

bwacu na bwo n’ubw’igihe gihoraho. Nuko rero, umubyeyi w’itorero rya mbere Justin Martyr yabonye

yuko atari ngombwa yuko Ubukristu bwubahiriza Isabato y’umunsi wihariye; ahubwo, tuba mu Isabato

ihoraho” (Justin Martyr c. 155-165: 12; reba na none Urwandiko rwa Barnabas c. 70-131: 15.8-9).

Kuba Umunsi w’Isabato wari “ikigereranyo” kibona isohozwa ryacyo nyaryo mu uguhoraho

kw’uburuhukiro bw’isabato yacu muri Kristo (n’ukuvuga, “Isabato yacu ihoraho”) byakomojweho mu

magambo yavuzwe ubwa mbere n’Imana yuko yaruhutse ku munsi wa karindwi muri Itang 2:1-3.

William Dumbrell asanga yuko ari “ibigaragara kurushiriza” yuko “bitandukanye n’iminsi yindi ya

mbere itandatu, umunsi wa karindwi ntugira itangiriro n’iherezo [cp. Itang 1:5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31 na 2:2-

3]. Intego muri ayo makuru isa n’uko ari ugushimangira umwanya w’umwihariko kandi udashira

w’umunsi wa karindwi. . . . Umunsi w’Isabato udashira utanga amateka aho ubuzima bwifuzwa bwo mu

murima uzasohora kandi uzagirwa uwamaho hagati mu bantu. . . . Abaheb. 4:9-11 hashyiraho Isabato

ikomeza ariko havuga yuko hariho ibipimo by’insobanuro y’Umunsi w’Isabato byakomeje guhinduka

ubwenge bw’abantu.” (Dumbrell 2001:220-21) Bityo, n’ubwo mu Isezerano rya Kera, umunsi umwe

buri cyumweru washyiriweho kurukiraho imirimo, Isabato yahoze yerekeza ibitekerezo ku uburuhukiro

bwo mu urwego rwimbitse cyane kandi ruhoraho tubona mu gakiza kashyizweho n’ukuza kw’isi kwa


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mbere kwa Kristo kuzishimirirwa mu isi nshya izashyirwaho n’ukuza kwe kwa kabiri.50

3. Isezerano Rikuru Rishya ritsimbura Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera kandi rituma tutakibohewe ku

ukwubahiriza Isabato. Isabato cyari ikimenyetso cy’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera ku gihugu cya Isirayeli

(Kuva 31:12-17). Nk’uko Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera ryatsimbuwe n’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, ni na ko

ikimenyetso cy’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya kiri. Bityo, mu bihe by’Isezerano Rikuru Rishya, Isabato

hamwe n’indi minsi mikuru y’Abayuda ntibikituboshye (Abar 14:5; Abagal 4:8-11; Abakol 2:15-17).

C. Isohozwa ry’Isabato muri Kristo ntibisobanura ikiri hejuru y’umunsi w’ “Isabato y’Abakristo” wo

kuruhukiraho uhwanye n’Umunsi wa Gatandatu ari wo Sabato y’Abayuda Abakristo ba mbere bamenye insobanuro y’iherezo ry’Isezerano Rikuru rya Kera kubera impinduka

yabaye mu myumvire yabo ku Isabato kandi yuko batagitegekwa “kwubaha umunsi wa karindwi” nk’umunsi

w’uburuhukiro n’uw’ugusenga. Mu Nama Nkuru yabereye i Yeruslemu (Ibyakozwe 15), icyari ku mutwe

w’ibyigwa cyari icyo kurebera hamwe nimba ari ngombwa yuko [abizera b’Abanyamahanga bashya] bakebwa,

nyuma bakigishwa uburyo bwo gukurikiza Amategeko ya Mose” (Ibyak 15:5). Igisubizo cyabaye “Oya!” Ku

bijyanye n’ukwubahiriza Isabato (cyangwa se “Umunsi w’Isabato” ku Banyamahanga), imyizere y’intumwa

nk’uko biri mu Ibyakozwe 15 ntiyabigize itegeko ku bizera b’Abanyamahanga. Uhereye kera ukageza ubu,

Abakristu batangiye kujya bahurira hamwe, bagasenga ku munsi w’Icyumweru mu buryo bwo guha icyubahiro

umunsi Yesu yazukiyeho (Ibyak 20:7; 1 Abakor 16:2). Ibi byashimangiwe n’ababyeyi b’itorero rya mbere.

Ignatius w’i Antiyokiya yavuze ati, “Reka buri nshuti ya Kristo ajye yubahiriza umunsi w’Umwami nk’umunsi

mukuru, umunsi wo kuzuka kwe, ni wo mwamikazi n’imfura y’iminsi yose” (Ignatius c. 100-110: 9). Justin

Martyr yabisubiyemo muri aya magambo, “Twese tugumizeho uku guhura kwacu ku Cyumweru, mu gihe ari

umunsi wa mbere, Imana ihindura umwijima n’ibitaka ikarema isi n’ijuru, Yesu Kristo Umukiza wacu na We

yazutse ava mu bapfuye uwo munsi nyene” (Justin Martyr c.151-154: 67). Ibihamya byo mu kinjana cya kabiri

byerekana “nta kimenyetso na kimwe kivuga yuko higeze kubaho impaka zigamije kumenya nimba Abakristo

bakwiye gusenga ku Cyumweru, kandi nta na hamwe byanditse yuko haba harabayeho itsinda ry’Abakristo

ritasengaga ku Cyumweru. Uku guhuza kw’isi yose gusobanuka mu buryo bworoheje nimba uku gusenga kwo

ku Cyumweru byari bisanzwe biri umugenzo wa gikristu mbere y’uko ubutumwa bujyanwa mu Banyamahanga,

no gushinga amatorero mu banyamahanga cya gihe ubutumwa bwabagezwaho i wabo.” (Bauckham 1982: 236)

Abakristu “ntibahatirwa gusenga” ku Cyumweru. Bafite umudendezo wo gusenga umunsi wose

bashatse. Ariko na none, ugusenga ku Cyumweru kwo mu buryo bwa Gikristu (“Umunsi w’Umwami” [reba

Ibyah 1:10]) bishimangira urufatizo rutandukanye rw’Ugusenga kwa Gikristu n’ugusenga kwo ku munsi

w’Isabato y’Abayuda: “Muri ibi, ukuzuka kwa Kristo gusohoza uburuhukiro bwavuzwe n’Isabato y’Isezerano

rya Kera, ihuriro rirashobora kugaragara hagati y’umunsi wa karindwi n’umunsi wa mbere aho Abakristu

bizihije Ukuzuka. Iryo huriro nta cyo rivuga ku bijyanye n’ ‘umunsi w’uburuhukiro bw’Abakristu’ . . . [I]huriro

riri hagati y’uyu munsi wa mbere n’Isabato yo mu Isezerano rya Kera ntiryabonetse mu nsobanuro y’umunsi

w’uburuhukiro bwo mu buryo bufatika, ahubwo byagaragaye nk’ubusobanuro bw’ukwizihiza uburuhukiro

nyakuri bw’Isabato y’agakiza bwazanywe na Kristo, uwo abizera basenze kandi bagiranye ubusabane na we.

Igihamya gishingiye ku icyerekezo abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya bari bafite ku uburuhukiro bw’Isabato kivuga

yuko atari ngombwa gukoresha uburuhukiro bwo mu buryo bufatika bw’Isezerano rya Kera mu bihe by’Umunsi

w’Umwami wo mu Isezerano Rishya.” (Lincoln 1982: 205, 215-16) 51

X. Kristo n’Itorero ni bo bavuzwe mu Buhanuzi ko ari bo “Umugaragu w’Umwami”

A. Yesu ni wa “Mugaragu w’Umwami” wavuzweho mu buhanuzi Ibyanditswe bine byo muri Yesaya bizwi nk’ “Indirimbo z’Umugaragu”: Yes 42:1-9; 49:1-6 [cyangwa

se, 13]; 50:4-9; 52:13-53:12.52 Ikiranga “Umugaragu” mu buryo busesuye ntikivugwa mu magambo atomoye.

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Iyi mibanire yo mu urwego rw’ikigereranyo ishimangirwa n’icy’uko ijuru rishya n’isi nshya ari ukwishimira

insanganyamatsiko ya Bibiliya ivuga uburyo Imana ibana n’abantu; ibyo na byo bikaba byatangiriye mu ngobyi. Ku bindi

bisobanuro kuri ibi, reba hepfo, igice cya 4.I. Urusengero n’Isi: Ubuturo bw’Imana hagati mu Bantu. 51

Walter Martin mu gitabo cyitwa The Kingdom of the Cults = Ubwami bw’Udutsiko tw’Amadini (1985), 459-73 atanga

ibihamya bishingiye kuri Bibiliya n’Amateka bihakana icy’Abadivantisita b’Umunsi wa Karindwi bavuga yuko gusenga ku

munsi wa karindwi (Isabato) ari itegeko ku Bakristu (reba na none Martin 1999: n.p.). 52

“Hashingiwe ku migenzo, Indirimbo ya mbere y’Umugaragu ivugwaho nka Yes 42:1-4. Ariko na none, imirongo

ikurikira (5-9) isa n’isobanura misiyo y’uwo Mugaragu. Bihujwe na Yes 49:7-13, hasobanura neza umurimo

w’Umuagaragu nyuma y’uburyo Umugaragu yivuzeho mu mirongo 1-6. Abenshi bumva indirimbo ya kabiri nk’irangirira

ku murongo wa 6, ivuga kuri ‘wowe’ mu bibce bya 7-8 nka Isirayeli. Bityo, umuhamagaro w’Umugaragu nka we


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Rimwe na rimwe, aboneka nk’ihuriro (bisobanura, Isirayeli yose ubwayo, Isirayeli “y’intashyikirwa”, cyangwa

se amasigarira y’Abisirayeli b’abizerwa) (reba Yes 41:8-9; 44:1-2; 45:4). Ariko na none, Indirimbo

z’Umugaragu zose zisobanura ibiranga buri gice cyose, haba ikijyanye n’Umugaragu cyangwa se Ishyanga

ubwaryo, na cyane cyane Indirimbo ya gatatu n’iya kane zisobanura ibijyanye n’ “Umugaragu Ubabazwa.”

Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Yesaya: Umugaragu afite Umwuka w’Imana kuri we (42:1); azazanira Isirayeli

n’Abanyamahanga agakiza, kandi n’ “umucyo uvira amahanga” (42: 6; 49:6); yarakubiswe, arababazwa (50:6;

52:14; 53:4-5, 7, 10); yarasuzugurwaga, akangwa n’abantu (53:3); n’ubwo yatotejwe ntiyigeze abumbura

akanwa ke (42:2; 53:7); apfa nk’igitambo cyikoreye ibyaha bya benshi (53:4-6, 8-12). Yesu yabayeho

nk’Umugaragu kandi na We ubwe yivugaho nk’Umugaragu (Mat 20:28; Mariko 10:45; Luka 22:27; Yoh

13:5-16). Abanditsi b’IR bavuga Yesu nk’ “Umugaragu” (Ibyak 3:13, 26; 4:27. 30; Abafil 2:7) kandi

basubiramo kandi bagakoresha amagambo yavuzwe y’Ubugaragu kuri Yesu nk’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi.

1. Indirimbo ya Mbere y’Umugaragu—Yes 42:1-9.

• Mat 12:17-21 hasubiramo Yes 42:1-4, n’ubwo harimo impinduka ntoya, hakabyerekeza kuri

Yesu nka We sohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi.

• Yes 42:1 havuga yuko Imana “yishimira” Umugaragu wayo kandi “Mushyizeho umwuka

wanjye.” Igihe yabatizwaga n’igihe yarabagiranaga, Data yavuze yuko “nkamwishimira” Yesu

(ukubatizwa kwe—Mat 3:17; Mariko 1:11; Luka 3:22; kurabagirana—Yoh 1:32). Igihe

yabatizwaga, Umwuka yaje “kuri” We (Mat 3:16; Mar 1:10; Luka 3:22; Yoh 1:32)Yesu ubwe

yasubiye mu magambo yo muri Yes 61:1 avuga yuko “Umwuka w’Uwiteka ari kuri Jye”

nk’isohozwa ry’Ibyanditswe (Luka 4:18, 21).

2. Indirimbo ya Kabiri y’Umugaragu—Yes 49:1-6 [cyangwa, 49:1-13].

• Yes 49:1 havuga hati, “Nkiri mu nda ya mama ya[Uwiteka]nyise izina.” Mbere yuko Yesu

avuka, Malaika Gaburiyeli yabwiye Mariya ati, “Kandi dore, uzasama inda, ubyare umuhungu,

uzamwite Yesu” (Luka 1:31; reba na none Mat 1:21-23).

• Yes 49:2 havuga hati, “Akanwa kanjye yagahinduye nk’inkota ityaye.” Ibyah 1:16; 2:12; na

19:15 hose hasobanura inkota ityaye izava mu kanwa ka Yesu wazutse.

• Yes 49:6 havuga hati, “Nzaguha kuba umucyo uvira amahanga.” Igihe bazana Yesu mu

rusengero ku muhango wo gukebwa, Umwuka Wera yaje kuri Simiyoni, wari ukikiye Yesu mu

maboko ye, asubiramo cyangwa se akomoza ku magambo yo muri Yes 9:2; 42:6; 49:6 avuga kuri

Yesu, avuga ati, “Kuba umucyo uvira Amahanga” (Luka 2:32). Yesu ubwe yakomoje kuri icyo

cyanditswe igihe avuga ati, “Ndi Umucyo w’Isi” (Yoh 8:12; 9:5; 12:46). Yes 49:6 na ho

harakoreshejwe na Paulo na Barunaba mu Ibyak 13:47 nk’ibirimo bisohorera mu buryo

Abanyamahanga barimo bakira agakiza igihe bitabiraga Ubutumwa Bwiza.

• Yes 49:5-6 asa n’utanga ibyiciro byo guhembura Isirayeli ubwa mbere kugira ngo agakiza

kagere ku mpera z’isi. Igihe Petero yarimo arabwiriza mu Ibyak 3:11-26, yanzura avuga ati, “Ni

mwebwe Imana yabanje gutumaho umugaragu wayo amaze kumuzura, kugira ngo abahe umugisha,

abahindure, umuntu wese, ngo ave mu byaha” (Ibyak 3:26). “Uburyo ijambo ‘yabanje cg se - ubwa

mbere’ (prōton) rikoreshwa bisobanura ubwoko bw’ibyiciro byavuzweho muri Yesaya 49:5-6, aho

Umugaragu w’Uwiteka akoreshwa mu ‘guhembura imiryango ya Yakobo’ kugira ngo babe

umucyo umurikira Abanyamahanga’ no kugeza agakiza k’Imana ku mpera z’isi’ (bihuze na

Ibyakozwe 1:6; 13:46-48; 26:16-18). Mu yandi magambo, iyi ‘Ndirimbo y’Umugaragu’, ihishura

inzira Imana izasohorezamo isezerano ryayo kuri Aburahamu, isa n’ifite ihuriro n’ikibazo cya

nyuma cy’ikibwirizwa cya Petero.” (Peterson 2009: 185)

• Yes 49:8 havuga hati, “Igihe cyo kwemererwamo ndagushubije, no ku munsi wo gukirizwamo

ndagutabaye.” Paulo yifashisha ayo magambo muri 2 Abakor 6:2, nyuma ayakoresha ku bijyanye

n’ukwakira ubuntu bw’Imana bw’agakiza muri Kristo.

3. Indirimbo ya Gatatu y’Umugaragu—Yes 50:4-9. Yes 50:6 hasobanura uburyo Umugaragu

yakubiswe, yakojejwe isoni, agacirwaho amacandwe. Muri Mariko 10:33-34, Yesu akomoza kuri Yes

50:6 mu gusobanura ibizamubaho igihe yageraga i Yerusalemu. Mbere y’uko abambwa, ibyo bintu

byose (n’ukuvuga gukubitwa, gukozwa isoni, gucirwaho amate) byabaye kuri Yesu (Mat 27:26-31;

Mariko 15:15-20; Luka 22:63-65; 23:11; Yoh 18:22; 19:1-3).

4. Indirimbo igira kane y’Umugaragu—Yes 52:13-53:12.

• Mu Abar 15:18-21 Paulo asubiramo amagambo yo muri Yes 52:15, ayakoresha ,u buryo bwo

‘Isezerano ku ubwoko’ urakomezwa nk’abantu b’isezerano. . . . Na none, imirongo ikurikira 7-13 isa n’isobanura ibijyanye

na Isirayeli, aho kuvuga ku Umugaragu nk’ ‘isezerano ku bantu’ muri Yesaya 49:8.” (Williamson 2007: 159n.44)


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kubwiriza Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Kristo i Yerusalemu n’ahandi henshi, ku Bayuda no ku

Banyamahanga.

• Muri Yoh 12:37-38 Yohana asubiramo amagambo yo muri Yes 53:1 nk’ibyamaze gusohozwa

igihe abantu batizeye Yesu n’ubwo yari yakoreye ibitangaza byinshi imbere yabo.

• Muri Mat 8:14-17, Yesu amaze gukiza abarwaye no kwirukana abadayimoni mu bantu, Matayo

yakoresheje amagambo yo muri Yes 53:4 nk’ibyamaze gusohora.

• Muri 1 Pet 2:21-24 Petero asubiramo amagambo yo muri Yes 53:9, akomoza kandi no kuri Yes

53:4-7, nk’ibyasohojwe na Yesu (reba na none Abar 4:25).

• Mu Ibyak 8:26-35 Filipo yasobanuriye inkone y’Umwetiyopiya yuko Yes 53:7-8 byanditswe

bivuga kuri Yesu.

• Muri Luka 22:20 Yesu avuga yuko igikombe cy’umuvinyu ari ikimenyetso cy’amaraso ye

“yaviriye” abigishwa be, nk’insobanuro y’ibiri muri Yes 53:12 (“yasutse ubugingo bwe, akageza ku

ugupfa”).

• Muri Luka 22:37 Yesu ubwe asubiramo amagambo yo muri Yes 53:12 nk’ayerekezwa kuri We

kugira ngo ubuhanuzi busohore (reba na none Mariko 15:28).

• Hejuru y’aya magambo yumvikana neza n’uburyo akoreshwa, Isezerano Rishya rikoresha

amagambo akomoza ku Ndirimbo y’Umugaragu igira Kane nk’ayerekeye kuri Yesu. Abafil 2:9

hakomoza kuri Yes 52:13; Mat 26:38, 56, 69-75; Mariko 14:50, 66-72; Luka 22:54-61; Yoh

18:15-18, 25-27 yose akaba akomoza kuri Yes 53:4-6, 8-12; Mat 26:62-63; 27:12-14; Mariko

14:60-61; 15:3-5; Luka 23:9; Yoh 19:9 aya yose akomoza kuri Yes 53:7; Mat 27:57-60 byose

bikomoza kuri Yes 53:3, 12; Yoh 1:29; 1 Abakor 15:3; 2 Abakor 5:21; Abaheb 9:28 byose

bikomoza kuri Yes 53:4-6, 8-12; Mat 26:62-63; 27:12-14; Mariko 14:60-61; 15:3-5; Luka 23:9;

Yoh 19:9 byose bikomoza kuri Yes 53:7; Mat 27:57-60 hakomoza kuri Yes 53:9; Abar 5:18-19

hakomoza kuri Yes 53:10-12. Mu Ibyak 8:32-35, igihe Filipo yahura n’inkone y’Umwetiyopiya,

uwo mu Etiyopiya yarimo asoma Yes 53:7-8; bityo, “ahera kuri ibyo byanditswe” amwigisha

ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu.

B. Itorero n’ “Umugaragu w’Umwami” ku urwego rusange nk’uko Yesu na We ari “Umugaragu w’Umwami

ku urwego rw’igiti cy’umuntu” Yesu akoresha ibiranga “Umugaragu” ku itorero.

1. “Mushyizeho umwuka wanjye”(Yes 42:1). Yesu yasezeraniye itorero rye kuryohereza Umuwuka

Wera (Yoh 14:16-17, 26; 15:26; 16:7-14). Muri Yoh 20:22 (mu cyari “umugani washyizwe mu

bikorwa”), “abahumekeraho, ababwira ati, ‘nimwakire Umwuka Wera.’” Mu Ibyak 1:8, Yesu

yasezeranyije yuko “Muzahabwa imbaraga, Umwuka Wera nabamanukira.” Ibi byasohoye ku munsi

wa Pentekoti (Ibyak 2:1-4). Ubu none, “Niba Umwuka w’Iyazuye Yesu Kristo aba muri mwe [Itorero].

. . Abayoborwa n’Umwuka w’Imana bose, ni bo bana b’Imana” (Abar 8:11, 14).

2. “Umugaragu w’Uwiteka” yitwaga “umugaragu” (Yes 42:1; 49:3, 5-6; 52:13). Yesu yabwiye

abigishwa be ati, “Muzi yuko abami b’abanyamahanga babatwaza igitugu, n’abakomeye babo bahawe

kubategeka. Ariko muri mwe si ko biri, Ahubwo ushaka kuba mukuru muri mwe ajye aba umugaragu

wanyu, kandi ushaka kuba uw’imbere muri mwe, ajye aba imbata yanyu: nk’uko Umwana w’Umuntu

ataje gukorerwa ahubwo yaje gukorera abandi no gutangira ubugingo bwe kuba incungu ya benshi.”

(Mat 20:25-28; reba na none Mat 23:11; Mariko 9:35; 10:42-45; Luka 22:25-27). Muri Yoh 13:5-17,

Yesu yakoze umurimo w’imbata igihe yozaga abigishwa be ibirenge. Abwira abigishwa be, “Mbahaye

icyitegererezo, kugira ngo mukore nk’icyo mbakoreye . . . [kuko] umugaragu ataruta shebuja” (Yoh

13:15-16).

3. “Nzaguha kuba umucyo wo kuvira amahanga [Abanyamahanga]” (Yes 49:6). Muri Mat 5:14 Yesu

yabwiye abigishwa be ati, “Muri umucyo w’isi.” Mu Ibyak 1:7-8, Yesu yatumye abigishwa be ngo

bagende “bagere ku mpera z’isi.” Ibi na byo bikomoza kuri Yes 49:6, aho n’Umugaragu na we atumwa

kuba umucyo w’amahanga no kujyana agakiza “ku mpera z’isi.” Mu Kigiriki, ijambo rikomokwamo

“ku mpera z’isi” rihuye na LXX ryo muri Yes 49:6. Mu Ibyak 13:47, Paulo asubiramo amagambo ya

Yes 42:6; 49:6, “Nzaguha kuba umucyo uvira amahanga kugira ngo agakiza kanjye kagere ku mpera

y’isi,” abihuje na misiyo ye yo kugeza Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo ku Banyamahanga. Ikindi,

igihe arimo asubiza ku kibazo cya Agripa mu Ibyak 26:16-18, Paulo yongera kuvuga yuko yatumwe

kugera ku Banyamahanga “kugira ngo ubahumurire amaso na bo bahindukire bave mu mwijima bajye

mu mucyo bave no mu butware bwa Satani bajye ku Mana.” Ibi bikomoza kuri Yes 42:6-7, aho

Umugaragu atumwe kuba umucyo ku mahanga “guhumura impumyi” no “kubohora imbohe.”


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4. Umugaragu w’Uwiteka yaranzwe, yarakubiswe, yarababajwe (Yes 50:6; 52:14, 53:1, 4-5, 7, 10).

Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ati, “Niba bandenganije, namwe bazabarenganya” (Yoh 15:20). Ibi

byagiye kuboneka ko ari ukuri mu mateka yose y’itorero, uhereye igihe gito nyuma y’urupfu rwa Yesu,

nyuma agasubira kwa Data (Ibyak 4:1-22; 5:17-32; 8:3; 11:19; 12:1-5; 14:19-22; 16:19-24; 21:27-36;

2 Abakor 4:8-9; 11:23-33; 2 Tim 3:12). Paulo akoresha “Indirimbo y’Umugaragu” ya Kane ku Itorero

asubiramo amagambo ya Yes 53:1 (“Ni nde wizeye ibyo twumvise?”) mu Abar 10:16, mu kwerekana

yuko atari buri wese yamaze kwumva Ubutumwa Bwiza.

4. INSANGANYAMATSIKO ESHATU ZIVUGA KU MIBANIRE HAGATI Y’IMANA

NA KIREMWA MUNTU

I. Urusengero n’Isi: Ubuturo bw’Imana hagati mu Bantu

Inkuru ya Bibiliya ivuga ku mibanire hagati y’Imana na kiremwamuntu itangirira aho Imana yarema

umuntu ikamushyira mu ngobyi (Itangiriro 1-3). Irangirira ku iyerekwa “ry’ijuru rishya n’isi nshya” (Ibyah

21:1), Ibyah 21:2-3, 10-2:3 igasobanura ibijyanye n’igisagara gisa n’ingobyi, mu ishusho y’urusengero” (Beale

2004:23). Amahuriro akomeye hagati y’Itangiriro 1-3 n’Ibyahishuwe 20-22, avuga yuko ibi bice bitanga isura

y’ishusho y’inkuru ya Bibiliya yose” (Alexander 2008: 10). Hagati y’Itangiriro 1-3 na Ibyahishuwe 21-22

tubonamo Imana iturana n’abantu, ubwa mbere mu ngobyi, nyuma mu ihema ry’ibonaniro, mu rusengero, muri

Yesu Kristo, mu bwoko bwayo (itorero), nyuma ya byose mu ijuru rishya n’isi nshya (Yerusalemu Nshya).

Ubwo buturo bwose bufitanye amasano n’amahuriro akomeye, ahuriza hamwe inkuru ya Bibiliya. Byerekana

yuko Bibiliya isobanura umugambi w’Imana uhuriye hamwe wo kubana n’ubwoko bwayo bwera (abantu)

ahantu hera (isi). Bityo, muri Bibiliya, isi n’ijuru byombi hamwe bishobora guhabwa isura y’ikintu gisa

n’urusengero (reba Walton 2009: 71-91). Ibi bitangwa mu ishusho y’ “amajuru mato n’ amasi mato”

atandukanye y’ukuri kwera kw’Imana: Ingobyi ya Edeni; Ihema ry’Ibonaniro; Urusengero; urusengero

Ezekiyeli yabonye mu iyerekwa rye; Yesu Kristo; Itorero; nyuma ya byose Yerusalemu Nshya.53

“Ishusho” ya nyuma y’ubu buturo aho Imana yaturanye n’abantu n’ishusho y’Imana Ubwayo. Muri Yoh

14:11, Yesu yavuze ati, “Ndi muri Data, na Data akaba muri Jye.” “Iyi mvugo yo muri Yohana aho bavuga

yuko Data hamwe n’Umwana, aho buri wese muri bo atuye mu Undi, bitwereka uburyo bwa nyuma bw’uko

Data n’Umwana, buri wese atura mu undi nk’uko byari bimeze mu itangiriro aho Imana Data, Umwana,

Umwuka Wera, bagize Ubutatu Bweranda, buri wese muri bo yari atuye mu Undi. Ubu buryo butaremwe

bw’uko buri wese atura mu Undi bubwirizwa kuba urugero rw’uburyo Imana itura hagati muri ba

kiremwamuntu baremwe mu ishusho yayo.” (Poythress 1991: 33)

A. Ingobyi yo muri Edeni (Itangiriro 2-3; reba na none Ezek 28:13-16) 1. Ingobyi ya Edeni yari ifite umubare w’amashusho asa n’ibigenga ahantu hatoranyijwe, na cyane-

cyane ahahwanye n’insengero zera z’Imana cyangwa se Ubuturo bwera bw’Imana.

a. Ingobyi yari ahantu hamwe gusa Imana yerekanira ubwiza bwayo (Itang 3:8).

b. Ingobyi hari ahantu hashyizwe hejuru, bishoboke ko hari ku musozi hejuru (reba Ezek 28:14,

16), mu gihe aho ari ho uruzi rwaturukaga (Itang 2:10).

c. Ingobyi yarangwaga n’izahabu zayo n’amabuye y’agaciro yaho, byiyongereye ku bimera

byinshi byaho (Itang 2:11-17; 3:22; reba Ezek 28:13).

d. Bakiremwa ubwa mbere, Adamu na Eva bari abera (urugero, nta cyaha bari bafite).

e. Mu Itang 2:15, Imana ishyira Adamu na Eva muri ya Ngobyi yo muri Edeni, ngo ayihingire,

ayirinde.” Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rivuga “guhinga” ni abad (risobanura na none “gukora” no

“gukorera”). Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rivuga “kurinda” ni shamar (risobanura na none “kurinda”

no “gucungera umutekano”). Turongera gusanga ayo magambo mu bitabo bitanu bya Mose mu

bice byonyine bisobanura inshingano z’Abalewi mu buturo bwera (reba Kubara 3:7-8; 8:26;

18:5-6)” (Alexander 2008: 22-23).

f. Ubwinjiriro bwa Edeni bwari i burasirazuba, kandi bwarindwaga n’Abakerubi (Itang 3:24).

“Kubuza” muri 3:24 n’ijambo rihuye (shamar) no “kurinda” muri 2:15. “Mu bigize igikorwa

cyo kurinda cy’Abakerubi ntiharimo n’umurimo wo guhinga ahubwo wari uwo kurinda aho

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Izi nsanganyamatsiko zivugwaho mu buryo burambuye na G.K. Beale muri “The temple and the Church’s Mission: A

Biblical Theology of the Dwelling Place of God (2004) = Urusengero na Misiyo y’Itorero: Imenyekanishamana rishingiye

kuri Bibiliya ku bijyanye n’Ubuturo bw’Imana (2004) na T. D. Alexander muri From Eden to the New Jerusalem:

Exploring God’s plan for life on earth (2008) = Uhereye kuri Edeni ukageza kuri Yerusalemu Nshya: Ubushakashatsi ku

Umugambi w’Imana ku bijyanye n’Ubuzima bwo ngaha ku isi (2008).


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hantu kugira ngo icyaha n’igihumanye bitahinjira; bisobanura yuko umurimo wa Adamu

w’ubwa mbere nk’uko wavuzwe muri 2:15 wari ikirenze uguhinga isi, ahubwo harimo no

‘kurinda’ ha hantu hatoranijwe” (Beale 2004:70).

2. Urundi ruhande rw’umurimo wa Adamu na Eva mu Ngobyi ntiruvugwaho mu magambo atomoye

ariko ruvugwa mu buryo bw’ishusho: Bari kwagura ubuso bwa Edeni kugeza ubwo hagera ku mpera

y’isi. Ibi biza bikurikira umugisha n’itegeko Imana yahaye Adamu na Eva ryo “mwororoke, mugwire,

mwuzure isi, muyitegeke” (Itang 1:26-28). Biremwamuntu byaremwe mu buryo bwihariye, mu

“ishusho y’Imana” (Itang 1:26-27). Kwuzura no gukwira isi yose bizakorwa mu buryo bwo kwubaha

itegeko ry’Imana, muri icyo gihe abantu bazaba barimo bamamaza ubwiza bw’Imana, mu gukwirakwiza

ishusho yayo ku isi yose. “Mu gihe Itangiriro 2 hatanga intangiriro y’uru rugendo, imbuto z’ibi zo mu

gihe kirekire ni ugushyiraho igisagara kigizwe n’urusengero aho Imana na kiremwamuntu bazaturana

mu mahoro asesuye . . . kuko Imana yishimira no guhindura isi yose ubuturo bwayo, iyituzamo abantu

bera” (Alexander 2008: 25-26, 29).

3. Amateka y’inyuma y’uko Adamu na Eva birukanywe bakavanwa mu Ngobyi ya Edeni avuga

k’ukwigomeka kw’umwana w’umuntu kwakomeje imbere y’umugambi w’Imana no k’umugambi

w’Imana wakomeje wo kugira isi yose ahantu izaturana n’abantu bera.

a. Nowa n’Umwuzure (Itang 6-9).Inyokomuntu bari barubashye itegeko ry’Imana ryo

“mwororoke, mugwire, mwuzure isi.” Ariko, ntibasākāzaga ishusho y’Imana ku isi uko

bikwiye, kandi ntibarindaga cyangwa se ngo “bubahe” inzira z’Imana, kuko “Uwiteka abona

yuko ingeso z’abantu zari mbi cyane mu isi, kandi ko kwibwira kose imitima yabo itekereza ari

kubi gusa iteka ryose” (Itang 6:5). Nuko rero, Imana ikoresha umwuzure kugira yeze isi yose

kubera uguhumana kwayo kwazanywe n’icyaha umwana w’umuntu yayizanyeho. Ariko, Imana

iha Nowa umugisha n’inshingano yari yarahaye Adamu ubwa mbere: “Imana iha umugisha

Nowa n’abana be, irababwira iti “Mwororoke, mugwire, mwuzure isi’” (Itang 9:1; reba na

none 9:7).

b. Umunara w’i Babeli (Itang 11:1-9). Ukwigomeka kw’umwana w’umuntu gufata indi shusho.

Abantu banze gusākāza ishusho y’Imana ku isi, ahubwo bashimishwa no kwigumira ahantu

hamwe, no kuzamura izina ryabo, (nk’uko byagenze mu gihe cyo kugwa) hamwe no kwizamura

bakagera mu ijuru (Itang 11:4). Nuko Imana ihita ibashyiraho itegeko ryo gukwirakwira ku isi

(Itang 11:8).

c. Imana yatoranyije umuntu umwe, Aburahamu, imusezeranira kuzagira izina rye rikuru,

kumuhezagira no kubana na we, no guha umugisha imiryango yose yo ku isi iyinyujije muri we

(Itang 12:1-3; 17:1-8; 22:15-18). Imana yakomereje iyo migisha n’ayo masezerano ku bana

b’Aburahamu ari bo Isaka na Yakobo (Isirayeli) (Itang 26:1-5; 28:1-4; 35:9-12).

d. Nowa, Aburahamu, Isaka na Yakobo bubakira Uwiteka ibicaniro n’ibibanza byejejwe (Itang

8:20; 12:7-8; 13:4, 18; 22:9; 26:25; 33:20; 35:1, 3, 7). Bameze nk’abashakashatsi “bashingira

ibendera” Imana “kandi aho hantu bakahita ahabo” aho Imana izashyira ubuturo bwayo mu

buryo buhoraho. Ibyo bicaniro n’ibyo bibanza byera n’ibicucu by’ihema ry’ibonaniro

n’urusengero.

B. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro (Kuva 25-31, 35-40) 1. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ryari ihema rikozwe mu buryo bwihariye Abisirayeli bakoreshaga nk’ahantu

hihariye hagenewe kuramya Imana mu gihe cy’amateka ya mbere. Imana ni Yo yahaye Mose ishusho

y’iryo Hema ry’Ibonaniro ku Musozi Sinayi igihe yahaga Mose Amategeko 10 n’andi mabwiriza (Kuva

25-30).

a. Ishusho n’ibikoresho byari ikimenyetso cy’uko Imana yari ituranye n’abantu bayo. “Ubwo

umuntu yegeraga Ahera kurusha ahandi [cyangwa se “Ahera h’Ahera”], ubutaka bwagenda

buhinduka ubwera kurushiriza. Ibi bigaragarira mu isano ryari hagati y’uburyo umuntu yagenda

asatira Ahera kurusha ahandi n’uburyo ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu kwubaka byagenda biba

iby’agaciro kuruta ibindi (urugero, ibitambara byo ku madirishya, ibyuma). Bityo, ibikoresho

by’ubwubatsi ubwabyo byari ikimenyetso cy’uko Imana Yera yari ituye hagati mu bantu bayo.”

(Williamson 2007: 104)

b. Ubusitani inyuma y’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ryari rifite ubusitani inyuma

yaryo bukikijwe n’igikuta hirya no himo yabwo, ku metero 50 z’uburebure na 25 z’ubugari

(Kuva 27:9-19). Ubusitani bw’inyuma bwarimo ihema ry’ibonaniro rikozwe mu mujumbu

ryagenewe gutangirwaho ibitambo by’ibikōko (Kuva 27:1-8) n’icyogero aho abatambyi


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bogeraga mbere yuko binjira mu ihema ubwaryo (Kuva 30:17-21).

c. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ubwaryo. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ubwaryo ryari ihema ringana na metero 15

z’uburebure na 5 z’ubugari; ryari rifite ibice bibiri bikuru-bikuru: Icyumba cyerekeza hanze,

kizwi nk’Ahera, n’icyumba cyerekeza imbere, cyari kizwi nka Ahera h’Ahera (Kuva 26:33).

(1) Icyumba cyerekezaga Hanze (“Ahera”). Iki cyari gifite igicaniro aho umubabwe

watwikirwaga (Kuva 30:1-10); igitereko cy’amatabaza cyari kigizwe n’ibice birindwi

(Kuva 25:31-40); imeza y’imitsima, yari ikimenyetso cy’ubwiza bw’Imana (Kuva

25:23-30).

(2) Icyumba cy’Imbere (“Ahera h’Ahera”). N’ubwo Bibiliya idatanga ibipimo nyabyo,

umunyamateka w’Umuyuda wo mu kinjana cya mbere avuga yuko Ahera Cyane hari

hafite isura y’isanduka yapimaga mikono 10 x mikono 10 x mikono 10 (Josephus 1987,

Ant.: 3.122). Hari hatandukanyijwe n’ahandi hantu n’Umwenda Ukingiriza twakwita

nk’igitambaro (Kuva 26:31-37). Ahera h’Ahera hari hafite “isanduku y’isezerano”

(Kuva 25:10-15), ryitwa na none “Isanduku y’Ibihamya” kubera yuko muri ryo hari

hashyizwemo amabuye yanditsweho ya Mategeko Cumi (urugero, “Ibihamya”) (Kuva

25:16, 22; 40:20; Guteg 10:1-5; 1 Abami 8:9; 2 Ngoma 5:10). Hejuru y’isanduku

y’isezerano hari umupfundikizo witwaga “intebe y’ihongerero” ikozwe mu izahabu

n’abakerubi babiri bakozwe mu izahabu barebanaga (Kuva 25:17-22). Imbere

y’isanduku hari inkono ya manu (Kuva 16:31-36), igice cy’umubavu wa Mose (Kuva

30:36), inkoni ya Aroni ipfunditse (Kub 17:8-11), na kopi y’igatabo cy’Amategeko

cyanditswe na Mose igihe yatumaga Yosuwa ngo ajyane abana ba Isirayeli mu gihugu

cy’isezerano (Guteg 31:24-26) (reba na none Abaheb 9:3-4).

2. Igihe Abisirayeli bazereraga mu butayu, bagenda bateruye Ihema ry’Ibonaniro aho bajyaga hose

(Kuva 40:36-38). Igihe Abisirayeli bashingaga amahema yabo mu butayu, Ihema ry’Ibonaniro

ryabwirizwa kuba riri hagati muri bo, imiryango y’Abisirayeli batonze mu buryo bwihariye ku mpande

enye z’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro (Kubara 2). Abalewi bari bashinzwe Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’ibikoresho byose

byari imbere muri ryo, babigotesheje iryo Hema (Kub 1:47-54; 4).

3. Nyuma yo guhindūra Kanani, Ihema ry’ibonaniro ryimuriwe i Shilo aho ryagumye igihe cyose

Abacamamza bategekaga (Yos 5:10-11; 18:1). Nyuma y’aho, Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ryimuriwe i Nobu (1

Sam 21:1-6) na Gibeyoni (1 Abami 3:4). Urusengero rumaze kwuzura, Salomo yimurira Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro i Yerusalemu (1 Abami 8:4) aho ntiryari rigifite umumaro.

4. Nk’uko byagenze mu Ngobyi ya Edeni, Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ryari rifite ibyarirangaga bitari bike

byerekanaga igihagararo cyaryo cy’umwihariko kandi cyera nk’ubuturo bw’Imana.

a. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ryari ubuturo bw’Imana bwihariye ngaha ku isi. “Ihema ry’Ibonaniro”

ubwaryo risobanura “ubuturo” cyangwa se “ahantu h’ubuturo.” Nyuma yaho, igicu cy’ubwiza

bw’Imana (“Shekina”) cyuzura Ihema ry’ibonaniro kandi kigumana na ryo (Kuva 40:34-38;

Kub 9:15-23). Mose yari afite igihe yajyaga ahura n’Imana mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro, hitwaga

“ihema ry’ihuriro” (Kuva 25:22; 27:21; 28:43; 29:4; 40:2; Abal 1:1; 3:2; Kub 1:1; 2:2).

b. Isandugu ry’Isezerano ryashyizwe Ahera h’Ahera (Kuva 25:33), bisobanura ukuri

kutagaragara kwo mu ijuru. Isanduku y’Isezerano yitwaga “intebe yicarwagaho” n’ Imana (1

Ngoma 28:2; reba na none Zab 99:5; 132:7). Ibi bivuga yuko ubuturo nyakuri bw’Imana buri

mu ijuru kandi ko budafungiraniye mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro, ariko na none byahuzaga ijuru n’isi

cyangwa bigakomereza intebe y’ijuru ku isi.

c. Abakerubi bagaragara ku ntebe y’ihongerero, hejuru y’isanduku y’isezerano (Kuva 25:18-

22). Ibi n’urugero rwerekana ibiremwa byo mu ijuru birinze intebe yo mu ijuru y’ukuri y’Imana

(reba Yes 6:1-6; Ezek 10:1-22; Ibyah 4:5-9).

d. Abatambyi bera barobanuwe bakomoka mu muryango wa Lewi ni bo bonyine bari bemerewe

“gukora imirimo yo mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro no kuririnda” (Kuva 29; Kub 3:5-10; 8:5-6). Mu

byari bigize imyenda y’Umutambyi Mukuru harimo izahabu n’amabuye y’agaciro (Kuva 28:6-

30). Nyuma y’ibi, Umutambyi Mukuru ni we wenyine wari wemerewe kwinjira Ahera h’Ahera

rimwe gusa mu mwaka ku Munsi w’Impongano, hagakorwa imihango yihariye yo guhongerera

ibyaha by’ubwoko bwose imbere y’Imana (Abalewi 16).

5. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ryari rifite ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe byibutsaga Ingobyi ya Edeni.

a. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’ibikoresho byo muri ryo byaba birimo umubare munini w’izahabu

n’ifeza (intebe y’ihongerero n’igitereko cy’amatabaza buri kintu muri byo cyari kigizwe

n’izahabu y’umwimerere) (Kuva 25:17-18, 31; 38:24-28).


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b. Ubwinjiriro bw’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro bwari ku ruhande rw’iburasirazuba (Kuva 38:13-19) 13-

19).

c. Igitereko cy’amatabaza arindwi cyari gikozwe mu ishusho y’igiti, kumbure, igiti cy’ubugingo

(Kuva 25:31-37).

d. Abakerubi bibutsa Abakerubi Imana yashyizeho kugira ngo “babuze inzira igana kuri cya

giti cy’ubugingo” (Itang 3:24).

e. Amabwiriza ajyanye no gukora igishushanyo cy’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’imyenda y’abatambyi

Mose yaherewe ku musozi (Kuva 24:18-25:1, 40).

6. Igishushanyo cy’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro gishobora kuba cyari ikimenyetso cy’isi n’ijuru “kivuga

igitekerezo cy’uko isi yose igiye kuba ubuturo bw’Imana” (Alexander2008:42).

a. Inyubako y’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro yahuzwaga n’Isabato (Kuva 31:12-17; 35:1-3). Inzira

zitandatu z’Imana zahawe Mose (Kuva 25:1; 30:11, 17, 22, 34; 31:1) zihura n’iminsi itandatu

y’irema mu Itang 1:1-2:3. Imvugo ya Bibiliya ku irema ihura n’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro (urugero

Zab 104:2—“Usanzura ijuru nk’umwenda ukinze mu ihema”).

b. Umunyamateka w’Umuyuda wo mu kinjana cya mbere Yosefusi yanditse avuga yuko buri

gice cy’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro “cyakozwe mu buryo bwo kwigāna no gushushanya isi n’ijuru”

(Josephus 1987, Ant.: 3:180). Ibice bikuru-bikuru byari bigize Ihema ry’Ibonaniro byari uburyo

bwo “kwigana uko isi iteye,” n’Umwenda ukingiriza “utatswe n’ubwoko bwose bw’indabyo isi

yama,” n’ibindi bitambara bimeze nk’amarido “byasa n’ibidatandukanye na hato n’ibara

ry’ijuru” (Josephus 1987, Ant.: 3.123, 126, 132). Yongeraho avuga yuko amabara y’imyenda

yakingīraga Ahera h’Ahera yasobanuraga “ibintu bine bigize ubuzima” (umwuka, isi, umuriro,

amazi), nk’uko byari bimeze ku mabara n’ibigize imyenda y’abatambyi (Ibid.: 3.179-87; reba

na none Alexander 2008:37-40 ku bijyanye n’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro nk’isi n’ijuru rito cyangwa se

urugero rw’isi n’ijuru).

c. Ihema ry’Ibonaniro (nyuma ryagiye kuba Urusengero) ryari “igicucu” cyo ku’isi cyangwa se

“kopi” y’ijuru ubwaryo (Abaheb 8:1-5; 9:23-24; Ibyah 15:5). Bityo, isohozwa rya byose rya

nyuma rizaba igihe Yerusalemu Nshya izamanukira ku isi iva mu ijuru kandi Imana izaza

iturane n’abantu bayo (Ibyah 21:1-3, 10-11).

C. Urusengero (2 Sam 7:1-17; 1 Abami 6; 8:1-11; 1 Ngoma 17:1-15; 22:1-16; 28:1-29:9; 2 Ngoma 3-5) 1. Urusengero rwari rugenewe kuba ubuturo buhoraho bw’Imana ku isi kandi mu buryo bwinshi

byahuzwaga n’Ingobyi ya Edeni hamwe n’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro.

a. Urusengero rwahindutse ihuriro ry’Idini ry’Ikiyuda rya kera, rwari inyubako nziza ya mbere

yo muri iriya isi ya kera, kandi ni ho honyine hari hemerewe gutambirwa ibitambo (1 Abami

3:2; 1 Ngoma 28:1-29:22).

b. Igicu cy’ubwiza bw’Imana cyuzuraga urusengero nk’uko cyari cyaruzuye Ihema ry’Ibonaniro

(1 Abami 8:10-11; 2 Ngoma 5:11-14; 7:1-2).

c. Inyubako yose yari iteweho inzahabu kandi yari itakishijwe amabuye y’agaciro (1 Abami

6:20-35; 1 Ngoma 29:1-8; 2 Ngoma 3:4-10).

d. Imbere h’urusengero hari hakozwe nk’uko byari bimeze imbere mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro, aho

wasangaga hari Ahera n’Ahera h’Ahera (1 Abami 6:16-20; 2 Ngoma 3:3-8). Ahera n’Ahera

h’Ahera hari hatandukanijwe n’umwenda muremure (2 Ngoma 3:14).

e. Ahera h’Ahera hari hateguwe mu buryo bw’isanduku, mikono makumiabiri y’uburebure,

imikono makumiabili y’umurambararo n’imikono makumiabiri y’uburebure bw’igihagararo (1

Abami 6:20; 2 Ngoma 3:8). Yari iteweho inzahabu itunganijwe (1 Abami; 2 Ngoma 3:10-13).

Ahari Ahera h’Ahera hariho abakerubi babiri bateweho izahabu bafite amababa yakoraga ku

bihome bagahurira hagati (1 Abami 6:23-28; 2 Ngoma 3:10-13). Isanduku y’isezerano yari

Ahera h’Ahera (1 Abami 8:1-9; 2 Ngoma 5:1-10).

f. Mu rusengero n’ibikoresho byarwo byose hari imirima ifite ishusho nk’iy’abakerubi, imbaho

z’imyerezi n’indabyo (1 Abami 6:18, 29, 32, 35; 7:24-16, 49-50). Imitwe y’inkingi yo hejuru

yari itatswe n’amakomamanga (1 Abami 7:15-22, 42; 2 Ngoma 3:15-16).

g. Urusengero rwubatswe hejuru y’umusozi Moriya (“Siyoni”) aho Imana yari yabwiriye

Aburahamu ngo atange Isaka ho igitambo (Itang 22:2; 2 Ngoma 3:1). Igice cya Yerusalemu

cyigeze kuba ikirindiro cy’Abayebusi (bigeze kuba ari bo batuye Yerusalemu ubwa mbere)

cyari cyiswe Siyoni. Igihe Dawidi yahafata, yahise “Umudugudu wa Dawidi” (2 Sam 5:6-9; 1

Abami 8:1). Ukwimurirwa kw’isanduku y’isezerano mu rusengero byatumye urusengero,


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Umusozi urusengero rwari rwubatsweho, n’umujyi wose wa Yerusalemu witwa Siyoni (reba

Zaburi 2:6; 76:1-2). Bityo, mu buryo bw’umwihariko, urusengero, na cyane-cyane Yerusalemu

n’umusozi Siyoni, byavugwaho yuko ari ubuturo bw’Imana (Zab 48:1-3, 12-14; 78:68; 84:1-7;

87:1-7; 132:13-14).

h. Irembo rikuru ry’urusengero ryari irembo ry’i burasirazuba, ryitwaga “Irembo Ryiza”

(Edersheim 1988: 47; reba Ibyak 3:2, 10).

i. “Nk’ubuturo bw’Imana ku isi, urusengero kandi umudugudu w’i Yerusalemu n’ikimenyetso

cyo mu buryo butoyi cyane cy’icyo Imana iteganya ku isi yose” (Alexander 2008: 45).54

(1) Zab 78:69 havuga, “Yubaka ahera hayo hadatsembwa nk’ijuru, nk’isi

yashimangiye iteka.” Ibi bivuga yuko urusengero rwo mu Isezerano rya Kera rwari

ikimenyetso gito cy’ijuru n’isi byose. Abaheb 8:1-10:1 na ho havuga yuko Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro n’urusengero byari “ibicucu” cyangwa se “kopi” y’ibiriho mu ijuru

by’ukuri.

(2) Bamwe bahuza ubwiza bw’izahabu zo mu rusengero n’ubwiza bw’Imana (reba

Josephus 1987, Ant.: 3.187). Ibi bishobora kuba bihura n’icy’uko Salomo yazanye

inzahabu nyinshi cyane i Yerusalemu (2 Ngoma 1:15). Bishobora kandi kuba

bisobanura yuko umudugudu wose wabaye ubuturo bw’Imana.

(3) Kuba urusengero rwari i Yerusalemu bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’igihugu cya

Isirayeli kigereranywa n’ingobyi ya Edeni (reba Itang 13:10; Yes 51:3; Ezek 36:35;

Yoweli 2:3).

(4) Josephus, umunyamateka w’Umuyuda wo mu kinjana cya mbere, yabonye

insobanuro y’amayobera ku bijyanye n’igitambaro cyakingirizaga Ahera h’Ahera

h’Urusengero (icyo gihe yarimo yandika ku urusengero rwari ruriho igihe cya Yesu,

ariko kandi rwari rushingiye ku gishushanyo cy’urusengero cyahawe Salomo).

Igitambaro “kinini cyari igisa n’ishusho y’isi n’ijuru . . . ki gitambaro cyari gitatsweho

ibyo byose byari amayobera biri mu majuru, keretse ikijyanye na biriya bimenyetso

[cumi na bibiri], byo shusho y’ibinyabuzima” (Josephus 1987, Wars: 5.212-14; reba

Kuva 26:31; 2 Ngoma 3:14).55

2. Urusengero rwagiye gusenywa n’Abanyababuloni muri 586 MKY (2 Abami 25:1-21; 2 Ngoma

36:11-21; Jer 32:28-44; Amaganya ya Yeremiya; Zaburi 79).

a. Isirayeli (urugero, Yuda nyuma y’uko Isirayeli yari imaze gucikamo ibice igahinduka ubwami

bubiri) ntibabaye abizerwa imbere y’Imana cyangwa se ku isezerano ryayo. Nuko rero, Imana

ituma abahanuzi kugabisha ubwo bwoko, bavuga bati, ubwami butihanye, buzabirindurwa,

Yerusalemu izasenywa, ubwoko bujyanwe mu bunyage i Babuloni aho bazamara imyaka 70

(reba Yes 1:21-5:30; 28:14-30:17; 39:1-8; Yeremiya 2-29; Ezekiyeli 4-16:52; 23; Mika 1-3;

Habakuki 1-2; Zefaniya 1; 3:1-11).

b. Mbere y’uko Abababuloni basenya Urusengero, igicu cy’icyubahiro n’ubwiza bw’Imana

cyavuye mu Rusengero (Ezek 9:3; 10:1-19; 11:22-23).

c. Birasekeje uburyo Imana yakoresheje Abanyababuloni mu gusenya Yerusalemu

n’Urusengero kuko mu Itang 11:1-9 “Babeli” cyari ikinyuranyo cyo mu buryo bwuzuye

cy’umugambi w’Imana (mu Giheburayo, “Babel” na “Babuloni” bisobanura kimwe).

3. Nyuma y’ubu nyage i Babuloni, Urusengero rwarubatswe bushya na Zerubabeli muri 515 MKY

(Ezira 3-6; Hagayi 1-2; Zakariya 2-4); urwo rusengero rwasubiye kwubakwa na Herodi Mukuru mu

ntangiriro zo muri 20 MKY.

a. Urusengero rwubatswe na Herodi ni rwo rusengero rwari ruriho igihe Yesu yari ku isi.

b. Ibipimo by’imbere n’igishushanyo-mbonera cy’urusengero (urugero, Ahera n’Ahera

h’Ahera), n’Ibitambara byari bikingiriye Ahera h’Ahera, byari bihwanye n’urusengero rwa

Salomo. Ariko na none, Herodi yarongereje cyane ibipimo by’Urusengero. Rwari rufite

ubutumburuke bwa metero eshanu. Herodi na none yongereje ibipimo by’ibikāri by’Urusengero

(byari inyuma y’inyubako ubwayo) (Josephus 1987, Wars: 5.184-221).

54

Levenson avuga ati, “Kurebera ibyaremwe mu ishusho y’ubusitani bugose Urusengero ni kimwe no gutegeka ngo habeho

isi yo mu urwego rwo kwifuzwa itandukanye cyane n’ibibaho bidashimishije na gato by’ubuzima busanzwe bugizwe n’ikibi

gihoraho. Iyo si yo kwifuzwa ni yo mbuto y’ibikorwa by’Imana birangwamo kuvumbura.” (Levenson 1988: 99) 55

Levenson aravuga ku yandi masura y’urusengero rwari rufite ishusho y’isi n’ijuru kandi agashimangira yuko

“Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu rwahanzwe nk’isi n’ijuru bito” (Levenson 1988: 78-99; reba na cyane-cyane 90-99). Reba na

none Alexander 2008: 40-42 ku bijyanye n’urusengero nk’ishusho nto y’isi n’ijuru.


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c. N’ubwo Urusengero ubwarwo rwari rwarangije kubakwa ubugira kabiri, rwari rubuze

icy’ibanze: Ubwiza bw’Imana. Nta hantu na hamwe Bibiliya ivuga yuko icyubahiro cy’Imana

cyari cyuzuye inyubako igira kabiri y’Urusengero nk’uko cyari cyuzuye Ihema ry’Ibonaniro

n’Urusengero rwa Salomo. Encyclopediya y’Ikiyuda ivuga iti, “Duhereye kuri Talmud

y’Abanyababuloni (Yoma 22b), Urusengero rugira kabiri [ari rwo rwa Zerubabeli] rwari rubuze

ibintu bitanu byari mu rusengero rwa Salomo, ari byo, Isanduku y’Isezerano, umuriro

uhezagiye, Shekina, Umwuka Wera, hamwe na Urimu na Tumimu” (Jewish Encyclopedia,

“Temple, the Second,” = Encyclopediya y’Abayuda, “Urusengero rwa Kabiri,” 2002: n.p.). Mu

Rusengero rwa Herodi, nta kintu na kimwe cyari kiri Ahera h’Ahera” (Jewish Encyclopedia,

the Temple of Herod = Encyclopediya y’Abayuda, “Urusengero rwa Herodi,” 2002: n.p.).

d. Urusengero rwa Herodi rwasenywe rwose n’Abaroma mu mwaka wa 70 NKY (Nyuma yo

Kuvuka kwa Yesu) nk’uko Yesu yari yaravuze ko ari ko bizagenda (Mat 24:1-2, 15-22;

Mariko 13:1-2, 14-20; Luka 21:20-24).

D. Ezekiyeli yerekwa iby’Urusengero rushya (Ezekiyeli 40-48) Igihe Isirayeli yari mu bunyage i Babuloni, Ezekiyeli yeretswe Urusengero rushya na Yerusalemu

nshya.

1. Urusengero Ezekiyeli yeretswe nta rundi rusengero na rumwe rwo mu buryo bugaragara rwasa na

rwo.

a. Urusengero rwa Ezekiyeli rwari rufite ishusho y’agasanduka gafite impande zingana, metero

igihumbi kimwe na magana atandatu (Ezek 42:15-20; reba Ezek 40:5; reba na none Ezek

48:30-35 havuga metero 225 buri ruhande). Ibi byenda kungana n’ibipimo by’umuzenguruko

wa Yerusalemu ubwayo igihe hubakwa urusengero rugira kabiri (Beale 2004: 341).

Ibisobanuro byatanzwe na Ezekiyeli bitanga ibipimo bijyanye n’umurambararo n’ubwaguke,

ariko nta ho bivuga n’ubutumburuke, keretse inkingi zari zifite mikono mirongo itandatu (Ezek

40:14).

b. Urusengero rwa Ezekiyeli rubura iby’ingenzi ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mu Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro no mu Urusengero rwa Salomo. Ntaho bavuga ku bijyanye imbehe y’umulinga,

igitereko cy’itabaza cy’izahabu, imeza y’ihongerero, igicaniro cy’imibavu, igitambaro

gitandukanya ahera h’ahera, isandugu ry’isezerano, abakerubi, amavuta asigwa abakozi

b’Imana, cyangwa se umutambyi mukuru.

c. Nka kimwe mu bigize iyerekwa, Imana yabwiye Ezekiyeli yuko igihugu cya Isirayeli

kizagaburirwa imiryango yose mu buryo bushya. Hari kubaho ibice 13 by’ubutaka bigenda

birebana, bifite ubwaguke bungana, bihera iburasirazuba bikageza iburengerazuba hagati

y’Inyanja ya Mediteraneya n’uruzi rwa Yorodani, ibibanza cumi na bibiri by’imiryango na

kimwe cy’Uwiteka (Ezek 45:1-8; 47:13-48:29).

d. Icyubahiro cy’Uwiteka cyari kwuzura Urusengero kandi Imana yari kuza igatura hagati mu

bantu bayo iteka ryose (Ezek 43:1-9).

2. Urusengero n’Ururembo Ezekiyeli yeretswe ntibyari mu gishushanyo cy’Urusengero n’Umudugudu

nk’uko bimeze mu buryo busanzwe.

a. “Nta ho biri mu gitabo cya Ezekiyeli yuko inyubako y’umudugudu be n’uwo n’Urusengero

be n’urwo byari byemewe n’Imana….Urusengero rushya n’igikorwa cy’Imana. Umurimo

umwe gusa w’umuhanuzi n’ugutanga insobanuro yarwo mu magambo arambuye mu buryo

bushoboka.” (Taylor 2004: 68)

b. “Uburyo iryo yerekwa ridashobora na gato gushyirwa mu bikorwa byatuma umuntu abona

yuko ubutumwa bwabwo ari igishushanyo, aho kuba mu buryo bw’igishushanyo- mbonera

cyarwo nyakuri cyangwa se mu buryo bw’ukugabura igihugu mu bice” (Taylor 2004: 68).

Muri ubwo buryo bw’ “uko bitashoboka ko icyo gishushanyo mbonera gishyirwa mu bikorwa”,

harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kuvuga ku “musozi muremure cyane” uwo mudugudu wari wubatsweho (Ezek 40:2).56

• Ibipimo byarimo ubwaguke n’uburebure gusa, aho kubamo na none n’ubutumburuke.

56

Ikijyanye n’uko Ezekiel atabonye umudugudu nk’uko uzwi ubu, ahubwo akabona “igishushanyo-mbonera cy’umurwa”

(Ezek 40:2) bisobanura yuko ibi bidakwiye gufatwa nk’uko bivugwa mu magambo. Dennis Johnson avuga ati, “Abahanuzi

basobanura ibyo beretswe mu buryo burangwamo ubwitonzi kandi budasobanutse kugira ngo abasoma batabifata

bashingiye ku magambo yakoreshejwe, kugira ngo tutibagira yuko ubushobozi bw’umwana w’umuntu bufite urugabano

butarenga mu bijyanye n’inararibonye ye n’imvugo ikwiriye mu gusobanura iby’ukuri by’ijuru” (Johnson 2001: 216n.24).


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• Kuba ibi bikurikira bitigeze bivugwaho: imbehe y’umuringa ntiyigeze ivugwaho,

igitereko cy’amatabaza cy’izahabu, ameza y’ihongerero, igicaniro cy’imibavu, igitambaro

gitandukanya Ahera n’Ahera h’Ahera, isanduka y’isezerano, ibikoresho byo mu rusengero,

cyangwa se igikuta icy’ari cyo cyose cyari mu bikari by’imbere, cyari guhuza amarembo

atatu manini cyane” (Greenberg 1984: 193).

• “Ibipimo binini cyane by’amarembo bihabwa ishusho itandukanye n’iy’ukuri: Ibipimo

byayo (imikono 25 ku mikono 50); kandi byari hejuru y’iby’umuryango mukuru

w’Urusengero (mikono 20 kuri 40); uburebure bwayo n’igice cy’uburebure bw’ibikari

by’imbere mu rusengero (mikono 100)!” (Greenberg 1984: 193)

3. Byageze ubwo Urusengero rwa Ezekiyeli n’Ubwiza bw’Imana byari gusimbura Urusenegro rwa

Salomo, ibi byari kuba bishingiye ku ukuntu Abisirayeli bari kwihana no kwubaha Imana by’ukuri, ibyo

Abisirayeli batigeze bakora. Mu byo Imana yasabaga ntiharimo ibijyanye n’ukwihana hamwe

n’ukwubaha Imana byonyine (Ezek 43:6-12; 45:9-12), ahubwo harimo n’ibijyanye no kugabanganya

igihugu, igice kimwe kikaba icy’Uwiteka, icy’abatambyi, icy’Abalewi, icy’imiryango

n’icy’Abanyamahanga (Ezek 45:1-8; 47:13-48:29).

Abantu ntibigeze bihana nyuma ngo bubahe Uwiteka (reba Ezira 10; Hag 1:1-11).

Urusengero bageze aho bakubaka bayobowe na Zerubabeli ntirwari rukurikije iyerekwa Ezekiyeli

yahawe kandi ubwiza bwarwo ntaho bwari buhuriye n’ubw’urwo Salomo yari yarubatse (Ezira 3:8-13:

Hag 2:1-3). Ikindi, n’inyuma yuko inyubako yari yarangiye, Isirayeli n’ubutambyi bwayo ntibigeze

bihana inzira z’ibyaha no kutubaha Imana kwabo (Malaki 1-4).

4. Mu miterere yaryo, ibice bimwe na bimwe by’iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli byerekana yuko ryari iryo mu

buryo bw’ishusho kandi rijyanye n’iby’ijuru aho kuba ibyo mu buryo bufatika.

a. Iriburiro muri Ezek 40:1-2 rigizwe n’ibice bitatu: (1) ibijyanye n’umunsi wihariye igihe ibyo

bintu byabaga; (2) ijambo rivuga ngo, “ukuboko kw’Uwiteka kwari hejuru yanjye”; (3)

n’ijambo rivuga yuko yabonye “iyerekwa inshuro nyinshi.” Ahandi hantu muri Ezekiyeli aho

uburyo bw’ubunyabutatu iriburiro rivugwamo ni muri Ezek 1:1-3 na 8:1-3. Mu bindi bice,

iyerekwa Ezekiyeki yaronse ryari ryerekeye ku urusengero rwo mu ijuru (urugero, Ubuturo

bw’Imana mu ijuru), aho kwerekeza ku ubuturo bwo mu isi. Ibisobanuro bitomoye ku

Urusengero rwo mu ijuru bivugwa muri Ezek 1:1-28 aho igishingiweho ari mu ijuru gusa. Muri

Ezekiyeli 8:1-11:23, iyerekwa rivuga ubwiza bw’ijuru buhuzwa n’Ubwiza bw’Imana mu bantu

bayo ku isi. Ezekiyeli yabonye icyubahiro cy’Imana (8:4), cyo cyari mu Rusengero igihe

cy’Urusengero rwa Salomo. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, Ezekiyeli yabonye ibyaha

by’agahomamunwa byakorerwaga mu rusengero rwo mu buryo bufatika (8:5-17). Nuko rero,

icyubahiro cy’Imana gitangira gusohoka kiva mu rusengero rwo mu buryo bufatika (9:3).

Ishusho noneho yerekeye ku urusengero rwo mu ijuru (10:1-22), icyubahiro cy’Imana kirangiza

gisohoka kiva mu rusengero rwo mu buryo bufatika (10:4; 11:22-23). Ubwiza bw’Imana

buracyari kumwe n’abajyanywe mu bunyage bakomeje kuba abizerwa i Babuloni (11:16); aba

na bo ni bo rusengero rwo ku isi n’ubwo inyubako y’urusengero rwo mu buryo bufatika yari

yararangije gusenywa n’Abanyababuloni.

b. Mu iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli, uruzi rubwirizwa kuba ari ikimenyetso kandi rukaba ari urwo mu

buryo budasanzwe, kuko, n’ubwo hatavugwamo inzuzi ntonto zarushoreragamo amazi yazo,

uburebure bw’amajyepfo bw’urwo ruzi bwarushirizaho kwiyongera, uhereye mu

bugombambari ukageza ku mugezi utashobora kwambukishwa amaguru (47:2-5).Ikindi,

bitandukanye n’uko bimeze ku uruzi rwo ku isi, rwo mu buryo busanzwe, uru rworwo rufata

amazi arimo umunyu rukayahindura amazi meza anyobwa meza aho kuba igihushane cy’ibyo

(47:6-12).

c. N’ubwo Ezekiyeli yanditse akoresheje imvugo n’amashusho abasomyi b’icyo gihe bahise

bumva, dushingiye ku ukuza kwa Kristo, urusengero Ezekiyeli yeretswe rushobora kuba

rudahwanye n’inyubako yo mu buryo bufatika izubakwa mu bihe bizaza.

(1) Muri iri yerekwa rye, Ezekiyeli asobanura ibijyanye n’ibitambo by’ibikōko bivugwa

yuko bifite intego n’igikorwa cyo guhongera ibyaha (Ezek 43:13-27; 45:15-25).

Byashoboka yuko be n’ibyo bitambo bitakora umurimo wo guhongera mu buryo

nyakuri kuko byari kuba bihabanye n’amateka yo gucungurwa, byaba kandi bihakanye

igitambo kimwe kizima cya Kristo yitambye ubwe, bitandukanye n’uko bivugwa

Abaheb 9:11-10:22. Ibi na byo byaba bibaye ibicucu aho kuba ibikoresho nyakuri byo

mu buryo bugaragara (reba Abakol 2:16-17; Abaheb 8:1-10:22).


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(2) Gufata ishusho ya Yerusalemu mu magambo nk’ayo “yavuzwemo” (urugero, mu

buryo bufatika) bivuga yuko ari ihuriro ry’isi mu bijyanye no kuramya (Ezekiyeli 47-

48), aho abatari Abisirayeli bari bahejwe kwinjira mu rusengero (Ezek 44:6-9), byaba

bisubije inyuma ibyo Kristo yarangije gukora. Yesu yakuyemo itegeko ryavugaga yuko

kuramya bikorerwa ahantu hatoranyijwe gusa (Yoh 4:21, 23); yongera akuraho

ibijyanye no gukumira Abanyamahanga mu ubwoko bw’Imana nk’uko byakorwaga

n’Abayuda (1 Abakor 12:13; Abagal 3:28; Abef 2:11-22; Abakol 3:11; Ibyah 5:9;

7:9).57

(3) Kuvuga yuko ibitambo ari “inzibutso” gusa z’igitambo cya Kristo bivuga yuko

tutashobora gufata urusenegro ubwarwo “mu buryo bw’insobanuro yarwo gusa”

(urugero, nk’inyubako yo mu buryo bufatika). Na none, gufata ibitambo nk’uko

bivugwa na Ezekiyeli nk’inzibutso” na byo byaba bisuzuguje Kristo kuko icyo Kristo

ubwe yadusigiye cyo “gufata ku mutwe” ku bijyanye n’igikorwa cy’ugucungurwa cyari

“Ameza y’Umwami”, aho gusubira mu bitambo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera (Luka

22:14-20; 1 Abakor 11:23-26).

(4) David Holwerda yanzura avuga ati: “Ukuri kw’ingenzi mu rusengero mu bivugwa

ku rusengero Ezekiyeli yeretswe kwamaze gushyirwa ahagaragara keretse inyubako

y’ibuye. Ibi bishobora kuba bifite ishusho y’ibitangaza mu bijyanye n’isohozwa

ry’ubuhanuzi, ariko kuri Sitefano n’umuhanuzi Yesaya, twari dukwiye kumenya yuko

“Isumbabyose ntituye mu mazu yakozwe n’amaboko y’abana b’abantu” (Ibyak 7:48).

Imana ituye muri Yesu no muri twe (Yoh 14:23), kandi ukuri kuri mu Urusengero

Ezekiyeli yeretswe kwasakaye mu isi yose. . . . Umubiri wa Yesu ni rwo rusengero

rushya kuko Yesu ni We hantu h’ihongerero kandi ni muri We ubwiza bw’Imana

bugaragarira. . . . Yesu ntiyaje kugira ngo igishushanyo mbonera cy’urusengero

Ezekiyeli yeretswe gihindurwe urusengero rurusha ubwiza izindi nsengero amaboko

y’umwana w’umuntu yaba yarigeze kwubaka. Iby’uko Mesiya ari we wari witezwe

gukora ibi ng’ibi cyari ukudasobanukirwa kwari mu mitima y’abarwanyaga Yesu,

urujijo rwari no mu bigishwa ba Yesu kugeza ubwo ukuzuka kwa Yesu kwafunguye

ubwenge bwabo. Urusengero rw’icyubahiro Ezekiyeli yeretswe ni Yesu, ukuri

kwagaragaye igihe Imana yambaraga umubiri w’umuntu, kwamamarijwe mu nyigisho

za Yesu, nyuma kuza gusobanuka mu gihe cy’ukuzuka kwe [Yoh 2:21-22].” (Holwerda

1995: 74-75)

5. Yesu yizihije isohozwa ry’ibyo Ezekiyeli yeretswe ku bijyanye n’Urusengero Rushya muri We ubwe

no mu ubwoko bwe (Itorero).

a. Iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli ryerekanye “ubwiza bw’Uwiteka” bwuzura urusenegro kandi ko

azabana n’abantu bayo iteka ryose (Ezek 43:1-9; reba na none Ezek 37:26). Yohana akoresha

imvugo kuri Yesu yibutsa ibyavuzwe na Ezekiyeli: “Jambo uwo yabaye umuntu abana natwe

(tubona ubwiza bwe busa n’ubw’Umwana w’ikinege wa Se), yuzuye ubuntu n’ukuri” (Yoh

1:14; reba na none Luka 9:32; Yoh 2:11; 2 Pet 1:16-18). Yesu yavuze yuko azaba mu bantu

kandi ko azahorana na twe (Mat 28:20; Yoh 14:16-17; Abaheb 13:5). Isohozwa ry’iryo

sezerano ryabaye ku munsi wa Penetekoti igihe abigishwa bari buzuye Umwuka Wera (Ibyak

2:1-21).

57

Imiterere y’ishusho y’iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli isobanurwa mu ngingo y’ikinyamakuru cyo mu buryo budasobanutse cya

Bob Pickle, cyitwa “Umurwa wa Ezekiyeli: Kubara umuzunguko w’Isi” (Pickle 2004: n.p.). Pickle abona yuko umurwa

n’ukugabanganya ubutaka nk’uko Ezekiyeli yabyeretswe, n’urugero rw’isi nshya. Aravuga ati, “Turamutse twaguye ikarita

ya Ezekiyeli [urugero, ibibanza 13 byagenewe Uwiteka hamwe n’Abisirayeli] kugeza ubwo umurwa wa Ezekiyeli ugera ku

gipimo cya Yerusalemu Nshya nk’uko iri mu Byahishuwe, bityo ikarita ya Ezekiyeli izungurutse isi. Ikigereranyo kiri

hagati y’umurwa wa Ezekiyeli na Yerusalemu Nshya yo mu Byahishuwe kingana n’ikigereranyo hagati y’ikarita ya

Ezekiyeli n’umuzunguruko w’isi.” Imibare ye ishingiye ku mibare y’ibitekerezo: (1) Akoresha mikono 4,500 kuri buri

ruhande rw’umurwa wa Ezekiyeli (Ezek 48:30-35); (2) Bya bibanza 13 byose (Ezek 45:1-8; 47:13-48:29) bifite ubwaguke

bureshya bwa mikono 25.000 (igiteranyo cya byose ni mikono 325,000); (3) Ibipimo bya Yerusalemu Nshya (Ibyah 21:16)

ni sitadio 3.000 buri ruhande, byose hamwe bikaba “sitadiyo 12.000, aho kuba sitadiyo 12.000 buri ruhande (Ikigiriki

kivuga yuko ibipimo byari “sitadiyo 12.000” kandi yuko “uburebure bwayo bungana n’ubwaguke bwayo”); (4) Buri

kibuga cy’imikino cy’Abaroma cyari gifite uburebure bwa metero 200. N’ubwo igitekerezo cya Pickle kidahuye n’ibirimo

bisobanurwa muri ibi, kirimo kijijisha, kandi kikemera yuko icyo Ezekiyeli yabonye cyari gikwiye gufatwa nk’ishusho aho

gufatwa nk’ukuri kw’inyubako n’umurwa bizubakwa mu bihe bizaza.


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b. Iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli ryerekanye na none isōko y’amazi atanga ubugingo atemba ava munsi

y’Urusenegro (Ezek 47:1-12). Mu gihe Yesu ari We Rusengero rw’ukuri rw’Imana, bityo, ni We

sōko y’amazi atanga ubugingo. Muri Yoh 4:10-14, yabwiye wa mugore w’Umusamariya yuko

ari We Sōko ihoraho y’ “amazi y’ubugingo.” Muri Yoh 7:37-39, ashingiye ku cy’uko ari We

utanga Umwuka Wera, Yesu yavuze ati, “Umuntu nagira inyota aze aho ndi, anywe. Unyizera,

imigezi y’amazi y’ubugingo izatemba iva mu nda ye, nk’uko ibyanditswe bibivuga.” Mu gihe

mu Isezerano rya Kera nta na hamwe hariho havuga mu magambo atomoye yuko “mu nda ye

hazakomoka amazi y’ubugingo,” “bisa n’ibivuga yuko mu bwenge bwabo hari harimo ibindi

byanditswe byinshi bivuga ibisa n’ibi. Ibyo na byo byaba ari ibice byari bifite insobanuro

ikomeye ku bijyanye n’umunsi mukuru kandi bikaba byarasomwa icyo gihe nyene: Ibikuru

muri byo byari ibyavugaga uguhabwa amazi avuye mu rutare mu gihe cy’ubutayu, Kuva 17:1-6

(reba na none Zab 78:15-16; 105:40-41), uruzi rw’amazi y’ubugingo atemba ava mu rusengero

mu Ubwami bw’Imana (Ezek 47:1-11); muri ibi bihe bishya na ho, n’amazi atemba ava i

Yerusalemu yerekeza mu nyanja z’i burasirazuba n’i burengerazuba (Zak 14:8).” (Beasley-

Murray 1999: 116) Mu yandi magambo, Yesu ahuza urusengero rwo mu bihe bya nyuma rwa

Ezekiyeli na We ubwe nka We rusengero rushya. Bityo, amazi aratemba, atavuye mu rusengero

rwo mu buryo bugaragara i Yerusalemu, ahubwo ava muri Yesu ubwe. Itorero n’umuyoboro

w’amazi atanga ubugingo afite Yesu ho isōko.

6. Yerusalemu Nshya (Ibyah 21:1-22:5), s’inyubako yo mu buryo bugaragara ikwiye kuzubakwa ku isi

mu bihe bizaza, ahubwo ni Yo izaba ukwishimira Urusengero Ezekiyeli yeretswe (Ezek 40-48).

a. Muri Ezek 40:2, Ezekiyeli yajyanywe ku “musozi muremure cyane” aho yabonye igisa

n’umurwa.” Hirya no hino y’i Yerusalemu yo mu buryo bugaragara, nta misozi miremure cyane

ibayo. Ikindi, kuba yarabonye “ibisa” n’umurwa na byo byashakaga gusobanura yuko Ezekiyeli

yarimo yinjira mu “ubutabire bw’ijuru n’isi buvuga ku bizaba mu bihe bya nyuma” (Beale

2004: 336). Ibi byemezwa n’Ibyah 21:10 aho bihuzwa n’imvugo ya Ezekiyeli igihe

yasobanuraga ibijyanye na Yerusalemu Nshya. Iki cyanditswe kivuga ko Malayika “anjyana ku

musozi munini kandi muremure ndi mu Mwuka, anyereka ururembo rwera Yerusalemu

rumanuka ruva mu ijuru ku Mana.”

b. Mu iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli urusengero n’umurwa bisobanurwa mu buryo bw’impande enye

zingana (Ezek 42:15-20; 48:15-20). Uburyo Ezekiyeli ahuza umurwa na Yerusalemu Nshya

bishimangirwa n’Ibyah 21:16 aho bisobanura Yerusalemu Nshya nk’ “iyubatswe mu buryo

bw’impande enye zingana.” Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ribivuga ni “impande enye-kane” (tetragōnos).

Isezerano rya Kera ry’Ikigiriki kuri Ezek 45:1-5 na 41:21 rikoresha iryo jambo nyene ku

nyubako yose y’urusengero” (Beale 2004: 348n.37).

c. Icy’ingenzi ku iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli n’uko Imana ihari kandi ko izatura hagati mu bantu

bayo iteka ryose. Nyuma, igitabo cya Ezekiyeli kirangizanya aya magambo, kandi uhereye uwo

munsi, umurwa uzitwa, ‘Uwiteka arahari’.” (Ezek 48:35). Ibi bisohoreye muri Yerusalemu

Nshya mu Ibyahishuwe 21-22.

(1) Muri 2 Abakor 6:16-7:1 Paulo ahuza amasezerano yo mu Abal 26:11-12, 2 Sam

7:14, na Ezek 37:27, kandi herekana uburyo isohozwa ry’ayo masezerano byizihirijwe

mu Itorero. Iyerekwa rya nyuma rya Ezekiyeli ryubaka hejuru kandi ryizihiza ibyo

iyerekwa rya mbere ryari ryaravuze muri Ezek 37:26-28. Nk’uko icyo gice cyavuze

inshuro ebyiri yuko Uwiteka Imana “azubaka ubuturo bwera hagati muri bo iteka

ryose,” bityo Ezek 43:7-9 aravuga inshuro ebyiri “nzaba hagati muri bo iteka ryose.”

Mu Isezerano rya Kera ry’Ikigiriki, igitsi cy’ijambo “kuba” muri Ezek 43:7 ni “Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro.” Ibyah 21:3 havuga yuko Yerusalemu Nshya n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi

bwose, harimo iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli, Ezek 43:7, 9, hasubiramo inshuro ebyiri havuga

ngo, “intebe y’ubwami bw’Imana iri hagati mu bantu” kandi “izaba hagati mu bantu

bayo.” Ikigeretseho, Ibyah 21:3 havuga yuko Imana “izabana” n’abantu bayo.

(2) Kimwe n’ibyo, Ezek 43:7 havuga ngo, “aha ni ah’intebe y’ubwami yanjye.” Ibyah

22:1, 3 hombi havuga yuko “intebe y’Imana n’iy’Umwana w’Intama” zizaba muri

Yerusalemu Nshya.

(3) Intumwa n’imiryango ya Isirayeli bavugwaho nka bimwe mu bizaba byubatse

Yerusalemu Nshya ubwayo: Intumwa n’umusingi (Ibyah 21:14); imiryango cumi

n’ibiri na yo n’amarembo (Ibyah 21:12-13). Hejuru y’uko Urusengero Ezekiyeli

yeretswe na Yerusalemu Nshya bifite isura imwe, byombi bifite imiryango cumi n’ibiri


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ifite ishusho imwe: itatu mu majyaruguru, itatu i burasirazuba; itatu mu majyepfo; itatu

i burengerazuba (gereranya na Ezek 48:31-34 n’Ibyah 21:12-13). “Kuba Intumwa

zashyizwe hamwe n’imiryango ya Isirayeli nka bamwe mu bigize ishusho y’umurwa-

rusengero nk’uko byahanuwe muri Ezekiyeli 40-48 biza byuzuza kurushiriza

ubushakashatsi bwacu . . . yuko itorero rya Gikristu rihuriwemo n’amoko menshi rizaba

itsinda ryacunguwe, ryo hamwe na Kristo basohoze ubuhanuzi bwa Ezekiyeli ku

bijyanye n’urusengero hamwe n’umurwa byo mu bihe bizaza. Ibi bihwanye n’ibindi

bice byo mu Isezerano Rishya aho abahurira mu isezerano rikuru bose bagize

urusengero rwo mu buryo bwo mu mwuka aho ubwiza bw’Imana buba (1 Abakor.3:16-

17; 6:19; 2 Abakor 6:16; Abef. 2:21-22; 1 Pet. 2:5).” (Beale 1999a: 1070)

(4) Urusengero rwa Ezekiyeli ruri mu mutima wa buri kintu. Muri Yerusalemu Nshya,

nta nyubako yo mu buryo bugaragara ihari, “kuko Umwami Imana Ishobora Byose

n’Umwana w’Intama ari bo rusengero rwarwo” (Ibyah 21:22). Bityo, urusengero

nyakuri—Imana n’Umwana w’Intama—ubu ni byo mutima wa byose. “Igishingiweho

cy’Imana n’Umwana w’Intama hamwe n’urusengero bisātira cyane insobanuro

y’iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli, rihwanye n’Ubwiza n’Icyubahiro by’Imana ubwabyo

(urugero 48:35, uwo murwa uzitwa ‘Uwiteka ni ho ari’). Icyo urusengero rwa Isirayeli

rwa mbere rwari rugamije kwari ugusakaza ubwiza bw’Imana, byasohorejwe mu

Ibyahishuwe 21:1-22:5, kandi iryo sohozwa ryari ryaravuzweho muri Ezekiyeli 40-48

ubwaho.” (Beale 2004: 348)

d. Ezek 47:1-12 hatanga ibisobanuro ku uruzi rutemba ruva mu rusengero rugenda rukiza

kandi rutanga ubugingo. Ibyah 22:1-2 hakoresha ishusho isa n’iya mbere kandi hakabihuza na

Yerusalemu Nshya. Ibijyanye n’uruzi mu iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli bihuzwa na Ezek 47:7, 12

havuga yuko hari ibiti ku nkengera zombi z’uruzi. Ibi bigasa n’ibiri mu Ibyah 22:2 havuga mu

buryo buhwanye n’ubwa mbere yuko igiti cy’ubugingo cyari “hakurya no hakuno y’uruzi.”

Muri izo mpande zombi, bivugwa yuko icyo giti cyama imbuto (Ezek 47:12; Ibyah 22:2).

Kandi na none kuri izo mpande zombi, amababi y’ibiti abereyeho gukiza” (Ezek 47:12; Ibyah

22:2).

e. Urusengero rwa Ezekiyeli ruzagirira umumaro abitandukanije n’ibyaha byabo (Ezek 43:6-

9). Ibyah 21:27 havuga yuko “nta na kimwe cyanduye, kandi nta n’umwe ukora ibizira” kizaba

muri Yerusalemu Nshya. Ibi byerekana yuko Urusengero rwa Ezekiyeli rwaba rusobanura

abantu bari “muri Kristo” gusa. Nk’uko Kristo yizihije ubwami bwe, akababaria ibyaha mu

buryo buhoraho igihe yazaga ubwa mbere, bityo Yerusalemu Nshya igize ukwishimira mu

Ubwami bwa Kristo, aho ibyaha byakuweho burundu.

7. Icya nyuma, ikibazo cy’insobanuro y’iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli n’ikibazo kijyanye n’isesengurwa

rya Bibiliya.

a. Imvugo y’ubuhanuzi hamwe n’iyerekwa rikomeza. “Ezekiyeli 40-48 n’iyerekwa ryo mu buryo

bw’ishusho y’urusengero rwo mu ijuru nyarwo ruzamanuka mu minsi ya nyuma rugahagarikwa

mu isi; ariko atari mu buryo bugaragara. . . . Ezekiyeli ashobora kuba yarahanuye neza ku

rusengero rwo mu bihe bya nyuma anyujije mu bimenyetso by’urusengero rwo mu buryo

bufatika ashingiye ku migenzo, urwo Abisirayeli b’icyo gihe bashobora kuba barasobanukiwe.

Ni cyo gituma avuga ku rusengero rwasenyutse mu kuvuga muri make yuko uru ruzaba ari

urusengero rw’ubundi bwoko. Iyerekwa rikomeza ry’Isezerano Rishya ryerekana mu buryo

busobanutse ukuntu urwo rusengero rwo mu bihe bya nyuma ruzaba rutandukanye

n’urusanzwe: Ntirwari kuba inyubako ahubwo iryo yerekwa ryari gusohozwa na Mesiya

w’Imana uzatura hagati mu ubwoko bwe.” (Beale 2004: 353, 359)

b. Uburyo Isezerano Rishya risobanura irya Kera. “Abenshi mu bantu bashobora kubona

iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli ry’Urusengero ryo mu buryo bwagutse (ibice 40-48) rikomeza ukwizera

mu bantu yuko hazabaho Urusengero rwo mu bihe bya nyuma ruhuye n’ibisobanuro Ezekiyeli

yatanze. Ariko, umumenyekanishamana wa Bibiliya ntashobora kwegera ubu buhanuzi

adasobanukiwe uburyo bwumvwa n’abanditsi bo mu Isezerano Rishya. Ishusho Ezekiyeli abona

ry’uruzi rutemba ruva mu Rusengero (Ezek 47:1ff) igaruka inshuro ebyiri mu Isezerano Rishya.

Muri Yohana 7:37-9 ‘inzuzi z’amazi y’ubugingo’ zitemba ziva muri Yesu ubwe; hagati aho mu

Ibyahishuwe ‘uruzi rw’amazi y’ubugingo’ rutemba runyuze hagati muri Yerusalemu Nshya

(Ibyah 22:1ff). Aba banditsi babiri bavomye mu buhanuzi bwa Ezekiyeli babukoresha kuri Yesu

no kuri Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru. Nuko, ntibari biteze yuko ubuhanuzi bwa Ezekiyeli


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bwagenewe gusohorezwa mu bihe bizaza nk’uko bwavuzwe mu buryo bw’Urusengero rwo mu

bihe bizaza. Ahubwo, ubu buhanuzi bwahindutse uburyo bwiza bwo kuvuga mu buryo

bw’ishusho ku byo Imana yasohoreye muri Yesu n’ibyo yasohoje binyuze muri Yesu. Nuko,

mu buryo butangaje, nubwo iyerekwa rya Ezekiyeli ryari ryerekeye cyane ku Rusengero,

ryagiye gusohorera muri urwo rurembo ‘rutagiramo Urusengero’, kuko Urusengero rw’uwo

murwa ari Umwami Imana Ishobora Byose n’Umwana w’Intama’ (Ibyah 21:22).” (Walker

1996: 313)

E. Amajuru mashya n’Isi Nshya (Ibyahishuwe 21-22) 1. Yerusalemu Nshya ihwanye n’ukwizihiza umugambi w’Imana w’iteka ryose wo gutura ahantu hera

igaturana n’Ubwoko bwayo bwera nk’uko ishusho y’igicucu cyabyo yari yarerekanywe mu Ngobyi, mu

Ihema ry’Ibonaniro, no mu Rusengero.

a. Umwuzuro wa Yerusalemu Nshya n’Ahera h’Ahera.

(1) Nk’uko biri ku Ahera h’Ahera (1 Abami 6:16-20; 2 Ngoma 3:8), uwo murwa ufite

isura y’isandugu ifunze ifite impande zingana (Ibyah 21:16).

(2) Nk’uko Ahera h’Ahera hari hasizwe n’izahabu itunganyijwe (1 Abami 6:16-20; 2

Ngoma 3:8), “ururembo rwari rwubakishijwe izahabu nziza imeze nk’ibirahuri byiza”

(Ibyah 21:18).

(3) Nk’uko Ahera h’Ahera hari ahantu hihariye hagenewe ubwiza bw’Imana

n’icyubahiro cyayo, ubu rero ururembo ruhindutse ahantu h’ubwiza bw’Imana

n’icyubahiro cyayo (Ibyah 21:22-23; 21:1, 3-5).

(4) Bityo, Ahera h’Ahera honyine, ukuyemo ibindi bice by’urusengero rwa Isirayeli

(urugero, Ahera hamwe n’ubusitani bw’inyuma), handitswe mu Ibyahishuwe 21.

Impamvu n’uko ubwiza bw’Imana bwo mu buryo bwihariye, ubwo kera bwabonekera

Ahera h’Ahera honyine, ariko non’ubu bugose ibyaremwe byayo bishya byose.

b. Yerusalemu Nshya imira Ahera h’Ahera hamwe n’Itorero rya none kandi iri hejuru yabyo ku

bijyanye n’uburyo tugera ku Mana.

(1) Adamu na Eva batarangwaho icyaha ni bo bonyine bari bemerewe kuba muri Edeni,

kandi Umutambyi Mukuru ni we wenyine wari wemerewe kwinjira Ahera h’Ahera.

Muri Yerusalemu Nshya, abantu b’Imana bose nta cyaha bafite, kandi bari Ahera

h’Ahera ha Yerusalemu Nshya, bazakorera Umwami Imana kandi bazaganza iteka

ryose (Ibyah 21:7-8, 27; 22:3-5).

(2) Ku munsi w’ihongerero—umunsi umwe wonyine ni ho umutambyi mukuru

yashoboraga kwinjira Ahera h’Ahera—umutambyi mukuru yabwirizwaga gutamba

umubavu wari ugize igicu kinini cyatwikiraga intebe y’imbabazi kugira ngo atabona

icyubahiro n’ubwiza bw’Imana agahita apfa (Abal 16:13; reba Kuva 33:20). Muri

Yerusalemu Nshya, abantu b’Imana bose bazabona “mu maso hayo” (Ibyak 22:4).

(3) No mu itorero nk’uko ririho ubu, Yesu Kristo, Umutambyi wacu Mukuru, ni We

wenyine uhora mu rusengero rwo mu ijuru rw’ukuri rw’Imana (Abaheb 4:14-5:10;

7:1-10:25). Ubu natwe dufite uburenganzira bwo kugera ku Mana Data wa Twese mu

buryo buhoraho, binyuze muri Yesu Kristo (Mat 27:51; Abaheb 10:19-22). Muri

Yerusalemu Nshya, hejuru y’uko tuzaba dushobora kugera ku Mana ubwacu, tuzahora

imbere y’ubwiza bwayo iteka ryose (Ibyah 21:3-4, 22-23; 22:3-5).

c. Mu Ibyah 3:12, Yesu yatanze isezerano rikurikira,“unesha nzamugira inkingi yo mu

rusengero rw’Imana yanjye.” Iki gice ntikivuga ku nsengero z’abapagani cyangwa se

urusengero rwa Salomo i Yerusalemu (1 Abami 7:15-21; 2 Ngoma 3:15-17) ahubwo kivuga

kuri Yerusalemu Nshya izamanuka iva mu ijuru. Ibi bisobanura yuko abera bubahirwa muri

urwo rusengero rwo mu ijuru, urwo na rwo nta kindi ruri keretse ubwiza bw’Imana gusa….

Muri make, ijambo ‘urusengero’ ribwirizwa guhabwa insobanuro yo mu buryo bw’ishusho.

Imana izubahisha abantu bayo icyubahiro cyayo cyihariye.” (Kistemaker 2000: 434)

2. Ibindi biranga Yerusalemu Nshya bivuga yuko imira ibyo Ingobyi, Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero

byerekanye mu buryo bw’igicucu.

a. Nk’uko Imana ubwayo yari “yarateye umurima” muri Edeni (Itang 2:8) itanga igishushanyo

mbonera cy’Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero byari bihuye n’iby’ukuri biri mu ijuru, bityo,

Yerusalemu Nshya “imanukira [ku isi yahembuwe kandi yahinduwe nshya] iturutse ku Mana

mu ijuru”(Ibyah 21:10; reba na none Abar 8:18-21).


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b. Nk’uko byagenze muri Edeni, Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero byarangwaga n’izahabu

n’amabuye y’agaciro, na Yerusalemu Nshya na yo ikarangwa n’izahabu yayo n’amabuye

y’agaciro (Ibyah 21:18-22).

c. Nk’uko byari biri muri Edeni, Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’Urusengero byarangwaga n’ibiterwa

(cyangwa se amashusho y’ibiterwa asa n’umurima), bityo, Yerusalemu Nshya na yo irangwa

n’imbuto z’ibiti byayo (Ibyah 22:2).

d. Nk’uko Edeni yari ifite igiti cy’ubugingo, ni na ko Yerusalemu Nshya na yo ifite igiti

cy’ubugingo (Ibyah 22:2).

e. Nk’uko Edeni n’Urusengero rwa Ezekiyeli byari isōko y’uruzi, na Yerusalemu Nshya na yo

ifite “isōko y’amazi y’ubugingo, rubonerana nk’isarabwayi, ruva ku ntebe y’Imana n’Umwana

w’Intama” (Ibyah 21:6; 22:1).

f. Nk’uko umutambyi mukuru, mu ruhanga rwe yambaraga umwenda wanditsweho “YEREJWE

UWITEKA” igihe yaba ari mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro n’igihe yaba ari mu Rusengero (Kuva 28:36-

38), bityo no muri Yerusalemu Nshya abantu b’Imana bose bazaba bambaye “izina ryayo mu

ruhanga rwabo” (Ibyah 22:4).

g. Nk’uko muri Edeni y’imbere yo kugwa mu cyaha nta rupfu rwari ruhari, nta gahinda, nta

mubabaro, no muri Yerusalemu Nshya nta muvumo uzongera kubaho ukundi, nta rupfu, nta

gahinda nta n’umubabaro (Ibyah 21:4; 22:3).

h. Nk’uko Imana “igendagenda muri ya ngobyi” (Itang 3:8) kandi ikuzuza ubwiza bwe Ahera

h’Ahera mu Ihema ry’Ibonaniro no mu Rusengero, bityo no muri Yerusalemu Nshya “Dore

ihema ry’Imana riri hamwe n’abantu, kandi izaturana na bo, na bo bazaba abantu bayo, kandi

Imana ubwayo izabana na bo ibe Imana yabo” (Ibyah 21:3).

3. Ibyahishuwe 21 havuga yuko “Yerusalemu Nshya” ARI “isi nshya.” Yohana atangira asobanura

“ijuru rishya n’isi nshya” (Ibyah 21:1), ako kanya nyuma yaho asobanura “umurwa wera, Yerusalemu

Nshya” (Ibyah 21:2-3; 10-22:5). Uhereye ku Ibyah 21:2, aho Yohana yari yerekeje ibitekerezo bye ni

ku murwa, nta kindi inyuma y’iki cyangwa se cyiyongera kuri iki. Ibiranga Yerusalemu Nshya n’isi

nshya bigaragazwa n’ibi bikurikira:

a. Ibisobanuro ku kijyanye no “kubona – kwumva” mu Ibyahishuwe, aho icyo Yohana abona

gisobanurwa n’icyo yumva (cyangwa se icyo yumva gisobanurwa n’icyo abona), bivuga yuko

Yerusalemu Nshya ihwanye n’ijuru rishya n’isi nshya.

(1) Mu Ibyah 21:1 Yohana yeretswe “ijuru rishya n’isi nshya.” Ibi byakurikiwe

n’iyerekwa rye ry’ “ururembo rwera, Yerusalemu Nshya, imanuka iva mu ijuru ku

Mana” (21:2). Muri 21:3, Yohana “yumva ijwi rirenga” rivuga riti, “Dore ihema

ry’Imana riri hamwe n’abantu, kandi azabana na bo.” Ibisa n’ibirimo biba n’uko

iyerekwa rigira kabiri (21:2) risobanura irya mbere, kandi ibyumviswe ku bijyanye

n’ihema ry’ibonaniro rishya (21:3) bisobanura neza iyi mirongo yombi—urugero, ijuru

rishya n’isi nshya byo muri 21:1 bihuye na Yerusalemu Nshya yo muri 21:2, kandi

byombi bikaba bihwanye n’ihema ry’ibonaniro rishya ryo muri 21:3.

(2) Ikindi gisa n’ibi cyo gusobanura kiza mu Ibyah 5:1-10. Muri icyo gice, Yohana

yeretswe igitabo kandi yumva umumarayika abaza ngo ni nde ukwiriye kubumbura

icyo gitabo. Yumva umwe muri ba bakuru avuga ati, “intare yo mu muryango wa

Yuda” ni we ukwiriye kubumbura icyo gitabo (5:5). Ikindi Yohana yeretswe ntiyari

intare, ahubwo cyari “Umwana w’Intama uhagaze usa n’uwatambwe” (5:6). Uwo

Mwana w’Intama ni wo wafashe cya gitabo kandi aboneka nk’ukwiriye kukibumbura

(5:7-10). Bityo, Umwana w’Intama wari uhwanye n’Intare (kandi byombi n’amashusho

ya Yesu Kristo).

b. “Intebe y’Imana,” ahandi muri Bibiliya ivugwa nk’iri mu ijuru, ubu na ho ivugwa yuko iri

hagati mu ubwoko bw’Imana muri Yerusalemu Nshya. Muri Bibiliya yose, bivugwa yuko

“intebe” y’Imana iri mu ijuru (reba 1 Abami 22:19; 2 Ngoma 18:18; Zab 103:19; Yes 6:1;

66:1; Mat 5:34; 23:22; Ibyak 7:49; Abaheb 8:1; Ibyak 4:2-10; 5:1-13; 6:16; 7:9-15; 8:3; 12:5; 14:3-5; 16:17; 19:4-5; 20:11). Mu Ibyah 22:1-3, intebe y’Imana ivugwaho nk’iri muri

Yerusalemu Nshya. Bityo, Yerusalemu Nshya ihwanye n’ijuru ubu ryamaze kugera ku isi.

c. Ibyah 21:27 havuga yuko “nta gihumanya cyangwa ukora ibizira akabeshya, bazinjira muri

urwo [rurembo].” Ku bijyanye n’ibyo, Ibyah 22:15 havuga yuko “Hanze [y’ururembo] hazaba

imbwa n’abarozi n’abasambanyi n’abasemga ibishushanyo, n’umuntu wese ukunda kubeshya

akabikora.” Iyi mirongo ishobora kuba isobanura yuko nta wutejejwe cyangwa se ukora ibyaha


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wemererwa kwinjira muri iryo juru rishya n’isi nshya, kuko Ibyah 21:8 hakoresha imvugo

imwe havuga ngo, ariko abanyabwoba, n’abatizera, n’abakora ibizira n’abicanyi,

n’abasambanyi n’abarozi n’abasenga ibishushanyo n’abanyabinyoma bose, umugabane wabo

uzaba mu Nyanja yaka umuriro n’amazuku ari yo rupfu rwa kabiri.”

d. Ibyah 21:27 na ho havuga ngo, “keretse abanditswe mu gitabo cy’ubugingo cy’Umwana

w’Intama” ni bo bazinjira muri rwa rurembo.” Kumbure ibi na byo byaba bisobanura yuko

bariya banditswe mu gitabo cy’ubugingo cy’umwagazi w’intama w’Imana ni bo bonyine

bazashobora kwinjira mu ijuru rishya n’isi nshya, kubera yuko Ibyah 20:15 havuga yuko

“Kandi umuntu wese utabonetse ko yanditswe muri cya gitabo cy’ubugingo, ajugunywa muri

iyo Nyanja yaka umuriro.”

e. Ugufata “ijuru rishya n’isi nshya” ukabihuza na “Yerusalemu Nshya” yo mu Ibyahishuwe

21 bisobanurwa n’ikoreshwa ryo ku rundi ruhande ry’ibyanditswe muri Yesaya 65-66.

“Ibyahishuwe 21:1-2 bikurikira ibiri muri Yesaya 65:17-18. Mu gihe Yesaya 65:17 ihuzwa mu

buryo bw’ishusho n’Ibyahishuwe 21:1, birumvikana yuko Yerusalemu Nshya yo muri 21:2 na

yo ari ishusho ya Yesaya 65:18 kandi igahuzwa n’ ‘ijuru rishya n’isi nshya’ byo mu Ibyah

21:1!...Bityo, iremwa rishya na Yerusalemu Nshya nta kindi bisobanura atari Ihema

ry’Ibonaniro ry’Imana, ari ryo Rusengero nyakuri rw’ubwiza bw’Imana nk’uko bivugwa mu

gice cya 21 cyose.” (Beale 2004: 368; see also Levenson 1988: 89-90, 107) Ahantu honyine mu

Isezerano rya Kera havuga ku “amajuru mashya n’isi nshya” ni muri Yes 65:17 na 66:22. Muri

Yesaya 65-66 “Yerusalemu” hagaragara kuba hahura n’ “ijuru rishya n’isi nshya,” kubera

impamvu zikurikira:

(1) Yes 65:17-18 hasa n’ahareshyeshya “amajuru mashya n’isi nshya” na

“Yerusalemu.” Yes 65:17 havuga ngo, “Dore ndarema ijuru rishya n’isi nshya; ibya

kera ntibizibukwa kandi ntibizatekerezwa.” Ako kanya, Yes 65:18 havuga ngo,

“Ahubwo nimunezerwe mujye mwishimira ibyo ndema, kuko ndema i Yerusalemu ngo

mpagire ibyishimo, nkarema abantu baho bakaba umunezero.” Iyo mvugo kandi ngo,

“kuko ndema” ikoreshwa mu gusobanura “amajuru mashya n’isi nshya,” hamwe na

“Yerusalemu” muri 65:17-18. Igice cya mbere cya 65:18 (“Ahubwo ni munezerwe,

mujye mwishimira ibyo ndema”) kivuga ku byo Imana “irema,” byombi hamwe ariko

65:18 hasobanura icyo Imana “irema”; kandi ibi na byo bikaba byavuzweho muri

65:17 kuba “amajuru mashya n’isi nshya”, ariko 65:18 ho hasobanura icyo Imana

“irema” nka “Yerusalemu.” Muri 65:18 Imana yongera kuvuga ngo, “munezerwe

kandi mujjye mwishimira” ibyo yaremye (bisobanura, ibyo yasobanuye nk’ “ijuru

rishya n’isi nshya”), ariko yongeraho ivuga yuko “Yerusalemu” yaremewe kuba

“ibyishimo”, abantu baho na bo bakaba baremewe kuba “umunezero.”

(2) Yes 65:19-66:24 hasa n’ahahuza “isi n’ijuru” na “Yerusalemu.” Iriburiro rya Yes

65:19-25 rihuzwa na “Yerusalemu,” nyuma havuga ku bisabwa ku “amajuru mashya

n’isi nshya.” Yes 66:1-2 rihura n’ “ijuru” n’ “isi” akoresha ijambo “urusengero”

(urugero, “Ijuru n’intebe yanjye, isi na yo ni intebe y’ibirenge byanjye”) kandi bisa

n’ibihura n’ibyamaze kuvugwa kuri “Yerusalemu,” mu gihe 66:1 hatangiza ijambo

“Nuko rero” 66:2 na ho havuga hati “Kuko ibyo byose ukuboko kwanjye ari kwo

kwabiremye.” Ikindi, 66:3-21 bihuye n’ibyo Imana yamaze kuvuga ku bijyanye n’

“ijuru” n’ “isi”, hakavuga na none ibisabwa ku bijyanye n’ibitambo byo mu rusengero

na Yerusalemu. Yes 66:22 havuga ku bijyanye n’ “ijuru rishya n’isi nshya,” ariko mu

kubihuza n’ibyavuzwe haruguru kuri Yerusalemu atangiza uwo murongo n’ijambo

“Kubera yuko.” Icya nyuma, muri Yes 66:23 Imana ikomeza ikoresha imvugo

y’ijambo “urusengero”, avuga ati “Abantu bose bazajya baza gusenga imbere yanjye.”

Ibi bishaka kuvuga igikorwa gikorerwa ahantu runaka nk’urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu.

Bityo, “amajuru mashya n’isi nshya” bisa n’ibihuzwa na “Yerusalemu” n’urusengero

rw’i Yerusalemu.

f. Uguhuza “ijuru rishya n’isi nshya” na “Yerusalemu Nshya”bivugwaho mu intego y’Imana

mu mateka ya Bibiliya: kugira ngo buri gice cy’ibyaremwe byayo cyuzuremo ubwiza bwayo.

Uhereye ku Ngobyi ya Edeni, Imana yifuje kugira isi yose ubuturo bwayo, ubwo izasangira

ibyiza n’ubwoko bwayo bwera. Kubera icyaha, icyubahiro cy’Imana nticyashoboye kubana

n’ibyaremwe bya kera. Bityo, n’ubwo yari yaragendeye Adamu na Eva mu Ngobyi (Itang 3:8),

kubera icyaha cyabo, Imana yarabirukanye ibakura muri iyo Ngobyi (Itang 3:24). Icyo gihe,


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Imana yerekanye icyubahiro cyayo ku isi buhoro-buhoro mu ihema ry’ibonaniro no mu

rusengero rwa Salomo. Bishoboka yuko ibyo byabaye “indorerwamo y’ijuru n’isi, biba na none

nk’ishusho n’igicucu cy’ibintu byo mu ijuru” (Abaheb 8:5; reba na none Zab 78:69; Abaheb

8:1-10:1; Ibyah 15:5). Yizihije intambwe ya nyuma y’ubwiza bwayo mu umuntu wa Yesu

Kristo. Muri ibi bihe byacu ubwiza bwayo bwasakaye isi yose Binyuze mu Umwuka Wera

utuye hagati mu bantu bayo, ari bo Torero. Igihe cy’ “ibicucu” by’insengero zakozwe

n’umwana w’umuntu cyararangiye. Ubu na ho igihe cy’ibishya, urusengero nyakuri—Ubwiza

bwe bwa none bubonerwa muri Kristo n’itorero—cyarasohoye. Na none, n’ubwo ukuri kwo

mu buryo bw’umwuka Isezerano rya Kera ryerekezaho kwamaze kwizihizwa, ariko igihe cyo

kukwishimiramo ntikiragera. Ukwo kukwishimiramo bizasohora igihe Yesu azagarukira ku isi.

Ibi nibyasohora, ibyaremwe byose bizabona ukwo gucungurwa (Abar 8:15-25). Icyaha kimaze

gukurwa mu byaremwe burundu, isi yose (“isi nshya n’ijuru rishya”) bizaba nka Edeni/ifite

ishusho y’ingobyi/umurwa/urusengero—ahantu hatunganye aho ubwiza bw’Imana buba. Bityo,

ibyaremwe byose bizahinduka Ahera h’Ahera hagari (Ibyak 21:16). Ntibizongera kuba

ngombwa yuko ubwiza bw’Imana bwo mu buryo bw’umwihariko bucumbikirwa mu nyubako

yo mu buryo bugaragara. Ahubwo, Uwiteka Imana Ishobora Byose n’Umwagazi w’Intama

ubwabo, aho kwuzura igice kimwe gusa, bazuzura aho ibyaremwe byose biri (Ibyah 21:22).

II. Imibanire hagati y’Imana n’Abantu Bayo mu ishusho y’Ubukwe

Muri Bibiliya yose, ubusambanyi bugereranywa no guhemukirana bihuzwa n’uguhemukirana kwo mu

buryo bw’umwuka (Gutera Imana umugongo bikurikirwa no gukurikira izindi mana n’ibikorwa byo kutubaha

Imana) n’ibindi bisa n’ibyo (reba, urugero, Yer 3:6-10; Ezek 16:15-22; Hos 2:2; 4:12; Mal 2:13-16; 1 Abakor

6:15-18; Yak 4:4; Ibyah 2:18-22; 14:8; 17:1-5; 18:1-3; 19:1-2).

A. Itang 2:23-24 (umugore yaremewe umugabo mu buryo bw’umwihariko; umugabo na we asabwa kuva

kwa se na nyina akifatanya n’umugore we, nyuma bagahinduka “umubiri umwe” na we) n’ishusho y’uburyo

Imana yifuza kubana n’Abantu bayo 1. Adamu na Eva bagendanye mu bumwe n’ubwumvikane hagati yabo no hagati yabo n’Imana mu

Ngobyi ya Edeni. Icyaha (Itangiriro 3) cyatandukanyije ubumwe bushingiye ku ubwumvikane bwari

hagati y’abantu n’Imana.

2. Umugambi w’Imana wo Gucungura, nk’uko bivugwa mu bindi bice bya Bibiliya byose, wateguriwe

gusubizaho ishusho y’ubukwe bwo mu buryo butunganye kandi bushingiye ku ubwumvikane hagati

y’Imana n’abantu bayo. Nuko rero, Yesu “yasize Se” (Itang 2:24; reba na none Abafil 2:6-8) kugira

ngo asubizeho ubumwe bwuzuye hagati y’Imana n’abantu bayo binyuze mu mibanire hagati ya Kristo

n’umugeni we, ari we Torero.

B. Mu IK, havugwamo ugushakana hagati y’Imana n’abantu bayo kugaragarira mu urukundo rwinshi,

ariko Isirayeli yishe isezerano 1. Imibanire hagati ya Isirayeli n’Imana igizwe cyane-cyane “ugukora ubumalaya n’izindi mana.”

“Gukora ubumalaya” n’izindi mana n’ “ukwubaka imigenderanire na zo, kuzigaragariza icyubahiro no

kuziramya, kugendera mu nzira zazo no gukurikirana ibyifuzo byazo. . . . iyi shusho ihwanye

n’imibonano mpuzabitsina . . . kubera intumbero nini iri hejuru yabyo ijyanye n’ukurongorana” (Ortland

1996: 32).

2. Uhereye igihe Isirayeli yatangiriye kubaho ukageza igihe yari ikiri ubwami bwunze ubumwe,

Isirayeli yamye ihemuka.

a. Mu Kuva 34:11-16, nyuma yuko Isirayeli yakoze icyaha cyo gusenga ibigirwamana igihe

yaramyaga igishushanyo cy’inyana gikozwe mu izahabu igihe Imama yarimo iha Mose

Amategeko Cumi, Imana yagereranyije gusenga imana z’abapagani nk’ “ubusambanyi

bukurura vuba abantu kandi bushobora kugeza ibishuko byabwo ku bandi” (Ortland 1996: 32).

Mu by’ukuri, igihe Mose yarimo yakira Amategeko Cumi mu maboko y’Imana inshuro ya

mbere, abantu baguye mu cyaha gishingiye ku bintu byabuzanyijwe cyane muri ayo Matageko

Cumi ubwayo nyene (Kuva 32: 1-6). Ibi bisa n’ugukora icyaha cy’ubusambanyi iryo joro

ubukwe bubereyemo!

b. Mu Abalewi 17:3-7 na 20:4-6, igihe Imana yahaga Isirayeli amategeko y’Abalewi, yongeye

kuburira abantu ku bijyanye n’ikibi n’akaga biri mu ugukurikira imana z’ibinyoma, ari byo yise

gukora uburaya.” Mu Abal 20:6 ntiyagarukirije iyo mbuzi ku ugusenga imana z’ibinyoma,

ahubwo yayigejeje no gukurikirana iyerekwa ry’ibinyoma binyuze mu buryo bw’ubwenge


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bw’umwana w’umuntu. Bityo, “kwegera ibimenyetso n’abayoborwa n’imyuka na byo bisa

n’ubusambanyi, kubera yuko, kimwe no gusenga ibigirwamana, kubasanga muri be n’ubwo

buryo ni kimwe no guhakana “ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa Yehova” (Ortland 1996: 37).

c. Mu Kub 15:38-40 abantu bumvirije ibivuzwe na ba batasi cumi mu mwanya wo kwumviriza

Yosuwa na Kalebu. Imana na none ikomeje kugarura ibijyanye no “gukora uburaya” mu

gushyiramo ibijyanye n’ibyifuzo by’umutima n’ukwifuza kw’amaso . . . bisobanura mu buryo

burambuye ibigeragezo byo mu buryo butandukanye byashobora kuba byashushanywa mu

bitekerezo, byabonwa kandi bigakorakorwa mu buryo bw’ingingo z’umubiri” (Ortland 1996:

39).

d. Mu Guteg 31:14-21 Mose yashyizeho Yosuwa nk’umusubirizi we. Imana igabisha Mose yuko

n’icyo gihe, n’imbere yuko bagera mu gihugu cy’isezerano, abantu bajya baratangiye

gutekereza ibijyanye no gukora icyaha cy’uburaya mu gihugu barimo bagendamo, kandi yuko

ukwo guhemuka byari kubazanira “ibibi n’ibyago byinshi.”

e. Mu Abac 2:16-17; 8:22-35, mu gihe cy’abacamanza, akenshi abantu bagiye bibagira

ibikorwa Imana yakoze byo kubarokora, bityo ntibumviriza ibyo abacamanza Imana

yabahagurukirije babategekaga. Mu mwanya w’ibyo, “ako kanya bahita bararikira imana

z’ababatotezaga, abo Imana yari yaranesheje! Icy’uko bahise batera umugongo Imana

bagasenga ibigirwamana byasobanura urukundo nyarwo bakunda imana z’Abanyakanani

n’uburyo basobanukirwa buke uburyo Imana ari Imana ikwiriye. Na none no kuri Gidiyoni na

we, bakoze ikigirwamana cyo mu buryo bwa Efodi; biganye efodi ya Gidiyoni (Abac 8:27).

Ibyo rero byayoboye ubwenge bw’abantu mu buryo bw’uko, “Gidiyoni amaze gupfa” abantu

bongeye “gukorana uburaya” n’imana z’abanyamahanga (Abac 8:33).

f. Mu Byanditswe by’Ubwenge (urugero, Zab 50:18; Imig 6:26-32; 7:1-27; 30:20)

ubusambanyi n’uburaya bivugwaho nk’inzira y’ubusazi, icyaha n’urupfu. Ibikorwa be n’ibyo

bituma umuntu ava mu mibanire ishingiye ku isezerano ribahuza n’Imana.

3. Mu gihe ubwami bwari bumaze gucikamo ibice bibiri, Imana yashinje Isirayeli na Yuda kuba

barahemutse ku isezerano.

a. Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru (Isirayeli). Imana yabanje kwohereza umuhanuzi Hoseya (750

MKY). Uwo, hejuru y’uko yashinje Isirayeli icyaha cy’ukurarikira, yanakoze inkinamico y’ibyo

Imana yashinjaga Isirayeli byo gusenga ibigirwamana igihe yarongoraga maraya (Hoseya 1-2).

Imana yashinje igihugu cyose “gukora ubusambanyi, gutera Uwiteka umugongo” (Hos 1:2).

N’ubwo Isirayeli yahemukiye Uwiteka, bagakora ubusambanyi bwakurikiwe n’igihano yari

kubahanisha, yakomeje na none kwibuka ubudahemuka bwayo bunini n’urukundo

yabakundaga, abakangurira kwihana, kandi Uwiteka yagumye afunguye umuryango ku

mahirwe yo kuzahembuka (Hos 2:1-3, 14-23; 11:1-11; 14:1-9). Umuhanuzi Mika (750-686

MKY) yongeye na we gushinja Isirayeli ugusenga ibigirwamana ibyo yahuzaga n’ubusambanyi

buzabayobora ku ukurimbuka kwa burundu (Mika 1:1-7).

(1) Ikibazo cy’ibanze Isirayeli yahuye na cyo. “Ikibazo cyari icy’uko Yehova yihagije,

ikibazo kikabazwa muri ubu buryo: Mbese ubuzima, mu butunzi bwabwo n’umwuzuro

wabwo, bukomoka hehe? Mbese bukomoka kuri Yehova wenyine, cyangwa se kuri

Yehova afashijwe n’abandi? Nimba bukomoka kuri Yehova wenyine, bityo umuntu

azamuha icyubahiro wenyine kubera yuko ari We sōko y’ubwo bugingo wenyine. Ariko

nimba bukomoka kuri Yehova n’abandi, bityo umuntu azajya aha icyubahiro n’abandi

kuko Yehova wenyine adahagije.” (Ortland 1996: 49)

(2) Mu uburyo bw’umwihariko Isirayeli yakoragamo ubusambanyi harimo icyo kumena

amaraso atagiraho urubanza, gukurikiza imigenzo y’amadini y’Abanyakanani,

ukwihaza mu bijyanye n’ubukungu, kutagirira abakene impuhwe, no gushakira

umutekano wabo mu mategeko ashingiye kuri politike yo mu buryo bwuzuye

(amasezerano bakoranaga na Egiputa na Ashuri) mu mwanya wo kwubaha Imana (Hos

4:1-10:15; 1:12-13:16). Politike nyakuri (urugero, amategeko yo mu urwego rwa

politike ashingiye ku mbaraga n’ibyubahiro byo mu buryo bufatika aho gushingira ku

byifuzo byiza) ni “ubusambanyi imbere y’Imana” kuko bigaragaza umwifato ‘ikiguzi

icyo ari cyo cyose wasaba’ wo gusunikira umuntu imbere mu gihe inyungu z’abandi

zihonyanzwe. Ubusambanyi bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka bugendana n’ibyaha

bishingiye ku idini; igihe cyose Imana itahawe icyizere ikwiriye kandi itubashywe

nk’uko bikwiriye, harimo n’ibijyanye na politike, abantu bayo bagahakana ubushobozi


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bwayo bwo kubitaho no kubarinda, kugeza ubwo biyitaho cyane, mu buryo bwabo.”

(Ortland 1996:52) Bityo, nkuko Hos 2:4-5, 13 hatubwira yuko, bitandukanye n’uburyo

abenshi mu bamaraya babigenza, bagategereza abagabo babashaka bakaba ari bo

babasanga, Isirayeli yo ni yo yagiye gushaka “abakunzi babo.” Ariko lero, icyo abo

bakunzi babo bashoboye kubaha byari iby’isi gusa [bihuye n’ubutumwa bwa none

bw’iterambere”] aho kubaha ibyo mu urwego rwo hejuru kurushiriza, ibyo na byo

n’Imana Yonyine (ari na Yo nyir’ibyo bintu by’isi byose) ishobora kubitanga.

(3) Nk’ingaruka y’ubumalaya bwa Isirayeli n’uko ibijyanye n’ubutunzi n’amasezerano

ashingiye kuri politike Isirayeli yashakishije, Imana yabihinduye intwaro zo

kubarwanya (Hos 2:6-13), ituma Ashuri isenya Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru, nyuma

bujyanwa mu bunyage (Hos 6:4-10:15; 12:1-13:16). Ugusenyuka kwa Isirayeli

kwasohojwe muri 721 MKY.

b. Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo (Yuda). Imana yohereje abahanuzi batari bake, na cyanye-cyane

(hakurikijwe ibihe babereyeho): Yesaya (c.740-700 MKY), Yeremiya (c.626-586 MKY), na

Ezekiyeli (c.593-571). Buri wese muri abo bahanuzi yashinje Yuda ubusambanyi bwo mu buryo

bw’umuwka, impamvu nyinshi muri zo zikaba zari zihuye n’izo Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru

bwashinjwaga.

(1) Yesaya ahwanya Ubumaraya bwa Yuda n’ukubura ubutabera, ruswa, ugukunda

ibintu, no kubura impuhwe ku bakene n’abatagira icyo bifashisha (Yes 1:21-23). Muri

Yes 57:1-13, umuhanuzi aravuga yuko imikorere be n’iyo igaragaza yuko, n’ubwo

bavuga yuko ari “abana b’Aburahamu” bafite nyirakuruza na sekuruza batari

Aburahamu. N’ “abahungu b’umushitsikazi, urubyaro rw’umusambanyi na maraya”

(Yes 57:3). Iyi mvugo ihwanye n’iyo Yesu yakoresheje ku Bafarisayo muri Yoh 8:34-

47.

(2) Yeremiya 2-3 huzuyemo ishusho y’umubano hagati y’umugabo n’umugore

nk’uburyo bwo gusobanura ukuntu Yuda atakomeje isezerano yakoranye n’Imana.

Imana irabasubiriramo uburyo Yo yakomeje isezerano ryayo na Yuda (Yer 2:1-7).

Ariko, nk’uko byagenze ku Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru ari bwo Isirayeli, Yuda yataye

Uwiteka, bakurikira Egiputa na Ashuri, biza kuvugwaho nk’uko batangije gukurikira

abandi bakunzi benshi (Yer 2:7-3:10).

(3) Nk’uko byagenze ku Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru, Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo

bwaratewe, Yerusalemu irasenywa, abantu bajyanwa nk’inyagano n’Abanyababuloni

hagati ya 606 na 586 MKY. N’ubwo byagenze gurtyo, no hagati mu gihe cyo

kuburirwa kwa Yuda ku byari bigiye kubabaho, Imana yakomeje kubakangurira

kwihana (Yer 3:11-23).

(4) Mu gihe bari mu bunyage i Babuloni, Ezekiyeli yanditse kugira ngo “amenyeshe

Yerusalemu ibizira byaho” (Ezek 16:2). Muri Ezekiyeli 16, umuhanuzi amenyesha

neza yuko Imana yakuye Yuda mu ubusa, imuha buri kintu cyose yari akeneye, ariko yo

icyo yituye Imana n’ “ubusambanyi bwawe ubuha abahisi bose, uba uwabo” (Ezek

16:15). Mu byari bigize ubwo busambanyi harimo gusenga ibigirwamana, amasezerano

n’abanyamahanga nka Egiputa, Ashuri n’Abanyababuloni, ingeso z’ubusambanyi,

kudafasha abakene n’abatishoboye n’ubwo hari hari ubutunzi bwinshi (Ezek 16:16-59).

Ezekiyeli 23 hatanga ikigereranyo hagati y’Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru n’Ubwami

bw’Amajyepfo, hakabashinja kuba abasambanyi, ukutizera kwatumye bakorana

amasezerano n’abanyamahanga, no gukunda iby’isi. Kubera ibyo, Imana iravuga iti,

“Uko ni kwo nzaca ubusambanyi mu gihugu, kugira ngo abagore bose bigishwe

kudakurikiza ubusambanyi bwanyu. Kandi bazabitura ubusambanyi bwanyu, mutware

ibyaha by’ibigirwamana byanyu; nuko muzamenya yuko ndi Umwami Uwiteka.” (Ezek

23:48-49).

C. Mu IR, insanganyamatsiko y’ubukwe igezwa ku urwego rw’umwihariko muri Kristo n’Itorero 1. Yohana Umubatiza kimwe na Kristo Ubwe basobanura Yesu mu buryo bw’ umwihariko nk’

“umukwe” (Yoh 3:28-30; Mat 9:14-15 [Mariko 2:18-20; Luka 5:33-35]). Ishusho IK riha uburyo

uwiteka yishingiye ubwoko bwe ikoreshwa mu IR mu kuvuga Yesu Ubwe.

2. N’ubwo Yesu ari umukwe, ubwoko bwe bukaba bwakwishima igihe ari kumwe na bwo, ukwishimira

umunsi mukru w’ubukwe byaba bisubitswe mu gihe azaba abakuwemo (Mat 9:14-15 [Mariko 2:18-20;


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Luka 5:33-35]). Ibi bikomeza igitekerezo ku Ubwami bw’Imana gishingiye ku

“ibyasohoye/ibitarasohora” bwamaze kuhagera igihe cy’ukuza kwa mbere ku isi kwa Yesu, ariko

ntiburishimirwamo kugeza igihe Yesu azazira ubwa Kabiri. Yesu na We yabonye mbere uburyo abantu

bo mu IK, ari bo Isirayeli, bazamwanga. Bityo, akingurira imiryango andi mahanga yose kugira ngo

yinjire muri ubwo bukwe (reba Mat 22:1-14; 25:1-13).

3. Inzandiko zo mu IR zerekana insanganyamatsiko y’ “ubukwe” mu buryo busobanutse neza, kandi

zikabikoresha ku itorero, kandi zigakomeza ihuriro n’Itang 2:24.

a. Muri 2 Abakor 11:1-3 Paulo asobanura umubano hagati y’Itorero na Kristo nk’

“ukurambagirizwa umugabo umwe.” Arongera akavuga yuko, Adamu ari ishusho imwe na

Kristo (Abar 5:14; 1 Abakor 15:22, 45-47), agahuza Eva n’itorero (2 Abakor 11:3). “Kubera

Kristo, abizera bahagarara muri Edeni nshya,” kandi “nk’uko nta bundi bukwe bwari bwakaba

mbere ya Adamu na Eva, [ni na kwo] nta bundi bukwe buzaza buruta ubwa Kristo n’Itorero

rye” (Ortland 1996: 152).

b. Mu Abef 5:29-32 Paulo yerekana umubano hagati ya Kristo n’Itorero rye nk’ishusho

y’umubano hagati y’umugabo n’umugore we. Abef 5:32 hahuza mu buryo bwihariye ubukwe

hagati ya “Kristo n’Itorero.” Abef 5:30-31 hahura na Itang 2:23-24: “Uyu ni igufwa ryo mu

magufwa yanjye, N’akara ko mu mara yanjye” (Itang 2:23); “Turi ingingo z’umubiri we”

(Itang 2:24); “Ni cyo gituma umuntu azasiga . . . bombi bakaba umubiri umwe” (Abef 5:31).

Mu yandi magambo: “Agahimbazamusyi n’umucyo utuyobora ukatugeza mu Urugo rwa

gikristu n’intego ya Kristo n’itorero rye mu rukundo ruri hagati yabo. . . . Ubumwe bwacu na

Kristo, twe nk’umubiri we, budusubiza muri ubwo buntu bwinshi aho ubwo bumwe bushobora

kugerwaho no gushyirwa mu bikorwa, kugera n’aho byoroha yuko Abubakanye b’Abakristu

bagera ku rukundo rwuzuye. Ubukwe bw’Itorero na Kristo bifite ishusho ya Adamu na Eva

kandi bigaha abubakanye b’abakristu ibyangombwa kugira ngo bagere ku ubumwe hagati yabo

ku urwego rwo mu buryo bwimbitse bw’umwana w’umuntu. . . . Ubutumwa nyabwo buri muri

ibyo twasomye n’uko urugo rw’Abakristu rukomeza insobanuro y’umubiri umwe” bubamo

ukuri kw’igitambo cy’urukundo rwo mu buryo bw’Imana muri Kristo bigaragarira mu

ukwitanga mu murimo w’itorero. . . . Umugabo w’umukristu ukunda umugore we amuha ku

mwanya kugira ngo amugezeho ibitambo bya buri munsi, kugira abe umugore uteye ubwuzu

nk’umugore ukunda Imana. Na we, ku ruhande rwe, arashimangira kandi akitabira ibikorwa

umugabo we agerageza gutangiza bisa n’ibya Kristo. Muri ibi byose, ibyari amayobera

y’ubutumwa bwiza byashyizwe ahagaragara.” (Ortland 1996: 155-58)

4. Yesu n’abanditsi b’IR bagereranya ukutakirwa kwa Yesu nk’ “ubusambanyi.”

a. Yesu yagereranyije ukutakirwa kwe n’ubusambanyi (Mat 12:38-39; 16:1-4; Mariko 8:38).

b. Yak 4:4 hashimangira igitekerezo cy’ubusambanyi bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka hejuru

y’ugusenga ibigirwamana mu buryo bwihariye cyangwa se ibikorwa, igihe yita abantu

“abasambanyikazi” bafitanye “ubushuuti n’isi,” cyangwa se “bashaka kuba inshuti n’isi.”

(1) Icyifuzo be n’icyo cyo “kuba inshuti n’iby’isi” s’ukunanirwa kwo mu urwego

rusanzwe, ahubwo bitera “kwangwa n’Imana kandi “aba yihinduye umwanzi

w’Imana.” Icy’uko ubushuti n’iby’iyi si biganisha ku ubusambanyi bwo mu buryo

bw’umwuka birwanya Imana; ibyo Ibyah 17:5 habyita isi n’ibiyuzuye “Babuloni

ikomeye, nyina w’abamaraya, kandi nyina w’ibizira byo mu isi.”

(2) Impamvu ituma ubwo bucuti n’isi buba ubwanzi ku Mana biza bikurikirana n’

ikigereranyo kiri hagati y’ukwizera n’ubukwe: Bisa n’umugore ufite irari ry’abandi

bagabo mu mwanya wo gukunda umugabo we. “Yakobo ntarimo ashakisha ko abarimo

basoma ibi bakwirinda ikijyanye n’umwifato w’iby’isi, ahubwo arimo abahamagarira

kujya kure n’ibijyanye no kwogeza iby’isi, abisobanura mu buryo butomoye neza, yuko

uwo wese wifuza kuba incuti y’Imana abwirizwa kwirinda gukururwa n’isi, haba mu

byo yifuza cyangwa se mu byo agambiriye. . . . N’ubwo inkuru ya Bibiliya idasukumwa

cyane n’iki gisomwa cyo mu Isezerano Rishya, ariko na none umuntu yashobora

kwumva mu buryo bwimbitse uburyo ubumaraya bwo mu mutima ari umuzi

w’imyifatire yo mu buryo bugaragara. Igihe rero iyi ndwara y’imbere mu mutima imaze

kuvurwa igakira, ni ho kwa kurambagizwa nyakuri guhita gushoboka.” (Ortland 1996:

142-43)

b. 1 Abakor 6:15-20 hasobanura mu buryo bwimbitse ibijyanye n’ubusambanyi bwo mu buryo

bw’umubiri, bugaragara. “Uwifatanya na maraya aba abaye umubiri umwe” na we (v. 16) ,


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ariko “uwifatanya n’Umwami Yesu aba abaye umwuka umwe” na We (v.17). Mu gukoresha

amagambo amwe muri iyo mirongo yombi, Paulo arimo aduhugura uburyo icyaha

cy’ubusambanyi ari ikizira cyo mu buryo bw’umwuka ku urwego rwo hejuru cyane. Abakristo

bahujwe na Kristo mu buryo bw’ (“umwuka umwe”): urugero, Kristo, binyuze mu Umwuka

Wera, atuye mu mibiri yacu (v. 19), kandi “turi ingingo z’umubiri we” (Abef 5:30). Iyo habaye

icyaha cyo mu buryo bw’ubusambanyi, uwizera aba arimo yubaka ubumwe bufite ishusho

y’ikirūra hagati ya Kristo n’umumaraya. Ahubwo, twari dukwiye “guhesha Imana icyubahiro

imibiri yacu” (v. 20) “mutange imibiri yanyu, ibe ibitambo bizima byera bishimwa n’Imana, ni

ko kuyikorera kwanyu gukwiriye” (Abar 12:1). Ibyo dukoresha imibiri yacu ni byo bigaragaza

ibyo dutekereza by’ukuri kuri Kristo.

D. Mu Ibyahishuwe, ishusho y’ubukwe ishingiye kuri Bibiliya igaragaza imibanire hagati y’Imana

n’Abantu bayo isohorera muri Kristo, Umukwe we (Itorero) n’Isi Nshya 1. Mu Ibyah 19:5-9 “ubukwe bw’Umwana w’Intama” burasohoye. Muri ibi bihe isi igezemo, dufite

“ibyasohoye” by’Ubwami ariko dutegereje “ibitarasohora” by’ukubwishimiramo. Igihe Yesu

azagarukira, tuzaba mu by’Ubwami mu buryo bwuzuye. Umunezero w’ “ubukwe bw’umwana

w’Intama” n’umugeni we bihabanijwe n’ “Ibyokurya byinshi Imana izatanga,” bizagenerwa uwo wese

urwanya Kristo (Ibyah 19:17-21). Abatumiriwe ubwo bukwe “Hahirwa abatorewe gusangira ku

byateguriwe ubukwe bw’Umwana w’Intama.” (Ibyah 19:9). Ku rundi ruhande, ku “Byokurya byinshi

Imana izagabura,” inyoni “zirya intumbi z’abami, n’iz’abatware b’ingabo n’iz’ab’ubushobozi

n’iz’amafarashi, n’iz’abahekwa na zo, n’iz’abantu bose, ab’umudendezo n’ab’imbata, aboroheje

n’abakomeye…[kugeza ubwo] ibisiga byose bihaga intumbi zabo” (Ibyah 19:18, 21).

2. Ibiri mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe bitanga itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubudahemuka bw’umugeni wa

Kristo na maraya w’isi.

a. Uburyo bazaba barimbishijwe. Umugeni azaba yambitswe umwenda w’igitare mwiza

urabagirana, utanduye; kuko uwo mwenda utanduye ni wo mirimo yo gukiranuka y’abera”

(Ibyah 19:8). Umukwe yaramwejeje, “ngo aryeze, anaze kuryogesha amazi n’ijambo rye,

aryishyire rifite ubwiza, ridafite ikizinga cyangwa umunkanyari cyangwa ikintu gisa gityo,

ahubwo ngo ribe iryera ridafite inenge” (Abef 5:26-27). Ku rundi ruhande, Nyina

w’Abamaraya yari yambitswe nk’umumaraya, “Uwo mugore yari yambaye umwenda

w’umuhengeri, n’uw’umuhemba; yari arimbishijwe n’izahabu n’amabuye y’igiciro cyinshi

n’imaragarita, mu intoke ze yari afite igikombe cy’izahabu cyuzuye ibizira n’imyanda

y’ubusambanyi bwe.” (Ibyah 17:4; 18:6).

b. Ibibasohoreraho. Amagambo akoreshwa mu Ibyah 17:1 na 21:9 arasa. Nk’uko imyenda ya

wa Mumaraya Mukuru w’isi n’iy’Umugeni wa Kristo yari ihabanye, bityo muri 17:1, maraya

yaciriwe urubanza, ararimburwa, ariko muri 21:9 umugeni w’Umwana w’Intama ashyizwe

hejuru.

3. Mu Ibyah 21:1-11 Ibisobanuro ku imiterere y’iteka kandi itagira inenge igenga umubano wo mu

buryo bw’ubukwe hagati ya Kristo n’Umugeni we.

a. Mu iyerekwa rye risoza, Yohana abona Umugeni wa Kristo nk’ “ururembo rwera,

Yerusalemu nshya, rumanuka ruva mu ijuru ku Mana, rufite ubwiza bw’Imana. Kurabagirana

kwarwo gusa n’ukw’ibuye ry’agaciro kanini cyane, nk’ibuye ryitwa yasipi, ribonerana

nk’isarabwayi.” (Ibyah 21:10-11). “Ubuturo bw’Imana n’abantu mu buryo bw’ururembo

bushobora . . . kuba busobanura ubumwe buzira inenge hagati y’abacunguwe nk’igisubizo cya

nyuma kandi gihoraho cy’Imana ku bibazo abana b’abantu bagiye bahura na byo mu mateka

yaranze umwana w’umuntu” (Ortland 1996: 166n.73).

b. Yerusalemu Nshya igereranywa n’ “umugeni arimbishirizwa umukwe” (Ibyah 21:2). Mu

Ibyah 19:7-8 umugeni asobanura abera (cyangwa se itorero). Uguhuza umugeni na Yerusalemu

Nshya bisobanurwa neza mu Ibyah 21:9 aho Umumarayika avuga ati, “Ngwino nkwereke

umugeni, umugore w’umwana w’Intama,” ku murongo wa 10 na ho haravuga hati, “Anjyana

ku musozi munini kandi muremure ndi mu Mwuka, anyereka ururembo rwera, Yerusalemu,

rumanuka ruva mu ijuru ku Mana.” Nuko rero, Yerusalemu Nshya hahuzwa mu buryo bwa

bugufi n’ubwoko bw’Imana, mu buryo bw’uko byaba ari ishusho ku ubwoko bw’Imana

n’umubano wayo na bo. Ibyahishuwe n’igitabo cyerekana cyane amashusho. Uburyo

gisobanura ibijyanye na Yerusalemu Nshya “buhwanye n’abantu aho kuba ahantu” (Gundry

1987: 256). Bityo, nk’uko Yesu n’Itorero ari bo Rusengero Nyakuri, Rushya, bityo


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Yerusalemu Nshya ivuga ku ubwoko bw’Imana kurushiriza, n’umubano wayo na bo aho

kuvuga ku misozi mishya izaba ihari igihe Yesu azagarukira.

III. Ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana, Inshingano za Kiremwa Muntu n’Ukubaho kw’Icyaha n’Ikibi

A. Imana ntivugirwamo hejuru ya buri kintu cyose, kandi ntihagarika umurimo wayo wo gusohoza

umugambi wayo Bibiliya yerekana Imana nk’itavugirwamo hejuru ya buri kintu cyose kandi ihora igaragara mu buzima

bw’isi kugira ngo isohoze umugambi wayo (reba 1 Ngoma 29:11-12; Yobu 12:13-25; Zab 103:19; Yes 40:21-

26; 46:9-11; Dan 4:35; Ibyak 4:27-28; Abar 9:14-24; Abef 1:11; Ibyah 17:14-17). Ibi bizwi nk’inyigisho

z’ubufasha bw’Imana, n’ukuvuga, “cya gikorwa cy’imbaraga z’Imana aho Umuremyi urinda ibyo yaremye

byose, ari We ukora mu birimo bibera ku isi byose, kandi ikayobora ibintu byose ku iherezo ryabigenewe”

(Berkhof 1949: 181). Urugero, Uwiteka arema imisozi, akarema umuyaga, ashyiraho umugoroba n’umwijima

(Amosi 4:13); atuma umuyaga uhuha, amazi na yo atemba (Zab 147:18); ategeka izuba, ukwezi n’inyenyeri,

atera inyanja kwihinduriza (Yer 31:35); ayobora imikurire y’ibimera (Yes 41:19-20); ategeka ubuzima

bw’inyamaswa zo mu ishyamba (Yobu 39). Imana itegeka kandi yinjira mu buzima bw’abantu. Urugero, ni Yo

igena ubugingo n’urupfu, harimo n’ibi by’uko inda zivamo, itegeka indwara n’urupfu, harimo n’urupfu rw’

“inzirakarengane” (Itang 20:17-18; Kuva 4:11; 2 Sam 12:15; Neh 9:6; Yobu 12:9-10; Yes 44:24; Ezek

24:15-18); izamura bamwe igacisha bugufi abandi (1 Sam2:7); ni yo itegeka amahanga (2 Ngoma 20:6; Zab

33:10-11; Yes 40:23-25); izamura imyuka iri mu bantu, igashyira ibitekerezo mu bwenge bwabo, igahindukiza

imitima yabo (Ezira 6:22; Neh 2:12; 7:5; Zab 105:25; Hag 1:14). Nuko rero, Bibiliya itubwira ngo, “Uwiteka

akora ikimushimishije cyose, haba ku isi cyangwa se mu ijuru (Zab 136:6). Uwiteka avuga ati, “Mpera mu

itangiriro nkavuga iherezo, mpera no mu bihe bya kera nkavuga ibitarakorwa, nkavuga nti, “imigambi yanjye

izakomera kandi ibyo nzashaka byose nzabikora. . . . Narabivuze, no kubisohoza nzabisohoza.” (Yes 46:10-11)

B. Insobanuro y’amateka mu buryo bubiri buvuguruzanya N’ubwo umugambi, amateka by’Imana ari ibintu byumvikana kandi bidahindurwa n’icy’ari cyo cyose,

hamwe n’ibyo ikora mu gusohoza uwo mugambi, na none Imana yubaha uburenganzira bw’abantu nka bo

kiremwa muntu. Ntībategeka nk’uko baba ari ibikinisho cyangwa se za robot. Abantu bashoboye gutekereza

uburyo bwabo no gukora amahitamo nyayo. Bityo, Bibiliya yerekana buri kanya insobanuro zo mu buryo bubiri

kandi zigendana ku bijyanye n’ibiba ku isi: Imana ntivugirwamo kandi ni Yo yashyizeho ibibaho byose (ibi, mu

ruhande rumwe, ni byo bisobanuro byuzuye ku bintu byose biba ku isi); ariko na none, ibi bijyanye n’uko, kandi

ntibigabanya na hato, ingaruka zigendana n’amahitamo baba bakoze n’ibyo bakora (ibi na byo, mu rundi

ruhande, n’insobanuro y’ibiba ku isi byose). Ibi bizwi nk’inyigisho z’uguhatana, n’ukuvuga, imikoranire hagati

y’ubushobozi bw’Imana n’imbaraga zibwungirije, hakurikijwe amategeko yashyizweho agenga imikorere,

atuma bakora kandi bagakora muri ubwo buryo nyene bakoramo” (Berkhof 1949: 187). Izi nyigisho zisobanura

ibintu bibiri: “(1) imbaraga z’isi ntizīkorana zonyine, bisobanura, zikoresheje imbaraga zazo ubwazo, ahubwo

Imana irakora igira uruhare rusesuye mu gikorwa cy’icyaremwe cyose. Ibi na none bibwirizwa kuguma

bihabanye n’umwanya ubumana buhagazemo. (2) Izo mpamvu z’ubugira kabiri n’iz’ukuri, ariko ntibifatwa

nk’ubushobozi bwo gukora bw’Imana. . . . Ibi bibwirizwa gushyirwa hejuru y’igitekerezo cy’uko Imana ari Yo

mukozi wenyine ukora mu isi.” (Ibid.) Mu yandi magambo, mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi, Imana

ikorera mu byo yaremye (byaba biremwa muntu cyangwa se imyuka) kugira ngo igere ku mugambi wayo.

Terrence Fretheim arasobanura ibi bikurikira: “Imibanire hagati y’Imana n’isi irumvikana muri

iyi nzira: Imana ituye kandi ikorera aho hose isi igera. Imana ntirema isi nyuma ngo ihite iyisiga aho ngaho

yigendere, ahubwo Imana irarema isi kandi ikayinjiramo, igatura hagati muri yo, nk’Imana. . . . Imana igaragara

muri buri mwanya no muri buri kintu kibera mu isi. Uhereye ku byaremwe binini kuruta ibindi byose ukageza

ku kiremwa gito kuruta ibindi byose, nta na hamwe Imana idashobora kugera. Nta na kimwe cyashobora gukūra

Imana ku ntebe yayo yo kuyobora isi cyangwa se kuyobora ubuzima bw’ikiremwa kindi icyo ari cyo cyose. Na

none, kuba Imana ibera hose icyarimwe ntibisobanura yuko yinjira mu buyobozi bwa buri kantu gato kose mu

buryo ubwo ari bwose; cyangwa se ngo ibe ari Yo itegeka ubushake bw’umuntu mu kantu ako ari ko kose ngo

n’uko ubushake bwayo budahangarwa.58

. . . Isi igumana ubusugire bwayo nk’icyaremwe n’ubwo iba yuzuyemo

ububasha bw’umuremyi wayo. . . . Imana—yo itandukanye n’isi—ikora yibanze ku mibanire yayo n’isi ihereye

imbere mu isi, mu mwanya wo gukorera ku isi iturutse inyuma yayo. . . . Ibi bisobanura yuko, Imana hamwe

58

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kwumva insobanuro y’“Ubushake” bw’Imana. Ubushake bwayo bwashyizwe

ahagaragara cyangwa se bwatanzwe nk’itegeko, bushobora, na none, kurwanywa n’abantu; ariko ubushake bwayo bwo mu

buryo bw’ibanga cyangwa se ubwafashwe nk’iteka (décret), ubwo ntibushobora kurwanywa (reba ibikurikira, ibice C.-G.).


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n’ibyaremwe, bombi bafite uruhare rukomeye mu murimo w’uguhanga ibishya, kandi ubusitani bombi

bakoreramo bufitanye isano mu bijyanye n’umurimo n’imbuto ziwukomokamo. . . . Hejuru y’ibyo, Imana iha ba

kiremwa muntu ububasha n’inshingano mu buryo butuma Imana yiha inshingano yo kubagendera hafi mu buryo

bwihariye. Iyi nshingano itanga ububasha bwo mu buryo bw’ubumana butuma umuntu ategeka ibyaremwe,

ikindi gihe ikabumwambura. Urugero, Imana ntizemera yuko irondoka ry’ibikōko cyangwa se uguhinga

n’ugusarura bikorwa mu buryo butatekerejweho. Hejuru y’ibyo, ba kiremwa muntu bahawe n’umudendezo wo

kurimburana hagati yabo, n’ubwo ibi bihabanye n’iby’Imana ibifuriza. Ubu bushake bwo guha ububasha

n’inshingano ibyaremwe buturuka ku uburyo Imana ihora ibikeneye59

kugira ngo ibinyuremo cyangwa se

ibikoreremo mu gihe cy’ubuzima bw’isi.” (Fretheim 2005: 23-24, 26, 27; reba na none Berkhof 1949: 188-90)

Mu urwego rwo gukomezanya n’ubu buryo bubiri bwo gusobanura ibitubaho, Paulo abwira Abakristu ati “mube

ari ko musohoza agakiza kanyu mutinya, muhinda umushyitsi, kuko ari Yo ibatera gukunda no gukora ibyo

yishimira” (Abafil 2:12-13).

N’ubwo umugambi w’Imana, iteka ryayo, n’uburyo ikora kugira ngo umugambi wayo ugere ku musōzo,

na none, ibindi bisobanuro bibiri byari bikwiye gutangwa ku bijyanye n’imibanire ikenewe hagati y’umuntu

n’Imana: (1) “Iyi n’imibanire iri hagati y’ibintu bitareshya; n’imibanire itagira ihuriro. Imana n’Imana; twebwe

ntituri Yo.” (Fretheim 2005: 16); na (2) Iki n’igihushane kirwanya insobanuro cyangwa se ugusobanukirwa.

Ariko na none, mu gihe hariho Imana ishobora byose, izi byose, ibera hose icyarimwe, Imana ifitiye isi

umugambi, ntivugirwamo, kandi igenda ishyira umugambi wayo ku gihe, ikindi, kuba hariho ibyaremwe bifite

ububasha bwo gukora amahitamo mu buryo bukwiriye no gufata ibyemezo byo mu buryo bufatika, bigafata

ibyemezo binafitiye inshingano, iyo mibanire hagati y’Imana n’Ibiremwa byayo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru,

nta kundi yashobora kumera.

Ingero zishingiye kuri Bibiliya zikurikira zerekana uburyo Imana n’andi masōko y’imbaraga yo mu

urwego rwa kabiri ahurira muri icyo kintu kimwe, harimo n’ibijyanye n’icyaha hamwe n’ikibi:

ICYABAYE MU MATEKA URUHARE RW’IMANA URUHARE RW’UNDI

Iremwa ry’inyamaswa

Aburahamu anesha abami bane

Sara aratwita & abyara Isaka

Abavandimwe ba Yosefu bamugurisha mu

bikorwa by’uburetwa

Yosefu abonera amahirwe mu buretwa

Abavandimwe ba Yosefu basubizwa

amafaranga

Abisirayeli bava muri Egiputa

Farawo akomantazwa umutima

Ikimasa cy’izahabu& Isirayeli isenga

ibigirwama

Isirayeli ishyirwaho & ukwezwa kwabo

Ukuneshwa kwabereye Sihoni

Ukuneshwa kwa Bashani

Ubushobozi bwo kugera ku ubutunzi

Intsinzi za Yosuwa

Isirayeli ihindūra igihugu cy’isezerano

Kuneshwa kwa Yeriko

Kuneshwa kwa Ai

Kuneshwa kwa Makedahi

Kuneshwa kw’abandi bami

Gidiyoni atsinda Abamidiyani

Samusoni arongora umufilisitiyakazi

Itang 42:27-28

Itang 14:20

Itang 21:1

Itang 45:7-8; 50:20

Itang 39:3, 23

Itang 42:27-28

Kuva 3:7-8

Kuva 4:21;7:3;9:12; 10:1, 20,

27

Kuva 32:1-8; Ibyak 7:39-41

Abal 20:8

Guteg 2:30-31, 33, 36

Guteg 3:2-3

Guteg 8:18

Guteg 3:21-22;

Kuva 23:23, 29-30; Guteg

4:37-38; 7:1-2, 22-24; 9:3a

Yos 6:2

Yos 8:1

Yos 10:19b

Yos 11:8a

Abac 7:7, 9, 14-15

Abac 14:4

Itang 42:25

Itang 14:14-16

Itang 21:2, 5

Itang 37:25-28; 45:4-5

Itang 39:3, 23

Itang 42:25

Kuva 3:10; Guteg 6:18-19

Kuva 7:14, 22-23; 8:15; 9:34

Ibyak 7:42

Abal 20:7-8

Guteg 2:32-36

Guteg 3:1, 3-6

Guteg 8:18

Guteg 3:28

Kuva 23:24, 31; Guteg 7:2, 24;

9:3b

Yos 6:3-5

Yos 8:2-22

Yos 10:19a, 20-21

Yos 11:8b-9

Abac 7:16-22

Abac 14:1-3

59

Igihe Fretheim avuga ku uburyo Imana “ikeneye” ibyaremwe, bibwirizwa kwumvikana neza yuko iba irimo ivuga yuko

Imana inyura mu byaremwe byayo kugira ngo ikore, bitari mu buryo bw’ako kanya cyangwa se bwa hafi: “Nta tegeko

rigenga ibinyabuzima na rimwe rivuga yuko icyaremwe cyikoresha, noneho Imana ikabona kuzanamo uruhare rwayo. Buri

gihe, ubushake bwo gukora no kwinyagambura buturuka ku Mana. Habwirizwa kubaho uruhare rw’imbaraga zo mu buryo

bw’ubumana mbere y’uko icyaremwe kigira icyo gikoze. . . . Imana ni Yo ituma buri kintu mu isi gikora cyangwa se

cyinyagambura mu nzira iganisha ku ntego cyihaye. Bityo, Imana ishoboza kandi ihagurutsa ibiremwa yahaye ubwenge,

nka bo sōko (rukozi) ya kabiri bo gukora, s’ukubaha imbaraga zo gukora mu buryo rusange byonyine, ahubwo mu buryo

bw’umwihariko ikabaha ubushobozi ku mirimo imwe n’imwe yo mu buryo bwihariye.” (Berkhof 1949: 189)


132

Samusoni yica abafilisitiya 1000

Benyamini aneshwa na Isirayeli

Abana ba Eli banga kumwumvira

Sauli anesha Abamaleki

Abigayili asabira imbabazi Nabali

Inama ya Hushayi yemerwa

Dawidi anesha abanzi be

Dawidi akora icyaha cyo kubara abantu

Urupfu rwa Yowabu

Ugucikamo ibice kwa Isirayeli na Yuda

Ahabu ajya mu ntambara &atsinda Aramu

Ahabu ajya mu ntambara & aricwa

Rabushake asubira mu gihugu cye &

arapfa

Hezekiya akira uburwayi bwe

Urupfu rwa Sawuli

Abafilistiya n’Abarabu batera Yuda

Yuda ineshwa & Urupfu rwa Amaziya

Gutegura urusengero no gusubizaho

ukuramya

Yuda itsindwa & urupfu rwa Yosiya

Imana ivugira mu bahanuzi bayo

Yuda isenywa na Babuloni

Iteka ryemerera Abayuda gusubira i

Yerusalemu no kwubaka urusengero

Ezira agirirwa ubuntu

Nehemiya agirirwa ubuntu

Imigambi y’abanzi b’Abayuda ihindurwa

ubusa

Inkike z’i Yerusalemu zubakwa

Amagorwa ya Yobu

Iremwa ry’abantu

Ugutsindwa kw’abansi ba Dawidi

Imikurire y’ibiterwa

Kwubaka inzu cyangwa se ubuturo bundi

Kurinda umujyi

Imigambi, amagambo n’ibikorwa

by’abantu

Ibyemezo bifatwa n’abantu

Yuda iterwa na Ashuri

Isirayeli isenywa

Babuloni isenywa

Egiputa isenywa

Kuro atera imbere

Urupfu rw’abagabo b’i Anatoti

Baruku & Yeremiya binyegeza umwami

Gogi itera Isirayeli

Isenywa rya Edomu

Yona ajugunywa mu mazi

Imvura ibura mu gihugu

Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu rwubakwa

Imyandikire n’ubuhamya bwa Bibiliya

Abantu baza kuri Yesu kwakira agakiza

Yesu agurishwa

Yesu abambwa

Abac 15:18

Abac 20:28

1 Sam 2:25

1 Sam 15:2

1 Sam 25:32

2 Sam 17:14

2 Sam 22:18-20, 40-42, 48-49

2 Sam 24:1

1 Abami 2:32-33

1 Abami 12:22-24

1 Abami 20:13, 28

1 Abami 22:19-23

2 Abami 19:6-7

2 Abami 20:5-6

1 Ngoma 10:14

2 Ngoma 21:12-16a

2 Ngoma 25:14-16

2 Ngoma 29:36

2 Ngoma 35:20-21

2 Ngoma 15-16

2 Ngoma 36:15-17; Jer 21:8-

10; Ezek 5:7-11, 13

Yer 16:15; 29:10-14; 2 Ngoma

36:22; Ezira 1:1; 6:14

Ezira 7:6, 9-10, 27-28

Neh 2:8

Neh 4:15

Neh 6:16

Yobu 1:12, 21-22; 2:6

Yobu 10:8; 31:15; Ps 139:13-

16

Zab 18:17-19, 43a, 47-48

Zab 104:14a-b

Zab 127:1a

Zab 127:1c

Imig 16:1b, 9b

Imig 16:33b

Yes 7:17-20; 8:5-8

Yes 9:8-21

Yes 13:1-5

Yes 19:1, 2a, 4a

Yes 45:1-7

Yer 11:22a, 23

Yer 36:26

Ezek 38:1-6, 16

Obad 8-9

Yona 2:3

Hag 1:9, 11

Hag 1:14

Mat 19:4-5; Yoh 5:37-38; 2

Tim 3:16; 2 Pet 1:20-21

Yoh 6:37, 44, 65; Ibyak 13:38

Luka 22:22a

Yes 53:10; Ibyak 2:23; 4:28

Abac 15:14-16

Abac 20:29-48

1 Sam 2:22-25

1 Sam 15:3-6

1 Sam 25:14-31

2 Sam 17:5-14

2 Sam 22:38-39, 43

2 Sam 24:10, 17; 1 Ngoma 21:1-

4

1 Abami 2:31, 34

1 Abami 12:16-20

1 Abami 20:14-21, 29-30

1 Abami 22:29-37

2 Abami 19:7

2 Abami 20:7

1 Ngoma 10:4

2 Ngoma 21:16b-17

2 Ngoma 25:17-28

2 Ngoma 29:5-35

2 Abami 23:29; 2 Ngoma 35:22-

24

2 Ngoma 15-16

2 Abami 25:8-21; 2 Ngoma

36:17-19; Yer 21:8-10; Ezek

5:12

2 Ngoma 36:22-23; Ezira 1:1;

6:14

Ezira 7:6, 9-10, 27-28

Neh 2:7-9

Neh 4:11-14

Neh 3:1-32; 4:6, 21-22; 6:3, 15

Yobu 1:13-19; 2:7

Itang 4:1; 5:3; Yobu 14:1; Zab

51:5

Zab 18:37

Zab 104:14c

Zab 127:1b

Zab 127:1d

Imig 16:1a, 9a

Imig 16:33a

Yes 7:17-20; 8:5-8

Yes 9:8-21

Yes 13:1-5

Yes 19:2b-3, 4b

Yes 45:1-7

Yer 11:22b

Yer 36:19

Ezek 38:7-16

Obadiya 6-7

Yona 1:15

Hag 1:5-6, 10

Hag 1:14

Itang 2:24; Luka 24:27; Yoh

5:46-47; Ibyak 26:22

Yoh 6:37,44,65; Ibyak13:38;

Luka 22:21, 22b; Yoh 13:21-27

Mariko 14:43-15:39; Ibyak

2:23; 4:27


133

Agakiza ku bizera

Ibikorwa byiza by’abizera

Agakiza kagera ku bantu i Korinto

Inkuge irengerwa, Paulo n’abasera

barokoka

Ubutumwa bubwirizwa

Itotezwa ry’Abakristu

“Ihwa mu mubiri” wa Paulo

Ukurindwa kw’abera

Abantu bakurikira “abashukanyi”

Aho abantu berekeza & icyo bakora cyose

Ibikorwa bya “maraya,” “abami cumi,”

n’ “inyamaswa” byo mu Byahishuwe

Yoh 1:12-13; Abef 2:8-9

Yoh 3:21; Abef 2:10; Abafil

2:13

Ibyak 18:10b

Ibyak 27: 22-25, 34

1 Abakor 2:4

1 Abakor 4:7-11

2 Abakor 12:7-9

1 Abates 5:23-24

2 Abates 2:11

Yak 4:13-15

Ibyah 17:17

Yoh 3:36; Abar 10:12-17

Yoh 3:21; Abef 2:10; Abafil

2:12

Ibyak 18:9-10a

Ibyak 27:30-32, 38-44

1 Abakor 2:4

Ibyah 6:9-11

2 Abakor 12:7

1 Abates 5:12-22

2 Abates 2:9-10, 12

Yak 4:13-15

Ibyah 17:1-16

C. Imana nziza kandi ishobora byose irakenewe kugira ngo habeho kuganira ku cyiza n’ikibi Abantu basanga bitoroshye guhuza uburyo Imana yaba ari nziza rwose kandi ikaba itavugirwamo mu

buryo bwuzuye, hejuru y’ibyo ikaba itwara isi irimo ikibi n’icyiza. Na none, igitekerezo kirwanya Imana

cyemeza yuko ibintu bimwe na bimwe ari bibi koko: “Kuvuga ngo ikintu ni kibi bigafatwa nk’uko ari uguca

imanza, na none imanza nta cyo zivuze i ruhande rw’igipimo cy’ingeso nziza. . . . Ikibi nticyaba kikibaye ikibi

keretse igihe ingeso nziza zituzuye. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, ikibi kirahari. Ni cyo gituma abantu bakijyaho

impaka. Nuko rero, igipimo cy’ingeso nziza na cyo kirahari.” (Koukl 2013: “The Presence of evil” = “Ukubaho

kw’ikibi”) Tutibagiye ko inkomōko zishoboka zitandukanye z’ibipimo by’ingeso nziza, icyiza n’ikibi, “Imana

ifite ingeso zitunganye rwose ni Yo yonyine ikwiye gufatwaho nk’igipimo . . . iki ni cyo umuntu yaheraho

avuga ku kibi” (Koukl 2009: 138; reba na none Koukl 2013: “One remaining Answer” = “Igisubizo kimwe

gisigaye”; Lewis 1996:45-46; Craig 1997: 9-12; 2007: n.p.). Mu yandi magambo, byari ngombwa ko habaho

igipimo nyacyo kugira ngo umuntu amenye nimba ikintu ari kibi cyangwa se cyiza; ukuri cyangwa se ikinyoma,

ingeso nziza cyangwa se ingeso mbi—kandi icyo kureberaho n’Imana gusa.

N’utemera ko Imana ibaho, existentialist (ubwenge bushingiye ku cy’uko isi ari ubusa, umuntu ari

wenyine muri iy si; ni we ufite inshingano zo kwitunga ubwe), umunyabwenge Jean-Paul Sartre yemeye

ibikurikira: “Uwo mugabo . . . asanga byaba bibabaje igihe Imana yaba itabaho, kuko ukwo kutabaho kwayo

byahita bikuraho n’ukwiringira yuko hariho indangagaciro mu ijuru rigengwa n’ubwenge. Bityo, ntibyaba

bigishobotse yuko habaho icyiza icyo ari cyo cyose [n’ukuvuga, ukuri kwo mu urwego rusange rw’ubwenge

kutagendera munsi y’inama cyangwa se inararibonye], mu gihe hataba hariho umutimanama utunganye kandi

wuzuye wo gutekereza ukwo kuri. Nta ho byanditswe yuko ‘icyiza’ kibaho, yuko umuntu abwirizwa kuba

umwizerwa cyangwa se ko abwirizwa kubeshya, mu gihe twaba tugendera mu ndege irimo abagabo gusa. Igihe

kimwe Dostoevsky yanditse ati, ‘Nimba Imana itabaho, noneho umuntu yaba yemerewe gukora icy’ashaka’. . . .

Buri kintu cyose kiremewe nimba Imana itabaho, noneho umuntu agendera munsi y’ingaruka nyinshi kuko ata

kintu na kimwe yubaha, haba imbere muri we, cyangwa se inyuma. Yagiye kubona yuko nta buryo azashobora

kwiregura. Kuko . . . nta wuzashobora gusobanura igikorwa cy’umuntu afatiye ku rugero rwa kamere y’undi

kiremwa-muntu. . . . Cyangwa se ku rundi ruhande, nimba Imana itabaho, ni hehe twabona indangagaciro

cyangwa se amabwiriza twashingiraho mu ukwemeza imyitwarire yacu. Bityo, haba inyuma cyangwa se imbere,

nta na hamwe twabona urwitwazo cyangwa se ibisobaauro.” (Sartre 1946: n.p.) Richard Taylor, umunyabwenge

kandi impuguke mu bijyanye n’imyatwarire, utari Umukristo, yemeza ibisa n’ibyo avuga ati, “Isi tugezemo,

yaba iha agaciro gake cyangwa se kenshi igitekerezo cy’umucamanza wo mu buryo bw’ubumana, yagerageje na

none kugumizaho ibitekerezo bishingiye ku ngeso nziza cyangwa se mbi, adashingiye ku cy’uko, mu gushyira

Imana ku ruhande, baba bashyize ku ruhande agaciro k’ingeso zishingiye ku ukuri cyangwa se ku kinyoma. . . .

Igitekerezo cy’uko ari ngombwa kugira ingeso nziza ntishobora gushingira ubwenge mu gihe nta Mana ibaho.”

(Taylor 1985: 2-3, 84) Bityo, umunyabwenge uhakana Imana J. L. Mackie yanzura avuga ati, “N’ukuri yuko

ikibazo kivuga ku ikibi ntikigaragaza yuko nta huriro riri hagati y’inyigisho ngenderwaho zigisha ubumana”

(Mackie 1982: 154).

Ingaruka z’ibi n’izo mu nzego ebyiri: (1) Dushyize Imana n’Ijambo ryayo ku ruhande, n’ukuvuga,

urufatizo nyarwo tureberaho ukuri n’ikinyoma n’inshingano zo kugendera mu ngeso nziza, tuba twishyizeho

icyaha n’ikibi, kandi Imana ihita idufata nk’ababibazwa. (2) “Ikibazo gishingiye ku kibi” n’icyo mu urwego rwo

hejuru, cyane cyane ku bahakana Imana n’abandi batizera Imana yo muri Bibiliya kuruta uko byaba bimeze ku

Bakristo. Abatizera ntibagira urufatizo rwo mu buryo busobanutse, bukwiriye kandi bwumvikana [rwo mu

buryo bufatika ubwarwo; rutivuguruza ubwarwo] rwo kuvuga ko itegeko cyangwa se igikorwa cy’abantu, mu

by’ukuri kandi mu buryo bwemewe na bose, kidashingiye ku ukuri, ko ari kibi, ko ari ikinyoma cyangwa—


134

hatitawe ku uburyo icyo gikorwa cyangwa se iryo tegeko kibabaza ugikorewe, kimunyunyuza imbaraga,

kirangwamo ukwikunda, cyangwa se kiganisha ku urupfu. Greg Bahnsen abivuga atya: “Ku ruhande rumwe, we

[utizera] yizera kandi avuga nk’uko igikorwa runaka (urugero, gufata abana ku ngufu) s’ukuri ubwabyo, ariko

ku rundi ruhande akizera kandi avuga nk’uko igikorwa be n’icyo cyaba kidakwiriye mu gihe uwo muntu

(cyangwa se umuco) ahitamo indangagaciro zidafite aho zihurira n’ibi (urugero, kwishimisha, umunezero

abenshi bashoboka bahuriraho, umudendezo). Igihe abatizera bo bemeza yuko abantu ari bo bishyiriraho

ubwabo indangagaciro zibagenga, utizera agashimangira yuko abarimo bakora ibibi, ata kibi barimo bakora

by’ukuri, ushingiye ku ndangagaciro bihitiyemo ubwabo. Muri ubu buryo, utizera urimo witotombera ubwo

bukozi bw’ikibi atanga ibimenyetso bishyigikira iyo myitwarire, n’ubwo mu rundi ruhande, uwo utizera yifuza

gushyigikira yuko be n’iyo myitwarire itemewe—ni ‘mibi.’

Bityo, icyo tubona n’uko utizera, mw’ibanga rye, abwirizwa kugendera ku uburyo bwa Gikristu bwo

kubona isi! Kurwanya Imana gukeka yuko kwemera Imana ari ikintu cyihariye.

Ku utizera, ikibazo cy’ikibi gishingiye ku ubwenge kuruta ku uwizera. Jye nk’Umukristu, ndashobora

kwubaka igitekerezo kizima giturutse ku ukuzinukwa n’ukurwanya ifatwa ku ngufu ry’abana. Abatari abakristu

bo nta ntibabishobora. Ibi ntibisobanura yuko nshobora gutanga ibisobanuro ku uburyo Imana ikora icyo ishaka

mu uguteganya amagorwa n’ubukozi bw’ikibi muri iyi si. Uburyo utari umukristu abona isi (mu buryo bwose

bushoboka) ntashobora guha agaciro be n’izo ngeso mbi. Ntibishobora gutanga ibisobanuro ku miterere

ishingiye ku ukuri kandi idahinduka ku bijyanye n’ibigenga ingeso z’umuntu nk’icyiza n’ikibi. Bityo, ikibazo

cy’ikibi n’ikibazo gishingiye ku ngeso kubera ukutizera.” (Bahnsen 1991: Igice cya 2, “Mbese Utizera

Arumva”)

Uburyo Bibiliya isobanura ubwiza bw’Imana n’ubutavugirwamo bwayo ku bijyanye n’uburyo ikibi

kibaho urabisanga mu bice bikurikira.

D. Mu Ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana hejuru y’ibiba byose harimo n’ubutavugirwamo bwayo hejuru y’icyaha

n’ikibi, ariko bikaba mu buryo itabarwaho icyaha cyangwa se ikibi Imana irera, n’inyakuri, irakiranuka kandi ni nziza (Itang 18:25; Kuva 34:6-7; Abal 11:44; Yobu

34:10-12; Zab 5:4; 136:1; 145:17; Habak 1:13; Abar 1:18; Yak 1:13), ariko na none icyaha n’ikibi bibaho.

N’ubwo abantu benshi bagerageza gukingira ikibaba Imana bavuga yuko ata ruhare na rumwe ifite mu cyaha

n’ikibi (baherereza ikibi cyose kuri Satani cyangwa se kuri nyiri kugikora), Bibiliya yerekana ishusho yo mu

buryo busobanutse kandi bunini. Ku ruhande rumwe, “Ikibi s’ikintu cyaremwe igihe Imana yaremaga ibindi

bintu. S’ikintu cyo mu buryo bufatika na gato. Imana yaremye ibintu byo mu buryo bugaragara, harimo n’isi

n’abantu bayituyemo. Umugambi w’Imana wari uwo kugira ngo tujye tugira icyo dukoze kuko yaturemanye

ubushobozi bwo kubikora. Ariko ntiyaremye ibyo dukora, kandi ntibikora mu mwanya wacu. Bityo,

ntidushobora kuvuga yuko Imana yari ifite umugambi wo kuturemera kugira ingeso mbi ngo n’uko ibyo bihari

mu isi yacu. Imana yagize umugambi, kandi yaranawusoshoje, wo kurema abantu cyangwa se ibintu byo gukora

ibyo bikorwa (byaba bibi cyangwa se byiza).” (Feinberg 2001: 788; reba na none Adams 1991: 59 [“Imana

yategetse ngo icyaha kibeho mu buryo bw’uko abantu ubwabo (n’ukuvuga ngo badashyizweho igitugu kandi

bihwanye na kamere zabo) bahamwa n’icyaha cyabo”]; Koukl (2012: n.p.) Ku rundi ruhande, abanditsi ba

Bibiliya nta soni bagira yo kuvuga yuko, mu buryo burimo amayobera, (amayobera atuma Imana itabarwa nka

Yo ishinjwa ikibi) isōko nya yo y’ibibi byinshi. . . . Imana ntihagarara inyuma y’ikibi mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo

ihagarara inyuma y’igikorwa cyiza. . . . Habaho intera hagati y’Imana n’abantu bayo igihe bakora icyaha. . . .

Muri make, n’ubwo twashobora kubura inzego twashyiramo icyo kibazo mu buryo bugaragara, na none,

tubwirizwa gushyigikira yuko hariho igicucu cy’Imana inyuma y’icyiza n’ikibi mu mirongo bigenderamo

itarebana.” (Carson 1994: 28, 36-37)

Iyi Mana nyene ni Yo ikwiye kubazwa ikibi cyose kibaho kubera yuko itavugirwamo hejuru ya buri

kintu cyose, “mpera mu itangiriro nkavuga iherezo” (Yes 46:10), kandi yashyizeho umugambi usobanutse ku

byaremwe byose, harimo n’ikibi, irimo isohoza (Imig 16:4; Yes 46:8-11). Na none, imibanire y’Imana

“igendera ku mirongo itarebana” inyuma y’icyiza n’ikibi bisobanura yuko “Imana igendera inyuma y’ikibi mu

buryo bw’uko ikibi kitabera mu busitani bw’ubutavugirwamo bwayo, kandi icyo kibi ntikiyibarweho: kibarwa

kuri ya sōko yacyo yo mu urwego rwa kabiri, mu mpamvu zo mu urwego rwa kabiri. Mu rundi ruhande, Imana

ihagarara inyuma y’icyiza mu buryo bw’uko, hejuru y’uko kibera mu busitani bw’ubutavugirwamo bwayo,

kibarwa kuri Yo, kikabarwa ku isōko yacyo mu urwego rwa kabiri.” (Carson 1990: 1990: 213). Mu yandi

magambo, Imana ntibarwaho ikibi mu buryo bw’uko yafatwa nka Yo sōko y’ububi bw’ikibi cyangwa se

ubunyabyaha bw’icyaha. Bityo, Dennis Johnson avuga yuko “n’ubwo gucirwaho iteka nk’uko byahishuwe mu

buryo bw’impanda zigenda zikurikirana [mu Ibyahishuwe] biza biva ku gicaniro cyo mu ijuru ku mugambi

w’Imana [Ibyah 8:1-19], intonganya zishingiye ku ukurimburwa kw’isi ntizitura ku umuremyi utagira icyaha,


135

ahubwo zigwa kuri bariya bashuka ba kiremwa-muntu bakagomera Imana na Kristo wayo, babiba ukwikubira,

gukekana ibyaha, ishyari, n’ubwanzi bihungabanya isi n’abayituye [Ibyah 8:20-21]” (Johnson 2001: 154n.13;

reba na none Itang 4:1-7; Yes 10:5-16; Habak 1:1-11; Hag 1:5-11; Ibyak 2:22-24).

Berkhof na we arabisobanura muri aya magambo: “Nta mwanya n’umwe icyaremwe gikora ubwacyo

bitanyuze mu bushake no mu bubasha bw’Imana. Kuko ari muri Yo dufite ubugingo bwacu tugenda turiho,

Ibyak 17:28. Iki gikorwa cyo mu buryo bw’ubumana gikurikira igikorwa cy’umuntu kuri buri rwego,

hatabayeho icy’uko Imana yavutsa umuntu umudendezo we. Igikorwa gihora cyakozwe mu mudendezo

w’umuntu, kuko ari we uguma ukibazwa. Ubu buryo bubiri bwo guhatana ntibukomoka mu ukumenya [isōko

rya mbere] ry’igikorwa cyangwa se [isōko rya kabiri]. Mu buryo bugaragara, igikorwa gikomoka muri ayo

masōko yombi. Na none, umuntu kandi akomeza kuba ari we rukozi rwa buri gikorwa. Bavinck abisobanura

anyujije mu rugero rw’uko ishyamba rishya, Imana ikemera ko rishya, ariko mu buryo bwumvikana, uku gushya

ntigushobora kubarwa ku Mana, ahubwo ni ku ishyamba ubwaryo nka ryo rukozi.” (Berkhof 1949: 189)

Ibi turabisanga muri Yakobo 1 hasobanura uburyo icyaha kibaho. Yak 1:2, 12 hashima abantu bahura

n’ “ibigeragezo” bitandukanye bakabyihanganira. Yak 1:13-15 havuga hati, “Umuntu niyoshywa gukora ibyaha

ye kuvuga ati, Imana ni Yo inyoheje”, kuko bidashoboka ko Imana yoshywa n’ikibi, cyangwa ngo na yo igire

uwo ibyohesha. Ahubwo umuntu yoshywa iyo akuruwe n’ibyo ararikiye bimushukashuka. Irari riratwita

rikabyara icyaha, icyaha na cyo kirakura kikabyara urupfu.” Amagambo “ukugeragezwa” n’ “ukwoshywa”

yombi afite ihuriro, n’ukuvuga, izina n’inshinga bifite inkomōko imwe y’ijambo ry’Ikigiriki (peirasmos

[ikigeragezo] na peirazō [gushuka]). Ariko, amateka agendana na yo ni yo atanga itandukaniro hagati y’aya

magambo yombi: Imana idushyira mu bintu kugira ngo idushyire ku gipimo—harimo amateka aho dushukwa

ngo dukore icyaha, n’aho iba izi neza yuko turi bukore icyaha—ariko ntiduhendahendera kwinjira muri icyo

cyaha. Ahubwo, ibishukira umuntu gukora icyaha bituruka imbere muri we: “Ibikorwa bibi bituruka imbere mu

muntu cyangwa se mu isōko ya kabiri, urugero Satani, ariko ugushaka kubikora guturuka mu umuntu:

“Ibikorwa bibi bidudubiza biva mu byifuzo by’umuntu. Ibyifuzo ubwabyo si byo bibi, si na byo bikora ibibi . . .

ariko igihe bizamuka kugera ubwo bitugeza ku ukutubaha amategeko agenga ingeso zacu nk’uko yashyizweho

n’Imana, muri icyo gihe tuba twarangije gukora icyaha. Ibyifuzo si byo nkomōko y’icyaha byonyine, ariko,

kubera ubushake bw’umuntu, amarangamutima ye, ubwenge bwe, bigahita byinjira muri urwo rugendo

ruganisha ku cyaha. Ariko Yakobo avuga yuko ikigeragezo n’igikorwa kiranga icyaha bitangirira ku byifuzo

byacu.” (Feinberg 2001: 789)

Imana yemera kandi itegeka yuko icyaha kibaho, atari kubera ububi n’ubunyabyaha bw’icyaha

ubwacyo, ariko kubera “intego n’impamvu zirangwamo ubwenge, zera, kandi zitunganye hejuru y’izindi zose”

(Edwards 1984, Freedom = Umudendezo, §IX: 76; reba na none Piper 2000: 107-31). Kubera iyo mpamvu,

Randy Alcorn avuga yuko Imana “yateguye uhereye kera kose yuko ikibi kibaho kandi yuko izagihinduramo

icyiza. . . . Birashoboka yuko wategura ikintu uzi neza yuko uzakigeraho udakoresheje agahato. Nta gitugu

Imana yashyize kuri Adamu na Eva ngo bakore icyaha, ahubwo yarabaremye ibaha umudendezo kandi yemera

ko Satani aboneka, izi neza yuko bazahitamo ikibi kandi izi na none yuko icyo yari gukora mu mugambi wayo

wo gucungura kizabyara ikintu kirusha icya mbere ubwiza.” (Alcorn 2009: 226-27)

Nuko rero, abantu bashobora kuba bafite intego runaka igihe bakora ikibi (urugero gukora ikibi), ariko

Imana yo ikaba ifite indi ntego (urugero, kuzana icyiza) mu ukwemera yuko icyo kintu kibaho. Imana ishobora

gukorera mu byo yaremye idakoresheje agahato kugira ngo igere ku bitandukanye n’ubushake bwabo n’ibyifuzo

byabo (n’igihe ibyifuzo byayo cyangwa se intego yayo byaba bitandukanye n’iya bariya) kandi ikaba ata cyaha

yakoze muri ibyo (n’ubwo ibyaremwe byayo byo byaba byabikoreyemo icyaha) (reba Imig 16:2). Kuba Yosefu

yaragurishijwe ngo ajye gukora ibikorwa by’ubucakara (Itang 45:4-8; 50:20; Zab 105:17), kuneshwa kwa

Yuda imbere ya Isirayeli (2 Ngoma 28:1-15), Ashuri itera Isirayeli (2 Abami 19:20-31; Yes 10:5-16), Babuloni

isenya Yuda (Ezek 11:5-12; Habak 1:5-11), Yesu agambanirwa na Yuda (Mat 26:20-24; Yoh 6:64), Kayafa,

abatambyi bakuru, n’abafarisayo bajya inama yo kwica Yesu (Yoh 11:47-53), Herode, Pilato, Abanyamahanga

n’Abisirayeli babamba Yesu (Yes 53:3-10; Ibyak 2:22-23; 4:27-28), ibi byose n’ingero zihamya ibi.

Ibi n’amayobera adashobora kwumvikana ku urwego rwacu, kubera yuko imibanire hagati y’Imana—

nk’Imana itagira iherezo, imenya byose, Umuremyi ushobora byose—n’ibyaremwe bifite iherezo, nta yindi

mibanire ihwanye n’iyi (n’ukuvuga nta kindi gisa na yo) kandi nta ho ihuriye n’imibanrie hagati y’icyaremwe

n’ikindi cyaremwe (Talbot 2005: ubutumwa bwo mu buryo bw’amajwi).60 Ikindi, Imana imenya ibizaba mu

60

Hashingiwe ku ubwenge, ijambo risobanura imibanire hagati y’Imana n’umuntu ni “uburyo ibintu bibiri bishobora

kugendana”: Imana ntivugirwamo na gato, ariko ubutavugirwamo bwayo ntibukora mu buryo bw’uko uruhare rw’umuntu

rugabanywa cyangwa se ngo rukurweho (n’ukuvuga, biremwa muntu ntibifatwa nka za ‘robots’ cyangwa se nk’ibishusho

by’abana); bityo, biremwa muntu n’ibyaremwe bifite ubwenge bwo guhitamo uko bashaka kandi bagakora ibyo bashaka ,

harimo no kwigomeka ku ubushake bw’Imana bwashyizwe ahagaragara, kandi bakaba babazwa buri kintu cyose cyavuye


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buryo bwuzuye—harimo n’iherezo ryabyo hamwe n’ibizaba mu gihe kizaza kigufi na kirekire, ingaruka ya hafi

n’iy’igihe kirekire ya buri jambo, igikorwa n’ibindi bishobora gushika. Buri kintu ni kimwe mu bigize

umugambi mugari w’Imana. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya igihe cyo gushyiraho cyangwa se cyo kwemera

ikibi cyangwa se imibabaro, n’igihe cyo kutabyemerera kubaho. Bityo rero, ni Yo yonyine ishobora kubona

yuko kiremwamuntu (utazi Imana mu buryo buhagije) yagerageza guhagarika ikibi n’imibabaro.

E. N’ubwo icyaha n’ikibi biri mu bigize umugambi nyamukuru w’Imana, Yo ihora irwanya icyaha n’ikibi Kumbure, kubera impamvu ikomeye, n’ubwo kuba icyaha n’ikibi bibaho biri mu mugambi w’Imana,

Imana irarwanya icyaha n’ikibi. Ibi biva muri kamere yayo nk’Imana year, itabera, ikiranuka kandi nziza.

Habak 1:13 havuga yuko Imana “Ufite amaso atunganye, adakunda kureba ikibi, haba no kwitegereza

ubugoryi.” Urugero rw’ibi ruri muri Yoh 11:1-44 havuga ku urupfu rwa Lazaro, uwo Yesu yazuye imukuye mu

mva. Urupfu, na none, rwinjiye mu isi nk’ingaruka y’icyaha (Itang 2:17; Abar 5:12-14). 1 Abakor 15:26 hita

urupfu “umwanzi wa nyuma.” Igihe yegeraga imva ya Lazaro, Yoh 11:38 havuga yuko Yesu “yasuhuje

umutima” (cyangwa se yaborogeraga imbere mu mutima,” NKJV). Timothy Keller avuga yuko “ubu buryo bwo

gusimura ntibushyiramo imbaraga mu magambo. Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki rikoreshwa n’umwanditsi w’Ubutumwa

Bwiza Yohana risobanura ‘gutontoma n’uburakari.’ N’ijambo ritangaje.” (Keller 2013: 136, reba Zodhiates

1993: “embrimaomai,” 574 [“gutontoma, guturagara n’umujinya”]) Keller arakomeza, “Nuko Yesu rero

ararakara cyane imbere y’ikibi, urupfu, n’imibabaro, n’ubwo ari Imana, ntarakazwa n’ubusa. Ibi bisobanura

yuko ikibi n’umwanzi w’ibiremwa byiza Imana yaremye, kandi ni n’umwanzi w’Imana ubwayo. Misiyo ya

Yesu ngaha ku isi kwari gufata ikibi akakirangizaho.” (Keller 2013: 137) D.A. Carson yongeraho avuga yuko

Imana “ihagaze hejuru yacyo ikirwanya [icyaha; ikibi; ingeso mbi], mu buryo Jambo ahinduka umwagazi

w’intama w’Imana ukura icyaha cy’isi, umujinya w’Imana na wo ugarahagara mu umwanya wo kukirwanya

cyane ([Yohana] 1:29; 3:36)” (Carson 1994: 160-61).

Aya ni yo mayobera ku bijyanye n’ikibi yo mu urwego rwo hejuru kuruta andi, imibabaro, n’urupfu—

yuko Imana yaje mu isi,na Yo ubwayo igendera munsi y’ikibi, imibabaro n’urupfu mu umuntu Yesu Kristo.

N’ubwo Yesu yari atunganye mu buryo bwuzuye kandi atigeze akora icyaha, yahisemo kwikorera icyaha

n’isoni, no kuriha ikiguzi cyabyo; ikiguzi cyari gihanitse cyane. “Mu rukundo yadukunze, Imana yiciriye

urubanza rwo gupfa ku bwacu. Ikintu kimwe tudakwiye kuzigera na rimwe tuvuga ku Mana—yuko idatahura

ibijyanye n’uguhabwa akato mu buryo bwuzuye, kubabazwa cyane, no gupfa urupfu rurangwamo amagorwa. . .

. Abantu bamwe na bamwe ntibiyumvisha uburyo Imana yaremye isi abantu bazababarizwamo cyane. Mbese

ntibyumvikana kurushiriza uburyo Imana yarema isi ata muntu yigeze kuyibabarizwamo kuruta uko

byayigendekeye?” Alcom 2009: 214-15) (Alcorn 2009: 214-15)61

F. Umuntu ashobora gushyiraho ikigereranyo hagati y’uburyo Imana yemera ko icyaha n’ikibi biba

bifitanye isano risa n’iriri hagati y’izuba n’umwijima hamwe n’ubukonje “Hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’uko Imana yumva ifite impuhwe, kubera uburyo yemera , mu buryo

bw’igikorwa ubwacyo, yuko ikintu izi neza yuko ari icyaha kibaho (n’ubwo icyo gikorwa ubwacyo kizakurikira

uruhushya rwayo,) no kuba yumva impuhwe yuko icyakozwe ubwacyo kigaragaramo icyaha; cyangwa se hagati

y’uko ari Yo yatanze itegeko ko bibaho, kuba itabihagaritse, mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi, no kuba ari

Yo yabiteguye kandi ikabikora, inyujije mu mukozi mwiza cyangwa se igatuma bishoboka. . . . Nk’uko hariho

itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’uko izuba ari ryo ritanga umucyo n’ubushyuhe bw’ibihe, n’ukubengerana

kw’izahabu cyangwa se kwa safiro, kuba rihari bikagira ingaruka nziza; no kuba ari ryo rituma habaho

mu mahitamo yabo n’ibikorwa byabo, ariko ibi ntibikora bityo mu buryo bw’uko Imana yabirēbēra gusa. Mu yandi

magambo, Imana ishobora gutegura ibintu byose uko ibishaka kandi neza; biremwa-muntu bakora icyo bashaka bakurikije

amahitamo yabo (n’ukuvuga, Imana ntibashyiraho igitugu ngo bakore ibinyuranye n’ibyifuzo byabo n’ubushake bwabo),

ariko ntibafite ububasha busesuye bwo gukora ikirwanya ubushake Imana yagennye uhereye kera kwose (reba Carson

1994: 163-67, 201-22; Carson 1990: 199-227; Feinberg 2001: 625-796; Alcom 2009:258-69). 61

Ukubambwa kwa Kristo kwerekana mu buryo bwuzuye yuko ukugendana (compatibilism) kwaba ari ukw’ukuri igihe

Imana ari Yo iyobora kandi ari nziza kandi yuko abantu na bo ari bo begwa n’ibyo bakora. D.A. Carson arasobanura:

“Nimba umugambi wabaye uw’abagambanyi bonyine, nyuma Imana ikabizamo mu munota wa nyuma kurwana kugira ngo

habeho ukunesha, nuko rero Imana si Yo yari yacuze uwo mugambi w’umusaraba kandi ntibyari intego yayo, kandi iyo

yari yo mpamvu yatumye Imana yohereza Umwana wayo mu isi—ibi na byo ntibyoroshye kwumva. Ku rundi ruhande,

nimba Imana yari Yo itekereza imigambi yonyine, noneho umwana w’umuntu akaba ari igikinisho kiri aho gusa ata cyo

cyabazwa, noneho byaba ari ubusazi kuvuga ubugambanyi, cyangwa se icyaha—bityo nta cyaha cyatuma Kristo

agikurishaho urupfu rwe, bityo ni kuki byabaye ngombwa ko apfa? Imana yari mu gikorwa cyayo mu buryo

butavugirwamo igihe cy’urupfu rwa Yesu; biremwamuntu bari babi igihe bicaga Yesu, n’ubwo basohozaga ubushake

bw’Imana; kandi Imana na Yo yari nziza mu buryo bwuzuye.” (Carson 1990: 212)


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umwijima n’igikonyozi mu ijoro, n’iki cy’uko rimanuka rikarenga. Igikorwa cy’izuba n’umwanya wo gutanga

akanya ngo habeho ibindi bintu; ariko si ryo riba ritumye ibyo bintu biba, cyorohereje kubaho kwabyo cyangwa

se cyatumye bibaho; n’ubwo byabaye ingaruka y’ukwo kurenga ku izuba: dushingiye kuri ibyo, twashobora

kuvuga yuko, nta na rimwe ubushake bw’umuntu bwakwitirirwa igikorwa yakoze, ahubwo cyakwitirirwa

Imana. Bityo, byaba byemewe yuko ari kubera ububasha bw’Imana ikibi cyakozwe aho byaba kubera ubushake

bw’abantu. Nimba izuba ryari kuba ari ryo mpamvu nyayo ituma habaho ubukonje n’umwijima, ryari kuba ari

ryo sōko y’ibi bintu nk’uko ari ryo sōko y’umucyo n’ubushyuhe: . . . ibi ntibisobanuye yuko izuba ubwaryo riri

umwijima kandi ko rikonje, kandi imirasire yaryo ari umukara. Ariko, kuba ukuzimangana kwaryo ari kwo

gutuma ibyo bintu bibaho, nta huriro ryaba rihari, ahubwo biratandukanye; . . . kuba ibi bijyanye kandi bifatanye

n’ukuzimangana kwaryo, bihita biza bishyigikira icy’uko izuba ari sōko y’umucyo n’ubushyuhe. Nuko rero,

nk’uko icyaha kitajya kigira ihuriro na rito n’ikintu cyiza cyangwa se umukozi mwiza, cyangwa se ngo kibe

kigaragaramo ishusho y’Uwiteka Imana, ahubwo, kikaba cyatewe n’uko Imana yakuyemo igikorwa cyayo

n’ubushobozi bwayo, kandi, mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se bundi, kuba ata cyo yabikozeho ntibisobanura yuko

yakoze icyaha, cyangwa se ko yakoze ikibi, cyangwa se yuko yaba ifite uruhare muri iki kibi cyakozwe;

ahubwo, bitandukanye n’ibyo, ukubaho kw’Imana n’igikorwa cyayo ni byiza kandi birera, kandi ni Yo

nkomōko y’ukwera kwose. Byaba bitangaje kwumva yuko abantu batigera bakora icyaha, keretse igihe Imana

ibatereranye, bityo bagakora icyaha kubera yuko Imana yabigenjeje ityo, yuko icyaha kitabakomotseho, ahubwo

yuko cyakomotse ku Mana; bityo kandi yuko Imana ari kiremwa cy’ikinyabyaha: Ibi bisa n’uko twavuga yuko

buri gihe izuba rirenze umwijima uhita ukurikiraho, umwijima ukaba utashobora kubaho igihe izuba rihari,

bikaba byaba bisobanuye yuko umwijima ukomoka ku zuba, muri icyo gihe imirasire yaryo n’umubumbe waryo

na byo byaba bibaye umwijima gusa.” (Edwards 1984, Freedom, §IX: 77)

G. Kubera yuko mu mwanya umwe Imana ishobora kurebera ikintu kibaye mu “ndorerwamo yo mu buryo

bwaga” hamwe no mu “indorerwamo yo mu buryo bugari”, ishobora gufata icyemezo “cyangwa se

igashyiraho iteka” mu bushake bwayo bwo mu ibanga ariko icyo cyemezo kikaba kibujijwe mu ubushake

bwayo bwahishuwe “cyangwa se bwavuzwe mu mategeko yayo” Guteg 29:29 haravuga hati, “Ibihishe n’iby’Uwiteka Imana yacu, ariko ibyahishuwe n’ibyacu

n’urubyaro rwacu iteka, kugira ngo twumvire amagambo yose y’aya mategeko.” Mu gihe ibyanditswe bimwe

na bimwe bivuga yuko Imana “ishaka ko abantu bose bakizwa” (1 Tim 2:4; reba na none Ezek 18:23, 2 Pet

3:9), hariho n’ibindi bivuga yuko atari abantu bose bazakizwa, ariko Imana yagiye irobanura bamwe na bamwe

idashingiye ku kintu na kimwe (Mat 11:27; Yoh 1:12-13; 6:37-39, 44, 65; 10:25-29; Ibyak 13:48; Abef 1:4-5,

11; 2:8-9). Howard Marshall aravuga ati, “Kuba Imana yifuza yuko abantu bakizwa ntibisobanura yuko bose

bazitabira ubutumwa bwiza, bagakizwa. Tubwirizwa gutandukanya icyo Imana yifuza kubona gishika n’icyo

ishaka ko kibaho, kandi ibi byombi byashobora kwitwa ubushake bw’Imana.” (Marshall 1989: 56,

(icyashingiweho cyongeweho) John Piper yongeraho avuga ati, “Kwemeza ubushake bw’Imana bwo gukiza

abantu bose, “i ruhande rw’ibi hakabaho ukwemeza yuko hariho ukurobanura kwa bamwe , bivuga yuko mu

Mana harimo ‘ubushake bwo mu nzego ebyiri’, cyangwa se yuko mu Mana harimo ‘ubushake bubiri’ cyangwa

se uburyo bubiri bw’ubushake. Bisobanura yuko Imana ishyiraho uburyo bumwe ibintu bimwe bizagenda, mu

gihe na none hazasohora ibitandukanye n’ibyo bya mbere. Iri tandukaniro mu buryo Imana yifuza bwavuzweho

mu buryo butandukanye mu binjana byatambutse. S’ikintu kivuzweho bushya. Urugero, abamenyekanishamana

bavuze yuko hariho ubushake bushingiye ku ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana, n’ubushake bushingiye ku mbabazi,

ubushake bugeza ku ntego n’ubushake bushingiye ku ukugondozwa (ukwingingwa), ubushake bwo mu buryo

bw’ibanga n’ubushake bwashyizwe ahagaragara, ubushake bw’itegeko n’ubushake bw’ugutegeka, ubushake

bushingiye ku iteka (itegeko) hamwe n’ubushake bushingiye ku itegeko ryo mu kibano.” (Piper 2000: 109)

Piper asobanura inzira imwe y’ibi: “Imana ifite ubushobozi bwo kureba isi inyuze mu ndorerwamo

ebyiri. Ishobora kuyirebera mu ndorerwamo yaga (nto), cyangwa se mu ndorerwamo yagutse (nini). Igihe ireba

ikintu kibabaje cyangwa se kibi ikirebeye mu ndorerwamo yayo yaga, ibona akaga cyangwa se icyaha

kigendana na ko, igahita irakara cyangwa se ikumva agahinda. ‘Sinishimira ugiye gupfa ko yapfa, ni ko Uwiteka

Imana avuga’ (Ezekieyeli 18:32). Ariko Imana ireba ikintu kiruhije cyangwa se kibi inyujije mu ndorerwamo

yagutse, ibona akaga cyangwa se icyaha kijyanye na buri kintu kikaganishaho cyangwa se buri kintu cyose

kigikomokamo. Ikirebera muri buri kintu cyangwa se uruvange rw’ibintu byerekeza ku iteka ryose; urwo

ruvange rw’ibintu, mu bice byarwo byose (ibibi n’ibyiza) yishimira (Zab. 115:3)” (Piper 2000: 126)

Jonathan Edwards arabisesengura kandi akongeraho igihwanye na byo, avuga ati, kubera yuko Imana

ishobora kubonera ikintu kimwe mu “ndorerwamo yaga” n’ “indorerwamo yagutse,” ishobora kubuza no guhana

“ikibi nk’ikibi” cyakozwe n’abantu n’ubwo yemeye yuko icyo kibi kibaho ku mpamvu zayo nziza. “Nta

gufatira ibintu hejuru kwaba kurimo tuvuze yuko Imana yaba yanga ikintu kubera uko kimeze ubwacyo, kandi


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kubera yuko gifatwa nka kibi, kandi byashobora kuba ari ubushake bwayo ko gisohora, izi n’ingaruka kiri

bubyare. . . . Ni ko abantu bazakora icyaha kubera yuko ar’icyaha, bakaba ari bo bagiteguye, bakaba ari na bo

bari bubishire mu bikorwa: baragikunda nk’icyaha, bazi n’intego n’impamvu zabyo mbi. Imana ntiyemerera

icyaha guka, cyangwa se kubera ikibi cyose; n’ubwo ar’ibyishimo kuri Yo gutegeka ibintu byose, kubera ko

ibyemeye, icyaha kizabaho, kubera icyiza cyo mu urwego runini, icyo ni cyo kizaba ingaruka nziza yacyo.

Ubushake bwayo bwo gutegeka ibintu kugira ngo ikibi kibeho, kugira ngo icyiza gitandukanye na cyo gisohore,

ntibisobanura yuko itanga ikibi, nk’ikibi ubwacyo: Nimba ari uko bimeze, nta mpamvu iriho yasobanura uburyo

itabuza ikibi kubaho, no kugihana nk’uko kiri.” (Edwards 1984, Freedom, §IX: 78-79; reba na none Piper 2000:

107-31; Edwards, Remarks ch. 3: 525-43) Mu ngero z’ibi harimo yuko Imana ikoresha Ashuri guhana Isirayeli

kubera icyaha cyayo; nyuma igahana Ashuri kubera ubwirasi bwayo (Yes 10:5-19); igahagurutsa Babuloni

gusenya Isirayeli nyuma igashinja Babuloni ukutubaha Imana kwayo (Habak 1:5-11); itegeka ukugambanirwa

n’ukubambwa bya Yesu no kwatura amagorwa ategereje uwo muntu wamugambaniye (Mat 26:24; Mariko

14:21; Luka 22:22). Timothy Keller aravuga ati, “N’igipimo gikomeye. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikibi gifatwa mu

mwanya wacyo nk’ikintu kibaho. Kandi hariho ibyirirngiro bidakuka yuko impera n’imperuka ntikizigera

kinesha.” (Keller 2013: 141)

Urundi rugero rw’ingenzi rugaragaza ihuriro ry’ibi n’uko Umukristu ashobora kwizera mu mutima we

yuko ukubaho kw’ikibi s’ikintu kirwanya ukubaho kw’Imana cyangwa se impuhwe zayo, kuko Imana ifite

impamvu ihagije ishingiye ku ubumuntu yo gushyiraho no kwemera yuko igikorwa kigaragaramo ikibi kibaho

n’ubwo itaba yaduhishuriye iyo mpamvu. Greg Bahnsen avuga ati, “Nimba Umukristu yizera yuko Imana ari

nziza mu buryo butunganye kandi bwuzuye—nk’uko Ibyanditswe bibidutegeka—bityo, afite inshingano yo

gusuzuma buri kintu cyose cyo mu mateka ye akurikije icyo yizera. Na none, igihe Umukristu areba ibikorwa

bibi bishika mu buzima cyangwa se ibintu byo mu isi, yari akwiye kandi ashobora kugumya icyo yizeye ku

bijyanye n’impuhwe z’Imana abihuje n’uko Imana ifite impamvu yumvikana ishingiye ku ubwenge kuri icyo

kibi kibaho. Nta gushidikanya yuko Imana ishobora byose kugira ngo ibe Imana; ntitekerezwe nk’iremerewe

cyangwa se ikomwa mu nkokora n’ikibi muri iyi si. Imana ni nziza, Umukristu azabyatura atyo--bityo buri kibi

tuzahura na cyo kizaba gihuye n’impuhwe z’Imana. Ibi n’ukuvuga yuko Imana yateguye ibibi ku mpamvu

zumvikana kandi nziza” (Bahnsen 1991: Part 2, “Resolving the Alleged Paradox” = Kubonera igisubizo Impari

Zavuzwe; reba na none Erlandson 1991: “The Anti-theist Cannot Generate = Uhakana Imana Ntashobora

Kurema”) Aburahamu na we yabibona atya igihe yavuga ati, “Umucamanza w’abari mu isi bose ntiyakora ibyo

kutabera” (Itang 18:25, KJV) Paulo yari afite uburyo busa n’ubwo bwo kubibona igihe yavugaga ati, “Ahubwo

Imana iboneke ko ari inyangamugayo, n’ubwo umuntu wese yaba umubeshyi” (Abar 3:4).

Urugero rwa gatatu rw’ingenzi rugaragaza ihuriro n’uko amateka y’ibanga cyangwa se amategeko

ahishwe n’uko ukubaho kw’icyaha n’ikibi mu isi bitavuguruza ubushake bw’Imana bwahishuwe ku bijyanye

n’uburyo twari dukwiye kubigenza. Nuko rero “Ubushake bubiri” bw’Imana buhabanye n’igitekerezo cy’uko

ibintu bishika uko byiboneye. Randy Alcorn aravuga ati, “Nimba Imana yemera yuko habaho ivangura

rishingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu, ubucakara, n’ugucuruza abana gushingiye ku gitsina, ni kuki tubwirizwa

kubirwanya? Impamvu n’iyi ngiyi: Bibiliya iravuga ku bijyanye n’ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana, ariko

igahamagarira abantu kugira icyo bakora, kuvugira ahagaragara tubirwanya no gufasha abakene n’abatishoboye

(reba, urugero, Imigani 31:8-9—Iki n’ikintu gihabanye ku urwego rwo hejuru n’uburyo ibintu bijya bisohora

uko bibonye.” Alcorn 2009: 263) Muri make, ku mpamvu zayo zumvikana itaduhishuriye, Imana yemeye kandi

itegeka yuko icyaha n’ikibi bizabaho muri iyi si kugeza ubwo Kristo azagarukira ku isi, ariko na none,

yaraduhishuriye “icyiza” n’icyo idushakaho: Ni ugukora ibyo gukiranuka, no gukunda kubabarira, no

kugendana n’Imana yawe wicisha bugufi” (Mika 6:8; reba na none, urugero, Guteg 10:12-13; Mat 5:38-48;

6:14-15; 18:21-35; 22:36-40; 25:31-46; Mariko 9:41-42; Luka 6:27-38; 12:33; Abef 4:25-5:21; 1 Tim 6:17-19; Yak 1:27).

H. Kubera yuko Imana ari Yo cyiza cyo mu urwego rwo hejuru rushoboka, icyaha n’ikibi birakenewe kugira

ngo impande zose z’umwimerere n’imiterere y’Imana zishyirwe ahagaragara mu buryo bunonosoye “Imana n’imwe. Ni yo Yonyine mu bibaho byose ikwiriye kuramywa.” (Piper 2010: 51) Ni yo sōko

y’ubutungane bwose: urukundo, impuhwe, ukuri, ukwera, ugukiranuka, ubutabera, ubuntu, imbabazi, etc. Nuko

rero, icyubahiro cyayo kiri hejuru y’ibindi bintu byose (reba, urugero, Yes 43:6-7; Habak 2:14; Yoh 7:18;

14:13; Abar 11:36; 15:8-9; 9:22-23; 1 Abakor 10:31; 1 Pet 4:11; Ibyah 21:23). Nuko rero, buri kintu Imana

yashyizeho—harimo icyaha n’ikibi—kiri mu mugambi munini, wateguwe mbere y’uko isi ibaho, wo kwerekana

icyubahiro cy’Imana, icyubahiro cya Kristo, n’ubwiza bw’ubuntu bw’Imana muri Kristo (reba, urugero, Zab

24:1-10; 148:1-13; Yoh 11:1-4; 13:31-32; 17:1-5, 22-24; Abar 5:12-21; 8:28-29; 9:19-23; 11:32-36; Abef 1:3-6; Abafil 2:6-11; 2 Tim 1:8-9; Abaheb 2:9-10; Ibyah 13:8; 15:3). Charles Hodge avuga ati, “Kumenya


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Imana ni bwo bugingo buhoraho. Ni cyo cyiza cyo hejuru kuruta ibindi byose ku byaremwe. Uguteza imbere

ubwo bumenyi, ugushyira ahagaragara ubutungane bw’Imana itagira iherezo, ni byo ntego yo hejuru kuruta

izindi zose z’ibikorwa byayo byose. . . . Mu gihe icyubahiro cy’Imana ari yo ntego yo hejuru y’ibintu byose, si

ngombwa yuko dutekereza yuko iyi ari yo si nziza kuruta izindi zose twaboneramo umunezero, cyangwa se

twatungiramo urwego rwo hejuru rw’ukwera hagati mu byaremwe bigengwa n’ubwenge. Icyo cyubahiro

cyakoranywe ubwenge kubera intego cyateguriwe, na cyane-cyane ishyirwa ahagaragara ry’ubutungane

bw’Imana.” (Hodge 1981: 435-36)

Mu Abaroma, Paulo aravuga uburyo Imana yagennye ko icyaha n’ikibi bibaho kugira ngo impande zose

z’imiterere yayo zerekanwe: “17

Ibyanditswe byabwiye Farawo biti, “Icyatumye nkwimika, n’ukugira ngo

nkwerekanireho imbaraga zanjye, kandi ngo izina ryanjye ryamamazwe hose mu isi yose’. . .22

None se bitwaye

iki niba Imana, n’ubwo yashatse kwerekana umujinya wayo no kugaragaza imbaraga zayo, yihanganiranye

imbabazi nyinshi inzabya z’umujinya zari zikwiriye kurimbuka? 23

kugira ngo yerekanire ubutunzi bw’ubwiza

bwayo ku nzabya z’imbabazi, izo yiteguriye ubwiza uhereye kera hose” (Abar 9: 17, 22-23) Mu gutanga

ibisobanuro kuri iyo mirongo, Hodge aravuga ati, “igihano cy’umunyabyaha s’igikorwa gikorwa ihutihuti,

kitagira icyo kigamije keretse kumubabaza; cyashyiriweho kwerekana umujinya Imana ifitiye icyaha, no

kumenyesha imiterere yayo nyakuri. Ku rundi ruhande, agakiza k’umukiranutsi kashyiriweho kugaragaza

ubutunzi bw’ubuntu bwayo.” (Hodge 1886: 319)

Jonathan Edwards arasobanura impamvu ukubaho kw’icyaha n’ikibi ari ngombwa kugira ngo impande

zose z’imiterere y’Imana zishyirwe ahagaragara: “N’ikintu gikwiriye kandi cy’intashyikirwa igihe icyubahiro

kitagira iherezo kirabagiranye; kandi kubera iyo mpamvu nyene, ni byiza yuko icyubahiro kiba cyuzuye;

n’ukuvuga, yuko impande zose z’icyubahiro cyayo zirabagirane, kugira ngo buri bwiza bwose burabagirane ku

gipimo gikwiriye [burabagirane, bubengerane, busayangane], kugira ngo ubireba agire igitekerezo gihamye

cy’uburyo Imana imeze. Ntibikwiriye yuko ubwiza bumwe bushyirwa ahagaragara birenze, ubundi na bwo

ntibushyirwe ahabona na gato. . . . Kubera iyo mpamvu nyene, ntibikwiriye yuko ubwiza bumwe bushyirwa

ahagaragara mu buryo burenze, ubundi na bwo bugashyirwa ahagaragara gato. . . . Bityo, ni ngombwa yuko

icyubahiro giteye ubwoba cy’Imana, ubutware bwayo, ubunini bwayo buteye ubwoba, ubutabera bwayo, ukwera

kwayo, bikwiye kugaragazwa. Ibi na byo ntibyashoboka mu gihe icyaha n’igihano bitateganyijwe. . . . Nimba

bitari byo yuko Imana yari ikwiriye gutegeka, kwemerera no guhana ikibi, nta buryo ukwera kw’Imana mu

bijyanye n’urwango ku cyaha, cyangwa se mu kugaragaza yuko ukwuhaba Imana ari cyo kiza imbere y’ibindi.

Nta kugaragaza ubuntu bw’Imana byaba birimo cyangwa se ubwiza nyakuri, iyaba hatariho icyaha gikeneye

kubabarirwa, ubutindi dukeneye kuvanwamo. . . . Nk’uko ari ngombwa ko habaho ikibi, kuko ukugaragazwa

kw’icyubahiro cy’Imana kwaba kutuzuye icyo kitahari, bityo rero, ikibi kirakenewe kubera umunezero wo mu

urwego rw’intashyikirwa w’ibyaremwe, n’umwuzuro w’ikiganiro cy’Imana, icyo yaremeye isi; kuko umunezero

w’icyaremwe ushingiye mu ukumenya Imana, no gusobanukirwa urukundo rwayo. Iyo ukuyimenya kutuzuye,

n’umunezero w’icyaremwe na wo uhita uba uw’urwo rugero.” (Edwards 1986, Remarks, ch. 3: 528; reba na

none Piper 1998: “2.2 Ni kubera iki Imana igena?” ; Erlandson 1991: “Intumbero ya Bibiliya ” [“Ugukiranuka

n’ubutabera bishyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye atari mu gihe icyiza kigororewe honyine, ahubwo

n’igihe ikibi na cyo gihanywe. Ubuntu n’imbabazi bigaragazwa mu buryo bwuzuye igihe ababihabwa baba

batabikwiriye na gato. . . . Ubuntu n’imbabazi na none bigaragazwa uko bikwiriye mu isi aho ukugwa

kw’umuntu kwarangiriye mu urupfu rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka, atari ugukomereka uruhande rumwe byonyine.

Umuntu urwaye mu buryo bw’umwuka abwirizwa gusaba ukuboko kwamusubiza mu mbabazi z’Imana.

Umuntu wari warapfuye rwose nyuma agasubizwa mu buntu bw’Imana, uwo ni we uzamenya aho Ubuntu

bw’Imana bugera.”]; Edwards 1984, The End: 94-121; Hodge 1981: 435 [“nuko rero icyaha, dukurikije

ibyanditswe, kiremewe kugira ngo ubutabera bw’Imana bumenyekanire mu gihano cyacyo, Ubuntu bwayo na

bwo bukagaragarira mu mbabazi zayo. Ibyaremwe byose bibayeho bitazi iyi miterere byaba bihwanye n’isi yaba

iriho itagira umucyo uturuka ku zuba.”] Piper 2003: 17-50; Piper 2010: 39-54). Byari bikwiye kwibukwa yuko

ubwiza bw’Imana na kamere yayo biterekanwa kubera abantu bo muri iyi si gusa, ahubwo no ku byaremwe

byose, harimo n’abacunguwe mu ijuru hamwe n’abamarayika (reba Zab 19:1; Mat 18:10; 1 Abakor 4:9;

Abakol 2:15; Ibyah 15:3-4).

I. Imana ntishobora gukuraho ikibi mu gihe idahise ikuraho kiremwa muntu n’isi nk’uko tubizi John Feinberg avuga ati, mu ubugwaneza bwayo n’ubwenge bwayo, Imana yahisemo kurema isi ituwe

na ba kiremwa-muntu. Hariho ibintu byakoreshwa mu gusobanura icyo kuba umuntu biri: Ibi na byo bituma

abantu batandukana na ba kiremwa muntu bo mu urwego ntashyikirwa, cyangwa se bo mu urwego rwo munsi

y’abantu. N’ubwo bagenda batandukana umwe n’undi, abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, bafite

amarangamutima, ubushake, ibyifuzo, intego (zishingiye ku byo bifuza kugeraho), n’ubushobozi bwo kugenda.


140

Ikindi, Imana yatugeneye gukoresha ubu bushobzi bwo kubaho no gukora mu isi yagenewe ibyaremwe nk’uko

natwe turi. Bityo rero, yaremye isi yacu igendera ku mategeko yo mu buryo busanzwe [reba, urugero, Yobu

38:25-27; Mat 5:45]. . . . Icya nyuma, intego y’Imana yari iyo gukora ibiremwa byo mu buryo bwuzuye haba

mu ruhande rw’imyizere, cyangwa se rw’imyitwarire (ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire, ukwuzura kwacu

ntigusobanura yuko tubaho tudakora ikibi, ahubwo kubera yuko tudafite ugutungana kwuzuye kw’Imana kwo

mu ruhande rw’imyitwarire. Muri make, Imana yari ifite umugambi wo kurema biremwa-muntu bitaramywa,

ariko kandi atari abo mu urwego rwo munsi y’umuntu cyangwa se abantu bo ku urwego ntashyikirwa, cyangwa

se utumana.” (Feinberg 2001: 788)

Imana ntishobora kwivuguruza (urugero, gukora inyabune yo mu buryo bw’uruziga cyangwa se kurema

urutare idashobora kwikorera). Bityo, Imana ntishobora gukuraho ikibi gishingiye ku myitwarire, kubera yuko

“iyo Imana ikora ibyari bikenewe kugira ngo isi yacu yange ikibi gishingiye ku myitwarire, yari kuba

yivuguruje mu ntego zayo zo kurema biremwa muntu n’isi nk’uko yabikoze; bigatuma natwe tutamenya neza

nimba ifite ibiyiranga birenze ibyo tuyiziho; cyangwa se ngo ikore icyo tutari tuyitezeho cyangwa tutashaka ko

ikora, kuko ibyo byazana ikibi kinini kiruta icyari kihasanzwe.” (Ibid.: 789) Mu magambo arambuye, Feinburg

aravuga uburyo bwinshi kandi budahinduka Imana yari gukoresha mu kugabanya ubwenge bw’abantu,

amarangamutima yabo, ugushaka kwabo, ibyifuzo cyangwa se ibigize ibyo byifuzo, intego zabo, n’ingendo

bakoresha imibiri yabo, cyangwa se ikagira icyo ihinduye ku mategeko agenga isi, gutuma icyaha n’ikibi

bitabaho (Ibid.: 789-95). No gutuma umuntu ahitamo guhora akora icyiza mu mudendezo we na byo ubwabyo

byasaba gutunganya bushya ubuzima bw’ibindi bintu (Ibid.: 790). Muri make, ntihari kubaho isi nk’uko tuyizi

cyangwa se abantu nk’uko tubazi. Feinburg yanzura avuga ati, “Mbese Imana yigeze ikora ikintu kidakwiye

igihe yaremaga ba kiremwa-muntu? Ntibiyigeze bibaho, turebye agaciro kanini umuntu afite hamwe n’agaciro

Imana idushyiraho. Nk’ikintu cyo guhera kera, dushobora kuvuga yuko ikibi cyaje kizananye n’isi yuzuyemo ba

kiremwa-muntu. Ariko na none, ni muri zo si nyene zishoboka Imana iba yararemye. Imana n’Imana nziza. Isi

yacu yuzuyemo ba kiremwa-muntu igaragaza ubugwaneza bwayo (Imana).” (Ibid.: 795) Ikigamijwe aha ngaha

s’uko Imana ikoresha ikibi kugira ngo igere ku cyiza (nk’uko byanditswe mu Abar 8:28), ahubwo ukubaho

kw’abantu ku isi imeze irtya na byo n’ “agaciro ku mu urwego rwa mbere,” n’ukuvuga, icyiza hagati mu kintu

ubwacyo, atari icyiza kivuye mu kibi cyari kihasanzwe. Ba kiremwa-muntu ni bakora ibyiza kandi bakwiye

gushimirwa hatitawe ku cyaha n’ibibi dutera.

J. Ikibi cyose Imana yemera kandi itegeka ko kibaho kizanira icyiza ibyaremwe cyo mu urwego rwo hejuru

kurushiriza Paulo yavuze ati, “Tuzi yuko ku bakunda Imana byose bifatanyiriza hamwe kubazanira ibyiza, ari bo

bahamagawe nk’uko yabigambiriye” (Abar 8:28). Imwe mu mpamvu yatumye Imana ishyiraho ikibi n’uko

rimwe na rimwe ikibi kizana icyiza kuruta icya mbere ku bantu bo muri ibi bihe . Charles Hodge atanga ingero

kuri ibi: “Uguca umuntu igice cy’ukuguru kwe cyangwa se cy’ukuboko kwe ni icyaha; ariko mu gihe bikozwe

mu urwego rwo gukiza ubuzima, ni byiza. Intambara n’ibintu bibi biteye ubwoba, na none isi nta deni ifite mu

gihe ari intambara zigamije ubwigenge bushingiye ku ugushaka ubwigenge bw’idini n’ubw’abaturage, ibyo

bitwara igiciro gito…Bityo, nimba icyaha ari yo nzira ikenewe iganisha ku cyiza cyo mu urwego rwo hejuru,

muri rusange, kandi bijyanye n’ubushake bw’Imana bwo kwemera ko biba.” (Hodge 1981: 432-33) Urugero

rwiza rwa Bibiliya ni Yosefu wagurishijwe na benese ngo abe umucakara nyuma akajya kubabwira, “ku

bwanyu mwari mushatse kungirira nabi, ariko Imana yo yashakaga kubizanisha ibyiza, kugira ngo isohoze ibi

biriho none, ikize abantu benshi urupfu” (Itang 50:20).

Icyiza kinini Imana irimo ikora n’ubwo yabinyuza mu kibi kirimo gitangira none kandi kikaba kijyanye

n’ubuzima bwo ku muntu ku giti cye. Bityo, Imana iri kumwe natwe mu mibabaro turimo ubu (reba, urugero

Guteg 31:6, 8; Zab 22:24; 23:4; 34: 18; 94:14; Yes 41: 10, 17; 43:2; 53:4; 63:9; Yoh 14:16-20; Abar 8:35-39; 2 Abakor 1:3-7; 4:8-10; 12:7-10; Abafil 4:12-13; Abaheb 13:5; 1 Pet 4:12-19). Uwiteka azi ibyo turimo

tunyuramo kandi akadushoboza kwihangana no kubisohokamo dufite izina rishya (reba, urugero, Zab 119:71;

Mat 5:10-12; Ibyak 5:40-42; 1 Abakor 10:13; 2 Abakor 1:3-4; 4:16-17; Abafil 3:10; 4:6-7; Yak 1:2-4; 1

Pet 1:6-7; 2:19-21; 5:10). Nk’uko Paulo abivuga, “Twishimira no mu makuba yacu, kuko tuzi yuko amakuba

atera kwihangana, 4kwihangana na kwo kugatera kunesha ibitugerageza, uko kunesha kugatera ibyiringiro,

5

ibyo byiriniro na byo ntibikoza isoni, kuko urukundo rw’Imana rwasābye mu mitima yacu ku bw’Umwuka Wera

twahawe (Abar 5: 3-5; reba na none Yak 1: 2-4). Imana ifata ibyari agahinda kacu ikabihinduramo umunezero

(Zab 30:11; Yer 31:13; Yoh 16: 20). Ibindi bintu Imana ikoresha n’ibibi n’imibabaro mu guhindura uburyo

twifata imbere yacu ubwacu. “Biducisha bugufi kandi bikirukana muri twe uburyo twiha icyubahiro n’ubwirasi

bitagira aho bishingiye. Bitwereka uburyo turi inzabya zimeneka. . . . Icya kabiri, imibabaro izahindura cyane

imibanire yacu n’ibintu twita byiza mu buzima bwacu. Tuzatangira kubona yuko twari dutangiye guha agaciro


141

ko mu urwego rwo hejuru birengeje ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu buzima bwacu. . . . Icya gatatu, kandi kiri

hejuru y’ibindi byose, imibabaro ishobora gukomeza imibanire yacu n’Imana kuruta uko ikindi kintu icy’ari cyo

cyose cyashobora kubikora. . . . Icya nyuma, imibabaro ni ngombwa mu gihe twifuza gukoreshwa n’Imana mu

gufasha abandi bantu, na cyane-cyane, igihe banyura mu mibabaro yabo.” (Keller 2013: 190-92)

Ariko ntaho Bibiliya idusezeranira yuko buri cyaha n’ikibi bizarangirira mu cyiza cyo mu urwego rwo

hejuru kurushiriza cyangwa se ngo iherezo muri ubu buzima ribe ryiza. Timothy Keller avuga ati,

“Bitandukanye n’uburyo abizera babifata, Abakristu bizera yuko umubabaro ari ikintu kije mu buryo

bw’akarengane kandi burenze uko byashobora kwihanganirwa. Mu ubuzima, nta kuri kubamo. Abantu

babayeho ubuzima bwiza si ko bose bakora ibitunganye. . . . Umubabaro ukunze kugera ku bantu mu buryo

buteye ubwoba kandi butarangwamo umurongo, kandi akenshi bigera ku muntu asa n’uko nta kibi abarwaho.”

(Keller 2013: 29, 94). Ikibazo kijyanye n’ugutekereza yuko muri ubu buzima tuzahabonera ibyiza gusa,

ubutabera nyabwo, n’ugutegereza ingororano, biterwa n’uko tuba tureba hafi cyane—kuko igihe dupfuye atari

ho ubuzima bwacu burangirira. Ahubwo, Bibiliya idusezeranira yuko igihe tuzazukira, imibiri yacu izahinduka

mishya, ituye ku isi nshya, yacunguwe, byose tukazaba tubigejejweho n’ukuzuka kwa Kristo (1 Abakor 15:20-

26, 50-58). “Ibi ni byo bivuga ejo hacu hazaza kandi bisobanura yuko . . . ubumuntu bwacu buzatunganywa,

buhindurwe bushya nyuma y’urupfu. Kandi ejo hacu hazaza hazarangwamo urukundo rwuzuye kandi

rutagabanije—urukundo rwacu n’Imana n’urukundo dukunda bagenzi bacu. . . . Ukuzuka kw’umubiri

gusobanura yuko tutabona uguhumurizwa kubera umubiri wacu twatakaje muri iyi si, ahubwo yuko tubona

ugutunganywa kwawo. Mu umwanya wo kubona imibiri n’ubuzima bwacu bya kera, duhabwa imibiri

n’ubuzima twifuzaga ariko tutigeze tubona. Duhabwa ubuzima bwiza cyane, bw’icyubahiro kandi bufite

ubutunzi mu buryo burenze ukwemera kwacu muri iyi si yo mu buryo bufatika izaba yagizwe nshya.” (Ibid.:

42-43, 117). Nyuma tuzabona yuko ikibi kitatubereye intambamyi ku byiza byacu by’iteka ryose, “ahubwo

yuko icyo kibi cyatumye ibyiza birushaho kuba byiza. Ikibi rero cyatugejeje ku gitandukanye n’icyo cyari

kigambiriye.” (Ibid.: 117) Igisekeje n’uko ibi byiza byagezweho kubera ikibi cyakozwe cyo mu urwego rwo

hejuru kuruta ibibi byose byigeze kubaho: Ukugambanirwa n’ukubambwa by’umuntu umwe gusa mu babayeho

bose utunganye, wera, utigeze ukora icyaha—uwo na we ni Yesu Kristo; na none ni kubera uguca bugufi kwe

imbere y’iki kibi n’icyaha byatumye Kristo ashobora kwikorera ibyaha byacu n’igihano cyabigenewe, ariko ni

twe twari tugikwiriye, bityo imbaraga z’ikibi n’icyaha ziba zikuweho, kiremwamuntu aba yiyunze n’Imana,

ubugingo bwacu buba burahindutse.

Ibyo byose bijyanye n’imibabaro yo muri iyi si ntibishobora kugereranywa n’ubwiza buhambaye kandi

bw’iteka ryose Imana izasohoza mu gihe cyabyo (Abar 8:18-21; 2 Abakor 4:16-18; Ibyah 21:1-4). “Igihe

tuzabaho mu mahoro mu Isi Nshya, igihe umunezero uzinjira mu umwuka duhumeka, tuzasubiza amaso

inyuma tureba iyi si turimo, twemere, atari kubera ukwizera ahubwo ari kubera yuko turebesha amaso, yuko

byari bikwiriye ko tunyura muri ibyo bibi no muri uwo mubabaro tuzaba twanyuzemo—kandi yuko uguhinduka

umuntu kwa Kristo n’uburyo yaducunguye byatumye isi n’ijuru bihinduka byiza kurushiriza iteka ryose.”

(Alcorn 2009: 195; reba na none Willard n.d.). Noneho, kuri bariya bacunguwe, inararibonye itazashira kandi

y’iteka ryose y’ijuru rishya n’isi nshya, hejuru y’uko bizatanga uburyo bushya dukora isuzuma ry’ubuzima muri

uyu mubiri” ahubwo bizahanagura amarira n’agahinda byose by’ununtu—uburyo bwose bizaba byari bikomeye,

igihe twari turi muri ubu buzima bwo mu mubiri” (Ferraiolo 2005: “Time Heals All Wounds” = Ibihe bikiza

Imibabaro yose).

Twatangije iki gice dukoresha Abar 8:28, kandi uyu murongo urimo ijambo ry’urufunguzo dukeneye

guhora twibuka. Iryo jambo ni “hamwe.” Abar 8: 28 havuga yuko “ibintu byose—harimo n’ibibi—byose

hamwe bizategekwa n’Imana mu buryo bw’uko ikibi cyari kigambiriwe, nyuma ya byose, bizasohoza

ibitandukanye n’icyo byari byateguriwe—icyubahiro n’ubwiza biruta ibyari gusohora. Imana ni Yo Yonyine

ifite iyo ntumbero yo mu buryo buhoraho n’ingingo ikomeye iyo ireberamo ibintu bikorera hamwe kutuzanira

ibyiza n’icyubahiro cyayo—ariko na none tuzaba muri uriya mwanya kandi tuzanabibona.” (Keller 2013: 301-

302)

K. Ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana, inshingano ya Kiremwa Muntu hamwe n’ukubaho kw’ikibi: umwanzuro Abantu, mu burenganzira bwabo, babaza ibibazo bikomeye ku bijyanye n’ikibi, na cyane-cyane iyo ari

ikibi kibabayeho batakigizemo uruhare cyangwa se kikagera ku bo bakunda kandi b’inshuti zabo.62 Imana ifite

impamvu nyazo kandi zumvikana kuri buri kintu yashyizeho kandi yategetse ko kiba—harimo n’icyo ari cyo

62

Feinberg avuga ati, “Nta kintu gihuye n’ikibazo cy’ikibi. Ku cyiza cyo hejuru kuruta ibindi, ijambo ngo, ‘ikibazo

cy’ikibi’ gihagarariye urutonde rw’ibibazo bitandukanye bihanganye n’ibijyanye n’imenyekanishamana.” (Feinburg

1994:14) Ibibazo duhangana na byo igihe ibibi bitugezeho, bigeze ku nshuti zacu, ibi ni byo Feinburg yita “ikibazo cy’ikibi

gishingiye ku idini.”


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cyose kijyanye n’icyaha n’ikibi—ariko ntiyaduhishuriye izo mpamvu zose, kandi akenshi ntikunze gushyira

ahagaragara impamvu ikibi runaka cyabayeho. Guteg 29:29 hamwe n’imibabaro Yobu yababajwe

birabisobanura neza. Feinberg avuga ati “Dukurikije uburyo tubibona, bigaragara yuko ata huriro ririho hagati

y’ibibi bimwe na bimwe n’ikintu na kimwe kizima, ariko ibi ntibivuze yuko ata kintu kizima kiba kibirimo.

Nk’uko umubyeyi atareka ngo umwana we agume ahagaze mu birori by’umunsi mukuru, bitaduha amakuru

ahagije yatwemeza yuko uwo mubyeyi adakunda umwana we kubera yuko atamwemereye kuguma ahagaze, ni

na ko natwe tutari mu mwanya mwiza wo kutwemeza yuko harimo ikibi cyinshi. . . . Muri ibi bijyanye

n’umwana wifuza kuguma ahagaze mu gihe cy’umunsi mukuru, ntitwashobora kwemeza yuko buri gihe se

atabimwemereye, abikora kubera impamvu isa n’iyi ya mbere. Igihe kimwe, ashobora kumwangira kubikora

kubera yuko umwana afite imbeho, ikindi gihe kubera yuko abashyitsi bahari batifuza yuko uwo mwana aba ari

aho hantu, ikindi gihe na ho akaba yamwima uruhushya kubera bukeye bwaho umuryango we uzajya ahantu

runaka, bityo akaba yifuza yuko umwana we abona igihe gihagije cyo gusinzira. Kimwe n’ibi, ntitwari dukwiye

gukeka yuko mu gihe habaye ibibi bibiri Imana yaba ifite impamvu zibiri zisa. Bityo rero . . . ntitwari dukwiye

kwemeza yuko impamvu yatumye yemera yuko habaho ibibi bibiri bisa ari imwe. Byashoboka yuko ibyo bibiri

bikorera impamvu ebyiri zitandukanye.” (Feinberg 1994: 308-309)

Mu gihe ukubaho n’ukugaragara kw’icyaha n’ikibi mu isi bibujije abantu amahoro, ni na ko

binahangayikishije Imana. Imana izaciraho iteka abakora icyaha n’ikibi, abo barangije gutsindwa n’urubanza no

gucirwaho iteka n’Imana (Itang 18:25; Kub 14:18; Ps 7:8-16; Yoh 3:18; 16:11; Ibyak 10:42; Abar 2:12-16).

Ibikorwa byose bizashyirwa ku munzane, ugukiranuka n’ubutabera ni byo bizatsinda. Kumenya “bidushoboza

kubeshwaho n’ibyiringiro hamwe n’ubuntu; byombi hamwe. Tubyemeye dutyo bituma tubona ibyiringiro

n’imbaraga zidusunikira ku uguharanira ubutabera. Uburyo bwose twagera kuri bike mu byo twifuza muri ubu

bugingo, tuzi yuko ubutabera buzageraho bukanesha—rwose kandi mu buryo butunganye. Ibibi byose—ibyo

twahoze twita ibiteyisoni—bizasubizwa ku murongo. Ariko na none ibi bidushoboza kuba abanyabuntu,

tukababarira, tukirinda n’ukwihorera n’uguhohotera abandi. Kubera iki? Dutekereje yuko nta rubanza rwa

nyuma ruzabaho, igihe twagirirwa nabi, imbaraga tutashobora kurwanya zadutuma gufata inkota no guciraho

iteka iyo nkozi y’ikibi. Ariko mu gihe tumenye yuko nta n’umwe utazahanirwa ibibi yakoze, kandi yuko ibibi

byose bizasubizwa ku murongo, bityo tuzibera amahoro.” (Keller 2013: 116)

Ariko Imana yakoze ikirenze icy’uko izashyira mu rubanza kiremwa muntu bose kubera ibyaha,

amakosa n’ibibi byose bakoze: Imana ubwayo yaje ku isi inyuze mu muntu Yesu Kristo, atura mu isi iyoborwa

n’icyaha n’ibibi; yikoreye icyaha cyacu, ariha indishyi yacyo, kugira ngo abo bose bazamuhindukirira babone

ubugingo, aho kubona urupfu rw’iteka igihe imanza zizacibwa. Dushingiye kuri ibi, Umwanditsi w’inkuru

w’umukristu wo mu gihugu cy’uburusiya Fyodor Dostoevesky yanzuye avuga ati, “Mfite ukwizera

nk’ukw’umwana muto yuko abantu bazakira imibabaro yabo kandi yuko iyo mibibaro izakurwaho. Nizera yuko

ibidusuzuguza byose byo mu buryo budasobanutse bituruka mu makimbirane hagati y’abantu bizayoyoka,

kimwe n’ikibazo cy’intege nke hamwe n’urusobe rw’imitekerereze y’umwana w’umuntu ikozwe mu ishusho ya

Euclide (Umugiriki ukora ibishushanyo bya Geometrie). Nizera yuko igihe isi izarangirira, ibintu byose

bigashyirwa ku murongo mu buryo buhoraho, ikintu cy’agaciro gakomeye kizakoreka, kugira ngo imitima

inyurwe, imitima y’abakorewe iby’urwango ituze, ibyaha byakorewe kiremwa muntu n’amaraso yamenetse

bitwikirwe. Nizera yuko, hejuru y’uko bizashoboka kubabarira, hazabaho ugutsindishiriza abantu kubera

ibyabaye byose.” (Dostoevsky 1957: 217)

UMUGEREKA WA 1—INSHAMAKE Y’IBITABO BYA BIBILIYA

http://www.bible-history.com/resource/r_books.htm

Ibitabo bya Bibiliya n’Inshamake yabyo, nk’uko byakozwe na Rusty Russell

Ibitabo bigize Isezerano rya Kera – Ibitabo 39 byose hamwe

Umuzingo – Ibitabo 5 Itangiriro, Kuva, Abalewi, Kubara, Gutegeka kwa Kabiri

Ibitabo bivuga Amateka – Ibitabo 12 Yosuwa, Abacamanza, Rusi, 1 Samweli, 2 Samweli, 1 Abami, 2 Abami, 1 Ngoma, 2 Ngoma, Ezira,

Nehemiya, Esiteri

Ibitabo by’Imivugo – Ibitabo 5 Yobu, Zaburi, Imigani, Umubwiriza, Indirimbo ya Salomo


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Ibitabo by’Abahanuzi – Ibitabo 17

Abahanuzi Bakuru – Yesaya, Yeremiya, Amaganya ya Yeremiya, Ezekiyeli, Daniyeli

Abahanuzi Bato - Hoseya, Yoweli, Amosi, Obadiya, Yona, Mika, Nahumu, Habakuki, Zefaniya, Hagayi, Zakariya, Malaki

Umuzingo – Ibitabo 5

1. Itangiriro – Uguhanga ishyanga ry’Abaheburayo. Irema, Ukugwa, Umwuzure, gutatanywa kw’amahanga,

Aburahamu, Isaka, Yakobo na Yosefu. Ubucakara muri Egiputa.

2. Kuva – Isezerano n’Ishyanga ry’Abaheburayo. Nyuma y’Imyaka 400, baracyari mu bucakara, Mose, ibihano 10,

Pasika, Gusohoka bava muri Egiputa, ukwambuka Inyanja Itukura, Umusozi Sinayi n’Amategeko agenga Imyitwarire,

Imibanire, n’Imihango.

3. Abalewi – Amategeko agenga ishyanga ry’Abaheburayo. Amabwiriza agenga ibijyanye n’umurimo w’ugutamba

ibitambo n’Ubutambyi. Amabwiriza ajyanye n’ukugira ingeso zitunganye.

4. Kubara – Urugendo rugana mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Na none baracyari ku Musozi Sinayi, abantu bibumbira

ikigirwamana cy’inyana mu izahabu, Igihano bahawe, imyaka 40 yo kuzerera iratangiye.

5. Gutegeka kwa Kabiri – Kwibukiranya Ibijyanye n’Isezerano. Inyigisho za Mose ku byo Imana yakoreye Isirayeli,

Amategeko Cumi, Amategeko agenga imihango, Amategeko agenga Imyitwarire, hamwe no gushyira igikumwe ku

Isezerano.

Ibitabo by’Amateka – Ibitabo 12

1. Yosuwa – Uguhindūra Kanani. Kimwe cya kabiri cya mbere cy’igitabo cya Yosuwa kivuga imyaka 7 ya mbere yo

guhindūra Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Kimwe cya kabiri cya nyuma kivuga ibijyanye n’ugutuza imiryango 12 ya Isirayeli,

buri muryango ugahabwa ubutaka bwawo.

2. Abacamanza – Imyaka 300 ya mbere mu Gihugu. Igihe cy’Abacamanza. Abenshi muri bo bari babi. Abisirayeli

ntibirukanye abatuye Kanani bose, bityo bahita batangira gusenga ibigirwamana byabo. Uruziga rw’inshuro 7 zigizwe

no gutotezwa n’amahanga, kwihana, gutabarwa. Nyuma ya byose, bisanze bananiwe no kugira icyo bakwiga ku

byabagezeho byose.

3. Rusi – Inkomōko y’Umuryango wa Dawidi, ari wo Mesiya akomōkamo. Boasi, umucunguzi wa bugufi, acungura

Rusi, Umunyamowabukazi. Avuga ku ubukiranutsi, urukundo n’ukuguma ku Uwiteka.

Ibitabo 6 bikurikiraho bivuga amateka uhereye kuri Samweli ukageza ku gihe cy’Ubunyage 4. Samweli wa Mbere – Itunganywa ry’Ubwami. Samweli abayobora uhereye ku Bacamanza ukageza ku Umwami

Sawuli.

5. Samweli wa Kabiri - Ingoma ya Dawidi. Dawidi nk’Umwami, ubusambanyi, n’ukwica.

6. Abami ba Mbere – Ubwami bucikamo ibice. Salomo, Isirayeli ihinduka ubwami bukomeye kandi bumenyekana.

Salomo apfa muri 931 MKY, hakurikiraho ugucikamo ibice kw imiryango: 10 ikora ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru

(Isirayeli), 2 isigaye ikora ubwami bw’amajyepfo (Yuda).

7. Abami ba Kabiri – Amateka y’Ubwami bwamaze gucikamo ibice. Abami ba Isirayeli 19 bose bari babi; bityo

bajyanwa bunyage muri Ashuri (722 MKY). Muri Yuda, abami 8 ku Bami 20 bose bashakaga Uwiteka, abandi bose

basengaga ibigirwamana. Ubunyage i Babuloni (586 MKY).

8. Ngoma ya Mbere – Ingoma y’Umwami Dawidi. Gusubiramo amateka ya Isirayeli ukageza ku gihe cy’ubunyage

munsi y’Abashuri no munsi y’Abanyababuloni.

9. Ngoma ya Kabiri – Amateka y’Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo bwa Yuda. Gusubiramo ubuzima bwa Salomo, iyubakwa

ry’Urusengero n’iry’amateka ya Yuda.

Ibitabo 3 bikurikiraho bivuga ku Uguhembuka kwa Isirayeli

10. Ezira – Gutaha bava mu Bunyage. Kuro yemerera abenshi mu Bayuda gusubira mu gihugu cyabo cya Isirayeli.

Zerubabeli ayobora abo bantu (539 MKY). Ezira arabakurikira ajyanye abandi Bayuda (458 MKY). Bubaka

Urusengero rwa kabiri.

11. Nehemiya – Yubaka Yerusalemu bushya. Yubaka Inkuta z’i Yerusalemu. Aritazeruzi, Umwami w’Ubuperesi, aha

Nehemiya uruhushya rwo kujya kwubaka bushya inkike (444 MKY). Haba ububyutse bukomeye cyane mu gihugu.

12. Esiteri – Kurokoka Itsembabwoko. Amateka uhereye ibice bya 6 na 7 bya Ezira. Aritazeruzi, Umwamikazi Esiteri,

Morodekayi na Hamani. Inama yo kwica ubwoko bw’Abayuda.

Ibitabo by’Imivugo – Ibitabo 5

1. Yobu – Ikibazo cy’Ikibi n’Imibabaro. Umukiranutsi urimo upimwa n’Imana. Ibijyanye n’Ubutavugirwamo

bw’Imana.

2. Zaburi – Igitabo cy’Indirimbo ziranga igihugu cya Isirayeli. Zaburi za Dawidi, umugabo udatunganye ariko

wagiraga umutima w’Imana. Kigizwe n’ibice bitanu. Kuramya mu ndirimbo. Insangamatsiko zo mu buryo

butandukanye.

3. Imigani – Ubwenge bwa Salomo. Ubwenge bwo mu buryo bufatika ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bwa minsi yose.

4. Umubwiriza – Iby’isi n’Ubusa. Byose n’Ubusa. Ubwenge bw’umuntu bumeze nk’umuyaga.

5. Indirimbo ya Salomo–Uguha icyubahiro Urukundo hagati y’abashakanye. Indirimmbo hagati ya Salomo


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n’Umugeni we w’Umushulamikazi isobanura ibiranga urukundo hagati y’umugabo n’umugore.

Ibitabo by’Abahanuzi – Ibitabo 17

Abahanuzi Bakuru - Ibitabo 5

1. Yesaya – Umuhanuzi uvuga ibijyanye na Mesiya. Kivuga ku cyaha cya Yuda, nyuma kigatangaza urubanza

rw’Imana. Hezekiya. Uri hafi kuza, uguhembuka n’umugisha.

2. Yeremiya - Imana ihamagarira ubwa nyuma Isirayeli kwihana. Yahamagawe n’Imana kuganira n’ubwoko bwayo

ku bijyanye n’ukwihana hamwe no kwamamaza inkuru y’iteka Yuda izacirwaho, kandi ni ko byasohoye. Umugambi

w’Imana wo gushyiraho Isezerano Rishya Rikuru ryubakiye ku masezerano meza kuruta aya mbere.

3. Amaganya ya Yeremiya – Indirimbo y’agahinda hejuru y’amagorwa ya Yerusalemu. Imivugo itanu y’amaganya.

Ibisobanuro ku ukuneshwa kwa Yerusalemu n’Ukugwa kwayo.

4. Ezekiyeli – “Kandi bazamenya ko ndi Uwiteka .” Yakoreye Abayuda igihe bari mu Bunyage i Babuloni.

Ibisobanuro ku mperuka y’ibihe.

5. Daniyeli–Umuhanuzi wari i Babuloni wavugaga ibijyanye n’Ubwami. Inshuro nyinshi z’iyerekwa rivuga ku bihe

byari gukurikiraho byavugaga ubwami buzategeka isi, harimo Babuloni, Ubuperesi, Ubugiriki, Roma, nyuma ya byose

umunsi wa nyuma w’Ubwami bw’Abaroma.

Abahanuzi Bato – Ibitabo 12

1. Hoseya – Isirayeli yarayobye. Inkuru ya Hoseya n’umugore we Gomeri wamucaga inyuma. Ibi n’ishusho

y’urukundo ruhoraho Imana yakundaga Isirayeli hamwe n’ubusambanyi bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka bwa Isirayeli.

Isirayeli izacirwaho iteka kandi izakizwa.

2. Yoweli – Ubuhanuzi bw’ibihe by’Umwuka Wera. Butangaza ejo hazaza hateye ubwoba hakoreshejwe ishusho

y’inzuki. Gucirwaho iteka kuzaza ariko umugisha ugakurikiraho.

3. Amosi – Ingoma ya Dawidi izaza (Yo mu buryo bwa Mesiya). Yagabishije Isirayeli ku iteka yari igiye gucirwaho.

Isirayeli ntiyigeze yumvira ubutumwa bwo kubagabisha Imana yaboherereje.

4. Obadiya – Isenywa rya Edomu. Ubutumwa bwamamajwe kubera Edomu, igihugu cyari gituranye na Isirayeli;

kubera yuko cyishimiye iteka ryaciriwe kuri Yerusalemu. Ubuhanuzi bwavugaga ugusenywa kw’ibyo bihugu.

5. Yona – Urugendo rugufi rw’Agakiza kuri Ninewe. Yona yamamaza gucirwaho iteka kwa Ninewe kwari hafi. Ariko

barihanye, Ninewe ihita ikira urubanza rw’Imana.

6. Mika – Mesiya azavukira i Betelehemu (Inzu y’Umutsima). Ibisobanuro by’uguhumana kwo mu buryo

bw’imyitwarire mu nzego zose za Isirayeli. Imana izaca urubanza ariko izababarira, inahembure. I Betelehemu ni ho

Umukiza azavukira.

7. Nahumu – Ugusenywa kwa Ninewe. Ninewe yinjiye mu ukuyoba (imyaka igera kuri 125 nyuma ya Yona) kandi

izasenywa. Byose byaje gusohora.

8. Habakuki – Umukiranutsi azabeshwaho n’Ukwizera. Ubwami bwa Yuda bwegereje kurangira, Habakuki yabajije

Imana impamvu itarimo ikemura ikibazo cy’ibyaha bikorerwa muri Yuda. Imana isubiza yuko izakoresha

Abanyababuloni. Habakuki abaza Imana impamvu ikoresha ishyanga ribi kuruta Yuda.

9. Zefaniya – Ukuza kw’Imvugo Itunganye. Insanganyamatsiko y’umunsi w’Umwami n’uguca imanza kwayo

biravugwaho, kimwe n’umugisha uzakurikiraho. Yuda ntizihana keretse amasigarira yabo kandi bazahemburwa.

10. Hagayi – Ukwubakwa bushya kw’Urusengero. Abantu bananiwe gushyira Imana imbere ya byose, igihe buzuzaga

amazu yabo mbere yo kurangiza urusengero rw’Imana. Ibi byatumye ata terambere bageraho.

11. Zakariya – Gusubizamo intege abantu ngo bongere kwubaka urusengero. Zakariya asubiza intege mu Bayuda

kugira ngo barangize igikorwa cyo kwubaka Urusengero. Ubuhanuzi bwo mu buryo bwinshi buvuga kuri Mesiya.

12. Malaki – Ubutumwa bwa nyuma ku ubwoko bwigometse. Ubwoko bw’Imana bukorana intege nke umurimo

w’Imana. Bakomeje kugendera kure y’Imana. Kwifatanya n’abagendera mu ngeso mbi. Kumenyesha abantu ko bagiye

gucirwa urubanza.

Isezerano Rishya – Ibitabo 27 byose hamwe


Matayo, Mariko, Luka, Yohana, Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa

Inzandiko za Paulo – Ibitabo 13 Abaroma, 1 Abakorinto, 2 Abakorinto, Abagalatiya, Abefeso, Abafilipi, Abakolosayi, 1 Abatesalonike, 2 Abatesalonike, 1

Timoteyo, 2 Timoeyo, Tito, Filemoni

Inzandiko zitari iza Paulo – Ibitabo 9 Abaheburayo, Yakobo, 1 Petero, 2 Petero, 1 Yohana, 2 Yohana, 3 Yohana, Yuda, Ibyahishuwe


1. Matayo – Yesu Umwami (Intare). Cyerekana Yesu nka Mesiya. Ibisekuruza bya Yesu kugeza kuri Yosefu uhereye


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ku urubyaro rwa Dawidi. Isohozwa ry’ibyanditswe mu Isezerano rya Kera.

2. Mariko – Yesu umugaragu wababarijwe Umuntu (Indogobe). Cyerekana Yesu nk’Umugaragu. 1/3 cy’Ubutumwa

Bwiza kivuga ku cyumweru cya nyuma cy’ubuzima bwe.

3. Luka – Yesu, Umuntu mu buryo Bwuzuye (Umuntu). Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Luka bwerekana Yesu nk’Umwana

w’Umuntu wazanywe no gushakisha no gukiza icyari cyarazimiye. Ibisekuruza bya Yesu kugeza kuri Mariya uhereye

kuri Adamu (Inyoko muntu yose). Ni bwo Butumwa Bwiza burebure kuruta ubundi bwose. Umwana w’Umuntu

(kamere muntu).

4. Yohana – Yesu, Imana-Muntu, yaje aturutse hejuru (Ikizu). Ubu Butumwa bwerekana Yesu nk’Imana yahindutse

umuntu (Imana mu buryo bw’umubiri), Kristo, ukora ibitangaza n’Imirimo y’Imana kugira ngo mwizere. Umwana

w’Imana (Kamere y’Imana).

5. Ibyakozwe – Ishyirwaho ry’Itorero. Amateka uhereye igihe Yesu yazamukaga mu ijuru ukageza ku ngendo za

kimisiyoneri Paulo yakoze ajya gushinga amatorero.

Inzandiko za Paulo – Ibitabo 13

1. Abaroma – Imiterere y’Umurimo wa Kristo. Isuzumwa ryo mu buryo bwuzuye ku bijyanye n’ugutsindishirizwa,

ukwezwa, n’icyubahiro. Gusuzuma neza ibijyanye n’umugambi w’Imana ku Bayuda n’Abanyamahanga.

2. 1 Abakorinto – Ibibazo byo mu buryo butandukanye mu Itorero. Uru rwandiko ruvuga ku ukwicamo ibice

n’ugukosora kubera ingeso mbi, ukuregana mu nkiko no gukoresha Ameza y’Umwami uburyo butari bwo,

havugwamo kandi ibigirwamana, ibijyanye no gushaka, hamwe n’ukuzuka kw’abapfuye.

3. 2 Abakorinto – Paulo aburanira uburyo ari Intumwa. Paulo arwanira umwanya we nk’Intumwa.

4. Abagalatiya – Ni kubw’Ubuntu, si kubw’Amategeko. Paulo arahakana cyane amakosa ajyanye no kwitondera

amategeko gukabije, agahita atanga insobanuro zihamye ku bijyanye n’umwanya nyawo w’ubuntu mu buzima

bw’Umukristu.

5. Abefeso – Ubumwe bw’Itorero. Umwanya Uwizera afite muri Kristo n’ibijyanye n’intambara zo mu buryo

bw’umwuka.

6. Abafilipi - Urwandiko rwo mu buryo bwa Kimisiyoneri. Paulo avuga ibijyanye n’ugufungwa kwe, urukundo afitiye

Abafilipi. Abakangurira kwubaha Imana kandi akabagabisha ku bijyanye n’ukwubahiriza amategeko mu buryo

bukabije.

7. Abakolosayi – Uburyo Yesu ari Imana. Paulo yerekeza amaso ku uburyo Yesu ari imfura mu irema, mu gikorwa

cy’ugucungura n’ibijyanye n’ukwubaha Imana.

8. 1 Abatesalonike – Ukugaruka kwa Yesu. Umurimo Paulo yakoze mu Batesalonike. Inyigisho ku ugutungana

n’amagambo ku ukugaruka kwa Yesu.

9. 2 Abatesalonike – Ukugaruka kwa Yesu. Ibindi ku bijyanye n’Umunsi w’Umwami.

10. 1 Timoteyo – Ukwita ku Itorero. Amabwiriza Timoteyo yahawe ku Ubuyobozi nyakuri n’uburyo bwo kurwanya

abigisha b’ibinyoma, uruhare rw’abagore mu murimo w’Itorero, ugusenga, n’ibisabwa ku bakuru b’Itorero no ku

badiyakoni.

11. 2 Timoteyo – Amagambo ya nyuma ya Paulo. Urwandiko rwo gusubizamo intege Timoteyo kugira ngo akomere.

12. Tito – Amatorero y’i Kurete. Paulo yasize Tito i Kurete kugira ngo yite ku matorero y’aho hantu. Ibisabwa ku

bakuru b’Itorero.

13. Filemoni – Imbata yahunze Shebuja ihindukirira Umwami. Urwandiko rwandikiwe shebuja w’imbata yamuhunze.

Paulo asaba Filemoni kubabarira Onesimu.

Inzandiko zitari iza Paulo - Ibitabo 9

1. Abaheburayo – Yesu umuhuza w’Isezerano Rishya. Urwandiko rwandikiwe Abaheburayo b’Abakristu bari mu kaga

ko gusubira mu idini ryabo rya kera rya Kiyuda. Byerekana uburyo Yesu ari hejuru y’ubutambyi bwo mu Isezerano

rya Kera. Haravuga ku ubutambyi bwa Melkizedeki. (Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo rwaba rwaranditswe na Paulo

n’ubwo hakiriho ukujya impaka kuri byo.)

2. Yakobo – Umuntu akizwa n’Ibikorwa, mu gihe Imana ari Yo irimo imukoresha. Ukwingingira abantu kubaho

ubuzima bwa Gikristu bugaragaramo uguhinduka icyaremwe gishya. Bisaba ukwisuzuma kugira ngo umuntu amenye

nimba koko ubuzima bwe bwarahindutse.

3. 1 Petero – Rwandikiwe Itorero ririmo ritotezwa. Petero yanditse uru rwandiko kugira ngo asubizemo intege abo

yandikiye akurikije ukubabazwa barimo kugira ngo babyakirane guca bugufi. Amagambo ajyanye n’umubatizo.

4. 2 Petero – Avuga ku ukwimura Imana kuzaza. Ruvuga ku umuntu mu urwego rw’imbere mu mutima, kugabisha

abantu ku bijyanye n’abigisha b’ibinyoma hamwe no kuvuga ku Umunsi w’Umwami.

5. 1 Yohana – Urukundo rw’Imana. Yohana asobanura ibijyanye n’ubusabane nyakuri hagati y’uwizera na mugenzi

we no hagati y’uwizera n’Imana. Asobanura uburyo Imana ari umucyo n’uburyo ari Urukundo. Akangurira abantu

kugendera imbere y’Umwami nk’uko bikwiriye Umukristu wejejwe. Byinshi ku bijyanye n’urukundo rwa Gikristu.

6. 2 Yohana – Kugabisha itorero ibijyanye n’abigisha b’Ibinyoma. Gushimira Imana kubera iduha kugendera muri

Kristo no kwibutsa abantu kugendera mu rukundo rw’Imana.

7. 3 Yohana - Gucyaha Abafasha bamwe na bamwe. Yohana ashimira Gayo kubera ubugwaneza yagaragarije ubwoko

bw’Imana, nyuma acyaha Diyotirefe.

8. Yuda – Uguharanira byimazeyo Ukwizera kurwanya Ukwimura Imana. Ashyira ku mugaragaro abigisha


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b’ibinyoma anakoresha amagambo yo mu Isezerano rya Kera mu kwerekana urubanza rubategereje. Uguharanira

ukwizera.

9. Ibyahishuwe – Umuragwa nyakuri aza afite Urukaratasi rwemewe n’Amategeko rumuha Uburenganzira ku

Mutungo Yiguriye ubwe. Iyerekwa mu buryo bw’ishusho ku bijyanye n’ukwigomeka kwo mu bihe bya nyuma,

urubanza no kwishima mu bihe byose. Amagambo ku mihango y’Abayuda ishingiye ku Mategeko asobanura

ibijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo kugura isambu y’uwapfuye kugira ngo abe umucunguzi we wa bugufi wemewe

n’amategeko, yandikwe ku izina rye, yongere kandi acikure iryo zina nk’uko byanditswe mu gitabo cya Yeremiya

n’icya Rusi.

UMUGEREKA WA 2—INGENGABIHE Y’AMATEKA YA BIBILIYA

http://www.konig.org/timeline.htm, copyright ©1999-2009 George Konig

Ingengabihe y’Amateka ya Bibiliya, byanditswe na George Konig afatanyije na Ray Konig, www.konig.org

Ibikurikira n’urutonde rw’ibyagiye biba mu mateka kandi biri ibya ngombwa igihe twiga Bibiliya n’ubuhanuzi bwayo.

Ubushakashatsi bw’aya mateka ashyizwe ku murongo bwakozwe na George Konig afatanije na Ray Konig, abanditsi

b’igitabo, Ubuhanuzi 100. Abashakashatsi bagenda badahuza amatariki ibintu byabereye, bakabishyira ku byabaye kera

cyane. Amatariki yatanzwe ari mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo.

2100 MKY (Mbere yo Kuvuka kwa Yesu) (hashize nk’imyaka 4,100)—Imana isezeranira Aburahamu ko izamuha

urubyaro runini. Aburahamu yabayeho mu myaka ishyira 2100 MKY ahantu hazwi ubu nka Iraki. Imana yamubariye ngo

yimukire i Kanani, aho ni ho hahindutse Isirayeli. Bitandukanye n’uko bijya bigenda ku bantu benshi, Aburahamu yizeye

Imana imwe nyakuri. Imana yamugize sekuru w’ihanga rinini (Isirayeli), inamuha kuba sekuru wa Mesiya (Yesu Kristu)

nk’ingororano y’ukwizera kwe.

2000 MKY (hashize nk’imyaka 4000)—Yakobo (Isirayeli) aravuka. Yakobo, umuhungu wa Isaka, Isaka umuhungu wa

Aburahamu, yavukiye i Kanani. Izina rya Yakobo rihinduka Isirayeli. (Kanani nyuma yagiye gufata izina rya Yakobo ari

ryo Isirayeli). Afite abahungu 12, ari bo imiryango 12 ya Yakobo yitiriwe.

1900 MKY (hashize nk’imyaka 3900)—Yosefu agurishwa nk’imbata. Yosefu, umwe muri ba bahungu 12 ba Yakobo

(Isirayeli), kubera ishyari bari bamufitiye, bene se bamugurisha nk’umucakara. Yosefu yisanga muri Egiputa, aho

azamurwa mu bubasha nk’uwungirije umwami Farawo kandi wizewe. Se we na bene se be nyuma bagiye kuva Kanani

kubera inzara, bagana muri Egiputa. Nyuma , Yosefu ni we wagiye kubarokora abarinda kugwa mu kaga.

1446 MKY (hashize nk’imyaka 3400)—Kuva biratangira. Abaheburayo, cyangwa se Abisirayeli (urubyaro rwa

Yakobo), bagizwe abacakara muri Egiputa kumara imyaka 400 kugera igihe Mose yabayoboye bava muri Egiputa.

Bazerera mu butayu kumara imyaka 40. Mose yarabayoboye abageza ku nkengera ya Kanani, igihugu Imana yari

yarasezeraniye sekuruza wabo Aburahamu.

1406 MKY (hashize imyaka ingana 3400)—Isirayeli itangira kwiyubaka nk’igihugu cyigenga. Mose amaze gupfa,

Yosuwa ayobora Abisirayeli i Kanani kandi batangira guhindūra igihugu, gushyiraho igihugu cyigenga cya Isirayeli ubwa

mbere mu mateka.

1400 MKY (hashize imyaka igera kuri 3400)—Aho kuyoborwa n’abami, Isirayeli iyoborwa n’Abacamanza.

Uhereye muri 1400 ukageza muri 1050 MKY, Isirayeli ntiyari iyobowe n’abami. Abantu batekereza ku Mana nk’Umwami

wabo. Mu mwanya w’umwami wo mu buryo bugaragara, Isirayeli iyoborwa n’abacamanza bajya bakemura impaka hagati

y’abantu.

1050 MKY (hashize imyaka 3000)—Sauli aba umwami wa mbere wa Isirayeli. Nyuma y’imyaka 350 yo kuyoborwa

n’abacamanza, abantu ba Isirayeli basaba guhabwa umwami, Sauli aba umwami, ategeka imyaka igera kuri 40.

1010 MKY (hashize imyaka igera kuri 3000)—Dawidi aba umwami wa Isirayeli. Dawidi yabaye umwami wa Isirayeli

muri 1010 MKY aganza imyaka 40. Dawidi, bitandukanye n’uko Sauli yabigenzaga, yubaha amabwiriza y’Imana. Yakora

amakosa, ariko agahita ayihana ako kanya. Yashakisha uburyo bwo gushimisha Imana. Yāguye ubuso bw’ubwami bwa

Isirayeli, ageza ubuyobozi bwe mu bindi bihugu biri hirya ya Isirayeli.

970 MKY (hashize imyaka igera kuri 3000)—Salomo aba umwami, yubaka Urusengero. Salomo, umuhungu wa

Dawidi, aba umwami muri za 970 MKY. Na we yatwaye imyaka 40. Yubaka Urusengero mu cyubahiro cy’Imana.

Igikorwa cyarangiye muri 960 MKY. Salomo ava ku Mana, asenga imana zitari zo.

926 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2900 ishize)—Isirayeli icikamo ibice bibiri. Gato gusa nyuma y’ingoma ya Salomo,

Isirayeli icikamo ibice bibiri. Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo bwitwaga Yuda, bubarizwamo Umurwa wa Yerusalemu


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n’Urusengero. Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru ni bwo bwakomeje kwitwa Isirayeli. Hagiye haba intambara hagati y’ubwo

bwami bwombi.

721 BC (imyaka igera kuri 2700 ishize)—Abashuri bafata Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru ari bwo Isirayeli. Ubwami

bw’Abashuri bufata ubwami bwa Isirayeli ahashyira 721 MKY. Abashuri bishe urubozo benshi muri bo abandi babaca

amazosi. Batuma Abisirayeli benshi (imiryango 10 kuri 12 igize Isirayeli) bava muri Isirayeli, igihugu cyabo bakizanamo

abanyamahanaga.

612 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2600 ishize)—Babuloni ifata Ninewe (Ubwami bw’Abashuri). Umurwa mukuru

w’ubwami bwa Ashuri-Ninewe-uterwa na Babuloni ifatanije n’ibindi bihugu. Nk’uko byavuzwe n’umuhanuzi Nahumu

muri Bibiliya, Ninewe yari gusenywa kubera uburyo Ubwami bw’Ashuri bwatoteje Abisirayeli n’andi moko.

605 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2600 ishize)—Babuloni iyobora Yuda. Igihe cy’ingoma y’umwami Nebukadunezari,

Ubwami bushya bwa Babuloni butangira gutegeka Yuda guca bugufi. Nebukaduneza ajyana Abayuda benshi nk’inyagano

kugira ngo yemeze Yuda kuyubaha.

597 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2600 ishize)—Babuloni itera Yuda. Ingabo za Babuloni zitera Yuda, zifata abandi Bayuda

nk’inyagano i Babuloni. Ezekiyeli ahinduka umuhanuzi w’Imana. Ezekiyeli asobanura yuko Imana yemereye Babuloni

guhana Yuda kubera yuko ubwo bwoko bwavuye ku Mana.

586 MKY (imyaka igera ku 2600 ishize)—Babuloni isenya Yerusalemu n’Urusengero. Babuloni yongera gutera Yuda.

Noneho, Abanyababuloni basenya Yerusalemu n’Urusengero umwami Salomo yari yarubatse. Abandi Bayuda bajyanwa i

Babuloni ho inyagano.

586 MKY kugeza 573 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2600 ishize)—Umwami Nebukaduneza atera igice gikuru cya Tiro.

Babuloni iba itangiye imyaka yayo 13 yo gutegeka Umurwa mukuru Tiro wa Foyinike.

539 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2500 ishize)—Kuro Mukuru atera Babuloni arayifata. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa

Nebukaduneza, Ubwami bushya bwa Babuloni butangira gutakaza imbaraga. Kuro Mukuru afata Babuloni muri 539

MKY, ashyiraho Ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi.

538 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2500 ishize)—Kuro akura Abayuda mu bunyage bwa Babuloni. Nyuma yo gufata

Babuloni, Kuro aha Abayuda umudendezo wo kuva i Babuloni no gusubira i Buyuda. Ubwami bwa Kuro butegeka Yuda

n’ibindi bice byinshi byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, ariko Kuro we yemerera abantu umudendezo ushingiye ku muco

n’idini kuruta uko Ubwami bushya bwa Babuloni bwabikoraga.

536 BC (imyaka igera kuri 2500 ishize)—Igikorwa cyo kwubaka bushya Urusengero kiratangira. Bamwe mu Bayuda

b’i Babuloni basubira i Buyuda, batangira igikorwa cyo kwubaka bushya Urusengero, hari mu myaka ishyira 536 MKY.

Uru Rusengero rwari rwasenywe muri 586 MKY.

516 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2500 ishize)—Urusengero rwa Kabiri ruratahwa. Urusengero rushyirirwaho gusenga,

imyaka 70 yari ishize Abanyababuloni barusenye muri 586 MKY.

333 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2300 ishize)—Abagiriki batangira gutegeka igihugu cya Isirayeli. Muri 333 MKY,

Abagiriki, munsi y’ubutware bwa Alekizanderi Mukuru, banesha ingabo z’Abaperesi i Makedoniya. Ibi biba bibaye

ikimenyetso cy’ukugwa kw’Ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi n’ukuzamuka kw’ubwami bw’Abagiriki.

332 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2300 ishize)—Alekizanderi aba afashe Tiro (Ubwami bw’Abafoyeniki). Alekizanderi

akora intambara arwana n’ikirwa cy’umurwa mukuru Tiro wa Foyinike. Afata ibisigarira by’amabuye byari muri Tiro,

abyubakamo inzira igana ku kirwa. Ingabo za Alekizanderi ziba zifashe ikirindiro cy’icyo kirwa, bityo, aba ashyizeho

iherezo ku Ubwami bw’Abafoyinike.

250 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2300 ishize)—Isezerano rya Kera riba risobanuwe mu Kigiriki. Umutware w’Ubugiriki

asaba Abayuda gusobanura mu Kigiriki igice cyangwa se Isezerano rya Kera ryose mu rurimi rw’Ikigiriki. Iyo Nsobanuro

yahawe izina rya Septuagint.

175 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2200 ishize)—Umutware w’Abagiriki Antiochus Epiphanes atoteza Abayuda.

Umutware w’Abagiriki Antiochus Epiphanes atwara Siriya kuva 175 MKY ukageza ahashyīra 164 MKY. Atwara Yuda,

agerageza gusenya idini ry’Abayuda. Ikindi, yahumanyije Urusengero.

164 MKY kugeza kuri 63 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2200 ishize)—Abayuda babona ubwigenge. Aba Makabe, itsinda

ry’abantu barwaniye ubwigenge bw’Abayuda, bigomeka ku Bagiriki, bashyiraho ubwami buyobowe n’aba Hasmonean,

babona ubwigenge bw’igice kinini cya Isirayeli cyangwa se kuri Isirayeli yose kumara igihe cy’imyaka 100, uhereye 164


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MKY ukageza 63 MKY.

63 MKY (imyaka igera kuri 2100 ishize)—Abaroma bafata igihugu cya Isirayeli. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Alekizanderi

Mukuru, ubwami bw’Abagiriki bucikamo ibice, buhita butangira kugira intege nke. Kumara iki gihe, Ubwami bw’Abaroma

buba burimo bwiyongera mu mbaraga. Umujenerale w’Abaroma witwaga Pompey aba afashe igihugu cya Isirayeli.

Imyaka ishyīra 5 MKY (imyaka igera ku 2000 ishize)—Yesu avukira i Betelehemu. Yesu avukira mu gisagara cy’i

Betelehemu. Intumwa Matayo yagiye kuvuga yuko ukuvukira i Betelehemu kwa Yesu kwabaye isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi

bwavuzwe n’Umuhanuzi Mika, imyaka 700 mbere yaho. (Reba Mika 5:2).

Imyaka ishyīra 25 NKY [Nyuma yo Kuvuka kwa Yesu] (imyaka igera ku 2000 ishize)—Yesu atangira Umurimo we.

Yesu yari afite imyaka 30 avutse igihe atangiye umurimo we. Yigisha iby’agakiza, avuga iby’ubuhanuzi, akora ibitangaza.

Atangaza ko ari We Mesiya (Kristo) wari waratanzwe n’abahanuzi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera ho isezerano. Yesu

asezeranira abantu agakiza n’ubugingo buhoraho kuri bariya bose bamwizera (reba Yohana 3:16, nk’urugero). [Menya

yuko abenshi mu bantu bavuga yuko Yesu yatangiye umurimo we muri 26 cyangwa se 27 NKY—Jonathan Menn]

Imyaka ishyīra 28 NKY (imyaka ingana na 2000 ishize)—Yesu arabambwa, nyuma arazuka. Yesu ashinjwa

ibinyoma, yoherezwa kwa Ponsio Pilato, Umutware w’Abaroma watwaraga igihugu cy’Abayuda, kugira ngo abambwe.

Nyuma y’aho Yesu arazuka, bisobanura yuko yagaruwe mu buzima, abayoboke be bahita batangira kumutangaza ku bandi,

bituma Ubukristu bwihuta kugera henshi mu isi y’Abaroma yose, Ubukristu buba buhindutse idini rya mbere ryageze

hanini ku isi kuruta andi madini yose. [Menya yuko abenshi mu bantu bavuga yuko ukubambwa kwa Yesu kwabaye

muri 30 NKY cyangwa se 33 NKY—Jonathan Menn]

70 NKY (imyaka ingana na 1900 ishize)—Abaroma basenya Yerusalemu n’Urusenegro. Muri 70 NKY, Ingabo

z’Abaroma ziyobowe na Tito, zisenya Yerusalemu n’Urusengero, kugira ngo bahagarike izamuka ry’Abayuda. Nk’uko

Umunyamateka Josephus abivuga, Abayuda bangana na 1,1 miliyoni barapfuye. Abandi bajyanwa nk’abacakara.

Ikinjana cya mbere NKY (imyaka ingana na 1900 ishize)—Bibiliya iba iruzuye. Mu gihe cy’ikinjana cya mbere cyo

muri ibi bihe, Isezerano Rishya, ryasobanuraga ubuzima n’inyigisho za Yesu Kristo, iba iruzuye. Iyandikwa rya Bibiliya

(Isezerano rya Kera n’Isezerano Rishya) iba igeze ku musōzo wayo. Yatangiye igihe cya Mose, imyaka ingana na 3.400

ishize. Yesu ni we kandi akomeza kuba insanganyamatsiko ya nyuma imwe ya Bibiliya.

UMUGEREKA WA 3—BIBILIYA MU RUTONDE RW’IBIHE

Gusoma Bibiliya hakurikijwe uburyo ibihe byagiye bikurikirana byerekana uburyo umurongo w’inkuru ya

Bibiliya yerekana ibice biyikoze kandi bikadufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo ibigize amateka n’ibice bitandukanye bihura

kugira ngo bitange insobanuro ikwiriye. Uru rukurikirane rushingiye ku ruhererekane rwa Bibiliya rwashyizweho na Dr

George Guthrie mu bitabo bye Read the Bible for Life (Soma Bibiliya nk’icya ngombwa ku buzima bwawe): Your Guide

to Understanding and Living God’s Word (Ibyakuganisha ku Ugusobanukirwa Ukubaho Ubuzima bushingiye ku Ijambo

ry’Imana) (Nashville, TN: Holman, 2011) na Reading God’s Story: A Chronological Reading Bible (Gusoma Inkuru

y’Imana: Gusoma Bibiliya ukurikije urukurikirane rw’Ibihe) (Nashville, TN: Holman, 2011). Uruhererekane rw’ibanze

ruboneka kuri: http://www.bhpublishinggroup.com/readthebible/downloads/RBL-reading-plan.pdf. Urutonde

rw’urukurikirane ni colonne 1 ubwa mbere (usome ugeze ku iherezo), ukurikizeho colonne 2, nyuma urangirize kuri

colonne 3.

IGICE CYA 1: UMUGAMBI

W’IMANA KURI BOSE

Irema: Imana ni yo igenga

iby’Ubuzima byose Itangiriro 1–2

Yohana 1:1–3

Zaburi 8; 104

Ukugwa: Kwanga umugambi

w’Imana ku Bugingo Itangiriro 3–5

Umwuzure: Imana ica imanza kandi

ishyiraho Isezerano Rikuru

Kugirango Ubuzima bukomeze

Itangiriro 6–9

Zaburi 12

Itangiriro 10–11

IGICE CYA 2: UBWOKO

1 Abami 9

2 Ngoma 8

Imigani 25–29

Umubwiriza 1–12

1 Abami 10–11

2 Ngoma 9

Imigani 30–31

Abami n’Abahanuzi II: Imana icamo ibice ubwoko bugize ubwami 1 Abami 12

2 Ngoma 10

1 Abami 13–14

2 Ngoma 11–12

1 Ngoma 15:1–24

2 Ngoma 13–16

1 Ngoma 15:25–16:34

2 Ngoma 17

1 Abami 17–22

2 Ngoma 18-20

Mariko 1:40–3:21

Luka 5:12-6:19

Matayo 5–7

Luka 6:20–49; 11:1–13

Matayo 8:5-13; 11:1–30

Luka 7

Matayo 12:22–50

Mariko 3:22–35

Luka 8:19–21; 11:14–54

Matayo 13:1–53

Mariko 4:1–34

Luka 8:1–18

Matayo 8:18–34; 9:18–38

Mariko 4:35–5:43

Luka 8:22–56; 9:57–62

Matayo 10; 14

Matayo 8:1–4; 9:1–17; 12:1–21

Mariko 6:7–56


149

BWAKORANYE ISEZERANO

RIKURU N’IMANA

Ubwoko: Imana ihamagara ubwoko,

bukorana Isezerano Rikuru na Yo

Itangiriro 12–50

Yobu 1–40:5

Zaburi 19

Yobu 40:6–42:17

Zaburi 29

Ugukiza: Imana irokora Ubwoko

bwayo

Kuva 1–18

Isezerano Rikuru n’Amategeko:

Imana yiyegereza kandi yigisha

Ubwoko bwayo

Kuva 19–40

Abalewi 1–27

Kubara 1–13

Zaburi 90

Kubara 14–16

Zaburi 95; 90

Kubara 17–36

Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 1–34

Igihugu: Ahantu Imana yateganyirije

Ubwoko bwayo Yosuwa 1–24

Abacamanza 1–21

Rusi 1–4

Abami n’Abahanuzi: Imana itegura

Ubwoko bwo gutura mu Ubwami

bwayo 1 Samweli 1–20

Zaburi 59

1 Samweli 21–24

Zaburi 91; 7; 27; 31; 34; 52; 56; 120;

140–142

1 Samweli 25–27

Zaburi 17, 73; 35; 54; 63; 18

1 Samweli 28–31

1 Ngoma 10

Zaburi 121; 123–125; 128–130

2 Samweli 1–4

Zaburi 6; 9; 10; 14; 16; 21

1 Ngoma 1–2

Zaburi 43–44; 49; 84; 85; 87

1 Ngoma 3–6

Zaburi 36; 39; 77–78; 81; 88; 92; 93

1 Ngoma 7–9

2 Samweli 5:1–10

1 Ngoma 11–12

Zaburi 133

2 Samweli 5:11–6:23

1 Ngoma 13–16

Zaburi 15; 23; 24–25; 47; 89; 96; 100;

101; 107

2 Samweli 7

1 Ngoma 17

Zaburi 1–2; 33; 127; 132

2 Samweli 8–9

1 Ngoma 18

2 Samweli 10

1 Ngoma 19

2 Ngoma 1–8

2 Ngoma 21:1–22:9

2 Abami 9–11

2 Ngoma 22:10–23:21

2 Abami 12–13

2 Ngoma 24

2 Abami 14–15

2 Ngoma 25–27

Yona 1–4

Amosi 1–9

Hoseya 1–14

Yesaya 1–12

Mika 1–7

Abami n’Abahanuzi III: Ubwami

bw’Amajyepfo nk’ubwoko bw’Imana:

2 Abami 16–17

2 Ngoma 28

Yesaya 13–26

2 Abami 18:1–8

2 Ngoma 29–31

Zaburi 48

Yesaya 27–37

2 Abami 18:9–19:37

2 Ngoma 32:1–23

Zaburi 76

Yesaya 38–39

2 Abami 20:1–21

2 Ngoma 32:24–33

Yesaya 40–42

Zaburi 46

Yesaya 43–45

Zaburi 80

Yesaya 46–49

Zaburi 135

Yesaya 50–66

2 Abami 21

2 Ngoma 33

Nahumu 1–3

Zefaniya 1–3

2 Abami 22–23

2 Ngoma 34–35

Habakuki 1–3

Yoweli 1–3

Yeremiya 1–40

Zaburi 74; 79

Ubunyage: Imana ihana Ubwoko bwayo 2 Abami 24–25

2 Ngoma 36:1–21

Yeremiya 52; 41–44

Obadiya

Zaburi 82; 83

Yeremiya 45–51

Zaburi 137

Amaganya ya Yeremiya 1–5

Ezekiyeli 1–48

Daniyeli 1–12

Kugaruka: Imana irokora ubwoko

bwayo ubugira kabiri

2 Ngoma 36:22–23

Ezira 1–6

Hagayi 1–2

Zakariya 1–14

Luka 9:1–17

Yohana 6

Matayo 15

Mariko 7:1–8:10

Matayo 16

Mariko 8:11–9:1

Luka 9:18–27

Matayo 17–18

Mariko 9:2–50

Luka 9:28–56

Yohana 7–9

Luka 10

Yohana 10:1–11:54

Luka 12:1–15

Matayo 19

Mariko 10:1–31

Luka 16:1–18:30

Matayo 20

Mariko 10:32–52

Luka 18:31–19:27

Kristo abohora Ubwoko bwe:

Igikorwa cy’Imana binyuze mu

urupfu, ukuzuka, no Kwimika

Umwami wayo Matayo 21:1–22; 26:6–13

Mariko 11:1–26; 14:3–9

Luka 19:28–48

Yohana 2:13–25; 11:55–12:36

Matayo 21:23–22:14

Mariko 11:27–12:12

Luka 20:1–19

Yohana 12:37–50

Matayo 22:15–23:39

Mariko 12:13–44

Luka 20:20–21:4; 13:31–35

Matayo 24–25

Mariko 13

Luka 21:5–38

Matayo 26:1–5, 14–35

Mariko 14:1–2, 10–31

Luka 22:1–38

Yohana 13

Yohana 14–17

Matayo 26:36–75

Mariko 14:32–72

Luka 22:39–71

Yohana 18:1–27

Matayo 27:1–31

Mariko 15:1–20

Luka 23:1–25

Yohana 18:28–19:16

Matayo 27:32–66

Mariko 15:21–47

Luka 23:26–56

Yohana 19:17–42

Zaburi 22

Matayo 28

Mariko 16

Luka 24

Yohana 20–21

Itorero rya Kristo: Ubwoko

bw’Imana bwagura Ubwami


150

Zaburi 20; 53; 60; 75; 65–67; 69; 70

2 Samweli 11–12

1 Ngoma 20

Zaburi 51; 32; 86; 102; 103; 122

2 Samweli 13–15

Zaburi 3; 4; 13; 28; 55

2 Samweli 16–18

Zaburi 26; 40–41; 58; 61; 62; 64

2 Samweli 19–21

Zaburi 5; 38; 42

2 Samweli 22–23

Zaburi 57; 97–99

2 Samweli 24

1 Ngoma 21–22

Zaburi 30; 108; 109

1 Ngoma 23–26

Zaburi 131; 138; 139; 143–145

1 Ngoma 27–29

Zaburi 68; 111–118

1 Abami 1–2

Zaburi 37; 71; 94; 119:1–88

1 Abami 3–4

2 Ngoma 1

Zaburi 72; 119:89–176

Indirimbo ya Salomo 1–8

Zaburi 45

Imigani 1–24

1 Abami 5–6

2 Ngoma 2–3

1 Abami 7–8

Zaburi 11

2 Ngoma 4–7

Zaburi134; 136; 146–150

Esiteri 1–10

Malaki 1–4

Zaburi 50

Ezira 7–10

Nehemiya 1–13

Zaburi 126

IGICE CYA 3: UBWOKO

BW’IMANA BW’ISEZERANO

RISHYA

Ukuza kwa Yesu: Umwami w’ukuri

uturuka ku Mana arahageze

Zaburi 106

Yohana 1:4–14

Matayo 1

Luka 1:1–2:38

Matayo 2

Luka 2:39–52

Matayo 3

Mariko 1:1–11

Luke 3

Yohana 1:15–34

Igikorwa Kristo yakoze: Umwami

nyakuri w’Imana agaragaza Ubwami

bwayo Matayo 4:1–22; 13:54–58

Mariko 1:12–20; 6:1–6

Luka 4:1–30; 5:1–11

Yohana 1:35–2:12

Matayo 4:23–25; 8:14–17

Mariko 1:21–39

Luka 4:31–44

Yohana 3–5

Ibyakozwe 1–4

Zaburi 110

Ibyakozwe 5–14

Yakobo 1–5

Abagalatiya 1–6

Ibyakozwe 15–18:18

1 Abatesalonike 1–5

2 Abatesalonike 1–3

Ibyakozwe 18:19–19:41

1 Abakorinto 1–16

2 Abakorinto 1–13

Ibyakozwe 20: 1–3

Abaroma 1–16

Ibyakozwe 20:4–28:31

Abafilipi 1–4

Filemoni

Abakolosayi 1–4

Abefeso 1–6

Tito 1–3

1 Timoteyo 1–6

1 Petero 1–5

Abaheburayo 1–13

2 Timoteyo 1–4

2 Petero 1–3

Yuda

1 Yohana 1–5

2 Yohana

3 Yohana

Ibyahishuwe 1–18

Ukugaruka kwa Kristo n’Ingoma

ye: Icy’Imana iteganyirije

Ubwami Ibyahishuwe 19–22

UMUGEREKA WA 4—INGENGABIHE Y’ABAMI N’ABAHANUZI BA ISIRAYELI NA YUDA

Hifashishijwe ibyavuzwe na K. Lawson Younger, 2006, OT 716—Ibitabo by’Amateka: Urukurikirane rw’Abami

n’Abahanuzi b’Abaheburayo, note zo mu ishule zitashyizwe ahagaragara. Deerfield, IL: Trinity Evangelical Divinity

School, and New American Standard Bible, yasubiwemo ed., 1999, “Urutonde rw’Abatware ba Isirayeli na Yuda” 336-37.

Umwaka

1050

1010

970

930

913

910

909

908

Yuda (Ubwami bw’Amajyepfo) Rehobowamu, imyaka 17 (930-913):

1 Abami 12:1-24; 14:21-31

Abiyamu, imyaka 3 (913-910),

umwaka wa 18 wa Yerobowamu:

1Abami 15:1-8; 2 Ngoma 13:1-14:1

Asa, imyaka 41 (910-869), umwaka

wa 20 wa Yerobowamu: 1 Abami

15:9-24; 2 Ngoma 14:1-16:14

Ubwami bwiyungiye Hamwe (Isirayeli)

Sauli, imyaka 40 (1050-1010): 1 Sam 9:15-

35; 28:1-25; 31:1-13; 1 Ngoma 10:1-14

Dawidi, imyaka 40 years (1010-970): 1 Sam

16:1-13; 2 Sam 1:1-1Abami 2:11; 1 Ngoma

11:1-22:19

Salomo, imyaka 40 (970-930): 1 Abami

1:11-11:43; 1 Ngoma 23:1-2 Ngoma 9:31

Ubwami bwiciyemo ibice

Isirayeli (Ubwami bw’Amajyaruguru) Yerobowamu I, imyaka 22 (930-909): 1

Abami 12:25-14:20

Nadabu, imyaka 2 (909-908), umwaka wa 2

wa Asa: 1 Abami 15:25-31

Bāsha, imyaka 24 (908-886), umwaka wa 3

Umuhanuzi


151

886

885

874

872

853

852

848

841

835

814

798

796

793

792

753

752

742

Yehoshafati, imyaka 25 (872-848)

(yatangiye atwarana na se Asa; ubwe

yatangiye 869): 1 Abami 22:41-50

Yehoramu, imyaka 8 (848-841),

umwaka ugira 5 wa Yoramu: 2 Abami

8:16-24

Ahaziya, Umwaka 1 (841), umwaka

wa Yoramu: 2 Abami 9:29

Ataliya, imyaka 7 (umwamikazi)

(841-835): 2 Abami 11:1-21

Yowasi, imyaka 40 (835-796),

umwaka wa 7 wa Yehu: 2 Abami

12:1-21; 2 Ngoma 24: 1-27

Amaziya, imyaka 29 (796-767),

Yakoranye na Uziya (Azariya),

umwaka wa 2 wa Yehowasi: 2 Abami

14:1-22

Uziya (Azariya), imyaka 52 (792-740)

(yatangiye atwarana na Amaziya

Ingoma ye bwite yatangiye 767),

umwaka wa 27 wa Yerobowamu II: 2

Abami 15:1-7; 2 Ngoma 26:1-23

wa Asa: 1 Abami 15:32-16:7; 2 Ngoma

16:1-6

Ela, imyaka 2 (886-885), umwaka ugira 26

wa Asa: 1 Abami 16:8-14

Zimuri, iminsi 7 (885), umwaka wa 27 wa

Asa: 1 Abami 16:15-20

Tibuni, imyaka 5 (885-880), bahangana na

Omuri: 1 Abami 16:21-22

Omuri, imyaka 12 (885-874), umwaka wa

27 wa Asa: 1 Abami 16:23-28

Ahabu, imyaka 22 (874-853), uwmaka wa

38 wa Asa: 1 Abami 16:29-22:40

Ahaziaya, imyaka 2 (853-852), umwaka wa

17 wa Yehoshafati: 1 Abami 22:51-2

Abami 1:18

Yoramu, imyaka 12 (852-841), umwaka wa

18 wa Yehoshafati 2 Abami 1:17; 3:1-8:15

Yehu, imyaka 28 (841-814): 2 Abami 9:30-

10:36

Yehowahazi, imyaka 17 (814-798),

umwaka wa 23 wa Yowasi: 2 Abami 13:1-9

Yehowasi, imyaka 16 (798-782), umwaka

wa 37 wa Yowasi: 2 Abami 13:10-25

Yerobowamu II, imyaka 41 (793-753)

(yatangiye akorana na Yehowasi, ingoma

ye ubwe itangira muri 782), umwaka ugira

uwa 15 wa Amaziya: 2 Abami 14:23-29

Zakariya, amezi 6 (753), umwaka wa 38 wa

Uziya: 2 Abami 15:8-12

Shalumu, ukwezi 1 (752), umwaka wa 39

wa Uziya: 2 Abami 15:13-15

Menahemi, imyaka 10 (752-742) (yatwaye

i Samariya), umwaka wa 39 wa Uziya: 2

Abami 15:16-22

Peka, imyaka 20 (752-732) (yatwaye

Giliyadi;

ingoma ye bwite yatangiye 740), umwaka

wa 52 wa Uziya: 2 Abami 15:27-31

Pekahiya, imyaka 2 (yatwaye i Samariya),

Eliya (870-850): 1

Abami 17-2 Abami

2:12, kuri Isirayeli

Elisa (850-800?): 2

Abami 2:1-8:15;

13:14-21↔ Isirayeli

Obadiah (848-

841)↔Edom

Yoweli (830-815) ↔

Yuda

Yona (782-746): 2

Kgs 14:25↔Ninewe

(Ashuri)

Amosi (c.765-755) ↔

Isirayeli

Hoseya (c.755-714)

↔ Isirayeli


152

740

735

732

722

Yotamu, imyaka 16 (750-732)

(yatangiye akorana na Uziya; ingoma

ye ubwe ni 740) umwaka wa 2 wa

Peka: 2 Abami 15:32-38

Ahazi, imyaka 16 (735-715, imyaka

16 uhereye ku umwaka wa nyuma wa

Yotamu, 732), umwaka wa 17 wa

Peka

umwaka wa 50 wa Uziya: 2 Abami 15:23-

26

Hosheya, imyaka 9 (732-722): 2 Abami

15:30; 17:1-41

Isirayeli itsindwa n’Abashuri, bajyanwa

mu Bunyage

Mika (740-700?), ↔

Yuda

Yesaya (739-691?), ↔

Yuda

715

686

642

640

609

605

598

597

586

539

538

529

522

520

515

486

464

458

445

424

404

335

331

Hezekiya, imyaka 29 (715-686): 2 Abami 18:1-20:21

Manase, imyaka 55 (697-642) (yatangiye akorana na Hezekiya, ingoma ye bwite

itangira 686): 2 Abami 21:1-18

Amoni, imyaka 2 (642-640): 2 Abami 21: 19-26

Yosiya, imyaka 31 (640-609): 2 Abami 22:1-23:30

Yowahazi, amezi 3 (609): 2 Abami 23:31-33

Yehoyakimu, imyaka 11 (609-598): 2 Abami 23:34-24:7

Kujyanwa mu bunyage i Babuloni inshuro ya 1

Yehoyakini, amezi 3 (598-597): 2 Abami 24:8-17

Kujyanwa mu bunyage i Babuloni inshuro ya 2

Zedekiya, imyaka 11 (597-586): 2 Abami 24:18-25:26

Yerusalemu iraneshwa na Babuloni. Urusengero rurasenywa. Imyaka 70 y’ubunyage i Babuloni iratangiye: 2 Abami 25:1-30; 2 Ngoma 36:11-21

Babuloni igwa mu maboko y’Ubuperesi—(Kuro, 539-530): Dan 5:1-31

Iteka rya Kuro ryo kwemerera abari mu bunyage gutaha no kwubaka

Urusengero i Yerusalemu: 2 Ngoma 36:22-23; Ezira 1:1-4; 6:1-5

Cambyses II (Umwami w’Ubuperesi, 529-523)

Dariyo I (Umwami w’Ubuperesi, 522-486)

Iteka rya Dariyo ryo kwemerera abubatsi kurangiza inyubako y’Urusengero:

Ezira 6:6-12

Urusengero rutahwa i Yerusalemu

Xerxes (Ahasuwerusi) (Umwami w’Ubuperesi, 486-465)—Esiteri (Umwamikazi)

Aritazeruzi I (Umwami w’Ubuperesi, 464-424)

Iteka rya Aritazeruzi I ryo gutanga ibikenewe mu kwubaka Urusengero i

Yerusalemu: Ezira 7:11-26

Iteka rya Aritazeruzi I ritanga uruhushya rwo kwubaka bushya inkike z’i

Yerusalemu: Neh 2:1-6

Dariyo II (Umwami w’Ubuperesi, 424-404)

Aritazeruzi II (Umwami w’Ubuperesi, 404-358)

Dariyo III (Umwami w’Ubuperesi, 335-331)

Ubuperesi buneshwa imbere ya Alekizanderi Mukuru

Nahumu (649-625?)

Zefaniya (635-625)

Yeremiya (627-575)

Habakuki (620?-610?)

Daniyeli (605-536)

Ezekiyeli (597-581)

Hagayi (520-505)

Zakariya (520-487)

Malaki (420)

UMUGEREKA WA 5—UBUHANUZI BWATORANYIJWE BUVUGA KURI MESIYA N’ISOHOZWA RYABWO

Ubuhanuzi Isōko yo mu IK Isohozwa ryo mu IR 1. Yavutse ku rubyaro rw’umugore Itang 3:15 Mat 1:20; Abagal 4:4

2. Yavutse ku isugi Yes 7:14 Mat 1:18, 24-25; Luka 1:26-35

3. Urubyaro w’Aburahamu Itang 22:18 Mat 1:1; Abagal 3:16

4. Urubyaro rwa Isaka Itang 21:12 Mat 1:2; Luka 3:23, 34

5. Urubyaro rwa Yakobo Kubara 24:17 Mat 1:2; Luka 3:23, 34

6. Umuryango wa Yuda Itang 49:10 Mat 1:2; Luka 3:23, 33; Abaheb 7:14

7. Urubyaro rwa Yese Yes 11:1, 10 Mat 1:6; Luka 3:23, 32

8. Urubyaro rwa Dawidi Yer 23:5; Zab 132:11 Mat 1:1; 9:27; Luka 3:23, 31

9. Yavukiye i Betelehemu Mika 5:2 Mat 2:1-8; Luka 2:4-7; Yoh 7:42

10. Yabayeho mbere yo kuvuka Mika 5:2 Yoh 1:1-2; 8:58; 17:5; Abakol 1:17

11. Yabanjirijwe n’intumwa Yes 40:3; Mal 3:1 Mat 3:1-3; 11:10; Luka 1:17; Yoh 1:23


153

12. Azitwa Umwami Zab 110:1 Mat 22:43-45

13. Azitwa Imanweli Yes 7:14 Mat 1:23

14. Azaba umuhanuzi Guteg 18:15, 18-19 Mat 21:11; Luka 7:16; Yoh 4:19; 6:14;

7:40

15. Azaba umutambyi 1 Sam 2: 35; Zab 110:4 Abaheb 3:1-6; 5:5-6

16. Azaba umucamanza ` Yes 33:22 Yoh 5:30; 2 Tim 4:1

17. Azaba umwami Zab 2:6; Zech 9:9 Mat 21:5; 27:37; Yoh 18:33-37

18. Yitwa Umwana w’Imana Zab 2:7 Mat 3:17; 16:16; 17:5; Luka 1:32

19. N’umucyo w’amahanga Yes 42:6; 49:6 Luka 2:32; Yoh 1:9; 8:12; 9:5; 12:46

20. Ni umucunguzi Yobu 19:25; Yes 59:20 Luka 24: 21; Abar 11:26; Abagal 3:13;

Tito 2:14

21. Umwuka Wera ari kuri We Yes 11:2; 42:1; 61:1 Mat 3:16; Mariko 1:10; Luka 4:18

22. Umwete ku by’Imana Zab 69:9 Yoh 2:15-17

23. Umurimo utangirira i Galilaya Yes 9:1 Mat 4:12-17

24. Akora ibitangaza Yes 35:5-6; 53:4 Mat 8:14-17; 9:32-35; 11:4-5; Mariko

7:33-35

25. Yigishiriza mu migani Zab 78:2 Mat 13:34-35

26. Yinjira i Yerusalemu ari ku ndogobe Zak 9:9 Mat 21:6-11; Luka 35-37

27. Yinjira mu Rusengero Mal 3:1 Mat 21:12; Luka 19:45-48

28. Abwiriza Ubutumwa Bwiza abakene Yes 61:1 Mat 11:5; Luka 4:18-21

29. Yanzwe n’abe Zab 118:22; Yes 28:16 Mat 21:42; Yoh 1:11; 7:48; 1 Pet 2:6-7

30. Yanzwe n’abo mu muryango we Zab 69:8 Mariko 3:21; Yoh 7:5

31. Yanzwe nta mpamvu Zab 35:19; 69:4; Isa 49:7 Yoh 15: 23- 25

32. Yagambaniwe n’inshuti ye Zab 41:9; 55:12-14 Mat 10:4;26:47-50;13:21-27; Luka

22:19-23 33. Yaguzwe ibice by’ifeza 30 Zak 11:12 Mat 26:15; 27:3

34. Ifeza zajugunywe mu nzu y’Imana Zak 11:13 Mat 27:5

35. Ifeza zaguzwe isambu y’umubumbyi Zak 11:13 Mat 27:6-10

36. Yanzwe n’abigishwa be Zak 13:7 Mat 26:31, 69-74; Mariko 14:27, 50

37. Yaracecetse imbere y’abamuregaga Yes 53:7 Mat 27:12; Ibyak 8:32-35

38. Yarakubiswe acirwaho amacandwe Yes 50:6; 53:5 Mat 26:67; 27:26; Mariko 10:33-34

39. Yarashinyaguriwe Zab 22:7-8 Mat 27:31; Luka 22:63-65

40. Ibiganza n’ibirenge byaracumiswe Zab 22:16; Zak 12:10 Luka 23:33; Yoh 20:25-27;

41. Yababarijwe ibyaha by’abandi Yes 53:5-6, 8, 10-12 Abar 4:25; 1 Abakor 15:3; Abaheb 9:28

42. Yapfiriye hamwe n’abanyabyaha Yes 53:12 Mat 27:38; Mariko 15:27-28; Luka

22:37 43. Yingingira abamurenganyaga Yes 53:12 Luka 23:34

44. Imyenda ye irapfindirwa Zab 22:18 Yoh 19:23-24

45. Inshuti ze zimujya kure Zab 38:11 Mat 27:55-56; Mariko 15:40; Luka

23:49

46. Abantu bamuzunguriza imitwe Zab 22:7; 109:25 Mat 27:39

47. Abantu baramushinyagurira Zab 22:17 Luka 23:35

48. Yaranyotewe Zab 22:15; 69:21 Yoh 19:28

49. Yahawe indurwe n’umushari wa vino Zab 69:21 Yoh 19:28-29; Mat 27:34

50. Arataka igihe Imana yamuhebaga Zab 22:1 Mat 27:46

51. Abitsa ubugingo bwe Imana Zab 31:5 Luka 23:46

52. Amagufwa ye ntiyamenaguwe Zab 34:20 Yoh 19:33

53. Yacumiswe icumu mu rubavu Zak 12:10 Yoh 19:34-37

54. Umutima umenetse Zab 22:14; 69:20 Yoh 19:34

55. Ubwirakabiri hejuru y’isi Amosi 8:9 Mat 27:45

56. Yahambwe mu mva y’umukire Yes 53:9 Mat 27:57-60

57. Umubiri we ntuzabora Zab 16:10 Yoh 20:1-18; Ibyak 2:31; 13:35-37

58. Azamuka mu ijuru Zab 68:18 Mariko 16:19; Luka 24:51; Ibyak 1:9;

Abef 4:8 59. Yicaye i buryo bw’Imana Zab 110:1 Mariko 16:19; Ibyak 2:34-35; Abaheb

1:3 60. Azagaruka Dan 7: 13; Zak 12:10 Mat 24:30; Mariko 13:26; Luka 21:27;

Ibyah 1:7

UMUGEREKA WA 6—YESU N’IMANA MU BURYO BWUZUYE KANDI N’UMUNTU MU BURYO

BWUZUYE


154

I. Impamvu Inyigisho kuri Kristo ari ngombwa

“Ikibazo kinini abigishwa ba Yesu bahuraga na cyo cyari impaka zo mu buryo bugaragara zari hagati y’ukuntu

Yesu yari umuntu mu buryo bugaragara n’ukuntu yivuga yuko ari Imana. Kugira ngo ubutumwa bwitwe ubutumwa,

bibwirizwa kwemerwa yuko Yesu ari umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye akongera akaba Imana mu buryo bwuzuye. Ikibazo n’uko

Yesu yari umuntu akongera akaba Imana, kandi izi kamere ebyiri zikaba nta ho zishobora guhurira. Amateka atwereka

ibisubizo byo mu buryo butandukanye kuri aya mayobera. Igisubizo cya mbere, n’igisubizo cy’Abayuda cyiswe igisubizo

cya ‘Ebionite”, cyavuga yuko Yesu atari Imana na gato, ahubwo yari umuntu usanzwe. . . . Iri ni ryo kosa rihora rigaruka

buri gihe, haba mu bihe byatambutse cyangwa se bya none, kuzana Yesu ku urwego rw’umuyobozi mwiza n’umwigisha

mwiza w’ibijyanye n’ingeso nziza. Igisubizo cya kabiri cyari icy’Abagiriki cyitwaga ‘Gnostic’ cyavuga yuko, kuvuga ko

Yesu yari afite ubuzima bwo mu buryo bufatika cyangwa se bikemerwa ko yari afite imero y’umuntu, n’ukumusuzuguza.

Bashingira kuri kimwe yuko yari umwuka w’Imana byonyine. Hagati y’izi mpande ebyiri ziri kure na kure zigizwe

n’uruhande rw’ubumuntu (nta kiranga yuko yari Imana na kimwe kirimo), n’urw’uko yari Imana (nta kiranga yuko ari

umuntu na kimwe burimo), harimo uruhurirane rw’ibitekerezo, icya mbere n’icy’uko yari afite igice cyarangaga yuko yari

umuntu muri we, n’igice cyarangaga yuko yari Imana. Ibi byageze aho bemeza yuko Yesu yari Imana kandi yuko

iby’umuntu muri we bikwiye kugabanurwa. Igihuriweho muri aya makosa y’Ubukristu bushingiye kuri Ortodogisi

n’ukunanirwa kubona ubumana mu buryo bwuzuye, n’ubumuntu mu buryo bwuzuye; byombi bihurira mu umuntu umwe,

ari we Yesu w’i Nazareti. . . . Inyigisho z’ubuyobe Itorero rya Mbere ryarwanye na zo bwabonetse nk’ikibazo ku

umwimerere w’Ubutumwa Bwiza n’umwuzuro w’ukwizera kwa gikristu. Muri buri ruhande, zahagarariye igitekerezo

cyanzwe na buri ruhande ari yo ‘byombi-na’, kandi icyo gitekerezo ari cyo Ubutumwa budusaba. Kugira ngo Ubutumwa

bube Ubutumwa, kugira ngo Bibiliya ibe Bibiliya, n’ukuri na kwo ngo kube icyo kuri, ni ngombwa yuko Yesu aba Imana

mu buryo bwuzuye n’umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye, Imana na Yo ikaba imwe ikongera ikaba n’ubutatu.” (Goldsworthy 2000:

64-66)

“Aba Ortodogisi bose, Abakatolika bose n’Abaporotestanti bose bahurira ku myemerere imwe y’ibihe by’imyaka

igihumbi ya mbere iranga amateka y’Itorero, na cyane-cyane Imyemerere y’Intumwa, iya Nisene, iya Kaledoniya n’iya

Asanasiyo. Muri ibi, iby’ibanze bijyanye n’imyemerere ya gikristu byashyizwe ahagaragara. Hari uburyo busanzwe

bw’ukwatura ko Imana imwe igaragarira mu ubutatu butagatifu. Ukwizera Ubutatu butagatifu gushyiraho uburyo bwo

kubona isi butandukanye n’uburyo abizera imana nyinshi, abizera Imana imwe ariko batizera ubutatu butagatifu,

n’abatizera ikintu na kimwe babibona. . . . Muri iyo myemerere, harimo na none amagambo ahamya neza uburyo Yesu

Kristo yari umuntu n’Imana mu buryo bwuzuye. Bityo, Abakristu ntibafata Yesu nk’undi mwigisha cyangwa se undi

muhanuzi yiyongeye ku bari bahasanzwe; ahubwo bamufata nk’Umukiza w’isi. Izi nyigisho zituma abigishwa begerana

kuruta uko batandukana.” (Keller 2008: 116)

“Ubukristu bushingiye ku Ivugabutumwa ni ugukomeza ubukristu bujyanye n’amateka. N’inyigisho zivuga kuri

Kristo nk’uko zavuzwe mu Myizerere y’Intumwa, yanonosorewe mu Myizerere ya Nise-Konsitantinopule, byateguriwe

mu Myizerere ya Kaledoniya, nyuma ziza guhurizwa hamwe mu Myizerere ya Asanasiyo. . . . Nimba habaho impinduka

mu nyigisho zo kuri Kristo, biremewe ko iyo mpinduka iba no mu nyigisho zindi zose. Inyigisho kuri Kristo ni zo mutima

w’Imenyekanishamana, mu buryo bw’uko kwonona Inyigisho zivuga kuri Kristo ari ukwonona n’ibindi byose. . . . Kureka

Inyigisho kuri Kristo bisa n’uguha urubuga ibijyanye n’inyigisho z’ibinyoma. Ariko nimba ata nyigisho z’ibinyoma zibaho,

ibi bisobanura yuko nta n’ukuri kubaho.” (Ramm 1985: 15-17)

II. Inyigihso kuri Kristo zishingiye ku Mateka, ku Ukuri nk’uko byavuzwe mu myemerere itandukanye ya Gikristu

A. Imyemerere y’Intumwa (c. Ikinjana cya 2, NKY) Nemeye Imana Data wa Twese, Ishobora Byose, Yaremye ijuru n’isi, nemeye na Yesu Kristo, umwana wayo

w’ikinege, Umwami wacu, yabyawe n’Umwari Mariya, yababarijwe ku ngoma ya Pilato, arabambwa, arapfa, arahambwa,

azuka ava mu bapfuye ku munsi ugira gatatu; ajya mu ijuru, yicara i buryo bw’Imana Data wa Twese Ushobora Byose; ni

ho azava, aje gucira imanza abazaba bakiriho n’abazaba bapfuye.

Nemera n’Umwuka Wera. Nemera Itorero Katolika Ryeranda,63

ihuriro ry’abera, ukubabarirwa ibyaha, ukuzuka

kw’abapfuye, n’ubugingo buhoraho. Amen.

B. Imyemerere yo muri Nisene-Konstantinopule (325/381) Nemera Imana imwe, Data Ushobora Byose, Umuremyi w’ijuru n’isi, ibiboneka n’ibitaboneka, nemera

n’Umwami umwe Yesu Kristo, Umwana umwe w’ikinege w’Imana, yabyawe n’Imana mbere y’uko amasi yose abaho;

Imana mu Mana, Umucyo mu Umucyo, Imana nyayo mu Mana nyayo; yarabyawe, ntiyaremwe, afitanye kamere imwe na

Data, uwo ni We waremye byose. Uwo, ku ubwacu abantu no ku gakiza kacu, yaje ku isi, ahinduka umuntu binyuze mu

Umwuka Wera wari mu Umwari Mariya, ahindurwa umuntu; abambwa ku ngoma ya Pilato kubera twebwe; arababazwa,

arahambwa; azuka ku munsi ugira gatatu, nk’uko byari byaranditswe, azamuka mu ijuru, yicara i buryo bwa Data wa

Twese; azagaruka, mu cyubahiro, aje gucira imanza abazaba bariho n’abazaba barapfuye; ubwami bwe ntibuzagira iherezo.

63

Ijambo “katolika” risobanura “igihuriweho na bose”, kandi rikwiye gutandukanywa n’Itorero Katolika rya Roma nk’uko

rizwi ubu. “Katolika” n’ijambo ryakunze gukoreshwa kumara imyaka 1000 ya mbere yaranze amateka y’itorero kugira ngo

risobanure Ukwizera kwa Gikristu kw’Abaortodogisi, cyane-cyane nk’uko ukwo kwizera kwasobanuwe mu myizerere

ihuriweho na bose, nyuma iza gukomerezwa mu Manama ahuza amadini.


155

Nizera kandi Umwuka Wera, Umwami Utanga Ubugingo; akomoka kuri Data [n’Umwana]; uwo ahabwa

icyubahiro kandi aramywa hamwe na Data [n’Umwana]; wavugiye mu kanwa k’abahanuzi.

Nizera kandi Itorero Katolika ryeranda n’Itorero ry’Intumwa. Nemera umubatizo umwe wo kubabarirwa ibyaha;

ntegereje ukuzuka kw’abapfuye, no kuzaba mu isi izaza. Amen.

C. Imyemerere yo muri Kalcedonia (451)

Nuko rero, twebwe, dukurikije ba Sogokuru bacu beranda, tubyemereye hamwe, twigisha abantu kwatura

Umwana umwe gusa, Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, uwo n’Imana mu buryo nyakuri, n’umuntu mu buryo nyakuri, Imana

nyakuri n’umuntu nyakuri, ufite umutima n’umubiri urangwa n’ubwenge; ufite ihuriro ryuzuye na Data kubera ubumana

bwe, agafita n’ihuriro hamwe natwe ryuzuye kubera Ubumuntu bwe; asa na twe muri byose, nta cyaha yakoze; yabyawe na

Data mbere y’uko ibintu byose bibaho, hashingiwe ku Ubumana, muri iyi minsi ya nyuma, kubera twe no kubera agakiza

kacu, yabyawe n’Umwari Mariya, Nyina w’Imana kubera Ubumuntu; uwo ni We Kristo, Umwana, Umwami, yarabyawe;

akwiye kwemerwa nk’ufite kamere ebyiri, zidahinduka, zitagira itandukaniro; itandukaniro hagati yazo ikaba itashobora

kuvanwa mu iteraniro ryazo, ahubwo ibigize buri kamere birarindwa, bigahurira mu Umuntu umwe n’imero imwe, izo

kamere ntizigabanijwe mu bantu babiri, ahubwo n’uwo Muntu umwe, ya Mana yabyarwa, Jambo, Umwami Yesu Kristo;

nk’uko, uhereye kera kose, abahanuzi bahoze bamamaza ibye, na Yesu Kristo ubwe yaratwigishije, Imyemerere ya ba

Sogokuruza beranda yabitugejejeho.

D. Imyemerere ya Asanasiyo (c. ikinjana cya 5 kirangira – ikinjana cya 6 gitangira NKY )

Uwo wese uzakizwa, mbere ya byose, ni ngombwa yuko agira ukwizera kwa Gikatolika. Iyo buri wese adakomeje

ukwo kwizera mu buryo bwuzuye kandi butagira inenge; nta gushidikanya yuko uwo muntu azarimbuka iteka ryose. Ukwo

kwizera kwa Gikatolika na kwo n’uku: N’uko dusenga Imana imwe mu Butatu, n’Ubutatu mu Mana imwe; nta kuvanga

abo Baperesona; cyangwa se ngo habeho gutandukanya ikibagize cy’ingenzi. Kuko hari Umuperesona umwe ari we Data

wa Twese, undi w’Umwana, undi w’Umwuka Wera, bose bagize umuperesona Umwe. Ariko Ubumana bwa Data,

ubw’Umwana n’ubw’Umwuka Wera; bwose ni bumwe; Ubwiza ni bumwe, n’Icyubahiro na cyo n’icy’iteka ryose. Uko

Data ameze ni ko Umwana ari; ni na kwo Umwuka ari. Data ntiyaremwe, Umwana ntiyaremwe, n’Umwuka Wera

ntiyaremwe. Data ntagira umupaka, Umwana ntagira umupaka, n’Umwuka Wera ntagira umupaka. Data n’Uwiteka,

Umwana n’Uwiteka, n’Umwuka Wera na We n’Uwiteka. Kandi ntitwavuga yuko bagize abiteka batatu; ahubwo ni uwiteka

umwe. Nk’uko hatariho abaremwe batatu; cyangwa se abatagira umupaka batatu, ahubwo hari utaremwe umwe n’utagira

umupaka umwe. Nuko rero, Data ni Ushoborabyose; Umwana ni Ushoborabyose, n’Umwuka Wera na We ni

Ushoborabyose. Kandi ntihariho Abashoborabyose batatu, ahubwo hariho Ushoborabyose Umwe. Data n’Imana, Umwana

n’Imana n’Umwuka Wera na We n’Imana; ariko ntitwavuga yuko bagize Imana zitatu; ahubwo n’Imana imwe. Data

n’Umwami, Umwana n’Umwami n’Umwuka Wera n’Umwami. Kandi ntibagize Abami batatu, ahubwo Umwami umwe.

Nuko rero, ubwo duhatwa n’ukuri kwa Gikristu; ukwo na kwo n’ukwemera buri Muperesona ukwe ko ari Imana

n’Umwami; bityo Itorero Katolika ntiritwemerera kuvuga yuko hariho Imana zitatu cyangwa se Abami batatu. Nta na

kimwe muri ibi kigize Data; haba kuba yararemwe cyangwa se yarabyawe; hari Data umwe aho kuba ba Data batatu, hari

Umwana umwe aho kuba ba Mwana batatu; hari Umwuka Wera umwe aho kuba ba Mwuka Wera batatu. Muri ubu Butatu,

nta wuza imbere y’Undi, cyangwa se inyuma ye, nta wufite imbaraga kuruta undi, cyangwa se ngo abe umunyantege nke

inyuma y’undi. Ahubwo abo Baperesona batatu babana iteka ryose, kandi barareshya. Bityo, muri byose, nk’uko byari

byaravuzwe; Ubumwe mu Butatu; n’Ubutatu mu Ubumwe, uko ni kwo Imana ikwiye gusengwa. Bityo rero, uzākira

agakiza wese, uko abe ari kwo atekereza Ubutatu bweranda.

Ikindi, ku bijyanye n’ukubona agakiza k’iteka; ni ngombwa yuko uwakira agakiza yizeresha umutima umwe yuko

Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo yabaye umuntu. Kuko ukwizera nyakuri n’uku, n’uko twizera kandi twatura; yuko Umwami

wacu Yesu Kristo, Umwana w’Imana ari Imana n’Umuntu; n’Imana kubera yuko akomoka kuri Data; yabayeho imbere

y’ibintu byose; n’Umuntu kubera ihuriro afitanye na Nyina we, yavukiye ku isi. Ari Imana itunganye n’Umuntu utunganye,

ufite ubwenge n’umubiri nk’uw’abandi bantu bose. Areshya na Se hashingiwe ku biranga Ubumana; ni muto kuri Data

hashingiwe ku Ubumuntu bwe. We, n’ubwo ari Imana n’Umuntu; ntagizwe na ba Kristo babiri; ahubwo ni Kristo umwe.

N’Umwe, atari kubera yuko yavuye mu bumana agahinduka umuntu, ahubwo kubera yuko yazamutse akava mu Bumuntu

agahinduka Imana. Bombi baba umwe, atari uko habayeho kwitiranya iyo miterere ibiri; ahubwo kubera bahurira mu

Umuperesona umwe. Nk’uko umwuka ufite umubiri birangwa n’ubwenge ari umuntu umwe; bityo Imana n’Umuntu na bo

bagize Kristo umwe; wababajwe kugira ngo tubone agakiza; amanuka muri gihenomu; arazuka ava mu bapfuye ku munsi

ugira gatatu. Yazamutse mu ijuru, yicaye i buryo bw’Imana Data wa Twese Ushoborabyose, aho azava aje gucira imanza

abazaba bakiriho n’abazaba barapfuye. Igihe azagarukira, abantu bose bazazuka bafite imibiri; kandi bazīmurikira ibyo

bakoze. Abazaba barakoze ibyiza bazajya mu bugingo bw’iteka ryose; abazaba barakoze ibibi na bo bajye mu muriro

w’iteka ryose. Uku ni kwo kwizera kwa Gikatolika, iy’umuntu atabyizeye mu mbaraga no mu ukuri, ntashobora gukizwa.

III. Yesu Kristo n’Imana mu buryo bwuzuye kandi n’Umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye: Ibihamya bishingiye kuri

Bibiliya

A. Yesu Kristo n’Inana mu buryo bwuzuye. 1. Yesu yatwitwe n’Umwuka Wera mu buryo butangaje, kandi abyarwa n’isugi (Mat 1:18-25; Luka 1:26-38).

N’ubwo Yosefu yari we mubaji wenyine w’Umugalilaya mu kinjana cya mbere, “yahangayikishijwe n’uburyo

Mariya yatwite mu buryo butateganyijwe, atari uko Yosefu atari azi aho impinja zakomokaga, ahubwo kwari


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kubera yuko yari asanzwe abizi” (Wright 1996: 186-87n.160).

2. Yesu yagiraga ububasha butangaje (Mat 13:54; Luka 10:13; Yoh 2:1-11, 23; 7:31; 10:25, 38; 12:37; 15:24;

20:30-31; 21:25):

a. Yakijije abantu mu buryo bw’ibitangaza (Mat 8:1-17; 9:1-8, 20-22, 27-31; 12:9-15, 22; 14:35-36;

15:29-31; 19:1-2; 20:29-34; 21:14; Mariko 1:29-34, 40-42; 2:1-12; 3:1-5, 10; 5:25-34; 6:5, 53-56;

7:31-35; 8:22-25; 10:46-52; Luka 4:38-41; 5:12-15; 17-26; 6:6-10, 17-19; 7:1-10, 21-22; 8:43-48;

13:10-13; 14:1-4; 18:35-43; 22:50-51; Yoh 4:46-54; 5:2-9; 9:1-7; Ibyak 10:38).

b. Yirukanye abadayimoni (Mat 8:28-34; 9:32-33; 12:22-29; 15:21-28; 17:14-18; Mariko 1:23-28, 34,

39; 3:11, 22-27; 5:1-13; 7:24-30; 9:17-27; Luka 4:31-36, 41; 8:26-36; 9:37-42; 11:14-22).

c. Yahaye abandi ububasha hejuru y’imyuka mibi n’indwara (Mat 10:1; Mariko 6:7; Luka 9:1; 10:17-

19).

d. Yashoboraga gusoma ibiri mu bwenge bw’abantu (Mat 9:4; 12:25; Mariko 2:8; Luka 5:22; 6:8;

9:46-48; Yoh 13:10-11).

e. Yazuye abapfuye (Mat 9:18, 23-25; Mariko 5:35-42; Luka 7:11-15; 8:49-55; Yoh 11:11-44).

f. Yagaburiye abantu benshi mu buryo butangaje (Mat 14:13-21; 15:32-38; Mariko 6:33-44; 8:1-9;

Luka 9:12-17; Yoh 6:1-13).

g. Yashoboye kugendera hejuru y’amazi (Mat 14:22-33; Mariko 6:45-51; Yoh 6:16-21).

h. Yatumye n’abandi bagendera hejuru y’amazi (Mat 14:28-31).

i. Yari afite ububasha hejuru y’ibihe n’ibidukikije (Mat 8:23-27; 21:18-19; Mariko 4:35-41; 11:12-14,

20-21; Luka 8:22-25).

j. Yahinduye amazi vino (Yoh 2:1-11).

k. Yari afite ubumenyi n’ubwenge bwo mu urwego rudasanzwe (Mat 13:54; Yoh 1:48; 2:24-25; 4:16-

19, 28-29; 6:64; 13:10-11; 16:30; 18:4; 21:17; 1 Abakor 1:24; Abakol 2:2-3; Ibyah 2:23; 5:12).

“Twaba twibeshye cyane igihe twatekereza yuko Abaturage b’Abanyagalilaya bo mu kinjana cya mbere

bari biteguye kwizera ‘ibitangaza’ kubera yuko batari bwagasobanukirwe ibijyanye n’amategeko agenga

ibidukikije, cyangwa se batari bwagasobanukirwe yuko ikirere-igihe cyari ikintu kigenda gihinduka mu

buryo bwihariye” (Wright 1996: 186n.160). Abantu bo mu gihe cya Yesu, kimwe n’abantu bo mu bihe

bya none, bari bazi yuko imigati itanu n’ifi ebyiri bidashobora kugaburira abantu 5.000, yuko imiraba

ikomeye cyane yo mu Nyanja itashobora guhagarikwa kubera ijambo ry’umuntu ryonyine, yuko indwara

nyinshi n’ubumuga bitashobora gukizwa n’abaganga bakomeye kurusha abandi, kandi yuko abapfuye

baguma ari abapfu. “Ababayeho igihe cya Yesu, bāba bariya biyemeje gukurikira Yesu cyangwa se

abiyemeje kutamukurikira, aba na bo bāmubona nk’uwuzuye imbaraga zikomeye. Itorero si ryo

ryavumbuye ikirego cy’uko Yesu yakoranaga na Belizebuli; ariko ibyaha bisa n’ibyo ntibyavugwa

keretse igihe bikenewe nk’ibisobanuro ku miyaga y’ibitekerezo n’imikorere yo mu buryo budasanzwe.”

(Ibid.: 186-87)

3. Amazina, imyanya y’icubahiro, n’izindi nyito bikoreshwa ku Mana mu Isezerano rya Kera n’Isezerano Rishya.

Rimwe na rimwe, igice cy’Ibyanditswe gikoreshwa ku Mana kiba gikomoza kuri Yesu cyangwa se gikoreshwa mu

magambo y’umwimerere kuri We (mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira, x,y,z

bivuga amagambo yavuzwe mu buryo bwayo

bw’umwimerere).

Izina/Umwanya/Inshi-

ngano

Bikoreshwa ku Mana Bikoreshwa kuri Yesu


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NDI

Umwami

Imana

Uwa Mbere n’Uwa

Nyuma Alufa na Omega

Umukiza

Umucamanza

Umwami

Umwami wa Isirayeli

Umucyo

Urutare

Umukwe

Umugabo w’umugore

Umushumba

Umuremyi

Umutangabugingo

Ashakisha imitima &

ubwenge

Ahemba akurikije

imirimo yakozwe

Kuva 3:13-14

Yes 40:3x; 45:23-24

y; Yoweli 2:32

z

Zab 45:6-7x

Yes 41:4; 44:6; 48:12

Ibyah 1:8x; 21:5-6

x

Yes 43:3, 11; 1 Tim 4:10

Itang 18:25; Zab 50:4-6; 96:13

Zab 95:3

Yes 43:15; 44:6; Zef 3:15

Zab 27:1; Yes 60:20; Mika 7:8

Guteg 32:4; 2 Sam 22:32; Zab

89:26

Yes 62:5

Isa 54:5; Hos 2:16

Zab 23:1; 80:1; Yes 40:11

Itang 1:1; Zab 102:25-27x; Yes

40:28

Guteg 32:39; 1 Sam 2:6; Zab 36:9

1 Ngoma 28:9; Zab 7:9; 139:23;

Yer 17:10

Zab 62:12x; Yer 17:10; 32:19

Yoh 8:24, 28, 58; 18:5-6

Mariko 1:2-4x; Abafil 2:10-11

y; Ibyak 2:36;

Abar 10:13z

Abaheb 1:8-9x; Yoh 1:1, 18; 20:28; 2 Pet 1:1

Ibyah 1:17; 2:8; 22:13

Ibyah 22:13x

Mat 1:21; Luka 2:11; Yoh 4:42; Tito 2:13

Yoh 5:22; 2 Abakor 5:10; 2 Tim 4:1

Ibyah 17:14; 19:16

Yoh 1:49; 12:13

Yoh 1:4-5, 9; 3:19; 8:12; 9:5

1 Abakor 10:4; 1 Pet 2:4-8

Mat 9:15, Mariko 2:19-20, Luka 5:34-35

Mariko 2:18-19; 2 Abakor 11:2; Ibyah 21:2

Yoh 10:11, 16; Abaheb 13:20; 1 Pet 2:25; 5:4

Yoh 1:3, 10; Abakol 1:16; Abaheb 1:10-12x

Yoh 5:22; 10:28; 11:25

Ibyah 2:23

Mat 16:27x; Ibyah 2:23

Mu Ibyah 1: 13-14, Yohana yakira iyerekwa riturutse ku “ūsa n’Umwana w’Umuntu…umutwe [we] n’umusatsi

we byeraga nk’ubwoya bw’intama bwera, cyangwa se nka shelegi.” Aya mashusho yakuwe mu iyerekwa Daniyeli

yaronse muri Dan 7:9, 13. Ariko na none, mu iyerekwa Daniyeli yaronse, “Umukuru nyir’Ibihe byose”,

“imyambaro ye yeraga nka shelegi, umusatsi wo ku mutwe we na wo wasaga n’ubwoya bw’intama.” “Mu ijambo

risobanura ishusho nk’uko riri mu iyerekwa rya Daniyeli, Yohana abona ūsa n’Umwana w’Umuntu” utandukanye

kandi uhuzwa n’Umukuru w’Ibihe Byose—ibi bikaba ari uguhuza kwo mu buryo bw’amayobera, ariko na none

bikaba bishingiye ku ukuntu avuga yuko ari ‘uwa mbere n’uw’imperuka’ ([Ibyah] 1:17), ibi ni byo Imana

yakoresheje igihe irimo itangaza iteka ryose ryo mu buryo bw’ubumana (Yes 41:4; 44:6; 48:12). Umwana

w’Umuntu ni Imana, afite ubwenge n’ukwera bitagira iherezo.” (Johnson 2001: 59)

4. Yesu yivuzeho ibiranga Imana, kandi koko arabifite:

a. Yivuzeho ko yahozeho mbere y’ibihe (n’ukuvuga, kuba yarabayeho mbere yuko ahinduka umuntu)

(Yoh 8:58; 17:5, 24) kandi ibyo n’ukuri yahozeho (Yoh 1:1-2, 14-15, 30; 8:58; 1 Abakor 8:6; Abafil

2:6-7; Abakol 1:15-17; Abaheb 1:2; 1 Yoh 2:13-14).

b. Yavuze ko yaturutse kwa Data mu ijuru (Yoh 3:13; 5:23-24; 6:29, 32-39, 41-42, 46, 50-51, 57-58, 62;

7:33; 8:23, 42; 11:41-42; 16:5, 27-28; 17:3, 5, 8, 18, 23, 25) kandi ni ko byagenze (Yoh 3:31; 13:3; 29-

30; 1 Abakor 15:47; 1 Yoh 4:9-10, 14).

c. Yaremye isi (Yoh 1:3, 10; Abarom 11:36; 1 Abakor 8:6; Abef 3:9; Abakol 1:15-17; Abaheb 1:2,

10).

d. Yavuze yuko ari We wenyine uzi Data kandi ushobora kumumenyekanisha (Mat 11:27; Yoh 6:46;

17:25) kandi ibi n’ukuri (Yoh 1:18; Abaheb 1:1-2; 1 Yoh 5:20).

e. Yabayeho ubuzima burangwa n’ukwera no kutagira icyaha kandi ni We shusho itunganye ya Data

(Mat 1:22-23; 27:3-4; Mariko 1:24; Luka 1:35; 4:34; 23:22, 40-41, 47; Yoh 5:30; 7:18; 8:29, 46;

14:6-11; 17:6; Ibyak 3:14; 4:27, 30; 13:28, 35; 2 Abakor 4:4; 5:21; Abakol 1:15, 19; 2:9; 1 Tim 3:16;

Abaheb 1:3, 9; 3:2; 4:15; 7:26-28; 9:14; 1 Pet 1:19; 2:22; 1 Yoh 2:29; 3:5; Ibyah 3:7; 5:1-8).

f. Yigishanya ubutware bwo mu buryo bw’ubumana. Yajyaga asubiramo Ijambo ry’Imana (“Mwumvise

yuko byavuzwe ngo”) nyuma agasobanura neza, cyangwa se agahindura, akabivuga mu magambo

arambuye cyangwa se akabisobanura mu buryo bwimbitse, cyangwa na ho akihererezaho ijambo

ry’Imana, ariha ubutware bwe bwite, avuga ati “ariko Jyeho ndababwira” (Mat 5:21-22, 27-28, 31-32,

33-34, 38-43-39, 44; 7:28-29; reba na none Abaheb 1:1-2). Yagiye ashyira ku rugero rumwe amagambo

ye bwite n’amategeko y’Imana kandi avuga yuko amagambo ye atazigera avaho (bihuze na Mat 5:18;

24:35). Na Mose hamwe n’abahanuzi, bavugiraga Imana, ntibigera bavuga mu butware bwabo bwite

kuko bajyaga batangiza amagambo ngo, “Uwiteka aravuze ati” (e.g., Kuva 4:22; 5:1; Yos 24:2; Abac

6:8; 1 Sam 2:27; 2 Sam 7:5; 1 Abami 20:28; 2 Abami 19:20; Yes 7:7; Yer 2:2, 5; Ezek 2:4; Amosi

1:3; Obad 1:1; Mika 3:5; Nah 1:12; Hag 1:2; Zak 1:4, 14; Mal 1:4). Bityo, abantu bumvise Yesu

batangajwe n’ubushobozi, ububasha, n’ubwenge bwari mu nyigisho ze (Mat 7:28-29; 13:54-56; Mariko

1:22-27; 10:23-27; Luka 4:31-36; Yoh 7:45-46).

g. N’ubwo Bibiliya ivuga yuko Imana ituma abahanuzi (2 Ngoma 36:15; Yer 26:5; Luka 11:49-51),

Yesu yavuze ko ari We watumaga abahanuzi (Matt 23:34-35).


158

h. Yavuze yuko ari We yohereza kandi akabatirisha Umwuka Wera (Luka 24:49; Yoh 15:26; 16:7;

20:22) kandi ibyo abikora atyo (Mat 3:11; Mariko 1:8; Luka 3:16; Yoh 1:33; Ibyak 1:8; 2:1-21).

i. Arazi kandi ashobora kuvuga ibizaba mbere yuko biba (Mat 10:17-23; 12:40, 27-28; 16:21; 17: 9, 22-

27; 20:17-19; 21:1-7; 23:34-36; 24:1-31; 26:1-2, 13, 20-25, 31-34, 69-75; Mariko 8:31; 9:1, 9, 30-31;

10:32-34; 11:1-7; 13:1-27; 14: 9, 12-21, 27-30, 66-72; 16:6-7; Luka 8: 49-56; 9:22, 43-44; 17:22-36;

18:31-33; 19: 29-35, 41-44; 21:7-28; 22: 7-13, 20-23, 31-34, 54-62; 24:6-8; Yoh 2:18-22; 4:21; 6:70-

71; 11:23, 43-44; 12:27-33; 13:18-28, 36-38; 16:4, 16-20, 32; 18:4, 25-27; 21: 4-6, 18-19; Ibyak 1:5,

8).

j. Ni We Mwami w’Isabato (Mat 12:8; Mariko 2:28; Luka 6:5). “Mu ngero zimwe na zimwe, Umwami

wacu Yesu Kristo yatanze ibisobanuro ku bijyanye n’Isabato ya none ashingiye ku bijyanye n’ubuzima;

ku rundi ruhande ashingira ku mpamvu zijyanye n’imenyekanishamana. Iki cya nyuma ni cyo cy’ingenzi

kurushiriza. Gutanga insobanuro y’Isabato ijyanye n’ubutware bushingiye ku Matageko Cumi, bifite

ishusho ijyanye n’ubutware bw’Imana. Avugana ubutware bumwe n’ubw’uwo watanze ayo mategeko

(reba Mariko 2:28; Luka 6:5). Ibi n’ikimenyetso cy’ukuri kigaragaza yuko Yesu ari Imana.” (Ramm

1985: 43)

k. Yivuzeho ubutware bwo guharira abantu ibyaha byabo (Mat 9:2-8, 12-13; Mariko 2:3-12; Luka

5:17-26, 31-32; 7:47-50; 9:56; 19:10; Yoh 5:33-34; 8:1-11; 10:7-9; 12:47). N’Umukiza: ni We wenyine

ushobora gukiza abantu ibyaha byabo (Mat 1:21; Luka 2:11; Yoh 1:29; 3:17; 4:42; Ibyak 3:26; 4:12;

5:31; 13:23, 38-39; 15:11; 16:31; Abar 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:1, 6-11, 15-21; 8:2; 10:9; 1 Abakor 1:30;

6:11; 15:17; 2 Abakor 5:18-21; Abagal 1:3-4; Abef 2:13-16; 4:32; 5:2, 25-26; Abafil 3:20; Abakol

1:12-14; 3:13; 1 Abates 1:10; 5:9-10; 1 Tim 1:15; 2 Tim 2:10; 3:15; Tito 1:4; 2:13-14; Abaheb 2:17; 5:9; 7:25; 13:20; 1 Pet 1:18-19; 3:18; 2 Pet 1:11; 1 Yoh 3:5; 4:9-10, 14; Ibyah 5:9; 14:4). C. S. Lewis

yabonye insobanuro ku cy’uko Yesu avuga yuko aharira ibyaha—ibyaha ibyo ari byose: “Ubu rero, mu

gihe ūvuga ibyo yaba atari Imana, byaba ari ubusazi, byaba bisekeje. Dushobora gusobanukirwa uburyo

umuntu yakwibabarira ibyaha yakoze. Wahonyora ino ryanje, nkakubabarira, wakwiba amafaranga

yanjye nkakubabarira. Ariko se n’iki twakorera umuntu utibwe cyangwa se utahonyowe ino n’undi, ariko

akavuga ngo arakubabariye kubera yuko wahonyoye amano y’abandi bantu cyangwa se wibye

amafaranga y’abandi bantu? Wavuze yuko yakubabariye kubera ko wahonyoye undi muntu, cyangwa se

wibye amafaranga y’undi muntu? Twavuga yuko uyu muntu ari umuswa; kandi aya ni yo magambo

yoroheje hejuru y’andi yose twakoresha mu kuvuga ku miterere ye. Ibi rero ni byo Yesu yakoze.

Yabwiraga abantu yuko ibyaha byabo byababariwe, atabanje kuvugana na bariya bose icyo cyaha

cyashobora kuba cyarakomerekeje. Nta gushidikanya yuko yabyitwayemo nk’uko yaba yari afite uruhare

rukomeye muri byo, akaba yari umuntu wababajwe kuruta abandi muri ibi byaha. Ibi byaba bifite

insobanuro mu gihe yaba yari Imana, Yo amategeko yayo yahonyowe, urukundo rwayo rugakomeretswa

muri buri cyaha cyakozwe. Mu kanwa ka buri wese uvuga utari Imana, aya magambo yaba yerekeza ku

cyo nakwita ubusazi n’ubwirasi budashobora kugereranywa n’indi miterere iyo ari yo yose yigeze kubaho

mu mateka.” (Lewis 1996: 55)

l. Yavuze ko afite ubushobozi bwo guha abantu ubugingo buhoraho (Yoh 3:16; 4:14; 5:25-29, 40; 6:27,

32-40, 44, 47-58, 68; 10:10, 27-28; 11:25-26; 14:6, 19; 17:1-3; Ibyah 1:18) kandi arabikora (Abar

6:23; 2 Tim 1:10; 1 Yoh 5:11-13, 20; 21:27).

m. Yavuze yuko atanga ubugingo nyabwo (Yoh 11:25) kandi arabishoboye (Yoh 1:4; 5:26; Ibyah 1:18).

n. Ni We utuma isi ikomeza kuguma hamwe (Abakol 1:17; Abaheb 1:3).

o. Yavuze yuko afite ubutware bwose (Mat 11:27; 19:28; 26:64; 28:18; Mariko 14:62; Luka 10:22;

22:29-30, 69; Yoh 17:2; 18:36-37) kandi n’ukuri yuko afite ubutware bwose kandi yuko ategeka

nk’Umwami w’Abami n’Umutware w’Abatware (Luka 1:32-33; 2:11; 19:37-38; 23:42; Yoh 3:31;

13:3; Ibyak 2:30-36; 5:31; 10:36; Abar 9:5; 14:9; 1 Abakor 15:23-28; Abef 1:20-22; Abafil 2:9-11;

Abakol 2:10, 15; 1 Tim 6:15-16; 2 Tim 4:8; Abaheb 2:7-8; 10:12-13; 1 Pet 3:22; Ibyah 1:5; 5:12;

11:15; 12:10; 14:14; 17:14; 19:11-16; 20:4-6).

p. Avuga yuko azacira imanza isi (Mat 7:21-23; 13:41; 16:27; 25:31-46; Yoh 5:22, 27-29; Ibyah 2:23;

22:12) kandi ibyo azabikora (Mat 3:12; Luka 3:17; Ibyak 10:42; 17:31; Abar 2:16; 14:10; 1 Abakor

4:4-5; 2 Abakor 5:10; 2 Tim 4:1, 8; 1 Pet 4:5).

Ibyo byose biri haruguru Yesu yivuzeho n’iby’agaciro: “Muri aba Bayuda mubona aha, habonetse umuntu uvuga

nk’uko yaba ari Imana. Avuga yuko ababarira ibyaha. Avuga yuko yahozeho. Avuga yuko azaza gucira isi imanza

igihe cy’imperuka. Reka noneho ibi tubirebe neza. Mu bizera yuko mu bintu byose Imana ibamo ari bo ba

‘Abapanteyiste’; urugero Abahindi, uwo ari we wese yashobora kuvuga yuko uwo yari igice cy’Imana; cyangwa

se ugendana n’Imana: Nta kintu cy’ubuswa cyaba kirimo. Ariko uyu mugabo, na cyane-cyane ko yari Umuyuda,

we ntiyarimo avuga be n’iyo Mana. Imana, mu mvugo yayo, yasobanuye yuko Ikinyabugingo hirya y’isi, ariko

kikaba ari cyo cyayiremye; icyo na cyo cyari gitandukanye n’ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Niwamara

gusobanukirwa ibyo, uzabona yuko icyo uwo mugabo yavuze ari ikintu kibabaje hejuru y’ibindi byose byaba

byaranyuze mu kanwa ku umwana w’umuntu. . . . Aha ngaha, ndimo nsaba ngo abantu kuvuga icy’abantu benshi

bakunze kumuvugaho bati, ‘Nditeguye kwakira Yesu nk’umwigisha ukomeye cyane w’ibijyanye n’ingeso nziza,

ariko sinemera icyo avuga yuko ari Imana.’ Iki n’ikintu tubwirizwa kwirinda kuvuga. Umuntu wo mu buryo


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busanzwe, wavuze ibintu bisa n’ibi Yesu yavuze, na we ntiyaba ari umwigisha w’iby’ingeso nziza. Uwavuga atyo,

yaba ari umuntu utagira kwirinda na guke—ku urwego rumwe n’umuntu uvuga yuko ari igi ritetse—cyangwa se

yaba ari Satani wo muri Gihenomu. Ubwirizwa gukora amahitamo yawe. Uyu muntu yari kandi ni Umwana

w’Imana, cyangwa se yari umusazi cyangwa se ikiri hejuru y’ibyo. Washobra kumukingirana umwita umusazi,

ushobora kumuciraho amacandwe no kumwica nka dayimoni; cyangwa se ukamwikubita imbere munsi y’ibirenge

bye umwita Umwami n’Imana. Ariko noneho tuve muri icyo cyo kumwita Umwigisha w’ingeso nziza uhambaye.

Ibyo nta karyango na kamwe yadusigiye ko kumwita dutyo. Ntiyari anabifitiye intego.” (Lewis 1996: 55-56)

5. Yesu yireshyeshyeje n’Imana kandi yiyita Imana (Mariko 9:37; Luka 22:69-70; Yoh 5:17-23; 8:12-58; 10:30,

34-38; 12:44-49; 14:1, 6-11; 15:23; 17:21-23; Ibyah 1:8). D. A. Carson atanga inshamake y’ibihamya bimwe na

bimwe abikuye mu butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana: “Yesu akomeza avuga yuko kumwizera ari ukwizera

uwamutumye (12:44), kumureba n’ukureba uwamutumye (12:45; 14:9), kumwanga n’ukwanga Se (15:23). Avuga

yuko bose babwirizwa kwubaha Umwana nk’uko bubaha Se (5:23), yuko we na Se ari umwe (10:30). Hejuru

y’uko twiga yuko nta cyo Umwana ashoboye gukora keretse icyo Se amweretse, ariko na none tubona yuko

Umwana akora icyo ari cyose Se akora (5:19). . . . Amagambo ya Yesu ni amagambo y’Imana (3:34); ni cyo

gituma uwemera ibyo Yesu ahamya, aba yemeye yuko Imana ari ukuri [3:33]. . . . Mu nzira isa n’iyo, ukwizera

kuganisha ku ubuzima kwumva amagambo ya Yesu kandi kukizera uwamutumye (5:24; 14:24). Nta wigeze abona

Data keretse Yesu (6:46); ariko kumenya Yesu ni kwo kumenya Data (8:19).” (Carson 1994: 147, 156)

Yesu yavuze yuko afitanye n’Imana Data ubushuti bumwe gusa, amwita “Data” (Mat 7:21; 10:32-33;

11:27; 12:50; 16:17; 18:10, 19; 20:23; 25:34; 26:39, 42, 53; Luka 2:49; 10:22; 22:29; 24:49; Yoh 2:16; 5:17,

43; 6:32, 40; 8:19, 38, 49, 54; 10:18, 25, 29, 37; 14:2, 7, 20, 21, 23; 15:1, 8, 10, 15, 23, 24; 20:17; Ibyah 2:27;

3:5, 21), si “Data wa Twese” (rya zina yabwira abigishwa be ngo bajye bakoresha igihe basenga Imana [Mat 6:9;

reba na none Luka 11:2; Abar 1:7; 1 Abakor 1:3; 2 Abakor 1:2; Abagal 1:3; Abef 1:2; Abafl 1:2; Abakol

1:2; 2 Abates 1:1; Fil 1:3]). Ikindi, Yesu yahamagaye Se imbona-nkubone, akoresheje ijambo ry’Iki-Aramiya

“Abba,” ijambo rijyanye n’ubushuti bwa bugufi bwihariye (Mariko 14:62). N’ubwo hari ingero nke cyane zivuga

ku bandi Bayuda bita Data Abba, “Nta cyemeza yuko mbere ya Yesu habayeho abandi bahamagara Imana mu

izina rya Abba.” (Bauckham 1978: 249, (icyashingiweho cyongeweho). “N’ubwo byabaye gake cyane, uburyo

yakoresheje ijambo Abba byamushyize mu urwego rw’abera barimo bishimira ubushuti bwihariye n’Imana,

ntidushobora gusobanura ikoreshwa ry’iri jambo keretse ari igihe cyo gutekereza uburyo yita kuri ubwo bucuti

bwihariye” (Ibid.: 248). Abar 8:15 na Abagal 4:6 havuga yuko Yesu yigishije abigishwa be gukoresha ijambo

Abba igihe bavuga Imana. Ubu buryo bwonyine bwo kuganira bwerekana yuko “Itorero rya Mbere ryari rizi neza

yuko ubwo buryo bwo gukoresha iryo jambo bwabegerezaga Imana kimwe n’uko byakoraga kuri Yesu. Kubera

ibyo, ubumwe hagati ya Yesu n’Imana kubera gukoresha iryo jambo Abba ni bwo yahaye abigishwa be: kuba

abana b’Imana bikomoka kuri Yesu.” (Ibid.)

a. Abamurwanyaga bamenye yuko Yesu yavugaga ko ari Imana, nyuma bashaka kumwica bamuhora yuko

yatukanye kubera icyo yavuze (Mat 9:2-3; 26:63-66; Mariko 14:61-64; Luka 5:20-21; 22:66-71; Yoh

5:18; 8:59; 10:30-33, 39; 19:7). Amategeko ya Mose yategekanyaga yuko utukanye ahanishwa igihano

cy’urupfu (Abal 24:14, 16, 23; reba Yoh 19:7). Yoh 5:18 havuga yuko Abayuda bashakaga kwica Yesu

“kubera yuko, hejuru yo kwica Isabato [igihe yakijije umuntu ku Isabato], yita Imana Se we bwite,

bisobanura yuko yarimo yireshyeshya n’Imana.” “Kubera ibi, ibijyanye n’iby’ubumuntu, hari ikintu

kimwe Yesu yashoboraga gukora. Yari akwiye guhakana icyo cyaha no gutanga impamvu yatumye akiza

umuntu ku munsi w’Isabato. Ibi ntiyabikoze. Yavuze yuko Abayuda bari mu ukuri. Areshya n’Imana. Mu

mirongo yakurikiyeho, Yesu asobanura yuko ibintu be n’ibi, n’Imana yonyine ibikora, ariko yuko na We

ashobora kubikora. Bityo, areshya na Se.” (Ramm 1985: 43)

b. Abandi (harimo n’abamalayika) bātuye yuko Yesu ari Imana kandi/cyangwa se bamuramya nk’Imana,

cyangwa se baramusenga (Ibyak 7:59-60), kandi Yesu yarakiriye ukwo kuramywa (Mat 2:2, 11; 14:33;

28:9, 16-17; Luka 24:51-52; Yoh 1:1-14; 5:22-23; 9:35-38; 20:28; Ibyak 2:36; 20:28; Abar 9:3-5;

Abafil 2:5-11; Tito 2:13; Abaheb 1:5-10; 2 Pet 1:1; 1 Yoh 2:23; Ibyah 5:1-14). Iyaba Yesu atari Imana,

ukwo kuramywa byari kuba byarafashwe nk’ugutukana n’ugusenga ibigirwamana kubera yuko gusenga

ikiremwa gifite ubuzima bupfa ari ugusenga ibigirwamana, bikaba kandi ari icyaha (Kuva 20:1-5; Guteg

5:6-9; Abar 1:18-23). Kuba Yesu yaremeye kuramywa bihabanye n’ukuntu n’abamarayika na bo

ubwabo batabyemeraga igihe abantu bageragezaga kubaramya. Igihe Intumwa Yohana yunamaga mu

birenge by’umumarayika ashaka kumuramya, umumarayika yarabimwangiye amubwira ati, “Ntugakore

ibisa n’ibi, ndi umusabyi nkawe” (Ibyah 19:10; 22:8-9). Ni ko byagenze n’igihe Koroneriyo yashakaga

kuramya Petero (Ibyak 10:25-26) n’igihe abantu b’i Lusitira batekereje yuko Paulo na Barunaba bari

imana zibiri, zamanutse mu buryo bw’abantu, bashaka no kubashikanira ibitambo. Baranze icyo

cyubahiro, bavuga bati, “Natwe turi abantu buntu, tumeze nkamwe, kandi turababwira ubutumwa ngo

mureke ibyo bitagira icyo bibamarira, muhindukirire Imana ihoraho” (Ibyak 14:11-18). Ubu ni bwo

buryo Umuyuda wese wizeraga Imana imwe yari kwifata imbere y’umuntu washakaga kumuramya.

Icy’uko Yesu atabyanze, ahubwo akemera yuko abantu bamuramya, byerekanye yuko yari azi yuko yari

Imana yaje ku isi nk’umuntu.

6. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe bwite, Yesu yerekanye yuko ari Imana akora icy’Imana yonyine ikora:


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a. Yazutse ava mu bapfuye (Mat 28:1-7; Mariko 16:1-7; Luka 24:1-7; Yoh 2:18-22; Ibyak 2:29-32;

3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 13:26-37; 17:31; 26:22-23; Abar 1:4; 4:24-25; 6:4-10; 8:11, 34; 14:9; 1 Abakor

6:14; 15:4, 20-23; 2 Abakor 4:14; 5:15; 13:4; Abagal 1:1; Abef 1:20; Abafil 3:10; Abakol 1:18; 2:12;

1 Abates 1:10; 2 Tim 2:8; Abaheb 13:20; 1 Pet 1:3, 21; 3:21; Ibyah 1:5, 18).

b. Yabonekeye abahamya benshi ari mu mubiri nyuma yo kuzuka ava mu bapfuye (Mat 28:8-10, 16-20;

Mariko 16:9-14; Luka 24:13-49; Yoh 20:11-29; 21:1-14; Ibyak 1:1-8; 5:30-32; 10:40-41; 13:30-31; 1

Abakor 15:5-8).

c. Yashoboraga kwiyerekana mu buryo bw’umubiri cyangwa se akazimangana mu buryo bw’umubiri

bivuye ku bushake bwe (Luka 24:30-31, 36-43; Yoh 20:19-20, 26-29).

d. Yazamutse mu ijuru imbere y’abahamya benshi (Mariko 16:19; Luka 24:50-51; Ibyak 1:9-11; reba

na none Mariko 16:19; Ibyak 1:1-2; 2:33-35; 3:20-21; Abar 8:34; Abef 1:20-2:6; 4:10; Abakol 3:1; 1

Tim 3:16; Abaheb 1:3; 4:14; 7:26; 8:1; 9:24; 10:12; 12:2; 1 Pet 3:22).

e. Yarabonetse ari mu ijuru, abonwa n’abahamya bari ku isi (Ibyak 7:55-56; Ibyah 4:1-5:10).

f. Yashoboraga kubonekera abantu ku isi no kuvugana na bo (Ibyak 9:1-7, 10-17; 22:17-21; 23:11;

26:12-18; 1 Abakor 9:1; 15:8; Ibyah 1:9-3:22; 22:12-13, 16, 20).

B. Yesu Kristo n’Umuntu mu buryo Bwuzuye

1. Yesu yari afite igisekuruza akomokamo (Mat 1:1-17; Luka 3:23-38; Yoh 7:42; Abar 1:3; 9:5; Abagal 3:16; 2

Tim 2:8).

2. Yesu yabaye mu nda yongera avuka nk’abantu (Mat 1:18-2:1; Luka 1:31; 2:1-20; 11:27; Abar 1:3; Abagal

4:4).

3. Yesu yari afite umubiri w’inyama nk’uw’umuntu, amaraso, n’amagufa (Luka 22:44; 24:39-40; Yoh 1:14;

19:34; 20:19-29; Abar 1:3; 8:3; Abafil 2:7; Abakol 2:9; 1 Tim 3:16; Abaheb 2:14; 10:5; 1 Pet 2:24; 1 Yoh

1:1-3; 4:2; 2 Yoh 7).

4. Yesu yivuzeho nk’ “umuntu” (Yoh 8:40) kandi yemerwa n’abandi nk’ “umuntu” (Mat 8:9, 27; 12:23-24;

13:54, 56; 26:61, 71-72, 74; Mariko 2:7; 6:2; 14:71; 15:39; Luka 5:21; 7:8, 39, 49; 9:9; 15:2; 23:2, 4, 6, 14, 18,

22, 41, 47; Yoh 1:30; 4:29; 6:52; 7:12, 15, 25, 27, 35, 46, 51; 9:11, 16, 29, 33; 10:33; 11:37, 47, 50; 18:14, 17,

40; 19:5, 12; Ibyak 2:22-23; 5:28; 6:13; 17:31; 25:19; Abar 5:15; 1 Abakor 15:21, 47; Abagal 2:20; Abef 5:2;

Abafil 2:8; 1 Tim 2:5).

5. Yesu yanyuze mu inararibonye zose z’umubiri nk’umuntu:

a. Yarakuze (Luka 2:40, 52).

b. Yarasonzaga, akanyoterwa, yararyaga, akanywa (Mat 4:2; 21:18; 27:48; Mariko 11:12; 15:36; Luka

4:2; 24:41-43; Yoh 4:6; 19:28-30).

c. Yageraho akaruha, agasinzira (Mat 8:24; Mariko 4:38; Luka 8:24).

d. Yahura n’ikibazo cy’umunaniro n’intege nke (Mat 4:11; 27:32; Mariko 15:21; Luka 23:26; Yoh

4:6).

e. Yarababaye (Mat 20:17-19; 26:67; 27:26-31; Mariko 9:12; 10:32-34; 14:65; 15:16-20; Luka 22:63-

64; 23:11; Yoh 4:6; 18:22; 19:1-3; Abaheb 5:8).

f. Yarapfuye, arahambwa (Mat 27:50, 57-66; Mariko 15:37, 39, 42-47; Luka 23:46, 50-56; Yoh 19:30-

42; Ibyak 25:19; Abar 5:8; 1 Abakor 15:3-4; Abafil 2:8; Abaheb 2:14). Igihe yapfaga, mu rubavu rwe

havuye amaraso n’amazi (Yoh 19:34).

6. Yesu yari afite amarangamutima asanzwe nk’ay’abandi bantu kandi yarayagaragazaga:

a. Yumvise afite impuhwe (Mat 9:36; 14:14; 15:32; 20:34; Mariko 1:41; 6:34; 8:2; Luka 7:13).

b. Yarakundaga (Mariko 10:21; Yoh 11:5, 36; 13:23; 15:10, 12; 21:20).

c. Yararakaye (Mat 21:12-13; Mariko 3:5; 11:15-17; Luka 19:45-46; Yoh 2:13-16).

d. Yumvise agahinda (Mat 26:38).

e. Yaratangaye (Mat 8:10; Mariko 6:6).

f. Yarishimye, aba mu umunezero (Luka 10: 21; Yoh 13:11).

g. Yumvise ababaye, abuze amahoro mu mutima, yagize agahinda, arasamba mbere yo gupfa, anyura mu

gahinda karenze urugero (Mat 26:37-38; Mariko 3:5; 14:33-34; Luka 22:44; Yoh 11:33, 38; 12:27;

13:21).

h. Yararize (Luka 19:41; Yoh 11:35; Abaheb 5:7).

7. Yesu yari afite ubwenge nk’ubw’abandi bantu basanzwe (Mariko 13:32; Luka 2:40, 52; Yoh 4:1; 5:6; 7:1;

Abaheb 5:8-9).

8. Yesu yari afite ugushaka nk’uko bishika ku bandi bantu (Mat 26:39; Yoh 6:38).

9. Yesu yanyuze mu bigeragezo nk’uko bishikira abandi bantu (Abaheb 2:18; 4:15; reba na none Mat 4:1-10;

Mariko 1:12-13; Luka 4:1-12; 2 Abakor 5:21).

a. Ihuriro hagati y’ukuntu Yesu yari umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye na kamere ye yaranzwe n’ukudakora

icyaha na kimwe. Mu Abar 8:3 “Paulo avuga yuko Imana yatumye Umwana wayo mu isi ari mu ishusho

y’umuntu wa kamere y’icyaha (en homoiōmati sarkos hamartias). Aha ngaha arimo ashimangira ukuri

yuko Kristo yari umuntu. Yari yambaye umubiri wo mu buryo bugaragara, yaremwe mu ishusho

y’umubiri w’umuntu wahumanijwe n’icyaha. Mu ishusho igaragara, nta na hamwe yari atandukaniye


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n’abandi bantu. Ariko Paulo ntavuga yuko yaje azananye [en sarkos hamartias] iyo kamere y’icyaha.

Muri iyo shusho ye [en homoiōmati], Paulo arimo yerekana yuko, ku bijyanye n’ihuriro hagati y’umubiri

wa Kristo mu buryo bugaragara n’uw’umuntu, harimo itandukaniro ry’ibanze riri hagati ya Kristo

n’abantu. Yabaye umuntu bitabanje kunyura mu nzira icyaha cy’umuntu kinyuramo. Amagambo

homooiōmati aturinda kuba twabiha insobanuro Paulo adashaka ko tubiha, na cyane-cyane, yuko Kristo

yaba yaranyuze munsi y’imbaraga z’icyaha, bityo akaba yarakoze icyaha. Paulo asobanura neza cyane

yuko Kristo nta cyaha yigeze akora [2 Abakor 5:21]. . . . Homoiōma ivuga ibintu bibiri, icya mbere

n’ugusa mu ishusho, icya kabiri n’itandukaniro mu bikoze umuntu by’imbere….Hari amagambo avuga

ibisa n’ibyo mu Abafil 2:7: Kristo yafashe ishusho y’umugaragu, aza mu isi afite ishusho y’umuntu (en

homoiōmati anthrōpōn genomenos), ariko yabonetse ari mu ishusho y’umuntu. . . . Yabaye umuntu, atari

mu buryo bw’inyuma gusa, ahubwo no mu buryo bwo gutekereza no kwakira ibyamugeragaho. Umwe

wari ufite ishusho y’Imana yuzuye yahindutse ufite ishusho y’umuntu yuzuye. . . . Ubu ni bwo buryo

bwonyine bwo kuvuga ibyo [Yohana] yavuze kuri 1:14: logos sarks egeneto [Jambo yabaye umuntu].

Paulo ntavuga mu buryo busobanutse urwego kamere ya Kristo yagizweho ingaruka n’uku guhinduka

umuntu kwe….Ariko, We nk’umuntu, kuba yarakoze icyo ata muntu wundi n’umwe yashoboraga

gukora, n’ukuvuga, kwubaha mu buryo bwuzuye, biganisha ku umwanzuro yuko, n’ubwo yari umuntu,

yagumanye icy’ingenzi cya kamere ye ya kera. Ishusho yo mu buryo bwo ku isi [morphē] ni umufuka

ubika ibigize ubuzima bwe budahinduka, n’ubwo na none ari ukuri, yuko ari umubiri wo mu buryo

bw’umuntu.” (Schneider 1967: 195-97)

b. Ukuri kw’ibintu n’uko Kristo yanyuze mu bigeragezo n’ubwo yari afite kamere idakora icyaha.

“Nimba bishimangirwa yuko ibigeragezo bibaho mu gihe umuntu yaba ashyizwe imbere y’ibyaha, bityo

ibyo biganisha ku mwanzuro yuko abanyabyaha ari abahanga mu bijyanye no kugerageza. Ariko Itorero

ryaranze kwakira, mu buryo budatekerejweho kandi bw’ukuri, kuba ryagira inama rihabwa

n’abanyabyaha. Ahubwo ryahindukiriye abera kugira ngo babe ari bo babonamo iyo nama be n’iyo.

Abanyabyaha ni bariya bamaze kuneshwa n’ukwo kugeragezwa; abera na bo ni bariya bahisemo

guhangana na byo kuko basobanukiwe yuko bashobora kubinesha. . . . Kugeragezwa n’ukwinjira muri

burya busitani burimo ibishuko, kuko ikigeragezo ari ubwoko bw’igishuko. Ikigize igishuko mu

kigeragezo n’ukwerekana ikibi mu buryo bw’icyiza. . . . Ibigize ikigeragezo n’uburyo wa muntu

wagezweho na cyo yifata hagati muri ubwo busitani bw’imbaraga z’ugushukwa aho gushaka kumenya

nimba uwo muntu akora icyaha cyangwa se atagikora. Nimba ibi ari byo kamere y’ikigeragezo, umuntu

utabarwaho icyaha kandi ari umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye (yashobora kuba yakwinjira muri ubwo busitani

burimo izo mbaraga zo gushukwa) ashobora guhura n’ibyo bigeragezo ariko ntaneshwe n’icyaha.”

(Ramm 1985: 81-82) Kuba Kristo yarageragejwe mu nzira zose nk’uko natwe bitubaho ariko akaba

atigeze akora icyaha bisobanura yuko yanyuze mu mbaraga hamwe n’ugukururwa byo mu buryo

bwuzuye kuko yarwanye n’icyo kigeragezo kugeza ku iherezo—bitandukanye na bariya bageraho

bakaneshwa n’ikigeragezo n’imbere yuko kigera ku mbaraga zacyo za nyuma.

10. Yesu yanyuze mu inararibonye y’urugendo rusanzwe rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka:

a. Yarakebwe (Luka 2:21).

b. Yarabatijwe (Mat 3:13-17; Mariko 1:9-11; Luka 3:21-22; Yoh 1:29-34).

c. Yarasengaga (Mat 26:36-44; Mariko 14:35-36, 39; Luka 9:18; 10:21; 11:1; 22:41-45; Yoh 17:1-26;

Abaheb 5:7).

d. Yariyirije (Mat 4:2; Luka 4:2).

e. Yubahirije imihango y’idini ry’Abayuda, kandi yasengeraga mu rusengero no mu masinagogi (Mariko

1:39; Luka 2:41-49; 4:16, 44; Yoh 2:23).

f. Yarasomaga Ibyanditswe akanabifata ku mutwe (Mat 4:4-10; 11:10; 21:42; 22:41-45; Mariko 12:10-

11, 35-37; Luka 4:4-12, 18-19; 7:27; 20:41-44; 22:37; Yoh 6:45; 15:25 ).

g. Yubahaga Isabato, kandi yagenderaga mu Mategeko yo mu Isezerano rya Kera (Mat 5:17; 17:24-27;

22:15-21; Luka 4:16; 20:20-25; Yoh 7:10-14; 15:10).

h. Yakiriye Umwuka Wera mu buryo bwuzuye (Mat 3:16-4:1; Mariko 1:10-12; Luka 3:22; 4:1).

IV. Ibihamya byo mu buryo bufatika yuko Yesu Kristo ari Imana mu buryo bwuzuye kandi akaba n’Umuntu mu

buryo bwuzuye

A. Imana ubwayo ishobora kumenyekanira by’ukuri muri Kristo

Mu yandi madini yemera Imana imwe, Imana n’igitekerezo cyo mu buryo butagaragara. Mu madini yemera imana

nyinshi, imana n’imyuka gusa. Mu ruhande urwo ari rwo rwose, kamere nyakuri y’iyo Mana imwe (cyangwa se y’izo mana

nyinshi) ntishobora kumenyekana mu buryo buhamye kandi bwihariye kuri buri M(m)ana. Ariko na none, Kristo ni “Ni na

We shusho y’Imana itaboneka” (Abakol 1:15). Muri Kristo, “Muri We ni ho hari kūzura kw’Ubumana kwose mu buryo

bw’umubiri” (Abakol 2:9). “Uwo, kuko ari ukurabagirana kw’ubwiza bwayo n’ishusho ya kamere yayo” (Abaheb 1:3).

Yesu yahindutse umuntu kugira ngo ba kiremwamuntu bagere ku ugusobanukirwa Imana itagira umupaka. Impamvu ya

kabiri yatumye Imana yahisemo guhinduka umuntu kwari ukwuzuza umworera wari hagati ya kiremwamuntu n’Imana. Iyo

Yesu yari kuba yarabaye umuntu ‘gusa’ cyangwa se icyaremwe, ubugari bw’uwo mworera wari hagati y’Imana

n’Umuntu—ikitagira iherezo n’ikigira iherezo, Umuremyi n’icyaremwe, Uwera n’utera—wari kugumaho. Kuri twebwe,


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kugira ngo dushobore kumenya Imana, byabaye ngombwa yuko Imana yururuka ikadusanga aha hasi. Nta cyaremwe na

kimwe cyari gushobora kuzibira uwo mworera ungana utyo hagati y’Imana na kiremwa muntu aharenze aho agace gato

k’ibumba kashobora kwubaka no kugera aho umwubatsi ahagaze. Kubera urukundo, Imana yakoze iyo ntambwe itugana.

Yashatse gufungūra inzira kugira ngo bose bamanuke bayigereho.” (McDowell and Larson 1983: 19) Nuko rero, ni muri

Kristo honyine umuntu ashobora kumenyera Imana by’ukuri. Ikindi, kuba Imana yarahindutse umuntu ikaza kuba hagati

muri twe, bisobanura yuko buri wese ashobra kumenya Imana ku giti cye. Iki ni cyo giha Ubukristu umwihariko ku yandi

madini yose yo ku isi.

B. Kristo atwereka imiterere nyakuri y’Imana, birtyo akatubera urugero rwiza ku myitwarire yacu Kubera yuko Yesu ari Imana, kumwizera no kumuramya ni ngombwa kandi ni byiza. Ibi bisobanura ko yashyize

ku rugero rumwe ukwizera Imana no kumwizera (Yoh 14:1; reba na none Ibyak 16:31; Abar 18:8-13). Nuko rero, kubera

yuko ari umuntu, ni We rugero nyarwo twakurikiza mu myitwarire yacu n’uburyo tubwirizwa kubaho iminsi dufite kuri iyi

si: “Icyo kitumenyesha yuko turi muri We, kuko uvuga ko ahora muri We, akwiriye na we kugenda nk’uko yagendaga” (1

Yoh 2:5-6). Ku bijyanye no kwihanganira akarengane duhura na ko kubera ibyiza twakoze, Petero avuga ati: “Ibyo ni byo

Imana ishima: kandi ibyo ni byo mwahamagariwe, kuko na Kristo yabababarijwe, akabasigira ikitegererezo kugira ngo

mugere ikirenge mu cye” (1 Pet 2:20-21). Aha ni ho ubumana bwa Kristo n’ukuba umuntu bihurira mu nzira igera kure

cyane, haba kubera ugusobanukirwa kwacu ku uwo Imana iri n’icyo isa na cyo hamwe n’ibijyanye n’ugusobanukirwa

kwacu kw’uburyo dukwiye kwitwara muri ubu bugingo. Abafil 2:5-11 hasobanura uburyo Kristo yari Imana (2:5-6) ariko

yiyambuye byose kugira ngo ahinduke umuntu, kugeza ku urwego rw’umugaragu w’imbata (2:7) yicisha bugufi,

araganduka, ntiyanga no gupfa, ndetse urupfu rwo ku musaraba (2:8); ni bwo Imana yahise imuzamura hejuru cyane mu

buryo bw’uko abantu bose bazamuramya nk’Umwami wa bose (2:9-11). “Ibi byanditswe bikomoka ku magambo yubatse

ku isomo ryiga kuri Kristo ritanga ibisobanuro ku biranga Imana. Ukuzamurwa kwa Kristo ku urwego rwo kugira uruhare

mu ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana bimwerekana nk’umwe mu bagize ikiranga Imana. Mu gihe umwe Kristo wazamurwaga ari

na We Kristo wabanje gucishwa bugufi, mu gihe kandi ari ukwiyanga kwaba kwaratumye azamurwa hejuru, ugucishwa

bugufi kwe ni kimwe mu bigize ibiranga Imana nk’uko no gushyirwa hejuru kwe biri. Ikiranga Imana—uwo Imana iri—

bihishurirwa mu ukwicisha bugufi bijyanye no gukorera abandi kimwe no gushyirwa hejuru bijyanye n’ubutware. Imana iri

hejuru ishobora no kwishyira hasi, kubera yuko Imana ari Imana, idashakisha inyungu zayo ubwayo, ahubwo irazwa

ishinga n’ukwitanga. Ukwitanga kwayo mu buryo bwo kwicisha bugufi no gukorera abandi byemeza yuko

ubutavugirwamo hejuru y’ibintu byose na bwo ari uburyo bwe bwo kwitanga. Umugaragu ni we wenyine yahinduka

Umwami. Umugaragu uri n’Umwami na none ni na we uhabwa ukwemerwa kw’ubutware bwe—ukwemerwa kw’ubumana

bwe bwo mu buryo bw’umwihariko—ushingiye ku ibyaremwe byose.” (Bauckham 1998: 61) Kuba kamere y’Imana

nyakuri yerekanirwa mu ukwicisha bugufi no gukorera abandi; n’ugushyirwa hejuru n’ubutware na byo bifitanye isano

n’uburyo Imana ubwayo yihuza natwe mu ubumuntu bwacu. “Kuba yariyambitse ubukene n’ishusho y’ubugaragu

bw’imbata, Imana muri Kristo yabaye imbata, yagizwe mukene cyane. Uko ni kwo Imana yinjira mu mibabaro ya bariya

bababazwa kugira ngo, imbere muri iyo mibabaro, kuba yarihuje na bo kugeza ubwo imenyesha ubumana bwayo binyuze

muri bo, abakize.” (Carter 2008: 368) Uburyo Imana yihuza na twe muri Kristo mu buryo bw’umwihariko biduhuza

n’abandi mu gihe dufite gutekereza kwa Kristo (1 Abakor 2:16) n’Umwuka wa Kristo (Abar 8:1-17). Dufata abandi mu

rukundo no mu kubabarira kuko uko ni kwo Kristo adufata natwe (Abef 4:32; 1 Yoh 4:7-21). Ubuzima bwacu n’ibikorwa

byacu bigenda bisa n’ibya Kristo mu gihe tugenda dufata ishusho ye (Abar 8:29; 12:1-2). Kimwe na buri kindi kintu

cyose, Ubukristu butandukanye n’andi madini yose yo mu isi. Imana y’Abakristu itandukanye n’indi mana iyo ari yo

yose—kandi ni Kristo uhishura ibi.

C. Gucungurwa tuvanwa mu cyaha bishoboka igihe kimwe gusa, ni kubera yuko Kristo yari Imana mu buryo bwuzuye,

akongera akaba n’umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye Abantu bose bagera ku ukumenya yuko dufite ikibazo bakoresheje ubwenge bwabo: Twatandukanye n’Imana

kubera yuko turi abanyabyaha, Imana na Yo ikaba itunganye kandi ar’Iyera. Bibiliya irabona mu buryo bwuzuye yuko

kiremwamuntu afite ikosa rikomeye, iryo na ryo n’uguhumana agendana na kwo kubera icyaha kimubamo (urugero, Itang

6:5; Zab 51:5; Yer 17:9; Abar 3:9-18, 23; 7:14-24; Abagal 3:21-22). Bibiliya ibona neza yuko “ingero y’icyaha ari

urupfu” (Abar 6:23; reba na none Itang 2:17; Ezek 18:4, 20; Abar 5:12). Andi madini yose mu isi agerageza gusiba

umworera hagati y’abantu n’Imana kubera icyaha; bagerageza gukora ibikorwa byiza kugira ngo bagere ku gakiza cyangwa

se ku ukwemerwa n’Imana: buri wese asabwa kugerageza “kwiyubakira ugukiranuka kwe” (Abar 10:3) binyuze mu gukora

imihango imwe n’imwe ishingiye ku idini, gutanga ibitambo bimwe na bimwe, gukora ibikorwa byiza byinshi, etc. N’ubwo

bimeze bityo, amadini be n’ayo akunze kurangiriza mu ukunanirwa kuko bose babona kamere y’umuntu mu murongo utari

wo, etc. Nta bushake bwo ku urwego urwo ari rwo rwose, nta muhate, nta bitambo, cyangwa se ibindi bikorwa ibyo ari byo

byose byashobora guhindura ikibazo gikomeye cyacu cyo guhumanywa na kamere y’icyaha iri mu mutima w’umuntu.

Bityo, ntitwashobora na rimwe “kwishyiriraho yatugeza ku ugukiranuka kubera imbaraga zacu” cyangwa se ngo tubone

inzira itugeza mu ijuru nk’ “igihembo”. Na none, ntidushobora kugera ku gakiza cyangwa se ku ukwemerwa n’Imana

kubera ibikorwa by’imihango twakoze, ibitambo twatanze cyangwa se ibindi bikorwa ibyo ari byo byose twashobora kuba

twakora (Abagal 2:16). Mu madini yose yo ku isi, Ubukristu ni ryo dini ryonyine ryemera yuko umuntu afite ikibazo

gikomeye kubera kamere y’icyaha agendana na yo, yuko ata cyo yabihinduraho, kandi ko atashobora kwikiza ubwe.

Kubera ibyo, Imana yahisemo gukorera kiremwa-muntu icyo atashobora kwikorera ubwe. Ni cyo gituma, binyuze muri

Yesu Kristo, Imana yahindutse umuntu. Binyuze mu ukwambara umubiri w’umuntu ufite “ishusho ya kamere y’icyaha,”


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(Abar 8:3) no kuza mu isi, “Kristo, utagira icyaha na kimwe muri we, ahinduka uhagarariye kiremwamuntu

w’umunyabyaha. Bityo, Imana iheba Kristo ngo apfe, aciraho iteka icyaha igihe yasenyaga umubiri we, ahita anagikuraho.

Kristo yiyambitse ishusho y’[umubiri ukora icyaha] kugira ngo, muri Kristo, Imana igere ku ukurokora umuntu imukura

mu cyaha.” (Schneider 1967: 196) Kristo yabayeho ubuzima bwari bugenewe twebwe. Yageragejwe muri byose nk’uko

natwe bitugendera, kandi nta cyaha yigeze akora” (Abaheb 4:15; reba na none, 2 Abakor 5:21; Abaheb 2:18). Ibi

byatumye yemerwa nk’Uduhagararira imbere ya Data, gupfa urupfu rwari rugenewe twebwe, no kuriha igihano cyagenewe

icyaha cyacu, icyo twari kuba twararishye twebwe ubwacu (Abar 8:3-4). Nk’uko 1 Tim 2:5 havuga, “Hari Imana imwe,

n’umuhuza umwe hagati y’Imana n’abantu, uwo na we n’Umuntu, Yesu Kristo.” Umuhuza n’umuntu usubiza hamwe

impande ebyiri zihanganye. Umuhuza rero abwirizwa kuba afitanye isano na buri ruhande. Kubera yuko ari umuntu, Kristo

afitanye isano natwe. Kubera yuko ari Imana, Kristo afitanye isano n’Imana. Kubera yuko nta cyaha yakoze, si ngombwa

yuko atanga igitambo cyo gutwikira icyaha. Ahubwo, Kristo yambaye icyaha cyacu, yishyura igiciro cy’icyaha cyacu; icyo

twabwirizwa kwiyishyurira, atwambika ugukiranuka kwe kugira ngo dushobore guhagarara imbere y’Imana (Yes 53:5-6,

10-11; Abar 10:4; 2 Abakor 5:21; Abaheb 2:17-18; 1 Pet 2:4; 3:18). Ni We wenyine ushobora kuduhuza n’Imana

(Abakol 1:19-20). Nta wundi n’umwe wigeze kubaho—yaba Muhamadi cyangwa se Budha, cyangwa se undi wese—

wigeze kuvuga yuko yakiza abantu akabakura mu byaha byabo. Nta wundi n’umwe wigeze kubaho wari yujuje ibisabwa

kugira ngo arokore abantu abakura mu byaha byabo n’ubwo yari kuba abishaka; ku mpamvu zikurikira: (1) nta wundi

wigeze kubaho ari Imana akongera akaba umuntu nk’uko Kristo ari; kandi (2) buri wese wigeze kubaho yahoze afite

kamere ye y’icyaha n’ibyaha yarwanaga na byo (Ibyak 4:12; Abar 3:9-18). Nuko rero, Ubukristu ni ryo dini rimwe gusa

ryemera yuko agakiza katari ibikorwa dukora, kandi yuko kadashobora kuba gashingiye kuri byo, ahubwo agakiza kari

kandi gashobora kuba, gashingiye ku cyo Kristo yadukoreye. Ntidushobora kubona agakiza nk’igihembo, ahubwo

n’impano duhererwa muri Kristo kubera ubuntu bw’Imana (Abar 5:18-21; 6:23; Abef 1:7; 2:4-5, 8-9). Nuko rero,

dushobora kwegera Imana ata bwoba, kuko Kristo ari umuvugizi wacu utwingingira imbere ya Data (Abar 8:34; Abaheb

4:16; 7:25; 1 Yoh 2:1).

UMUGEREKA WA 7—YESU N’ “IKIMENYETSO CYA YONA” (MAT 12:38-41; 16:1-4; LUKA 11:29-32)

I. Iriburiro Muri Mat 12:38-41; 16:1-4; Luka 11:29-32 igihe Abanyabwenge b’Ibyanditswe, Abafarisayo, Abasadukayo, na

rubanda basabaga Yesu “ikimenyetso,” Yesu yabasubije yuko ikimenyetso kimwe cyatangwa ari “ikimenyetso cya Yona.”

Yona ni we muhanuzi wenyine Yesu yigereranyijeho. Kubera icyo cyari cyo “kimenyetso” cyihariye Yesu yari

yabemereye, no kubera yuko Yona ari we yigereranyijeho wenyine, ni ngombwa yuko habaho gusobanukirwa kwo mu

buryo bwimbitse ibijyanye n’ “ikimenyetso cya Yona.”

Mat 12: 38-41 Mat 16:1-4 Luka 11:29-32 38

Nuko bamwe mu banditsi

n’Abafarisayo baramusubiza bati,

“Mwigisha, turashaka kureba

ikimenyetso kiguturukaho.” 39

Na

We arabasubiza ati, “Abantu b’igihe

kibi bishimira ubusambanyi, bashaka

ikimenyetso ariko nta kimenyetso

bazahabwa, keretse icy’umuhanuzi

Yona. 40

Nk’uko Yona yamaze iminsi

itatu n’amajoro atatu mu nda y’urufi,

ni ko n’Umwana w’Umuntu azamara

iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu i

kuzimu. 41

Ab’i Neneve

bazahagurukana n’ab’iki gihe ku

munsi w’amateka, babatsindishe

kuko bihannye ubwo bumvaga

kwigisha kwa Yona, kandi dore

uruta Yona ari hano.

1 Abafarisayo n’Abasadukayo

baraza, bamusaba ngo abereke

ikimenyetso kivuye mu ijuru,

kugira ngo bamugerageze. 2Arabasubiza ati, “Iyo

bugorobye muravuga muti

hazaramuka umuco kuko ijuru

ritukura,” 3na mu gitondo muti,

“haraba umuvumbi kuko ijuru

ritukura kandi ryirabura.” Muzi

kugenzura ijuru uko risa, ariko

munanirwa no kugenzura

ibimenyetso by’ibihe. 4Abantu

b’iki gihe kibi bishimira

ubusambanyi, bashaka

ikimenyetso ariko nta cyo

bazahabwa, keretse icya Yona.”

Abasiga aho aragenda.

29 Abantu bateraniye aho, atangira

kubabwira ati, ab’iki gihe n’abantu babi,

bashaka ikimenyetso ariko yamara nta

kimenyetso bazahabwa keretse icya

Yona. 30

Nkuko Yona yabereye ab’i

Neneve ikimenyetso, ni ko Umwana

w’Umuntu azabera ab’iki gihe. 31

Umugabekazi w’igihugu cy’ikusi

azahagurukana n’ab’iki gihe ku munsi

w’amateka abatsindishe kuko yavanywe

ku mpera y’isi no kwumva ubwenge bwa

Salomo, kandi uruta Salomo ari hano. 32

Kandi ab’i Neneve bazahagurukana

n’ab’iki gihe ku munsi w’amateka,

babatsindishe, kuko bihannye ubwo

bumvaga kwigisha kwa Yona, kandi

uruta Yona ari hano.

II. “Ikimenyetso cya Yona”

“Luka 11:30 hahuza Yona n’ikimenyetso ku Banyaneneve no gusobanura yuko, mu buryo busa n’ubwo, Umwana

w’Umuntu azabera abantu b’iki gihe ikimenyetso; Mat 12:40 hahuza ikimenyetso cya Yona n’uguhambwa kwa Yona mu

nda y’urufi, iryo huriro rikaba rihwanye n’urupfu (dushobora gukeka kumbure yuko n’ukuzuka na kwo kurimo)

kw’Umwana w’Umuntu. Ikindi, muri Luka 11:32 no muri Mat 12:41, n’ukwamamaza yuko amagambo ya Yona afatwa

nk’afite agaciro. . . . Luka na Matayo bemeranya yuko ikimenyetso cya Yona kizaba ari cyo kimenyetso cyonyine

gitangwa; kandi bombi bemeranya yuko ugucirwaho iteka kuzaba kuri bariya bantu bagihawe.” (Powell 2007: 159-60)

Muri Mat 16:4 “ikimenyetso cya Yona” cyo nta nsobanuro gihabwa. The identification of the person, proclamation, and

death/resurrection between Jesus and Jonah—which indicates the depth of the “sign of Jonah”—is seen in the following


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parallels between Jesus and Jonah: Ubusobanuro buhabwa ubumuntu, inyigisho, n’ urupfu/ukuzuka hagati ya Yesu na Yona

—bisobanura uburyo bwimbitse bw’ “ikimenyetso cya Yona”—kibonwa mu isano riri hagati ya Yesu na Yona ryo mu

buryo bukurikira:

A. Kubihuza na Galilaya

Yesu yarerewe mu gisagara cya Nazareti y’i Galilaya (Mat 2:22-23; 13:54; 21:11; 26:71; Mariko 1:9, 24; 6:1;

Luka 1: 26; 4:14-16, 34; 18:37; Yoh 1:45-46; Ibyak 10:38; 26:9). Muri Yoh 7:52, icyo abatambyi bakuru n’Abafarisayo

barwanyaga n’icy’uko Yesu yari We Mesiya, babwira Nikodemu bati, “Mbega nawe waturutse i Galilaya? Irebere mu

byanditswe, urasanga ko nta muhanuzi uturuka i Galilaya.” Abafarisayo barabeshyaga. Yona yakomokaga mu gisagara

cy’i Gati-Heferi (2 Abami 14:25). Gati-Heferi n’umudugudu muto “milo eshatu mu amajyaruguru yerekeye iburasirazuba

bw’i Nazareti” i Galilaya (Merrill 1980: 25).

B. Kubihuza n’Inuma

“Izina Yona risobanura ‘Inuma,’ ikimenyetso cy’amahoro. Kristo n’Umwami w’amahoro, kandi yazanye amahoro

mu rupfu rw’umusaraba we (Yes. 9:6; Luka 2:14; Yoh 14:27)” (Stanton 1951: 246). Ikindi, igihe yabatizwaga, Umwuka

Wera yaraje mu ishusho y’inuma, ahagarara kuri Yesu nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko Yesu yari We Mesiya” (Mat 3:16-17; Yoh

1:32-34).

C. Yona amirwa n’Urufi, urupfu n’ukuzuka kwa Kristo

Hariho amahuriro menshi hagati ya Yona na Yesu ushingiye ku urufi, urupfu n’ukuzuka:

1. Inkubi y’umuyaga mu nyanja (Yoh 1-2; Mat 8:23-27; Mariko 4:35-41; Luka 8:22-25). “Yona yuriye ubwato

bugana ahahabanye n’igihugu yari yategetswe kujyanamo ubuhanuzi; Yesu na We yuriye ubwato bwambuka

hakurya y’uruzi asiga rubanda rwarimo rumugana” (Powell 2007: 160). Ikiri muri izi ngero zombi n’uko hombi

havuga uburyo Ubutumwa buzava mu Bayuda bukajyanwa mu gihugu cy’Abanyamahanga. Nk’uko Yona yari mu

nkuge yahuye n’umuhengeri ukomeye, inkuge ikajyanwa hirya no hino n’ ‘umuyaga mwinshi wo mu Nyanja’,

inyanja yari yuzuyemo umuyaga mwinshi, ‘inkuge na yo yari hafi gusanzara.’ Muri Matayo 8: 23-27, Kristo na

We yari mu nkuge mu bihe bisa n’ibyo. Harimo ‘umuhengeri mwinshi mu Nyanja,’ inkuge na yo ‘yari ifundikiwe

n’imifunda myinshi y’amazi.’ Yona yari asinziririye mu nkuge igihe abatware b’inkuge ‘bari barimo baratakira

imana zabo’. Yesu ‘yari aryamye i bwerekeza, asinziriye’ (Mariko 4: 38) kugeza ubwo abigihswa be bamubyuye,

bamubwira bati, ‘Mwami, dukize: Turarimbutse.’ Mbese uburyo hariho ihuriro n’ukwo gutaka kwo mu Isezerano

rya Kera ngo, “Byuka, utakire Imana yawe . . . tutarimbuka.’ Muri Yona, turasoma ngo, ‘inyanja iratuza,’ muri

Mariko na ho ngo ‘Umuyaga uratuza, inyanja iratungana.” (Stanton 1951: 246-47) Nyuma yo gutungana

kw’inyanja, Yona 1: 16 (LXX) havuga hati, “Maze abo bagabo baherako batinya Uwiteka cyane.” Na none,

Insobanuro y’umwimerere ya Mariko 4:41 mu Kigiriki ivuga ngo, “Batinyana ubwoba bwinshi.” Kubera yuko

Yesu “aruta Yona,” ibi bituma habamo ubudasa hagati y’ibi bihe byombi. Muri izi nkuru ebyiri z’umuhengeri mu

Nyanja, “Yona yari afitiye ubwoba umurimo w’Imana. Yesu we yaruhishijwe no kuba mu murimo w’Imana.

Ikindi, Kristo yakoze icyo Yona atashoboye gukora, [ariko icyo ni cyo Imana yakoze muri icyo gihe cya Yona].

Yacyashye umuyaga kandi aturisha inyanja yarimo umuhengeri mwinshi; mu buryo bw’uko abantu batangajwe

n’imbaraga zikomeye yari afite.” (Ibid.: 247)

2. Ukwitangaho igitambo. “Nimba dushyira mu bitekerezo byacu ihuriro riri hagati ya Yona 1 no guturisha

inyanja, tuba twishyize mu mwanya mwiza kurushiriza wo kubona neza yuko mu ‘ikimenyetso cya Yona’ harimo

ibiruta iminsi itatu Yona yamaze mu nda y’urufi (Yona 2:1) nk’ikimneyetso cy’ukuzuka kwa Yesu ku munsi ugira

gatatu. Harimo na none urupfu rwo mu buryo rw’igitambo. Yona yaritanze (Yona 1:12), aramanuka ajya mu ‘nda

y’i Kuzimu’ (2:3 [2:2 muri Bibiliya yitwa Christian Bible]), aho ‘ubugingo bwe bwagiye muri rwa rwobo’ (2:8)

[2:7 muri Bibiliya yitwa Christian Bible], igisa n’urupfu cyakijije ubugingo bw’abandi, barizeye baramya Uwiteka

Yehovah (Yona 1:15-16). Ibi n’ikimenyetso cy’uburyo urupfu rwo mu buryo bw’igitambo rw’Umwana w’Umuntu

rukuraho ibyaha by’ab’isi bose, kandi aka gakiza kakirwa n’abo bose bamwizera.” (Lessing 2007: 18-19). Nuko

rero, nk’uko muri Yona 1: 14, abatware b’inkuge bemeye yuko “amaraso ya Yona nta cyaha yabarwagaho,” ni na

kwo Yuda yemeye yuko yagambaniye “amaraso atariho urubanza” (Mat 27:4), na wa musirikare wabambaga

Yesu yavuze ati, “n’ukuri, uyu muntu yari umukiranutsi” (Luka 23:47).

N’ubwo bimeze bityo, Yesu “aruta Yona” kuko, mu ukwitamba kwe nk’igitambo: “Kuko amahuriro yose

hagati y’aba bantu n’ubwo bombi barangwaga n’ubumuntu, hariho itandukaniro rinini. Urukundo rw’Imana

rwagiye hejuru ya Yona. Ku nkuge, yavuze amagambo asa n’aya Kayafa, avuga yuko icyaba cyiza ari uko umuntu

umwe yapfa kugira ngo akize ubuzima bwa bagenzi be (bihuze na Yohana 11:50) . . . kugeza ubwo yari yiteguye

guheba Ninewe yose kugira ngo arokore ubugingo bwe. Ariko ‘Yesu aruta Yona’ (Mat 12:41) kubera yuko

urukundo rw’Imana rwagize intsinzi mu mutima We.” (Work 2007: 173) Yesu ntiyari gutererana kiremwamuntu

irangwa n’ibyaha, ahubwo yaritanze kugira ngo habeho ubwiyunge hagati y’Imana na kiremwamuntu kirangwa

n’ibyaha. Igitambo cya Yona cyatumye ubuzima bw’abatware b’inkuge burokoka; igitambo cya Yesu kiri hejuru

y’icyo cya Yona kuko cyakijije kiremwamuntu ngo kidapfa urupfu rw’iteka ryose, ari rwo “rupfu rwa kabiri.”

“Bityo, ‘agakiza gakomoka ku Uwiteka Imana’ (Yona 2:10) kabonekera mu mibabaro, urupfu n’ukuzuka kwa

Yesu Kristo” (Lessing 2007:18). Timothy Keller abivuga mu nshamake ati, “Birasekeje yuko muri Mariko 4

abigishwa babajije bati, ‘Mwigisha, nta cyo bigutwaye kubona twenda kurohama?’ (Mariko 4: 38). Bizeye yuko


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yari agiye kubasinziriraho mu gihe bari bakeneye ko aba ari maso. Ubu na ho, biratandukanye, abigishwa bagiye

none kumusinziriraho, ubu na ho ni bo bamutereranye. Kandi abakunda ku ukugeza ku iherezo. Reba? Yona

akuwe mu nkuge ajugunywa mu nyanja kubera icyaha cye; ariko Yesu we ajugunywe i muhengeri kubera icyaha

cyacu. Yesu yari afite ubushobozi bwo kurokora abigishwa be abakura mu muhengeri kubera yajugunywe mu

muhengeri uruta indi yose.” (Keller 2015: 79-80)

3. Kumanuka i Kuzimu (Umworera). “I Kuzimu n’ahantu hatandukanye cyane n’ahantu ubwiza bw’Imana buba,

ikiranga abahatuye n’uko batandukanijwe n’Imana mu buryo buhoraho. . . . Hateguriwe bariya baciriwe ho iteka

n’Imana. . . . Kuzimu s’ijambo ry’Igihenurayo risobanura ya si iri munsi y’isi itegereje abantu bose. N’ahateguriwe

bariya baciriweho iteka n’Imana. Ibi bisobanura yuko uburyo Yona akoresha ijambo i Kuzimu (Sheol) muri 2:3

[2:2 muri Bibiliya yitwa ‘Christian Bible’] bisobanura yuko yari yaciriwe ho iteka n’Imana.” (Lessing 2002: 12-

13) LXX ari yo nsimuro ya Bibiliya ikurwa mu Giheburayo ishyirwa mu Kigiriki, hasobanura Sheol

nk’Umworera. Muri Mat 12:40, Yesu yigereranya na Yona, igihe avuga ati, ‘Nk’uko Yona yabaye mu nda

y’urufi iminsi itatu, ni na ko Umwana w’Umuntu aza . . . mu nda y’isi.” Nubwo abantu bamwe na bamwe bizera

yuko ibi ar’ikigereranyo cy’igituro gusa, hariho n’ibindi bintu bizamo: “Icya mbere, ijambo kardias (‘umutima’)

riza muri LXX ya Yona 2:4 [‘epfo cyane mu nda y’inyanja’], aho iryo huriro rihwanishwa n’Umworera (Sheol).

Icya kabiri, uburyo urugenfo rwa Yona ajya mu Umworera bisobanurwa muri LXX ya Yona 2:7 [2:6] ni katebēn

eis gē (‘Naramanutse epfo mu isi’); aha ngaha gēn =h’eretz = Sheol (Umworera – i Kuzimu). Yesu arimo abihuza

n’uburyo azamanuka akajya mu Umworera (i Kuzimu). Insobanuro y’ibanze y’ ‘ikimenyetso cya Yona,’

dushingiye kuri Matayo 12:40, n’ihuriro hagati y’uburyo Yona yamanutse ajya mu Umworera n’uburyo Umwami

wacu yahuye n’urupfu, na cyane-cyane, igihe We—kimwe na Yona—ajyanwa kure y’Ubwiza bw’Imana’ (Yona

2:5 [2:4]) igihe Data amuhebye, agataka, ati, ‘Mana yanjye, Mana yanjye, n’iki cyakumpebesheje?’ Matayo

27:46). Ariko, iyi si yo nsobanuro y’ukuri yabyo, kuko uburyo ibya Yona bivugwa mu gice cya kabiri biri mu

ndirimbo yo kuramya kubera ukurokoka avanwa mu ugucirwaho iteka. Nuko rero, Matayo 12:40 herekeza ku

ukuzuka kwa Kristo . . . nko kurokorwa uvanwa mu ugucirwa ho iteka n’Imana. Yesu ni We—na cyane-cyane

hejuru ya Yona—uwo igihe yatakira Data ari epfo cyane mu Umworera yumviswe n’ugutaka kwe kukishyurwa,

ubugingo bwe bukazamurwa buvanwa mu cyobo (reba Yona 2:3, 7 [2:6]; Abaheb. 5:7)” (Lessing 2007: 20-21).

Mu Ibyak 2:27-31, Petero avuga ku ukuzuka kwa Kristo yifashisha amagambo yo muri Zab 16: 10 yuko “Imana

itazareka ubugingo bwa Yesu ngo bujye i Kuzimu.” Igiheburayo cya Zab 16:10 havuga ku Umworera (Sheol).

Aha na ho nyene, “Yesu aruta Yona.” Yona yabaye mu nda y’isi iminsi itatu kubera icyaha cye no kwigomeka

kwe; Yesu yabaye mu nda y’urufi iminsi itatu kubera ukwigomeka kwe hejuru y’ibyaha by’abandi.

4. Ukuzuka. “Ukuzuka n’ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’Imana kuri Isirayeli, nk’uko byagiye biboneka mu

byabwirijwe mu Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa (2:24, 32, 36; 3:15; 13:30, 34, 37; 17:31)” (Osborne 2010: 486).

Ikibwirizwa cya Kiyuda uhereye mu kinjana cya mbere “cyifashisha amateka ya Yona mu nda y’urufi kimwe n’

‘ikimenyetso cy’ukuvuka ubugira kabiri’, nk’ ‘ikimenyetso n’ukuri.’ Kugeza ubwo Yona afatwa nk’uwageze i

kuzimu [mu umworera – Sheol] (reba Yona 2:2), ukurokorwa kwe gufatwa nk’ukuzuka. Ikindi, byamenyekanye

henshi yuko Yona ari umwana w’umupfakazi warezwe na Eliya mu 1 Abami 17:17-24. Nk’uko ibyanditswe byo

mu kinjana cya mbere bivuga, Eliya yazuye Yona amukura mu bapfuye kugira ngo amwigishe yuko bidashoboka

guhunga Imana.’ . . . Ibi byose bihwanye n’ibivugwa mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Matayo: Kuba Yona yamaze igihe

mu nda y’urufi n’ikimenyetso cyo mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi gihwanye n’ugupfa n’ukuzuka kwa Yesu

(bisobanurwa neza muri Mat 12:40 kandi bikemerwa neza muri Mat 16:4). Iki cyari gikwiye kuba ari cyo

kimenyetso kimwe cyonyine Isirayeli yari kuba yarasabye, ariko nk’uko Matayo abivuga, icyo kimenyetso

baracyimwe. Hirya muri ubwo Butumwa (ariko ni muri ubu Butumwa honyine), abayobozi b’idini ba Isirayeli

bagize icyo biga ku bijyanye n’ukuzuka kwa Yesu (Mat 28:11-15). Noneho bahuye n’iki kimenyetso cya Yona

bahaweho isezerano, aho kucyakirana kwihana, ahubwo bakomeza kugendera mu binyoma byatumye bakomeza

kwigomeka ku ubushake n’inzira by’Imana.” (Powell 2007: 161-62) Nuko rero, mu ukuzuka kwe, “Yesu aguma

aruta Yona”: Mu by’ukuri, nta wavuga yuko Yona yazutse ava mu bapfuye (cyangwa se, nimba yari yarapfiriye

mu nda y’urufi, yaba yarongeye gusubizwamo ubuzima kugira ngo abeho; ariko nyuma akongera gupfa ubundi);

Yesu we yanyuze mu rupfu nyarwo, rw’umubiri, nyuma aza kuzuka no kubaho ukundi; aho atazongera gupfa

ukundi. Ikindi, “Yesu ni We muganura w’abasinziriye” (1 Abakor 15:20) kandi azazanira ukuzuka kw’ubugingo

abo bose bari muri We (Yoh 5:28-29; 1 Abakor 15:12-23, 50-58).

5. “Iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu” (Mat 12:40). Icy’uko Yesu yahambwe ku munsi wa Gatanu ni mugoroba (Mat

57-60; Mariko 15:42-46; Luka 23:50-56; Yoh 19:31, 38-42) akazuka mu gitondo cyo ku Cyumweru (Mat 28:1-

6; Mariko 16:1-6; Luka 24:1-6; Yoh 20:1) ntibihakana icyanditswe kivuga ku “minsi itatu n’amajoro atatu.” Iyi

mvugo ifatwa nk’amagambo agendana. “Uburyo igitabo cyitwa Talmud cyandikiwe i Babuloni’(ibisobanuro

by’Abayuda) kivuga yuko, ‘igihimba cy’umunsi gifatwa nk’uwo munsi wuzuye.’ Talmud y’i Yerusalemu (yitwa

gutyo kuko yandikiwe i Yerusalemu) ivuga iti, ‘dufite inyigisho, “Umunsi n’ijoro ni Onah, igihimba cya Onah ni

igice cyuzuye cya Onah.’”” (McDowell 1981: 122) Mu gihe “amateka y’Abayuda yemeza yuko igihimba

cy’umunsi kigize umunsi wuzuye (reba Itang 42:17-18; 1 Sam 30:12-13; Esit 4:16; 5:1 [reba na none 1 Abami

20:29; 2 Ngoma 10:5, 12]), bityo, Yesu yabaye mu kuzimu ku munsi wa Gatanu, ku wa Gatandatu, ku Cyumweru;

bityo iyo mvugo irakwiriye” (Osborne 2010: 486; reba na none Delling 1964: 949-50). Mat 27:63-64 herekana

ikoreshwa ry’imvugo “iminsi itatu” nk’amagambo agendana; na cyane-cyane mu kubihuza n’uguhambwa kwa

Yesu: Kuri 27:63 Abafarisayo basanze Pilato bamusubiriramo amagambo Yesu yari yaravuze yuko, “Iminsi itatu


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nishira, azazuka.” Nuko rero, basabye yuko Pilato “atanga itegeko yuko igituro kirindwa kugeza ku munsi ugira

gatatu.” “Nimba imvugo ngo, ‘iminsi itatu nishira,’ itahinduranyijwe n’ indi ivuga ngo, ‘umunsi ugira gatatu,’

Abafarisayo bari kuba barasabye ko uburinzi bukomeza bukageza no ku munsi ugira kane” (McDowell 1981:

122). Ibi biremezwa muri Yoh 2:18-19 aho Abayuda na bo basabye Yesu ikimenyetso. Yesu yabasubije ati, “Ni

musenye uru rusengero na nje ndarwubaka mu minsi itatu” (aha yarimo avuga ku urusengero rw’umubiri we, Yoh

2:21-22). Mu kuganira kuri icyo gice, Martin Luther yavuze ati, “Iki gisubizo cya Yesu gisa n’ikiri muri Mat.

12:39-40, aho avuga yuko nta kindi kimenyetso kizahabwa abantu b’igihe kibi ‘keretse icy’umuhanuzi Yona.

Kuko, nk’uko Yona yabaye iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu mu nda y’urufi, ni ko n’Umwana w’umuntu azamara

iminsi itatu n’amajoro atatu mu nda y’isi.’ Aha ngaha, igisubizo ni kimwe; keretse amagambo n’uburebure

bw’inyigisho, ni byo gusa bitandukanye. Aravuga ati: ‘Iki ni cyo kimenyetso mbahaye: “Nimusenye uru

rusengero, nzarwubaka mu minsi itatu.’” Ibi bisobanura ngo: Nzaba ndi Yona muzajugunya mu nyanja, mu menyo

y’urufi, uwo muzabamba, mukica, ku munsi ugira gatatu, nkazuka.’” (Luther 1957: 2:242)

D. Umuntu ubwe

Yona yabereye ikimenyetso “Ab’i Nineve” (Luka 11:30). Muri uyu murongo “uwo Yona ashobora kugereranywa

n’igikomoka kuri sēmeion [‘ikimenyetso’] mu buryo bw’uko na we ubwe aba ikimenyetso” (Merrill 1980: 24n.13; reba na

none Osborne 2010: 485n.5 [ikimenyetso “cya Yona umuhanuzi” ni “insobanuro ivuga ku nkomoko, ikimenyetso ari cyo

Yona umuhanuzi’”]). Ikimenyetso cya Yona umuhanuzi cyasaga n’ikimenyetso cya Yesaya n’abahungu be (Yes 8:18;

bigereranye na 20:3), abo, kuba baragaragaye mu ubwami bwa Yuda byahwanishijwe n’ijambo ry’Uwiteka; kimwe

n’igicaniro n’inkingi byari kubera Uwiteka ‘ikimenyetso n’igihamya’ mu gihugu cya Egiputa (Yes. 19:20); kimwe na

Ezekiyeli, ugupfusha umugore we kwe byabereye Abayuda bari mu bunyage ikimenyetso (Ezek. 24:24); kimwe na Paulo,

muri we harimo ibimenyetso cyangwa se ibihamya biranga intumwa nyakuri (II Abakor. 12:12). Mu Isezerano rya Kera

kimwe no mu Rishya, icyo cyose cyatuma abantu birebaho kandi kikaba cyatuma Imana ifata icyemezo, byose byitwa

‘ikimenyetso,’ cyaba cyafatwa cyangwa se kitafatwa mu buryo bw’igitangaza.” (Scott 1965: 18-19) N’ubwo abahanuzi

bandi bacyaha ukutubaha Imana, bakaturira amahanga y’abapagani n’Abisirayeli ugucirwa ho iteka, Yona, ni we Muhanuzi

wenyine mu Baheburayo bose wavuzweho nk’uwagiye mu gihugu cy’amahanga akavugisha akanwa ke amaso mu yandi

ibyaha byabo n’ugusenywa kw’ubwami bwabo” (Ibid.: 20). Icy’uko yamizwe akaribwa n’urufi byari iby’ingenzi ku bantu

b’i Nineve, mu gihe Nineve hitwaga “Igisagara cy’Urufi”; imigenzo yaho na yo ikaba ivuga uwo mujyi nk’uwahanzwe

n’ifi-mana (Merrill 1980: 26-30). Ibisa n’ibi, Yesu yavuye mu rugo rwe mu ijuru aza mu isi. Ukuza kwa Yesu kwari

kwaravuzweho mbere y’aha, kandi icy’uko yari yakomotse kwa Data byagaragariye mu buzima bwe no mu bitangaza

yakoze. Ikindi, “Kuba Luka akoresha igihe cy’ejo hazaza (‘Umwana w’Umuntu azabera ab’iki gihe’…byerekeza ku

magambo [reba Mat 24:30 ‘ubwo ni bwo ikimenyetso cy’umwana w’umuntu kizabonekera mu ijuru’]. Bityo, kuri Luka,

‘ikimenyetso cya Yona’ gisa n’icyari gifite umumaro mu buryo bwinshi [bisobanura ko gifite insobanuro irenze imwe] kuri

Yesu ubwe no ku murimo watangiranye n’igikorwa yakoze ku isi cyo kubwiriza, nyuma akarangiza avuga ku ukugaruka

kwe kuzaba kurangwamo icyubahiro.” (Powell 2007: 162) Aha na none, Yesu yiyerekana nk’”uruta Yona”: “Yona

ntiyakunze ab’i Nineve mu buryo bw’uko yabahaye Imana. Ariko Imana Yo yakunze Nineve mu buryo yabahaye Yona.”

(Work 2007: 171-72) Ku bijyanye na Yesu na byo: “Kuko Imana yakunze abari mu isi cyane, byatumye itanga Umwana

wayo w’ikinege, kugira ngo ūmwizera wese atarimbuka, ahubwo ahabwe ubugingo buhoraho” (Yoh 3:16).

E. Ubutumwa Ishusho y’ubutumwa Yona atangariza Nineve (“Hasigaye iminsi mirongo ine, Ninewe hakarimbuka,” Yona 3:4)

ntitanga ishusho isobanutse kuri ubwo buryo bwo gucirwaho iteka. N’ubwo bimeze bityo, Yona ubwe yabonye ubwo

butumwa budasobanutse, uburyo ab’i Nineve bahamagarirwa ukwihana n’imbabazi z’Imana (Yona 4:2). Yesu,

bitandukanye n’uko byagenze kuri Yona, ntiyigeze ahunga cyangwa se ngo bibe ngombwa kuri we ko ahamagarirwa

umurimo we ubugira kabiri. Yatangiye umurimo we ku mugaragaro avuga mu magambo atomoye ahamagarira abantu

kwihana no kwamamaza ubuntu n’agakiza k’Imana, “Igihe kirasohoye, Ubwami bw’Imana buri hafi: nuko mwihane,

mwemere ubutumwa bwiza” (Mariko 1:15; reba na none muri Mat 4:17). Insanganyamatisko y’ugucirwaho iteka ntiyari

itomoye neza ariko yarumvikanaga. Nyuma yaho, mu murimo we, Yesu yatangaje ugucirwa ho iteka kwa Isirayeli mu

magambo atomoye (urugero, Mat 21:33-45; 23:29-39; 24:1-2, 15-19, 32-34; Mariko 12:1-12; 13:1-2, 14-19, 28-30;

Luka 11:45-51; 13:34-35; 19:41-44; 20:9-19; 21:5-6, 20-24, 29-32; n’ibyanditswe bivuga ku “kimenyetso cya Yona”

ubwacyo). “Nk’uko Yona yagenda avuga ati, ‘Hasigaye iminsi mirongo ine Nineve hakarimbuka,’ ni na kwo Yesu, mu

magambo ye, avuga mu buryo budatomoye ati, ‘hasigaye imyaka mirongo ine, Yerusalemu igasenywa’” (Wright 1996:

166n.95). Kubera yuko “aruta Yona,” Yesu ubwe atanga imbabazi n’ubugingo bushya, cyangwa se gucirwa ho iteka,

bishingiye ku buryo buri wese amwakira cyangwa se yanga kumwakira. Mu buryo bw’uburyarya, n’ubwo ab’i Nineve

b’abapagani bihanye nyuma yo kwakira ubutumwa babwirijwe na Yona, ubwoko bwite bwa Yesu—ishyanga rya

Isirayeli—bo ntibigeze bihana ngo bizere Yesu. Muri Luka 11:32, Yesu aravuga ati: “Abo basuzugura amagambo ye ni

babi kuruta ab’i Nineve kuko bo barihanye nyuma yo kwakira ubutumwa babwirijwe na Yona buri munsi mu buryo bumwe

n’ubwo Yesu yakoresheje. Iki kimenyetso kitumvikana (ab’i Nineve bazisanga ari bo babaye abacamanza babo ku munsi

w’urubanza) kivuga yuko ibisobanuro bye birimo umwuka w’uburyarya uranga igitabo cya Yona ubwacyo. Icyo yari

agamije ntibyari ukuzamura ugukiranuka kw’Abanyamahanga mu cyimbo cy’ukw’Abisirayeli ahubwo kwari uguseka

Abisirayeli kugira ngo babone uburyo bitwara bigereranyije n’Abapagani [gereranya na Mat 5:47, ‘n’Abapagani’].

Ikijyanye n’ insanganyamatsiko ivuga ku ‘Ikiruta ikindi’ cyaba kivuga ku Bisirayeli cyangwa se kuri We ubwe: Ubutumwa


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yabwirije bushobora kuba bwerekana ikiruta buriya Yona yabwirije, bityo n’ubwoko bw’isezerano bw’Imana na bwo buri

(cyangwa se bwari bukwiye kuba buri) hejuru y’ubwoko bw’i Nineve. Bityo, hagaragara uburyarya bwo mu nzego ebyiri:

Ubutumwa bubwirizwa n’Umwana w’Umuntu bugaragaye nk’ubugera ku ntego yabwo gahoro, bukarutwa na buriya

bwabwirijwe n’umuhanuzi wabikoranye ugushidikanya, ubwoko bw’isezerano bw’Imana na bwo bwibonekeza nk’ubutava

ku izima kuruta bariya banyabyaha ruharwa b’i Nineve.” (Powell 2007: 163-64)

III. Umwanzuro: Ikimenyetso cya Yona gifite Isano n’Itorero rya None “Ikimenyetso cya Yona” cyerekana imbabazi z’Imana (n’iza Yesu) ku Bayuda kimwe no ku Banyamahanga.

“Imana isaba Yona gusobanura mu buryo bugaragara intego ishingiye ku ubutavugirwamo bw’Imana inyuza mu gutanga

imbabazi ku Banyamahanga. Kandi intego yo gutanga imbabazi imeze nk’indorerwamo—mu gushotora Isirayeli ngo

yumve icyaha cyayo, icishywe bugufi, nyuma igere ku ukwihana. Imana itanga ukwihana kuganisha ku ubugingo ku bantu

b’i Nineve kugira ngo icyo kimenyetso kizandikwe mu mateka y’Ibyanditswe bya Isirayeli. Imana iha Abanyamahanga

ukwihana inyuze muri Yona kugira ngo ivuge, mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, ku uzaza aruta Yona inyuma ye. . . . [Yesu]

yatumye abamuserukiraga ngo basange Abanyamahanga kandi ngo bategeke abantu bose kwihana kugira ngo bizere.

Kandi, dore, Abanyamahanga barihana, bakizera. Imana ikoresha ibi byose mu mugambi wayo wo mu buryo

butavugirwamo wo kurema ifuhe mu Bisirayeli (Abar. 10: 19; 11: 13, 14) kugira bumve kandi bubahe ijwi ry’uruta Yona—

uwo Abanyamahanga banyuramo bakagera ku mucyo n’Imbabazi z’Uwiteka.” (Dennison 1993:25) Nuko rero, “twashobora

kuvuga yuko Luka na Matayo, bombi, bahuza ikimenyetso cya Yona cyo mu gihe cyabo ‘n’ukubwiriza gukorwa n’itorero.’

Byokabaye bifite ireme kurushiriza igihe imenyekanishamana riri mu butumwa bwiza bwa Luka risobanuye neza yuko

ubutumwa bwiza bwigishwa mu itorero ari ubwo guhamagarira abantu kwihana (Luka 24:47) bushingiye ku ubuzima na

misiyo bya Yesu (Ibyakozwe 1:1). Byokabaye bifite ireme kurushiriza igihe imenyekanishamana riri mu butumwa bwiza

bwa Matayo risobanuye neza yuko ubutumwa bwiza bwigishwa mu itorero bwaba bushingiye ku urupfu n’ukuzuka kwa

Yesu, kuko ari byo bimuha ubutware bwo kwubaka itsinda rishya ry’abigishwa agumana na bo kugeza ku mperuka y’ibihe

(Mat. 28: 18-20).” (Powell 2007: 164)64

Iyo misiyo izakomeza kugeza ubwo Kristo azagarukira; mu gihe itorero ari

igikoresho cy’Imana cyo kwamamaza ubutumwa Bwiza kuri bariya Kristo “ugacungurira Imana, abo mu miryango yose,

no mu ndimi zose no mu mōko yose no mu mahanga yose, ubacunguje amaraso yawe” (Ibyah 5:9). Ubu noneho, iyi misiyo

ni nini kuruta iyo mu gihe cya Yona kuko muri Kristo “nta Muyuda cyangwa se Umunyamahanga” ukiriho (Abagal 3:28;

Abakol 3:11), ahubwo, “ba babiri, abarememo umuntu umwe mushya muri We, ngo azane amahoro atyo; kandi ngo

bombi, abagire umubiri umwe, abungishe n’Imana umusaraba, awicishije bwa bwanzi” (Abef 2:15-16).

UMUGEREKA WA 8—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BWA ASHURI, BABULONI N’UBUPERESI

http://www.bible.ca/maps/maps-near-east-500BC.htm

64

Biratangaje cyane, “Amashusho ya Yona agaragara kenshi cyane kurushiriza mu bwihisho bw’Abaroma kuruta ahandi

hose muri Bibiliya” (Lessing 2007: 10). Ibi bishobora gutanga ishusho yuko, hejuru y’ibyo Yesu yavuze yuko abigishwa

be bazaba “abarobyi b’abantu” (Mat 4: 19; Mariko 1:17; Luka 5:10), “ikimenyetso cya Yona” cyagendanaga n’

“ikimenyetso cy’urufi” nk’ikimenyetso cyakoreshwaga n’Abakristu b’Itorero rya Mbere mu buryo bw’ibanga igihe

bashakaga kuvuga aho bari buhurire, ibituro hamwe n’ikimenyetso cyatumaga bamenyana.


168

UMUGEREKA WA 9—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BW’ABAROMA & INTARA ZABWO

http://www.bible.ca/maps/maps-roman-empire-peak-116AD.jpg


169

UMUGEREKA WA 10—IKARITA YA KANANI: IMIGABANE Y’UBUTAKA KU MIRYANGO 12

http://www.bible-history.com/geography/maps/map_canaan_tribal_portions.html

UMUGEREKA WA 11—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BWIBUMBIYE HAMWE BWA ISIRAYELI

http://www.bible.ca/maps/maps-united-kingdom.htm


170

UMUGEREKA WA 12—IKARITA Y’UBWAMI BWA YUDA NA ISIRAYELI NYUMA YO GUCIKAMO IBICE

http://www.bible.ca/maps/maps-divided-kingdom.htm

UMUGEREKA WA 13—IKARITA YA ISIRAYELI MU BIHE BY’ISEZERANO RISHYA

http://www.bible-history.com/maps/palestine_nt_times.html


171

UMUGEREKA WA 14—IGISHUSHANYO-MBONERA CY’IHEMA RY’IBONANIRO

http://blogs.bible.org/impact/hal_warren/the_tabernacle_of_moses_%E2%80%93_god%E2%80%99s_heavenly_pattern_fo

r_our_spiritual_transformation_part_v

UMUGEREKA WA 15—ISHUSHO Y’URUSENGERO RUGIRA KABIRI (RWUBATSWE NA HERODI)

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/537828380471952314/


172

IBITABO BYIFASHISHIJWE

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Alcorn, Randy. 2009. If God Is Good= Nimba Imana ari Nziza. Colorado Springs, CO: Multnomah. Preview online:

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Alexander, T. D. 1993. “Genealogies, Seed and the Compositional Unity of Genesis = Ibisekuruza, Urubuto n’Ubumwe

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Archer, Gleason. 1982. Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties = Digisiyoneri Nini ivuga ku bibazo Bibiliya yahuye na byo.

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Assohoto, Barnabe, and Samuel Ngewa. 2006. “Genesis = Itangiriro.” In Africa Bible Commentary = Ibisobanuro bya

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Bahnsen, Greg. 1991. “The problem of Evil = Ikibazo cy’Ikibi.” Online: http://www.cmfnow.com/articles/pa105.htm.

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Imenyekanishamana y’Isezerano Rishya , vol. 3, ed. Gerhard Kittel, 722-43. Translated by Geoffrey Bromiley.

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nk’uko Abakristu babyizera .” Ph.D. diss., New York University.

Belleville, Linda. 1986. “‘Under Law’: Structural Analysis and the Pauline Concept of Law in Galatians 3:21-4:11=

‘“Munsi y’Amategeko’: Isesengura n’Igitekerezo cya Paulo ku Mategeko mu Abagalatiya 3:21-4:11.’” Journal for

the Study of the New Testament 26: 53-78 = Ikinyamakuru ku uburyo bwo kwiga Isezerano Rishya 26: 53-78.

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ed. Grand Rapids:

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Bisobanuro ku uburyo Isezerano Rishya ryifashisha Isezerano rya Kera ed. G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson, 1-109.

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y’Umwami Yesu Kristo.” Mu buryo bwitwa Disipensasiyonalisimu, Isirayeli n’Itorero, ed. Craig Blaising and

Darrell Bock, 37-67. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Preview online:


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. 1996. Luke 9:51-24:53 (BECNT). Grand Rapids: Baker.

Boice, James. 1986. Foundations of the Christian Faith = Imfatizo z’Ukwizera kwa Gikristu, rev. ed. Downers Grove, IL:

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and Mission 22 (February): 18-26 = Ugutanga Imigisha ku Miryango Yose yo ku Isi: Imigenzo ishingiye ku

Isezerano Rikuru muri Luka-Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, Ibitekerezo bitandukanye mu Imenyekanishamana na Misiyo 22

(Gashyantare)

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Bretscher, Paul. 1954. “The Covenant of Blood = Isezerano Rikuru ry’Amaraso.” Concordia Theological Monthly 25:199-

209.

Brueggemann, Walter. 1998. Isaiah 40-66 = Yesaya 40-66. Louisville KY: Westminster John Knox. Preview online:


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https://books.google.com/books/about/Isaiah_40_66.html?id=sVcf8MfJ8_EC.

Bruno, Christopher. 2010. “‘Jesus is our Jubilee’ . . . But how? The OT Background and Lukan Fulfillment of the

Ethics of Jubilee. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 53: 81-101 = ‘Yesu ni We Yubile yacu’ . . . Ariko se ni

gute? Amateka ajyanye n’Isezerano rya Kera n’uburyo Luka avuga ku isohoza ry’ibijyanye n’imiterere ya Yubile.

= Ikinyamakuru kivuga kuri sosiyete yubatse ku ivugabutumwa rishingiye ku imenyekansihamana .. . Online:

http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/53/53-1/JETS_53-1_081-101_Bruno.pdf.

Burke, Trevor. 2006. Adopted into God’s Family: Exploring a Pauline Metaphor (NSBT 22) = Uwarerewe mu Muryango

w’Imana: Gusuzuma igishushanyo cya Paulo. Nottingham, England: Apollos. Preview online:


Busenitz, Irvin. 1986. “Woman’s Desire for Man: Genesis 3:16 Reconsidered = Inyota Umugore agirira Umugabo:

Itangiriro 3: 16 Byasubiwemo”. Grace Theological Journal 7: 203-12 = Ikinyamakuru kivuga ibijyanye n’Ubuntu.

Online: http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Busenitz-

Gen3-GTJ.pdf.

. 1999. “Introduction to the Biblical Covenants: The Noahic Covenant and the Priestly Covenant.” The Masters

Seminary Journal 10: 173-89 = Iriburiro ku Masezerano Makuru ya Bibiliya: Isezerano Rikuru ryahawe Nowa

n’Isezerano Rikuru ry’Ubutambyi. The Masters Seminary Journal 10: 173-89 = Ikinyamakuru cyo muri Semineri

itanga impamyabumenyi y’Ikirenga (Maîtrise). Online: http://www.tms.edu/tmsj/tmsj10m.pdf.

Carson, D. A. 1982. “Jesus and the Sabbath in the Four Gospels = Yesu n’Isabato mu Bitabo bine bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza.”

In From Sabbath to Lord’s Day A Biblical, Historical and Theological Investigation, Imbere muri ‘Hagati

y’Isabato n’Umunsi w’Umwami’, Ubushakashatsi bushingiye kuri Bibiliya, Amateka n’Imenyekansihamana , ed.

D. A. Carson, 57-97. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Preview online:


. 1984. “Matthew.” In Expositor’s Bible Commentary = “Matayo.” Mu ishyirwa ahagaragara kw’Ibisobanuro bya

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. 1990. How Long O Lord? = Bizageza Ryari Mwami? Grand Rapids: Baker. Preview online (another edition):


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Kiremwamuntu. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock. Preview online (another edition):


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. 2003. Preaching Christ in All of Scripture = Kubwiriza kuri Kristo mu Byanditswe Byose. Wheaton, IL:

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Evangelical Divinity School.

Cole, R. A. 1989. The Letter of Paul to the Galatians = Urwandiko rwa Paulo ku Bagalatiya, 2nd

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zishingiye ku Imenyekanishamana no ku miterere ari ngombwa.” Foundations 5: 9-12 = Imfatizo 5:9-12. Online:

http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the-indispensability-of-theological-meta-ethical-foundations-for-morality.

. 2007. “Q&A #16: Slaughter of the Caananites = Itsembwa ry’Abanyakanani.” Online:

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Cross, John. 2012. The Stranger on the Road to Emmaus = Umushyitsi ku Urugendo rugana Emmaus. Olds, AB, Canada:

GoodSeed.

. 2014. “Where in the Scriptures does it say that God told Cain and Abel to bring a blood sacrifice = Ni he mu

Ibyanditswe bivugwa yuko Imana yabwiye Kayini na Abel kugemura igitambo cy’amaraso?” Online:

http://www.goodseed.com/blog/2014/01/02/where-in-the-scriptures-does-it-say-that-god-told-cain-and-abel-to-

bring-a-blood-sacrifice/.

Danielou, Jean. 1960. From Shadows to Reality: Studies in the Biblical Typology of the Fathers = Uhereye ku Bicucu

ukageza ku Bifatika byabyo: Amasomo mu Imenyekanishamana rishingiye kuri Bibiliya rya ba Sogokuru.

Westminster, MD: Newman.

Davids, Peter. 1982. The Epistle of James = Urwandiko rwa Yakobo (NIGTC). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Preview online:


Davies, J. G. 1965. The Early Christian Church = Itorero rya Mbere rya Kristu. Grand Rapids: Baker.

DeLacey, D. R. 1982. “The Sabbath/Sunday Question and the Law in the Pauline Corpus From Sabbath to Lord’s Day: A

Biblical, Historical and Theological Investigation = Ikibazo ku Isabato/Ku Cyumweru n’Amategeko mu Nzandiko

za Paulo .” Mu Uhereye ku Isabato ukageza ku Umunsi w’Umwami, ed. D. A. Carson, 159-95. Grand Rapids:

Zondervan. Preview online: https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1579103073.

Delling, Gerhard. 1964. “Hēmera.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament = Mu Inkoranyamagambo ishingiye ku

Imenyekanishamana y’Isezerano Rishya , vol. 2, ed. Gerhard Kittel, 943-53. Translated by Geoffrey Bromiley =

Yasimuwe na Geoffrey Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Preview online (abridged edition):


Dennison, James. 1993. “The Sign of Jonah = Ikimenyetso cya Yona.” Kerux 8: 31-35. Online:

http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV8N3A3.asp.

Dostoevsky, Fyodor. 1957. The Brothers Karamazov = Abavandimwe ba Karamazov. Translated by Constance Garnett =

Cyasimuwe na Constance Garnett. New York: New American Library. Online (another edition):

http://pinkmonkey.com/dl/library1/book0664.pdf.

Dumbrell, William. 2001. “Genesis 2:1-3: Biblical Theology of Creation Covenant.” Evangelical Review of Theology 25:

219-30 = Itangiriro 2: 1-3: Imenyekansihamana rishingiye kuri Bibiliya ry’Isezerano Rikuru ry’Irema.” Isubiramo

rishingiye ku Ivugabutumwa ry’Imenyekanishamana 25:219-30.

Edersheim, Alfred. 1988. The Temple = Urusengero. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Online:

https://books.google.com/books?id=XFc-AAAAYAAJ.

Edwards, James. 2015. The Gospel according to Luke = Ubutumwa Bwiza nk’uko bwanditswe na Luka (PNTC). Grand

Rapids: Eerdmans. Preview online: https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0802837352.

Edwards, Jonathan. 1984 (reprint). The Works of Jonathan Edwards. Vol. 1, A Careful and Strict Inquiry into the

Prevailing Notions of the Freedom of Will; Dissertation on the End for which God Created the World; The Great

Christian Doctrine of Original Sin Defended; A History of the Work of Redemption = Ibikorwa bya Jonathan

Edwards. Vol. 1, Ubushakashatsi bwakoranywe ubwitonzi mu bivugwa ku Umudendezo ushingiye ku Ubushake;

Ibyanditswe ku Mpamvu Imana yaremye Isi; Inyigisho zikomeye za Gikristu ku cyaha cy’Inkomoko

zarashimangiwe; Amateka y’Igikorwa cy’Ugucungurwa.. Carlisle, PA: The Banner of Truth Trust = Itangazo

ry’Ukuri - Ukwiringira. Online: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/edwards/works1.html.

. 1986 (reprint). The Works of Jonathan Edwards. Vol. 2, Remarks on Important Theological Controversies =


176

Ibikorwa bya Jonathan Edwards. Igitabo cya 2, Ibitekerezo ku bihushane bishingiye ku Imenyekanishamana.

Carlisle, PA: The Banner of Truth – Trust: Itangazo ku Ukuri Ukwiringira. Online:

http://www.ccel.org/ccel/edwards/works2.toc.html.

The Epistle of Barnabas = Urwandiko rwa Barunaba. c.70-131. The Apostolic Fathers = Intumwa z’Ababyeyi 2nd

ed.,

1989, ed. Michael Holmes, translated by J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 159-88. Grand Rapids: Baker. Online:

http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01/Page_137.html.

Erlandson, Doug. 1991. “A New Perspective on the Problem of Evil = Umurongo mushya ku kibazo cy’Ikibi.” Online:

http://www.reformed.org/webfiles/antithesis/index.html?mainframe=/webfiles/antithesis/v2n2/

ant_v2n2_evil.html.

Essex, Keith. 1999. “The Abrahamic Covenant = Isezerano ryahawe Aburahamu.” The Master’s Seminary Journal 10: 191-

212. Online: http://www.ondoctrine.com/2ess0001.pdf.

Feinberg, John. 1994. The Many Faces of Evil = Impande nyinshi z’Ikibi. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Preview online

(another edition): https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Many_Faces_of_Evil.html?id=keqAbvGS-RYC.

. 2001. No One Like Him = Nta n’Umwe Umeze nka We. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. Preview online:


Ferraiolo, William. 2005. “Eternal Selves and the Problem of Evil = Ukwikunda kw’iteka ryose hamwe n’Ikibazo cy’Ikibi.”

Quodlibet 7:2 (April-June): no pages. Online: http://www.quodlibet.net/articles/ferraiolo-evil.shtml.

Foh, Susan. 1974-75. What is the woman’s desire? “N’iki Ukwifuza kw’Umugore Gushingiyeho?” Westminster

Theological Journal 37: 376-83. Online: http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-

Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Foh-WomansDesire-WTJ.pdf.

Ford, Desmond. 1979. The Abomination of Desolation in Biblical Eschatology = Ikizira cy’Ubuyobe cyo mu bihe bya

nyuma nk’uko byanditswe muri Bibiliya. Washington, DC: University Press of America.

France, R. T. 1975. “Old Testament Prophecy and the Future of Israel: A Study of the Teaching of Jesus = Ubuhanuzi bwo

mu Isezerano n’ejo hazaza ha Isirayeli: Isomo ku Nyigisho za Yesu .” Tyndale Bulletin 26:53-78. Online:

http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/index.php?page=frame&add=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/TynBul/Library/00_Ty

ndaleBulletin_ByAuthor.htm.

. 2007. The Gospel of Matthew = Ubutumwa Bwiza nk’uko bwanditswe na Matayo (NICNT). Grand Rapids:

Eerdmans. Preview online: https://books.google.com/books?isbn=080282501X.

Fretheim, Terrence. 2005. God and World in the Old Testament: A Relational Theory of Creation = Imana n’Isi yo mu gihe

cy’Isezerano rya Kera: Inyigisho z’Irema zishingiye ku mibanire Nashville, TN: Abingdon. Preview online:

https://books.google.com/books?id=EzwlBa8HP_gC&pg=PT6&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&

q&f=false.

Gay, John. 2002. “Remnant Theology: Different Perspectives on the Church and Israel = Imenyekanishamana

ry’amasigarira: Imirongo itandukanye ku bijyanye n’Itorero na Isirayeli.” No pages = Nta nomero z’inkaratasi.

Online: http://www.leaderu.com/theology/remnanttheo.html.

Gentry, Peter. 2010. “Daniel’s Seventy Weeks and the New Exodus = Ibyumweru Mirongo Irindwi bya Daniyeli no Kuva

kwo mu buryo bushya.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 14: 26-44. Online:

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Merrill, Eugene. 1980. “The Sign of Jonah = Ikimenyetso cya Yona.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 23:

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Moo, Douglas. 1984. “Jesus and the Authority of the Mosaic Law = Yesu n’Ubutware bw’Amategeko ya Mose.” Journal

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. 1988. “The Law of Moses or the Law of Christ = Amategeko ya Mose cyangwa se Itegeko rya Kristo.” In

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Pao, David, and Eckhard Schnabel. 2007. “Luke.” In Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament =

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Pickle, Bob. 2004. “Ezekiel’s City: Calculating the Circumference of the Earth = Ururembo nk’uko ruvugwa na Ezekiyeli –

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Plummer, Alfred. 1942 (reprint). A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Luke (ICC) =

Ubusobanuro bwo mu buryo bwimbitse kandi burimo impaka bw’Ubutumwa Bwiza nk’uko bwanditswe na Luka, 5th

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Powell, Mark. 2007. “Echoes of Jonah in the New Testament.” World & Word 27: 157-64 = Ijwi rya Yona mu Isezerano

Rishya.” Isi & Ijambo 27: 157-64. Online: http://wordandworld.luthersem.edu/issues.aspx?article_id=979.

Poythress, Vern. 1991. The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses = Igicucu cya Kristo mu Matageko ya Mose. Brentwood,

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“Ibyiza byacu byose muri Kristu: Kubona Ukuboko kw’Imana kw’ubuntu mu Mibabaro duterwa n’abandi.” Audio

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185

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Wright. N. T. 1996. Jesus and the Victory of God = Yesu n’Intsinzi y’Imana. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress. Preview online:


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Yarbrough, Robert. 1996. “Biblical Theology.” In Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology = “Imenyekanishamana.”

Muri Inkoranyamagambo y’Imenyekanishamana rishingiye kuri Bibiliya , ed. Walter Elwell, 61-66. Grand Rapids:

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Zodhiates, Spiros. 1993. The Complete Word Study Dictionary = Inkoranyamagambo irimo ubusobanuro ku Ijambo

Ryuzuye: New Testament, rev. ed. Chattanooga, TN: AMG.

UMWANDITSI

Jonathan Menn atuye muri in Appleton, WI, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Yaronse

impamyabumenyi y’Icyiciro cya Mbere cya Kaminuza muri 1974 mu Bumenyi bw’Ibya Politike muri

Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison, n’amanota yo mu urwego rw’Ikirenga. Nyuma yagiye kwinjira mu

rugaga rwitwa Phi Beta honor Kappa. Yinjiye mu ishule ryigaga iby’Amategeko rya Cornell, aho

yabonye impamyabumenyi yaranzwe n’amanota yo mu urwego rw’intashikirwa muri 1977. Yinjiye

mu rugaga rw’abanyeshule bagiye babona amanota yo hejuru kurusha abandi ari yo bita “Coif Legal

Honor Society”. Yamaze imyaka 28 akora umurimo w’Umunyamategeko, nk’umushingwamanza mu

bijyanye n’Iby’Imitungo mu Biro bya Menn Law muri Appleton, WI. Muri 1982, yarizeye, yakira

Yesu, ahita ahinduka Umwigishwa we. Urukundo yakunze Imenyekanishamana (Theology) n’urwo

yakunze umurimo w’Imana rwatumye akurikirana amashule y’Ibijyanye no Kumenya Imana (Divinity)

ahabonera impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza yo mu urwego rw’Ikirenga yitwa Masters mu ishule yitwa

Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, IL mu ukwezi kwa gatanu 2007. Hagati ya 2007 na

2013, yabaye Umuyobozi w’umuryango ukorera muri Afurika y’i Burasirazuba witwaga ‘Equipping

Pastors International’. Ubu na ho Jonathan ni Umuyobozi w’umuryango witwa Equipping Church

Leaders – East Africa (www.eclea.net). Inzandiko ze zikoranye ubushishozi n’umwete zifasha abifuza

kumenya no kwigisha ibijyanye na Bibiliya. Abifuza inyigisho ze bashobora kuzisanga kuri

www.eclea.net. Ushaka kuganira na Jonathan yashobora kumubona kuri [email protected]

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