Illustrationsandreferences

Fig1:SeawaterGreenhouse,Tenerife1994,introducedseawatercoolingandfan-lesswind-drivenventilation,thusprovidingbothwaterandenergysavingforhorticultureinaridareas(photoP.Davies)

Fig2:IntheUAEphoto-selectivecladdingwastrialledandsolardistillationwasfullyintegratedwiththesecondSeawaterGreenhouseprototype(photoC.Paton2000).

Fig3:SeawaterGreenhouseconstructedinOmanin2004,followingdetailedcomputertoensureeffectiveclimatecontroldespitetheharshclimate(photoC.Paton2006).

Fig4:Renewableenergy(PV)usedtodriveventilationfansatPortAugusta,Australia(photoC.Paton2010)

Seawatercoolingandwind-drivenventilationcanbeusedeffectivelywithshade-nets–promisingacrucialadvantageoflowcostforthetargetmarketinAfrica.ComputermodelsdevelopedatAstonUniversityhavebeenusedtocheckthefeasibilityofthisconcept–followingthevalidationofthemodelsagainstdatapublishedfromGreeceandFlorida[11,12].Reportsandpeer-reviewedarticles1. G.W.Hickman:InternationalGreenhouseVegetableProductionStatistics(2014).2. O.vanKooten,E.HeuvelinkandC.Stanghellini:NewDevelopmentsinGreenhouseTechnologycanMitigatetheWaterShortage

Problemsofthe21stCentury,ActaHort,767(2008).3. N.C.Sabeh,G.A.Giacomelli,C.Kubota:WaterUseinaGreenhouseinasemi-aridClimate,TransASABE,54,1069-1077(2011).4. F.Villarreal-Guerreroetal:Implementationofagreenhousecoolingstrategywithnaturalventilationandvariablefoggingrates,

TransASABE,56,295-304(2013).5. J.Tanny,L.HaijunandS.Cohen:Airflowcharacteristics,energybalanceandeddycovariancemeasurementsinabanana

screenhouse,AgriculturalandForestMeteorology,139,105-118(2006).6. LightWorksLtd,TheSeawaterGreenhouseforAridLands,Progressreports1-6,ECResearchContractAIR-CT-920508(1992-4).7. P.A.DaviesandC.Paton:TheSeawaterGreenhouseintheUnitedArabEmirates:thermalmodellingandevaluationofdesign

options,Desalination173,2,103–111(2005).8. P.A.Davies,A.K.Hossain,G.LychnosandC.Paton:Energysavingandsolarelectricityinfan-ventilatedgreenhouses,ISHSInt.

WorkshoponGreenhouseEnvironmentalControl.andCropProductioninSemi-AridRegions,Tucson(October2008),ActaHorticulturae,797,95-101(2008).

9. P.A.DaviesandA.K.Hossain:Developmentofanintegratedreverseosmosis-greenhousesystemdrivenbysolarphotovoltaicgenerators,DesalinationandWaterTreatment,22,1-13(2010)

10. P.A.Davies,R.Srivastava,B.Kaphaliya,A.K.Hossain,O.NgoyeIgobo,andG.Garantziotis:Agreenhouseintegratingdesalination,watersavingandrainwaterharvestingforuseinsalt-affectedinlandregions,JournalofScientificandIndustrialResearch,70,628-633(2011).

11. S.P.Arthurs,R.H.StampsandF.F.Giglia:EnvironmentalModificationInsidePhotoselectiveShadehouses,HortScience,48(8),975-979(2013).

12. T.Bartzanas,D.Fidaros,C.Baxevanou,andC.Kittas:ClimateDistributioninaFanandPadEvaporativeCooledGreenhouse:aCFDApproach,ISHSActaHorticulturae1008:1stInternationalSymposiumonCFDApplicationsinAgriculture(2013).

Furtherreferencesa. ACoghlan,Greenhouseplanstoreapseawind,NewScientist29May1993b. F.Pearce,Therainmaker,NewScientist,26Jan2002c. P.Hitchin:Seawatergreenhouses:growingfoodintheworld’sdriestregions,IET,9(6),June2014.d. C.Paton:Vapourvalue,GlobalWaterForum,April2014,www.globalwaterforum.org/2014/04/01/vapour-value/e. EarthInstitute,ColumbiaUniversitySeawaterGreenhousesproducetomatoesinthedesertf. FT:KKRtakes$100mstakeinSundropFarms,Dec2014g. BBCRadio4,Wow!Howdidtheydothat?11Sep2014h. BloombergTV,Usingseawatertofarminthedesert

SeawaterGreenhouseSomaliland–OurLatestProject

Usingexperiencegainedonpreviousprojects,SeawaterGreenhousehasnowdevelopedanew,low-costandmodulardesignsolutionforusebysmallholderfarmingunits.After18monthsofdesign,modellingandtestingwearenowreadytodeployourlatestinnovationnearthetownofBerberainSomaliland.Thegreenhousesaremuchsimplerandcheaperthanpreviousiterations,butstillfullybenefitfromtheeffectsofseawaterevaporativecoolingandhumidification.ByminimizingCAPEXandmakingthedesignmodular,wehopetogreatlyexpandourpotentialmarket.ThepilotfacilitybuildinSomalilandissettobeginconstructioninMarch2017,withplansforacommercialscale-uplaterintheyear.

Arenderingoftheone-hectarepilotfacilityunderconstructioninSomaliland

Furtherinformationcanbefoundonourwebsitewww.seawatergreenhouse.com