Illicit Manufacture - United Nations

Illicit Manufacture

Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2014-2018.

Africa

Southern and South-Eastern Africa

Country or Territory Year Main substances

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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

South Africa 282018 Cannabis (non-specified) 28ARQ

6Methcathinone 6ARQ

10Methaqualone 10ARQ

2Anabolic steroids 2ARQ

2Non-specified 2ARQ

2Ecstasy (non-specified) 2ARQ

10Methamphetamine (non-specified) 10ARQ

60Total laboratories specified by substance, South Africa-2018:

South Africa 522017 Unknown 41 5 4 2 15 25 11 1 250ARQ


South Africa 12016 Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 1 10ARQ

2Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ

10Methcathinone 8 2 10ARQ

8Methaqualone 8 8ARQ

Heroin 2 8ARQ

7Cannabis (non-specified) 7 7ARQ


South Africa 292015 Unknown 12 6 3 1 4 24 1 0 029ARQ


Page 1 of 30


West and Central Africa


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Nigeria 32018 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3 2 1 3ARQ

3Total laboratories specified by substance, Nigeria-2018:

Nigeria 12017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ


Nigeria 2016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1 1 1ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Nigeria-2016:

Nigeria 22015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ


Nigeria 22014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ


Americas

Caribbean


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Dominican Republic 12017 Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 Ketamine0ARQ

1Fentanyl 10ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Dominican Republic-2017:

Central America (excluding Mexico)


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Page 2 of 30


El Salvador 2015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 0ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, El Salvador-2015:

Guatemala 32018 Cocaine (non-specified) 3 2 3 0 0 3 0 0 3ARQ

3Total laboratories specified by substance, Guatemala-2018:

Guatemala 12016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ


Guatemala 2015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5 5 5 40ARQ

Amphetamine (non-specified) 5 5 5 40ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Guatemala-2015:

Guatemala 52014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 50ARQ



Honduras 22018 Coca paste 2ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Honduras-2018:

Honduras 2017 Cocaine (non-specified) 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Honduras-2017:

Honduras 12016 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ

2Marijuana (herb) 2 2 2 Amphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ


Honduras 12015 Cocaine Hydrochloride 1ARQ


Northern America (including Mexico)

Country or Territory Year Main substancesN

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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Page 3 of 30


Canada 22018 Fentanyl 2 1 1 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)1ARQ

1Cannabis (non-specified) 1 1 01ARQ

4Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 1 1 3 1 1 Fentanyl3ARQ

7Total laboratories specified by substance, Canada-2018:

Canada 72017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 7 3 1 3 1 Fentanyl6ARQ

1Unknown 1 1 1ARQ

1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1ARQ

1Mescaline 1 1 1ARQ

1Unknown 1 1 1ARQ


Canada 82016 Cocaine (non-specified) 08ARQ



1Fentanyl 01ARQ

3Heroin 03ARQ

22Unknown 22ARQ


Canada 12014 Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01ARQ

1Ephedrine 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01ARQ

7Cannabis oil 5 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 07ARQ

2Alprazolam 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 02ARQ

29Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4 7 18 0 0 3 1 0 3 Ephedrine26ARQ

4MDMA 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)3ARQ

3GHB 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 03ARQ

3MDA 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 Ketamine, Methamphetamine (non-specified)1ARQ


Mexico 92018 Heroin 90OC2020

52Methamphetamine (non-specified) 52 52OC2020

61Total laboratories specified by substance, Mexico-2018:

Page 4 of 30


Mexico 922017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 92 92ARQ

8Heroin 8 8ARQ


Mexico 1332016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 133 133ARQ

3Heroin 3 3ARQ


Mexico 32015 Heroin 3 3ARQ



Mexico 92014 Morphine 9 9 9ARQ

10Heroin 10 10ARQ



United States of America 32018 Methcathinone 3 3ARQ

1,607Methamphetamine (non-specified) 987 179 441 1,426 1,167 11 1,607ARQ

169Tetrohydrocannabinol 161 7 169ARQ

2GHB 1 1 2 2ARQ

9Fentanyl 8 1 1 9ARQ

11Amphetamine (non-specified) 7 2 2 11ARQ

2Phencyclidine (PCP) 1 1 2ARQ

10Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 9 1 1 10ARQ

1,813Total laboratories specified by substance, United States of America-2018:

United States of America 3,0362017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3,036Govt


United States of America 5,4672016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5,467Govt


Page 5 of 30


United States of America 112015 MDMA 7 1 3 4 0 1 2 11ARQ

18Anabolic steroids 15 3 11 3 1 18ARQ

5Psilocybin 3 2 2 1 5ARQ

260Tetrohydrocannabinol 231 12 17 142 45 40 1 260ARQ

1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ

3GBL, GHB 3 1 2 3ARQ

61Amphetamine (non-specified) 42 9 10 25 9 7 1 61ARQ

11Methcathinone 4 3 4 4 0 0 0 11ARQ

7,560Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4,845 966 1,749 4,131 491 204 10 7,560ARQ

3Fentanyl 2 1 2 3ARQ

9Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 9 7 2 9ARQ

18Phencyclidine (PCP) 5 2 11 5 18ARQ


United States of America 1032014 Tetrohydrocannabinol 85 7 11 49 21 20 1 103ARQ

63Amphetamine (non-specified) 60 3 30 6 16 10 63ARQ

2Cocaine (non-specified) 2 1 1 2ARQ

1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ

10Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 8 2 6 1 1 10ARQ

1Psilocybin 1 1 1ARQ

5,935Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4,985 950 5,935Govt


South America


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Argentina 312018 Cocaine (non-specified) 3 Marijuana (herb)28ARQ

1Non-specified hallucinogens 1ARQ

20Marijuana (herb) 7 Cannabis oil, Cocaine (non-specified)13ARQ

52Total laboratories specified by substance, Argentina-2018:

Page 6 of 30


Argentina 12017 Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 LSD0ARQ

11Marijuana (herb) 1 Cannabis oil10ARQ

18Cocaine (non-specified) 7 Marijuana (herb)11ARQ

2Cannabis oil 2 Cannabis (non-specified)0ARQ

4Paco 3 Coca base, Cocaine (non-specified), Marijuana

(herb)

1ARQ


Argentina 212016 Cocaine (non-specified) 3 Marijuana (herb)18ARQ

3Marijuana (herb) 3ARQ


Argentina 12015 Synthetic drugs 1 1ARQ

12Cocaine (non-specified) 12 012ARQ

4Marijuana (herb) 4 22ARQ


Argentina 32014 Synthetic drugs 3 3ARQ


4Marijuana (herb) 4 4 Cocaine (non-specified)0ARQ


Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 482018 Cocaine (non-specified) 48ARQ

1,004Coca base 1,004ARQ

1,052Total laboratories specified by substance, Bolivia (Plurinational State of)-2018:

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 3,2412017 Coca base 3,241ARQ

36Cocaine (non-specified) 36ARQ


Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 682016 Cocaine (non-specified) 68ARQ



Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 732015 Cocaine Hydrochloride 73ARQ



Page 7 of 30


Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 742014 Cocaine Hydrochloride 74ARQ



Brazil 32017 Cocaine (non-specified) 3ARQ

3Total laboratories specified by substance, Brazil-2017:

Brazil 62016 Cocaine (non-specified) 6ARQ

1Cocaine (non-specified), Phenacetin 1ARQ


Brazil 82015 Ecstasy (non-specified) 8 8 8 8ARQ

10Cocaine (non-specified) 10 10 10 10ARQ


Brazil 182014 Cocaine (non-specified) 0 18 18 18 18ARQ


Chile 2018 Cocaine (non-specified) 6 17ARQ

1Cocaine Hydrochloride 1 1 1ARQ

17Coca base 17 17 17ARQ

18Total laboratories specified by substance, Chile-2018:

Chile 102015 Cocaine Hydrochloride Coca base10ARQ


Chile 222014 Cocaine (non-specified) 22 22ARQ


Colombia 82018 Potassium permanganate 8 8ARQ

2Sulphuric acid 2 2ARQ

1Heroin 1 1ARQ

340Cocaine Hydrochloride 340 340ARQ

4,228Cocaine (non-specified) 4,228 4,228ARQ

4,579Total laboratories specified by substance, Colombia-2018:

Page 8 of 30


Colombia 12017 Heroin 1 1 1ARQ


3,939Coca base, Coca paste 3,939 3,939 3,939ARQ

2Sulphuric acid 2OC2020

10Potassium permanganate 10OC2020


Colombia 142016 Potassium permanganate 14ARQ

4,592Coca base, Coca paste 4,592 4,592 4,592ARQ


1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ


Colombia 2502015 Cocaine Hydrochloride 250 250 250ARQ

1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ

3,590Coca base 3,590 3,590 3,590ARQ

12Potassium permanganate 12 12 12ARQ


Colombia 1842014 Cocaine Hydrochloride 184 184ARQ

9Potassium permanganate 9 9ARQ

1Heroin 1 1ARQ

1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 1ARQ

2,172Coca paste 2,172 2,172ARQ


Ecuador 22017 Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Ecuador-2017:

Ecuador 2016 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 2ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Ecuador-2016:

Ecuador 22015 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 2ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Ecuador-2015:

Page 9 of 30


Paraguay 32017 Cocaine Hydrochloride 3 3 3ARQ

3Total laboratories specified by substance, Paraguay-2017:

Paraguay 22016 Coca base 1 1 1 3 1 Marijuana (herb)1ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Paraguay-2016:

Peru 362018 Cocaine Hydrochloride 36ARQ

315Coca paste 315ARQ

351Total laboratories specified by substance, Peru-2018:

Peru 3092017 Coca paste 309ARQ

46Cocaine Hydrochloride 46ARQ


Peru 32016 Precursors (non-specified) 3ARQ

598Coca base 598ARQ



Peru 5982014 Coca base 598ARQ



Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 332018 Cocaine Hydrochloride 33 33 33ARQ

33Total laboratories specified by substance, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)-2018:





Asia

Page 10 of 30


East and South-East Asia


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

China 272018 Methcathinone 22 0 5 0 0 1 11 10 027ARQ

25Ketamine 22 0 3 0 0 4 13 5 025ARQ

85Methamphetamine (non-specified) 75 0 10 0 6 10 50 9 085ARQ

31Ephedrine 031ARQ

168Total laboratories specified by substance, China-2018:

China 582016 Methamphetamine (tablets) 58ARQ

93Ketamine 93ARQ

280Methamphetamine (crystal) 280ARQ

18Heroin 18ARQ


China 5932015 Non-specified 593ARQ


China 3762014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 376OC2016

89Ketamine 89OC2016

86Non-specified 86OC2016


China, Hong Kong SAR 12018 Methylamphetamine 1 1 1ARQ

13Crack 13 13 013ARQ

14Total laboratories specified by substance, China, Hong Kong SAR-2018:

China, Hong Kong SAR 12016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 01ARQ

13Crack 13 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 013ARQ

1Heroin 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 01ARQ


Page 11 of 30


China, Hong Kong SAR 12015 Heroin 1 1 1ARQ

4Crack 4 4 4ARQ


China, Hong Kong SAR 112014 Crack 11 11 11ARQ


Indonesia 42018 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4 4 4ARQ

1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 10ARQ

5Total laboratories specified by substance, Indonesia-2018:

Indonesia 22017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ


1MDA 1ARQ


Indonesia 42016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04ARQ

1MDMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01ARQ


Indonesia 32015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3 3ARQ

1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 1DAINAP


Indonesia 32014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3 3ARQ

4MDMA 4 4ARQ


Japan 12017 MDA 1 1 1ARQ

1Total laboratories specified by substance, Japan-2017:

Japan 12016 Pseudoephedrine 1 1 01ARQ


Japan 12015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 01ARQ


Page 12 of 30


Malaysia 122018 Heroin 12ARQ

1Cannabis oil 1ARQ



1Nimetazepam 1ARQ

35Total laboratories specified by substance, Malaysia-2018:

Malaysia 42017 Ecstasy (non-specified) 4ARQ

2Ermin 5 2ARQ

4Heroin 4ARQ



Malaysia 12016 Ketamine 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 01ARQ

16Methamphetamine (non-specified) 16 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 016ARQ

5Ecstasy (non-specified) 5 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 05ARQ

4Heroin 4 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 04ARQ


Malaysia 12015 Nimetazepam 1DAINAP

16Methamphetamine (non-specified) 16DAINAP

15Heroin 15DAINAP

7Ecstasy (non-specified) 7DAINAP


Malaysia 62014 MDMA 6 6 6ARQ

11Methamphetamine (non-specified) 11 9 2 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)10ARQ

8Heroin 8 8 8ARQ


Myanmar 22017 ATS (excluding Ecstasy) 2 1 2ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Myanmar-2017:

Myanmar 22016 Heroin 2 2 2ARQ

2ATS (excluding Ecstasy) 2 1 2ARQ


Page 13 of 30


Myanmar 32015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 3ARQ


Myanmar 22014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2DAINAP


Philippines 42018 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4 1 2 1 1 4ARQ

4Total laboratories specified by substance, Philippines-2018:

Philippines 22017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2 2 2ARQ


Philippines 102016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 10 10 010ARQ


Philippines 22015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 0 2 2 02ARQ


Philippines 22014 Methamphetamine hydrochloride 2ARQ


Republic of Korea 42015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4ARQ

4Total laboratories specified by substance, Republic of Korea-2015:

Singapore 22018 5F-MDMB-PINACA 1 1 2 2ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Singapore-2018:

Near and Middle East/ South-West Asia


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Afghanistan 32015 Unknown 3 3 3ARQ

3Total laboratories specified by substance, Afghanistan-2015:

Afghanistan 412014 Heroin 41CNPA

41Total laboratories specified by substance, Afghanistan-2014:

Page 14 of 30


Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1412017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 141ARQ

141Total laboratories specified by substance, Iran (Islamic Republic of)-2017:



Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2162015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 216 216ARQ




Southern Asia


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

India 12018 Mephedrone 1 1ARQ

1Total laboratories specified by substance, India-2018:

India 12017 Mephedrone 1 1 1ARQ

1Ephedrine 1 1 1ARQ

1Heroin 1 1 1 Opium0ARQ

1Synthetic drugs 1 1 1ARQ

1Ketamine 1 1 1ARQ

1Alprazolam 1 1 10ARQ


India 22016 Alprazolam 11ARQ

1Ephedrine 1ARQ

1Morphine 10ARQ

2Amphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ

1Mephedrone 1ARQ


Page 15 of 30


India 12015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 10ARQ


India 42014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4 13ARQ


Europe

Eastern Europe


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Belarus 32018 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 3 3ARQ

2alpha-PVP 2 2 2ARQ

2Para-methylephedrone 2 2 11ARQ

7Total laboratories specified by substance, Belarus-2018:

Belarus 12017 alpha-PVP 1 1 1ARQ

1Mephedrone 1 1 1ARQ

1AM2201 1 1 1ARQ

1Methadone 1 1 1ARQ

2Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ


Belarus 32016 alpha-PVP 3 3 3ARQ



Republic of Moldova 2018 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 3ARQ

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 1 3ARQ

MDMB(N)-2201 1 3ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Republic of Moldova-2018:

Page 16 of 30


Russian Federation 592018 Mephedrone 59ARQ


3Methcathinone 3ARQ

Amphetamine (non-specified) 3ARQ

68Total laboratories specified by substance, Russian Federation-2018:

Russian Federation 132017 alpha-PVP 1 Mephedrone12ARQ

1MDMA 1 1 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ

1Hashish, Marijuana (herb) 1ARQ

15F-MDMB-PINACA 1ARQ


3Mephedrone 3ARQ


Russian Federation 12015 AM2201 1 1ARQ

1Mephedrone 1 1ARQ


2Desomorphine 2ARQ

2alpha-PVP 2 2ARQ

1Dextromethorphan 1 1ARQ


Russian Federation 32014 Cannabis oil, Hashish 3ARQ

2Methadone 11ARQ



13-Methylfentanyl (3-MF, Mefentanyl) 1ARQ


Ukraine 952016 Unknown 95ARQ

95Total laboratories specified by substance, Ukraine-2016:

Ukraine 1432015 Unknown 143ARQ

143Total laboratories specified by substance, Ukraine-2015:

Page 17 of 30


South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey)


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Albania 12015 Heroin 1MDG

1Cocaine (non-specified) 1MDG

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Albania-2015:

Bulgaria 22016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ


3Total laboratories specified by substance, Bulgaria-2016:

Bulgaria 122014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 12 12 012ARQ

12Total laboratories specified by substance, Bulgaria-2014:

Croatia 1242018 Marijuana (herb) 124ARQ

124Total laboratories specified by substance, Croatia-2018:

North Macedonia 42017 Cannabis (non-specified) 4ARQ

1Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 2 1 1 10ARQ

5Total laboratories specified by substance, North Macedonia-2017:

Romania 12015 AKB-48f, Ethylphenidate, JWH-018

indazole analogue, XLR-11

1 1 10OC2016

15 Fluoro AKB48, AB-Fubinaca, Manitol,

MDMB-CHMICA

1 1 10OC2016

13-MMC, 5 Fluoro AKB48, 5F-MDMB-

PINACA, AB-Fubinaca, bk-MPA, MDMB-

CHMICA, PB-22

1 1 10OC2016

3Total laboratories specified by substance, Romania-2015:

Serbia 2016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 0ARQ

Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 0ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Serbia-2016:

Page 18 of 30


Serbia 2015 Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 0ARQ

Amphetamine (non-specified) 0ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Serbia-2015:

Turkey 32015 Synthetic drugs 3 3ARQ

3Total laboratories specified by substance, Turkey-2015:

Western and Central Europe


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1 2 3 4 5 76 8

Austria 12017 Monoacetylmorphine 1ARQ

3Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 Methylamphetamine2ARQ

3Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)2ARQ

7Total laboratories specified by substance, Austria-2017:

Austria 52016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 Amphetamine (non-specified)3ARQ

4Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 Methamphetamine (non-specified)1ARQ


Austria 12015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ

9Methamphetamine (non-specified) 9 7 1 9ARQ


Austria 92014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 9 8 1 9ARQ



Page 19 of 30


Belgium 32018 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 2 3ARQ

4Non-specified 4 4ARQ

7MDMA 7 7ARQ

1New Psychoactive Substances 1 1ARQ

36Amphetamine (non-specified) 11 3 22 10 BMK (1-phenyl-2-propanone),

Methamphetamine (non-specified), PMK (3,4

Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone)

26ARQ

3MDMA, Methamphetamine (non-

specified)

3 3ARQ

3Non-specified 3 3ARQ

57Total laboratories specified by substance, Belgium-2018:

Belgium 12017 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 1 1ARQ

6Amphetamine (non-specified) 5 1 2 5 6 Benzylmethylketone6ARQ

1MDMA 1 6 1 1ARQ

Synthetic drugs 9 1ARQ

Benzylmethylketone 2 1ARQ

Benzylmethylketone 1 MDMA1ARQ

Unknown 5 1ARQ


Belgium 2015 Synthetic drugs 5 2ARQ

4Benzylmethylketone 4 4ARQ

3GHB 3 3 3ARQ

3MDMA 2 1 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)2ARQ

Unknown 13 2ARQ

8Amphetamine (non-specified) 8 6 Benzylmethylketone2ARQ


Page 20 of 30


Belgium 22014 Unknown 2 2 2ARQ

Unknown 22 2ARQ

4Benzylmethylketone 4 4 4ARQ

4GHB 4 4 4ARQ

1Unknown 1 1 1ARQ

Precursors (non-specified) 5 1ARQ

6Amphetamine (non-specified) 6 6 4 Precursors (non-specified)2ARQ


Czechia 42018 Opium 3 1 4ARQ


244Total laboratories specified by substance, Czechia-2018:

Czechia 2642017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 264 182 63 19 0264ARQ


Czechia 12016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ

261Methamphetamine (non-specified) 261 200 46 15 261ARQ


Czechia 12015 Codeine 1 1ARQ


1Heroin 1 1ARQ


Czechia 12014 Heroin 1 1ARQ

2Codeine 2 2ARQ



France 12018 Fentanyl 1 1ARQ

1Total laboratories specified by substance, France-2018:

Page 21 of 30


Germany 102018 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 10 8 2 010ARQ

1Heroin 1 1ARQ

8Amphetamine (non-specified) 8 5 1 2 08ARQ

19Total laboratories specified by substance, Germany-2018:

Germany 112017 Amphetamine (non-specified) 11 9 1 1 11ARQ

2Methamphetamine (crystal) 2 1 1 02ARQ

1LSD 1 1 01ARQ


Germany 42016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 4 2 2 04ARQ



Germany 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ

9Methamphetamine (non-specified) 9 9 9ARQ

1Fentanyl 1 1 1ARQ


Germany 112014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 11 9 2 11ARQ


1GHB 1 1 1ARQ

1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1 1ARQ


Greece 52018 Cocaine (non-specified) 5ARQ

7Heroin 7ARQ

62Cannabis (non-specified) 62ARQ

74Total laboratories specified by substance, Greece-2018:

Page 22 of 30


Greece 542017 Cannabis (non-specified) 54ARQ

9Heroin 1 Cocaine (non-specified)9ARQ

1Captagon 1ARQ

1MDMA 1ARQ

2Hashish 2ARQ

2Marijuana (herb) 1 2ARQ



Greece 602016 Cannabis (non-specified) 60ARQ


3Heroin 3ARQ



Greece 22015 Marijuana (herb) 2 Hashish2ARQ

61Cannabis (non-specified) 61 61ARQ


3Heroin 3 3ARQ


Greece 442014 Cannabis (non-specified) 44 44ARQ

3Heroin 3 3ARQ

3Heroin 3 Cocaine (non-specified)3ARQ



Hungary 22017 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 02ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Hungary-2017:

Hungary 12016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Phenthylamin 2-PEA0ARQ

1Phenthylamin 2-PEA 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ


Hungary 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)1ARQ


Page 23 of 30


Hungary 12014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ


Ireland 12018 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1ARQ

1Total laboratories specified by substance, Ireland-2018:





Latvia 12018 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1ARQ

1Total laboratories specified by substance, Latvia-2018:

Latvia 22017 Methadone 2 20ARQ

1Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1ARQ


Latvia 12016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ


Latvia 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ


Lithuania 12017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1ARQ

1Total laboratories specified by substance, Lithuania-2017:

Lithuania 22015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 2 2ARQ

2Total laboratories specified by substance, Lithuania-2015:

Netherlands 2018 Amphetamine (non-specified) 82 2ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Netherlands-2018:

Netherlands 4,6702017 Cannabis (non-specified) 4,670ARQ

82Amphetamine hydrochloride Ecstasy (non-specified)82ARQ

4,752Total laboratories specified by substance, Netherlands-2017:

Page 24 of 30


Netherlands 592015 Amphetamine (non-specified), Ecstasy

(non-specified)

59ARQ

59Total laboratories specified by substance, Netherlands-2015:

Netherlands 312014 Synthetic drugs 31ARQ

18Precursors (non-specified) 18ARQ

2Psychotropic substances 2ARQ

51Total laboratories specified by substance, Netherlands-2014:

Norway 302015 Marijuana (herb) 30ARQ

30Total laboratories specified by substance, Norway-2015:

Poland 12018 MDMA 1ARQ

1GBL 1ARQ

6BMK (1-phenyl-2-propanone) 33ARQ

1Mephedrone 1ARQ



35Total laboratories specified by substance, Poland-2018:

Poland 52017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5ARQ


1Unknown 1ARQ



Poland 32016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 03ARQ

2Mephedrone 2 2 02ARQ



Poland 22015 Mephedrone 2 2 02ARQ


1MDMA 1 1 1ARQ



Page 25 of 30


Portugal 12018 Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1 1ARQ


2Total laboratories specified by substance, Portugal-2018:

Portugal 22017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 02ARQ


Portugal 12015 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1ARQ


Slovakia 112017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 11 11 8 3 011ARQ


38Total laboratories specified by substance, Slovakia-2017:

Slovakia 2016 Cannabis (non-specified) 27ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Slovakia-2016:

Slovenia 12017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 10ARQ

1Amphetamine (non-specified) 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 01ARQ

7Cocaine (non-specified) 0 7 0 0 0 0 7 0 07ARQ

9Total laboratories specified by substance, Slovenia-2017:

Spain 42018 Cocaine (non-specified) 4 4 4 4 1 3 4ARQ

1MDA 1 1 1 1 1 1ARQ

3MDMA 3 3 3 3 1 2 3ARQ

2Heroin 2 2 2 2 1 1 2ARQ

2Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2 2 1 1 2ARQ

1Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ

1LSD 1 1 1 1 1 1ARQ

14Total laboratories specified by substance, Spain-2018:

Spain 32016 Cocaine (non-specified) 3ARQ

2Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 Marijuana (herb)2ARQ


Page 26 of 30


Spain 22015 Cocaine (non-specified) 2ARQ



Spain 32014 Synthetic drugs 3 3 3ARQ

1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ

2Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ


Sweden 22018 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ




14Total laboratories specified by substance, Sweden-2018:

Sweden 12017 Flunitrazolam 1 1 1ARQ

1Alprazolam 1 1ARQ

3MDMA 1 1 3ARQ

1Fentanyl 1 1 1ARQ



Sweden 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ


Sweden 2014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 2ARQ

Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ

Non-specified 1 1 2ARQ

Total laboratories specified by substance, Sweden-2014:

Oceania

Australia and New Zealand


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Page 27 of 30


Australia 142018 MDMA 7 2 2 5 14ARQ

19Cannabis (non-specified) 5 1 3 3 19ARQ


193Methylamphetamine 49 1 1 14 49 32 4 4 Cannabis (non-specified), Cocaine (non-

specified), GBL, GHB

189ARQ

71-4 butanediol, GBL, GHB 11 2 2 6 Cocaine (non-specified), Methylamphetamine1ARQ

10MDA 5 1 3 10ARQ

4Anabolic steroids 2 1 4ARQ

132Non-specified 10 8 16 14 131 GBL, GHB, Methylamphetamine1ARQ

384Total laboratories specified by substance, Australia-2018:

Australia 172017 MDA, MDMA 6 1 1 3 2 5 2 Methylamphetamine, Unknown15ARQ

15Hypo, Methylamine, Phenylacetone, PSE 1 4 6 2 15ARQ

110Unknown 3 12 10 9 5 110ARQ

10Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Mescaline,

Psilocybin

5 1 2 3 4 1 2 Cannabis oil, Methylamphetamine8ARQ

141-4 butanediol, GHB 5 1 1 11 2 14ARQ

3Fentanyl, Heroin 1 2 1 2 1 Methylamphetamine2ARQ

206Methylamphetamine 128 7 16 3 51 51 18 34 13 Anabolic steroids, Cannabis oil, Cocaine (non-

specified), Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Heroin,

MDMA, PMA, Pseudoephedrine,

Tetrohydrocannabinol

193ARQ

13Cannabis (non-specified) 9 3 9 1 1 Psilocybin12ARQ


Australia 12014 Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1ARQ

159Amphetamine (non-specified) GHB159ARQ

241Non-specified 241ARQ

2Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 2ARQ

1Anabolic steroids 1ARQ

10GBL 10ARQ

2Heroin homebake 2ARQ

7MDA 7ARQ


Page 28 of 30


New Zealand 32018 Heroin 3 3 3ARQ

68Methamphetamine (non-specified) 40 25 1 3 34 3 68ARQ

71Total laboratories specified by substance, New Zealand-2018:

New Zealand 792017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 45 0 35 0 14 18 13 0 79ARQ


New Zealand 742016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 17 0 57 0 6 0 11 0 074ARQ


New Zealand 212015 Unknown 21 21ARQ


2Heroin homebake 2 2ARQ



New Zealand 262014 Unknown 21 21 26ARQ

55Methamphetamine (non-specified) 13 0 42 0 55 055ARQ


Page 29 of 30


Sources: Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ); Official Communication on WDR-2020 (OC2020); Government (Govt); Official Communication on WDR-2016 (OC2016); Drug Abuse Information Network for Asia and the Pacific (DAINAP); Counter

Narcotics Police of Afghanistan (CNPA); Mini Dublin Group (MDG)

1. At “synthesis laboratories” (also known as “powder laboratories”), synthetic drugs, drug intermediates and precursor chemicals in any form are manufactured from precursor and other chemicals. Such laboratories may or may not be operational at the time of discovery.

2. Laboratories dedicated to refining, tableting, cutting and packaging are where drugs are processed but where no evidence of synthesis exists. MDMA powder is pressed into tablets, powder or liquid methamphetamine is refined into the crystal form, drug powders are diluted

(“cut”) to increase bulk and maximize profits and materials temporarily disguised for trafficking purposes are recovered (e.g. for cocaine conversion). There is no evidence of drug synthesis at the location.

3. At sites where equipment or chemicals are stored there may be some or even all the components needed to manufacture drugs, but there is no evidence that drug synthesis or any other operation is taking place.

4. Dumping sites are locations where equipment, packaging or chemical waste from synthesis laboratories have been discarded. However, no evidence exists that drug synthesis is taking place at such locations.

5. In “kitchen laboratories” only basic equipment and simple procedures are used. Typically, those operating in such laboratories have a limited or non-existent knowledge of chemistry and simply follow instructions. Usually, there are no significant stores of precursors and the

amount of drugs or other substances manufactured is for personal use (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would yield less than 50 grams of the substance).

6. People operating in other small-scale laboratories have advanced chemical knowledge. At such laboratories, more complex amphetamine-type stimulants may be manufactured. They may be of similar size to “kitchen laboratories” but frequently employ non-improvised

equipment. They may also include experimental laboratories. The amount manufactured is typically for personal use or for use by a limited number of close associates (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would yield less than 500 grams of the substance.

7. Medium-to-large-scale laboratories use commercially available standard equipment and glassware (in some cases, custom-made equipment) and may operate for longer periods of time. They are not very mobile, making it possible to recover precursor chemicals and equipment

in many cases (it is these types of laboratories for which production estimates are the most viable and reliable). The amount manufactured at such sites is primarily for illicit economic gain (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would yield between 0.5 kg

and 50 kg of the substance).

8. Industrial-scale laboratories use oversized equipment and glassware that is either custom-made or purchased from industrial processing sources. Such industrial operations produce significant amounts of amphetamine-type stimulants in very short periods of time, the amount

being limited only by access to precursors, reagents and consumables in adequate quantities and the logistics and manpower to handle large amounts of drugs or chemicals and process them into the next step (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would

yield 50 kg or more).

* The terminology and the categorizations used in these data are based on the relevant question in the Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ), specifically questions 49-53, Part 4 (Extent and patterns of and trends in drug crop cultivation and drug manufacture and trafficking). In

particular, the term “laboratory” is used in a broad sense consistent with its use in the ARQ, and includes, apart from synthesis laboratories, establishments dedicated to various forms of processing (such as cutting, tableting), storage and disposal of equipment or chemicals

(dumpsites). See footnotes for detailed explanations

Page 30 of 30

Documents

Illicit Manufacture - United Nations