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iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

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Page 1: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 Itesea rdi iii

the \ext (‘eiitu’v

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Page 2: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

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Page 3: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

Biomedical Research in the Ncat Century 289

1$ fc hot’. ii lit fldHiflis ha ‘ii’.ct t3iibc. OhiO c tO 01)10’. OPt’S. { P ‘ I

. 11(11 the t I ilk iib ‘Hrt ‘. rP, to ni’ IN rpR ii on 1’ ‘rk his ‘‘ 1 t’’,Ifl’ ‘vIjtit:’ df’v ‘ ;‘r h I: ‘),flt!.,r ii .,iii-‘‘i to) ! ,-,t

-r’- .ot.it’:. ‘).11v )l1’0: hit, ‘ ‘Jt iflt ‘fl\ i’tt)’(’fl) flttftJOt’ fw : “q. 0 rnh’, o L ‘0 si iepO’i’ fnvt’ c ‘sorked ;“it .s hrr’ th. OU1s arc.m 11w three hmens’n’’aI tro r’ ‘it .id 21 .. t’, iiia:iy protem,arts. I his ariking pmgicss is lie csult 01 sI Ikhes .1rt ied cuit by thou—aixls i( ‘stWilt isis. each hmldmg i in the knowledge accu inulated 1w:heir predecessors intl published ip scientific journals The km wledge)Ot’i it’t 1 . a me m Ph ma ti (Icier t I iclds of 1 iS cst igal 1011. md it wa‘ft:i.aiatJ a ci inpet led wn% to pro Iu.e a sigm ficant ads ante.Some at this ping; ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils.whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed 1 ml poss er of the cthat (olhn\ed.Figure 3 presents a highly sc.heniatic comparison of the earlyprogress of my field dtft side) with the much more rapid progress thatis being made tod,iv (right side The p It ‘ ‘tell” iting prrmarily‘‘t’t lost’ ‘I I .nge rcrc’asc’ os h i lull ,i’,t’l ‘‘ ‘eies’alit st; irfic( lit fls’tedfft’ I hat an be . otuhint ci n new st’,iv’z 11, ‘‘.tle n’clathc’ruaucalR Petc’ ‘c m i’s plusne m n’ H ‘a the o1s’hihes a r ‘s n;’ie I (it’ Ws •‘ ‘ ri !‘dgc . air c ombined 1ii I ,00hiimcs more was s than to units of knowledge can. Even scientists seemurprised by the modern explosion of scientific progress ouId theot )( t his slirpi jse be nor fit i’i’ t

(itt’ ‘I lIv ‘‘ic 0011 termluitive power of coinbinatorics?

PPJ,lKl) (‘0 l{EXFAIWII I, WOlU PORIFS‘t.,.j,,lS) \ ‘4ipjçc1 ‘Ii lIt (Its (mw’’ T’rO’rht .o.’j,, -I,‘‘It 11)11’ ,. I,i: ‘1), I’ ‘“i ir i ‘I’,

‘‘‘‘1:’’ 1(t’t’’’’.t 1,)’’’,’ ij)c?,’ ‘‘S.

‘I I ‘ C Ii ‘, - ‘ I ‘ ,tii_ I l,’ ‘t’’ .:-‘

I ing .‘!‘ r ,‘ ‘op’ I is’’ t 1 0 “1’’’’ ‘

Page 4: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

tkilO

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Thar My Field From 198S2O29

Figure 33.1. The Accelerating Pace of BiomedIcal Research.

Page 5: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

Bk medical Research in the Nat Castwy

1 p,—, ‘-‘i’r’’d t’k.m -‘ht.f e’’i- lP -

‘i ,- 4L :-. - ‘,n-,: l’ i-‘ -L‘ts% iw rw ‘‘t.L- h v[ott-n \lhcn ,ii-4’; q !tILC ,ts fot ii oii ow tier s(flIei ‘X pet wnce in 1 n mg to run a larger lalot at ,r‘‘iii t ,‘ ‘ ens-’ th at hen I ‘JO (N ‘en i deere ice in the IH novat ion are.it iv;! V ‘ ‘t til( ‘‘d of nfl’ 1leagut’s once the ab’’i Itories tIlt’l’ tc da me tu’ Iii te \ s -tn ‘\ It fiS] ‘n of the r go men t s made there,‘mphacizt the year uk alit ige to be gained troni a teseardi t ado oo hich C , ‘ alt h tahot atorv i4 olips form ha ncien’ ppert ‘11 :it

- oilabot ations hat ewloit ‘IR uiihque skIls of each—- it von wish the‘ower of I he cunln n;i 0 ‘nab pri Fit ipie when appl ‘ed to loomed 4)1research laboratories.Today, s i ch c’ ii lahora t ;on are i ‘erhaps nit ‘st tom own ‘a hen niielaboratory is expert in a highi> specialized technique, such as X—raycrystallography, and the other laborator pros ides the biological mate -ml to be .nlaiy7ed h- I hat methodology-. Hut in the turui e. sot tic’ is p-’of interialit ratorv olfahoration i,’ tikels’ t’ hec oO)e the rar-tdard rtue for nearls’ ill hiog-fit ,il ‘qs”’stigaflons ‘s ‘r --pe alk r l:’In(tant c’sample it we are

hr-nt’ ‘nderp l’ioo’t di. )1 tWO. ‘ heacmore effectis els am he Jh:tlside, we viil iiecd to find better was’s.omotmg highly productise uillaborauons between MPs carry—t clinical studies and laboratories headed he Phlìs cklled inflan,,ientaI Homed it ii r ‘seaitfl. loday, this must be s tewed is anal act, hut one that has tremendous mu ire potential ruefor the potential is Year- ‘-c’o have fi nalli’ ‘ “.14 hed i .1 age in ‘‘a

- - at ‘II !‘ 4! ‘4 ‘- UflimelogI dUd i OW sitV’1OJ’

of puts t”tuL H;ht sO -ç iliaR tic Ii 4’ 1 H41Otht”- tie’ u’iU’ clhgc ía or k 1. ii, ‘c ‘ ade U ;;nthi’r-,’a’iCin and ‘ie:c

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Page 6: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c
Page 7: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

!Jicnnedicai Research in the Next Gmtury 293

,1.. . !9. I . I

tmv! iiccd ! hat umc p 4% err ur I vpc 1 }unrnedkai neLl 3:emerge.

When pmmot ing these new connections between scientists we‘1¾ ‘)lt’lii. \ic-Ji •lJ ‘¾. i ‘ols IIC :IWtTtI

‘. ieri ‘lc’j’ir.ctr III f) ::ri

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trorn a muh nn’rc ::‘b’ C :aomg U1 Ittiflhl be1-en . bin

and basic researchers.The same . mild bt caid [or many other areas of hii,medit a]

often attend . ‘ 6entitic

I imp comdhe regularly sponsored by the National Instil tiles of I iealth, each

chaired hy a distinguished clink ian and a distinguished basic sci —

- 1. The a L endees r t the rn’ - might be I nv ited to c.orn pete in‘qutal —

Page 8: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

294 CRITICAL ISSUES IN GLOBAL HEALTH

- ;t ph ds the sot k that imv d a’ i their flelli 1 . 1h0! U s‘_-siilt, - I tlI.t,i _ tj5(ç 1 5, ,- f 1

(.1111. T. f 1 . ‘‘— ‘‘‘‘ rf(t\ ‘Itt ‘i’ttt ‘‘“t’tt I tt.th( fl’s

tiny itupo tail, .tc 541)’ dc.,CSS3I)IC ‘ppOhttITIitlCs ti Cie Wt.’r ace

1 et ween tnventtonal discipi tries Cfihl1fl largely unexplored anti unex

pinned. Finding a solution is a crint a! task for the twenty- first ten—

urv— md a hallenge to our uruversitles, ,ui haritabh t(ltLndziiHmc,tnd tir t crnment tundin agtr’t. trs

A MAJOR ROLE FOR GROWTh FACTORSP1 THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE

I now come to part of the chapter where I stick my ned out in’l ncfuture enib-it ‘assment. I Jere I shall extrapolate mom my eight

‘S B tltinteet tenti Iit ads 1st 1 to ltc cler - rtna

;eseaich I ouidation, nut and inspired by oinan .s ith the ,ii easc,

m \It tnk; I hase learned that there are maii3’ debilitating humant •eases. I ‘tustet atus origin, that lead to the dcgene’itton of t

U it t issue ‘r et Ill tissues, and often result in death - I hese -

- s-entualh anse an abnormal immune response and for thist hey arc often classified as “atitoimmune hseaes.”

I [owever, treatments that suppress the immune response have no

.‘fte.t on the fundamental course of many of these diseases, suggest

m hat a 1n ‘duciton ‘if cpet di self iitthtnhies u, .tf1’ t, r ,ith’ ‘han

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It IPIC ti’iLi! <_ I ‘is! _ i, h - II Hts .TT .t inti’ed , Tt-Ti

II

Page 9: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

Biomedkaikn.cch La the Ntc: 295

Page 10: iii Itesea rdi BiOIIIe(IiCJ1 - Bruce Alberts€¦ · ess mvoi’ ed the des dopment o new me boils. whii h 1 P 0011 gre1ii Is’ ITO. reased ‘hr speed that 1 ml poss er of the c

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