FCPS World II SOL Standards: WHII 6b and 6c

Absolute Monarchs and the English Civil War (1500s-1800s C.E.)You Mean They Really Cut off the English Monarch’s Head?Absolute MonarchiesDue to exploration and trade, European countries became stronger, and the monarchs centralized their power. They claimed to rule by divine right. The kings and queens said that their reign had come directly

absolute

He led the westernization

forced the king in 1215 to sign the Magna Carta. This document took away some of the monarch’s control and gave privileges to the nobles. Common law and the jury trial

capital. He called this city St. Petersburg.

had also granted some rights to people other than the king. Charles I, supported by the Royalists, argued with Parliament (legislature) for many years. Both sides thought that they should control taxes, religion, and other main issues. In 1642, the Parliament rebelled against Charles. During the English Civil War (1642-1651) Oliver Cromwell, the leader of Parliament defeated Charles and in 1649, the king was executed. Cromwell ruled England

Absolute Monarchs and English Civil War (cont.) WHII 6b and 6c

Quick Review

Connection to Today

1. Who signed this document to give more rights to the English Parliament?

Key VocabularyDivine right: concept that a monarch’s right to rule comes directly from the will of God

Absolute: complete, total, full

Westernization: adoption of Western European culture and practices, which was done by Peter the Great in an attempt to modernize Russia

Restore: to bring back or make complete again

Magna Carta: document that took away some of the English monarch’s power and gave privileges to the nobles

Common law: law formed by decisions made by courts, not by the king or the parliament

Restoration: period from 1660 to 1685, in which Charles II brought back the monarchy to England

Glorious Revolution: 1688 peaceful change of power in England when William and Mary took the throne

Constitutional monarchy: a type or style of government in which the monarch is only a symbol of the country and the legislature makes all the laws. Examples: England, Spain, Japan

2.

A. Charles IB. Charles IIC. Oliver CromwellD. William and Mary

3.

Development of a Limited (Constitutional) Monarchy in England (cont.)

A. Charles IB. Charles IIC. Louis XIVD. Peter the Great

A. Charles IB. Charles IIC. Oliver CromwellD. William and Mary

England. William and Mary took power peacefully in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. These Protestant monarchs agreed to further limits on their power. They signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689. This document outlined rights for Parliament and also gave some freedoms to the people. In this way, England became a constitutional monarchy. During the 1700s and 1800s, Parliament continued to increase its power. By the 1900s, the prime minister of the Parliament held all real

FCPS World II SOL Standards: WHII 6a and 6f

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Changes in European Science and Art (1540-1800 C.E.)

Europe Moves Away from the Catholic Church

Improved Transportation

doctrine

observation

method

“heliocentric theory

Principia Mathematica

Baroque

Changes in European Science and Art (cont.) WHII 6a and 6f

Connection to Today

Key VocabularySecular:

Doctrine:

Observation:

Heliocentric Theory:

Novel:

Classical:

Romantic:

Opera:

Fiction:

3.

Looking at the graphic below which answer best replaces the question mark?

2. The painting below shows strong emotion. Which period does

4. In your own words, outline the four steps of the Galileo’s ideas on planetary motion were opposed to:

Opera

novel. Don Quixote

1.

FCPS World II SOL Standards: WHII 6d

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

The Age of Enlightenment (1700-1800 C.E.)You Mean that People Didn’t Always Believe in Democracy?Power to the PeopleFrom the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th centuries many Europeans wanted progress in

Europeans applied knowledge and reason to society and politics. They questioned the power leaders had and examined different types of political systems. These ideas began a revolution in thinking that we call the European Enlightenment.These thinkers questioned many traditional ideas established by the Catholic Church and the ruling kings and queens. One central idea that was attacked was divine right. This is the idea that a king or queen ruled with the will of God on their

lives and talked about their natural rights

The Move Away from Absolute MonarchsAbsolute monarchs ruled with complete control and often claimed that they had the authority of God on their side. Louis XIV of France was one example. He claimed that he was the government and had total power in France. The symbol of Louis XIV’s power was the Palace of Versailles. Taxes on the people of France paid for this beautiful and expensive

rights to live freely and fairly. Philosophers said that the government needed to protect the rights of the people and govern

French Revolutionother uprisings in the 1800s.

over the country. In the 17th and 18th centuries these kinds of monarchs

gave rulers their power. There were many important thinkers from this era. Some of them include: 1) Thomas Hobbes Leviathan. He wrote that humans were

naturally primitive and violent and that they needed a government to protect them from themselves.

2) John Locke Two Treatises on Government. He wrote that people were sovereigngave their consent to the government for the protection of their natural

people and were not given to them by the government.

3) Montesquieu The Spirit of Laws. He wrote that the best form of government had a separation of powers.

4) Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract. He wrote that government was a contract between the rulers and the people. He also stressed equality for all people.

5) Voltaire the separation of church (religion) and stateCandide

Age of Enlightenment (cont.) WHII 6d

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Quick Review

Connection to TodayThink about the ideas of the Enlightenment. Some people think that currently the world is going through another era of Enlightenment. What do you think? Provide examples to support your opinion.

ResourcesLearn 360 The Ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

Library Databases - GALE

The Enlightenment: http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1185552?terms=enlightenment+

1. The graphic organizer (below) best expresses the ideas of:

Key VocabularyDivine right: the belief that God gave a king

without limit

Natural rights: rights that all people have

Consent: agreement

French Revolution: A period from 1789-1799 where the king of France was removed from power and democratic power increased

Absolute monarch: a king or queen with

population

Sovereign: to have independent control over something; not dependent on someone else

Separation of church and state: the division

by Voltaire

Separation of power: Montesquieu’s idea that

should be separated into three different parts of government

2.A. Thomas HobbesB. MontesquieuC. Jean-Jacques RousseauD. John Locke

What answer best replaces the question mark?

4. Based on the ideas of the Enlightenment, describe an ideal government in a paragraph or by drawing and labeling a picture that represents it.

3. Absolute monarchs usually claimed that they had power based on:

The European Enlightenment

A. Ideas of Thomas HobbesB. Ideas of VoltaireC. Ideas of John LockeD. Ideas of European monarchs

A. DemocracyB. Divine RightC. Natural RightsD. Economic Necessity

means to turn on a light; these ideas were a new way of thinking about government and society. The ideas of the Era of Enlightenment were not