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Annexure-I
APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR AD-HOC RESEARCH SCHEME
1 Title of scheme Standardisation of Agrotechniques
in Lesser Known Aromatic and Medicinal
Plants of Zingiberaceae
2 Location
Institutes name Kerala Agricultural University
Place Vellanikkara
District Thrissur
State Kerala
Dept/Division Department of Agronomy
Actual Location College of Horticulture, Thrissur-680 656
3 Principal Investigator
Name Joy P. P.
Designation Ph. D. Scholar
Date of birth 5-2-1958
Experience 15 years
I have put in one and a half years service as Junior Assistant Professor
Agronomy) and ten years service as Assistant Professor (Agronomy) in Kerala
Agricultural University. I have been involved in research, teaching and extension
activities during the period. I was the Principal Investigator of 16 research projects and
have associated with another 14 projects as part of the All India Co-ordinated Research
Projects sponsored by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Presently, I am
functioning also as the Principal Investigator of the ICAR project "Standardisation of
agrotechniques for lesser known medicinal and aromatic plants of Zingiberaceae family". I
am well conversant with the latest research methodology in the field of Agronomy,
analyses and interpretation of research results and have ample experience in both field and
laboratory experimentation.
Number of schemes handled 18
1
List of Important publications
Joy, P.P. 1985. Azolla: Potentials and limitations. Science Reporter, 22(5): 310.
Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1985. Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and
azolla on rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10(4):25-26.
Joy, P.P., Rajaram, K.P. and James, K.I. 1986. A rice-grain legume cropping system. Int.
Rice Res. Newsl. 11(6):37-38.
Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1988. Studies on the integrated use of fertiliser Nitrogen,
Phosphorus and azolla biofertilizer on rice. Mysore J. agric. Sci. 22(2):436-443.
Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1989. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and cropping method on
azolla productivity. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 14(3):28-30.
Thomas, J., Joy, P.P. and Geetha, K. 1989. Optimum method of planting in lemongrass.
Indian Perfumer, 33(2):102-103.
Joy, P.P. and Thomas, J. 1990. Determination of leaf area in lemongrass. Indian
Perfumer, 34(1):14-19.
Syriac, E.K., Joy, P.P., Koruth, A. and Nair, M. S. 1990. Agrotechniques for rice
production. In Aravindakshan, M. and Nair, R.R. (Eds.). 1990. Five Decades of Rice
Research in Kuttanad. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur. pp.34-50.
Thomas, J., Geetha, K. and Joy, P.P. 1990. Comparative performance of lemongrass
species. Indian Perfumer, 34(3):171-172.
Thomas, J., Geetha, K. and Joy, P.P. 1990. Effect of lime and nitrogen sources on the
yield and quality of palmarosa. Int. J. Trop. Agri., 8(1):29-31.
Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, N.P., Nair, P.K.C. and Joseph, C.A. 1991. Weed control
economics in transplanted rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 16(6):26.
Joy, P.P., Bridgit, T.K. and Neema, V.P. 1991. Input contribution in summer cowpea.
Legume Research, 14 (1):33-36.
Joy, P.P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, N.P., Nair, P.K.C. and Joseph, C.A 1991. Weed control in
wetseeded rice in Kerala, India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 16(6):25
Syriac, E.K., Joy, P.P., Nair, N.P., Girija, D. and Joseph, C.A. 1991. Effect of potassium
application levels and time on rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 16(6):18
Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K. and Nair, N.P. 1992. Studies on chemical weed control in
transplanted rice in Kerala. Proc. Fourth Kerala Science Congress, Thrissur, 27-29
Feb, 1992, pp. 90-93.
Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, N.P. and Joseph, C.A. 1992. Evaluation of herbicides for
transplanted rice in Kerala, India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 17(2):29.
Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, P.K.C., Ittyaverah, P.J. and Joseph, C.A. 1992. Long-term
2
effect of inorganic fertilisers, lime and straw on lowland rice of Kerala. Int. Rice Res.
Newsl. 17(3):16.
Syriac, E.K., Joy, P. P., Nair, N.P. and Joseph, C.A. 1992. Potassium management in
transplanted lowland rice. Proc. Fourth Kerala Science Congress, Thrissur, 27-29
Feb, 1992, pp. 110-111.
Bridgit, T.K., Neema, V.P. and Joy, P.P. 1993. Response of cowpea genotypes to dates of
sowing. J. Trop. Agri. 31(2):266-268.
Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Ittyaverah, P.J. and Joseph, C.A. 1993. Herbicide technology for
weed control in lowland rice of Kerala. Proc. Fifth Kerala Science Congress,
Kottayam, 28-30 Jan, 1993, pp. 135-137.
Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1993. Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and
azolla on an azolla-rice cropping system. In Nair, R. R., Nair, K.P.V. and Joseph,
C.A. (Eds.).1993. Rice in wetland ecosystem. Kerala Agricultural University,
Vellanikkara-680 654, Thrissur, Kerala. pp.71-75
Syriac, E.K., Joy, P. P., Ittyaverah, P.J. and Mathew, R. 1993. Efficacy of herbicides for
weed management in Kuttanad rice fields. Proc. Fifth Kerala Science Congress,
Kottayam, 28-30 Jan, 1993, pp. 189-190.
Thomas, J. Mathew, S., Kuriakose, K.P., Joy, P. P. and Jose, G. 1993. Aromatic and
Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, at a glance. Kerala Agricultural
University, Thrissur. 14p.
Thomas, J., Joy, P.P., Mathew, S and Kuriakose K. P. 1993. High production technology
for tropical essential oils. Indian Perfumer 37(1): 29 - 34
Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., Jose, G. and Joseph, J. 1995. Aromatic Plants. Aromatic
and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, Asamannoor PO, Kerala.
Joy, P. P., Thomas, J., Mathew, S. and Jose, G. 1996. Elite cinnamon types for leaf oil and
eugenol. Proc. eighth Kerala Sci. Cong. 27-29 Jan 1996, Kochi. pp. 143-144.
Skaria, B.P., Thomas, J., Mathew, S. and Joy, P.P. 1997. Record of the Red Pierrot,
Talicada nyseus (Guerin), (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera) on Kalanchoe spp. In Kerala.
Insect Env. 3(3):72-73
Thomas, J., Joy, P.P. and Mathew, S. 1997. Cultivation and utilisation of Kaempferia
galanga Linn. In Handa, S. S. and Kaul, M. K. (Eds.). 1997. Supplement to
Cultivation and Utilisation of Aromatic Plants. RRL, Jammu, India. pp.299-305.
Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., and Skaria, B. P. 1998. Medicinal Plants. Aromatic and
Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, Asamannoor PO, Kerala.
Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., and Skaria, B. P. 1998. Tropical Aromatic and
3
Medicinal Plants. Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali,
Asamannoor PO, Kerala, India.
Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., and Skaria, B. P. 1998. Zingiberaceous Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants. Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali,
Asamannoor PO, Kerala, India.
Joy, P. P, Thomas J., and Mathew, S. 1998. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl.) for
flavour and fragrance. PAFAI Journal, 20(2):37-42.
Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S. and Ibrahim K. K. 1998. Growth, leaf oil yield and
quality investigations in cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum). J. Med. Arom. Pl. Sci.,
20(2):401-406.
Joy, P. P., Thomas J. and Mathew, S. 1998. Growth and yield correlations in cinnamon
(Cinnamomum verum Presl.). Proc. 10th Kerala Science Congress, 2-4 Jan 1998,
Kozhikode, pp 196-198.
Thomas J., Joy P. P. and Mathew, S. 1998. Subsurface dike for ground water conservation.
Proc. 10th Kerala Science Congress, 2-4 Jan 1998, Kozhikode, pp 510-512.
Thomas J., Joy, P. P., Mathew, S., Skaria, B.P. 1998. Indigenous less-known essential oils
- A perspective. PAFAI Journal, 20(1):13-20.
List of other research schemes
Name of the Agency Title of the scheme Period from to
Grant (Rs. lakhs)
Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare, Govt
of India.
Central scheme for development and
cultivation of medicinal plants.
(Co-investigator)
1991 1994 5.00
ICAR Standardisation of agrotechniques in
lemongrass and palmarosa for
maximising oil production
(Co-investigator)
1990 1993 8.80
Ministry of
Agriculture, Govt. Of
India.
Central Sector Scheme for development
of medicinal & aromatic plants.
(Co-investigator)
1992 1997 28.60
Swedish International
Development
Agency- KAU
Project.
Moisture conservation conservation
through sub-surface dike.
(Co-investigator)
1988 1989 3.00
4
4 Co-investigator 1
Name Dr. J. Thomas
Designation Associate professor & Head
Date of birth 1-1-1956
Experience 20 years
He has put up more than 14 years service as Assistant Professor in Kerala
Agricultural University, Vellanikkara P.O., Trichur, Kerala. Duties during Assistant
Professorship included teaching, research and extension activities. Teaching job covered
lectures for both undergraduate and post graduate students on subjects like Tropical crop
production, Crop physiology and soil and water conservation.
I was research guide of one post graduate student leading to the Master's degree and
was member of advisory committee of five other post graduate students. I am well
conversant with all the latest research methodology in the field of Agronomy and has
ample experience in both field and laboratory experimentation. I was in charge of ICAR
ad-hoc scheme on "Intensification of research on Cymbopogon flexuosus and other
Cymbopogon species. Presently I am leading a research group on aromatic and medicinal
plants and engaged in research activities on crop improvement, crop management and
processing technology of these crops.
Number of schemes handled 27
List of Important publications
Thomas, J., Geetha, K and Shylaraj, K.S. 1987. Glimpses of research at the Aromatic
and Medicinal Plants Research Station. Pafai J., 9(4):23-25
Geetha, K and Thomas, J. 1988. Review of research work done on palmarosa. Pafai J.,
10(4):19-25.
Geetha, K and Thomas, J. 1988. Effect of different stages of harvest on oil yield and
quality of jamrosa. Pafai J.,14(2):33-34.
Thomas, J., Joy, P.P., and Geetha, K. 1989. Optimum method of planting in lemongrass.
Indian Perfumer, 33 (2):102-103.
Thomas, J., Geetha, K and Joy, P.P. 1990. Comparative performance of lemongrass
species. Indian Perfumer , 34(3): 171-172.
5
Jayasree Sanker, S and Thomas, J. 1990. Oil yield and quality of lemongrass as influenced
by growth regulator under different planting methods. Inter. J. Trop. Agri., 8(1):
27-28.
Thomas, J., Geetha, K and Joy, P.P. 1990. Effect of lime and nitrogen sources on the
yield and quality of palmarosa. Inter. J. Trop. Agri., 8(1):29-31.
Joy, P.P. and Thomas, J. 1990. Determination of leaf area in lemongrass. Indian Perfumer,
34(1):14-19.
Thomas, J and Kuriakose, K.P. 1991. Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station at
a glance. Kerala Agricultural University, A.M.P.R.S., Odakkali, Asamannoor P.O.,
Kerala.
Thomas,J., Geetha, K and Shylaraj, K.S.1987. Studies on the leaf oil and quality of
Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Indian Perfumer , 31(3):249-251.
Shylaraj, K.S and Thomas, J. 1988. Effect of gamma irradiation on growth and oil yield of
lemongrass. Indian Perfiumer, 32(2):116-119.
Shylaraj, K.S., Thomas, J and Geetha, K. 1988. Productive mutants induced by gamma
irradiation in lemongrass. Indian Perfiumer , 32(2):120-124.
Thomas, J. 1991. Scope of lemongrass and citronella cultivation in Wynad district. Paper
presented at the Workshop on Integrated development of spices and horticultural
crops. Ambalavayal, Wynad, 26-27 Oct.1991.
Thomas,J and Shylaraj, K.S. 1989. Polycross breeding in palmarosa. Indian Perfumer,
33(4): 274-276.
Thomas, J., Joy, P.P., Samuel Mathew and Kuriakose, K.P. 1993. High production
technology for tropical essential oils. Indian Perfumer, 37(1):29-34.
6
List of other research schemes
Name of the Agency Title of the scheme Period from to
Grant (Rs. lakhs)
Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare, Govt
of India.
Central scheme for development and
cultivation of medicinal plants.
1991 1994 5.00
ICAR Standardisation of agrotechniques in
lemongrass and palmarosa for
maximising oil production
(Co-investigator)
1990 1993 8.80
Ministry of
Agriculture, Govt. Of
India.
Central Sector Scheme for development
of medicinal & aromatic plants.
1992 1997 28.60
Swedish International
Development
Agency- KAU
Project.
Moisture conservation conservation
through sub-surface dike.
1988 1989 3.00
5 Information regarding other research scientists
Name Dr. Samuel Mathew
Designation Associate Professor
(Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry)
Experience 18 years
He was Junior Assistant Professor in the Kerala Agricultural University from 1980 to
1982 and Assistant Professor thereafter. I have research experience working on problem
soils, nutrient management of crops and environmental effects of pesticides. Also I have
experience in teaching at undergraduate and post graduate levels. I am well versed with
agricultural research methodology and chemical analysis work. Presently I am engaged in
research on quality aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants.
7
Annexure – II
6 Objective
The project envisages to develop agrotechniques for three selected crops such as
Alpinia galanga (Chittaratha), Curcuma sp. (Kastoorimanjal) and Kaempferia rotunda
(Chengazhinirkizhangu) of Zingiberaceae family. The specific objectives are:
i) To identify the optimum stage of harvest in Chittaratha.
ii) To find out the optimum spacing and manurial requirements of Chittaratha,
Kastoorimanjal and Chengazhinirkizhangu.
iii) To evaluate the different sosurces and doses of organic manures and
biofertilizers for maximising the yield of Chengazhinirkizhangu.
iv) To study the physico-chemical changes in Chengazhinirkizhangu rhizomes
during storage.
v) To evaluate the important medicinal and aromatic species in the genera of
Alpinia, Curcuma and Kaempferia for essential oils and their chemical
consitutents.
Annexure – III
7 Practical Utility
The ad-hoc scheme will facilitate to have ad-hoc recommendation on the agritechniques
of the selected medicinal and aromatic plants to maximise production and returns. The
project will help to conserve, cultivate and utilise these crops by suitably fitting them into
the existing cropping systems in the state. Information on the quality aspects will help to
standardise the quality requirement of the crops. Basic information obtained from the
study can be used for further exploitation of these crops by genetic improvement and post
harvest technology.
8
Annexure – IV
8 Research work conducted in India and abroad
a. At the sponsoring Institution
The Aromatic And Medicinal Plants Research Station at Odakkali and the All India
Coordinated researh Project on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants at Vellanikkara have carried
out preliminary work on these crops. Kaempferia rotunda is reported to give satisfactory
rhizome yield under domestication (KAU, 1983). The leaves of chittaratha were reported to
contain perfumery oils in addition to medicinal principles(KAU, 1984). In a trial for
screening medicinal plants for intercropping in coconut gardens Kaempferia galanga and
curcuma aromatica were found to be suitable (KAU, 1992).
b. India and abroad
Alpinia is cultivated for its rhizome in tropical areas of South and East India. Because of
the presence of essential oil, the rhizomes are used in bronchial troubles and as a
carminative. It is one of the ingredients of medicated “Pan” used for removing the foul smell
of the mouth and getting relief in throat inflammation. In Ayurveda, “Rasna-saptak-kwath”
and “Rasna-adikamath” are used as antiinflammatory decoctions. In Unani, it is an
ingredient of aphrodisiac preparations, “Majun Mugawivi ma Mumsik”, “Majun Samagh”,
and antispasmodic nervine tonic “Majun Chobchine” and “Lubab Motadil”. It is also used in
“Arq Pan” as a cardiac stimulant carminative (Thakur et al, 1989). They are also useful in
vitiated conditions of vata and kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammations, stomatopathy,
pharyngopathy, cough, asthma, hiccough, dyspepsia, stomachalgia, obesity, diabetes,
cephalalgia, tubercular glands and intermittent fevers (Warrier et al, 1993). Charaka includes
rasna (Alpinia) in the Vayasthapana Varya, the group of drugs that are capable of
maintaining the youthful vigour and strength. The officinal part is the rhizome which forms a
major ingredient of preparations like Rasnadi Kasaya, Rasnadi churna, Rasnadi taila,
Asvagandharishta, etc (Sivarajan and Balachandran, 1994). The drug stimulates digestion,
purifies blood and improves voice (Chunekar, 1982).
Seeds contain 1’-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1’-acetoxy eugenol acetate, antiulcer
principles caryophyllenols I and II, n-pentadecane, 7-heptadecane and fatty acid methyl
esters. Rhizomes yield essential oil containing methyl cinnamate, cineole and d-pinene and
sesquiterpenoids. Fresh rhizome yielded 18 monoterpenoids of which -pinene, -pinene
9
and limonene as major compounds and 17 oxygen containing monoterpenoids with cineol,
terpinen-4-o1, and -terpineol as minor compounds (Husain et al, 1992).
The rhizome contains tannins and flavonoids, some of which have been identified as
kaempferide, galangin and alpinin (Sastry, 1961). From roots, kaempferide, galangin and
alpinin were isolated. From green rhizomes, a pale yellow oil with a pleasant odour can be
obtained on distillation.
The essential oil from rhizomes yielded 5.6% cineole, 2.6% Methyl-cinnamate and
sesquiterpenes. From fresh rhizomes,18 monoterpenes were isolated of which -pinene
(22.5%), -pinene (36.7%) and limonene (13.8%) were major and 17-oxygen containing
monoterpenes with cineol (69%), terpinen-4-ol (8.75%) and (-terpenol (6.9%) as major
compounds. Seeds contain anti ulcer agents, 11- OAc chavivol-OAc and 11- OAc-eugenol-
OAc; also caryophyllene, caryophyllenol I and II, pentadecane, 7- heptadecane and fatty acid
Methyl- esters (Asolkar et al, 1992).
The rhizomes are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, nervine tonic, stimulant,
revulsive, carminative, stomachic, disinfectant, aphrodisiac, expectorant, broncho-dilator,
antifungal, febrifuge, antiinflammatory and tonic (Warier et al, 1993). Rhizome is CVS and
CNS active, diuretic, hypothermic. Seed is antiulcerative (Husain et al, 1992).
Rhizome spray in ether, over a space showed high knock down values against
houseflies. Alcohol (50%) extract of rhizome is anti-amphetaminic. Unani physicians
consider it good for impotence (Asolkar et al, 1992).
Curcuma aromatica rhizomes are used in combination with astringents and
aromatics for bruises, sprains, hiccough, bronchitis, cough, leucoderma and skin eruptions
(Warrier et al, 1994). The rhizomes have an agreeable fragrant smell and yield a yellow
colouring matter like turmeric, and the fresh root has a camphoraceous odour. The dried
rhizome is used as a carminative and aromatic adjunctant to other medicines (Nadkarni,
1998). Oil is used for treatment of early stage of cervix cancer (Asolkar et al, 1992).
Verghese (1990) established the use of mango-ginger as an exotic flavourant. Wild turmeric
or Cochin turmeric or Yellow zeodoary is found wild throughout India and cultivated in
Bengal and Kerala.
C. aromatica Salisb. is a perennial tuberous herb with annulate, aromatic yellow
rhizome which is internally orange-red in colour. Leaves are elliptic or lanceolate-oblong,
caudate-acuminate, 30-60cm long, petioles as long or even longer, bracts ovate, recurved,
more or less tinged with red or pink. Flowers are pink, lip yellow, obovate, deflexed, sub-
10
entire or obscurely three lobed. Fruits are dehiscent, globose, 3-valved capsules (Warrier et
al, 1994). The plant is also described by Gamble (1987) and Kirtikar and Basu (1987).
Rhizomes yield 6.1% essential oil (Chopra et al, 1980). Essential oil contains -and
- -curcumene, d-camphene and p-methoxy cinnamic acid. The colouring matter is
curcumin. Numerous sesquiterpenoids of germacrone and guaiane skeletons have been
identified recently (Husain et al, 1992).).
The tubers of Indian crocus are widely used as a local application for tumours,
swellings and wounds. The roots have a hot ginger-like taste. They are also given in gastric
complaints. They help to remove blood clots and other purulent matter in the body. The juice
of the tubers is given in dropsical affections of hands and feet, and of effusions in joints. The
juice causes salivation and vomiting. In Ayurveda, the improvement formulations using the
herb are Chyavanaprasam, Asokarishtam, Baladthatryaditailam, Kalyanakaghritham, etc.
The drug “HALLAKAM” prepared from this is in popular use in the form of powder or as an
ointment application to wounds and bruises to reduce swellings. It also improves complexion
and cures burning sensation, mental disorders and insomnia (NRF, 1998; Sivarajan and
Balachandran, 1994). The tubers are useful in vitiated conditions of vata and kapha,
gastropathy, dropsy, inflammations, wound, ulcers, blood clots, tumours and cancerous
swellings (Warrier et al, 1995). The decoction is applied with much benefit to wounds with
coagulated blood and with any purulent matter (Nadkarni, 1998).
The plant is distributed in the tropics and sub-tropics of Asia and Africa. The plant
grows wild in shaded areas which are wet or humid, especially in forests in South India. It
grows in gardens and is known for their beautiful flowers and foliage. It is also cultivated as
an intercrop with other commercial crops.
Kaempferia rotunda Linn. belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is an aromatic herb
with tuberous root-stalk and very short stem. The tubers contain crotepoxide and -sitosterol
(Husain et al, 1992). Asolkar et al (1992) also reported crotepoxide in tubers. Tuber contains
essential oil which give a compound with melting point 149oC which yielded benzoic acid
on hydrolysis (Rastogi and Mehrotra, 1990). The tubers are acrid, thermogenic aromatic,
stomachic, antiinflammatory, sialagogue, emetic, antitumour and vulnerary (Warrier et al,
1995)
11
References
Asolkar, L.V., Kakkar, K. K. and Chakre, O. J. 1992. Second Supplement to Glossary of
Indian Medicinal Plants with Active Principles Part I (A-K). (1965-81). Publications
and Informations Directorate (CSIR), New Delhi. 414p.
Chopra I.C., Khajuria, B.N. and Chopra, C.L. 1957. Antibacterial principles of Alpinia
galanga and Acorus calamus. Antibiotics Chemother, 7:378.
Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L. and Chopra, I. C. 1980. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants.
CSIR, New Delhi.
Chunekar, K. C. 1982. Bhavaprakashanighantu of Sri Bhavamishra. Commentary, Varanasi
(in Hindi).
Gamble J.S. 1987. Flora of the presidency of Madras. Vol.III. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal
Singh, Dehra Dun, India. Pp.1478-1493.
Husain, A., Virmani, O. P., Popli, S. P., Misra, L. N., Gupta, M. M., Srivastava, G. N.
Abraham, Z. and Singh, A. K. 1992. Dictionary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CIMAP,
Lucknow, India.546p.
Husain, A., Virmani, O. P., Sharma, A., Kumar, A. and Misra, L.N. 1988. Major Essential
oil-Bearing Plants of India. CIMAP, Lucknow. p.34.
KAU. 1983. Annual Research Report. Kerala agricultural University, Thrissur.
KAU. 1984. Annual Research Report. Kerala agricultural University, Thrissur.
KAU. 1992. Annual Research Report. Kerala agricultural University, Thrissur.
Kirtikar, K. R. and Basu, B.D. 1987. Indian Medicinal Plants. Internat. Book Distributors,
Dehra Dun.p.2444-2449.
Kirtikar, K. R. and Basu, B.D. 1988. Indian Medicinal Plants. vol. II. Internat. Book
Distributors, Dehra Dun.
Nadkarni, K. M. 1998. Indian Medicinal Plants and Drugs- with their Medicinal Properties
and Uses. Asiatic Publishing House New Delhi. 450p..
Sastry, M.S. 1961. Comparitive chemical study of two varieties of galangal. Indian J.
Pharm., 23:76.
Sivarajan, V. V. and Balachandran, I. 1994. Ayurvedic drugs and their Plant Sources.
Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 570p.
Thakur, R. S., Puri, H. S. and Husain, A. 1989. Major Medicinal Plants of India, CIMAP,
Lucknow, India.pp.50-52.
Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants.
Vol.1-5. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras.
12
Annexure –V
9. Technical Programme
The following 8 experiments are to be taken up under the scheme.
i) Optimum stage of harvest in Chittaratha.
ii) Spacing and manurial requirements of Chittaratha.
iii) Spacing and manurial requirements of Kastoorimanjal.
iv) Optimum planting spacing in Chengazhinirkizhangu.
v) Screening of organic manures and biofertilizers for maximum yield in
Chengazhinirkizhangu.
vi) Fertilizer requirement of Chengazhinirkizhangu.
vii) Physico-chemical changes in Chengazhinirkizhangu rhizomes during storage.
viii) Evaluation of lesser known medicinal and aromatic plants of Zingiberaceae
for essential oils and other chemical constituents.
The Experiment-wise details are furnished below.
i) Optimum stage of harvest in Alpinia galanga (Chittaratha)
Objective : To identify the optimum stage of harvest in Chittaratha for obtaining
maximum rhizome and oil yield.
Design : RBD.
Replications : 3
Treatment : 11 harvest stages (harvesting at 3 months interval from 6 months after
planting till 3 years)
Observations:
Growth parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves.
Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil yield, oil recovery gas chromatogram of
the oil
ii) Spacing and manurial requirements of Alpinia galanga (Chittaratha)
Objective : To find out the optimum spacing and manurial requirements of Chittaratha.
Design : RBD.
Replications : 3
Treatments : 4 x 5 = 20 factorial combinations of
13
a) four spacings (cm): 30x20, 40x30, 60x40, 60x60
b) five manurial treatments:
1. Control
2. FYM, 20t/ha.
3. N, P2 O5 and K2O at 100:50:50 kg/ha
(N & K in 2 equal splits)
4. Green manuring insitu (sowing cowpea at 25 kg/ha uprooting at 45 DAS and
using as mulch
5. Biofertilizer - Azospirillum at 10 kg/ha.
Observations:
1. Grwoth parameters : plant height, tillers, leaves.
2. Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil yield, oil recovery.
3. NPK status of the soil and removal by the crop.
iii) Spacing and manurial requirements of curcuma sp (Kastoorimanjal)
Objective : To find out the optimum spacing and manurial requirement of
Kastoorimanjal.
Design : RBD
Replications : 3
Treatments : 4 x 5 = 20 factorial combinations of
i) four spacings (cm) : 20x20, 30x20, 30x30, 40x30
ii) five manurial treatment
1. control
2. FYM, 20t/ha.
3. N, P2O5 and K2O at 100:50:50 kg/ha.
4. Green manuring insitu (sowing cowpea at 25 kg/ha, uprooting at flowering and
using as mulch)
5. Biofertilizer : Azospirillum at 10 kg/ha.
Observations:
Growth parameters : plant height, tillers, leaves
Yield parameters : rhizome yield, oil yield, oil recovery.
NPK status of soil and removal by crop.
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iv) Optimum planting spacing in Chengazhinirkizhangu (Kaempferia rotunda)
Objective : To find out the optimum spacing and plant population requirement
of Kaempferia rotunda for maximum yield.
Design : RBD
Replications : 4
Treatments : Five spacings (cm)
30x20, 30x30, 40x30, 60x40, 60x60
Observations:
Growth Parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves
Yield parameters : Rhizome yield.
v) Screening of organic manures and biofertilizers for maximum yield in Kaempferia
rotunda.
Objective : To assess the requirement of organic manures and biofertilizers for
realising maximum yield in Kaempferia rotunda.
Design : RBD
Replications : 3
Treatments : 14 (depicted in table 4)
Observations:
Growth parameters : plant height, tillers, leaves
Yield parameters : Rhizome yield.
vi) Fertilizer requirement of Kaempferia rotunda
Objective : To find out the fertilizer requirement of Kaempferia rotunda for maximum
yield.
Design : RBD
Replications : 3
Treatments : 4 x 2 +2 = 10
a) Four levels of N : 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg/ha.
b) Two ratios of N : P2O5: K2O: 1:1:1 and 2:1:1
c) Controls : 1) FYM @ 30t/ha as basal
2) Absolute control
Observations:
Growth parameters : plant height , tillers, leaves
Yield parameters : rhizome yield
NPK status of soil and removal of crop
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vii) Physico-chemical changes in Kaempferia rotunda rhizomes during storage
Objective : To study the effect of drying and storage methods on the quality of Kaempferia
rotunda.
Design : RBD
Replications : 3
Treatments : 3x3 = 9 factorial combinations of
a) Drying method
1. Drying separated whole fingers in sun for 3-4 days
2. Drying sliced fingers in sun for 2-3 days
3. Oven drying sliced fingers to 13-14% moisture
(oven drying at 70oC for 8 hrs each, 3-4 days)
b) Storage methods
1. Storing in gunny bags
2. Storing in plastic bags
3. Storing in airtight containers (metallic)
Observations:
The following observations to be recorded after 6 and 12 months of storage
i) change in weight
ii) Scoring for pests and diseases
iii) Other quality parameters.
Progress of work
The experiment was started. Kaempferia rotunda rhizomes were processed and stored
as per treatments. Observations will be recorded after 6 and 12 months of storage.
viii) Evaluation of lesser known medicinal and aromatic plants of Zingiberaceae family
for essential oils and their chemical constituents
Objective:
To evaluate the important species in the genera of alpinia, curcuma and Kaempferia
for essential oils and their chemical constituents.
Technical programme
The important species such as Alpinia galanga, A. Calearata, A.allnghas, Curcuma
aromatica, C. longa, Kaempferia galanga, K. rotunda, etc. will be cultivated in small plots.
The crop will be harvested at maturity after recording growth and yeild observations. The
rhizome will be analysed for yield and recovery of essential oils and oleoresins. The gas
chromatographic analysis will also be undertaken.
Observations
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Growth parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves
Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil recovery characteristics
Gas chromatogram of oil
The field experiment was laid out. The crop is managed well. Growth and yield
observations are being recorded.
I Year : Experiment Nos 1 to 5 will be conducted
II Year : Experiment Nos 6 to 8 will be conducted and Nos 1 to 5 will be repeated
III Year: Experiment Nos 6 to 8 will be repeated
Main items of observations
Growth parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves
Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil recovery characteristics
Gas chromatogram of oil
10. Facilities available
a. Equipment and apparatus
Clevenger apparatus
Gas liquid chromatograph
High pressure Liquid Chromatograph
Flame photometer
Spectrophotometer
Computer facilities
b. Area and land : 5 hectares for experimentation
c. Laboratory and office
Laboratory and office facilities of the station can be utilized.
Additional Facilities required
Equipment and apparatus
SL. No.
Equipment Number Approximate cost (Rs.)
Justification
1 Lux meter 1 15000 For light
measurements
2 Block digeter 1 70000 For the digestion
of plant samples
for quality
analysis
3 GLC columns 1 40000 For quality
analysis of oil
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12. Duration 3 years
13. Staff requirements
Designation of post : Research Associates
Number of posts : 1
Scale of pay : Rs. 10000 (consolidated)
Qualification prescribed : M. Sc. (Ag.)/Ph. D. In Agronomy
14. Estimate of costs
Name of post Scale of pay (Rs.) I year II year III year Total
Research
Associate
10000
(consolidated)
120000 120000 120000 360000
15. Recurring and non-recurring contingencies (Rs.)
Year Recurring Non-recurring
Staff salaries Contingencies TA Equipment Total
I year 120000 75000 10000 115000
II year 120000 100000 10000
III year 120000 125000 10000
Total 360000 200000 30000 115000 705000
Institutional charges @ 10% 70500
Grand total 360000 200000 30000 115000 775500
Rupees seven lakhs seventy five thousand and five hundred only
16. Receipts anticipated : Rs.50000/-
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17. Undertaking
Certified that
i) The research work proposed in the scheme does not in any way duplicate the research
work already dine and being carried out elsewhere on the project
ii) The scale of pay, allowances, etc proposed above are those admissible to the persons
of corresponding status employed under the Kerala Agricultural University.
iii) The present scheme cannot be combined with any scheme financed by the council,
Central and State Governments, Universities, or private institute if their own funds.
iv) Necessary provision for the scheme will be made in the University budgetin
anticipation of the sanction to the scheme by the council.
v) We undertake to abide by the guidelines provided by the council in implementation of
the ad-hoc project.
Principal Investigator
Signature
Date 14-03-2000
Name Joy P. P.
Designation Ph. D. Scholar (Agronomy)
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APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR AD-HOC RESEARCH SCHEME
Standardisation of Agrotechniques
in Lesser Known Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of
Zingiberaceae
Submitted to
Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchNew Delhi
Department of Agronomy
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