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Seminar on Standardisation in Research and InnovationPractical tools for the dissemination and implementation of research results
Brussels - 10th November 2011 - Louis-Guy CAJOT
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 2
DIFISEK & DIFISEK+
DIssemination of structural FIre Safety Engineering Knowledgethroughout Europe.
website www.difisek.eu
4: Thermal response
time
R
5: Mechanical response 6: Possible collapse
time
Θ
2: Thermal action 3: Mechanical actions
Loads
Steelcolumns
1: Ignition
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 3
To disseminate effectively Structural Fire Safety Engineering Knowledgegained in numerous ECSC and RFCS funded projects during the last about 20 years:
NFSCNatural Fire Safety Concept.
Objective
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
StaticLoads
WindSelf Weight
Imposed LoadSnow.........
Evacuation Time
Natural Fire Curveq
Natural Fire CurveDesign
GLOBAL BEHAVIOUROF THE STRUCTURE
tfi,dnat
RealisticLoad Combination
(Accidental)
Natural Fire Curveq
t
t
t fi,requ
Consequenceof Structural
Failure
FireCharacteristics
Ventilation ConditionsFire Load
GeometryThermal Characteristics
of Enclosure
WG3
ProbabilisticAspect
ActiveFire Measures
Risk of FireActivation
WG4
WG5WG1
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 4
NFSC2Natural Fire Safety Concept - Full-scale tests,implementation in the Eurocodes and development of a user-friendly design tool.
NFSC-valNatural Fire Safety Concept – Valorisation.
NFSC-CFDNatural Fire Safety Concept - The developmentand validation of a CFD-based engineeringmethodology for evaluating thermal action on steel and composite structures.
...
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 5
Time [min]0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 30 60
θ [°C]
90 120 180
Fire... What fire ?
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
Standard Fire (ISO 834)• Conventional• No link with real fires
• Requirement in terms of duration
The ISO curveðhas to be considered in the WHOLE compartment, even if the compartment is hugeðnever goes DOWNðdoes not consider the PRE-FLASHOVER phaseðdoes not depend on FIRE LOAD and VENTILATION CONDITIONS
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 6
standard fire natural fire
classification fire safety eng.
fire safety eng. fire safety eng.
Prescriptive Performance based
Structural Fire Safety EngineeringClassical approach
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 7
Æ Steel protection for fire resistance > 30 minutes
Additionnal cost of the protection > 40% of the finished steel cost
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 30 60 90 120time [min]
15 ’ 30 ’ 60 ’ ISO-curveHE180BHD400x382HE320A 15mm sprayed material
The protection must be optimized and applied where it is really needed.
Classical approach based on standard ISO -834 heating curveSingle element test
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 8
Scientific analysis based on :ð Fire scenarioð Physical parameters influencing the fire development (fire load,
ventilation, active fire fighting measures, …)
Standard curve
Temperature
Cooling ….
ISO834 standard fire curve
Ignition - Smouldering
Pre- FlashoverPre- Flashover
Heating
Post- Flashover1000 -1200°C
Post- Flashover1000 -1200°C
Natural fire curve
Time
FlashoverFlashover
Structural Fire Safety EngineeringNatural Fire
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 9
standard fire natural fire
classification fire safety eng.
fire safety eng. fire safety eng.
Prescriptive Performance based
Fire Safety Engineering + Global Structural Behavior = Fire Development
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 10
Æ Fire safety concept evaluation based on natural fire.Æ Required data for the fire development calculation methods (fire load [MJ/m²], fire
spread, rate of heat release [kW/m²]).Æ Definition of model scenario for usual buildings (offices, schools, shops,…).Æ Simulation of the behaviour of a part or the whole structure submitted to the different
fire scenarii and to the static loads.
European research in the field of the fire engineering achieved between 1994 ? 2006allows to develop Fire Engineering approach
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
including :
Æ Optimised and competitive solutions.Æ More controlled and quantified safety (Global structure behavior, more realistic fire
scenarii).Æ More efficient solutions as more in line with the targeted safety objectives.
and leading to :
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 11
Æ Existing regulations and standards based on standard fire.Æ Different regulations depending on the countries and even
on the regions.Æ Habits and perception of the professionals of construction.Æ Low expertise of engineers, architects in that domain.Æ Lack of training in that domain.Æ No userfriendly calculation tools.
The implementation of the research results met the following difficulties :
solved by :
Æ The natural fire was introduced in the Eurocodes, particularly Eurocode 1 - Fire Part.Æ The fire engineering has been dealt with in decree and regulations in different european
countries.Æ Userfriendly calculation tools were developed (Ozone), and are freely available on
www.difisek.euÆ Trainings were, and are organized.Æ A network of competent and qualified engineering offices in the field of fire engineering was
developed (www.securewithsteel.com).
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2002
ICS 13.220.50; 91.010.30
English version
Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures - Part 1 -2 : General Actions –Actions on structures exposed to fire
Eurocode 1 – Actions sur les st ructures –Partie 1 -2 : Actions Générales – Actions sur les structures exposées au feu
Eurocode 1 – Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke –Teil 1 -2: Allgemeine Einwirkungen – Einwirkungen im Brandfall
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 Sept ember 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up -to -date lists and bibliographical reference s concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation unde r the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Ger many, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in an y form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1991 -1 -2:2002 Eworldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 1991 - 1-2
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 12
EN 1990
Combinationof Actions
EN 1991
ActionsSelf weight
SnowWind
Variable loadsActions during
execution
EN 1991-1-2
Fire Actions
EN 1992EN 1993EN 1994
...
DesignEurocodes
EN 1992-1-2EN 1993-1-2EN 1994-1-2
...
Fire Design
EN 13670concreteEN 1090
steel
Executionstandards
EN 201-1concrete
EN 10025steel
Materialstandards
EN 1997
Design of foundations
EN 13381
Productstandards
Fire protection of structural members
Structural design of building in case of fire according to Eurocodes& National Annexes
TTT
TT
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
T
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 13
1975-1989
1989
1991-1998
1999-2000
2000
2002
2003
2007
2010-2011
2015
Launch of Eurocode program by the European Commission
Transfer of the Eurocodes program to the CEN and creation of theCEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes ”
Publication of the first generation of Eurocodes (pr ENV)
Revision procedure (2 years) and decision to translate the ENV t o EN
Start of the development of the second generation of Eurocodes (EN)
Publication of the first Eurocode (EN 1990)
European Commission recommendation to the member states in orderto approve and implement the Eurocodes EN
Publication of all the 58 EN sub -parts
Implementation of the Eurocodes EN with National Annexes in eachmember state and withdrawal of the conflicting national standard s
Revision of the Eurocodes
Natural Fire in Closed Car ParkNatural Fire in Large Compartment
NFSC
NFSC 2Design tools for multi -storey buildings exposed to fireNFSC -CFD
DIFISEK
DIFISEK +Advanced 3D modelling
Multi-storey building subjected to Natural Fire
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 14
Eurocode+
National annexes
Structural fire resistanceR [min] =
R0, R30, R60, R90, R120depending on
consequences of failureevacuation timebuilding heightnumber of levelsfireman safety...
Rreq [min]
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
National fire safety requirements
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 15
’Fire Safety Engineering ’ application to buildingsin G-D of Luxembourg
DIFISEK - DIssemination of FIre Safety Engineering KnowledgeRFCS dissemination project
Austria02 oct 08
Belgium22 oct 08 Germany
14 nov 08
Spain12 nov 08
France01 july 08
UK20 sept 08
Czech Rep24 sept 08
Italy03 dec 08
Portugal05 dec 08
Poland28 nov 08
Swedennov 08
Hungary29 oct 08
Romania14 nov 08
Lithuania05 dec 08
Greecenov 08
Slovenia15 oct 08
Estonianov 08
Part 1: Thermal & Mechanical ActionsPart 2: Thermal ResponsePart 3: Mechanical Response of Structures in Fire Part 4: Software for Fire DesignPart 5-1: Worked Examples Part 5-2: Illustration of Completed Projects
Presentations and Syllabus in PDF for the 5 parts.A total of about 4960 powerpoint slides and 3330 document pages
ð Dissemination package in line with 17 eurocode National annexes
ð A total of 1402 participants have attended the different seminars
ð Training of Design Offices www.securewithsteel.com
Translated into 16 languagesUK, German, French, Spanish, Dutch, Czech, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Swedish, Hungarian, Romanian, Lithuanian, Greek, Slovenian.
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 17
Office building in Luxemburg
Structural Fire Safety Engineering
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 18
Structural Fire Safety EngineeringUse by architects, engineers, designers, firemen, insurance compagnies, authorities, professors, students
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
DIFISEK+
Total number of downloads
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Tons of steel in building designed with Fire Engineering
Total of downloads = 11575Total of tons = 120943
Brussels - November 2011 Seminar on Standardisation in Research and Innovation 19
Structural Fire Safety EngineeringFuture Standards & Regulations