HY440 2012-13 Reading List

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THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN IRAN:STATE, SOCIETY, AND DIPLOMACY

Teacher responsible: Dr. Roham Alvandi, Room E310, . Officehours will be posted at the beginning of each term.

Course Description: This course examines the emergence of modern Iran against thebackdrop of Irans political, social and diplomatic history from the 19th century to 2005. Itcovers three inter-related topics: the history of the modern Iranian state; the interactionbetween state and society in modern Iran; and Irans diplomatic history in the 19th and20th centuries. The course is divided into three sections. The first section examines theemergence of modern Iran from the remnants of the Persian Empire under the Qajars,with a particular focus on reform, revolution and Irans encounter with Europeanimperialism. The second section deals with the Pahlavi era and the attempts by bothPahlavi monarchs to strengthen the Iranian state while confronting social resistance athome and asserting Irans power abroad. The third section deals with the origins of theIranian revolution of 1978/79 and the transformation of the Iranian state under theIslamic Republic. Here we consider how war and peace shaped the domestic politicsand foreign policy of revolutionary Iran, with a particular focus on US-Iran relations andthe rise and fall of the reform movement. Finally, the course draws some broadconclusions about continuity and change in Iranian history with reference to the majortheories and debates in the historiography of modern Iran.

Course Objectives:

(i) to provide students with an understanding of the history of modern Iran, within itspolitical, social and diplomatic context.

(ii) to allow students to understand and critically engage with major controversies,debates and theories in the historiography of modern Iran.

(iii) to help students locate the history of modern Iran in the international history ofthe twentieth century.

Teaching Arrangements: Twenty seminars of two hours. Students are expected tokeep up with readings for the weekly meetings and to participate in the seminardiscussions. Students are required to produce two essays during the year.

Final Course Assessment:A three-hour unseen written examination in June. The finalexam will count for 100% of the final course assessment.

Course Evaluation: Throughout the academic year, students are required to write twoessays. There will also be a mock exam (a one-hour timed essay) in the first of the two

revision classes in the summer term. Essay marks and class participation are noted ineach students termly report. The essays do not form part of the final assessment for thecourse, but as part of the course requirements their completion is a condition for enteringfor the examination.

Twoessays have to be submitted at these times, or beforehand:

1) Wednesday, Week 7 of Michaelmas Term;

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2) Wednesday, Week 7 of Lent Term;

Any student encountering problems with meeting these deadlines (for any reason)should contact their class teacher ahead of the deadline to request an extension.

Essay questions mustbe taken from previous exam papers. Students are notpermittedto invent their own essay questions.

Your essay should be up to 3,000 words in length. On the title page you should writeyour name and the question you are answering. Your essay should clearly state yourapproach to the topic at the beginning, develop a coherent argument with references tothe assigned reading for that topic, and finish with a conclusion. More details are given inthe Department's notes on essay writing, available from the public folders.

If you quote from a source, you must footnote (or endnote) this. You should also providea bibliography of your reading at the end of the essay (this should contain at least 4-6titles).

Essay Submission

All essays should be handed to the class teacher at the beginning of the seminar on theday of the deadline. You should also submit your essay electronically [email protected].
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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READING LIST1. Reference Works

Library classmarks have been indicated in bold face type. [cc] = Course Collection.

Abrahamian, Ervand, Iran: between two revolutions (Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, 1982). [cc] DS316.6 A15

Abrahamian, Ervand,A History of Modern Iran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2008). [cc] DS316.3 A15. Also available as an e-book on Moodle.

Ansari, Ali, Modern Iran since 1921: the Pahlavis and after(Harlow: Longman, 2003).DS266 A61

Avery, Peter, Gavin R. G. Hambly and Charles Melville (eds.), The Cambridge History ofIran, Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1991). DS272 C17. Also available as an e-book on Moodle.

Katouzian, Homa, The Persians: ancient, mediaeval and modern Iran (New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 2009). [cc] DS272 K11

Keddie, Nikki R., Modern Iran: roots and results of revolution, New Edition (New Haven

and London: Yale University Press, 2006). DS316.3 K21Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.), Encyclopedia Iranica.Available online at:

.

2. Primary Sources

Students should consult the following documents and oral histories, all available on-linein English and Persian, especially for their essays:

The Oral History Collection of the Foundation for Iranian Studies, available on-line at:.

The Harvard Iranian Oral History Project, available on-line at:

The Foreign Relations of the United States series published by the U.S. Department of

State, available both on-line and in hard copy: (1861-1960) (1960-1976)

3. Video Documentaries

Students should consult the following video documentaries, all available on-line, for filmand images of major events in the history of modern Iran and interviews with majorhistorical personalities.

Iran and the West, a three-part series produced by Norma Percy, which aired on BBC 2in February 2009.

Showdown with Tehran, written, produced and directed by Greg Barker, which aired on23 October 2007 on the Frontline program of the PBS television network in the UnitedStates.

Britain and Iran, narrated by Christopher de Bellaigue, which aired on BBC 4 on 14February 2009.

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4. Summary of Seminars

Michaelmas Term

Week 1: Introduction to HY440

Week 2. The IraniansWeek 3. Qajar IranWeek 4. The Constitutional RevolutionWeek 5. The Rise and Fall of Reza ShahWeek 6. Iran and the Origins of the Cold WarWeek 7. Musaddiq, Iranian Oil, and the 1953 CoupWeek 8. Autocracy and Reform under Mohammad Reza ShahWeek 9. The Foreign Relations of Pahlavi IranWeek 10. The Origins of Irans Nuclear Program

Lent Term

Week 1. The Opposition to the ShahWeek 2. The Iranian Revolution of 1978/79Week 3. The Western Intelligence Failure in IranWeek 4. Khomeini and the Islamic RepublicWeek 5. The Islamic Republic at War, 1980-1988Week 6. The Islamic Republic at Peace, 1989-1997Week 7. The Reform Movement, 1997-2005Week 8. Khatamis Dtente with the United StatesWeek 9. Irans Conservative RevivalWeek 10. The Historiography of Modern Iran

Summer Term

Week 1. Mock ExamWeek 2. Revision Class

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MICHAELMAS TERM

Week 2. The Iranians

(i) Who are the Iranians?

Required Reading:

Katouzian, Homa, The Persians: ancient, mediaeval and modern Iran (New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 2009), Introduction and Chapters 1-5. [cc] DS272 K11

Additional Reading:

Avery, Peter, Balancing Factors in Irano-Islamic Politics and Society, Middle EastJournal, 50/2 (1996), pp. 177-189. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

de Bellaigue, Christopher, The Persian Difference,New York Review of Books, 15

December 2005, pp.16-20. DS318.9 D27Fazel, Mohammad K., The Politics of Passions: Growing up Shia, Iranian Studies, 21/3

(1988), pp. 37-51. Available electronically on Moodle

Week 3. Qajar Iran

(i) Who were the Qajars and how did they govern Iran?(ii) What was the impact of British and Russian imperialism on Qajar Iran?(iii) How can we account for the downfall of Amir Kabir?

Required Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand, Oriental Despotism: the case of Qajar Iran, International Journalof Middle East Studies, 5/1 (1974), pp. 3-31. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &Available electronically on Moodle

Amanat, Abbas, Russian Intrusion into the Guarded Domain: reflections of a Qajarstatesman on European expansion, Journal of the American Oriental Society,113/1 (1993), pp. 35-56. Available electronically on Moodle

Amanat, Abbas, The Downfall of Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir and the Problem ofMinisterial Authority in Qajar Iran, International Journal of Middle East Studies,23/4 (1991), pp. 577-599. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Katouzian, Homa, The Persians: ancient, mediaeval and modern Iran (New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 2009), Introduction and Chapters 6-7. [cc] DS272 K11

Additional Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand,A History of Modern Iran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2008), Chapter 1. [cc] DS316.3 A15. Also available as an e-book on Moodle.

Ansari, Ali M., Iran to 1919, in Frances Robinson (ed.), The New Cambridge History ofIslam, Volume 5, The Islamic World in the Age of Western Dominance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. pp. 154-179. Availableelectronically on Moodle

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Amanat, Abbas, Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al Din Shah and the Iranian monarchy,1831-1896(Berkley: University of California Press, 1997). DS307.N38 A48

Bosworth, C. Edmund and Carole Hillenbrand (eds.), Qajar Iran: political, social andcultural change 1800-1925(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983). [cc]DS298 Q1

Farmanfarmaian, Roxane (ed.), War and Peace in Qajar Persia: implications past and

present(Abingdon: Routledge, 2008). [cc] DS299 W25Greaves, Rose, Iranian Relations with Great Britain and British India, 1798-1921, in The

Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7, Chapter 11. Available electronically onMoodle

Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh, Fragile Frontiers: the diminishing domains of Qajar Iran,International Journal of Middle East Studies,29/2 (1997), pp. 205-234.Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Kazemzadeh, Firuz, Iranian Relations with Russia and the Soviet Union, to 1921, inThe Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7, Chapter 9. Available electronicallyon Moodle

Lambton, Anne K. S., Qajar Persia: eleven studies (Austin: University of Texas Press,1988). DS298 L22

Meredith, Colin, Early Qajar Administration: an analysis of its development andfunctions, Iranian Studies, 4 (1971), pp. 59-84. Available electronically onMoodle

Sheikholeslami, A. Reza, The Patrimonial Structure of Iranian bureaucracy in the LateNineteenth Century, Iranian Studies, 11 (1978), pp. 199-258. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Week 4. The Constitutional Revolution

(i) What were the causes of the Constitutional Revolution?(ii) Who opposed the Constitutional Revolution and why?(iii) What is the legacy of the Constitutional Revolution?

Required Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand, The Causes of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran, InternationalJournal of Middle Eastern Studies, 10/3 (1979), pp. 381-414. PeriodicalsCollection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Katouzian, Homa, The Persians: ancient, mediaeval and modern Iran (New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 2009), Chapter 8. [cc] DS272 K11

Martin, Vanessa, The Anti-Constitutionalist Arguments of Shaikh Fazlallah Nuri, MiddleEastern Studies, 22/2 (1986), pp. 181-196. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:


Afary, Janet, The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: grassroots democracy,social democracy, & the origins of feminism (New York: Columbia UniversityPress, 1996). [cc] JQ1782 A25 & Introduction on Moodle

Bayat, Mangol, Irans First Revolution: Shiism and the constitutional revolution of 1905(New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). DS313 B35

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Bonakdarian, Mansour, The Persia Committee and the Constitutional Revolution inIran, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 18/2 (1991), pp. 186-207.Available electronically on Moodle

Browne, Edward Granville, The Persian Revolution of 1905-1909 (Cambridge: TheUniversity Press, 1910). DS313 B86

Keddie, Nikki R. (ed.), Religion and Politics in Iran: Shiism from quietism to revolution

(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983). [cc] BP192.7.I6 R38Martin, Vanessa, Islam and Modernism: the Iranian revolution of 1906(London: I.B.

Tauris, 1989). DS313 M38

Week 5. The Rise and Fall of Reza Shah

(i) What role did Britain play in Reza Khans rise to power?(ii) What were the major policies and institutions of the Pahlavi state?(iii) Was Reza Shah a brutal dictator or a patriotic reformer?

Required Reading:

Ghani, Cyrus, Iran and the Rise of Reza Shah: from Qajar collapse to Pahlavi rule(London: I. B. Tauris, 1998), Chapter 7, pp. 161-198. DS317 G41 & availableelectronically on Moodle


Matthee, Rudi, Transforming Dangerous Nomads into Useful Artisans, Technicians,Agriculturists: education in the Reza Shah period, Iranian Studies, 26/3 (1993),pp. 313-336. Available electronically on Moodle

Zirinsky, Michael P., Imperial Power and Dictatorship: Britain and the rise of RezaShah, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 24/4 (1992), pp. 639-663.Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:


Atabaki, Touraj and Erik J. Zrcher, Men of Order: authoritarian modernization underAtatrk and Reza Shah (London: I.B. Tauris, 2004). DS63 A86

Banani, Amin, The Modernization of Iran, 1921-1941 (Stanford: Stanford UniversityPress, 1961). DS317 B21

Chehabi, Houchang, Staging the Emperors New Clothes: dress codes and nation -building under Reza Shah, Iranian Studies, 24/3 (1993), pp. 209-233. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Cronin, Stephanie, The Army and the Creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, 1921-1926

(London: I. B. Tauris, 1997). DS316.3 C94Cronin, Stephanie (ed.), The Making of the Modern Iran: state and society under Riza

Shah, 1921-41 (London: Routledge, 2003). DS317 M23Faghfoory, Mohammad H., The Impact of Modernization on the Ulama in Iran, 1925-

1941, Iranian Studies, 26/3 (1993), pp. 277-312. Available electronically onMoodle

Katouzian, Homa, State and Society in Iran: the eclipse of the Qajars and theemergence of the Pahlavis (London: I.B. Tauris, 2000). [cc] DS316.6 K11

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Kia, Mehrdad, Persian Nationalism and the Campaign for Language Purification, MiddleEastern Studies, 34/2 (1998), pp. 9-36. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Martin, Vanessa, Mudarris, Republicanism, and the Rise to Power of Riza Khan,Sardar-i Sipah, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 21/2 (1994), pp. 199-210. Available electronically on Moodle

Rezun, Miron, Reza Shahs Court Minister: Teymourtash, International Journal ofMiddle East Studies, 12/2 (1980), pp. 119-137. Available electronically onMoodle

Week 6. Iran and the Origins of the Cold War

(i) What were the causes of the Allied invasion of Iran in August 1941?(ii) What were Stalins goals during the 1946 Azerbaijan Crisis?(iii) Compare and contrast British and American policies towards Iran during the

1946 Azerbaijan Crisis.(iv) Why did Soviet troops withdraw from Iran in 1946?

Required Reading:

Fawcett, Louise L., Iran and the Cold War: the Azerbaijan crisis of 1946(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1992), Chapter 6. DS318 F27. Availableelectronically on Moodle


Kozhanov, Nikolay A., The Pretexts and Reasons for the Allied Invasion of Iran in 1941,Iranian Studies, 45/4 (2012), pp. 479-497. Available electronically on Moodle

McFarland, Steven L., A Peripheral View of the Origins of the Cold War: The Crises inIran, 1941-47, Diplomatic History, 4/4 (1980), pp. 333-352. PeriodicalsCollection, E183.7 & available electronically on Moodle

Raine, F. S., Stalin and the Creation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Party in Iran, 1945,Cold War History, 2/1 (2001), pp. 1-38. Available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:


Azimi, Fakhreddin, Iran: the crisis of democracy(London: I. B. Tauris, 1989). DS318A99

Blake, Kristen, The U.S.-Soviet Confrontation in Iran: a case in the annals of the coldwar(Lanham: University Press of America, 2009). E183.8.S65 B63

Doenecke, Justus D., Irans Role in Cold War Revisionism, Iranian Studies, 5/2 (1972),

pp. 96-111. Available electronically on MoodleEshraghi, F., Anglo-Soviet Occupation of Iran in August 1941, Middle Eastern Studies,

20/1 (1984), pp. 27-52. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Eshraghi, F., The Immediate Aftermath of Anglo-Soviet Occupation of Iran in August1941, Middle Eastern Studies, 20/3 (1984), pp. 324-351. PeriodicalsCollection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Goode, James F., The United States and Iran, 1946-51: the diplomacy of neglect(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989). E183.8.I7 G68

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Hasanov, Jamal,At the Dawn of the Cold War: the Soviet-American crisis over IranianAzerbaijan, 1941-1946(Lanham: Rowan & Littlefield, 2006). DS324.A9 H34

Hess, Gary R., The Iranian Crisis of 1945-46 and the Cold War, Political ScienceQuarterly, 89/1 (1974), pp. 117-146. Periodicals Collection, JA1.A1 &available electronically on Moodle

Kuniholm, Bruce R., The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: great power conflict

and diplomacy in Iran, Turkey and Greece (Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, 1980). [cc] DS63 K91

Lenczowski, George, Russia and the West in Iran, 1918-1948: a study in big-powerrivalry(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1949). DS274.2.R9 L56

Lytle, Mark Hamilton, The Origins of the Iranian-American Alliance, 1941-1953 (NewYork: Holmes and Meier, 1987). E183.8.I55 L99

McFarland, Steven L., Anatomy of an Iranian Political Crowd: the Tehran bread riot ofDecember 1942, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 17/1 (1985), pp.51-65. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Pfau, Richard, Containment in Iran, 1946: The Shift to an Active Policy, DiplomaticHistory, 1/4 (1977), pp. 359-372. Available electronically on Moodle

Rezun, Miron, The Soviet Union and Iran: Soviet policy in Iran from the beginnings of the

Pahlavi dynasty until the Soviet invasion of 1941 (Alphen aan den Rijn: Sijthoffand Noordhoff International Publishers, 1981). DS317 R46

Samii, Kuross A., Truman Against Stalin in Iran: A Tale of Three Messages, MiddleEastern Studies, 23/1 (1987), pp. 95-107. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Seydi, Suleyman, Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence Activities in Iran during theSecond World War, Middle Eastern Studies, 46/5 (2010), pp. 733-752. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Yegorova, Natalia I., The Iran Crisis of 1945-46: A View from the Russian Archives,Working Paper No. 15, Cold War International History Project, Woodrow WilsonInternational Centre for Scholars, Washington, DC, May 1996. Availableelectronically on Moodle

See also the three Soviet documents relating to the 1945-46 Iran Crisis, translated bythe Cold War International History Project. Available electronically on Moodle.

Week 7. Musaddiq, Iranian Oil, and the 1953 Coup

(i) How did Britain respond to the nationalization of Iranian oil?(ii) Compare and contrast the policies of the Truman and Eisenhower

administrations towards Iran.(iii) Was Musaddiq toppled because of his own intransigence?

Required Reading:

Gasiorowski, Mark J. and Malcolm Byrne (eds.), Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953Coup in Iran (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2004). [cc] DS316.6 M69

The CIAs Official History of Operation Ajax. Available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Azimi, Fakhreddin, Iran: The Crisis of Democracy, 1941-53 (London: I.B. Tauris, 1989),

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Chapters 18-20. DS318 A99Bayandor, Darioush, Iran and the CIA: the fall of Mosaddeq revisited(London: Palgrave

Macmillan, 2010). DS316.6 B35 & available as an e-book on MoodleBill, James A. & Wm. Roger Louis (eds.), Musaddiq, Iranian Nationalism & Oil, (London:

I.B. Tauris, 1988). [cc] DS316.32 M98Brands, H. W., The Cairo-Tehran Connection in Anglo-American Rivalry in the Middle

East, 1951-1953, International History Review, 21/3 (1989), pp. 434-456.Periodicals Collection, D1 & available electronically on Moodle

Elm, Mostafa, Oil, Power, and Principle: Irans oil nationalization and its aftermath(Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992). HD9576.I62 E41

Falle, Sir Sam, The Mussadiq era in Iran, 1951-1953: a contemporary diplomats view,in David W. Lesch (ed.), The Middle East and the United States: a historical and

political reassessment(Boulder: Westview, 1996), pp. 79-87. [cc] DS63.2.U5M62

Ferrier, R. W., The History of the British Petroleum Company, Volumes 1 and 2(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982) HD9571.9.B F39

Ferrier, R. W., The Iranian Oil Industry, in Peter Avery et. al. (eds.), The CambridgeHistory of Iran, Volume 7, From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1991),pp. 639-701. [cc] DS272 C17 & Availableelectronically on Moodle

Gasiorowski, Mark J., The 1953 Coup dtat in Iran, International Journal of Middle EastStudies, 19/3 (1987), pp. 261-286. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Gasiorowski, Mark J., The CIA Looks Back at the 1953 Coup in Iran, Middle EastReport, 216 (2000), pp. 4-5. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Gavin, Francis J., Politics, Power, and U.S. Policy in Iran, 1950-1953, Journal of ColdWar Studies, 1/1 (1999), pp. 56-89. Available electronically on Moodle

Ghasimi, Reza, Irans Oil Nationalization and Mossadeghs Involvement with the WorldBank, Middle East Journal, 65/3 (2011), pp. 442-456. Available electronically on

MoodleHeiss, Mary Ann, Empire and Nationhood: the United States, Great Britain, and Iranian

Oil, 1950-1954 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997). [cc] HD 9576.I62H47

Katouzian, Homa, Musaddiq and the Struggle for Power in Iran (London: I.B. Tauris,1990). DS316.9 M91

Marsh, Steve, Continuity and Change: reinterpreting the policies of the Truman andEisenhower administrations towards Iran, 1950-54, Journal of Cold War Studies,7/3 (2005), pp. 79-123. Available electronically on Moodle

Marsh, Steve,Anglo-American Relations and Cold War Oil: Crisis in Iran (London:Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) E183.8.G7 M36

Marsh, Steve, HMG, AIOC and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Crisis: in defence of Anglo-Iranian,

Diplomacy and Statecraft, 12/4 (2001), pp. 143-174. Available electronically onMoodle

Painter, David, Oil and the American Century: the political economy of U.S. foreign oilpolicy, 1941-1954 (Baltimore, 1986) HD9566 P14

Painter, David, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War, 1945-1962, in Melvyn P. Leffler andOdd Arne Westad (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2010),pp. 486-507.[cc] D842 C17 & availableelectronically on Moodle

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Roosevelt, Kermit, Countercoup: the struggle for the control of Iran (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979). DS318 R78

Ruehsen, Moiara de Moraes, Operation AJAX revisted: Iran 1953, Middle EasternStudies, Vol. 29, No. 3 (1993), pp. 467-486. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Yergin, Daniel, The Prize: the epic quest for oil, money and power (New York: Simon &

Schuster, 1991), Chapter 23, pp. 450-478. [cc] HD9560.6 Y41

Week 8. Autocracy and Reform under Mohammad Reza Shah

(i) Why did the shah launch the White Revolution?(ii) What was the significance of the June 1963 demonstrations?(iii) Was the White Revolution a failure?

Required Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand, Tortured Confessions: prisons and public recantations in modernIran (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), Chapter 2. HV8599 .I7 A45

& Chapter 2 on MoodleGoode, James F., Reforming Iran during the Kennedy Years, Diplomatic History, 15/1

(1991), pp. 13-29. Periodicals Collection, E183.7 & available electronicallyon Moodle


Milani, Abbas, The Shah (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), Chapter 15, pp. 279-308. [cc] DS318 M63 & available electronically on Moodle [This wasscanned for HY321]

Additional Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand,A History of Modern Iran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2008), Chapter 5. [cc] DS316.3 A15 & available as an e-book on Moodle.

Afkhami, Gholam Reza, The Life and Times of the Shah (Berkley: University ofCalifornia Press, 2009). DS318 A25

Alam, Asadollah, The Shah and I: the confidential diary of Irans royal court, 1969-1977(London: Tauris, 1991). DS316.6 A31

Ansari, Ali M., The Myth of the White Revolution: Mohammad Reza Shah,modernization and the consolidation of power, Middle Eastern Studies, 37/3(2001), pp. 1-24. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically onMoodle

Bill, James, The Plasticity of Informal Politics: The Case of Iran, Middle East Journal,27/2 (1973), pp. 131-51. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available

electronically on MoodleBinder, Leonard, The Cabinet of Iran: A Case Study in Institutional Adaptation, Middle

East Journal, 16/1 (1962), pp. 29-47. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Binder, Leonard, Iran: political development in a changing society(Berkeley: Universityof California Press, 1962). DS318 B61

Bostock, Frances, and Geoffrey Jones, Planning and Power in Iran: Ebtehaj andeconomic development under the Shah (London: Cass, 1989). HC475 B74

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Gasiorowski, Mark J., The Qarani Affair and Iranian Politics, International Journal ofMiddle East Studies, 25/4 (1993), pp. 625-644. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Hoogland, Eric J., Land and Revolution in Iran, 1960-1980(Austin: University of TexasPress, 1982). HD1333.I6 H77

Lambton, Ann K. S., The Persian Land Reform, 1962-1966(Oxford: Clarendon Press,

1969). HD926 L22Milani, Abbas, The Persian Sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian

revolution (Washington, DC: Mage Publishers, 2000). [cc] DS316.9.H88 M63Nasr, Vali, Politics within the Late-Pahlavi State: the Ministry of Economy and Industrial

Policy, 1963-69, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 32/1 (2000), pp.97-122. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza, Mission for my Country(London: Hutchinson, 1961). [cc]DS318 M69

Razavi, Hossein, and Firouz Vakil. The Political Environment of Economic Planning inIran, 1971-1983: from monarchy to Islamic Republic(Boulder: Westview, 1984).HC475 R27

Zonis, Marvin, The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971).

HN670.2 Z81

Week 9. The Foreign Relations of Pahlavi Iran

(i) Compare and contrast the dynamics of US-Iran relations under Johnson andNixon.

(ii) What were the goals of Mohammad Reza Shahsindependent nationalpolicy? Did he achieve them?

(iii) Was Pahlavi Iran a revisionist power in the Middle East in the 1960s and1970s?

Required Reading:

Alvandi, Roham, Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The Origins of Iranian Primacy in thePersian Gulf, Diplomatic History, 36/2 (2012), pp. 337-372. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Johns, Andrew L., The Johnson Administration, the Shah of Iran, and the ChangingPattern of U.S.-Iranian Relations, 1965-1967: tired of being treated like aschoolboy, Journal of Cold War Studies, 9/2 (2007), pp. 64-94. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Parsi, Trita, Treacherous Alliance: the secret dealings of Israel, Iran, and the U.S. (NewHaven: Yale University Press, 2007),Chapters 4-7, pp. 39-78. [cc] DS274.2.I75P26 & available as an e-book on Moodle.

Additional Reading:

Alvandi, Roham, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and the Bahrain Question, 1968-1970,British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 37/2 (2010), pp. 159-177. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Bill, James A., The Eagle and the Lion: the tragedy of American-Iranian relations (NewHaven: Yale University Press, 1988). E183.8.I6 B59

Chubin, Shahram. 'Iran,' in Yezid Sayigh and Avi Shlaim (eds.), The Cold War and theMiddle East(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), pp. 216-49. [cc] DS63.1 C68

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Chubin, Shahram, and Sepehr Zabih, The Foreign Relations of Iran: a developing statein a zone of great-power conflict(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974).DS318 C55 & Chapter 7 on Moodle

Chubin, Shahram, 'Iran: between the Arab West and the Asian East', Survival,16/4(1974), pp. 172-182. Periodicals Collection, U162

Cottrell, Alvin J., and James E. Dougherty, Irans Quest for Security: U.S. arms transfers

and the nuclear option (Cambridge: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, 1977).UA853.I67 C85

Gasiorowski, Mark J., U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: building a client state in Iran(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991). E183.8.I55 G24

Nemchenok, Victor V., In Search of Stability Amid Chaos: US policy toward Iran, 1961 -63, Cold War History, 10/3 (2010), pp. 341-369. Available electronically onMoodle

Nemchenok, Victor V., The Ford Foundation and the Failure of Rural Development inIran, 1953-64, Middle East Journal, 63/2 (2009), pp. 261-284.

Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza, Mission for my Country(London: Hutchinson, 1961). [cc]DS318 M69

Popp, Roland, Benign Intervention? The Kennedy Administrations Push for Reform in

Iran in Manfred Berg and Andreas Etges (eds.), John F. Kennedy and theThousand Days: new perspectives on the foreign and domestic policies of theKennedy administration (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag Winter, 2007), pp. 197-219. Available electronically on Moodle

Popp, Roland, An Application of Modernization Theory during the Cold War? The Caseof Pahlavi Iran, The International History Review, 30/1 (2008), pp. 76-98.Available electronically on Moodle

Ramazani, Rouhollah K., 'Iran and the Arab-Israeli Conflict,' Middle East Journal,32/4(1978), pp. 413-28. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronicallyon Moodle

Ramazani, Rouhollah K., Irans Search for Regional Coperation, Middle East Journal,30/2 (1976), pp. 173-186. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available

electronically on MoodleRamazani, Rouhollah K., The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1941-1973: a study of foreign policy

in modernizing nations (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1975).DS274 R16

Ramazani, Rouhollah K., The Persian Gulf: Iran's role (Charlottesville: University Pressof Virginia, 1972). DS274.2.I55 R16

Rubin, Barry, Paved with Good Intentions: the American experience in Iran (New York:Oxford University Press, 1980), Chapter 5. E183.8.I55 R89 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Samii, Abbas William, 'The Shah's Lebanon Policy: the role of SAVAK,' Middle EasternStudies,33/1 (1997), pp. 66-91. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Summitt, April R., For A White Revolution: John F. Kennedy and the Shah of Iran,Middle East Journal, 58/4 (2004), pp. 560-575. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Week 10. The Origins of Irans Nuclear Program

(i) What was the impact of the 1973 oil price rise on Iran?(ii) What were the goals of the shahs nuclear program?(iii) What was so controversial about Irans civilian nuclear program?

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(iv) Compare and contrast the attitudes of the Nixon, Ford, and Carteradministrations towards Irans nuclear program.

Required Reading:

Afkhami, Gholam Reza, The Life and Times of the Shah (Berkley: University of

California Press, 2009), Chapter 15. DS318 A25 & available electronically onMoodle

Burr, William, A Brief History of U.S.-Iranian Nuclear Negotiations, Bulletin of AtomicScientists, 65/1 (2009), pp. 21-34. Reserve Periodicals, QC770, & availableelectronically on Moodle

Milani, Abbas, Akbar Etemad in his Eminent Persians: the men and women who mademodern Iran, 1941-1979, Vol. I (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2008), pp.134-138. DS316.85 M63, & available electronically on Moodle

Milani, Abbas, The Persian Sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranianrevolution (Washington, DC: Mage Publishers, 2000), Chapter 13. [cc]DS316.9.H88 M63, & available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Gavin, Francis J., Nuclear Nixon: Ironies, Puzzles, and the Triumph of Realpolitik inFredrik Logevall and Andrew Preston (eds.), Nixon in the World: AmericanForeign Relations, 1969-1977(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp.139-140. [cc] E855 N73 & available electronically on Moodle

Brenner, Michael J., Nuclear Power and Non-Proliferation: the remaking of U.S. policy(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981). JX1974.73 B83

Cooper, Andrew Scott, Showdown at Doha: the secret oil deal that helped sink the Shahof Iran, Middle East Journal, 62/4 (2008), pp. 567-591. Periodicals Collection,DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Razavi, Hossein, and Firouz Vakil, The Political Environment of Economic Planning in

Iran, 1971-1983: from monarchy to Islamic Republic(Boulder: Westview, 1984).HC475 R27

Walker, J. Samuel, Nuclear Power and Non-Proliferation: the controversy over nuclearexports, 1974-1980, Diplomatic History, 25/2 (2001), pp. 215-249. PeriodicalsCollection, E183.7 & available electronically on Moodle

Electronic Briefing Book No. 268, National Security Archive, George WashingtonUniversity, available electronically on Moodle

LENT TERM

Week 1. The Opposition to the Shah

(i) What role did the National Front and the Tudeh Party play in the opposition tothe shah?

(ii) Who was Ayatollah Khomeini and what was his critique of the Pahlavi state?(iii) Which Leftist groups were waging an armed struggle against the Pahlavi

state and why?(iv) What was the influence of intellectuals like Ali Shariati and Jalal Al-e Ahmad

on the opposition to the shah?

Required Reading:

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Abrahamian, Ervand, The Guerilla Movement in Iran, 1963-1977, MERIP Reports, 86(1980), pp. 3-15. Available electronically on Moodle

Abrahamian, Ervand, Iran in Revolution: The Opposition Forces, MERIP Reports, 75/76(1979), pp. 3-8. Available electronically on Moodle

Cronin, Stephanie, The Left in Iran: illusion and disillusion, Middle Eastern Studies,36/3

(2000), pp. 231-243. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronicallyon Moodle

Hanson, Brad, Westoxication of Iran: Depictions and Reactions of Behrangi, al-eAhmad, and Shariati, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 15/1 (1983),pp. 1-23. Available electronically on Moodle


Additional Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand, The Iranian Mojahedin (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989).DS318.825 A15

Akhavi, Shahrough, Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran: clergy-state relations inthe Pahlavi period(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1980). BP63.I68A31

Behdad, Sohrab, Islamic Utopia in Pre-Revolutionary Iran: Navab Safavi and theFadaian-e Eslam, Middle Eastern Studies,33/1(1997), pp. 34-56. PeriodicalsCollection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Behrooz, Maziar, Rebels with a Cause: the failure of the Left in Iran (London: I. B. Tauris1999). DS316.6 B41 & Chapter 2 on Moodle

Boroujerdi, Mehrzad. Iranian Intellectuals and the West: the tormented triumph ofnativism (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1996). DS316.4 B73

Chehabi, Houchang E., Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: the LiberationMovement of Iran under the Shah and Khomeini (Ithaca: Cornell University

Press, 1990). DS318.825 C51Cronin, Stephanie (ed.), Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: new

perspectives on the Iranian Left(London: Routledge, 2004). DS316.3 R33Enayat, Hamid, Modern Islamic Political Thought(Austin: University of Texas Press,

1982). [cc] BP173.7 E51Kazemi, Farhad, The Fada'iyan-e Islam: fanaticism, politics, and terror in Said Amir

Arjomand (ed.), From Nationalism to Revolutionary Islam (London: Macmillan,1984), pp. 158-76. DS62.4 F93

Matin-Asghari, Afshin, Iranian Student Opposition to the Shah (Costa Mesa: Mazda,2002). LA1353.7 M43

Moin, Baqer, Khomeini: the life of the Ayatollah (London: I.B. Tauris, 1999). [cc]DS318.84.K48 M65

Najmabadi, Afsaneh, Irans Turn to Islam: from modernism to moral order, Middle EastJournal,41/2 (1987), pp. 202-217. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Rahnema, Ali,An Islamic Utopian: a political biography of Ali Shari`ati(London: I. B.Tauris, 1998). BP80.S R14

Zabih, Sepehr, The Communist Movement in Iran (Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress, 1966). HX417 Z11

Zabih, Sepehr, The Left in Contemporary Iran: ideology, organisation and the Sovietconnection (London: Croom Helm, 1986). HX385.2.A6 Z11

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Week 2. The Iranian Revolution of 1978/79

(i) How did the shah and the Iranian military respond to the revolutionaryupheaval?

(ii) What role did class and economics play in the Iranian Revolution?

(iii) Was the Iranian revolution an Islamic revolution?

Required Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand, Structural Causes of the Iranian Revolution, MERIP Reports, 87(1980), pp. 21-26.Available electronically on Moodle

Arjomand, Said Amir, The Turban for the Crown: the Islamic revolution in Iran (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1988), Chapters 5-7. DS316.6 A71 & availableas an e-book on Moodle

Halliday, Fred, The Genesis of the Iranian Revolution, Third World Quarterly, 1/4(1979), pp. 1-16. Available electronically on Moodle

Kazemi, Farhad, Models of Iranian Politics: the road to the Islamic revolution, and the

challenge of civil society, World Politics,47/4 (1995), pp. 555-574. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Milani, Mohsen, The Making of Irans Islamic Revolution: from monarchy to IslamicRepublic, Second Edition(Boulder: Westview Press, 1994), Chapter 6. [cc]DS318 M63 & available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Amuzegar, Jahangir. The Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution: the Pahlavis triumph andtragedy(Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991). DS316.32 A52

Ashraf, Ahmad and Ali Banuazizi, The state, classes and modes of mobilization in theIranian Revolution, State, Culture and Society,1/3 (1983), pp. 3-39. Available

electronically on MoodleFischer, Michael M. J., Iran: from religious dispute to revolution (Madison: University of

Wisconsin Press, 2003). [cc] BP192.7.I68 F52Katouzian, Homa, The Iranian Revolution at 30: The Dialectic of State and Society,

Middle East Critique, 19/1 (2010), pp. 35-53. Available electronically onMoodle

Katouzian, Homa, The Political Economy of Modern Iran: despotism and pseudo-modernism, 1926-1979 (London: Macmillan, 1981). [cc] DS318 K11

Kazemi, Farhad, Poverty and Revolution in Iran (New York: New York University Press,1980). HB2096.4 K21

Kurzman, Charles, The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran (Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress, 2004). DS318.8 K91

Looney, Robert, Economic Origins of the Iranian Revolution (New York: PergamomPress, 1982). HC475 L86

Mazaheri, Nimah, State Repression in the Iranian Bazaar, 1975-1977: the anti-profiteering campaign and an impending revolution, Iranian Studies, 39/3 (2006),pp. 401-414. Available electronically on Moodle

Moaddel, Mansoor, Class, Politics, and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution (New York:Columbia University Press, 1993). [cc] DS318.81 M28

Moin, Baqer, Khomeini: the life of the Ayatollah (London: I.B. Tauris, 1999). [cc]DS318.84.K48 M65

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Mottahedeh, Roy P., The Mantle of the Prophet: religion and politics in Iran (London:Chatto and Windus, 1986). [cc] DS266 M92

Nikazmerad, Nicholas M., A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution, IranianStudies, 13/1 (1980), pp. 327-368. Available electronically on Moodle

Parsa, Misagh, Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution (New Brunswick, NJ: RutgersUniversity Press, 1989). [cc] DS316.6 P26

Zonis, Marvin, Majestic Failure: the fall of the Shah (Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, 1991). DS318 Z81

Week 3. The Western Intelligence Failure in Iran

(i) Was there an American intelligence failure in Iran? If so, why?(ii) Was there a British intelligence failure in Iran? If so, why?(iii) At what point did the Carter administration begin to think the unthinkable?(iv) Did the Carter administration hasten the fall of the Shah?(v) Was the Tehran hostage crisis a consequence of the American intelligence

failure in Iran?

Required Reading:

Bill, James A., The Eagle and the Lion: the tragedy of American-Iranian relations (NewHaven: Yale University Press, 1988), Chapter 7. E183.8.I6 B59 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Browne, N. W., British Policy in Iran, 1974-1978, UK Foreign and CommonwealthOffice, 1979. Available electronically on Moodle

Cottam, Richard, Goodbye to Americas Shah, Foreign Policy, 34 (1979), pp. 3-14.Available electronically on Moodle

Daugherty, William J., Behind the Intelligence Failure in Iran, International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence, 14/4 (2001), pp. 449-484. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Bakhash, Shaul, The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic revolution (London: I.B. Tauris, 1985). [cc] DS318.8 B18

Bani-Sadr, Abol Hassan, My Turn to Speak: Iran, the revolution & secret deals with theUS (Washington: Brasseys, 1991). DS318.85 B21

Bill, James A., The American Analysis of Iranian Politics, Iranian Studies, 10/3 (1977),pp. 164-195. Available electronically on Moodle

Bowden, Mark, Guests of the Ayatollahs: the first battle in Americas war with militantIslam (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2006). E183.8.I55 B78

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, Power and Principle: memoirs of the national security advisor

1977-1981 (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983). E872 B91Carter, Jimmy, Keeping the Faith: memoirs of a president(New York: Bantam Books,

1982). [cc] E873 C32Christopher , Warren, et. al.,American Hostages in Iran: the conduct of a crisis (New

Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), Chapter 1. E183.8.I55 A51Chubin, Shahram, Soviet Policy towards Iran and the Gulf, Adelphi Papers 157 (London:

International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1980). DK274 C55Ebtekar, Massoumeh, Takeover in Tehran: the inside story of the U.S. embassy capture

(Burnaby: Talonbooks, 2000). E183.8.I7 E11

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Farber, David R., Taken Hostage: the Iran hostage crisis and Americas first encounterwith radical Islam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005). E183.8.I55 F21

Houghton, David P., U.S. Foreign Policy and the Iran Hostage Crisis (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2001), Chapter 3. E183.8.I55 H83

Huyser, Robert E., Mission to Tehran (London: Deutsch, 1986). DS318.8 H98Jervis, Robert, Analysis of NFACs Performance On Irans Domestic Crisis, Mid -1977

7 November 1978, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 15 June 1979. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Jervis, Robert, Why Intelligence Fails: lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the IraqWar(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010). JK468.I6 J51 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Parsons, Anthony, The Pride and the Fall: Iran 1974-1979 (London: Cape, 1984).DS318 P27

Sick, Gary,All Fall Down: Americas fateful encounter in Iran (London: Tauris, 1985).[cc] E185.8.I55 S56

Sullivan, William, Mission to Iran (New York: Norton, 1981). DS318 S95Vance, Cyrus, Hard Choices: critical years in Americas foreign policy(New York: Simon

and Schuster, 1983). E872 V22

Week 4. Khomeini and the Islamic Republic

(i) What were the main counter-revolutionary threats to the newborn IslamicRepublic? How did Khomeini deal with them?

(ii) What were the major debates concerning the constitution of the IslamicRepublic?

(iii) What role did the Tudeh Party play in the consolidation of clerical rule?(iv) How can we account for the failure of the Bazargan government?

Required Reading:

Akhavi, Shahrough, Elite Factionalism in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Middle EastJournal, 41/2 (1987), pp. 181-201. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Gasiorowski, Mark J., The Nuzhih Plot and Iranian Politics, International Journal ofMiddle East Studies, 34/4 (2002), pp. 645-666. Available electronically onMoodle


Milani, Mohsen, Harvest of Shame: Tudeh and the Bazargan Government, MiddleEastern Studies, 29/2 (1993), pp. 307-320. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Saffari, Said, The Legitimation of the Clergys Right to Rule in the Iranian Constitution of

1979, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 20/1 (1993), pp. 64-82.Available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand,A History of Modern Iran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2008), Chapter 6. [cc] DS316.3 A15 & available as an e-book on Moodle.

Abrahamian, Ervand, Tortured Confessions: prisons and public recantations in modernIran (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999). HV8599 .I7 A45

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Arjomand, Said Amir, The Turban for the Crown: the Islamic revolution in Iran (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1988), Chapter 8. DS316.6 A71 & available asan e-book on Moodle

Ashraf, Ahmad, Theocracy and Charisma: new men of power in Iran, InternationalJournal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 4/1 (1990), pp. 113-152. PeriodicalsCollection, HM1

Bakhash, Shaul, The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic revolution (London: I.B. Tauris, 1985). [cc] DS318.8 B18

Barzin, Saeed, Constitutionalism and Democracy in the Religious Ideology of MehdiBazargan, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies,21/1 (1994), pp. 85-101.Available electronically on Moodle

Behrooz, Maziar, Factionalism in Iran under Khomeini, Middle Eastern Studies, 27/4(1991), pp. 597-614. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronicallyon Moodle

Chehabi, H. E., Religion and Politics in Iran: How Theocratic is the Islamic Republic?,Daedalus, 120/3 (1991), pp. 69-91. Available electronically on Moodle

Keddie, Nikki R., and Eric Hooglund (eds.), The Iranian Revolution and the IslamicRepublic, New Edition (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986). DS318.8

I61Martin, Vanessa, Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the making of a new Iran,

Second Edition (London: I.B. Tauris, 2003). DS313 M38Milani, Mohsen, The Making of Irans Islamic Revolution: from monarchy to Islamic

Republic, Second Edition(Boulder: Westview Press, 1994). [cc] DS318 M63Moin, Baqer, Khomeini: the life of the Ayatollah (London: I.B. Tauris, 1999). [cc]

DS318.84.K48 M65Schirazi, Asghar, The Constitution of Iran: politics and the state in the Islamic Republic,

John OKane (trans.) (London: I. B. Tauris, 1997). [cc] DS318.8 S33

Week 5. The Islamic Republic at War, 1980-1988

(i) What were Irans war aims? How did they change during the course of thewar?

(ii) What was the United States role in the Iran-Iraq War?(iii) How revolutionary was the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic in the

1980s?(iv) Why did Iran accept peace with Iraq in 1988?

Required Reading:

Chehabi, Houchang, Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the last 500 years (London:I. B. Tauris, 2006), Chapter 9. DS274.2.L4 C51 & available electronically onMoodle.

Chubin, Shahram, The Last Phase of the Iran-Iraq War: from stalemate to ceasefire,Third World Quarterly, 11/1 (1989), pp. 1-14. Available electronically onMoodle

Gieling, Saskia, Religion and War in Revolutionary Iran (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999),Chapter 6. [cc] BP63.I68 G45 & & available electronically on Moodle.

Hooglund, Eric, The Islamic Republic at War and Peace, Middle East Report, 156(1989), pp. 4-12. Available electronically on Moodle

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Parsi, Trita, Treacherous Alliance: the secret dealings of Israel, Iran, and the U.S. (NewHaven: Yale University Press, 2007), Chapters 8-12, pp. 79-109. [cc] DS274.2.I75P26 & available as an e-book on Moodle.

Additional Reading:

Ajami, Fouad, Iran: the impossible revolution, Foreign Affairs,67/2 (1988), pp. 135-155.Available electronically on Moodle

de Bellaigue, Christopher, In the Rose Garden of the Martyrs: a memoir of Iran (London:HarperCollins, 2004). DS259.2 D28

Chubin, Shahram and Charles Tripp, Iran and Iraq at War(London: I. B. Tauris, 1988).[cc] DS318.8 C55

Cordesman, Anthony H., The Iran-Iraq War and Western Security, 1984-1987: strategicimplications and policy options(London: Janes, 1987). DS318.8 C79

Esposito, John L. (ed.), The Iranian Revolution: its global impact(Miami: FloridaInternational University Press, 1990). [cc] DS35.74.I7 I61

Gause, F. Gregory, Iraqs Decisions to Go to War, 1980 and 1990, Middle East Journal,56/1 (2002), pp. 47-70. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available

electronically on Moodle.Hickman, William F., Ravaged and Reborn: the Iranian army, 1982(Washington:

Brookings Institution, 1982). Pamphlet Collection, UA853.I67 H62Hiro, Dilip, The Longest War: the Iran-Iraq military conflict(London: Grafton, 1990). [cc]

DS318.85 H66Hume, Cameron R., The United Nations, Iran, and Iraq: how peacemaking changed

(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994). JX1977.2.I7 U92Hunter, Shireen T., Iran and the World: continuity in a revolutionary decade

(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990). DS318.83 H94Karsh, Ephraim, The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988(Oxford: Osprey, 2002). DS318.85 K11Katzman, Kenneth, Warriors of Islam: Irans Revolutionary Guard(Boulder: Westview

Press, 1992). UA853.I7 K11

Keddie, Nikki R. and Mark J. Gasiorowski (eds.), Neither East nor West: Iran, the SovietUnion and the United States (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990),Chapters 5, 8, and 10. JX1391 B52

Khadduri, Majid. The Gulf War: the origins and implications of the Iraq-Iran conflict(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988). DS318.85 K41

Kornbluh, Peter and Malcolm Byrne (eds.), The Iran-Contra Scandal: the declassifiedhistory(New York: The New Press, 1993). E876 I61& access the relatedwebsite on Moodle.

Kuzichkin, Vladimir, Inside the KGB: myth and reality(London: Deutsch, 1990). HV8224K91

McNaugher, Thomas L., Ballistic Missiles and Chemical Weapons: the legacy of theIran-Iraq War, International Security, 15/2 (1990), 5-34. Available

electronically on MoodleParker, John W., Persian Dreams: Moscow and Tehran since the fall of the Shah

(Washington: Potomac Books, 2009), Chapters 1-2. DK68.7.I7 P24Parsons, Anthony, Iran and Western Europe, Middle East Journal, 43/2 (1989), pp.

218-229.Potter, Lawrence G., and Gary Sick (eds.), Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War

(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). DS318.85 I61Rajaee, Farhang (ed.), Iranian Perspectives on the Iran-Iraq War(Gainseville: University

Press of Florida, 1997). DS318 I61

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Ramazani, Rouhollah K., Iran's foreign policy: contending orientations, Middle EastJournal,43/2 (1989), pp. 202-217. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Rosen, Barry M. (ed.), Iran since the Revolution: internal dynamics, regional conflict, andthe superpowers (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985). DS318.8 I61

Sick, Gary, Trial By Error: Reflections on the Iran-Iraq War, Middle East Journal, 43/2

(1989), pp. 230-245. Available electronically on Moodle.Ward, Steven R., Immortal: a military history of Iran and its armed forces (Washington:

Georgetown University Press, 2009). DS273.3 W26Yodfat, Aryeh J., The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Iran (London: Croom Helm, 1984).

DK68.7.I55 Y61Zabih, Sepehr, The Iranian Military in Revolution and War(London: Routledge, 1988).

DS318.8 Z11

See also the collection of declassified American documents on the Iran-Iraq War puttogether by the Woodrow Wilson Centres Cold War International History Project(CWIHP), entitled The Origins, Conduct, and Impact of the Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988.Available electronically on Moodle.

Week 6. The Islamic Republic at Peace, 1989-1997

(i) Did Rafsanjanis presidency mark a second republic?(ii) How revolutionary was Irans foreign policy in the 1990s?(iii) Assess the United States response to Rafsanjanis dtente efforts.

Required Reading:

Karshenas, Massoud and M. Hashem Pesaran, Economic Reform and theReconstruction of the Iranian Economy, Middle East Journal, 49/1 (1995), pp.89-111. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle


Milani, Mohsen, The Evolution of the Iranian Presidency: From Bani Sadr to Rafsanjani,British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 20/1 (1993), pp. 83-97. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Parsi, Trita, Treacherous Alliance: the secret dealings of Israel, Iran, and the U.S. (NewHaven: Yale University Press, 2007), Chapters 13-16, pp. 139-201. [cc]DS274.2.I75 P26 & available as an e-book on Moodle.

Additional Reading:

Afrasiabi, Kaveh,After Khomeini: new directions in Irans foreign policy(Boulder:

Westview, 1994). DS318.83 A25Amuzegar, Jahangir, Adjusting to Sanctions, Foreign Affairs, 76/3 (1997), pp. 31-41.

Available electronically on MoodleAmuzegar, Jamshid, Irans Economy under the Islamic Republic(London: I. B. Tauris,

1993). HC473 A52Baktiari, Bahman, Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: the institutionalization of

factional politics (Gainseville: University Press of Florida, 1996), Chapters 5-6.JQ1787.7 B16

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Chehabi, Houchang, Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the last 500 years (London:I. B. Tauris, 2006). DS274.2.L4 C51

Chubin, Shahram, and Charles Tripp, Iran-Saudi Arabia Relations and Regional Order,Adelphi Papers 304 (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the InternationalInstitute for Strategic Studies, 1996). DS228.I7 C55

Ehteshami, Anoushiravan,After Khomeini: the Iranian second republic(London:

Routledge, 1995), Chapters 2-7. [cc] DS318.825 E31 & available as an e-bookon Moodle

Gheissary, Ali and Vali Nasr, Democracy in Iran: history and the quest for liberty (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2006), Chapter 4. [cc] DS316.6 G41 & availableas an e-book on Moodle

Halliday, Fred, An Elusive Normalization: Western Europe and the Iranian Revolution,Middle East Journal, 48/2 (1994), pp. 309-326. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Hashim, Ahmed, The Crisis of the Iranian State: domestic, foreign, and security policiesin post-Khomeini Iran (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1995).DS318.8 H34

Hunter, Shireen, Iran after Khomeini(New York: Praeger, 1992). DS318.8 H94

Maloney, Suzanne, Agents or Obstacles? Parastatal Foundations and the Challengesfor Iranian Development in Parvin Alizadeh (ed.), The Economy of Iran:Dilemmas of an Islamic State (London: I. B. Tauris, 2001), pp. 145-176. HC475E11

Moslem, Mehdi, Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran (Syracuse: Syracuse UniversityPress, 2002), Chapters 4-5. [cc] DS318.825 M91

Ramazani, Rouhollah K., Address by Ali Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani, President of theIslamic Republic of Iran, Middle East Journal, 44/3 (1990), pp. 458-466.Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Sadjadpour, Karim, Reading Khamenei: the world view of Irans most powerful leader(Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2008). Availableelectronically on Moodle

Sarabi, Farzin, The Post-Khomeini Era in Iran: the elections of the fourth Islamic Majlis,Middle East Journal, 48/1 (1994), pp. 89-107. Periodicals Collection, DS41 &available electronically on Moodle

Siavoshi, Sussan, Factionalism and Iranian Politics: the post-Khomeini experience,Iranian Studies, 25/3 (1992), pp. 27-49. Available electronically on Moodle

Vakili-Zad, Cyrus, Conflict Among the Ruling Revolutionary Elite in Iran, Middle EasternStudies, 30/3 (1994), pp. 618-631. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Week 7. The Reform Movement 1997-2005

(i) Who are Irans reformist politicians and intellectuals and what ideas underpin

their vision for the Islamic Republic?(ii) After their election to office, what attempts did the reformists make at social

and political reform?(iii) Was the failure of the reform movement one of strategy, or ideology?

Required Reading:

Arjomand, Said Amir, The Rise and Fall of President Khatami and the ReformMovement in Iran, Constellations, 12/4 (2005), pp. 502-520. Available

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electronically on MoodleKamrava, Mehran, Irans Intellectual Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 2008), Chapter 5. Available as an e-book on MoodleMoslem, Mehdi, Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran (Syracuse: Syracuse University

Press, 2002), Chapter 6. [cc] DS318.825 M91 & available electronically onMoodle

Tazmini, Ghoncheh, Khatamis Iran: the Islamic Republic and the turbulent path toreform (London: I. B. Tauris, 2009). Chapters 1, 3, 4, and 6. [cc] DS318.9 T19 &available as an e-book on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Amuzegar, Jahangir, Khatamis Legacy: Dashed Hopes, Middle East Journal, 60/1(2006), pp. 57-74. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically onMoodle

Arjomand, Said Amir, The Reform Movement and the Debate on Modernity andTradition in Contemporary Iran, International Journal of Middle East Studies,34/4 (2002), pp. 719-31. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available

electronically on Moodlede Bellaigue, Christopher, The Struggle for Iran (New York: New York Review Books,

2007). DS318.9 D27Brumberg, Daniel, Reinventing Khomeini: the struggle for reform in Iran (Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 2001). DS318.8.B89Buchta, Wilfried, Who Rules Iran? : the structure of power in the Islamic Republic

(Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2000), Chapter 3.[cc] DS318.9 B92 & available electronically on Moodle

Chubin, Shahram, Whither Iran? : reform, domestic politics and national security(London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2002). PamphletCollection, COLL. P 13496

Gheissary, Ali and Vali Nasr, Democracy in Iran: history and the quest for liberty (New

York: Oxford University Press, 2006), Chapter 5. [cc] DS316.6 G41 & availableas an e-book on Moodle

Holliday, Shabnam, Khatamis Islamist-Iranian Discourse of National Identity: adiscourse of resistance, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 37/1 (2010),pp.1-13.

Mashayekhi, Mehrdad, The Revival of the Student Movement in Post-RevolutionaryIran, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 15/2 (2001), pp. 283-313. Available electronically on Moodle

Matin-Asgari, Afshin, Abdolkarim Sorush and the Secularization of Islamic Thought inIran, Iranian Studies, 30/1 (1997), pp. 95-115. Available electronically onMoodle

Matsunaga, Yasayuki, Mohsen Kadivar: An Advocate of Postrevivalist Islam in Iran,

British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 34/3 (2007), pp. 317-29.Availableelectronically on Moodle

Merat, Zarir, Pushing Back the Limits of the Possible: the press in Iran, Middle EastReport, 212 (1999), 32-35. Available electronically on Moodle

Mir-Hosseini, Ziba, The Conservative-Reformist Conflict over Womens Rights in Iran,International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 16/1 (2002), pp. 37-53.Available electronically on Moodle

Samii, A. William, Irans Guardian Council as an Obstacle to Democracy, Middle EastJournal, 55/4 (2001), pp. 643-662. Periodicals Collection, DS41

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Shakibi, Zhand, Khatami and Gorbachev: politics of change in the Islamic Republic ofIran and the USSR(London: I. B. Tauris, 2009). [cc] DK68.7.I7 S52

Vahdat, Farzin, Religious Modernity in Iran: Dilemmas of Islamic Democracy in theDiscourse of Mohammad Khatami, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, andthe Middle East, 25/3 (2005), pp. 650-64. Available electronically on Moodle

Week 8. Khatamis Dtente with the United States

(i) Why did Khatami seek dtente with the United States? How did he hope toachieve it?

(ii) Why did the Clinton-Khatami dtente fail?(iii) What was the impact of September 11 on US-Iran relations?

Required Reading:

Ansari, Ali M., Iran and the US in the Shadow of 9/11: Persia and the Persian questionrevisited, Iranian Studies, 39/2 (2006), pp. 155-170. Available electronicallyon Moodle

Parsi, Trita, Treacherous Alliance: the secret dealings of Israel, Iran, and the UnitedStates (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), Chapters 17-19. DS274.2.I75P26 & available as an e-book on Moodle

Tazmini, Ghoncheh, Khatamis Iran: the Islamic Republic and the turbulent path toreform (London: I. B. Tauris, 2009). Chapter 5. [cc] DS318.9 T19. Alsoavailable as an e-book on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Ansari, Ali M., Confronting Iran: the failure of American foreign policy and the next greatcrisis in the Middle East(London: Hurst & Company, 2006). E183.8.I55 A61

Dobbins, James, Negotiating with Iran: Reflections from Personal Experience, The

Washington Quarterly, 33/1 (2010), pp. 149-162. Available electronically onMoodle

Hoogland, Eric, Mythology Versus Reality: Irans political economy and the Clintonadministration, Middle East Critique, 6/11 (1997), pp. 37-51. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Lake, Anthony, Confronting Backlash State, Foreign Affairs, 73/2 (1994), pp. 45-55.Available electronically on Moodle

Pollack. Kenneth, The Persian Puzzle: the conflict between Iran and America (New York:Random House, 2004). E183.8.I55 P77

Ramazani, Rouhollah K., The shifting premise of Irans foreign policy: towards ademocratic peace?, Middle East Journal,52/2 (1998), pp. 177-188. PeriodicalsCollection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Ray Takeyh, Guardians of the Revolution: Iran and the world in the age of the ayatollahs(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009). DS318.83 T13

Riedel, Bruce, America and Iran: flawed analysis, missed opportunities, and loomingdangers, Brown Journal of World Affairs, 15/1 (2008), pp. 101-111. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Slavin, Barbara, Bitter Friends, Bosom Enemies: Iran, the U.S., and the path toconfrontation (New York: St. Martins Press, 2007). E183.8.I55 S63

Talwar, Puneet, Iran in the Balance, Foreign Affairs, 80/4 (2001), pp. 58-71. Availableelectronically on Moodle

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Week 9. Irans Conservative Revival

(i) Who are Irans Conservative politicians and intellectuals and what ideasunderpin their vision for the Islamic Republic?

(ii) Why did Ahmadinejad win the 2005 presidential elections?

(iii) Does the conservative revival represent a return to the values of the 1979Iranian Revolution?

Required Reading:

Ahouie, Mahdi, Iranian Anti-Zionism and the Holocaust, Radical History Review, 105(2009), pp. 58-78. Available electronically on Moodle

Alamdari, Kazem, The Power Structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran: transition frompopulism to clientelism, and militarization of the government, Third WorldQuarterly, 26/8 (2005), pp. 1285-1301. Available electronically on Moodle

de Bellaigue, Christopher, The Struggle for Iran (New York: New York Review Books,2007), Chapter 8. DS318.9 D27 & available electronically on Moodle

Kamrava, Mehran, Irans Intellectual Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 2008), Chapter 4. Available as an e-book on Moodle

Gheissari, Ali and Vali Nasr, The Conservative Consolidation in Iran, Survival, 47/2(2005), pp. 175-190. Available electronically on Moodle

Samii, A. William, Dissent in Iranian Elections: reasons and implication, Middle EastJournal, 58/3 (2004), pp. 403-423. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Ansari, Ali M., Iran under Ahmadinejad: the politics of confrontation (London:International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2007), Chapter 2. DS318.9 A61

Ehteshami, Anoushiravan and Mahjoob Zweiri, Iran and the Rise of itsNeoconservatives: the politics of Tehrans silent revolution (London: I. B. Tauris,2007). [cc] DS318.825 E31

Gheissari, Ali and Kave-Cyrus Sanandaji, New Conservative Politics and ElectoralBehavior in Iran in Ali Gheissari (ed.), Contemporary Iran: economy, society,

politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), Chapter 9. [cc] HN670.2.A8C76 & available as an e-book on Moodle

Kamrava, Mehran, Iranian National-Security Debates: factionalism and lostopportunities, Middle East Policy, 14/2 (2007), pp. 84-100. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Khiabany, Gholam and Annabelle Sreberny, The Politics of/in Blogging in Iran,Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27/3 (2007), pp.

563-579. Available electronically on MoodleHen-Tov, Elliot, Understanding Irans New Authoritarianism, The Washington Quarterly,

30/1 (2006), pp. 163-179. Available electronically on MoodleMohammadi, Majid, Iranian University Students Politics in the Post-Reform Movement

Era: a discourse analysis, Iranian Studies, 40/5 (2007), pp. 623-34. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Nasr, Vali, The Conservative Wave Rolls On, Journal of Democracy, 16/4 (2005), pp. 9-22. Available electronically on Moodle

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Semati, Mehdi (ed.), Media, Culture and Society in Iran: living with globalization and theIslamic state (Abingdon: Routledge, 2008). HN670.2.Z9 M49

Sreberny, Annabelle and Gholam Khiabany, Becoming Intellectual: the blogestan andpublic political space in the Islamic Republic, British Journal of Middle EasternStudies, 34/3 (2007), pp. 267-86. Available electronically on Moodle

Takeyh, Ray, Guardians of the Revolution: Iran and the world in the age of the

ayatollahs (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), Chapter 10. DS318.83 T13Wehrey, Frederic, et. al., The Rise of the Pasdaran: assessing the domestic roles of

Irans Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (Arlington: RAND Corporation, 2009),Chapters 3, 5 and 6. Available electronically on Moodle

Week 10. The Historiography of Modern Iran

(i) What are the major debates and controversies in Qajar and Pahlavihistoriography?

(ii) What are the major debates and controversies in the historiography of theIslamic Republic?

(iii) Are there any recurring patterns in the history of modern Iran?

Required Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand, Khomeinism: essays on the Islamic Republic(London: I. B. Tauris,1993), Chapter 4. Available electronically on Moodle

Amanat, Abbas, Historiography, viii. Qajar Period, ix. PahlaviPeriod, EncyclopediaIranica Online, 2009. Available electronically on Moodle

Atabaki, Touraj (ed.), Iran in the 20th Century: historiography and political culture(London: I. B. Tauris, 2009). Chapters 2 and 9. [cc] DS316.25 I61 & availableas an e-book on Moodle

Katouzian, Homa, Arbitrary Rule: a comparative theory of state, politics and society inIran, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 24/1 (1997), pp. 49-73.

Available electronically on MoodleKatouzian, Homa, The Short-Term Society: a study in the problems of long-term political

and economic development in Iran, Middle Eastern Studies, 40/1 (2004), pp. 1-22. Available electronically on Moodle

Additional Reading:

Abrahamian, Ervand, Kasravi: The Integrative Nationalist of Iran, Middle EasternStudies, 9/3 (1973), pp. 271-95. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & availableelectronically on Moodle

Adamiyat, Fereydoun, and Thomas M. Ricks (trans.), Problems in IranianHistoriography, Iranian Studies, 4/4 (1971), pp. 132-156. Available

electronically on MoodleAfshari, M. Reza, The Historians of the Constitutional Movement and the Making of the

Iranian Populist Tradition, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 25/3(1993), pp. 477-94. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronicallyon Moodle

Amanat, Abbas, The Study of History in Post-Revolutionary Iran: nostalgia, illusion, orHistorical Awareness?, Iranian Studies, 22/4 (1989), pp. 3-18. Availableelectronically on Moodle

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Ashraf, Ahmad, Conspiracy Theories, Encyclopedia Iranica Online, 2009. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Boroujerdi, Mehrzad, Contesting Nationalist Constructions of Iranian Identity, Critique:Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, 7/12 (1998), pp. 43-55. Availableelectronically on Moodle

Cronin, Stephanie, Writing the History of Modern Iran: a comment on approaches and

sources, Iran, 36 (1998), pp. 175-184. Available electronically on MoodleFarmayan, Hafez F., Observations on Sources for the Study of Nineteenth- and

Twentieth-Century Iranian History, International Journal of Middle East Studies,5/1 (1974), pp. 32-49. Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronicallyon Moodle

Gheissari, Ali, Truth and Method in Modern Iranian Historiography and Social Sciences,Middle East Critique, 4/6 (1995), pp. 39-56. Available electronically on Moodle

Katouzian, Homa, Iranian History and Politics: the dialectic of state and society(London:RoutledgeCurzon, 2002), Chapters 1-6. DS315 K11

Kurzman, Charles, Historiography ofthe Iranian Revolutionary Movement, 1977-79,Iranian Studies, 28/1 (1995), pp. 25-38. Available electronically on Moodle

Matin-Asgari, Afshin, The Intellectual Best-Sellers of Post-Revolutionary Iran: On

Backwardness, Elite-Killing, and Western Rationality, Iranian Studies, 37/1(2004), pp. 73-88. Available electronically on Moodle

Najmabadi, Afsaneh, The Gender of Modernity: reflections from Iranian historiography,in Gershoni, Israel, Hakan Erdem and Ursula Wokck, Histories of the ModernMiddle East: new directions (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002), Chapter5. DS61.6 H67

Najmabadi, Afsaneh, Is Our Name Remembered? Writing the history of Iranianconstitutionalism as if women and gender mattered, Iranian Studies, 29/1 (1996),pp. 85-109. Available electronically on Moodle

Rajaee, Farhang, Islam, nationalism and Musaddiqs era: post-revolutionaryhistoriography in Iran in James A. Bill and Wm. Roger Louis (eds.), Musaddiq,Iranian Nationalism, and Oil(London: I. B. Tauris, 1988), pp. 118-140. [cc]

DS316.32 M98Schayegh, Cyrus, Seeing Like a State: An Essay on the Historiography of Modern

Iran, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 42/1 (2010), pp. 37-61.Periodicals Collection, DS41 & available electronically on Moodle

Tavakoli-Targhi, Mohamad, Refashioning Iran: Orientalism, Occidentalism andNationalist Historiography(New York: Palgrave, 2001), Chapter 6. DS271.5 T23

SUMMER TERM

Week 1. Mock Exam

Week 2. Revision Class

Documents

HY440 2012-13 Reading List