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NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) operations and results from GRIP
PI: Timothy L. Miller, NASA/MSFC
Co-I’s:Linwood Jones, UCFChris Ruf, U MichEric Uhlhorn, NOAA/AOML
GRIP Science Team Meeting, 6 June 2011
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD Contributors
Lead Systems Engineer: Mark James, NASA/MSFCProject Coordinator: Courtney Buckley, NASA/MSFC/USRAAntenna design: M.C. BaileySystems engineering: David Simmons, UAHuntsvilleRF systems engineering: Roger DeRoo, U MichSoftware engineering: William Cleveland, UAHProject Initiator: Robbie Hood, NOAA (formerly NASA/MSFC)Level I data analysis: Sayak Biswas, Univ. Central FloridaMission ops: Lori Schultz (UAH), Brent Roberts (NASA/MSFC)Radiative transfer modeling: Salem El-Nimri, Ruba Amarin (both UCF)Presentation preparation: Cathy May, UCFEngineering consultation: James Johnson, UCFScience consultation: Peter Black, Robert Atlas, Cerese Albers, T. N. Krishnamurti
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD Capabilities
• Passive C-band microwave radiometer (4, 5, 6, 6.6 GHz) to measure wind speed and rain rate over ocean surface
• HIRAD flew on the WB-57 during GRIP and will fly on the Global Hawk as part of HS3
• HIRAD’s unique contribution: Measurement of rain rate and hurricane-strength winds, even through heavy rain
– Wind speed ~ 5 – 85 m/s– Rain rate ~ 0 – 100 mm/hr– Swath width ~3x altitude
• Operations: NHC desires better definition of max wind speed and location
• Science Hypothesis: Short-term forecasts of intensity and structure will be improved by assimilation of HIRAD data
Simulation
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD on the NASA WB-57
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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Hurricane Earl Best Track
HIRAD flight
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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Earl’s actual track was west of forecasts
This resulted in Earl being accessible from Tampa, although planning was a challenge!
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD flight
Hurricane Earl Max Wind Speed
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD TB Images at 4.0, 5.0 and 6.6 GHzalong Northbound Earl Overpass
4.0 GHz 5.0 GHz 6.6 GHz
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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WB-57/HIRAD flight over Earl (1 Sept 2010)
SFMR
SFMR
Storm-centric coordinate system
SFMR is the operational NOAA instrument. Tb is expected to agree only at the nadir point.
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8040
60
80
100
120
140
160
180WEST - 4&5 GHz
HIRAD Tb@ 4GHzHIRAD Tb@ 5GHzModel Tb@ 4GHzModel Tb@ 5GHz
SFMR Wind +50 (m/s)
SFMR Rain +50 (mm/hr)
HIRAD/SFMR West Leg Overpass
stop startSFMR Flt Dir
“Model” data are Tb’s computed from SFMR wind & rain fields
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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Karl Best Track
Storm location during HIRAD flights indicated by triangles
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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Hurricane Karl Max Wind Speeds
HIRAD flight
HIRAD flights
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD flights over Karl
Sept 16HIRAD 19:00 – 21:55
Sept 171745-2015 UTCStorm center indicated 18 Z
Sept 14Storm center indicated at 00 Z
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD flights over Karl
Sept 14 Sept 16Adjusted for storm motion
Sept 171745-2015 UTC
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD 5 GHz Tb on Flight Tracks for Karl
Storm-centric Longitude (deg)
Sto
rm-c
entri
c La
titud
e (d
eg)
Leg 8
Leg 10
Leg 6
Univ. of Central Florida
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD flight over Karl on 16 Sept
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
∆ Longitude(deg)
∆ L
attit
ude(
deg)
5GHz [Karl,09/16/2010]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
∆ Longitude(deg)
∆ L
attit
ude(
deg)
4GHz [Karl,09/16/2010]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
∆ Longitude(deg)
∆ L
attit
ude(
deg)
6.6GHz [Karl,09/16/2010]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
4 GHz
7 GHz
5 GHz
• Excess Tb removes the incidence angle variation
Univ. of Central Florida
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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HIRAD WS
HIRAD Rain SFMR Rain
SFMR WS
Bad retrievals, to be corrected after final Tb calibration
HIRAD and SFMR (analysis) Wind Speed & Rain Rate Comparisons
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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Karl Leg 6: WS & RR Time Series (HIRAD & SFMR)
100 200 300 400 500 600 7000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
SFMRHIRAD
100 200 300 400 500 600 7000
10
20
30
40
50
60
SFMRHIRAD
Rain Rate, mm/hr Wind Speed, m/s
eye
eye
Univ. of Central Florida
NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
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Summary
• The WB-57, with HIRAD aboard, flew once over Earl and 3 times over Karl during GRIP
• The Earl flight and the 16 Sept Karl flight look to be the most likely to provide important contributions to the GRIP mission dataset
– These two flights have priority in data processing and analysis– High-res wind speed and rain rate images provide snapshot of the complete
inner core in a single aircraft pass (Leg 10 of Karl, 16 Sept)
• Continuing to develop data processing methodology to establish and maintain calibration in all channels and sub-bands
– See poster by Ruf et al.
• Meanwhile, we have developed a methodology for calibrating HIRAD Tb’s against SFMR, and we are producing wind speed and rain rate retrievals that show consistency with SFMR, but with value-added details
– See poster by Jones et al.
• Targeting release of Tb and wind/rain data for Earl and 16 Sept Karl on Aug 1