Human Reproductive Systems

Male Reproductive System

• Testes: male gonads– Form male gametes (sperm) in ________________________

• Scrotum: sac that holds testes outside of body cavity– Sperm develop optimally ____________________________

____________________________________.

• Epididymus: _______________________ to mature

• Penis: – fleshy tube with ____________

allowing to internal fertilization

• Vas Deferens: – carries sperm __________________________ during ejaculation

• Semen: – transport medium for sperm– Made up nutrient fluid to

nourish and protect sperm in female reproductive tract

• Urethra: – tube where semen exits penis – Shares same structure with

_____________________

• Vasectomy: – _______________________,

preventing sperm from leaving the body

• Testosterone: – produced by _____________– plays a role in development of

male secondary sex characteristics

• FSH and LH: – secreted by ______________– help in growth and

development of sperm in testes

Female Reproductive System• Ovaries: female gonads

– Produce eggs – Secrete _______________– Each contains about 200,000

tiny egg sacs called __________– One egg is released each month

during ____________________

– Estrogen: • causes development of female

secondary sexual characteristics• Breast development, broadened

pelvis, distribution of body fat

• Fallopian Tubes or Oviducts: – near each ovary but not directly

connected to it – ____________line tube and create

current that draws the released egg towards uterus

– Where egg is __________________

• Uterus: – thick walled muscular organ where a

fertilized egg will implant and grow

• Cervix:– narrow _____________________

• Vagina: – ____________________, site where

sperm is deposited

• Note: Urinary and reproductive tracts are separate in females

Menstrual Cycle

• Basic Steps of Cycle:– Egg matures and erupts from its follicle entering fallopian tube. – Wall of the uterus has __________________ with a rich supply of

blood vessels (endometrial lining) and is prepared to receive a fertilized egg

– If egg not fertilized, lining breaks down and passes from the body as menstrual fluid and cycle begins again

Series of hormonally controlled changes that occur to the ovary and uterine lining

Stages of Menstrual Cycle• Controlled by _____________________________

– Brain (FSH & LH) and ovary (estrogen & progesterone)

• Follicle Stage (10-14 days)– _____________________ follicle

stimulating hormone (FSH) causing follicle in ovary to mature

– ____________ gets secreted by follicle in ovary as it develops, causing uterine lining to thicken

• Ovulation (middle of cycle)– Increased estrogen causes

pituitary to lower FSH and begin secreting _______________ (LH)

– When this reaches certain level ovulation occurs and __________________________ releasing egg

– Egg must be fertilized in about 24 hours or it dies

• Corpus Luteum Stage (10-14 days)– Ruptured follicle forms corpus luteum (yellow body) which

secretes ______________________– Progesterone maintains the _________________________

• Menstruation (3-5 days)– If fertilization doesn’t happen, LH secretion decreases,

corpus luteum breaks down and ________________drops– Uterine lining is no longer maintained and ______________

and is released as ____________________

Menopause: the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle

Human Fertilization & Development• Fertilization: (Internal)

– ejaculation of _________________________ into vagina– sperm swim through cervix into uterus and into Fallopian tube where

fertilization takes place– one sperm breaks through membrane surrounding egg and fuses with

egg nucleus forming ___________________

• Gestation: the period of development ____________________

In Vitro FertilizationEgg is fertilized with sperm _______________ then placed into uterus several days later where it can implant

Embryo Development

• In Fallopian Tube: – fertilization occurs– ____________ occurs – ________ and ________ stage

is reached

• In Uterus– ______________ occurs– embryo attaches itself to the

lining of uterus – _______________ and

__________________occur– Forms 3 layers from which

different tissues develop

http://www.dnatube.com/video/1127/Human-Reproduction-Fertilization-and-Fetal-Development

• Ectopic Pregnancy – Sometimes the embryo implants someplace other

than uterus (in oviduct or even in the abdomen). This often results in the death of the embryo and or the mother.

Multiple Embryos

• Fraternal Twins: – fertilization __________________

• Identical Twins: – __________________ and splits into two separate embryos– Conjoined Twins: when identical twins don’t separate

completely

Protecting & Nourishing Embryo• Chorion:

– forms small fingerlike projections called _______________ that extend into uterine lining

• Placenta: – uterine lining and chorionic villi come

together – villi constantly bathed in ______________– exchange of nutrients, oxygen and wastes

takes place here

• Umbilical Cord: – rope like structure connects developing

fetus to placenta

• Amnion: – membrane sack surrounding fetus – filled with ___________________– protects fetus from shock

• Amniocentesis: – testing amniotic fluid for chromosomal and

developmental disorders

Labor & Birth• Labor:

– uterine muscles _________– opening to cervix gets larger

• Eventually amniotic sac bursts open and baby passes through birth canal

• Shortly after the ________ or “afterbirth” is expelled

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgZ5z6RB06c&safe=active

• Nova: The Miracle of Life• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wou1Udu_vr8

&safe=active• Nova: Life’s Greatest Miracle• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swYuEkzTkV0

&safe=active

• Excellent for extra credit!! • And both are related to your test!!