Embed Size (px)
Human Organ Systems
Organ Systems
• Nervous• Circulatory• Lymphatic• Respiratory• Digestive• Urinary• Reproductive• Endocrine
Nervous System
• Functions:– Senses changes in the environment and
coordinates appropriate responses.– Controls body functions.
Nervous System
• Components:– Central Nervous System (CNS)• Brain• Spinal cord
– Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)• Nerves connect body to CNS.
Nervous System
Central Nervous System• Brain:– Receives and processes information from sensory
receptors.– Causes a specific response
in the body.– Allows us to learn, hold
onto memories, reason, maintain balance, etc.
Nervous System
Central Nervous System• Spinal Cord:– Responsible for reflexes.– Very fast; occurs
without conscious thought.
Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System• Controls skeletal muscles.• Carries information from the
sensory organs to brain.• Controls involuntary actions such
as breathing, heart rate and digestion.
Circulatory System
• Functions:– Transports nutrients and oxygen to
the body cells.– Remove wastes and carbon dioxide
from the cells.
Circulatory System
• Components:– Heart– Blood Vessels– Blood
Circulatory System
Heart:• Cardiac muscle tissue causes the heart to contract
as one unit.• Epithelial tissue lines the inside and outside of the
heart to protect it from friction.
Circulatory System
Blood Vessels:• Arteries:– Carry blood away from heart.
• Veins :– Carry blood toward heart.
• Capillaries: – Surround each body cell.– Allows oxygen and nutrients to enter cells.
Circulatory System
Circulatory System
Blood:• Red blood cells:
– Transports oxygen to cells.
• White blood cells:– Recognize and destroy foreign microbes.
• Platelets:– Cell fragments involved with blood clotting.
• Plasma:– Protein-rich liquid that carries blood cells.
Lymphatic System
Functions:• To defend against
disease.• Works with the immune
system.
Lymphatic System
Components:• Lymph vessels• Lymph fluid• Lymph nodes
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic Vessels• Runs alongside blood vessels.• Transports lymph (fluid with white blood
cells).
Lymphatic System
Lymph Nodes• Congregation of white blood cells.• Filters lymph and destroys
microbes.
Respiratory System
• Functions:– Provides oxygen needed
by the body.– Removes carbon dioxide
from the body.
Respiratory System
• Components:– Mouth and nose– Trachea– Lungs– Diaphragm
Respiratory System
Trachea:• Air from mouth and nose pass
through trachea.• Cartilaginous rings keep it open.• Lined with ciliated epithelium.– Cilia ‘beat’ to move mucus and
foreign debris away from lungs.
Respiratory System
Lungs:• Non-muscular organ filled with alveoli.• Alveoli are small air sacs surrounded by capillaries.
Respiratory System
Diaphragm:• Dome-shaped muscle.• Attached to bottom lungs.
Digestive System
• Function:– To take food into the body.– To breakdown food into smaller pieces.– To absorb nutrients into body.– To excrete solid waste.
Digestive System
• Components:– Mouth– Esophagus– Stomach– Small intestines– Large intestines
Digestive System
Mouth • Breaks down food.– Chewing.– Digestive enzymes.
• Saliva produced by epithelial tissue.
Digestive System
Esophagus• Smooth muscle contracts and relaxes to push
food to stomach.
Digestive System
Stomach• Stores food.• Smooth muscle contracts to mix food with
digestive juices.
Digestive System
Small Intestines• Digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Digestive System
Large Intestines• Water reabsorbed into body.• Solid matter excreted as feces from anus.
Urinary System
• Functions:– To filter wastes from the blood.– Forms urine.
Urinary System
• Components:– Kidneys– Bladder
Urinary System
Kidneys• Filters wastes from blood.• Produces urine.
Bladder• Stores urine before
it exits the body.
Reproductive System
Functions:• To produce sperm in males.• To produce eggs in females.
Reproductive System
Components:• Female:– Ovaries– Uterus– Vagina
Reproductive System
Components:• Male:– Testes– Penis
Endocrine System
Functions:• Produces hormones that regulate bodily
functions.
Endocrine System
Components:• Pancreas• Adrenal glands• Ovaries• Testes
Endocrine System
Pancreas• Produces insulin lowers our blood sugar
Adrenal Glands• Produces adrenaline short-term stress
(“fight or flight” response)
Endocrine System
Ovaries• Produce estrogen secondary sex
characteristics in females.
Testes• Produce testosterone secondary sex
characteristics in males.
Interactions of Systems
• Oxygen moves from air in respiratory system to blood in circulatory system.
• Carbon dioxide moves from blood to air (in lungs).
Interactions of Systems
• Nutrients move from food in digestive system to blood in circulatory system.
• Oxygen and nutrients move from circulatory system into body cells.
• Carbon dioxide and wastes move from body cells into circulatory system.
Interactions of Systems
• Wastes pass from circulatory system into urinary system.
Interactions of Systems
• Endocrine system (prolonged response) and nervous system (rapid response) work together to regulate all bodily functions and organ systems.
Interactions of Systems
• Lymphatic system and circulatory system work together to protect the body from foreign invaders (e.g., bacteria).
• Nerves stimulate the pacemaker (SA node) of the heart to control its rhythmic beating.
• The brain is supplied with constant blood flow so it always has oxygen in order to perform all its vital functions.
Interactions of Systems
