Human Body Human Body SystemsSystems

How many human body How many human body systems are there?systems are there?

Digestive Digestive ReproductiveReproductive

RespiratoryRespiratory NervousNervousExcretoryExcretory EndocrineEndocrineCirculatoryCirculatorySkeletalSkeletalMuscularMuscular

NutritionNutritionNutrients Nutrients are substances in are substances in food that provide raw food that provide raw materials and energy the body materials and energy the body needs to carry out all essential needs to carry out all essential processes.processes.There are six kinds of nutrients: There are six kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.vitamins, minerals, and water.

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Example Example Sugar Sugar and Starchesand Starches

Function Function main main source of energy of source of energy of life processeslife processes

FatFatNutrient Nutrient Fat FatExample Example oils, butter, cream oils, butter, creamFunctions Functions A reserve energy A reserve energy supply, building material for supply, building material for certain cell structurescertain cell structures

ProteinProteinExample Example Meat, eggs, Meat, eggs, beans, milk, fishbeans, milk, fish

Functions Functions supplies supplies amino acids which make amino acids which make new cells and body new cells and body chemicals, repair and chemicals, repair and maintains body tissuesmaintains body tissues

VitaminsVitamins

Example Example A, B, C, D, K A, B, C, D, KFunctions Functions Necessary Necessary for good health and a for good health and a healthy body, lack of a healthy body, lack of a vitamin can cause diseasevitamin can cause disease

MineralsMinerals

Example Example Calcium, Calcium, iron, potassiumiron, potassium

Functions Functions Regulate Regulate body functions, needed body functions, needed for structure of body for structure of body parts, maintain good parts, maintain good healthhealth

WaterWaterFunctions Functions Dissolves and Dissolves and transports materials transports materials in the body which is in the body which is 70% water, needed 70% water, needed for chemical for chemical reactions in the bodyreactions in the body

Digestive SystemDigestive System Is responsible for breaking Is responsible for breaking

down food into molecules down food into molecules the body can use. the body can use.

Then the molecules are Then the molecules are absorbed into the blood absorbed into the blood and carried throughout and carried throughout the body.the body.

Finally, wastes are Finally, wastes are eliminated from the body eliminated from the body

Digestive SystemDigestive SystemThere are several parts:There are several parts:

MouthMouthPancreas Pancreas

EsophagusEsophagus Large Large IntestineIntestine

StomachStomachSmall IntestineSmall IntestineLiverLiver

Mouth & Salivary Mouth & Salivary GlandsGlandsFunction: Physical and Function: Physical and

Chemical breakdown of foodChemical breakdown of foodPhysicalPhysical when your teeth when your teeth are breaking down the foodare breaking down the food

ChemicalChemical the breakdown the breakdown of complex molecules into of complex molecules into simple (by simple (by enzymesenzymesAmylase)Amylase)

EsophagusEsophagusConnects the mouth to the Connects the mouth to the

stomachstomachEpiglottisEpiglottis seals off your seals off your

windpipe, preventing the food windpipe, preventing the food from entering.from entering.

PeristalsisPeristalsis waves of muscle waves of muscle contractions- pushes food contractions- pushes food through the to the stomachthrough the to the stomach

StomachStomachJ- shaped, muscular pouchJ- shaped, muscular pouchPepsin & ProteasePepsin & Protease enzyme digests proteinsenzyme digests proteins

Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochloric Acid strong strong acid helps protease, kills acid helps protease, kills bacteria bacteria

Mucus Mucus coats and protects coats and protects the lining of the stomachthe lining of the stomach

Small IntestinesSmall IntestinesCompletes chemical digestion, Completes chemical digestion,

food is absorbed and transported food is absorbed and transported to cells by blood.to cells by blood.

Produces protease, amylase, Produces protease, amylase, lipase enzymeslipase enzymes

Long & folded increase surface Long & folded increase surface area. Tiny finger-like=villi cover area. Tiny finger-like=villi cover inner surface increase surface inner surface increase surface area.area.

Liver Liver Produces chemicals needed Produces chemicals needed for digestionfor digestion

LiverLiver breaks down breaks down medicines & produces bilemedicines & produces bile

BileBile breaks down fat breaks down fat particles & neutralizes particles & neutralizes stomach acidstomach acid

PancreasPancreasTriangular shaped organ, Triangular shaped organ, between stomach and between stomach and small intestinessmall intestines

Produces enzymes Produces enzymes (protease, amylase, (protease, amylase, lipase) that flow into the lipase) that flow into the small intestinessmall intestines

Large IntestinesLarge Intestines1 1 ½ meters long (as long ½ meters long (as long as a bathtub) as a bathtub)

Absorbs excess water, Absorbs excess water, collects undigested food collects undigested food for removal from bodyfor removal from body

Rectum & AnusRectum & Anus

RectumRectum short tube short tube where waste is where waste is compressed into solid compressed into solid formform

Anus Anus waste material is waste material is eliminated from the bodyeliminated from the body